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Journal articles on the topic 'Snap-Through'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 March 2023

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1

Arakawa, Kazuki, Francesco Giorgio-Serchi, and Hiromi Mochiyama. "Snap Pump: A Snap-Through Mechanism for a Pulsatile Pump." IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 6, no. 2 (April 2021): 803–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lra.2021.3052416.

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2

TAKAHASHI, Shuki, Yuki NISHIMURA, Tomoyuki YAMAGUCHI, and Hiromi MOCHIYAMA. "Aerial Snap: A Compact Snap-through Hammering Mechanism for UAV." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2021 (2021): 2P1—K12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2021.2p1-k12.

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3

Jiang, Wen-An, and Li-Qun Chen. "Snap-through piezoelectric energy harvesting." Journal of Sound and Vibration 333, no. 18 (September 2014): 4314–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2014.04.035.

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4

Gomez, Michael, Derek E. Moulton, and Dominic Vella. "Dynamics of viscoelastic snap-through." Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 124 (March 2019): 781–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2018.11.020.

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5

Kim, Hyeonseong, Qitao Zhou, Daegyoum Kim, and Il-Kwon Oh. "Flow-induced snap-through triboelectric nanogenerator." Nano Energy 68 (February 2020): 104379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.104379.

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6

Chandra, Yenny, Ilinca Stanciulescu, Thomas Eason, and Michael Spottswood. "Numerical pathologies in snap-through simulations." Engineering Structures 34 (January 2012): 495–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.10.013.

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7

Abedi, K., and G. A. R. Parke. "Progressive Collapse of Single-Layer Braced Domes." International Journal of Space Structures 11, no. 3 (September 1996): 291–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635119601100302.

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Progressive collapse may be defined as the “widespread propagation of instability following damage to a portion of a structure”. In this paper, the dynamic propagation of local snap-through in single-layer braced domes is discussed. Dynamic snap-through and simultaneous multi-snap-through are described. Loading conditions for the occurrence of local snap-through have also been presented and a procedure for modelling this phenomenon using finite element analysis is developed. The central point in the proposed procedure is that the effect of dynamic snap-through is represented by providing appropriate initial velocities at the nodes in which snap-through as occurred. Using this procedure, the likelihood of progressive collapse is evaluated. In addition, some numerical investigations have also been presented.

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8

Panigrahi, Smruti R., Brian P. Bernard, Brian F. Feeny, Brian P. Mann, and Alejandro R. Diaz. "Snap-through twinkling energy generation through frequency up-conversion." Journal of Sound and Vibration 399 (July 2017): 216–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2017.03.031.

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9

Chen, X., and S. A. Meguid. "Snap-through buckling of initially curved microbeam subject to an electrostatic force." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 471, no. 2177 (May 2015): 20150072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2015.0072.

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In this paper, the snap-through buckling of an initially curved microbeam subject to an electrostatic force, accounting for fringing field effect, is investigated. The general governing equations of the curved microbeam are developed using Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and used to develop a new criterion for the snap-through buckling of that beam. The size effect of the microbeam is accounted for using the modified couple stress theory, and intermolecular effects, such as van der Waals and Casimir forces, are also included in our snap-through formulations. The snap-through governing equations are solved using Galerkin decomposition of the deflection. The results of our work enable us to carefully characterize the snap-through behaviour of the initially curved microbeam. They further reveal the significant effect of the beam size, and to a much lesser extent, the effect of fringing field and intermolecular forces, upon the snap-through criterion for the curved beam.

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10

Yan, Sun-ting, Xiaoli Shen, and Zhijiang Jin. "Static and dynamic symmetric snap-through of non-uniform shallow arch under a pair of end moments considering critical slowing-down effect." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 16 (June 10, 2019): 5735–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219855105.

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This paper presents analytical analysis of static and dynamic symmetric snap-through of non-uniform shallow circular shallow arch under a pair of end moments with the same magnitude. The non-uniformity is characterized by dividing the arch into three piecewise constant-stiffness segments. Hamilton's principle is used to derive the governing differential equations by assuming negligible axial inertia. The snap-through load and snap-through criterion are analyzed in detail and by an index plot, the stiffer center case is shown to behave distinctly when stiffer end case is compared. The dynamic snap-through when the moment is slightly higher than the snap-through moment is analyzed analytically by a perturbation method, and a critical slowing effect is observed when the moment is approaching to the snap-through moment. Comparison with dynamic FEA shows a good agreement with the analytical result and analysis on theoretical finite time blow-up phenomenon reveals that when geometric parameters are corresponding to the critical snap-through condition, the initial quadratic phase's motion is slow and relatively blow-up phase's motion is fast. The analytical formulations have been extended to include two limiting cases including rigid end case and rigid center case by using the constrained Hamilton's principle by Lagrangian multipliers. Snap-through criteria analysis reveals closed-form criterion for rigid center case and an asymptotic result for rigid end case. This paper serves to enhance the knowledge on snap-through and critical slowing down for shallow arches with non-uniformity under end moments.

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11

Poon, W. Y., C. F. Ng, and Y. Y. Lee. "Dynamic stability of a curved beam under sinusoidal loading." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 216, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544100260369740.

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This paper is a study of snap-through properties of a non-linear dynamic buckling response to sinusoidal excitation of a clamped—clamped buckled beam. Using a simple formula, the highly non-linear motion of snap-through and its effects on the overall vibration response have been studied. The non-linear governing equation obtained here is solved using the Runge—Kutta (RK-4) numerical integration method. Critical parameters at the onset of the snap-through motion, which vary with different damping coefficients and linear circular frequencies of a flat beam, are studied and given in terms of the excitation level and response displacement. The relationships between static and dynamic responses at the start of the snap-through motion are also predicted. The analysis brings out various characteristic features of the phenomenon, i.e. (a) small oscillations about the buckled position, (b) chaotic motion of intermittent snap-through and (c) large oscillations of continuous snap-through motion crossing the two buckled positions. The non-linear dynamic instability behaviour of the beam, changing from the softening spring type to the hardening type, is due to the snap-through motion.

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12

Liu, Mingchao, Michael Gomez, and Dominic Vella. "Delayed bifurcation in elastic snap-through instabilities." Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 151 (June 2021): 104386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2021.104386.

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13

Avramov, K. V., and Yu V. Mikhlin. "Snap-Through Truss as a Vibration Absorber." Journal of Vibration and Control 10, no. 2 (February 2004): 291–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546304035604.

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In this paper we consider the possibility of elastic oscillation absorption using the snap-through truss. This truss was introduced by Mises in 1923. A single-degree-of-freedom linear oscillator is chosen as the most simple model of a continuous elastic system. The nonlinear absorber with three equilibrium positions (the snap-through truss) is attached to this oscillator. The dynamics of this system is studied by the nonlinear normal vibration mode approach. The construction and stability analysis of the localized and non-localized nonlinear normal modes are developed. If the localized mode is realized, the system energy is concentrated in the nonlinear absorber. This situation is the most appropriate to absorb vibrations.

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14

Jeon, Jin-Han, Tai-Hong Cheng, and Il-Kwon Oh. "Snap-through dynamics of buckled IPMC actuator." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 158, no. 2 (March 2010): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2010.01.030.

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15

Šnirc, Ľuboš, and Ján Ravinger. "Statics and Dynamics of Snap-through Effect." Procedia Engineering 190 (2017): 540–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.05.377.

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16

Versluis, M. "How Snapping Shrimp Snap: Through Cavitating Bubbles." Science 289, no. 5487 (September 22, 2000): 2114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.289.5487.2114.

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17

Li, Teng, and Zhao Zhang. "Snap-Through Instability of Graphene on Substrates." Nanoscale Research Letters 5, no. 1 (October 17, 2009): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11671-009-9460-1.

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18

SHEKASTEHBAND, B., and K. ABEDI. "DYNAMIC PROPAGATION OF SNAP-THROUGH BUCKLING IN TENSEGRITY STRUCTURES." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 14, no. 01 (December 17, 2013): 1350049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455413500491.

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Tensegrity structures under certain conditions may be prone to snap-through buckling. The temporary loss of equilibrium due to snap-through normally results in a dynamic force being applied to each node associated with the snap-through. This paper presents a numerical study on the progressive collapse behavior of tensegrity structures due to the buckling of struts. Emphasis is given to the dynamic nature of the coupled member and nodal snap-through effects on the overall structural behavior. Member buckling is taken into consideration by carefully following the buckling load–displacement response of the member. It is assumed that the structure is subjected only to static gravitational load. Results of the present study allow one to assess the effects of various design parameters such as self-stress levels, effective-length factor of struts and damping characteristics on the propagation of snap-through buckling in these structures. The conclusions, drawn from this study, lead to the suggestion of some guidelines and recommendations for the design of such structures.

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19

Rezaiee-Pajand, M., and J. Alamatian. "Automatic DR Structural Analysis of Snap-Through and Snap-Back Using Optimized Load Increments." Journal of Structural Engineering 137, no. 1 (January 2011): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2011)137:1(109).

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20

Giddings, Peter F., Chris R. Bowen, and H. A. Kim. "Characterisation of Force-Deflection Behaviour of Piezoelectrically Actuated Bistable Composite Laminate under Two-Axis Constraint." Advances in Science and Technology 56 (September 2008): 380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.56.380.

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This paper characterises the properties of unsymmetric bistable carbon fibre composites actuated using a single piezoelectric macro fibre actuator. A piezoelectric–laminate combination under two-axis constraint was evaluated in terms of its load–deflection characteristics, snap-through force and stiffness. The load–deflection characteristics indicate that snap-through force and laminate stiffness increase as a function of piezoelectric actuator drive-voltage. Both snap-through force and laminate stiffness are significantly increased under two-axis constraint, as compared to single-axis constraint. Snap-through force and stiffness are shown to be affected by localised curvature variation caused by laminate ageing.

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21

Kannan, M. S., Y. S. Prakash, D. E. Johnson, and G. C. Sieck. "Nitric oxide inhibits calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum of porcine tracheal smooth muscle cells." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 272, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): L1—L7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1997.272.1.l1.

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In the present study, effects of the nitric oxide donor, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), on sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release were examined in freshly dissociated porcine tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) cells. Fura 2-loaded TSM cells were imaged using video fluorescence microscopy. SR Ca2+ release was induced by acetylcholine (ACh), which acts principally through inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors, and by caffeine, which acts principally through ryanodine receptors (RyR). SNAP inhibited ACh-induced SR Ca2+ release at both 0 and 2.5 mM extracellular Ca2+. Degraded SNAP had no effect on ACh-induced SR Ca2+ release. SNAP also inhibited caffeine-induced SR Ca2+ release. ACh-induced Ca2+ influx was not affected by SNAP when SR reloading was blocked by thapsigargin. SNAP also did not affect SR Ca2+ reuptake. The membrane-permeant analogue of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP), 8-bromo-cGMP, mimicked the effects of SNAP. These results suggest that, in porcine TSM cells, SNAP reduces the intracellular Ca2+ response to ACh and caffeine by inhibiting SR Ca2+ release through both IP3 and RyR, but not by inhibiting influx or repletion of the SR Ca2+ stores. These effects are likely mediated via cGMP-dependent mechanisms.

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22

Brown, Keith R., Colette Hanlon, and Becki Scola. "“You Don’t Want to Feel Poor All the Time”: What SNAP Means to Low-Income Philadelphia Residents." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 50, no. 3 (January 27, 2021): 417–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891241620985587.

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Through participant observation while grocery shopping, and 37 in-depth interviews with Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) recipients, we describe the social meanings of SNAP dollars to low-income Philadelphia residents. We make three contributions to the study of food insecurity and SNAP. First, we confirm the literature showing that SNAP covers less than half of a monthly food budget. Second, we apply the “social meaning of money” theory to show that our respondents did not equate or spend SNAP dollars the same way they spent other forms of money. Spending SNAP dollars allowed for a temporary escape from the stresses of poverty. And third, we describe the cultural capital (habits and shared meanings) that is necessary to feed a family on a limited budget. In the SNAP market, the cultural capital accumulated through poverty is more valuable than the cultural capital obtained through wealth. Thus, we push for a more nuanced understanding of cultural capital among poverty scholars that keeps the focus on the contextual and interactional nature of this concept.

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23

Crisfield, M. A. "Snap-through and snap-back response in concrete structures and the dangers of under-integration." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22, no. 3 (March 1986): 751–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620220314.

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24

Bleich, Sara N., Alyssa J. Moran, Kelsey A. Vercammen, Johannah M. Frelier, Caroline G. Dunn, Anthony Zhong, and Sheila E. Fleischhacker. "Strengthening the Public Health Impacts of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Through Policy." Annual Review of Public Health 41, no. 1 (April 2, 2020): 453–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094143.

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The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is the cornerstone of the US nutrition safety net. Each month, SNAP provides assistance to 40 million low-income Americans—nearly half of them children. A number of changes could strengthen the public health impacts of SNAP. This review first presents a framework describing the mechanisms through which SNAP policy can influence public health, particularly by affecting the food security, the diet quality, and, subsequently, the health of SNAP participants. We then discusspolicy opportunities with the greatest potential to strengthen the public health impacts of SNAP, organized into three areas: ( a) food production and distribution, ( b) benefit allocation, and ( c) eligibility and enrollment. For each section, we describe current policy and limitations of the status quo, suggest evidence-based opportunities for policy change to improve public health, and identify important areas for future research.

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25

Anilkumar, P. M., Ayan Haldar, and B. N. Rao. "Effect of snap-through force location on morphing of bistable variable stiffness laminates." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.469.

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Unsymmetric composite laminates exhibit two or more stable states due to the presence of residual thermal stresses induced during the curing process. The paper aims to exploit the possibility of assessing the morphing behaviour of bistable composite laminates using semi-analytical and numerical models. A Rayleigh-Ritz based semi-analytical model is used to investigate the variable stiffness (VS) bistable laminates generated using curvilinear fibre alignments. The obtained results are verified using a fully non-linear numerical model developed in a commercially available finite element package. In order to identify the influence of loading location on the snap-through behaviour, a parametric study is proposed in the present research. Snap-through is achieved through transverse point loads. The novelty of this work resides on the investigation of load application location on the snap-through action where the transverse load is applied at various locations on the lamina surface. Earlier research on the morphing of bistable square composites is mainly on the application of concentrated load at the centre of the laminate geometry, which is considered as an ideal location for snap-through action. The designer may also have to choose other locations for the application of snap-through loads since the lamina centre may not be appropriate always in structural applications. Four different loading locations are selected for the present analysis, and snap-through loads are calculated to check the effect of loading location. Parametric studies are performed using the proposed semi-analytical and numerical models to investigate the effect of selected loading point positions on the snap-through process. The analysis is extended to a selected VS laminate family to understand the influence of loading point positions on the curvilinear fibre alignments.

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26

ZHAO, Jian. "Snap-through Bifurcation Analysis of Compliant Bistable Structures." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 55, no. 5 (2019): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2019.05.074.

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27

DeJaco, Jerome F., Will F. Rask, and Edward F. Rynne. "Impulsive snap‐through acoustic projector: A new concept." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 100, no. 4 (October 1996): 2717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.416139.

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28

Scharfenberg, Scott, Nikhita Mansukhani, Cesar Chialvo, Richard L. Weaver, and Nadya Mason. "Observation of a snap-through instability in graphene." Applied Physics Letters 100, no. 2 (January 9, 2012): 021910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3676059.

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29

Millar, Malcolm A., and Majid Barghian. "Snap-through behaviour of cables in flexible structures." Computers & Structures 77, no. 4 (July 2000): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-7949(00)00027-4.

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30

Pecknold, D. A., J. Ghaboussi, and T. J. Healey. "Snap‐Through and Bifurcation in a Simple Structure." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 111, no. 7 (July 1985): 909–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1985)111:7(909).

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31

Zhao, X., W. Y. Lu, and T. R. Tauchert. "Snap‐Through of a Clamped‐Free Beam Column." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 117, no. 11 (November 1991): 2722–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1991)117:11(2722).

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32

Bosco, C., and A. Carpinteri. "Softening and Snap‐Through Behavior of Reinforced Elements." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 118, no. 8 (August 1992): 1564–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1992)118:8(1564).

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33

Shankar, M. R., M. L. Smith, V. P. Tondiglia, K. M. Lee, M. E. McConney, D. H. Wang, L. S. Tan, and T. J. White. "Contactless, photoinitiated snap-through in azobenzene-functionalized polymers." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110, no. 47 (November 4, 2013): 18792–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1313195110.

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34

Sheidaii, M. R., G. A. R. Parke, K. Abedi, and A. Behravesh. "Dynamic Snap-Through Buckling of Truss-Type Structures." International Journal of Space Structures 16, no. 2 (June 2001): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0266351011495197.

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35

Dano, M. L., and M. W. Hyer. "Snap-through of unsymmetric fiber-reinforced composite laminates." International Journal of Solids and Structures 39, no. 1 (January 2002): 175–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7683(01)00074-9.

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36

Holland, Katie, Amy McClelland, Sarah David, and Rosemary Rodibaugh. "Assessing SNAP-Ed Program Success Through Teacher Surveys." Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 50, no. 7 (July 2018): S124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2018.04.013.

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37

Holland, Katie, Amy McClelland, Sarah David, and Rosemary Rodibaugh. "Assessing SNAP-Ed Program Success Through Teacher Surveys." Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 50, no. 7 (July 2018): S30—S31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2018.04.078.

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38

Rudykh, Stephan, Kaushik Bhattacharya, and Gal deBotton. "Snap-through actuation of thick-wall electroactive balloons." International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics 47, no. 2 (March 2012): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2011.05.006.

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39

Schultz, Marc R., Michael W. Hyer, R. Brett Williams, W. Keats Wilkie, and Daniel J. Inman. "Snap-through of unsymmetric laminates using piezocomposite actuators." Composites Science and Technology 66, no. 14 (November 2006): 2442–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.01.027.

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40

ANDO, Kenya, and Yasuyuki KATO. "G030112 Study on Snap-through Behavior for Catheter subjected to Initial Torsion : Relation between snap-through behavior and deformation speed." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2011 (2011): _G030112–1—_G030112–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2011._g030112-1.

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41

Kaliyannan, Devarajan. "Nonlinear dynamics and parametric study of snap through electromagnetic vibration energy harvester using multi-term harmonic balance method." Energy Harvesting and Systems 7, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ehs-2020-0004.

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Abstract Vibration energy harvester (VEH) has proven to be a favorable potential technique to supply continuous energy from ambient vibrations and its performance is greatly influenced by the design of potential structures. A snap-through mechanism is used in an electromagnetic energy harvester to improve its effectiveness. It mainly comprises of three springs that are configured so that the potential energy of the system has two stable equilibrium points. In this work, a harmonically base excited snap-through electromagnetic vibration energy harvester is investigated by analytical and semi-analytical method. The approximate analytical outcomes are qualitatively and quantitatively supported by semi-analytical method using multi-term harmonic balance method (MHBM).The bifurcation diagram of response current shows that snap-through electromagnetic vibration energy harvesters exhibits periodic intrawell, interwell and chaotic motion when the system parameters are varied. The influence of system parameters on the response of snap-through electromagnetic vibration energy harvester are examined. Nonlinearity produced by the snap-through oscillator improves energy harvesting so that the snap-through electromagnetic energy harvester can outperform the linear energy harvester in the similar size under harmonic excitation. A fitness function was formulated and optimization of the selected parameters was done using genetic algorithm. The parametric optimization leads to a considerable improvement in the harvested current from the system.

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42

ZHAO, Jian. "Control of the Snap-through Characteristic through Local Cross-section Optimization." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 52, no. 19 (2016): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2016.19.154.

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43

Chen, X., and S. A. Meguid. "Asymmetric bifurcation of thermally and electrically actuated functionally graded material microbeam." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 472, no. 2186 (February 2016): 20150597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2015.0597.

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In this paper, we investigate the symmetric snap-through buckling and the asymmetric bifurcation behaviours of an initially curved functionally graded material (FGM) microbeam subject to the electrostatic force and uniform/non-uniform temperature field. The beam model is developed in the framework of Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, accounting for the through-thickness power law variation of the beam material and the physical neutral plane. Based on the Galerkin decomposition method, the beam model is simplified as a 2 d.f. reduced-order model, from which the necessary snap-through and symmetry breaking criteria are derived. The results of our work reveal the significant effects of the power law index on the snap-through and symmetry breaking criteria. Our results also reveal that the non-uniform temperature field can actuate the FGM microbeam and induce the snap-through and asymmetric bifurcation behaviours.

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44

Nakanishi, Daisuke, Shoya Kobayashi, Kiichi Obara, Shotaro Matsumura, and Yuichiro Sueoka. "Development of a Fish-Like Robot with a Continuous and High Frequency Snap-Through Buckling Mechanism Using a Triangular Cam." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 33, no. 2 (April 20, 2021): 400–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2021.p0400.

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This study focuses on the high maneuverability of fish in water to design a fish-like robot via snap-through buckling. The aim of this study is to improve swimming speed by increasing the frequency at which snap-through buckling occurs. Here, we propose a novel drive mechanism using a triangular cam that can continuously generate snap-through buckling at a high frequency. In addition, we developed a fish-like robot via the proposed mechanism and analyzed the influence of the frequency of snap-through buckling on swimming speed. The results obtained indicate that swimming speed is improved and that the relationship between frequency and swimming speed exhibits a single peak. In other words, the swimming speed is reduced when the frequency is significantly increased. We also determined that swimming speed was improved using a wide elastic thin plate as the driving mechanism.

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45

Liu, Thomas Jin-Chee, and Nai-Pin Lin. "Snap-Through Behavior of Arch Shell for Button or Switch Design in Electronic Products." Journal of the Institute of Industrial Applications Engineers 6, no. 4 (October 25, 2018): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12792/jiiae.6.156.

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46

Houeland, Gry, Arash Nakhost, Wayne S. Sossin, and Vincent F. Castellucci. "PKC Modulation of Transmitter Release by SNAP-25 at Sensory-to-Motor Synapses in Aplysia." Journal of Neurophysiology 97, no. 1 (January 2007): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00122.2006.

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Activation of phosphokinase C (PKC) can increase transmitter release at sensory–motor neuron synapses in Aplysia, but the target of PKC phosphorylation has not been determined. One putative target of PKC at synapses is the synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25), a member of the SNARE protein complex implicated in synaptic vesicle docking and fusion. To determine whether PKC regulated transmitter release through phosphorylation of SNAP-25, we cloned Aplysia SNAP-25 and expressed enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)–coupled SNAP-25 constructs mutated at the PKC phosphorylation site Ser198 in Aplysia sensory neurons. We found several distinct effects of expression of EGFP–SNAP-25 constructs. First, the rates of synaptic depression were slowed when cells contained SNAP-25 with phosphomimetic residues Glu or Asp. Second, PDBu-mediated increases in transmitter release at naïve synapses were blocked in cells expressing nonphosphorylated-state SNAP-25. Finally, expression of EGFP-coupled SNAP-25 but not uncoupled SNAP-25 inhibited 5-HT–mediated reversal of depression and the ability of EGFP-coupled SNAP-25 to inhibit the reversal of depression was affected by changes at Ser198. These results suggest SNAP-25 and phosphorylation of SNAP-25 by PKC can regulate transmitter release at Aplysia sensory–motor neuron synapses by a number of distinct processes.

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47

Barnard, Richard J. O., Alan Morgan, and Robert D. Burgoyne. "Stimulation of NSF ATPase Activity by α-SNAP Is Required for SNARE Complex Disassembly and Exocytosis." Journal of Cell Biology 139, no. 4 (November 17, 1997): 875–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.139.4.875.

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N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive fusion protein (NSF) and α-SNAP play key roles in vesicular traffic through the secretory pathway. In this study, NH2- and COOH-terminal truncation mutants of α-SNAP were assayed for ability to bind NSF and stimulate its ATPase activity. Deletion of up to 160 NH2-terminal amino acids had little effect on the ability of α-SNAP to stimulate the ATPase activity of NSF. However, deletion of as few as 10 COOH-terminal amino acids resulted in a marked decrease. Both NH2-terminal (1–160) and COOH-terminal (160–295) fragments of α-SNAP were able to bind to NSF, suggesting that α-SNAP contains distinct NH2- and COOH-terminal binding sites for NSF. Sequence alignment of known SNAPs revealed only leucine 294 to be conserved in the final 10 amino acids of α-SNAP. Mutation of leucine 294 to alanine (α-SNAP(L294A)) resulted in a decrease in the ability to stimulate NSF ATPase activity but had no effect on the ability of this mutant to bind NSF. α-SNAP (1–285) and α-SNAP (L294A) were unable to stimulate Ca2+-dependent exocytosis in permeabilized chromaffin cells. In addition, α-SNAP (1–285), and α-SNAP (L294A) were able to inhibit the stimulation of exocytosis by exogenous α-SNAP. α-SNAP, α-SNAP (1–285), and α-SNAP (L294A) were all able to become incorporated into a 20S complex and recruit NSF. In the presence of MgATP, α-SNAP (1–285) and α-SNAP (L294A) were unable to fully disassemble the 20S complex and did not allow vesicle-associated membrane protein dissociation to any greater level than seen in control incubations. These findings imply that α-SNAP stimulation of NSF ATPase activity may be required for 20S complex disassembly and for the α-SNAP stimulation of exocytosis.

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MacDonald, Patrick E., Guotang Wang, Sharon Tsuk, Chikvashvili Dodo, Youhou Kang, Lan Tang, Michael B. Wheeler, et al. "Synaptosome-Associated Protein of 25 Kilodaltons Modulates Kv2.1 Voltage-Dependent K+ Channels in Neuroendocrine Islet β-Cells through an Interaction with the Channel N Terminus." Molecular Endocrinology 16, no. 11 (November 1, 2002): 2452–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/me.2002-0058.

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Abstract Insulin secretion is initiated by ionic events involving membrane depolarization and Ca2+ entry, whereas exocytic SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) proteins mediate exocytosis itself. In the present study, we characterize the interaction of the SNARE protein SNAP-25 (synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa) with the β-cell voltage-dependent K+ channel Kv2.1. Expression of Kv2.1, SNAP-25, and syntaxin 1A was detected in human islet lysates by Western blot, and coimmunoprecipitation studies showed that heterologously expressed SNAP-25 and syntaxin 1A associate with Kv2.1. SNAP-25 reduced currents from recombinant Kv2.1 channels by approximately 70% without affecting channel localization. This inhibitory effect could be partially alleviated by codialysis of a Kv2.1N-terminal peptide that can bind in vitro SNAP-25, but not the Kv2.1C-terminal peptide. Similarly, SNAP-25 blocked voltage-dependent outward K+ currents from rat β-cells by approximately 40%, an effect that was completely reversed by codialysis of the Kv2.1N fragment. Finally, SNAP-25 had no effect on outward K+ currents in β-cells where Kv2.1 channels had been functionally knocked out using a dominant-negative approach, indicating that the interaction is specific to Kv2.1 channels as compared with other β-cell Kv channels. This study demonstrates that SNAP-25 can regulate Kv2.1 through an interaction at the channel N terminus and supports the hypothesis that SNARE proteins modulate secretion through their involvement in regulation of membrane ion channels in addition to exocytic membrane fusion.

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Zhou, Wu, Huiju Yu, Lili Chen, Yu Chen, Bei Peng, and Peng Peng. "Stability analysis of two coupled pre-shaped beams in parallel." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232, no. 13 (July 26, 2017): 2482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406217721255.

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Parallel bistable mechanism rather than single bistable beam is preferred in micro devices like relays and resonators due to its higher stability in insensitive axis and higher robustness to fabrication errors. Its stability characteristics including nonlinearity and bistability or snap-through, however, rarely appear in current publications. The coupled mechanism constructed by two pre-shaped beams in parallel is investigated analytically and numerically in this paper. Based on the quasi-linearization of the problem and analytical equation of force and displacement, the dimension combinations of coupled beams are categorized into three types according to the apex amplitudes of cosine-shaped beams. It is concluded that the appearance of snap-through behaviors in parallel coupled mechanism is sustained by both arranging two bistable beams and making the apex difference meet condition of Fmin < 0. The smallest values of minimum force only appears when the apexes are equal to each other, and any efforts to increase or decrease the apex of single beam will lead the nonlinear phenomenon from snap-through to constrained-snap-through and further to no snap-through. The numerical method is also introduced to observe the stability of coupled mechanism and shows a good agreement with analytical methods proposed by this paper.

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Rivera, Rebecca L., Melissa K. Maulding, and Heather A. Eicher-Miller. "Effect of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program–Education (SNAP-Ed) on food security and dietary outcomes." Nutrition Reviews 77, no. 12 (May 11, 2019): 903–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuz013.

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AbstractThe Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program–Education (SNAP-Ed) is the nutrition promotion component of SNAP, formerly known as food stamps. SNAP-Ed assists low-income populations in the United States improve dietary intake and reduce food insecurity through nutrition education. This narrative review summarizes current investigations of SNAP-Ed’s effectiveness at improving food security and dietary outcomes, and it can help inform future policy and implementation of the program. There was stronger evidence for SNAP-Ed as an effective means of improving food security (n = 4 reports) than for its effects on nutrition or dietary outcomes (n = 10 reports). Inconsistency in measurement tools and outcomes and a lack of strong study designs characterized the studies that sought to evaluate the effectiveness of SNAP-Ed at improving nutrition or dietary outcomes. Additional rigorous study designs in diverse population groups are needed to strengthen the evidence. In the face of reduced financial SNAP benefits, SNAP-Ed may play an important role in helping to eliminate food insecurity and improve dietary outcomes and, ultimately, the health of low-income Americans.

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