Relevant bibliographies by topics / SNB-9

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'SNB-9'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 June 2025
Last updated: 26 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "SNB-9"

1

Denegri, Marco, Daniela Moralli, Mariano Rocchi, et al. "Human Chromosomes 9, 12, and 15 Contain the Nucleation Sites of Stress-Induced Nuclear Bodies." Molecular Biology of the Cell 13, no. 6 (2002): 2069–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.01-12-0569.

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We previously reported the identification of a novel nuclear compartment detectable in heat-shocked HeLa cells that we termed stress-induced Src-activated during mitosis nuclear body (SNB). This structure is the recruitment center for heat shock factor 1 and for a number of RNA processing factors, among a subset of Serine-Arginine splicing factors. In this article, we show that stress-induced SNBs are detectable in human but not in hamster cells. By means of hamster>human cell hybrids, we have identified three human chromosomes (9, 12, and 15) that are individually able to direct the formation of stress bodies in hamster cells. Similarly to stress-induced SNB, these bodies are sites of accumulation of hnRNP A1-interacting protein and heat shock factor 1, are usually associated to nucleoli, and consist of clusters of perichromatin granules. We show that the p13-q13 region of human chromosome 9 is sufficient to direct the formation of stress bodies in hamster>human cell hybrids. Fluorescence in situ hybridization experiments demonstrate that the pericentromeric heterochromatic q12 band of chromosome 9 and the centromeric regions of chromosomes 12 and 15 colocalize with stress-induced SNBs in human cells. Our data indicate that human chromosomes 9, 12, and 15 contain the nucleation sites of stress bodies in heat-shocked HeLa cells.
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Gropper, Adrienne, Katherina Zabicki Calvillo, Susan Troyan, et al. "Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) in pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (2013): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.1117.

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1117 Background: SNB in PABC is not often pursued due to concerns for potential fetal harm. There are only limited data available regarding the safety and efficacy of SNB in patients (pts) with PABC. Methods: Pts with PABC who underwent SNB were identified from within an existing multi-institutional PABC cohort diagnosed 1996-2013. Factors evaluated included method and result of SNB evaluation, maternal disease outcome, and fetal outcomes. Results: Within a cohort of 78 PABC pts, 53 had breast surgery while pregnant; 23 (43%) underwent SNB, 27 (51%) underwent initial axillary node (AN) dissection, 18 of whom were clinically node negative, and 3 had no nodal evaluation. Of SNB pts, 21 (91%) had stage 1-2 disease; 14 (61%) had ER/PR+ disease and 7 (30%) HER2+. Eight (35%), 9 (39%), and 6 (26%) women had SNB in the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively. 99-Technetium-labelled sulfur colloid (99-Tc) alone was used for SNB in 14 pts; methylene blue (MB) dye alone was used in 7. SN was identified in 100% of pts; see Table. There were no SNB-associated complications. At a median of 2.4 years from diagnosis, there were no locoregional recurrences, 3 (13%) distant recurrences, and 1 (4%) death from breast cancer. Among pts who underwent SNB, there were 20 liveborn infants and 3 pregnancies ongoing. Of the 20 infants born, 18 were healthy, 1 unknown, and 1 had cleft palate (in setting of maternal risk factors including smoking and methadone). Conclusions: SNB in PABC appears to be a safe and accurate procedure using either 99-Tc or MB techniques. This is one of the largest experiences reported to date of SNB during PABC; however, numbers remain limited and rates of SNB in our cohort were lower than current rates in non-PABC patients. Additional research and monitoring for safety of this procedure is warranted in women with PABC. [Table: see text]
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Haseeb ur Rehman, Amra Minhas Abid, Zainab Ahmed, et al. "A Cephalometric Evaluation of Anterior Cranial Base Slope in Patients with Different Skeletal Malocclusions." Indus Journal of Bioscience Research 2, no. 2 (2024): 1388–92. https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v2i02.349.

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Objective: To assess the correlation in the anterior cranial base (SNA, SNB angles) and among the three different skeletal malocclusions. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Study setting: Orthodontic Department KRL Hospital G-9, Islamabad, from March to August 2024. Methodology: The data included lateral cephalograms of people undergoing orthodontic treatment. By simple consecutive non-random sampling technique, a total sample size of 120 patients was selected. IBM SPSS version 23.0 was used for the data analysis. Quantitative data like age, SNA, SNB and ACB slope was expressed in mean (SD) as descriptive statistics. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between the anterior cranial base and the skeletal malocclusions. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 120 patients evaluated in this study, the distribution across the three skeletal malocclusions was as follows: 10% were classified as skeletal class I, 65% as skeletal class II, and 25% as skeletal class III. A significant correlation was observed between the anterior cranial base slope and the type of skeletal malocclusion (p < 0.05). The patients with Class II malocclusion, the SNA angle was notably higher while in Class III malocclusion patients, the SNB angle was significantly increased. Additionally, the SN-FH angle demonstrated a steeper slope in Class III patients compared to those with Class I and Class II malocclusions. There was no significant difference in anterior cranial base length (BA-S) across the malocclusion groups. The correlation analysis between SNA, SNB, and the anterior cranial base slope indicated that the steepness of the cranial base plays a role in the manifestation of the skeletal malocclusions. Conclusion: This research study underscores the significance of the anterior cranial base in the development of skeletal malocclusions. The findings suggest that patients with Class II malocclusion exhibit a steeper anterior cranial base slope, whereas Class III patients tend to have a flatter cranial base slope. These variations in anterior cranial base morphology can serve as effective diagnostic tools in the assessment, evaluation, and treatment planning of skeletal malocclusions. The study also highlights the complex interplay between cranial base morphology and skeletal relationships, indicating the need for comprehensive analysis in orthodontic assessment and treatment strategies.
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Dewi, Renie Kumala, Seno Pradopo, and Sindy Cornelia Nelwan. "EARLY TREATMENT OF CLASS II DIVISION 1 MALOCCLUSION USING TWIN BLOCK APPLIANCES: A CASE REPORT." Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi 7, no. 1 (2022): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/dentino.v7i1.13111.

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Background: Malocclusion is dentofacial growth deviation from its normal size and shape, thus causing abnormal occlusion. One of its etiology is heredity. Removable twin block, a functional appliance that can be used in interceptive orthodontic treatment, can be used to treat Class II malocclusion with large overjet in children during skeletal growth and development. Case: An 11-year-old boy came to pediatric dental specialist clinic with Class II division 1 Angle malocclusion (SNA 82°; SNB 74°; ANB 8°, CVM CS 4, overjet 14 mm, overbite 7 mm, and convex profile). Removable twin block for Class II malocclusion was chosen as the therapy. Case management: Removable twin block appliance with acrylic occlusal bite block was used on maxilla and mandible separately. An angle of 70° was made in the occlusal bite block, which was made based on the bite registration wax during centric occlusion. This device is used 24-hours a day. Monthly dental visit was done to reduce the maxillary and mandibular occlusal bite blocks. After 9 months, an overjet of 5 mm was obtained. Cephalometry calculations became SNA 82°; SNB 7 9 °; ANB 3 °. The patient was given further phase 2 treatment with fixed orthodontic appliance. Conclusion: With proper case selection and good patient cooperation, removable twin block appliance can correct skeletal malocclusion, improve facial profile, reduce overjet and overbite, and correct molar relations.
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ROMANINI, Renata Cristina Suzin, Silvia VEDOVELLO, Ricardo RAITZ, Milena Bortolotto Felippe SILVA, José Luiz Cintra JUNQUEIRA, and Luciana Butini OLIVEIRA. "Craniofacial features of operated unilateral complete cleft lip and palate children: a case control study." RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia 62, no. 4 (2014): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-8637201400040000052902.

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OBJECTIVE: To compare the craniofacial features of Brazilian children who had received surgery for unilateral complete cleft lip and palate compared with non-cleft group. METHODS: Craniofacial features were evaluated on lateral cephalometric radiographs. 46 patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate were divided by gender and matched at ages 6, 7, 8 and 9. They were compared with 46 non-cleft children, equally divided by gender and matched the same age groups. All comparisons were carried out by means of the Angles SNA, SNB and ANB. The findings were analyzed on the basis of the two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with p <0.05 significance level. RESULTS: Both the angle SNA and SNB in the cleft group had a lower average in both genders and all age groups compared with the non-cleft group (p<0.0001). The average values of ANB were significantly higher in the cleft group (p<0.05) both in males and females and in all age groups studied. CONCLUSION: Children who had received surgery for unilateral complete cleft lip and palate during childhood had maxillary and mandibular retrusion and a class II skeletal pattern in relation to non-cleft group.
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Moon, Hyeong-Gon, Wonshik Han, and Dong-Young Noh. "Comparable Survival Between pN0 Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Sentinel Node Biopsy and Extensive Axillary Dissection: A Report From the Korean Breast Cancer Society." Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, no. 10 (2010): 1692–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.25.9226.

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Purpose Recent studies showing survival benefit of extensive axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in pN0 breast cancer have challenged the concept of sentinel node biopsy (SNB). In this study, the survival and recurrence after SNB alone and ALND in pN0 Korean breast cancer patients were investigated. Patients and Methods Using information from two large databases, including a Korean nationwide registry, we assessed survival relative to the extent of ALND in pN0 breast cancer patients. We also compared the survival of pN0 patients who underwent SNB alone with survival in those who underwent varying degrees of ALND. Results In an analysis of 1,607 pN0 patients from a single institution, less extensive ALND significantly increased the risks of breast cancer death and systemic recurrence but not of locoregional recurrence. These findings were validated by an analysis of nationwide registry data on 17,672 pN0 patients; patients with > 20 dissected lymph nodes had significantly better overall survival (OS) and breast cancer–specific survival (BCSS) than those with 10 to 20 or < 10 dissected lymph nodes. Patients who underwent SNB alone showed OS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.03; 9% CI, 0.08 to 1.56) and BCSS (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.78) similar to those of patients who underwent extensive ALND (> 20 dissected lymph nodes), despite the small number of lymph nodes removed. Conclusion Extensive ALND is associated with better survival and less systemic recurrence than less extensive ALND in patients with pN0 breast cancer. However, SNB alone showed excellent survival results, similar to those of extensive ALND, supporting the long-term oncologic safety of SNB.
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Knauer, Michael, Peter Konstantiniuk, Anton Haid, et al. "Multicentric Breast Cancer: A New Indication for Sentinel Node Biopsy—A Multi-Institutional Validation Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 21 (2006): 3374–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.05.7372.

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Purpose Multicentric breast cancer has been considered to be a contraindication for sentinel node (SN) biopsy (SNB). In this prospective multi-institutional trial, SNB-feasibility and accuracy was evaluated in 142 patients with multicentric cancer from the Austrian Sentinel Node Study Group (ASNSG) and compared with data from 3,216 patients with unicentric cancer. Patients and Methods Between 1996 and 2004, 3,730 patients underwent SNB at 15 ASNSG-affiliated hospitals. Patient data were entered in a multicenter database. One hundred forty-two patients presented with multicentric invasive breast cancer and underwent SNB. Results Intraoperatively, a mean number of 1.67 SNs were excised (identification-rate, 91.5%). The incidence of SN metastases was 60.8% (79 of 130). This was confirmed by axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in 125 patients. Of patients with positive SNs, 60.8% (48 of 79) showed involvement of nonsentinel nodes (NSNs), as did three patients with negative SNs (false-negative rate, 4.0). Sensitivity, negative predictive value, and overall accuracy were 96.0%, 93.3%, and 97.3%, respectively. Ninety-one percent of the patients underwent mastectomy, and 9% were treated with breast conserving surgery. None of the patients have shown axillary recurrence so far (mean follow-up, 28.8 months). Compared with 3,216 patients with unicentric cancer, there was a significantly higher rate of SN metastases as well as in NSNs, whereas there was no difference in detection and false-negative rates. Conclusion Multicentric breast cancer is a new indication for SNB without routine ALND in controlled trials. Given adequate quality control and an interdisciplinary teamwork of surgical, nuclear medicine, and pathology units, SNB is both feasible and accurate in this disease entity.
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Edge, Stephen B., and David G. Sheldon. "Counterpoint: Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Is Not Indicated for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ." Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 1, no. 2 (2003): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2003.0019.

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The purpose of axillary surgery in breast cancer is to provide prognostic information to guide the choice of adjuvant systemic therapy. Axillary surgery for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) was abandoned in the 1980s because of the extremely low risk of lymph node metastases and high survival rates. Most women with metastases probably harbored an unrecognized focus of invasion or had metastases subsequent to an invasive local recurrence. Increased use of the less morbid sentinel node biopsy (SNB) for axillary staging of invasive cancer and the recognition that many patients will harbor micrometastases in nodes only recognized by cytokeratin immunohistochemistry (IHC) led two groups to perform SNB with IHC in women with DCIS. One group included all subtypes of DCIS and found metastases in 13% (half of which were detected only on IHC). The other group studied only patients with “high-risk” DCIS. They found metastases in 12% (7 of 9 by IHC only). These groups recommend SNB for women with DCIS. However, the use of SNB in DCIS should be tempered by the uncertainty of the prognostic significance of IHC-detected metastases, the conflicting results of these 2 studies, and the real potential to cause more harm than good from the morbidity of the procedure, the application of unnecessary axillary dissection, and the use of unwarranted adjuvant systemic chemotherapy. These results should be used to generate hypotheses for clinical trials addressing these problems. However, SNB for DCIS remains investigational and should not be generally applied.
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Boileau, Jean-Francois, Brigitte Poirier, Mark Basik, et al. "Sentinel node biopsy after neoadjuvant therapy: Relevance of sentinel node micrometastases, isolated tumor cells, and value of immunohistochemistry." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 26_suppl (2013): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.26_suppl.52.

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52 Background: Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) is used in breast cancer patients that present with clinically negative nodes. In this setting, most guidelines do not support the use of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and recommend against completion node dissection (CND) when only isolated tumor cells (pN0(i+)) or micrometasases (pN1mi) are identified. When SNB is used after neoadjuvant therapy (NAT), the relevance of ypN0(i+) and ypN1mi sentinel nodes (SNs) and the value of IHC are not well established. The goals of this study are to determine if CND should be recommended in the presence of ypN0(i+) or ypN1mi SNs and if IHC should be used to evaluate SNs after NAT. Methods: From March 2009 to December 2012, 152 women with biopsy proven node positive breast cancer were accrued to the multicentric prospective SN FNAC trial. After NAT, SNB was followed by a CND in all participants. SNs were cut in serial slices no thicker than 2 mm. Hematoxylin and eosin stains (H and E) were done on all slices, and if negative, IHC was used. The size of the largest SN metastasis and the primary method of identification (H and E or IHC) were recorded. ypN0(i+), ypN1mi and ypN1 SNs were considered as positive. Pathology was centrally reviewed. Results: 145 women were eligible for the trial. Axillary pathologic complete response rate = 34% (49/145). SNB success rate = 88% (127/145). False negative rate = 8.4% (7/83). If ypN0(i+) SNs are classified as node negative, the false negative rate is increased to 13.3% (11/83). For patients with ypN0(i+) (n=7), ypN1mi (n=8) and ypN1 (n=61) SNs, the rates of non-SN involvement are 57%, 38% and 56% respectively (p=NS). 40% (27/68) of positive SNBs are primarily detected by IHC. This is increased to 64% (9/14) for the identification of SN metastases ≤ 2mm. Conclusions: After NAT, particularly when presenting with biopsy proven node positive breast cancer, patients with ypN0(i+) and ypN1mi SNs have a significant rate of non-SN involvement. In the absence of evidence to show that a CND can be safely avoided, efforts should be made to identify even minimal amounts of disease when SNBs are done following NAT. IHC is useful to increase the detection of small SN metastases in this setting. Clinical trial information: NCT00909441.
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Woelber, Linn, Simon A. Joosse, Donata Grimm, et al. "Correlation of Isotope Count With Sentinel Node Positivity in Vulvar Cancer." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 28, no. 7 (2018): 1403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/igc.0000000000001298.

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ObjectiveSentinel node biopsy (SNB) has become standard of care in early stage vulvar cancer. As the correlation of isotope count with the presence of metastases remains unclear, often several active nodes are excised per groin. This can result in increased morbidity in node-negative disease despite of SNB. In the current analysis, we assess whether resection of the hottest node could be sufficient to detect sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis.MethodsPatients with primary vulvar cancer receiving an SNB with radioactive tracer at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf between 2008 and 2015 were evaluated.ResultsA total of 145 patients with SNB were analyzed; thereof, 144 underwent bilateral SNB, resulting in 289 analyzed groins. A median of 2 SLNs (range, 1–7) per groin were removed. From 94 (32.5%) of 289 groins, more than 2 SLNs were excised. Median overall SLN isotope count was 1400 cps. In 50 groins, a positive SLN was detected (unilateral in 38 patients, bilateral in 6). The median number of positive SLN per groin was 1 (range, 1–4). The SLN with the highest isotope count carried metastases in 36 (78.3%) of 46 groins (in 4 cases, the highest count was unknown). In 10 (21.7%) of 46 positive groins, the SLN with the highest count was not the metastatic SLN (9/10 second highest count). Median count of these 10 SLN was 60% of the highest count with a range from 11.0% to 74.0%.ConclusionsThe highest isotope count does not reliably detect the positive SLN in vulvar cancer. To prevent mostly fatal groin recurrences, surgeons should continue to remove all SLN accumulating relevant radioactive tracer over background activity.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "SNB-9"

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Löschmann, Nadine [Verfasser]. "Untersuchung des CDK2, 7 und 9 Inhibitors SNS-032 in chemosensitiven und chemoresistenten Neuroblastomzellen / Nadine Löschmann." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1071801066/34.

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Ullström, Josefine, and Vendela Holmgren. "Prylar eller planetens överlevnad? : Om framställandet av samhällsfrågor med naturvetenskapligt innehåll i kemiläroböcker för mellan- och högstadiet." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, matematik och samhälle (NMS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-41467.

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Elevers intresse för skolämnet kemi sjunker mellan mellanstadiet och högstadiet. En pedagogisk arbetsform som kan verka motivationshöjande för elever är att utgå från samhällsfrågor med naturvetenskapligt innehåll [SNI] i undervisningen. Syftet med studien är därför att undersöka hur fall av SNI skrivs fram i läroböcker för kemi riktade till mellanstadiet och högstadiet. Lärobokstexterna analyseras utifrån en tematisk innehållsanalys för att se hur SNI skiljer sig mellan de olika stadierna, samt formas av innehållet. Resultaten visar att båda läroböckerna lyfter flera samhällsfrågor med naturvetenskapligt innehåll i form av intressekonflikter om samhällets användning av naturresurser. Dock ser vi att det saknas ekonomiska och politiska perspektiv i boken för mellanstadiet vilket hindrar etiska och ekonomiska diskussioner. Det leder till att det är otydligt vem som egentligen bär eller bör bära ansvar i dessa frågor, och eftersom texterna presenterar olika vanor som enskilda individer kan förändra uppfattas ansvaret ligga på dem. Däremot inkluderas ekonomiska och etiska perspektiv i högre grad i boken för högstadiet. I båda böckerna introduceras frågorna efter ämnesinnehållet, vilket går emot principen för SNI-baserat arbetssätt eftersom det är samhällsfrågan som ska styra kunskapsinhämtningen. Likaså överensstämmer inte de frågor som efterfrågar ett rätt svar med principerna för SNI. Men det finns också exempel på flertalet frågor där eleverna tränas i kritiskt tänkande, vilket är i enlighet med SNI-baserat arbetssätt. Undersökningen bidrar till att lyfta diskussioner kring kritisk granskning av läromedel och de synsätt som läroböcker ger uttryck för.
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Hung, Yu-Min, and 洪裕民. "Electromigration study of Sn-9 wt%Zn solder." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12183296653585378230.

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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>化學工程學系所<br>96<br>Removing Pb from the electronics has became a global trend and the traditional SnPb solder will soon be replaced. The Sn-9Zn (in wt.%) solder alloy is one of the potential candidates because it has a melting point (198.5℃) that is closer to that of the conventional eutectic SnPb solder (183℃). The subject of this study is to investigate the microstructural evolution of the Sn-9Zn solder under current stressing with a current density of about 105 A/cm2. Two different cooling conditions, furnace and fan cooling, were used in the reflow of the solder, and by which coarse and fine Zn precipitates were formed in the solder, respectively. After current stressing, Sn extrusion was observed, suggesting that Sn is the dominant moving species under electromigration. In contrast, Zn appeared to be immobile. It was also found that the microstructure of the solder had a significant effect on the electromigration behavior. For the solder with coarse Zn precipitates, more Sn extrusion sites were observed, and they were located not only at the anode side but also within the solder. Coarse Zn precipitates appeared to block Sn migration, thus Sn migration was intercepted in front of the Zn precipitates. The Sn atoms accumulated there, which led to its extrusion. The blocking effect was found to depend strongly on the size and orientation of the Zn precipitates. Effects of the addition of Bi and Cu into the Sn-9Zn solder on its electromigration behavior were also investigated. The solders used are Sn-8Zn-3Bi and Sn-9Zn-1Cu. In the Sn-8Zn-3Bi solder, Bi migrated ahead of Sn along with the electron toward the anode side under current stressing. The Sn-9Zn-1Cu solder displays a microstructure different from that of the Sn-9Zn solder because Cu reacts with Zn to form the CuZn5 and Cu5Zn8 compounds in the solder. After current stressing, voids were formed in the solder matrix and mainly surrounded the Cu-Zn compounds.
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Books on the topic "SNB-9"

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Carolyn, Houlden, Kaminski Mark, Toronto District School Board, and Toronto District School Board. Library and Learning Resources., eds. Grade 9 science (SNC 1D): Annotated resource list. Toronto District School Board, Library and Learning Resources, 2000.

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Keizai Kikakuchō Keizai Kenkyūjo (Japan). Kokumin Keizai Keisanbu. SNA sangyō renkanhyō (Heisei 2-nen kijun): Heisei 8-nen--9-nen : kokumin keizai keisan futai tokei. Keizai Kikakuchō Keizai Kenkyūjo Kokumin Keizai Keisanbu, 1999.

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Russia) Vserossiĭskiĭ simpozium "Amorfnye i mikrokristallicheskie poluprovodniki" (1998 (Saint-Petersburg. Amorfnye i mikrokristallicheskie poluprovodniki: Tezisy dokladov Vserossiĭskogo simpoziuma s uchastiem uchenykh iz stran SNG Sankt-Peterburg, 5-9 ii︠u︡li︠a︡ 1998 g. Possiĭskai︠a︡ Akademii︠a︡ nauk, Fiziko-tekhnicheskiĭ in-t im. A.F. Ioffe RAN, 1998.

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Riitta, Kuivasmäki, ed. Näkökulmia kansainväliseen nuorisokirjallisuuden tutkimukseen: SNI:n 9. tutkijakokouksen puheenvuoroja = International research in children's literature : presentations given at the 9th researcher meeting of the SNI. Suomen Nuorisokirjallisuuden Instituutti, 1987.

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N, Fili͡anova V., and Rossiĭskiĭ institut strategicheskikh issledovaniĭ, eds. Vtorai︠a︡ mirovai︠a︡ i Velikai︠a︡ Otechestvennai︠a︡ voĭny v uchebnikakh istorii stran SNG i ES: Problemy, podkhody, interpretat︠s︡ii : materialy mezhdunarodnoĭ konferent︠s︡ii (Moskva, 8-9 apreli︠a︡ 2010 goda). Rossiĭskiĭ institut strategicheskikh issledovaniĭ, 2010.

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Konferent͡sii͡a po nauchnym osnovam prigotovlenii͡a i tekhnologii katalizatorov Rossiĭskoĭ Federat͡sii i stran SNG (5th 2004 Omsk, Russia). V Rossiĭskai͡a konferent͡sii͡a s uchastiem stran SNG "Nauchnye osnovy prigotovlenii͡a i tekhnologii katalizatorov: IV Rossiĭskai͡a konferent͡sii͡a Problemy dezaktivat͡sii katalizatorov; 6-9 senti͡abri͡a 2004 g., g. Omsk : tezisy dokladov. In-t kataliza SO RAN, 2004.

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Zai︠a︡t︠s︡, N. E. Pravovye problemy zemelʹnoĭ i agrarnoĭ reformy v stranakh t︠s︡entralʹnoĭ i vostochnoĭ Evropy, Rosii, Belarusi, Ukraine i drugikh stranakh SNG, gosudarstvakh Baltii: Tezisy dokladov Mezhdunarodnogo kongressa, Minsk, 9-10 senti︠a︡bri︠a︡ 1999 goda. Belorusskiĭ gos. ėkon. universitet, 1999.

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(Indonesia), Dewan Standardisasi Nasional. Salinan keputusan Menteri Negara Riset dan Teknologi/Ketua Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi selaku Ketua Dewan Standardisasi Nasional nomor 472/IV.2.06/HK.01.04/9/92 tentang perubahan nomor-nomor SNI lama disesuaikan dengan keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia nomor 12 tahun 1991. Dewan Standardisasi Nasional, 1992.

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Pandula, Vladimír. Přehled platných právních předpisů České Republiky, Slovenské Republiky: Vyhlášených ve Sbírce zákonů, Sbírce zákonů SNR, v Úředním listu, v Úředním věstníku (1945-1992), ve Sbírce zákonů ČR a ve Sbírce zákonů SR (1993) v době od 9. května 1945 do 31. prosince 1993. Linde, 1994.

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Notebook, Funnyz, and Funnyz Notebook. Notebook: Snu Snu , Journal for Writing, College Ruled Size 6 X 9 , 110 Pages. Independently Published, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "SNB-9"

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Xu, Zhenfeng, and Yixuan Wang. "Understanding Electrocatalytic Activity Enhancement of Bimetallic Particles to Ethanol Electro-Oxidation: Ethanol Adsorption and Decomposition on PtnM (n=6 and 9; M=Pt, Ru, and Sn)." In ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2013-1133.ch008.

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Muhammad Khan, Waqas, and Wiqar Hussain Shah. "Hybrid Nature Properties of Tl10-xATe6 (A = Pb and Sn) Used as Batteries in Chalcogenide System." In Energy Storage Battery Systems - Fundamentals and Applications. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95390.

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In future, the most common batteries will be the thallium. As there is many types of batteries but the thallium batteries are better from them. In here, we have made the compound which is more positive work than the other batteries. The different elements are doping in the tellurium telluride to determine the different properties like electrical and thermal properties of nanoparticles. The chalcogenide nanoparticles can be characteristics by the doping of the different metals which are like the holes. We present the effects of Pb and Sn doping on the electrical and thermoelectric properties of Tellurium Telluride Tl10-xPbxTe6 and Tl10-xSnxTe6 (x = 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75, 2.00) respectively, which were prepared by solid state reactions in an evacuated sealed silica tubes. Structurally, all these compounds were found to be phase pure as confirmed by the x-rays diffractometery (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The thermo-power or Seebeck co-efficient (S) was measured for all these compounds which show that S increases with increasing temperature from 295 to 550 K. The Seebeck coefficient is positive for the whole temperature range, showing p-type semiconductor characteristics. Similarly the electrical conductivity (σ) and the power factors have also complex behavior with Pb and Sn concentrations. The power factor (PF = S2σ) observed for Tl10-xPbxTe6 and Tl10-xSnxTe6 compounds are increases with increase in the whole temperature range (290 K–550 K) studied here. Telluride’s are narrow band-gap semiconductors, with all elements in common oxidation states, according to (Tl+)9(Pb3+)(Te2−)6 and (Tl+)9(Sn3+)(Te2−)6. Phases range were investigated and determined with different concentration of Pb and Sn with consequents effects on electrical and thermal properties.
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"9 Electrophysiological Findings in STN and SNr." In Microelectrode Recording in Movement Disorder Surgery, edited by Zvi Israel and Kim J. Burchiel. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/b-0034-56099.

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Gibbs, Nick. "Conclusion." In The Muscle Trade. Policy Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529227949.003.0012.

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The book’s conclusion attempts to weave together the various themes that dominate the work, cohering around three undergirding sections: Why use IPEDs?; Potsford’s local closed market structure; and market trajectory: commercialization and SNS supply. Chapters 4 to 7 are drawn upon to present a multi-layered theorization as to why the men under study were drawn towards image and performance enhancing drugs. Building out from a psychoanalytical account of bodily desire, to include meso and macro factors such as sporting and occupational context, the role of pleasure and lifestyle, and will-to-recognition on social media, the chapter offers some much-needed nuance to the question of motivation. Potsford’s offline market is then summarized, drawing heavily on Chapter 9. This is then woven into the final section, which reiterates the growth and development of the IPED market, bringing together Chapters 9, 10, and 11 to present a dual space of traditional offline, culturally embedded supply, alongside a burgeoning online market catering to an evolving consumer base. The chapter, and book, are drawn to a close with a number of recommendations for future research and policy implementation.
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Cuthbert, Jim, and Margaret Cuthbert. "Chapter 9 SNP Economic Strategy: Neo-Liberalism with a Heart." In The Modern SNP. Edinburgh University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780748642113-010.

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Taber, Douglass. "New Methods for the Stereoselective Construction of N-Containing Rings." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764549.003.0053.

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Several methods have been reported for the stereocontrolled preparation of pyrrolidine and piperidine derivatives. Alison J. Frontier of the University of Rochester has observed (Organic Lett. 2007, 9, 4939) that hydrogenation of acyl pyrroles such as 1 gave good control not just around the ring, but also on the sidechain. Chi-Ming Che of the University of Hong Kong has devised ( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 5828) a catalyst that converted amides such as 3 into the cyclized product 4, also with high diastereocontrol. Jean Ollivier of the Université de Paris-Sud, following the Sato procedure, has applied (Tetrahedron Lett. 2007, 48, 8765) the Kulinkovich reaction to allylated amino acid esters such as 5 , to give, after Fe-mediated fragmentation, the enantiomerically-pure piperidone 7 . Richard C. Hartley of the University of Glasgow has reported (J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 10287) what are, remarkably, the first examples of the aza-Petasis-Ferrier reaction, converting an ester such as 9, by carbonyl methylenation followed by Mannich cyclization, into the piperidone 10. Procedures for catalytic enantioselective C-N ring construction have also been developed. Armando Córdova of Stockholm University has shown (Tetrahedron Lett . 2007, 48, 8695) that condensation of 11 with 12 led to 14, which on reduction and hydrolysis delivered the 3-aryl proline 15. In an even simpler case, Santos Fustero of the Universidad de Valencia found (Organic Lett. 2007, 9, 5283) that the aldehyde 16 could cyclize to 17 with high ee. In a different approach (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 14811), William E. Greenberg and Chi-Huey Wong of Scripps/La Jolla harnessed the power of an enzyme to mediate the addition of 19 to 18, leading to the pyrrolidine 21 . Daniel P. Furkert of the University of Bath has applied (Organic Lett. 2007, 9, 3769) the powerful Itsuno-Corey reduction to the piperidone 22, leading, after SN2’ displacement, to the alkene 23. To construct larger rings, Barry M. Trost of Stanford University has employed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 6123) his powerful Pd catalyst to effect opening of the racemic aziridine 24, leading, after metathesis, to the amine 27.
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Ruiz Castellano, María, Iván Méndez López, Ana Mariñelarena Huarriz, Marta Pulido Fontes, Estrella Petrina Jáuregui, and Carlos Ibero Esparza. "La atención hospitalaria de Navarra en respuesta a la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. Hospitalización a domicilio del Hospital Universitario de Navarra en la respuesta a la pandemia por COVID-19." In Analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic in Navarra. Gobierno de Navarra, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23938/spas08.050303.

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La hospitalización a domicilio (HAD) es una alternativa asistencial del Área de Salud de Pamplona consistente en un modelo organizativo capaz de dispensar a pacientes en su propio domicilio un conjunto de actividades y cuidados sanitarios con complejidad, intensidad y duración comparables a los de una hospitalización convencional cuando todavía precisan de una vigilancia activa y una asistencia compleja. Ante el incremento progresivo de ingresos en el Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN) y las previsiones existentes para las siguientes semanas, el lunes 9 de marzo de 2020 se decide crear dentro de la unidad de HAD del HUN una unidad específica centrada en COVID-19 y que, por tanto, entra en el dispositivo de atención a los pacientes con infección por COVID-19. Debido al incremento progresivo en el número de ingresos hospitalarios, el día 26 de marzo el Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea (SNS-O) decide medicalizar el hotel Iruña Park con el objetivo de incrementar el número de camas hospitalarias disponibles. En este documento se expone la actividad realizada en las tres primeras olas por la unidad de HAD del HUN en la atención domiciliaria y en la primera ola en el hotel medicalizado.
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Muhammad Khan, Waqas, and Wiqar Hussain Shah. "Thermoelectricity Properties of Tl10-x ATe6 (A = Pb) in Chalcogenide System." In Thermoelectricity - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94487.

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The different elements are doping in the tellurium telluride to determine the different properties like electrical and thermal properties of nanoparticles. The chalcogenide nanoparticles can be characteristics by the doping of the different metals which are like the holes. We present the effects of Pb doping on the electrical and thermoelectric properties of Tellurium Telluride Tl10-xPbxTe6 (x = 1.000, 1.250, 1.500, 1.750, 2.000) respectively, which were prepared by solid state reactions in an evacuated sealed silica tubes. Structurally, all these compounds were found to be phase pure as confirmed by the x-rays diffractometery (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The thermo-power or Seebeck co-efficient (S) was measured for all these compounds which show that S increases with increasing temperature from 295 to 550 K. The Seebeck coefficient is positive for the whole temperature range, showing p-type semiconductor characteristics. Similarly, the electrical conductivity (σ) and the power factors have also complex behavior with Pb and Sn concentrations. The power factor (PF=S2σ) observed for Tl10-xPbxTe6 compounds are increases with increase in the whole temperature range (290 K-550 K) studied here. Telluride’s are narrow band-gap semiconductors, with all elements in common oxidation states, according to (Tl+) 9 (Pb3+)(Te2−)6. Phases range were investigated and determined with different concentration of Pb and Sn with consequents effects on electrical and thermal properties.
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9

Taber, Douglass F. "Alkaloid Synthesis: Indolizidine 223AB (Cha), Lepadiformine (Kim), Kainic Acid (Fukuyama), Gephyrotoxin (Smith), Premarineosin A (Reynolds)." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190646165.003.0059.

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Jin Kun Cha of Wayne State University prepared (Org. Lett. 2014, 16, 6208) the allene 1 by SN2′ coupling of a cyclopropanol with a propargylic tosylate. Silver-mediated cyclization converted 1 into 2, that was reduced with diimide to the Dendrobates alka­loid indolizidine 223AB 3. Sanghee Kim of Seoul National University observed (Chem. Eur. J. 2014, 20, 17433) high diastereoselectivity in the Ireland–Claisen rearrangement of 4 to 5. The acid 5 was the key intermediate for the synthesis of the tunicate alkaloid lepadiformine 6. Tohru Fukuyama of Nagoya University also used (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2014, 4823) an ester enolate Claisen rearrangement to set the relative and absolute configuration of 7. Pd-catalyzed cyclization then led to 8, that was carried on to the excitatory amino acid receptor agonist kainic acid 9. Gephyrotoxin 12 was so named because it incorporates structural elements from two different classes of the Dendrobates alkaloids. Martin D. Smith of the University of Oxford envisioned (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 13826) the cascade cyclization of deprotected 10 to give, after reduction, the ketone 11. Zhen Yang of the Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School showed (Chem. Eur. J. 2014, 20, 12881) that the Rh carbene derived from 13 readily cyclized to an imine. The facial selectivity of the addition of the Grignard reagent 14 to that imine depended on the temperature of the reaction. At room temperature, 15 was formed. At low temperature, the other diastereomer predominated. Ring-closing metathesis was used for the elaboration of 15 to the Stemona alkaloid tuberostemospiroline 16. Kevin A. Reynolds of Portland State University prepared (J. Org. Chem. 2014, 79, 11674) 19 by condensation of the pyrrole 17 with the aldehyde 18. The biosyn­thetic enzyme, that they had overexpressed, oxidized 19 to the antimalarial alkaloid permarineosin A 20.
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Taber, Douglass. "Synthesis of Dysiherbaine (Hatakeyama), Jerangolid D (Markó) and ( + )-Spirolaxine Me Ether (Trost)." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764549.003.0049.

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Several new developments in enantioselective C-O ring construction have been applied in the syntheses of natural products. To achieve control, the oxygenated quaternary center of dysiherbaine 9 must be established under kinetic conditions. One approach would be SN2 opening, but this would require displacement at a fully-substituted center. Susumi Hatakeyama of Nagasaki University has shown (Chem. Commun. 2007, 4158) that the epoxide 6, prepared by the Sharpless procedure, undergoes just such an opening under mild acid catalysis. Another approach to highly-substituted tetrahydrofurans and tetrahydropyrans is to join two carbons of a preformed chiral ether, such as 18. This is the strategy that István E. Markó employed in his recent (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 3516) synthesis of jerangolid D 22. The key step was the three-component coupling of 15, 16, and 17, using a protocol recently developed in his group. Again using a procedure his group had developed, the trisubstituted alkene of 21 was prepared by modified Julia coupling of the ketone 19 with the anion of sulfone 20, followed be esterification and reduction. The spiroketal ( + )-spiroxaline methyl ether 31 contains three secondary oxygenated stereogenic centers. In a showcase of current chiral technology, Barry M. Trost of Stanford University constructed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 7664) the first two of the three alcohols by the enantioselective addition of an alkyne to an aldehyde. The chiral catalyst 25 that directed the alkyne additions was derived from a commercial ligand. The last alcohol center was derived from R -( + )-epoxypropane. Note that the spiroketal was not prepared in the usual way, by acid-catalyzed cyclization of a dihydroxy ketone, but by Pd-catalyzed cyclization of the alkyne diol 30.
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Conference papers on the topic "SNB-9"

1

Krebs, Abram, H. B. Wang, M. Gopal, and W. P. Jepson. "Corrosion Monitoring Using Electrochemical Noise Measurement with Bias Voltage." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00429.

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Abstract This paper presents the experimental results for CO2 corrosion of C-1018 carbon steel in a multiphase flow system using electrochemical noise measurement. A unique biased ZRA mode electrochemical noise technique is utilized to study the corrosion processes and detect localized corrosion preferentially on a single electrode due to external polarization of the bias voltage under extended exposure times. For full pipe flow at 0.55 m/s liquid velocity, the experimental results show that both noise resistance Rn and noise impedance R°sn can be related to the corrosion activity. The trends of Rn and R°sn at different experimental times are also consistent with the results obtained from EIS experiments. The experimental results at slug flow of Froude Numbers of 6 and 9 show that the magnitude of current noise increases with the increase of flow turbulence, Compared to slug flow, the current noise fluctuation for full pipe flow is much lower.
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Shao, Shuyan, Jian Liu, Giuseppe Portale, et al. "Sn-based Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells with 9% Efficiency." In 3rd International Conference on Perovskite Thin Film Photovoltaics, Photonics and Optoelectronics. Fundació Scito, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.abxpvperopto.2018.059.

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Bottrill, K. R. H., N. Taengnoi, H. Liu, and P. Petropoulos. "Mid-Span Pump Phase Shift Applied to WDM Wavelength Conversion for the Suppression of FWM Crosstalk." In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Optica Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2023.th1b.3.

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We apply mid-span pump-phase shifting to the wavelength conversion of a 9 channel WDM band in order to suppress inter-channel nonlinear crosstalk. SNR improvements between 3-6dB are observed through the use of the technique.
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Vandevelde, Bart, Chinmay Nawghane, Riet Labie, Ralph Lauwaert, and Daniel Werkhoven. "Enhanced Processability and Thermal Fatigue Reliability With Low Melting Point SnBi Solder Alloy LMPA-Q." In ASME 2021 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2021-73456.

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Abstract SnBi based solder alloys become an interesting alternative for standard SnAgCu as they can be used to solder components at much lower temperature. The typically 50°C lower solder reflow temperature is less damaging for PCB and components, and also prevents hot tear and head-in-pillow failures for large fine pitch BGA components. A reasonable concern for these low-melting temperature solders is the thermal cycling reliability performance, in particular for harsh conditions such as automotive products. In this work, thermal cycling testing and failure analysis have been performed on 9 × 9 mm size QFN components and large chip components (2010 and 2512) which are typically sensitive to thermal fatigue. The results are benchmarked to standard SAC alloy. Also the process advantages from the low temperature solder alloys are depicted in this paper. Finally, the effect of Pb contamination on this SnBi based solder is investigated.
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Mamutse, Janet, Dattadewi Purwantini, Agus Susanto, and Akhmad Sodiq. "Determining the Polymorphism of V397I SNP of Growth Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF9) gene in Indonesian Saanen Goats." In International Conference on Improving Tropical Animal Production for Food Security (ITAPS 2021). Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.220309.032.

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Barros, André dos Santos, Clarissa Barros da Cruz, Amauri Garcia, and Noé Cheung. "MICROESTRUTURA DE SOLIDIFICAÇÃO E COMPORTAMENTO DE CORROSÃO DA LIGA TERNÁRIA AL-9%SN-5%ZN." In 50° Seminário de Aciaria, Fundição e Metalurgia de Não-Ferrosos. Editora Blucher, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/2594-5300-33703.

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Ardianto, Aditya, Siti Humaida, and Irma Wardati. "Pengaruh Cara Pengeringan Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) Pada Penyulingan Terhadap Hasil Minyak Nilam." In Implementasi IPTEKS Sub Sektor Perkebunan Pendukung Devisa Negara dan Ketahanan Energi Indonesia. AGROPROSS, National Conference Proceedings of Agriculture, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/agropross.2019.139.

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Minyak atsiri yang diperoleh dari penyulingan tanaman nilam disebut minyak nilam. Minyak nilam berperan penting dalam industri pewangi dan kosmetika sebagai bahan baku. Indonesia setiap tahun memasok 70% - 90% kebutuhan dunia. Petani khawatir terhadap harga minyak nilam yang fluktuatif. Perlu upaya peningkatan rendemen minyak nilam guna menekan harga pokok produksi sehingga resiko kerugian dapat diminimalisir. Alternatif meningkatkan rendemen adalah memperbaiki cara pengeringan nilam. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan cara pengeringan nilam dan mengetahui perlakuan yang memberikan hasil terbaik terhadap minyak nilam. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Penelitian dan Pengembangan PT. Tarutama Nusantara mulai bulan September sampai Oktober 2018. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non faktorial. Fakor yang digunakan yaitu perbedaan cara pengeringan dengan 6 taraf yang terdiri dari kering angin selama 9 hari (P0), kering matahari selama 1 jam diikuti kering angin selama 9 hari (P1), kering matahari selama 2 jam diikuti kering angin selama 9 hari (P2), kering matahari selama 3 jam diikuti kering angin selama 9 hari (P3), kering matahari selama 4 jam diikuti kering angin selama 9 hari (P4), kering matahari selama 5 jam diikuti kering angin selama 9 hari (P5) dan 4 ulangan menggunakan penyulingan metode uap dan air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan berpengaruh nyata terhadap rendemen bahan dan berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap kadar air, volume minyak, berat minyak dan rendemen minyak nilam. Minyak nilam berwarna kuning dan kadar patchuoli alkohol semua perlakuan di atas 30% sehingga sesuai dengan SNI. Perlakuan terbaik adalah P5.
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Lake, William H. "A Standard for Storage and Transport of Damaged Spent Nuclear Fuel." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1623.

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The paper provides background on the Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s April 1984, Director’s Decision on failed and damaged spent fuel, DD-84-9. Examples of damaged fuel transports and the recently issued NRC interim staff guidance on damaged SNF, ISG-1, are discussed. These preliminary topics form the basis for discussion of the need, development and status of an American National Standards Institute standard, ANSI N14.33, for damaged spent fuel.
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Sakai, Asao, Hideharu Kimura, Takashi Sone, Tohru Ohmori, Kazuo Kasahara, and Masaki Fujimura. "Abstract 3515: Gefitinib-resistant cell line derived from PC-9 has high sensitivity to SN-38." In Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am10-3515.

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Niu, Baohua, Grace Mei Ee Khoo, Yuan-Chuan Steven Chen, Fernando Chapman, Dan Bockelman, and Tom Tong. "Laser Logic State Imaging (LLSI)." In ISTFA 2014. ASM International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2014p0065.

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Abstract Logic State Imaging (LSI) using Infra-Red Emission Microscopy (IREM) [1-4] has been an indispensable technology for silicon CMOS process development and product debug applications. Its main limitations are relatively poor spatial resolution due to the broadband near-infrared photons emitted, and poor Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) with low voltage and low leakage processes and products. Continuous-Wave Laser Scanning Microscope (CW-LSM) based Signal Imaging and Probing (CW-SIP) [5-9] technology is also widely used. It features inherently better spatial resolution than IREM, due to the use of monochromatic 1319nm or 1064nm laser light, and high SNR due to its weaker dependence on voltage and leakage, and, for signal imaging applications, the use of narrow band detection to reduce noise. However, CW-SIP can only detect modulating signals, so it couldn’t previously be applied to LSI. In this paper, we introduce an innovative approach that overcomes this limitation to enable Laser Logic State Imaging (LLSI). Actual fault isolation and design debug cases using this technology are presented to show its advantages in terms of resolution (&amp;gt;50% better), SNR (&amp;gt;2X better) and throughput time improvement, especially at low voltages (down to 500mV).
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Reports on the topic "SNB-9"

1

Dennis W. Powers. Basic Data Report for Drillhole SNL-9 (C-2950). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/876691.

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Rivera León, Lorena, Jacques Mairesse, and Robin Cowan. Gender Gaps and Scientific Productivity in Middle-Income Countries: Evidence from Mexico. Inter-American Development Bank, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011791.

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This paper provides evidence of the existence and determinants of the publication productivity gender gap in Mexico at the individual level, and its consequences for the Mexican scientific system and productivity at both the individual discipline and the aggregate levels. The paper specifies and performs a panel data econometric analysis based on a sample of Mexican researchers who are members of the National System of Researchers (SNI) of Mexico in the period 2002-13. It corrects for a selectivity bias: the existence of periods with no (or low-quality) publications, and endogeneity bias: promotion to higher academic ranks. It defines and implements counterfactual simulations to assess the magnitude of macro-impacts of existing gender gaps and illustrate the potential effects of a range of policy scenarios. The results show no significant gender gaps for an average SNI researcher. Moreover, after correcting for endogeneity and selectivity biases, the study finds that the average female researcher in public universities is around 8 percent more productive than her male peers, with most of the observed productivity being explained by gender differentials in the propensity to have periods of no (or low) quality publication. Barriers to promotion to higher academic ranks are highest among females in public research centers (PRCs). The study's macro scenarios on promotion practices, selectivity, collaboration, and age show that eliminating gender gaps would increase aggregate productivity by an average of 7 percent for university women and 9 percent for women in research centers.
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สุขในศิลป์, สุทธิศักดิ์, สุวรรณา สุภิมารส, กัลยา เลาหสงคราม, สายวรุฬ ชัยวานิชศิริ та รมณี สงวนดีกุล. การพัฒนาผลิตภัณฑ์นมแพะสู่ชุมชน : การศึกษาสมบัติพื้นฐานทางด้านเคมี กายภาพ และจุลชีววิทยา ของน้ำนมแพะจากแหล่งต่างๆ : รายงานการวิจัยฉบับสมบูรณ์. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2007. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2007.49.

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แพะเป็นสัตว์ที่เลี้ยงง่าย ใช้พื้นที่ในการเลี้ยงน้อย ขยายพันธุ์ได้รวดเร็ว ทำให้ต้นทุนการเลี้ยงต่ำ และยังได้รับการส่งเสริมจากภาครัฐ จึงได้รับความสนใจจากเกษตรกรในการเลี้ยงเพิ่มขึ้น โดยเฉพาะการเลี้ยงเพื่อรีดน้ำนม และนำน้ำนมแพะมาแปรรูปเป็นผลิตภัณฑ์ต่าง ๆ แต่เนื่องจากชุมชนยังขาดข้อมูลพื้นฐานเกี่ยวกับน้ำนมแพะ และขาดความรู้ในการแปรรูป ทำให้ผลิตภัณฑ์ที่ผลิตได้มีคุณภาพไม่ได้มาตรฐาน จึงทำให้ผลิตภัณฑ์นมแพะของชุมชนยังไม่ประสบความสำเร็จ โดยเฉพาะการพัฒนาผลิตภัณฑ์ให้มีความหลายหลายและเหมาะสม ทั้งๆ ที่น้ำนมแพะมีคุณค่าทางโภชนาการที่ดี และร่างกายสามารถดูดซึมไปใช้ประโยชน์ได้ง่ายและรวดเร็ว งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาสมบัติพื้นฐานของน้ำนมแพะที่เลี้ยงในประเทศไทย ทั้งทางด้านเคมี กายภาพและจุลชีววิทยา เพื่อนำข้อมูลที่ได้ไปใช้พัฒนาผลิตภัณฑ์นมแพะ โดยทำการสำรวจและรวบรวมข้อมูลเกี่ยวกับเกษตรกรผู้เลี้ยงแพะนมทั่วประเทศ แล้วคัดเลือกเพื่อลงพื้นที่สัมภาษณ์เชิงลึกเพื่อเก็บข้อมูลเกี่ยวกับการเลี้ยงแพะในแต่ละฟาร์มและเก็บตัวอย่างน้ำนมแพะของทั้ง 9 เขต เขตละอย่างน้อย 1 จังหวัด จำนวน 36 ฟาร์ม ในระหว่างเดือนกันยายน 2550 ถึงเดือนกุมภาพันธ์ 2551 พบว่าเกษตรกรส่วนใหญ่เลี้ยงแพะนมมานานประมาณ 5-9 ปี และกว่าครึ่งจะเลี้ยงเป็นอาชีพหลัก โดยมีประสบการณ์หรือเคยเลี้ยงสัตว์อื่นมาก่อน ขนาดของฟาร์มแพะนมส่วนใหญ่จะอยู่ในช่วง 10-50 ตัว พันธุ์แพะที่นิยมเลี้ยงคือพันธุ์ซาแนนและซาแนนลูกผสม โดยเลี้ยงแบบขังคอกยกพื้น อาหารข้นที่ให้แพะนมกินส่วนใหญ่จะใช้อาหารสำเร็จรูปของบริษัท ที่นิยมคืออาหารข้น CP สูตร 16 ให้กินวันละ 1-2 มื้อ ส่วนอาหารหยาบที่เกษตรกรให้แพะนมกินส่วนใหญ่จะเป็นอาหารที่หาได้ในท้องถิ่น เช่น หญ้าชนิดต่างๆ ทั้งสดและแห้ง โดยให้วันละ 1-3 มื้อ หลังแม่แพะคลอดลูก เกษตรจะเว้นระยะก่อนรีดนมประมาณ 15-30 วัน และส่วนใหญ่จะรีดวันละครั้งในตอนเช้า ซึ่งทุกครั้งก่อนรีดนมเกษตรกรจะทำความสะอาดเต้านมโดยนิยมใช้คลอรีนและเดทตอล เกษตรกรส่วนใหญ่จะรีดนมด้วยมือลงในขวดปากแคบ โดยจะได้น้ำนมประมาณ 1-2 กิโลกรัมต่อตัวต่อวัน โดยมากเกษตรกรจะขายน้ำนมแพะในรูปน้ำนมดิบ แต่มีเพียง 44.44% ที่น้ำนมแพะมาแปรรูปเป็นน้ำนมพาสเจอไรซ์ ตัวอย่างที่เก็บจากฟาร์มของแต่ละพื้นที่จำนวนรวม 36 ตัวอย่างจะนำมาวิเคราะห์ทางด้านต่าง ๆ คือ ด้านเคมี พบว่า น้ำนมแพะมีปริมาณไขมัน 4.22 +- 1% โปรตีน 3.44 +- 0.38% น้ำตาลแลคโตส 4.21 +- 0.59% Fatty acid profile ของน้ำนมแพะพบว่ามีกรดไขมัน palmitic acid(C16:0) มากที่สุด รองลงมาเป็นกรดไขมัน oleic acid (C18:1) โดยมีกรดไขมันสายขนาดกลางประมาณ 20-30% มีปริมาณ Free fatty acid ต่ำกว่า 0.10 Uequiv/mL ค่า pH เฉลี่ย 6.61+-0.22 ปริมาณเถ้าเฉลี่ย (ash) 0.84+-0.07% Amino acid profile ของน้ำนมแพะในประเทศไทยจะมีกรดอะมิโนต่าง ๆ ใกล้เคียงกับน้ำนมแพะที่มีการรายงานไว้ ยกเว้น leucine lysine และ phenylalanine มีค่าสูงกว่า และกรดอะมิโน threonine มีค่าต่ำกว่า ส่วนวิตามินเอ วิตามินบีสอง วิตามินดี และ แคลเซียมในน้ำนมแพะ มีค่าเฉลี่ย 45.03+-20.46 Ug/100ml 0.15+-0.05 mg/100ml ต่ำกว่า 0.10Ug/100ml และ 130+-18mg/100g ตามลำดับ ส่วนทางด้านกายภาพ พบว่า น้ำนมแพะมีขนาดอนุภาคไขมันเฉลี่ย 3.327+-0.583 ไมโครเมตร ปริมาณของแข็งไม่รวมไขมัน (SNF) 8.77+-0.62% ของแข็งทั้งหมด (TS) 13.00+-1.16% จุดเยือกแข็ง -0.576+-0.028 [degrees Celsius] Density 1.029+-0.002 กรัม/ลบ.ซม. Colour (L,a,b) มีค่าไม่แตกต่างกันแต่ละตัวอย่าง และทางด้านจุลชีววิทยา พบว่า ปริมาณแบคทีเรียทั้งหมดในน้ำนมแพะมีค่าเฉลี่ย log 4.75+-1.31 cfu/mL ส่วนปริมาณแบคทีเรียโคลิฟอร์ม ส่วนใหญ่จะพบอยู่ในช่วง 0-50 cfu/mL และปริมาณแบคทีเรียกลุ่มทนร้อนส่วนใหญ่ประมาณ 92% จะมีจำนวนต่ำกว่า 50 cfu/mL สำหรับ Escherichia coll นั้นทุกตัวอย่างตรวจไม่พบ นอกจากนี้เมื่อตรวจสารปฏิชีวะตกค้างในน้ำนมแพะ พบว่าทุกตัวอย่างตรวจไม่พบสารปฏิชีวะนะตกค้างในระดับที่จะวัดได้
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4

Li, Li, Joseph Burger, Nurit Katzir, Yaakov Tadmor, Ari Schaffer, and Zhangjun Fei. Characterization of the Or regulatory network in melon for carotenoid biofortification in food crops. United States Department of Agriculture, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7594408.bard.

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The general goals of the BARD research grant US-4423-11 are to understand how Or regulates carotenoid accumulation and to reveal novel strategies for breeding agricultural crops with enhanced β-carotene level. The original objectives are: 1) to identify the genes and proteins in the Or regulatory network in melon; 2) to genetically and molecularly characterize the candidate genes; and 3) to define genetic and functional allelic variation of these genes in a representative germplasm collection of the C. melo species. Or was found by the US group to causes provitamin A accumulation in chromoplasts in cauliflower. Preliminary genetic study from the Israeli group revealed that the melon Or gene (CmOr) completely co-segregated with fruit flesh color in a segregating mapping population and in a wide melon germplasm collection, which set the stage for the funded research. Major conclusions and achievements include: 1). CmOris proved to be the gene that controls melon fruit flesh color and represents the previously described gflocus in melon. 2). Genetic and molecular analyses of CmOridentify and confirm a single SNP that is responsible for the orange and non-orange phenotypes in melon fruit. 3). Alteration of the evolutionarily conserved arginine in an OR protein to both histidine or alanine greatly enhances its ability to promote carotenoid accumulation. 4). OR promotes massive carotenoid accumulation due to its dual functions in regulating both chromoplast biogenesis and carotenoid biosynthesis. 5). A bulk segregant transcriptome (BSRseq) analysis identifies a list of genes associated with the CmOrregulatory network. 6). BSRseq is proved to be an effective approach for gene discovery. 7). Screening of an EMS mutation library identifies a low β mutant, which contains low level of carotenoids due to a mutation in CmOrto produce a truncated form of OR protein. 8). low β exhibits lower germination rate and slow growth under salt stress condition. 9). Postharvest storage of fruit enhances carotenoid accumulation, which is associated with chromoplast development. Our research uncovers the molecular mechanisms underlying the Or-regulated high level of carotenoid accumulation via regulating carotenoidbiosynthetic capacity and storage sink strength. The findings provide mechanistic insights into how carotenoid accumulation is controlled in plants. Our research also provides general and reliable molecular markers for melon-breeding programs to select orange varieties, and offers effective genetic tools for pro-vitamin A enrichment in other important crops via the rapidly developed genome editing technology. The newly discovered low β mutant could lead to a better understanding of the Or gene function and its association with stress response, which may explain the high conservation of the Or gene among various plant species.
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