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Journal articles on the topic 'SNOM characterization'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Zhu, Qianqian, Rui Zhou, Jun Liu, Jianzhong Sun, and Qianqian Wang. "Recent Progress on the Characterization of Cellulose Nanomaterials by Nanoscale Infrared Spectroscopy." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (2021): 1353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051353.

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Researches of cellulose nanomaterials have seen nearly exponential growth over the past several decades for versatile applications. The characterization of nanostructural arrangement and local chemical distribution is critical to understand their role when developing cellulose materials. However, with the development of current characterization methods, the simultaneous morphological and chemical characterization of cellulose materials at nanoscale resolution is still challenging. Two fundamentally different nanoscale infrared spectroscopic techniques, namely atomic force microscope based infr

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2

Schoenmaker, J., M. S. Lancarotte, A. C. Seabra, Y. Souche, and A. D. Santos. "Magnetic characterization of microscopic particles by MO-SNOM." Journal of Microscopy 214, no. 1 (2004): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-2720.2004.01303.x.

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Griesing, S., A. Englisch, and U. Hartmann. "Fabrication and SNOM characterization of plasmon-optical elements." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 61 (March 1, 2007): 364–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/61/1/073.

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4

Barrio, J., T. P. J. Han, J. Lamela, et al. "SNOM characterization of unmetalized and gold metalized DVD corrugated structures." Physics Procedia 8 (2010): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2010.10.029.

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5

Dorozhkin, P., E. Kuznetsov, A. Schokin, S. Timofeev, and V. Bykov. "AFM + Raman Microscopy + SNOM + Tip-Enhanced Raman: Instrumentation and Applications." Microscopy Today 18, no. 6 (2010): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929510000982.

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Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has developed into a very powerful tool for characterization of surfaces and nanoscale objects. Many physical properties of an object can be studied by AFM with nanometer-scale resolution. Local stiffness, elasticity, conductivity, capacitance, magnetization, surface potential and work function, friction, piezo response—these and many other physical properties can be studied with over 30 AFM modes. What is typically lacking in information provided by AFM studies is the chemical composition of the sample and information about its crystal structure. To obtain this i

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6

Ustione, A., A. Cricenti, Francesca Bonfigli, et al. "SNOM characterization of micro-radiographs stored in lithium fluoride thin films." physica status solidi (c) 2, no. 12 (2005): 4083–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssc.200562204.

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7

Cricenti, A., G. Longo, M. Luce, et al. "AFM and SNOM characterization of carboxylic acid terminated silicon and silicon nitride surfaces." Surface Science 544, no. 1 (2003): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6028(03)00999-3.

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8

Rao, Vaishnavi J., Maik Matthiesen, Katelyn P. Goetz, et al. "AFM-IR and IR-SNOM for the Characterization of Small Molecule Organic Semiconductors." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 124, no. 9 (2020): 5331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b11056.

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9

Schmidt, Ute, Wei Liu, David Steinmetz, Thomas Dieing, and Olaf Hollricher. "Multimodal Low-Dimensional Materials Characterization with Correlative Microscopy: Raman-PL-FLIM-AFM-SNOM-SEM." Microscopy and Microanalysis 22, S3 (2016): 224–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927616001975.

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10

Schoenmaker, J., M. Pojar, A. D. Barra-Barrera, A. C. Seabra, and A. D. Santos. "Chemical Etching Tip Processing for Magneto-Optical Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 11, S03 (2005): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927605050798.

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Nanoscale resolution in microscopy characterization has become crucial for state-of-the-art science and technology. We have developed a Magneto-optical Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscope (MO-SNOM), and it has demonstrated to be a powerful tool to study local magnetic properties [1,2]. One of the critical steps in producing a reliable instrument and consistent images is the fabrication of the microscope tip. This work presents concepts and results on tip processing by chemical etching on FS-SN-3224 optical fibers from 3M. The quality of the tips produced was tested on magnetic multilayers p

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11

Pompeo, Giuliano, Giovanni Longo, Marco Girasole, et al. "AFM and SNOM characterization of ordinary chondrites: A contribution to solving the problem of asteroid reddening." physica status solidi (b) 247, no. 8 (2010): 2061–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.200983936.

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Andolfi, Laura, Alice Battistella, Michele Zanetti, et al. "Scanning Probe Microscopies: Imaging and Biomechanics in Reproductive Medicine Research." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 8 (2021): 3823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22083823.

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Basic and translational research in reproductive medicine can provide new insights with the application of scanning probe microscopies, such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM). These microscopies, which provide images with spatial resolution well beyond the optical resolution limit, enable users to achieve detailed descriptions of cell topography, inner cellular structure organization, and arrangements of single or cluster membrane proteins. A peculiar characteristic of AFM operating in force spectroscopy mode is its inherent ability to measure t

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Pollard, Benjamin, and Markus B. Raschke. "Correlative infrared nanospectroscopic and nanomechanical imaging of block copolymer microdomains." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 7 (April 22, 2016): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.7.53.

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Intermolecular interactions and nanoscale phase separation govern the properties of many molecular soft-matter systems. Here, we combine infrared vibrational scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy (IR s-SNOM) with force–distance spectroscopy for simultaneous characterization of both nanoscale optical and nanomechanical molecular properties through hybrid imaging. The resulting multichannel images and correlative analysis of chemical composition, spectral IR line shape, modulus, adhesion, deformation, and dissipation acquired for a thin film of a nanophase separated block copolymer (

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14

Mehdi Aghaei, Sadegh, Navid Yasrebi, and Bizhan Rashidian. "Characterization of Line Nanopatterns on Positive Photoresist Produced by Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscope." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/936876.

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Line nanopatterns are produced on the positive photoresist by scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM). A laser diode with a wavelength of 450 nm and a power of 250 mW as the light source and an aluminum coated nanoprobe with a 70 nm aperture at the tip apex have been employed. A neutral density filter has been used to control the exposure power of the photoresist. It is found that the changes induced by light in the photoresist can be detected byin situshear force microscopy (ShFM), before the development of the photoresist. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the developed phot

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Aguilar-Merino, Patricia, Gonzalo Álvarez-Pérez, Javier Taboada-Gutiérrez, et al. "Extracting the Infrared Permittivity of SiO2 Substrates Locally by Near-Field Imaging of Phonon Polaritons in a van der Waals Crystal." Nanomaterials 11, no. 1 (2021): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11010120.

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Layered materials in which individual atomic layers are bonded by weak van der Waals forces (vdW materials) constitute one of the most prominent platforms for materials research. Particularly, polar vdW crystals, such as hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), alpha-molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3) or alpha-vanadium pentoxide (α-V2O5), have received significant attention in nano-optics, since they support phonon polaritons (PhPs)―light coupled to lattice vibrations― with strong electromagnetic confinement and low optical losses. Recently, correlative far- and near-field studies of α-MoO3 have been demonst

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Gesuele, F., C. X. Pang, G. Leblond, et al. "Towards routine near-field optical characterization of silicon-based photonic structures: An optical mode analysis in integrated waveguides by transmission AFM-based SNOM." Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures 41, no. 6 (2009): 1130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2008.08.042.

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Tatarniuk, Christina, Robert Donahue, and David Sego. "Snow Characterization at a City Snow Storage Facility." Journal of Cold Regions Engineering 23, no. 4 (2009): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cr.1943-5495.0000011.

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18

Itagaki, K., and G. E. Lemieux. "Connectivity of snow particles." Annals of Glaciology 18 (1993): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500011174.

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An optical system, potentially suitable for quantitative characterization of snow, was conceived and tested. The system uses a laser beam to scan a thick section of snow impregnated with an opaque medium and observes light transmission through the slab.

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Itagaki, K., and G. E. Lemieux. "Connectivity of snow particles." Annals of Glaciology 18 (1993): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500011174.

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An optical system, potentially suitable for quantitative characterization of snow, was conceived and tested. The system uses a laser beam to scan a thick section of snow impregnated with an opaque medium and observes light transmission through the slab.

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20

Ma, Yibo, Xiaofeng Zhang, Weiming Liu, et al. "Stoichiometry Dependence of Physical and Electrochemical Properties of the SnOx Film Anodes Deposited by Pulse DC Magnetron Sputtering." Materials 14, no. 7 (2021): 1803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14071803.

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A batch of Sn oxides was fabricated by pulse direct current reactive magnetron sputtering (pDC−RMS) using different Ar/O2 flow ratios at 0.3 Pa; the influence of stoichiometry on the physical and electrochemical properties of the films was evaluated by the characterization of scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray reflection (XRR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and more. The results were as follows. First, the film surface transitioned from a particle morphology (roughness of 50.0 nm) to a smooth state (roughness of 3.7 nm) when Ar/O2 flow ratios changed fr

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21

Ribeiro, Sidney J. L., Celso V. Santilli, Sandra H. Pulcinelli, Fábio L. Fortes, and Luiz F. C. De Oliveira. "Spectroscopic characterization of SnO2 gels." Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 2, no. 1-3 (1994): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00486253.

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22

Kim, Han-Joo, Won-Keun Son, Ji-Sook Hong, Tae-Il Kim, and Soo-Gil Park. "Preparation and Electrochemical Characterization of SnO2/Ti Electrode by Coating Method." Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society 9, no. 2 (2006): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5229/jkes.2006.9.2.059.

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23

Jan, Fazal Akbar, Muhammad Aamir, Naimat Ullah, and Husaain Gulab. "Characterization of Synthesized SnO2 Nanoparticles and its Application for the Photo Catalytic Degradation of Eosin Y in Aqueous Solution." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 43, no. 1 (2021): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000002.

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The synthesized oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles by sol-gel method were characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-rays diffraction(XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Using X-rays diffraction analysis different parameter were calculated such as crystallite size, d-spacing, dislocation density, number of unit cell, cell volume, morphological index, micro strain and instrumental broadening. The average particle size was 28.396 nm. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that SnO2 nanopartcles are uniformly distributed. Optical propert

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24

Mudra, Erika, Ivan Shepa, Alexandra Kovalcikova, Ondrej Milkovič, and Jan Dusza. "SnO₂ Nano/Microfibers for Gas Sensors." Defect and Diffusion Forum 405 (November 2020): 324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.405.324.

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SnO2 is an n-type semiconductor with the band gap energy of 3.6 eV. It has been widely studied for gas sensing applications, the sensitivity of which can be easily tuned by the operating temperature. The presented paper is focused on the preparation and detailed characterization of the hollow SnO2 nano/microfibers suitable for gas detection sensors. Ceramic SnO2 fibers were produced by needleless electrospinning and followed by the calcination process. The characterization was performed by SEM, TEM, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. The precursor PVP/SnO2 fibers had amorphous nature. The calcinatio

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Tutton, Rosamond J., and Robert G. Way. "A low-cost method for monitoring snow characteristics at remote field sites." Cryosphere 15, no. 1 (2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1-2021.

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Abstract. The lack of spatially distributed snow depth measurements in natural environments is a challenge worldwide. These data gaps are of particular relevance in northern regions such as coastal Labrador where changes to snow conditions directly impact Indigenous livelihoods, local vegetation, permafrost distribution and wildlife habitat. This problem is exacerbated by the lack of cost-efficient and reliable snow observation methods available to researchers studying cryosphere–vegetation interactions in remote regions. We propose a new method termed snow characterization with light and temp

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Bartlett, Stuart John, Jean-Daniel Rüedi, Alasdair Craig, and Charles Fierz. "Assessment of techniques for analyzing snow crystals in two dimensions." Annals of Glaciology 48 (2008): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756408784700752.

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AbstractThree-dimensional (3-D) snow analysis techniques provide comprehensive and accurate snow microstructure data. Nevertheless, there remains a requirement for less elaborate methods for snow characterization, as numerical snow models such as SNOWPACK are presently based on two-dimensional (2-D) grain analysis. We present a detailed assessment of various methods and shape descriptors used for snow characterization from digitized images. Dendricity, the ratio of the square of grain perimeter to its area, allows distinction between new and old snow while sphericity distinguishes between face

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27

P, Sumathi. "Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Studies of SnO2 Nanoparticles." International Journal of ChemTech Research 13, no. 3 (2020): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20902/ijctr.2019.130317.

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This study was involved to synthesize and investigate the antimicrobial properties of highly pure nanocrystalline SnO2 by simple chemical method. In the nanorods, SnO2 nanoparticles, with a size of about 74 nm, the SnO2 nanoparticles were maximum antibacterial activity against both bacterial and fungal with the zone of inhibition for Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aures, Salmonella typhi and Ascerpergillus Flavus, Ascerpergillus Niger from 25μg/ml and 100 μg/ml respectively. SnO2 nanoparticles showed good activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria confirming these as

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Xu, Kangdong, Jianghua Peng, Pan Chen, Wankai Gu, Yunbai Luo, and Ping Yu. "Preparation and Characterization of Porous Ti/SnO2–Sb2O3/PbO2 Electrodes for the Removal of Chloride Ions in Water." Processes 7, no. 10 (2019): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7100762.

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Porous Ti/SnO2–Sb2O3/PbO2 electrodes for electrocatalytic oxidation of chloride ions were studied by exploring the effects of different operating conditions, including pore size, initial concentration, current density, initial pH, electrode plate spacing, and the number of cycles. In addition, a physicochemical characterization and an electrochemical characterization of the porous Ti/SnO2–Sb2O3/PbO2 electrodes were performed. The results showed that Ti/SnO2–Sb2O3/PbO2 electrodes with 150 µm pore size had the best removal effect on chloride ions with removal ratios amounting up to 98.5% when th

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Brun, E., and E. Pahaut. "An efficient method for a delayed and accurate characterization of snow grains from natural snowpacks." Journal of Glaciology 37, no. 127 (1991): 420–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000005852.

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AbstractThe authors describe a new method that allows an accurate, cheap and quick characterization of snow grains from natural snowpacks. The method is based on stopping all metamorphism of snow grains by immersing them in cold isooctane. Snow grains are then carried from the field, stored in a cold room and easily observed through a microscope. It then makes possible recording of snow-grain pictures in a state similar to their natural state, even after storage of several months.

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JOHNSON, P., and D. TEETERS. "Formation and characterization of SnO2 nanobaskets." Solid State Ionics 177, no. 26-32 (2006): 2821–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2006.01.029.

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31

Kalai Selvan, R., C. O. Augustin, and C. Sanjeeviraja. "Characterization of SnO2‐Coated CuFe2O4 Nanocomposites." Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic, and Nano-Metal Chemistry 36, no. 1 (2006): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15533170500478826.

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Zheng, Changlin, Yaya Chu, Yi Dong, Yongjie Zhan, and Guanghou Wang. "Synthesis and characterization of SnO2 nanorods." Materials Letters 59, no. 16 (2005): 2018–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2005.02.042.

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33

Varade, D., and O. Dikshit. "ESTIMATION OF SURFACE SNOW WETNESS USING SENTINEL-2 MULTISPECTRAL DATA." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-5 (November 15, 2018): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-5-223-2018.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Snow cover characterization and estimation of snow geophysical parameters is a significant area of research in water resource management and surface hydrological processes. With advances in spaceborne remote sensing, much progress has been achieved in the qualitative and quantitative characterization of snow geophysical parameters. However, most of the methods available in the literature are based on the microwave backscatter response of snow. These methods are mostly based on the remote sensing data available from active microwave sensors. Moreo

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34

Maggiore, Ettore, Matteo Tommasini, and Paolo M. Ossi. "Synthesis of Natural-Like Snow by Ultrasonic Nebulization of Water: Morphology and Raman Characterization." Molecules 25, no. 19 (2020): 4458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194458.

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The current devices used to produce massive amounts of snow (i.e., snow machines) can be improved with concern to both the energy efficiency and the quality of snow. Here we investigate an alternative snow production method based on the ultrasonic nebulization of water and its subsequent condensation on the cold surfaces of a refrigerator. Inspection of the snow samples with a stereo optical microscope shows both dendritic and granular snow morphologies. The characterization of the samples by Raman spectroscopy shows a behavior consistent with that of a natural, low-density snow. Our results i

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35

Yang, Jing, and Xiao Wen Xu. "Preparation of SnO₂-TiO₂/Zeolite Y Composites with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity." Materials Science Forum 852 (April 2016): 1493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.852.1493.

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SnO2-TiO2/zeolite Y composites were prepared by the impregnation of tin chloride and tetrabutyl titanate solution with zeolite Y and subsequent calcination at 500. SnO2-TiO2 heterostructures coated on zeolite Y is ascertained by X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra characterization. The photocatalytic studies suggested that the SnO2-TiO2/zeolite Y showed enhanced photocatalytic efficiency of photodegradation of methyl orange compared with TiO2/ zeolite Y and SnO2/zeolite Y under UV light irradiation.

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36

Brun, E., and E. Pahaut. "An efficient method for a delayed and accurate characterization of snow grains from natural snowpacks." Journal of Glaciology 37, no. 127 (1991): 420–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000005852.

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Abstract The authors describe a new method that allows an accurate, cheap and quick characterization of snow grains from natural snowpacks. The method is based on stopping all metamorphism of snow grains by immersing them in cold isooctane. Snow grains are then carried from the field, stored in a cold room and easily observed through a microscope. It then makes possible recording of snow-grain pictures in a state similar to their natural state, even after storage of several months.

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37

Abbas, Khaldoon N., Nedal A. Hussain, Asmaa D. Nusseif, Emad H. Hussein, Wisam J. Aziz, and Ali A. Salim. "Fabrication and photocatalytic characterization of SnO2 and SnO2/Tio2 nanostructure films." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1484 (April 2020): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1484/1/012002.

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38

Xu, Hong Yan, Xing Qiao Chen, Ling Zhan Fang, and Bing Qiang Cao. "Preparation and Characterization of Cerium-Doped Tin Oxide Gas Sensors." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 1450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.1450.

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In this paper, the precursors were synthesized by microwave hydrothermal method using SnCl4•5H2O and Ce(NO3)3·6H2O as raw material, CO(NH2)2 as precipitants, respectively. Pure SnO2 nanoparticles and cerium-doped SnO2 nanoparticles were obtained. Furthermore, five kinds of SnO2 thick film gas sensors were fabricated from the above SnO2 nanoparticles (the sensors denoted as sensor SC0, SC2, SC3, SC4 and SC6, respectively). The experiment results showed that, compared with pure SnO2 thick film gas sensor, the intrinsic resistance of cerium-doped SnO2 thick film gas sensors decreased, and their s

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Miller, Steven D., Thomas F. Lee, and Robert L. Fennimore. "Satellite-Based Imagery Techniques for Daytime Cloud/Snow Delineation from MODIS." Journal of Applied Meteorology 44, no. 7 (2005): 987–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jam2252.1.

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Abstract This paper presents two multispectral enhancement techniques for distinguishing between regions of cloud and snow cover using optical spectrum passive radiometer satellite observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Fundamental to the techniques are the 1.6- and 2.2-μm shortwave infrared bands that are useful in distinguishing between absorbing snow cover (having low reflectance) and less absorbing liquid-phase clouds (higher reflectance). The 1.38-μm band helps to overcome ambiguities that arise in the case of optically thin cirrus. Designed to provid

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Pukird, Supakorn, Dheerachai Polsongkram, Suttinart Noothongkeaw, Khanidtha Jantasom, and Ki Seok An. "Synthesis and Characterization of CuO/SnO2 Nanocomposites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 575 (June 2014): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.575.175.

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CuO/SnO2 nanocomposites materials were prepared by solution coprecipitation process using CuO nanowires-rods and SnO2 nanowires mixture as a starting materials. The mixture materials were put in beaker glass with distilled water and magnetic stering at 90 oC for 3 h. The mixture materials were filtered and heated at 980 oC for 20 h. The prepared products were investigated by FE scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-rays photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray driffraction technique (XRD). The results showed nanocomposites structures which consisting of CuO and SnO2 phase.

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Lee, Yu-Jin, Bon-Ryul Koo, and Hyo-Jin Ahn. "Synthesis and Characterization of SnO2-CoO/carbon-coated CoO Core/shell Nanowire Composites." Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute 21, no. 5 (2014): 360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4150/kpmi.2014.21.5.360.

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Matysiak, Wiktor, Tomasz Tański, and Weronika Monika Smok. "Morphology and structure characterization of crystalline SnO2 1D nanostructures." Photonics Letters of Poland 12, no. 3 (2020): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i3.1019.

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In recent years, many attempts have been made to improve the sensory properties of SnO2, including design of sensors based on one-dimensional nanostructures of this material, such as nanofibers, nanotubes or nanowires. One of the simpler methods of producing one-dimensional tin oxide nanomaterials is to combine the electrospinning method with a sol-gel process. The purpose of this work was to produce SnO2 nanowires using a hybrid electrospinning method combined with a heat treatment process at the temperature of 600 °C and to analyze the morphology and structure of the one-dimensional nanomate

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Ebner, P. P., S. A. Grimm, M. Schneebeli, and A. Steinfeld. "An instrumented sample holder for time-lapse microtomography measurements of snow under advective airflow." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 3, no. 2 (2014): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-3-179-2014.

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Abstract. An instrumented sample holder was developed for time-lapse microtomography of snow samples to enable in situ nondestructive spatial and temporal measurements under controlled advective airflows, temperature gradients, and air humidities. The design was aided by computational fluid dynamics simulations to evaluate the airflow uniformity across the snow sample. Morphological and mass transport properties were evaluated during a 4-day test run. This instrument allows the experimental characterization of metamorphism of snow undergoing structural changes with time.

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Ebner, P. P., S. A. Grimm, M. Schneebeli, and A. Steinfeld. "An instrumented sample holder for time-lapse micro-tomography measurements of snow under advective airflow." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems Discussions 4, no. 1 (2014): 353–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gid-4-353-2014.

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Abstract. An instrumented sample holder was developed for time-lapse micro-tomography of snow samples to enable in-situ nondestructive spatial and temporal measurements under controlled advective airflows, temperature gradients, and air humidities. The design was aided by computational fluid dynamics simulations to evaluate the airflow uniformity across the snow sample. Morphological and mass transport properties were evaluated during a 4 day test run. This instrument allows the experimental characterization of metamorphism of snow undergoing structural changes with time.

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SAITOH, K., K. SERA, and K. HIRANO. "CHARACTERIZATION OF TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATE (TSP) IN A MOUNTAINOUS REGION IN NORTHERN JAPAN." International Journal of PIXE 11, no. 01n02 (2001): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083501000037.

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Total suspended particulate (TSP) samples were collected at the west-facing slope (altitude 700 m) of Mt. Moriyoshi in northern Japan, from 24 – 27 June (non-snow-clad period) and 11 – 14 December (snow-clad period) in 1996, with a one-hour sampling interval. The elemental composition and particle shape of TSP samples were determined and/or observed by Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE), a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) combined with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. In the hourly TSP samples collected during the non-snow-clad period, 27 elements were determined. Na, Mg, Al, Si,

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Liu, Hongcheng, Feipeng Wang, Kelin Hu, Bin Zhang, Li He, and Qu Zhou. "Superior Hydrogen Sensing Property of Porous NiO/SnO2 Nanofibers Synthesized via Carbonization." Nanomaterials 9, no. 9 (2019): 1250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9091250.

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In this paper, the porous NiO/SnO2 nanofibers were synthesized via the electrospinning method along with the carbonization process. The characterization results show that the pristine SnO2-based nanofibers can form porous structure with different grain size by carbonization. The hydrogen gas-sensing investigations indicate that the NiO/SnO2 sensor exhibits more prominent sensing properties than those of pure SnO2 sensor devices. Such enhanced performance is mainly attributed to the porous nanostructure, which can provide large active adsorption sites for surface reaction. Moreover, the existen

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Linde, Jonathan, and Stefan Grab. "The changing trajectory of snow mapping." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 35, no. 2 (2011): 139–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133311399493.

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Snow cover and its associated melt have a variety of important biological, hydrological, economic and hazards implications, which under current global change scenarios are anticipated to continue operating as major environmental agents. To this end, considerable advances have been made in recording and mapping snow cover over the past few decades. This review examines the development of snow mapping over time, and explores the application of modern technology to the measurement of snow distribution and characterization. Some advantages and limitations of current snow mapping methods and techni

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Liu, Shi Min, Wan Yu Ding, Wei Wei Jiang, and Wei Ping Chai. "Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline SnO₂ Powder." Materials Science Forum 675-677 (February 2011): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.267.

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Nanocrystalline SnO2 powder has been synthesized via direct precipitation method starting from Sn, HNO3, HCl, and NH4OH. Thermal properties, crystal structural and morphological properties of the precursor and SnO2 powder were investigated using simultaneous thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that the precursor was SnO2 rather than Sn(OH)2 or Sn(OH)4. On the basis of the precursor, well crystallized SnO2 powder with 4-5 nm in diameter was obtained, after calcined at 350 °C for 2 h.

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Liu, P. Y., J. F. Chen, and W. D. Sun. "Characterizations of SnO2 and SnO2:Sb thin films prepared by PECVD." Vacuum 76, no. 1 (2004): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2004.05.004.

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Yu, Shihui, Lingxia Li, Dan Xu, Helei Dong, and Yuxin Jin. "Characterization of SnO2/Cu/SnO2 multilayers for high performance transparent conducting electrodes." Thin Solid Films 562 (July 2014): 501–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2014.04.064.

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