Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Snow class / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Snow class.

Journal articles on the topic 'Snow class'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Snow class.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Satyawali, P. K., and M. Schneebeli. "Spatial scales of snow texture as indicator for snow class." Annals of Glaciology 51, no. 54 (2010): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756410791386544.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractA method for automated and fast classification of snow texture would be useful for applications where snow structure must be quantified. Large numbers of field measurements were carried out on natural snow in order to investigate small-scale variations of the micro-penetration force. Snow characterization was done for snow from the Himalaya and the Alps, using a high-resolution snow penetrometer (SnowMicroPen). Measurements of snow resistance at equal intervals of 4 μm were geostatistically evaluated. The range parameter (correlation length, or CL) of penetration force was estimated fo

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Verseghy, Diana, Ross Brown, and Libo Wang. "Evaluation of CLASS Snow Simulation over Eastern Canada." Journal of Hydrometeorology 18, no. 5 (2017): 1205–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-16-0153.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS), version 3.6.1, was run offline for the period 1990–2011 over a domain centered on eastern Canada, driven by atmospheric forcing data dynamically downscaled from ERA-Interim using the Canadian Regional Climate Model. The precipitation inputs were adjusted to replicate the monthly average precipitation reported in the CRU observational database. The simulated fractional snow cover and the surface albedo were evaluated using NOAA Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System and MODIS data, and the snow water equivalent was evaluated using

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

MacKay, Murray D. "Preface‐modelling Canadian snow cover with CLASS." Atmosphere-Ocean 44, no. 3 (2006): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3137/ao.440300.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Sturm, Matthew, and Jon Holmgren. "Differences in compaction behavior of three climate classes of snow." Annals of Glaciology 26 (1998): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1998aog26-1-125-130.

Full text

Abstract:

In a recent paper (Sturm and others, 1995), a global seasonal snow-cover classification system was developed with each class defined by snow properties like grain-size and type. Here, characteristic bulk density vs time curves are assigned to three classes using snow-course data from Alaskan and Canadian sites. Within each class, curves have similar slopes and intercepts but between classes they are different. The relationship between slope, intercept and snow rheology has been investigated using a finite-difference model in which snow layers are assumed to behave as viscous fluids. Using obse

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Sturm, Matthew, and Jon Holmgren. "Differences in compaction behavior of three climate classes of snow." Annals of Glaciology 26 (1998): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500014683.

Full text

Abstract:

In a recent paper (Sturm and others, 1995), a global seasonal snow-cover classification system was developed with each class defined by snow properties like grain-size and type. Here, characteristic bulk density vs time curves are assigned to three classes using snow-course data from Alaskan and Canadian sites. Within each class, curves have similar slopes and intercepts but between classes they are different. The relationship between slope, intercept and snow rheology has been investigated using a finite-difference model in which snow layers are assumed to behave as viscous fluids. Using obse

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Langlois, A., J. Bergeron, R. Brown, et al. "Evaluation of CLASS 2.7 and 3.5 Simulations of Snow Properties from the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM4) over Québec, Canada*." Journal of Hydrometeorology 15, no. 4 (2014): 1325–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-13-055.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Snow cover simulations from versions 2.7 and 3.5 of the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS) coupled to the Canadian Regional Climate Model, version 4 (CRCM4), are evaluated over northern Québec and the larger Québec domain using in situ and remotely sensed datasets. Version 2.7 of CLASS has been used in the operational version of CRCM4 at Ouranos since 2006. Version 3.5 includes a number of improvements to the snow processes as well as a more realistic parameterization of snow thermal conductivity. The evaluation shows that version 3.5 provides improved simulations of snow water equi

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Roy, A., A. Royer, B. Montpetit, P. A. Bartlett, and A. Langlois. "Snow specific surface area simulation using the one-layer snow model in the Canadian LAnd Surface Scheme (CLASS)." Cryosphere 7, no. 3 (2013): 961–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-961-2013.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Snow grain size is a key parameter for modeling microwave snow emission properties and the surface energy balance because of its influence on the snow albedo, thermal conductivity and diffusivity. A model of the specific surface area (SSA) of snow was implemented in the one-layer snow model in the Canadian LAnd Surface Scheme (CLASS) version 3.4. This offline multilayer model (CLASS-SSA) simulates the decrease of SSA based on snow age, snow temperature and the temperature gradient under dry snow conditions, while it considers the liquid water content of the snowpack for wet snow meta

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Roy, A., A. Royer, B. Montpetit, P. A. Bartlett, and A. Langlois. "Snow specific surface area simulation using the one-layer snow model in the Canadian LAnd Surface Scheme (CLASS)." Cryosphere Discussions 6, no. 6 (2012): 5255–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-6-5255-2012.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Snow grain size is a key parameter for modeling microwave snow emission properties and the surface energy balance because of its influence on the snow albedo, thermal conductivity and diffusivity. A model of the specific surface area (SSA) of snow was implemented in the one-layer snow model in the Canadian LAnd Surface Scheme (CLASS) version 3.4. This offline multilayer model (CLASS-SSA) simulates the decrease of SSA based on snow age, snow temperature and the temperature gradient under dry snow conditions, whereas it considers the liquid water content for wet snow metamorphism. We c

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Brown, Ross, Paul Bartlett, Murray MacKay, and Diana Verseghy. "Evaluation of snow cover in CLASS for SnowMIP." Atmosphere-Ocean 44, no. 3 (2006): 223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3137/ao.440302.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Hirayama, Kimiko, and Michinori Sakimoto. "Regeneration of Cryptomeria japonica on a sloping topography in a cool-temperate mixed forest in the snowy region of Japan." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 4 (2003): 543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x02-190.

Full text

Abstract:

Cryptomeria japonica D. Don shows a limited distribution on and around ridges in its native habitat. To clarify the regeneration process of this species, we analysed spatial patterns among five size classes on a slope extending from a ridge to a valley bottom, and growth patterns of understorey trees related to their slope position, in a cool-temperate old-growth mixed forest in Japan. Although the largest size-class trees ([Formula: see text]20 cm diameter at breast height (DBH)) were confined to the upper part of the slope, understorey size-class trees ([Formula: see text]50 cm stem length a

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Wang, Libo, Murray MacKay, Ross Brown, Paul Bartlett, Richard Harvey, and Alexandre Langlois. "Application of Satellite Data for Evaluating the Cold Climate Performance of the Canadian Regional Climate Model over Québec, Canada." Journal of Hydrometeorology 15, no. 2 (2014): 614–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-13-086.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This study evaluates key aspects of the snow cover, cloud cover, and radiation budget simulated by the Canadian Regional Climate Model, version 4 (CRCM4), coupled with two versions of the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS). CRCM4 coupled with CLASS version 2.7 has been used operationally at Ouranos since 2006, while, more recently, CRCM4 has been coupled experimentally with CLASS 3.5, which includes a number of improvements to the representation of snow cover processes. The simulations showed evidence of a systematic cold temperature bias. Evaluation of cloud cover and radiation flu

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

류지영. "A Study on an Animation“Snow White”Appreciation Class." Journal of Art Education 33 (December 2012): 139–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.35657/jae.2012.33.0.008.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

In'ami, Moh, and Putri Zunita Shara. "Wasilah al Lu’bah al Lughowiyah Broken Square wa Snow Balling fii Ta’lim al Lughoh al ‘Arabiyyah li Tarqiyah Maharoh al Qiroah." Jurnal Al Bayan: Jurnal Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab 10, no. 2 (2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/albayan.v10i2.2997.

Full text

Abstract:

مستخلص البحثالمدرسة الثانوية الإسلامية منبع الأعلى فوروادادي كروبوكان هي المدرسة فيها تعلم اللغة العربية. اما اهداف هذا البحث فهو لأن يعرف فعالية وسيلة اللعبة اللغوية "بروكون سقوار" (Broken Square) و"سنو بوليج" (Snow Balling) في تعليم اللغة العربية لترقية مهارة القراءة في الفصل العاشر بالمدرسة الثانوية الإسلامية منبع الأعلى. ومنهج هذا البحث هو " منهج كمي" (quantitative) ونوع هذا البحث "بحث تجريبيّ"، بشكل التصميم Pretest-Posttest Group Design . نتائج من درجة اختبار "ت" العلاقة هي 4،66 1،992 من مستوى دلالة 5%. وخلاصة البحث، أن موجدة فعالية تطبيق وسيلة اللعبة اللغوية "بروكون سقوار" (Broken Square

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Zibzeev, E. G., and N. V. Igay. "Class Salicetea herbaceae Br.-Bl. 1948 in Altai-Sayan mountain region." Vegetation of Russia, no. 36 (December 12, 2019): 59–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2019.36.59.

Full text

Abstract:

The class Salicetea herbaceae Br.-Bl. 1948 includes arctic and alpine-subnival snow-bed communities of Eurasia and the Arctic Ocean islands (Mucina et al., 2016). The coenoflora of these communities is formed by psychrophilous and chionophilous mesophytic species. R. V. Kamelin (2005) who named these as alpine grass carpets (Kryonanocoryphion eurasiaticum), noted that this type of vegetation is characteristic of the Altai-Sayan mountain region, where alpine carpets are the highest floristic diversity in Asia. The snow-bed communities occupy macro- and megachionic ecotops (Kholod, 1993) in site

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Kwon, Yonghwan, Zong-Liang Yang, Long Zhao, Timothy J. Hoar, Ally M. Toure, and Matthew Rodell. "Estimating Snow Water Storage in North America Using CLM4, DART, and Snow Radiance Data Assimilation." Journal of Hydrometeorology 17, no. 11 (2016): 2853–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-16-0028.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This paper addresses continental-scale snow estimates in North America using a recently developed snow radiance assimilation (RA) system. A series of RA experiments with the ensemble adjustment Kalman filter are conducted by assimilating the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) brightness temperature TB at 18.7- and 36.5-GHz vertical polarization channels. The overall RA performance in estimating snow depth for North America is improved by simultaneously updating the Community Land Model, version 4 (CLM4), snow/soil states and radiative transfer m

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Armleder, Harold M., Michaela J. Waterhouse, Dagmar G. Keisker, and Richard J. Dawson. "Winter habitat use by mule deer in the central interior of British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, no. 10 (1994): 1721–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-232.

Full text

Abstract:

We analyzed winter habitat use by 23 radio-collared mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) in the central interior of British Columbia, Canada, from February 1982 to March 1989. This research was essential to provide sound biological data for development of a selection silvicultural and planning system that would integrate timber harvesting with the habitat needs of mule deer. Habitat selection was analyzed by comparing deer use with habitat availability of various levels (categories) of the following variables: age, crown closure, species composition, slope, and aspect. Additionally, we com

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Nolin, Anne W., and Christopher Daly. "Mapping “At Risk” Snow in the Pacific Northwest." Journal of Hydrometeorology 7, no. 5 (2006): 1164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm543.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract One of the most visible and widely felt impacts of climate warming is the change (mostly loss) of low-elevation snow cover in the midlatitudes. Snow cover that accumulates at temperatures close to the ice-water phase transition is at greater risk to climate warming than cold climate snowpacks because it affects both precipitation phase and ablation rates. This study maps areas in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States that are potentially at risk of converting from a snow-dominated to a rain-dominated winter precipitation regime, under a climate-warming scenario. A data-dri

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Sospedra-Alfonso, Reinel, Lawrence Mudryk, William Merryfield, and Chris Derksen. "Representation of Snow in the Canadian Seasonal to Interannual Prediction System. Part I: Initialization." Journal of Hydrometeorology 17, no. 5 (2016): 1467–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-14-0223.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The ability of the Canadian Seasonal to Interannual Prediction System (CanSIPS) to provide realistic forecast initial conditions for snow cover is assessed using in situ measurements and gridded snow analyses. Forecast initial conditions for snow in CanCM3 and CanCM4 employed by CanSIPS are determined by the response of the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS) used in both models to forcing from model atmospheric fields constrained by assimilation of 6-hourly reanalysis data. These snow initial conditions are found to be representative of the daily climatology of snow water equivalent

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Bruland, Oddbjørn, Åshild Færevåg, Ingelin Steinsland, Glen E. Liston, and Knut Sand. "Weather SDM: estimating snow density with high precision using snow depth and local climate." Hydrology Research 46, no. 4 (2015): 494–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2015.059.

Full text

Abstract:

Snow density is an important measure in hydrology used to convert snow depth to the snow water equivalent (SWE). A model developed by Sturm, Tara and Liston predicts the snow density by using snow depth, the snow age and a snow class defined by the location. In this work this model is extended to include location and seasonal weather-specific variables. The model is named Weather Snow Density Model (Weather SDM). A Bayesian framework is chosen, and the model is fitted to and tested for 4,040 Norwegian snow depth and densities measurements between 1998 and 2011. The final model improved the sno

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Alves, M., D. F. Nadeau, B. Music, F. Anctil, and A. Parajuli. "On the Performance of the Canadian Land Surface Scheme Driven by the ERA5 Reanalysis over the Canadian Boreal Forest." Journal of Hydrometeorology 21, no. 6 (2020): 1383–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-19-0172.1.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS) has been applied over the years in coupled and uncoupled (offline) modes at local, regional, and global scales using various forcing datasets. In this study, CLASS is applied at a local scale in the offline configuration to evaluate its performance when driven by the ERA5 reanalysis. Simulated surface energy fluxes, as well as several other water balance components, are investigated at four sites across the Canadian boreal biome. The results from CLASS driven by ERA5 (CLASS-RNL) are compared with available in situ measurements, as well as with r

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Puledda, Francesca, Christoph Schankin, and Peter J. Goadsby. "Visual snow syndrome." Neurology 94, no. 6 (2020): e564-e574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000008909.

Full text

Abstract:

ObjectiveTo validate the current criteria of visual snow and to describe its common phenotype using a substantial clinical database.MethodsWe performed a web-based survey of patients with self-assessed visual snow (n = 1,104), with either the complete visual snow syndrome (n = 1,061) or visual snow without the syndrome (n = 43). We also describe a population of patients (n = 70) with possible hallucinogen persisting perception disorder who presented clinically with visual snow syndrome.ResultsThe visual snow population had an average age of 29 years and had no sex prevalence. The disorder usua

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Sturm, Matthew, Brian Taras, Glen E. Liston, Chris Derksen, Tobias Jonas, and Jon Lea. "Estimating Snow Water Equivalent Using Snow Depth Data and Climate Classes." Journal of Hydrometeorology 11, no. 6 (2010): 1380–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jhm1202.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract In many practical applications snow depth is known, but snow water equivalent (SWE) is needed as well. Measuring SWE takes ∼20 times as long as measuring depth, which in part is why depth measurements outnumber SWE measurements worldwide. Here a method of estimating snow bulk density is presented and then used to convert snow depth to SWE. The method is grounded in the fact that depth varies over a range that is many times greater than that of bulk density. Consequently, estimates derived from measured depths and modeled densities generally fall close to measured values of SWE. Knowle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Alfnes, Eli, Liss M. Andreassen, Rune V. Engeset, Thomas Skaugen, and Hans-Christian Udnæs. "Temporal variability in snow distribution." Annals of Glaciology 38 (2004): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756404781815347.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractSnow-courses data have been collected in order to investigate the temporal variability of snow distribution in two catchments in southern Norway during the 2002 melt season. The profiles represent different elevations, aspects and terrain types. At snow maximum the spatial distribution of snow above the tree line was positively skewed (long tail in the positive direction), whereas the spatial distribution below the tree line followed a more normal distribution. During the snowmelt season the spatial distribution of snow became increasingly skewed. By separating the datasets into two te

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Sivy, Kelly J., Anne W. Nolin, Christopher L. Cosgrove, and Laura R. Prugh. "Critical snow density threshold for Dall’s sheep (Ovis dalli dalli)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 96, no. 10 (2018): 1170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2017-0259.

Full text

Abstract:

Snow cover can significantly impact animal movement and energetics, yet few studies have investigated the link between physical properties of snow and energetic costs. Quantification of thresholds in snow properties that influence animal movement are needed to help address this knowledge gap. Recent population declines of Dall’s sheep (Ovis dalli dalli Nelson, 1884) could be due in part to changing snow conditions. We examined the effect of snow density, snow depth, and snow hardness on sinking depths of Dall’s sheep tracks encountered in Wrangell–St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Pomeroy, John, Richard Essery, and Brenda Toth. "Implications of spatial distributions of snow mass and melt rate for snow-cover depletion: observations in a subarctic mountain catchment." Annals of Glaciology 38 (2004): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756404781814744.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractSpatial statistics of snow water equivalent (SWE) and melt rate were measured using spatially distributed, sequential ground surveys of depth and density in forested, shrub and alpine tundra environments over several seasons within a 185 km2 mountain catchment inYukonTerritory, Canada.When stratified by slope/aspect sub-units within landscape classes, SWE frequency distributions matched the log-normal, but multiclass surveys showed a more bimodal distribution. Within-class variability of winter SWE could be grouped into (i) windswept tundra and (ii) sheltered tund ra/forest regimes. Du

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Lang, Stephen E., Wei-Kuo Tao, Jiun-Dar Chern, Di Wu, and Xiaowen Li. "Benefits of a Fourth Ice Class in the Simulated Radar Reflectivities of Convective Systems Using a Bulk Microphysics Scheme." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 71, no. 10 (2014): 3583–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-13-0330.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Current cloud microphysical schemes used in cloud and mesoscale models range from simple one-moment to multimoment, multiclass to explicit bin schemes. This study details the benefits of adding a fourth ice class (frozen drops/hail) to an already improved single-moment three-class ice (cloud ice, snow, graupel) bulk microphysics scheme developed for the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble model. Besides the addition and modification of several hail processes from a bulk three-class hail scheme, further modifications were made to the three-ice processes, including allowing greater ice supersatura

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Zhang, Fuxiang, Bo Meng, Shang Gao, et al. "Levels, Inventory, and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Wetland Ecosystem, Northeast China: Implications for Snow Cover Monitoring." Water 13, no. 16 (2021): 2161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13162161.

Full text

Abstract:

Snow cover is a unique environmental medium in cold regions that can cause potential risks to the ecological environment, due to the release of pollutants that are stored in it. In this study, the Qixing River wetland, located in the Sanjiang Plain of China, was taken as the target research area. Heavy metals in snow cover, including Cu, Ni, Cr, Cd, Pb, and Zn were measured at 19 sampling sites. The results showed that the average concentrations of heavy metals were: Zn (103.46 ± 39.16) > Pb (13.08 ± 4.99) > Cr (11.97 ± 2.82) > Ni (9.55 ± 4.96) > Cu (6.19 ± 1.79) > Cd (0.55 ± 0.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Qiao, D., Z. Li, N. Wang, J. Zhou, P. Zhang, and S. Gao. "VALIDATION OF THE DAILY PASSIVE MICROWAVE SNOW DEPTH PRODUCTS OVER NORTHERN CHINA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 1401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-1401-2018.

Full text

Abstract:

Passive microwave sensors have the capability to provide information on snow depth (SD), which is critically important for hydrological modeling and water resource management. However, the different algorithms used to produce SD products lead to discrepancies in the data. To determine which products might be most suitable for Northern China, this paper assesses the accuracy of the existing snow depth products in the period of 2002&amp;ndash;2011. By comparing three daily snow depth products, including NSIDC, WESTDC and ESA Globsnow, with snow cover product and meteorological stations data,

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Borwarnginn, Punyanuch, Worapan Kusakunniran, Parintorn Pooyoi, and Jason H. Haga. "Segmenting Snow Scene from CCTV using Deep Learning Approach." ECTI Transactions on Computer and Information Technology (ECTI-CIT) 13, no. 2 (2020): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-cit.2019132.216323.

Full text

Abstract:

Recently, data from many sensors has been used in a disaster monitoring of things, such as river wa- ter levels, rainfall levels, and snowfall levels. These types of numeric data can be straightforwardly used in a further analysis. In contrast, data from CCTV cameras (i.e. images and/or videos) cannot be easily interpreted for users in an automatic way. In a tra- ditional way, it is only provided to users for a visual- ization without any meaningful interpretation. Users must rely on their own expertise and experience to interpret such visual information. Thus, this paper proposes the CNN-base

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Sinclair, K. E., and S. J. Marshall. "Temperature and vapour-trajectory controls on the stable-isotope signal in Canadian Rocky Mountain snowpacks." Journal of Glaciology 55, no. 191 (2009): 485–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214309788816687.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe effects of temperature and seasonal air-mass trajectories on stable water isotopes in alpine snowpacks are investigated using meteorological and snow-pit data at two alpine field sites in the Canadian Rocky Mountains: Haig Glacier, Alberta, and Opabin Glacier, British Columbia. Snow pits were sampled through three accumulation seasons (October–June, 2004/05, 2005/06 and 2006/07) for δ18O, δD, temperature and density. The isotopic characteristics of precipitation over these time periods, including the local meteoric waterline and average δ18O, δD and deuterium excess, were defined u

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Schweizer, Jürg, Christoph Mitterer, Benjamin Reuter, and Frank Techel. "Avalanche danger level characteristics from field observations of snow instability." Cryosphere 15, no. 7 (2021): 3293–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3293-2021.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Avalanche danger levels are described in qualitative terms that mostly are not amenable to measurements or observations. However, estimating and improving forecast consistency and accuracy require descriptors that can be observed or measured. Therefore, we aim to characterize the avalanche danger levels based on expert field observations of snow instability. We analyzed 589 field observations by experienced researchers and forecasters recorded mostly in the region of Davos (Switzerland) during 18 winter seasons (2001–2002 to 2018–2019). The data include a snow profile with a stabilit

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Mardeyanti, Mardeyanti, and Siti Masitoh. "Snow Balling and Brainstorming Method In Pregnant Mother Classes." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kesehatan 8, no. 2 (2021): 205–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32668/jitek.v8i2.442.

Full text

Abstract:

During pregnancy, there are system changes that require adaptation, both physiological and psychological. With these changes, pregnant women must know and understand what they are experiencing, so they need health education during pregnancy and how to prepare for safe delivery. Mother class is a means of learning together about pregnant women's health, increasing knowledge, change attitudes and mothers' behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in health education with snowballing and brainstorming methods in pregnant women in the class to increase knowledge and atti

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Ntokas, Konstantin F. F., Jean Odry, Marie-Amélie Boucher, and Camille Garnaud. "Investigating ANN architectures and training to estimate snow water equivalent from snow depth." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 6 (2021): 3017–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3017-2021.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Canada's water cycle is driven mainly by snowmelt. Snow water equivalent (SWE) is the snow-related variable that is most commonly used in hydrology, as it expresses the total quantity of water (solid and liquid) stored in the snowpack. Measurements of SWE are, however, expensive and not continuously accessible in real time. This motivates a search for alternative ways of estimating SWE from measurements that are more widely available and continuous over time. SWE can be calculated by multiplying snow depth by the bulk density of the snowpack. Regression models proposed in the literat

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Lee, Yong-Keun, Cezar Kongoli, and Jeffrey Key. "An In-Depth Evaluation of Heritage Algorithms for Snow Cover and Snow Depth Using AMSR-E and AMSR2 Measurements." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 32, no. 12 (2015): 2319–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-15-0100.1.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) was launched in 2012 on board the Global Change Observation Mission 1st–Water (GCOM-W1) satellite. This study presents a robust evaluation of AMSR2 algorithms for the retrieval of snow-covered area (SCA) and snow depth (SD) that will be used operationally by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Quantitative assessment of the algorithms was performed for a 10-yr period with AMSR-E and a 2-yr period with AMSR2 data using the NOAA Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS) snow cover and in situ SD

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Schaer, Mathieu, Christophe Praz, and Alexis Berne. "Identification of blowing snow particles in images from a Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera." Cryosphere 14, no. 1 (2020): 367–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-367-2020.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. A new method to automatically discriminate between hydrometeors and blowing snow particles on Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera (MASC) images is introduced. The method uses four selected descriptors related to the image frequency, the number of particles detected per image, and their size and geometry to classify each individual image. The classification task is achieved with a two-component Gaussian mixture model fitted on a subset of representative images of each class from field campaigns in Antarctica and Davos, Switzerland. The performance is evaluated by labeling the subset of image

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Rovira Soler, Juan, Pedro Martin Concepcion, Ana Almerich-Chulia, and Jose Molines Cano. "Class B Greenhouse Model with Double Layer for Nordic European Countries." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 1046–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.1046.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents functional and structural possibilities of Class B greenhouses, which has a film covered, for areas with extreme winter temperatures and heavy snow loads, which are typical of a Class A model (glass or rigid film covered). This greenhouse study covers from its analysis in the design phase to its correct operation after construction, breaking patterns set by European standard, due to the structural design of the greenhouse, providing new possibilities for this type B, restricted to a specific geographical area so far.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Martinčič, Andrej, Tone Wraber, and Igor Dakskobler. "Snow-bed communities with dominant Salix herbacea in the Julian Alps." Hacquetia 18, no. 1 (2019): 47–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hacq-2018-0007.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract In the alpine belt of the Julian Alps (glacial cirque Na Jezerih under Mt. Veliki Rokav, Jarečica, the Mangart Saddle and Prodi under Mt. Mangart as well as Mt. Plešivec in the rock wall of Loška Stena) we studied the phytosociology and ecology of snow-bed vegetation with dominating flowering plants Salix herbacea, Luzula alpinopilosa, Gnaphalium supinum, Soldanella pusilla and Salix retusa, and numerous moss species. Based on the comparison with similar snow-bed communities in the Central, Eastern and Southern Alps we described a new association Salicetum retuso-herbaceae and classif

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Naaim, Mohamed, Yves Durand, Nicolas Eckert, and Guillaume Chambon. "Dense avalanche friction coefficients: influence of physical properties of snow." Journal of Glaciology 59, no. 216 (2013): 771–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2013jog12j205.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe values of the Voellmy friction parameters of 735 historical avalanches that have occurred along 26 paths in the Chamonix valley, France, since 1958 are back-analyzed with a depth-averaged hydraulic model, including sub-models for erosion, entrainment and deposition. For each path, the longitudinal and crosswise topographic profiles were derived from a high-resolution digital elevation model acquired by laser scanning. The initial snow depth and snow cohesion, as well as various physical properties of snow, were computed from numerical simulations of the detailed snowpack model Croc

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Leonardini, Gonzalo, François Anctil, Maria Abrahamowicz, et al. "Evaluation of the Soil, Vegetation, and Snow (SVS) Land Surface Model for the Simulation of Surface Energy Fluxes and Soil Moisture under Snow-Free Conditions." Atmosphere 11, no. 3 (2020): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11030278.

Full text

Abstract:

The recently developed Soil, Vegetation, and Snow (SVS) land surface model is being progressively implemented at Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) for operational numerical weather and hydrological predictions. The objective of this study is to evaluate the ability of SVS, in offline point-scale mode and under snow-free conditions, to simulate the surface heat fluxes and soil moisture when compared to flux tower observations and simulations from the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS), used here as a benchmark model. To do this, we performed point-scale simulations of between 4 and

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Livholts, Mona. "The Snow Angel and Other Imprints." International Review of Qualitative Research 3, no. 1 (2010): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/irqr.2010.3.1.103.

Full text

Abstract:

This article, written in the form of an untimely academic novella is a text, which explores academic authoring as thinking and writing practice in a place called Sweden. The aim is on inquiries of geographical space, place, and academia, and the interrelation between the social and symbolic formation of class, gender and whiteness. The novella uses different writing strategies and visual representations such as documentary writing and photographing from the research process, letters to a friend, and memories from childhood, based on three generations of women's lives. The methodology can be de

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

van Dongen, Robin M., Lindy C. Waaijer, Gerrit L. J. Onderwater, Michel D. Ferrari, and Gisela M. Terwindt. "Treatment effects and comorbid diseases in 58 patients with visual snow." Neurology 93, no. 4 (2019): e398-e403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000007825.

Full text

Abstract:

ObjectiveTo evaluate pharmacologic treatment options for visual snow and to report prevalence of comorbid diseases.MethodsMedical charts of patients with a diagnosis of visual snow at the neurology outpatient clinic were reviewed on prescribed medication, and comorbid migraine, tinnitus, and psychiatric conditions including depression and anxiety.ResultsFrom 2007 to 2018, 58 patients were diagnosed with visual snow. Comorbid migraine was present in 51.7% of patients, lifetime depression in 41.4%, and lifetime anxiety in 44.8%. Lamotrigine was prescribed most frequently (26/58) and resulted in

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Younas, Waqar, Rachel W. Hay, Matt K. MacDonald, Siraj ul Islam, and Stephen J. Déry. "A strategy to represent impacts of subgrid-scale topography on snow evolution in the Canadian Land Surface Scheme." Annals of Glaciology 58, no. 75pt1 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aog.2017.29.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTThis sensitivity study applies the offline Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS) version 3.6 to simulate snowpack evolution in idealized topography using observations at Likely, British Columbia, Canada over 1 July 2008 to 30 June 2009. A strategy for a subgrid-scale snow (SSS) parameterization is developed to incorporate two key features: ten elevation bands at 100 m intervals to capture air temperature lapse rates, and five slope angles on four aspects to resolve solar radiation impacts on the evolution of snow depth and SWE. Simulations reveal strong elevational dependencies of snow

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Annisa, Dewi. "Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Persamaan Garis Lurus melalui Penerapan Strategi Pembelajaran Snow Balling." Journal on Education 3, no. 01 (2020): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/joe.v3i01.344.

Full text

Abstract:

Students' diverse abilities, both in terms of knowledge, and speed in receiving lessons, can be overcome by applying a cooperative learning model. One of them is the snow balling learning strategy, where in this lesson students can discuss problems and then solve them together with group friends. This study was conducted to determine whether there was an increase in student learning outcomes and activities during the implementation of the snow balling learning strategy in class VIII-B of SMPN 236 Jakarta, especially on the subject of straight line equations. The intended student learning outco

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Leonard, Elizabeth Weeks. "Teaching Health Law." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 37, no. 1 (2009): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2009.00358.x.

Full text

Abstract:

In long Midwestern winters, two things are certain: snow and basketball. But two things that you cannot count on are snow day school closures and a home-team collegiate basketball championship. In Kansas last winter, we had both. Winter precipitation was much above average, resulting in a rare invocation of the University's inclement weather policy to cancel classes in early February. And the Kansas Jayhawks basketball team brought home the National Collegiate Athletic Association championship trophy for the first time in two decades. The Chancellor commemorated the achievement with a campuswi

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Kukučka, Petr, Gerhard Lammel, Alice Dvorská, Jana Klánová, Andrea Möller, and Elke Fries. "Contamination of Antarctic snow by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons dominated by combustion sources in the polar region." Environmental Chemistry 7, no. 6 (2010): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en10066.

Full text

Abstract:

Environmental context Is long-range transport from populated and industrialised areas to blame for pollution of remote regions? We report that, for the world's most remote region, Antarctica, and one prominent class of global pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, long-range transport from other continents has not contributed significantly to recent snow contamination. Rather, the major sources are regional scientific stations and ocean transport, mostly tourism. Abstract Firn samples attributed to the period between 2002 and 2005 were collected from a snow pit on the Ekström Shelf Ice

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Xu, Xiaocong, Xiaoping Liu, Xia Li, et al. "Global snow cover estimation with Microwave Brightness Temperature measurements and one-class in situ observations." Remote Sensing of Environment 182 (September 2016): 227–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.05.010.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Zavyalov, D. D., and T. A. Solomakha. "Influence of new snow on growth and melting of sea ice." Ice and Snow 59, no. 1 (2019): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2019-1-103-111.

Full text

Abstract:

Numerical experiments were carried out using the thermodynamic model with the aim to optimize choice of parameterization of the density of fresh snow, its albedo, and thermal conductivity coefficient in order to reproduce the seasonal evolution of ice thickness in the North-Eastern part of the Sea of Azov. The simulation results were compared with each other as well as with the observations obtained at the costal station of the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the Taganrog Bay. It is shown that small differences in the schemes of parameterization of physical and

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Ducloux, H., and B. E. Nygaard. "50-year return-period wet-snow load estimation based on weather station data for overhead line design in France." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 11 (2014): 3031–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-3031-2014.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Historically, as far as wet-snow loads were concerned, overhead line design was often based on experience or long-term applications with positive results. New standard like CENELEC EN 50341-1 (2012) take into account characteristic loads, i.e. 50-year return-period loads, for the overhead line design. This article proposes a method to estimate characteristic wet-snow loads based on meteorological data recorded at weather stations. The model used to calculate those loads is mainly inspired by a recent article written by Nygaard et al. (2013a) in which a new parameterization is propose

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Nakaegawa, Tosiyuki. "Comparison of Water-Related Land Cover Types in Six 1-km Global Land Cover Datasets." Journal of Hydrometeorology 13, no. 2 (2012): 649–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-10-05036.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Land cover classification is a fundamental and vital activity that is helpful for understanding natural dynamics and the human impacts of land surface processes. Available multiple 1-km global land cover datasets have been compared to identify classification accuracy and uncertainties for vegetation land cover types, but they have not been adequately compared for water-related land cover types. Six 1-km global land cover datasets were comprehensively examined by focusing on three water-related land cover types (snow and ice, wetlands, and open water). The global mean per-pixel agreeme

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Erman, Don C., Edmund D. Andrews, and Michael Yoder-Williams. "Effects of Winter Floods on Fishes in the Sierra Nevada." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45, no. 12 (1988): 2195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f88-255.

Full text

Abstract:

Winter floods in the Sierra Nevada mountains kill age 0 class brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and Paiute sculpin (Cottus beldingi) because bed-material transport increases greatly when high flows are constrained by snow banks. In February 1982, dead Paiute sculpin were collected while sampling bedload during a rain-on-snow flood. Population estimates by electrofishing at nine permanent stations the following summer showed that density (3586∙ha−1) and biomass(12.9 kg∙ha−1) of Paiute sculpin were lower than the respective means (12 017∙ha−1 and 40.3 kg∙ha−1) obtained during previous studies

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!