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Journal articles on the topic 'Snow loads'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Kravchenko, Maryna, Tetiana Tkachenko, Viktor Mileikovskyi, and Oleksii Tkachenko. "The influence of green structures of blue infrastructure on the load of building structures." Strength of Materials and Theory of Structures, no. 114 (April 25, 2025): 135–44. https://doi.org/10.32347/2410-2547.2025.114.135-144.

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The paper considers the place of green structures in the blue infrastructure of cities. A scheme of integrated rainwater management using green structures is built. The combination of different green structures allows to creation of a unified and effective rainwater management system. The impact of green building structures on their supporting structures plays an important role. The loads from green roofs have two components: the load from structural elements and plants, including wind loads, and the load from precipitation-retained rainwater and snow. The first group of loads is constant, exc

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Bartlett, F. M., H. P. Hong, and W. Zhou. "Load factor calibration for the proposed 2005 edition of the National Building Code of Canada: Statistics of loads and load effects." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 30, no. 2 (2003): 429–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l02-087.

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The 2005 edition of the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) will adopt a companion-action format for load combinations and specify wind and snow loads based on their 50 year return period values. This paper summarizes statistics for dead load, live load due to use and occupancy, snow load, and wind load that have been adopted for calibration, and a companion paper presents the calibration itself. A new survey of typical construction tolerances indicates that statistics for dead load widely adopted for building code calibration are adequate unless the dead load is dominated by thin, cast-in

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Emelyanov, O. V., T. B. Mukhambetov, and A. N. Shuvalov. "STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SNOW LOADS." Bulletin of South Ural State University series "Construction Engineering and Architecture" 24, no. 2 (2024): 35–41. https://doi.org/10.14529/build240205.

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When calculating the building structure reliability, it is necessary to have information about the variability of the strength and elastic properties of building materials, the loads acting on the structure, the geometric dimensions of spans and sec-tions, etc. The current loads, including snow loads, have the greatest statistical dispersion and, taking into account the our country climatic conditions, have a significant impact on the stress-strain state of building structures. Snow load statistical characteristics are the result of processing long-term meteorological observations for the snow

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Bartlett, F. M., H. P. Hong, and W. Zhou. "Load factor calibration for the proposed 2005 edition of the National Building Code of Canada: Companion-action load combinations." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 30, no. 2 (2003): 440–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l02-086.

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The 2005 edition of the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) will adopt a companion-action format for load combinations and specify wind and snow loads based on their 50 year return period values. This paper presents the calibration of these factors, based on statistics for dead load, live load due to use and occupancy, snow load, and wind load, which are summarized in a companion paper. A target reliability index of approximately 3 for a design life of 50 years was adopted for consistency with the 1995 NBCC. The load combinations and load factors for strength and stability checks recommend

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Newark, M. J., L. E. Welsh, R. J. Morris, and W. V. Dnes. "Revised ground snow loads for the 1990 National Building Code of Canada." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 16, no. 3 (1989): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l89-052.

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The last systematic recalculation of ground snow loads in the Supplement to the National Building Code of Canada was made in 1977 and used data up to 1975. Data from three times as many stations are now available and there is also an additional 10 years of record. Using this expanded data base, ground snow loads have been recalculated for the 1990 Supplement.Several changes in methods have been utilized, the most significant of which is the use of an objective technique to estimate ground snow loads at Code (or other) locations. It explicitly incorporates an assumed dependence of the snow load

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6

Hirashima, Hiroyuki, Tsutomu Iyobe, Katsuhisa Kawashima, and Hiroaki Sano. "Development of a Snow Load Alert System, “YukioroSignal” for Aiding Roof Snow Removal Decisions in Snowy Areas in Japan." Journal of Disaster Research 15, no. 6 (2020): 688–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2020.p0688.

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This study developed a snow load alert system, known as the “YukioroSignal”; this system aims to provide a widespread area for assessing snow load distribution and the information necessary for aiding house roof snow removal decisions in snowy areas of Japan. The system was released in January 2018 in Niigata Prefecture, Japan, and later, it was expanded to Yamagata and Toyama prefectures in January 2019. The YukioroSignal contains two elements: the “Quasi-Real-Time Snow Depth Monitoring System,” which collects snow depth data, and the numerical model known as SNOWPACK, which can calculate the

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7

Taylor, Donald A. "Snow on two-level flat roofs — measured vs. 1990 NBC loads." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 19, no. 1 (1992): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l92-006.

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Between 1967 and 1982, depths and specific gravities of snow were recorded on 44 single- and multi-level flat-roofed buildings between Halifax and Edmonton. The average density of snow in the drifts where the roofs change elevation was about 3.0 kN/m3, the value used consequently in the 1990 National Building Code of Canada (NBC). This is some 25% higher than the value used in the 1985 NBC. Data on drift geometry and maximum loads in the drifts are presented and compared with provisions in the 1990 NBC. As well, the paper presents measured values of average and maximum roof-to-ground load rati

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Pichugin, S. F. "STATISTICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF SNOW LOAD STANDARDS ON BUILDING STRUCTURES." Modern structures of metal and wood, no. 25 (August 2021): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2707-3068-2021-25-103-118.

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Ensuring the reliability and safety of buildings and structures largely depends on a proper understanding of nature and quantitative description and rationing of loads on building structures, including snow loads. These loads on structures have a very complex physical nature and changeable nature, requiring knowledge of thermodynamic processes in the atmosphere and soil, physical properties of snow, methods of meteorological observations and climatological description of the terrain, variability of loads, the nature of snow deposition on buildings and structures. Such features are to some exte

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9

Lehtonen, Ilari, Matti Kämäräinen, Hilppa Gregow, Ari Venäläinen, and Heli Peltola. "Heavy snow loads in Finnish forests respond regionally asymmetrically to projected climate change." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 10 (2016): 2259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2259-2016.

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Abstract. This study examined the impacts of projected climate change on heavy snow loads on Finnish forests, where snow-induced forest damage occurs frequently. For snow-load calculations, we used daily data from five global climate models under representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, statistically downscaled onto a high-resolution grid using a quantile-mapping method. Our results suggest that projected climate warming results in regionally asymmetric response on heavy snow loads in Finnish forests. In eastern and northern Finland, the annual maximum snow loads

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Irwin, P. A., S. L. Gamble, and D. A. Taylor. "Effects of roof size, heat transfer, and climate on snow loads: studies for the 1995 NBC." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 22, no. 4 (1995): 770–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l95-087.

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As roof sizes increase, the ability of the wind to reduce the uniform snow loads is diminished, thus resulting in higher uniform loads. Results of recent research into this size effect and the influence of heat loss through roofs in four Canadian cities (St. John's, Montreal, Saskatoon, and Edmonton) using the finite area element method are described and snow load formulae for uniform loads on large roofs are proposed. Also, the drift loading on lower roofs adjacent to large area upper roofs has been studied using similar techniques, and revised formulae for the peak loading in the drift at th

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O'rourke, Michael, and Evelyn Wood. "Improved relationship for drift loads on buildings." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 13, no. 6 (1986): 647–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l86-099.

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In terms of structural failure, drift loads at changes in roof elevation are the most important snow load. In this paper, present building code provisions and recent research results are reviewed. The mechanics of snow drift formation as well as the parameters that influence these drifts are discussed in depth. Finally, a new empirical relationship for peak drift height and drift load is presented. The input parameters for the new empirical relationship are the width, length, and height of the upper level roof, the elevation difference between the upper level roof and snow on the lower level r

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Strasser, U. "Snow loads in a changing climate: new risks?" Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 1 (2008): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-1-2008.

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Abstract. In January/February 2006, heavy snowfalls in Bavaria (Germany) lead to a series of infrastructural damage of catastrophic nature. Since on many collapsed roofs the total snow load was not exceptional, serious engineering deficiencies in roof construction and a sudden rise in the total snow load were considered to be the trigger of the events. An analysis of the then meteorological conditions reveals, that the early winter of 2005/2006 was characterised by an exceptional continuous snow cover, temperatures remained around the freezing point and no significant snowmelt was evident. The

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Pichugin, Sergii. "Probabilistic basis development of standardization of snow loads on building structures." Academic journal Industrial Machine Building Civil Engineering 2, no. 55 (2020): 5–14. https://doi.org/10.26906/znp.2020.55.2335.

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Ensuring the reliability and safety of buildings and structures largely depends on a proper understanding of nature and quantitative description and rationing of loads on building structures, including snow loads. Analysis of the evolution of domestic snow load codes together with their statistical substantiation is an urgent task. The article contains a systematic review of codes and publications on the problem of snow load over the 80-year period from the 40s of the twentieth century to the present. The main attention is paid to the tendencies analysis of designing codes development concerni

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Lobkina, V. A., I. A. Kononov, and A. A. Potapov. "Remote monitoring of the snow loads on a roof of buildings." Ice and Snow 56, no. 2 (2016): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2016-2-246-252.

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Obtaining actual data on a change in the value of snow load for a snowfall is an important task the solution of which is usually neglected. The purpose of the work was to obtain a data on dynamics of the snow load change on a roof for a snowfall. A system for remote monitoring of the snow load was developed for this purpose. This system allows continuous gathering and transmission of the data on the snow load change from a unit of area. Obtaining this information gives an indication of the size of snow loading and dynamics of the snow accumulation during snowfall. The developed system provides

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15

Saback, Vanessa, Jaime Gonzalez‐Libreros, Cosmin Daescu, Tommy Hojsten, and Gabriel Sas. "Evaluation of the snow loads on the snow galleries on the Iron Ore Line in Northern Sweden." ce/papers 6, no. 5 (2023): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.2744.

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AbstractThe Iron Ore Line is a railway in northern Sweden and Norway, crucial for iron ore transportation. Snow galleries safeguard this route, ensuring uninterrupted traffic for efficient operations. A snow gallery is a protective structure that shields roads and railways from heavy snowfall and avalanches. Reported damages to these structures caused by excessive snow loads have prompted an investigation to prevent further issues. This paper presents an analysis of the evolution of snow load calculations over time, though a comparison of Swedish design standards. The design snow loads require

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Cao, Ying Chun, Ming Liu, Yuan Qing Wang, and Yan Nian Zhang. "Reliability Assessment under Combinations of Snow Load Effect: The Lightweight Steel Structures with Gabled Frames and Components Designs." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 1954–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.1954.

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Purpose: to assess reliability factor of Gable Framed Lightweight Steel Structural and Components, under combination of load effect of permanent loads and snow loads. Method: JC method is adopted in the calculations. From reliability of geometrical meaning, transform the solving of reliability problem into the finding of minimum constraints, and calculate reliability indicators by using a non-linear programming called ‘Lingo’ software. Results: based on dead load plus snow load, and combination of dead load plus snow load and wind load, to calculate reliability indicator of structural componen

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O’Rourke, Michael, Jan Potac, and Thomas Thiis. "Windward Snow Drift Loads." Journal of Structural Engineering 144, no. 5 (2018): 04018033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0002032.

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18

Davydov, E. Yu. "Analysis of Regulatory Documents for Determining Loads for Buildings and Structures." Science & Technique 21, no. 5 (2022): 386–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2022-21-5-386-391.

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The calculation of building structures begins with the determination of loads and effects. The correctness of determining the values of loads and impacts, and in particular their calculated values, largely determines the reliability of structural forms, their durability and economic efficiency. The paper considers the regulatory documents for determining snow, wind and crane loads, as well as loads due to their own weight of load-bearing and enclosing structures. In most cases, changing the values of snow loads in the direction of their increase is labor- and material-intensive, since after th

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Schellander, Harald, Michael Winkler, and Tobias Hell. "Towards a reproducible snow load map – an example for Austria." Advances in Science and Research 18 (August 5, 2021): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-18-135-2021.

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Abstract. The European Committee for Standardization defines zonings and calculation criteria for different European regions to assign snow loads for structural design. In the Alpine region these defaults are quite coarse; countries therefore use their own products, and inconsistencies at national borders are a common problem. A new methodology to derive a snow load map for Austria is presented, which is reproducible and could be used across borders. It is based on (i) modeling snow loads with the specially developed Δsnow model at 897 sophistically quality controlled snow depth series in Aust

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20

Belostotsky, Alexander, Nikita Britikov, and Oleg Goryachevsky. "COMPARISON OF DETERMINATION OF SNOW LOADS FOR ROOFS IN BUILDING CODES OF VARIOUS COUNTRIES." International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering 17, no. 3 (2021): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2021-17-3-39-47.

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The article compares the requirements for calculating the snow load on the coatings of buildings and structures in accordance with the regulations of technically developed countries and associations – Russia, the European Union, Canada and the United States. It was revealed that in these norms the general approaches, the subtleties of calculating the coefficients, the set of standard coatings and the schemes of the form coefficient proposed for them differ significantly. This situation reflects the general problem of determining snow loads – at the moment there is no recognized unified scienti

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Milošević, Vuk S., and Biserka Lj Marković. "Comparison of Point and Snow Load Deflections in Design and Analysis of Tensile Membrane Structures." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (December 7, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8810085.

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Tensile membrane structures are often used as protective structures in order to provide cover from snow, rain, and direct sunlight. They are widely popular because of their advanced structural and architectural properties. Currently, their application is common at sport stadia and public spaces. There are several types of loads acting on tensile membrane structures, most importantly prestress, snow load, and wind load. However, concentrated loads also act on these structures, but they are frequently neglected during the structural analysis. There is yet no European standard on designing tensil

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Żurański, J. A., and A. Sobolewski. "An Analysis of Snow and Wind Loads Combinations Based on Meteorological Data." Archives of Civil Engineering 62, no. 4 (2016): 205–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ace-2015-0117.

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AbstractThe objective of this paper is to present a probabilistic method of analyzing the combinations of snow and wind loads using meteorological data and to determine their combination factors. Calculations are based on data measured at twelve Polish meteorological stations operated by the Institute for Meteorology and Water Management. Data provided are from the years 1966 - 2010. Five combinations of snow load and 10-minute mean wind velocity pressure have been considered. Gumbel probability distribution has been used to fit the empirical distributions of the data. As a result, the interde

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Mensah, Kwesi, and Jong Min Choi. "Peak and Annual Snow Load Pattern for Effective Snow Melting System Design in Republic of Korea." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 23, no. 04 (2015): 1550031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132515500315.

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Snowstorm, slippery pedestrian walkways, ice and snow on pavement and roofs of structures continue to serve as a threat to life and infrastructure in many low temperature nations. Owing to these menaces coupled with an increase in the demand and cost of energy globally, engineers and planners are tasked to design effective and efficient green technologies to counterbalance these demands. Snow melting systems are gradually gaining widespread application in the areas of bridge, pavements and roofs of buildings. Snow melting loads are an integral part in the design of snow melting systems. This p

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Li, Fang Hui, Ming Gu, Zhen Hua Ni, and Shi Zhao Shen. "Method of the Snow Load for Design of the Low Rise Roof Structures in the Different Country Codes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 1220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.1220.

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Snow load is very important for the design of the large span roof structures in the cold region. The determine of the snow loads are influenced by many factors, such as wind, shape of the roof , terrain categories and so on, therefore comprehensive consideration of the transport and drift by the strong wind for design of the roof is very complex. Compared with other countries load codes, the China load code don’t detailed consider wind and snow interaction effect, the method of snow load for design has some further improved terms.

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O'Rourke, Michael, and Michael Auren. "Snow Loads on Gable Roofs." Journal of Structural Engineering 123, no. 12 (1997): 1645–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1997)123:12(1645).

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Tobiasson, Wayne, Michael O'Rourke, and Michael Auren. "Snow Loads on Gable Roofs." Journal of Structural Engineering 125, no. 4 (1999): 470–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1999)125:4(470).

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Sack, R. L. "Snow Loads on Sloped Roofs." Journal of Structural Engineering 114, no. 3 (1988): 501–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1988)114:3(501).

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Sack, Ronald L. "Designing Structures for Snow Loads." Journal of Structural Engineering 115, no. 2 (1989): 303–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1989)115:2(303).

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Sack, R. L., and D. Arnholtz. "Simulating uniform roof snow loads." Computers & Structures 30, no. 3 (1988): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(88)90283-0.

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DeBock, D. Jared, Abbie B. Liel, James R. Harris, Bruce R. Ellingwood, and Jeannette M. Torrents. "Reliability-Based Design Snow Loads. I: Site-Specific Probability Models for Ground Snow Loads." Journal of Structural Engineering 143, no. 7 (2017): 04017046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0001731.

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Kennedy, Timothy H. R., D. J. Laurie Kennedy, James G. MacGregor, and Donald A. Taylor. "Snow loads in the 1985 National Building Code of Canada: Curved roofs." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 12, no. 3 (1985): 427–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l85-051.

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In the 1985 edition of the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) the intensity of the specified snow load at any location on a roof is obtained by multiplying the ground snow load for the building locale by a series of factors. These factors reflect the overall reduction in average snow loads on roofs as compared with that on the ground, the effect of exposure to wind, the effect of roof slope, and the effect of drifting, sliding, creep, and drainage.The four loading cases for the design of curved roofs suggested in the Commentary on snow loads accompanying the 1980 NBCC were examined by det

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Gallego, Eutiquio, Jose María Fuentes, Alvaro Ramírez-Gómez, and Francisco Ayuga. "Effects of different snow load arrangements on steel silo roof structures." Advances in Structural Engineering 21, no. 16 (2017): 2507–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433217742526.

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Large diameter steel silos usually require a beam structure to support rooftop inspection gangways and resist loads derived from the snow and wind actions. The existence of localized overloads caused by drifted snow on roofs as a consequence of the wind action has been reported in the literature. European standard EN 1991-1-3 also considers the need of taking into account asymmetric patterns for snow loads calculation. However, conical roofs are not included in the specific list of cases considered by this standard. The present work compares the normal stresses and displacements produced in a

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Suvanto, Susanne, Aleksi Lehtonen, Seppo Nevalainen, et al. "Mapping the probability of forest snow disturbances in Finland." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (2021): e0254876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254876.

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The changing forest disturbance regimes emphasize the need for improved damage risk information. Here, our aim was to (1) improve the current understanding of snow damage risks by assessing the importance of abiotic factors, particularly the modelled snow load on trees, versus forest properties in predicting the probability of snow damage, (2) produce a snow damage probability map for Finland. We also compared the results for winters with typical snow load conditions and a winter with exceptionally heavy snow loads. To do this, we used damage observations from the Finnish national forest inven

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Ducloux, H., and B. E. Nygaard. "50 years return period wet-snow load estimation based on weather station data for overhead line design purpose." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, no. 8 (2014): 5139–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-5139-2014.

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Abstract. Historically, as far as wet-snow loads were concerned, overhead line design was often based on experience or on long-term applications with positive results. New standards like CENELEC EN 50341-1 (2012) take into account for the overhead line design characteristic loads, i.e. 50 years return period loads. This article proposes a method to estimate characteristic wet-snow loads based on meteorological data recorded at weather stations. The model used to calculate those loads is mainly inspired by a recent article written by Nygaard et al. (2013a) in which a new parameterization is pro

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LEBEDEVA, I. V., M. I. FARFEL, D. Yu KONYASHIN, and M. M. BEREZIN. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SNOW LOAD DISTRIBUTION ON A SHELL OF THE GRAND SPORTS ARENA OF LUZHNIKI OLYMPIC COMPLEX." Bulletin of Science and Research Center of Construction 35, no. 4 (2023): 40–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37538/2224-9494-2022-4(35)-40-61.

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Introduction. The mechanism of the formation of snow deposits on the shell of the Luzhniki GSA and their redistribution in winter were established on the basis of the data obtained during the monitoring of the snow load for over 20 years.Aim. In this article, the mechanism of the formation of snow deposits and their distribution on the shell of the Luzhniki GSA were determined, along with the numerical values of the form factor μ characterizing the transition from the ground snow load to the snow load on the shell.Materials and methods. The measurements of the load and density of snow deposits

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Hordeiev, Vadym, Oleksandr Kordun, Victor Pashynskyi, and Mykola Pashynskyi. "Analysis of trends in long-term changes in climatic loads." Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Technical Sciences 2, no. 9(40) (2024): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2664-262x.2024.9(40).2.49-59.

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The purpose of the work is to identify changes in the characteristic values of loads from snow and wind over the past decades, as well as to justify the need to take these changes into account when developing load standards for buildings and structures. Characteristic values of wind pressure are determined by the probabilistic model of a random process. The necessary parameters of the Weibull distribution for 13 weather stations of Ukraine are determined by the histograms of the distribution of the results of wind speed measurements obtained in three different periods of meteorological observa

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Belostotsky, Alexander, Oleg Goryachevsky, and Nikita Britikov. "CRITICAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL MODELLING OF SNOW ACCUMULATION ON ROOFS WITH ARBITRARY GEOMETRY." International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering 17, no. 4 (2021): 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2021-17-4-22-39.

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A review of the most significant domestic and, due to numerical superiority, foreign works on physical modelling of snow transport and snow accumulation processes, in particular, for the purpose of determining snow loads on roofs with arbitrary geometry, is presented. The existing practice of development of recommendations on assignment of snow loads in Russian laboratories is considered and critically evaluated. Comparison of do-mesticworks with scientific articles in the advanced world scientific journals and foreign regulatory documents leads to unfavorable conclusions. Recommendations on a

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Zhang, Zhibo, Wenyong Ma, Qiang Li, and Sai Li. "Snow Load Shape Coefficients and Snow Prevention Method for Stepped Flat Roofs." Applied Sciences 13, no. 22 (2023): 12109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132212109.

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Excessive snow load and nonuniform snow deposition are the main factors leading to building collapses. The snow load shape coefficient represents the dimensionless snow load, and its value is related to the unbalanced distribution of snow. The snow load shape coefficients for stepped flat roofs vary greatly in the codes of different regions, which always leads to underestimation of snow loads. We need a widely used standard for snow load shape coefficients. Therefore, through a combination of field measurements and numerical simulations, this study probes the snow accumulation processes and sn

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Croce, Pietro, Paolo Formichi, and Filippo Landi. "Extreme Ground Snow Loads in Europe from 1951 to 2100." Climate 9, no. 9 (2021): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli9090133.

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Lightweight roofs are extremely sensitive to extreme snow loads, as confirmed by recently occurring failures all over Europe. Obviously, the problem is further emphasized in warmer climatic areas, where low design values are generally foreseen for snow loads. Like other climatic actions, representative values of snow loads provided in structural codes are usually derived by means of suitable elaborations of extreme statistics, assuming climate stationarity over time. As climate change impacts are becoming more and more evident over time, that hypothesis is becoming controversial, so that suita

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Tamura, Moriaki. "An automatic system for controlling snow on roofs." Annals of Glaciology 18 (1993): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500011356.

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In Honshu Island, Japan, tremendous amounts of snow falls over a vast area facing the Sea of Japan. The depth of deposited snow sometimes exceeds 2 m, even in urban areas. The weight of snow on roofs can damage conventional wooden houses. It is of great importance, therefore, to monitor and control roof snow loads. A model system has been developed for controlling snow on roofs. A precipitation detector capable of differentiating between solid and liquid precipitation and a water gauge for detecting the meltwater from a roof are combined to estimate the roof snow load. When the calculated load

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Ducloux, H., and B. E. Nygaard. "50-year return-period wet-snow load estimation based on weather station data for overhead line design in France." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 11 (2014): 3031–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-3031-2014.

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Abstract. Historically, as far as wet-snow loads were concerned, overhead line design was often based on experience or long-term applications with positive results. New standard like CENELEC EN 50341-1 (2012) take into account characteristic loads, i.e. 50-year return-period loads, for the overhead line design. This article proposes a method to estimate characteristic wet-snow loads based on meteorological data recorded at weather stations. The model used to calculate those loads is mainly inspired by a recent article written by Nygaard et al. (2013a) in which a new parameterization is propose

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Meng, Fan, Fang Hui Li, Ming Gu, and Shi Zhao Shen. "Practical Design Method of the Snow Load for the Low Rise Roof Structures." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 791–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.791.

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The large span roof structures need to be designed to withstand wind and snow loads. This paper presents practical design method of snow load for low rise roof structures in GB 50009-2001(China), ASCE 7-10, AIJ 2006, NBCC 2005 and Euro code 2003, and discusses approaches to improving consistency and uniformity of methods by comparison of the differences and similarities of wind and snow provisions in the codes of various countries.

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O'Rourke, Michael J., Robert S. Speck, and Ulrich Stiefel. "Drift Snow Loads on Multilevel Roofs." Journal of Structural Engineering 111, no. 2 (1985): 290–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1985)111:2(290).

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Sack, Ronald L., De Ann Arnholtz, and Jess S. Haldeman. "Sloped Roof Snow Loads Using Simulation." Journal of Structural Engineering 113, no. 8 (1987): 1820–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1987)113:8(1820).

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Schmidlin, Thomas W., Dennis J. Edgell, and Molly A. Delaney. "Design Ground Snow Loads for Ohio." Journal of Applied Meteorology 31, no. 6 (1992): 622–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<0622:dgslfo>2.0.co;2.

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Yazdani, S., R. Henrichs, and R. Osten. "Retrofitting Building Frames for Snow Loads." Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 7, no. 3 (2002): 122–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0680(2002)7:3(122).

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Giever, Paul M., and R. L. Sack. "Similitude considerations for roof snow loads." Cold Regions Science and Technology 19, no. 1 (1990): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-232x(90)90018-r.

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Guan, Xiaoshu, Huipin Chen, Jian He, and Xiaodan Sun. "Investigation of Snow Load Effects on Modal Parameters of a Steel Structure Roof." Shock and Vibration 2018 (September 13, 2018): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7018325.

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Snowfall is one of the environmental factors that can cause effects on the identification of structural modal parameters. For the steel structure roof of the Harbin Railway Station, effects of snow load to the modal parameters were investigated. A single-span simply supported beam was analysed from the theoretical perspective to study the principles. FEM-based analyses were conducted for the steel structure roof to illustrate the significance of the snow load effects to modal parameters. Uniformly and nonuniformly distributed snow loads were regarded as the essential factors influencing modal

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Bannikov, D. O., A. V. Radkevych, and S. M. Kosiachevska. "Changes to the Regulatory Definition of Climatic Loads and Impacts on Building Structures." Science and Transport Progress, no. 1(105) (March 8, 2024): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2024/301645.

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Purpose. The main purpose of the publication is a qualitative and quantitative analysis of changes in climate loads associated with the introduction of the DBN V.1.2–2:2006 standard in the national regulatory framework, compared to the previous standard, as well as further changes to this standard. Methodology. To achieve this goal, both the standards for determining loads and impacts on building structures and the Amendments introduced, which provided for a number of innovations, were considered. The main emphasis is placed on the methodology for determining various types of climatic loads, i

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Poddaeva, Olga. "EXPERIMENTAL MODELING OF SNOW ACTION ON UNIQUE CONSTRUCTION FACILITIES." Architecture and Engineering 6, no. 2 (2021): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-2-45-51.

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Introduction: In modern civil engineering, repetitive architecture gives way to unique buildings. However, the available laws and regulations do not provide any recommendations for setting loads on unique construction facilities. The foregoing is fully true for snow loads as well. The Regulations “Loads and Actions” include a method to calculate snow loads for standard roof shapes. Methods: This paper proposes a method of experimental modeling for snowdrifts and snow deposits on complex roof shapes that differ from the standard shapes described in the Regulations, using wind tunnels of archite

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