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Journal articles on the topic 'Snowball effects'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Koeberl, Christian, and Boris A. Ivanov. "Asteroid impact effects on Snowball Earth." Meteoritics & Planetary Science 54, no. 10 (2019): 2273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/maps.13294.

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2

Mc Avoy, Thomas J. "Using Optimization to Detect Snowball Effects." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 37, no. 9 (2004): 941–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)31929-8.

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3

OKAMOTO, Yasuharu. "Effects of Biases in Snowball Sampling." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 76 (September 11, 2012): 1EVA20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.76.0_1eva20.

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Luyben, William L. "Snowball effects in reactor/separator processes with recycle." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 33, no. 2 (1994): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00026a019.

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5

Dror, Itiel E. "Biased and Biasing: The Hidden Bias Cascade and Bias Snowball Effects." Behavioral Sciences 15, no. 4 (2025): 490. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15040490.

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Cognitive bias is widespread, hidden, and difficult to deal with. It impacts each and every aspect of the justice and legal systems, from the initial engagement of police officers attending the crime scene, through the forensic examination, and all the way to the final outcome of the jurors’ verdict and the judges’ sentencing. It impacts not only the subjective elements in the justice and legal systems but also the more objective scientific elements, such as forensic fingerprinting and DNA. The impact of bias on each of these elements has mainly been researched and considered in silo, neglecti

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Audemard, Julien. "Objectifying Contextual Effects. The Use of Snowball Sampling in Political Sociology." Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique 145, no. 1 (2020): 30–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0759106319888703.

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The statistical objectification of the contextual dimension of human behaviors, namely the part played by the interactions that individuals have with the people that they encounter in the places they frequent, often seems to be methodological gauntletly challenging. Among the different strategies that propose to achieve this objective, snowball sampling allows for isolating personal networks directly. This article interrogates the conditions of implementation of snowball sampling, as well as how the statistical materials that it produces are used in contextual analysis. I demonstrate why and h

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Markovich, Sarit. "Snowball: A dynamic oligopoly model with indirect network effects." Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 32, no. 3 (2008): 909–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2007.04.005.

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Yang, J., Y. Hu, and W. R. Peltier. "Radiative effects of ozone on the climate of a Snowball Earth." Climate of the Past Discussions 8, no. 4 (2012): 3583–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-8-3583-2012.

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Abstract. Some geochemical and geological evidence suggests that the concentration of atmospheric oxygen was only 1–10% of the present level in the time interval from 750 to 580 million years ago when several nearly global glaciations or Snowball Earth events occurred. This low concentration of oxygen would have been accompanied by lower ozone concentration than present. Since ozone is a greenhouse gas, this change in ozone concentration would alter surface temperature, and thereby could have an important influence on the climate of the Snowball Earth. Previous works for either initiation or d

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Persson, Petra, Xinyao Qiu, and Maya Rossin-Slater. "Family Spillover Effects of Marginal Diagnoses: The Case of ADHD." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 17, no. 2 (2025): 225–56. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20230303.

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The health care system uses patient family medical history in many settings, and this practice is widely believed to improve the efficiency of health care allocation. This paper provides a counterpoint by documenting that reliance on hereditary information can amplify the misallocation of low-value care. We study Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and show that reliance on family medical history generates a “snowball effect”—the propagation of an original marginal diagnosis to a patient’s relatives. This snowball effect raises the private and social costs of low-value care. (JEL H51, I12

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Yang, J., Y. Hu, and W. R. Peltier. "Radiative effects of ozone on the climate of a Snowball Earth." Climate of the Past 8, no. 6 (2012): 2019–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-2019-2012.

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Abstract. Some geochemical and geological evidence has been interpreted to suggest that the concentration of atmospheric oxygen was only 1–10 % of the present level in the time interval from 750 to 580 million years ago when several nearly global glaciations or Snowball Earth events occurred. This low concentration of oxygen would have been accompanied by a lower ozone concentration than exists at present. Since ozone is a greenhouse gas, this change in ozone concentration would alter surface temperature, and thereby could have an important influence on the climate of the Snowball Earth. Previ

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11

Bukowski, William M., Brett Laursen, and Betsy Hoza. "The snowball effect: Friendship moderates escalations in depressed affect among avoidant and excluded children." Development and Psychopathology 22, no. 4 (2010): 749–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457941000043x.

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AbstractA three-wave longitudinal study conducted with preadolescent boys and girls (N = 231 at Time 1 [T1]) was used to assess the hypotheses that aspects of social withdrawal would be predictors of a “snowball” cascade of depressed affect, and that friendship experiences would moderate these effects. Consistent with these hypotheses, multilevel modeling showed that measures of avoidance and exclusion at T1 were associated with concurrent levels of depressed affect and were antecedent to escalating trajectories of depressed affect over time. These accelerating growth curves fit a snowball cas

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Batra, Kyle, and Stephanie L. Olson. "Climatic Effects of Ocean Salinity on M Dwarf Exoplanets." Astrophysical Journal Letters 971, no. 1 (2024): L11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad63a5.

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Abstract Ocean salinity is known to dramatically affect the climates of Earth-like planets orbiting Sun-like stars, with high salinity leading to less ice and higher surface temperature. However, how ocean composition impacts climate under different conditions, such as around different types of stars or at different positions within the habitable zone, has not been investigated. We used ROCKE-3D, an ocean-atmosphere general circulation model, to simulate how planetary climate responds to ocean salinities for planets with G-star versus M dwarf hosts at several stellar fluxes. We find that incre

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13

Comeau, Darin, Douglas A. Kurtze, and Juan M. Restrepo. "A conceptual model of oceanic heat transport in the Snowball Earth scenario." Earth System Dynamics 7, no. 4 (2016): 937–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-937-2016.

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Abstract. Geologic evidence suggests that the Earth may have been completely covered in ice in the distant past, a state known as Snowball Earth. This is still the subject of controversy, and has been the focus of modeling work from low-dimensional models up to state-of-the-art general circulation models. In our present global climate, the ocean plays a large role in redistributing heat from the equatorial regions to high latitudes, and as an important part of the global heat budget, its role in the initiation a Snowball Earth, and the subsequent climate, is of great interest. To better unders

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MacDonald, Anna, Deonie Allen, and Elsa João. "A Pilot Assessment of a ‘Plastic Free Community’ Initiative, Respective Community Actions and Residents’ Behavior." Microplastics 1, no. 1 (2021): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microplastics1010004.

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The problems of plastic pollution are increasing and have been linked to sustainability efforts. Some communities have tried to tackle this issue by implementing ‘plastic free’ initiatives, such as the ‘Plastic Free Community’. Community initiatives foster change and encourage improved environmental outcomes; however, it is unclear if ‘plastic free’ initiatives have the capacity to ‘snowball’ into further sustainable behaviors or if they are a ‘distraction’ from more pressing environmental issues. This study presents the behavioral changes, snowball and distraction effects from the first Scott

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15

Coccia, E., E. Bodo, F. Marinetti, et al. "Bosonic helium droplets with cationic impurities: Onset of electrostriction and snowball effects from quantum calculations." Journal of Chemical Physics 126, no. 12 (2007): 124319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2712437.

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16

Swierczek, Artur. "The “snowball effect” in the transmission of disruptions in supply chains." International Journal of Logistics Management 27, no. 3 (2016): 1002–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-08-2015-0133.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the link between interorganizational integration with respect to its intensity and span, as well as the propagation and amplification of disruptions alongside a supply chain. Design/methodology/approach The paper opted for an exploratory study using a survey of companies. In order to extract the constructs manifesting the span and intensity of integration between companies in supply chains, the principal component analysis was employed. The obtained factor scores were then used as classification criteria in the cluster analysis. It enabled to inc

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Eberhard, Julius, Oliver E. Bevan, Georg Feulner, Stefan Petri, Jeroen van Hunen, and James U. L. Baldini. "Sensitivity of Neoproterozoic snowball-Earth inceptions to continental configuration, orbital geometry, and volcanism." Climate of the Past 19, no. 11 (2023): 2203–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2203-2023.

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Abstract. The Cryogenian period (720–635 million years ago) in the Neoproterozoic era featured two phases of global or near-global ice cover termed “snowball Earth”. Climate models of all kinds indicate that the inception of these phases must have occurred in the course of a self-amplifying ice–albedo feedback that forced the climate from a partially ice-covered to a snowball state within a few years or decades. The maximum concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) allowing such a drastic shift depends on the choice of model, the boundary conditions prescribed in the model, and the amo

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Galbiati, Roberto, Emeric Henry, and Nicolas Jacquemet. "Dynamic effects of enforcement on cooperation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 49 (2018): 12425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1813502115.

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In situations where social payoffs are not aligned with private incentives, enforcement with fines can be a way to sustain cooperation. In this paper we show, by the means of a laboratory experiment, that past fines can have an effect on current behavior even when no longer in force. We document two mechanisms: (i) Past fines affect directly individuals’ future propensity to cooperate, and (ii) when fines for noncooperation are in place in the past, individuals experience higher levels of cooperation from partners and, consistent with indirect reciprocity motives, are in turn nicer toward othe

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19

Alpuche-Manrique, Mariana, Teresa Rivera-Mejía, Nelly Ramírez-Corona, and Arturo Jiménez-Gutiérrez. "Steady state analysis of snowball effects for reaction–separation–recycle systems with thermally coupled distillation sequences." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 89, no. 11 (2011): 2207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2011.02.035.

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20

Liu, Yonggang, W. Richard Peltier, Jun Yang, Guido Vettoretti, and Yuwei Wang. "Strong effects of tropical ice-sheet coverage and thickness on the hard snowball Earth bifurcation point." Climate Dynamics 48, no. 11-12 (2016): 3459–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3278-1.

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21

Bogonondo, Bonit, and Yessy Artanti. "Effects of brand placement and player involvement on brand awareness: an empirical study on online game players." Diponegoro International Journal of Business 2, no. 1 (2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/dijb.2.1.2019.23-30.

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This paper examines the effects of brand placement and player involvement on brand awareness. The data in this study were collected from questionnaires distributed to 150 game players of online game with snowball sampling. Data analysis used multiple regression analysis. However, our prediction that there were effect of brand placement and player involvement on brand awareness was not supported. We presents the discussions in this paper.

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22

Curtius, Hans Christoph, Stefanie Lena Hille, Christian Berger, Ulf Joachim Jonas Hahnel, and Rolf Wüstenhagen. "Shotgun or snowball approach? Accelerating the diffusion of rooftop solar photovoltaics through peer effects and social norms." Energy Policy 118 (July 2018): 596–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.04.005.

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23

Sunil A Nair, Devinder K. Mehta, Ramesh Kumar, Sandeep Kansal, Rajesh K. Dogra, and Vinay Verma. "Exploitation of heterosis for yield contributing traits of late group of cauliflower." Indian Journal of Horticulture 82, no. 02 (2025): 139–46. https://doi.org/10.58993/ijh/2025.82.2.3.

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Cauliflower hybrids belonging to the late (Snowball) group were evaluated for their mean performance and heterosis using the Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system. A total of 30 F1 hybrids were developed by crossing three CMS lines with ten diverse testers through a Line × Tester mating design. These hybrids were assessed for ten key morphometric traits related to yield performance. Among the CMS lines, UHF-CAUCMS- 2 exhibited superior performance for most traits, except for days to 50% curd maturity and harvest index. Among the testers, PSBK-1, PSBKT-25, and Early London showed promis

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TIROLE, Jean. "From Pigou to Extended Liability: On the Optimal Taxation of Externalities under Imperfect Financial Markets." Review of Economic Studies 77, no. 2 (2010): 697–729. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-937X.2009.00585.x.

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Pigovian taxation of externalities has limited appeal if the tortfeaser has insufficient resources to pay the damage when it occurs. To defend Pigovian taxation in the presence of judgment-proof agents, its proponents point at the many institutions extending liability to third parties. Yet little is known about the validity of Pigou’s analysis in this context. The paper analyzes the costs and benefits of extended liability and investigates whether full internalization is called for in the presence of agency costs between potential tortfeasers and providers of guarantees. Its contribution is tw

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Coffie, Rosemary B., Alimatu Sardiya, Florence Ellis, and Eric Akaadom. "Can Downsizing Correlate with Community Development? A Complex Adaptive Systems Approach." Inkanyiso 13, no. 2 (2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ink.v13i2.2.

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Studies on retrenchment effects have mostly observed the organisation, the affected, and the survivors, overlooking that of the community. This study explores the effects of involuntary employee retrenchment on community development within the mining sector. Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered for the study by adopting a mixed-method approach using snowball and purposive sampling techniques. To establish the effects of retrenchment on the community, an exploratory factor analysis and content analysis were used, drawing on the philosophies of the complex adaptive systems theory. The

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Dragan, Irina-Maria, Alexandru Isaic-Maniu, and Ana-Maria Grigore. "Reading Among Students: A Study Using a Modified Version of the Snowball Method." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 10, no. 7 (2023): 56–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.107.15027.

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The reading crisis is a real phenomenon of the last few years, the fondness for reading is free falling, and the lack of interest is reflected in the increasingly poor results in the national evaluations of schoolchildren. In the long term, the effects of the lack of reading reflect on the quality of human resources, including the area of cultural intelligence. The Romanian authorities have initiated measures to stimulate reading, but the results are still modest. The research undertaken by us aimed at evaluating the duration of time allocated to reading by students of the 5th-8th grades from

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ALI, Dilshad SABRI. "The Effects of Political Parties on Women's Organization." PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 4, no. 1 (2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32936/pssj.v4i1.121.

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The aim of this research is to analyze statistics to understand the effect of political parties on women organizations and the obstacles they create for these organizations as they work for gaining their members’ rights. In the research, the quantitative method was used for collecting data, using a questioner. The research participants were chosen through snowball sampling in Erbil Governorate. The size of the sampling was 195 persons that their level of education was different. For analyzing the collected data SPSS software was used. The findings show that politics to a very low extent were o

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ATAKPU, Emmanuel Ora, Sunday Ade BELLO, and Aishetu Gogo NDAYAKO. "The Effects of Toxic Leadership on Employee Happiness." Journal of Economics, Finance And Management Studies 08, no. 02 (2025): 855–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14835843.

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This study explores the effects of toxic leadership traits, such as narcissism, autocracy, discriminatory behavior, and leadership insecurity, on various aspects of employee happiness, including job satisfaction, work environment, compensation, and professional development. A total of 92 respondents from professional WhatsApp groups were selected using purposive and snowball sampling. Data were collected through validated questionnaires on toxic leadership and employee happiness and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation, as well as linear regression. Results show a mode

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Zhang, Yali, Haixin Zhang, Zhaojun Yang, Jun Sun, and Chrissie Diane Tan. "Snowball Effect of User Participation in Online Environmental Communities: Elaboration Likelihood under Social Influence." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 17 (2019): 3198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173198.

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Ecological preservation and sustainable development depend on active public involvement. The emergence of online environmental communities greatly facilitates people’s participation in green endeavors. The population penetration of such platforms accelerates as existing users persuade people around them and media coverage further attracts public attention. This snowball effect plays an important role in the user base expansion, but the specific mechanism of social influence involved is yet to be examined. Based on the social influence theory, cognitive response theory, and elaboration likeliho

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Hu, Y., J. Yang, F. Ding, and W. R. Peltier. "Model-dependence of the CO<sub>2</sub> threshold for melting the hard Snowball Earth." Climate of the Past 7, no. 1 (2011): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-17-2011.

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Abstract. One of the critical issues of the Snowball Earth hypothesis is the CO2 threshold for triggering the deglaciation. Using Community Atmospheric Model version 3.0 (CAM3), we study the problem for the CO2 threshold. Our simulations show large differences from previous results (e.g. Pierrehumbert, 2004, 2005; Le Hir et al., 2007). At 0.2 bars of CO2, the January maximum near-surface temperature is about 268 K, about 13 K higher than that in Pierrehumbert (2004, 2005), but lower than the value of 270 K for 0.1 bar of CO2 in Le Hir et al. (2007). It is found that the difference of simulatio

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Hosain, Md Zamil, Md Shanto Islam, Md Shirazul Islam, and Md Siddiqur Rahman. "Online Betting Addiction in Higher Education: Effects on Academic and Mental Health." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation XI, no. VI (2024): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2024.1106002.

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This study examines the effect of online betting on university students in Bangladesh and provides a multifaceted analysis of its prevalence, academic and psychological impact, associated deviant activities, relationships between drug addiction and family dynamics. The research uses a mixed method approach and includes data from surveys and case studies, with a focus on two universities in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh. A purposive sampling method was used and 37 students from different departments were surveyed using the snowball sampling technique. The results show alarming trends, including hig

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Mustika, Mawar, Y. Johny Natu Prihanto, and P. M. Winarno. "The Effects of Compensation and Benefit Satisfaction on Turnover Intention." Conference Series 3, no. 2 (2021): 249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.34306/conferenceseries.v3i2.594.

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Most organizations now operate in a VUCA world. Companies must deal with challenges to find out how to effectively manage the talent. Many companies have difficulty reducing the turnover rate of employees. Some companies believe in minimizing employee turnover intention by providing attractive compensation and benefits. This study aims to see how compensation and benefits can reduce turnover intention through perceived organization support and affective organization commitment. This study adopted quantitative research methods; with 357 total samples, data were collected using the snowball samp

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Shin, JaeWon, and HyoungChul Shin. "Effects of Technostress on Psychological Contract Violation and Organizational Change Resistance." Behavioral Sciences 14, no. 9 (2024): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs14090768.

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This study investigates the effects of technostress perceived by employees on psychological contract violations and resistance to organizational change, as information and communication technology is applied to various tourism industry work sites. This study’s sample consisted of employees working in the Korean tourism industry in June 2023, who were surveyed using snowball sampling. Four hypotheses were proposed. First, technostress is associated with psychological contract violations. Second, psychological contract violations are associated with organizational change resistance. Third, techn

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Jarmani, Jarmani. "The Impact Of Social Media On Social Behavior Children In The City Of Surabaya." International Journal of Educational Research & Social Sciences 5, no. 1 (2024): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.51601/ijersc.v5i1.781.

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The primary issue with this study is how much children who are thought to have a strong interest in character development and child protection use communication media. Children in Surabaya City may be perceived to be influenced by the information and knowledge that the media presents. Qualitative research is the kind that this is. Data is acquired through Three methods: documentation, interviews, and observation. Techniques for data analysis are documented, data is gathered, and analysis is done to give categories meaning. The Snowball Sampling Technique is used to choose and determine researc

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Forte, Giovanni, Melania De Falco, Nicoletta Santangelo, and Antonio Santo. "Slope Stability in a Multi-Hazard Eruption Scenario (Santorini, Greece)." Geosciences 9, no. 10 (2019): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9100412.

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Under the European FP7 SNOWBALL project (2014–2017), the island of Santorini was used as a case study to validate a procedure to assess the possible multiple cascading effects caused by volcanic eruptions. From January 2011 to April 2012, the area was affected by low to moderate (Mw <3.2) seismic shaking, which caused concern regarding a possible volcanic eruption that ultimately failed to materialize. Assuming the worst-case scenario of a sub-Plinian eruption, this study provides insights into the approach adopted by the SNOWBALL project to identify the most critical areas (hot spots) for

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Matitaputty, Jean Stevany, and Priyo Hari Adi. "Machiavellianism dimensions, religiosity, social environment, and tax evasion." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis 24, no. 1 (2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24914/jeb.v24i1.3738.

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This research aims to investigate the effects of Machiavellianism dimensions that consist of the use of manipulative tactics, cynical views, and disregard of conventional morality on tax evasion. Further, we also analyze the effects of religiosity and social environment as the variables that control Machiavellianism behavior. The population in this research are individual taxpayers, and the sampling technique used is an online survey with the snowball sampling method. The criteria used in sampling are taxpayers who are self-employed or entrepreneurs. The data is then analyzed using the univari

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Huang, Yue, and Lu Suo. "The Effects of Social Capital on Chinese Consumers’ Online Impulse Buying in Social Commerce Environment." International Business Research 14, no. 8 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v14n8p1.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of social capital including social interaction, shared language and trust on Chinese consumer online impulse buying in social commerce platforms. To verify the hypothesis, we surveyed the Chinese customers who have buying experiences of using social commerce by snowball sampling technique. After analyzing 548 valid data, we confirmed that three dimensions of social capital, social interaction, shared language and trust, positively affects both peer intrinsic motivation and peer extrinsic motivation. In addition, peer motivation exerts a positi

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Alabi Oyetchola Agani, Rotimy, Rodrigue Sedjrofide Montcho, and Pr Yvette Onibon-Doubogan. "ANTI-EROSION STRATEGIES OF THE POPULATIONS OF PARAKOU FACED WITH THE EFFECTS OF RUNOFF WATER." International Journal of Advanced Research 13, no. 04 (2025): 894–901. https://doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/20792.

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One of the problems facing communities remains environmental degradation, mainly that of roads, due to rainfall parameters, soil nature and human activities. Faced with all this, populations develop adaptation strategies. This research aims to describe the different adaptation strategies implemented in the commune of Parakou. To achieve this, the methodological approach adopted is of a mixed type and is structured around documentary research and field surveys using an observation grid and an interview guide. Snowball sampling and reasoned choice techniques were retained and applied to intervie

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Tade, Oludayo, and Oluronke Dorcas Popoola. "‘…her aim was to ruin my reputation’: Cyberstalking Victimization Experiences among University Students in Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 19, no. 2 (2021): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/njsa/1202.91.0240.

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While global knowledge about cyberstalking is growing, intellectual engagement of the phenomenon in Nigeria is still at infancy and focused mainly on awareness. Scanty attention has however been paid to the nature of victimization experiences and its effects on victims. Against this background, this study investigated the nature and effects of cyberstalking among victims at the University of Ibadan. Using purposive and snowball sampling techniques, 30 victims of cyber stalking were subjected to indepth interview. Results indicated that their active online activities and the anonymity guarantee

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Agyapong, Dickson, John-Eudes Andivi Bakang, Collins Kwabena Osei, et al. "Assessment Of Labour Concerns And Perceived Effects On Cocoa Farm Operations In Ghana." International Journal on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources 5, no. 2 (2024): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.46676/ij-fanres.v5i2.314.

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Despite the crucial role of human labour in Ghana's cocoa farming sector, the industry grapples with pressing challenges that threaten its sustainability and productivity. This study considers the intricate dynamics of labour scarcity and rising costs, focusing on the Tafo District, Ghana. We specifically collected data from 100 cocoa farmers who have been farming for over 20 years in the Tafo District using the purposive sampling method, and selected 10 cocoa labourers using a snowball technique. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the data using SPSS and Excel spreadsheet. Labour scarcity

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Drolet, Julie L., Caroline McDonald-Harker, Nasreen Lalani, Meagan McNichol, Matthew R. G. Brown, and Peter H. Silverstone. "Social, Economic and Health Effects of the 2016 Alberta Wildfires: Pediatric Resilience." Journal of Disaster Research 15, no. 7 (2020): 833–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2020.p0833.

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The 2016 Alberta wildfires resulted in devastating human, socio-economic, and environmental impacts. Very little research has examined pediatric resilience (5–18 years) in disaster-affected communities in Canada. This article discusses the effects of the wildfire on child and youth mental health, community perspectives on how to foster resilience post-disaster, and lessons learned about long-term disaster recovery by drawing on data collected from 75 community influencers following the 2016 Alberta wildfires. Community influencers engaged in the delivery of services and programs for children,

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Cha, Myungsuk, Jun-Gi Park, and Jungwoo Lee. "Effects of team member psychological proximity on teamwork performance." Team Performance Management 20, no. 1/2 (2014): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tpm-03-2013-0007.

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Purpose – The aim of this paper is to examine whether team-members' psychological proximity affects the degree of teamwork quality and therefore affecting the team performance. Design/methodology/approach – A survey instrument was developed based on extant literature reviews, and administered among information technology professionals. Collected data were analysed using partial least square (PLS) method. Findings – Team-members' psychological proximity is found to be significantly related to teamwork quality. The magnitude of relational coefficients between sub-dimensions of psychological prox

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DRUZIN, Bryan H. "Why does Soft Law Have any Power Anyway?" Asian Journal of International Law 7, no. 2 (2016): 361–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2044251316000229.

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AbstractThis paper explains why so much soft law is widely adopted and followed despite lacking legal and coercive force. It argues that legal standards are susceptible to network effects. Network effects occur when the value of a standard to a user increases as the number of other agents using the same standard grows, which in turn draws more users to the standard. This can trigger a spontaneous coalescence around a standard in a “snowball effect” fashion. The paper argues that many areas of soft law exhibit strong network effects, rendering such soft law uniquely calibrated to induce volunta

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Zaidi, Ambreen, Fozia Malik, and Sana Iqbal. "Effect of Creative Leadership on Innovative Work Behavior Mediated by Employee Creativity and Innovative Culture in Advertising and Media Industry." Human Nature Journal of Social Sciences 5, no. 4 (2024): 190–206. https://doi.org/10.71016/hnjss/66763987.

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Aim of the Study: This study investigates the effect of creative leadership on innovative work behavior (IWB), emphasizing the mediating roles of employee creativity and innovative culture. Methodology: Utilizing a quantitative research design, data was collected through snowball sampling and an online questionnaire distributed via social media platforms such as WhatsApp, Instagram, and Facebook to Advertising and Media Industry of Pakistan. Findings: The analysis, conducted using SPSS and Hayes' Process Macro, involved 199 respondents and revealed that creative leadership significantly impact

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Salma, Aqidah Nuril. "PENGARUH SPONSORSHIP DALAM MENINGKATKAN BRAND AWARENESS (Studi pada Sponsorship Garuda Indonesia Terhadap Liverpool FC sebagai Global Official Airline Partner)." INJECT (Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication) 2, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/inject.v2i1.1-26.

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Garuda Indonesia is the first and the only airline in Indonesia that implement sponsorship programs with international soccer club, Liverpool FC. This study uses sponsorship dimension consisting of target audience reach, compatibility with the company’s or brand positioning, and message capacity. This research applies quantitative approach and involves 83 respondents as samples collected by non-probability and snowball sampling techniques. The results suggest that sponsorship has a strong effects towards brand awareness. Futher, multiple regression analysis also indicates that the dimensions o

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Anam Alina, Junaid Jahangir, and Saqib Malik. "Improving Branchless Banking in Berlin Germany: The Effects of Promotional Strategies." Administrative and Management Sciences Journal 2, no. 1 (2023): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.59365/amsj.2(1).2023.61.

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Purpose of current study was to evaluate the function and importance of promotional strategies in branchless banking (BB) to capture a sizable portion of untargeted and unaddressed branchless banking volume in Germany. In both emerging and developed countries, commercial banks promote, influence, and integrate economic activities. This study aimed to determine importance of branchless banking in Berlin, Germany, to alleviate pressure on traditional banking practices. BB is used as a dependent variable, whereas promotional strategies such as below the line (BTL) and above the line (ATL) marketi

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Wulandari, Ratna Feti, Ratih Kusuma Wardhani, and Vide Bahtera Dinastiti. "Analysis Of Environmental Effects On Adolescent Dating Patterns In The Pare Sub-District, Kediri Regency." STRADA Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan 9, no. 2 (2020): 1114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30994/sjik.v9i2.452.

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This study examined environmental effects that impact on dating patterns of adolescent. Unhealthy dating patterns indicate adolescent sexual behavior when they were dating. The impact of sexual behavior is unwanted pregnancies and early marriages, thereby increasing the risk of infection during labor and even death and childbirth defects. This study aims to analyze the influence of environment on adolescent dating patterns. This research design used cross sectional method and the sample was collected on 300 respondents using the snowball sampling technique. Data was analyzed using the Rank Spe

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Yusri, Yusmariaziani, and Daniella Mokhtar. "The Effects of Socialization Tactics on Graduate Employability and Organizational Commitment Among Malaysian Newcomer Employees." Journal of Population and Social Studies 33 (November 14, 2025): 684–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.25133/jpssv332025.037.

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Despite the growing interest in organizational socialization tactics, research on this topic remained in its infancy and required further in-depth study, particularly in Malaysia. Especially in the case of newly graduated newcomers. Current research aimed to study socialization tactics’ influence on graduates’ employability and organizational commitment among newly graduated newcomers in Malaysia. The data for this study were gathered from 401 Malaysian respondents with varied career backgrounds. The snowball sampling technique and convenience sampling were used for data collection. Through Pe

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Jatmiko, Anang R., M. Fathurroman, Khoiruddin ., Hasanuddin ., and Thomson Pranggono. "Post-Pandemic Economic Recovery of Village Communities in SME Sectors through Night Markets." JOURNAL OF SHARIA ECONOMICS 5, no. 1 (2023): 212–23. https://doi.org/10.35896/jse.v5i1.564.

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This study aims to investigate the effects of village community's economic recovery on SME sectors in the post-pandemic era in Gudo District, Jombang Regency. A qualitative research was descriptively employed as the methodology approach. The investigation period began between February and April of 2022. The subjects were night market vendors who sold products on the street. By the snowball sampling method, the subjects were randomly selected. In this investigation, the data analysis techniques consisted of three steps: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The study found that

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Dror, Itiel E., Ruth M. Morgan, Carolyn Rando, and Sherry Nakhaeizadeh. "Letter to the Editor - The Bias Snowball and the Bias Cascade Effects: Two Distinct Biases that May Impact Forensic Decision Making." Journal of Forensic Sciences 62, no. 3 (2017): 832–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.13496.

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