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1
Lee, Sang-Hyo, and Hae-Sool Yang. "Usability Evaluation Method for SOA Software." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 10, no. 7 (2009): 1575–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2009.10.7.1575.
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Vasava, V. M. "ATLIST Method: Exploits Vulnerability in SOA." IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering 1, no. 4 (2012): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0661-0144853.
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Shi, Shangshang, Hailong Wang, Qian Gong, Zhitang Song, and Songlin Feng. "Refined sectionalized method of QD-SOA." Optik 125, no. 1 (2014): 504–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2013.07.015.
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Pulparambil, Supriya, Youcef Baghdadi, Abdullah Al-Hamdani, and Mohammed Al-Badawi. "Exploring the main building blocks of SOA method: SOA maturity model perspective." Service Oriented Computing and Applications 11, no. 2 (2017): 217–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11761-017-0207-z.
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Shuai, Wen Ming, and Xiu Fen Fu. "A Method of Heterogeneous Data Integration Based on SOA." Applied Mechanics and Materials 536-537 (April 2014): 494–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.536-537.494.
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With the rapid development of information technology, the growth of heterogeneous Web data and the requirements of access to the Web of data also is growing. In view of this, a method of heterogeneous data integration based on SOA(Service-Oriented Architecture) is proposed. This method combines the technology of middleware and SOA design, using XML and Web services technologies, presents a framework of heterogeneous data integration based on SOA, and introduces the architecture of SOA data integration middleware. Experimental results show that this method reduces the coupling of heterogeneous data integration system effectively, and improves the scalability of the system.
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Stein, Sebastian, Jens Lauer, and Konstantin Ivanov. "ARIS Method Extension for Business-Driven SOA." WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK 50, no. 6 (2008): 436–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s11576-008-0090-5.
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WU, LEI, and ZHEN WEI. "THE MODEL-DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT METHOD BASED ON THE IMPROVED FEATURE ANALYSIS." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 10, no. 01 (2011): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219686711002090.
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Aiming at the shortcomings of the modeling analysis of traditional Feature-Oriented Analysis Approach under service oriented architecture SOA, and providing more reusability and flexibility to the development of SOA system, this paper makes an improvement on Feature-Oriented Analysis Approach. It introduces the concept of service feature and improves the refinement and interaction description of feature models. On the basis of this, it proposes a method of domain analysis in SOA. In addition, in view of the fact that web services act as a technology available to implement SOA, it presents a method to transform feature model into interface model and composite model of web services. Finally, this method's application in ERP system project in publishing is verified as an example to show that it is feasible to improve software development efficiency.
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Aribowo, Widi, Supari Muslim, Fendi Achmad, and Aditya Chandra Hermawan. "Improving Neural Network Based on Seagull Optimization Algorithm for Controlling DC Motor." Jurnal Elektronika dan Telekomunikasi 21, no. 1 (2021): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jet.v21.48-54.
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This article presents a direct current (DC) motor control approach using a hybrid Seagull Optimization Algorithm (SOA) and Neural Network (NN) method. SOA method is a nature-inspired algorithm. DC motor speed control is very important to maintain the stability of motor operation. The SOA method is an algorithm that duplicates the life of the seagull in nature. Neural network algorithms will be improved using the SOA method. The neural network used in this study is a feed-forward neural network (FFNN). This research will focus on controlling DC motor speed. The efficacy of the proposed method is compared with the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) method, the Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN), and the Cascade Forward Backpropagation Neural Network (CFBNN). From the results of the study, the proposed control method has good capabilities compared to standard neural methods, namely FFNN and CFBNN. Integral Time Absolute Error and Square Error (ITAE and ITSE) values from the proposed method are on average of 0.96% and 0.2% better than the FFNN and CFBNN methods.
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Heringa, M. F., P. F. DeCarlo, R. Chirico, et al. "A new method to discriminate secondary organic aerosols from different sources using high-resolution aerosol mass spectra." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 10 (2011): 29055–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-29055-2011.
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Abstract. Organic aerosol (OA) represents a significant and often major fraction of the non-refractory PM1 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter da < 1 μm) mass. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is an important contributor to the OA and can be formed from biogenic and anthropogenic precursors. Here we present results from the characterization of SOA produced from the emissions of three different anthropogenic sources. SOA from a log wood burner, a Euro 2 diesel car and a two-stroke Euro 2 scooter were characterized with an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-TOF-AMS) and compared to SOA from α-pinene. The emissions were sampled from the chimney/tailpipe by a heated inlet system and filtered before injection into a smog chamber. The gas phase emissions were irradiated by xenon arc lamps to initiate photo-chemistry which led to nucleation and subsequent particle growth by SOA production. Duplicate experiments were performed for each SOA type, with the averaged organic mass spectra in the m/z range 12–250 showing Pearson's r values >0.94 for the correlations between the different SOA types after 5 h of aging. High-resolution mass spectra (HR-MS) showed that the dominant peaks in the MS, m/z 43 and 44, are dominated by the oxygenated ions C2H3O+ and CO2+, respectively, similarly to the relatively fresh semi-volatile oxidized OA (SV-OOA) observed in the ambient aerosol. The atomic O : C ratios were found to be in the range of 0.25–0.55 with no major increase during the first 5 h of aging. On average, the diesel SOA showed the lowest O : C ratio followed by SOA from wood burning, α-pinene and the scooter emissions. Grouping the fragment ions based on their carbon number revealed that the SOA source with the highest O : C ratio had the largest fraction of small ions. Fragment ions containing up to 3 carbon atoms accounted for 66%, 68%, 72% and 76% of the organic spectrum of the SOA produced by the diesel car, wood burner, α-pinene and the scooter, respectively. The HR data of the four sources could be clustered and separated using principal component analysis (PCA). The model showed a significant separation of the four SOA types and clustering of the duplicate experiments on the first two principal components (PCs), which explained 79% of the total variance. Projection of ambient SV-OOA spectra resolved by positive matrix factorization (PMF) showed that this approach could be useful to identify large contributions of the tested SOA sources to SV-OOA. The first results from this study indicate that the SV-OOA in Barcelona is strongly influenced by diesel emissions in winter while in summer at SIRTA at the southwestern edge of Paris SV-OOA is more similar to alpha-pinene SOA. However, contributions to the ambient SV-OOA from SOA sources that are not covered by the model can cause major interference and therefore future expansions of the PCA model with additional SOA sources is recommended.
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Heringa, M. F., P. F. DeCarlo, R. Chirico, et al. "A new method to discriminate secondary organic aerosols from different sources using high-resolution aerosol mass spectra." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 4 (2012): 2189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-2189-2012.
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Abstract. Organic aerosol (OA) represents a significant and often major fraction of the non-refractory PM1 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter da < 1 μm) mass. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is an important contributor to the OA and can be formed from biogenic and anthropogenic precursors. Here we present results from the characterization of SOA produced from the emissions of three different anthropogenic sources. SOA from a log wood burner, a Euro 2 diesel car and a two-stroke Euro 2 scooter were characterized with an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-TOF-AMS) and compared to SOA from α-pinene. The emissions were sampled from the chimney/tailpipe by a heated inlet system and filtered before injection into a smog chamber. The gas phase emissions were irradiated by xenon arc lamps to initiate photo-chemistry which led to nucleation and subsequent particle growth by SOA production. Duplicate experiments were performed for each SOA type, with the averaged organic mass spectra showing Pearson's r values >0.94 for the correlations between the four different SOA types after five hours of aging. High-resolution mass spectra (HR-MS) showed that the dominant peaks in the MS, m/z 43 and 44, are dominated by the oxygenated ions C2H3O+ and CO2+, respectively, similarly to the relatively fresh semi-volatile oxygenated OA (SV-OOA) observed in the ambient aerosol. The atomic O:C ratios were found to be in the range of 0.25–0.55 with no major increase during the first five hours of aging. On average, the diesel SOA showed the lowest O:C ratio followed by SOA from wood burning, α-pinene and the scooter emissions. Grouping the fragment ions revealed that the SOA source with the highest O:C ratio had the largest fraction of small ions. The HR data of the four sources could be clustered and separated using principal component analysis (PCA). The model showed a significant separation of the four SOA types and clustering of the duplicate experiments on the first two principal components (PCs), which explained 79% of the total variance. Projection of ambient SV-OOA spectra resolved by positive matrix factorization (PMF) showed that this approach could be useful to identify large contributions of the tested SOA sources to SV-OOA. The first results from this study indicate that the SV-OOA in Barcelona is strongly influenced by diesel emissions in winter while in summer at SIRTA at the southwestern edge of Paris SV-OOA is more similar to alpha-pinene SOA. However, contributions to the ambient SV-OOA from SOA sources that are not covered by the model can cause major interference and therefore future expansions of the PCA model with additional SOA sources is recommended.
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Hu, W. W., P. Campuzano-Jost, B. B. Palm, et al. "Characterization of a real-time tracer for Isoprene Epoxydiols-derived Secondary Organic Aerosol (IEPOX-SOA) from aerosol mass spectrometer measurements." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 8 (2015): 11223–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-11223-2015.
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Abstract. Substantial amounts of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) can be formed from isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX), which are oxidation products of isoprene mainly under low-NO conditions. Total IEPOX-SOA, which may include SOA formed from other parallel isoprene low-NO oxidation pathways, was quantified by applying Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) to aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) measurements. The IEPOX-SOA fractions of OA in multiple field studies across several continents are summarized here and show consistent patterns with the concentration of gas-phase IEPOX simulated by the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model. During the SOAS study, 78% of IEPOX-SOA is accounted for the measured molecular tracers, making it the highest level of molecular identification of an ambient SOA component to our knowledge. Enhanced signal at C5H6O+ (m/z 82) is found in PMF-resolved IEPOX-SOA spectra. To investigate the suitability of this ion as a tracer for IEPOX-SOA, we examine fC5H6O ( fC5H6O = C5H6O+/OA) across multiple field, chamber and source datasets. A background of ~ 1.7 ± 0.1‰ is observed in studies strongly influenced by urban, biomass-burning and other anthropogenic primary organic aerosol (POA). Higher background values of 3.1 ± 0.8‰ are found in studies strongly influenced by monoterpene emissions. The average laboratory monoterpene SOA value (5.5 ± 2.0‰) is 4 times lower than the average for IEPOX-SOA (22 ± 7‰). Locations strongly influenced by isoprene emissions under low-NO levels had higher fC5H6O (~ 6.5 ± 2.2‰ on average) than other sites, consistent with the expected IEPOX-SOA formation in those studies. fC5H6O in IEPOX-SOA is always elevated (12–40‰) but varies substantially between locations, which is shown to reflect large variations in its detailed molecular composition. The low fC5H6O (< 3‰) observed in non IEPOX-derived isoprene-SOA indicates that this tracer ion is specifically enhanced from IEPOX-SOA, and is not a tracer for all SOA from isoprene. We introduce a graphical diagnostic to study the presence and aging of IEPOX-SOA as a "triangle plot" of fCO2 vs. fC5H6O. Finally, we develop a simplified method to estimate ambient IEPOX-SOA mass concentrations, which is shown to perform well compared to the full PMF method. The uncertainty of the tracer method is up to a factor of ~ 2 if the fC5H6O of the local IEPOX-SOA is not available. When only unit mass resolution data is available, as with the aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM), all methods may perform less well because of increased interferences from other ions at m/z 82. This study clarifies the strengths and limitations of the different AMS methods for detection of IEPOX-SOA and will enable improved characterization of this OA component.
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Jung, Christian, Manuel Rudolph, and Reinhard Schwarz. "Security Evaluation of Service-Oriented Systems Using the SiSOA Method." International Journal of Secure Software Engineering 2, no. 4 (2011): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jsse.2011100102.
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The Service-Oriented Architecture paradigm (SOA) is commonly applied for the implementation of complex, distributed business processes. The service-oriented approach promises higher flexibility, interoperability and reusability of the IT infrastructure. However, evaluating the quality attribute security of such complex SOA configurations is not sufficiently mastered yet. To tackle this complex problem, the authors developed a method for evaluating the security of existing service-oriented systems on the architectural level. The method is based on recovering security-relevant facts about the system by using reverse engineering techniques and subsequently providing automated support for further interactive security analysis at the structural level. By using generic, system-independent indicators and a knowledge base, the method is not limited to a specific programming language or technology. Therefore, the method can be applied to various systems and adapt it to specific evaluation needs. The paper describes the general structure of the method, the knowledge base, and presents an instantiation aligned to the Service Component Architecture (SCA) specification.
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LANG, Jiong, Yan-bing LIU, and Shi-yong XIONG. "Data integration method based on SOA software architecture." Journal of Computer Applications 30, no. 9 (2010): 2370–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1087.2010.02370.
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Delac, Goran, Marin Silic, and Sinisa Srbljic. "A Reliability Improvement Method for SOA-Based Applications." IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 12, no. 2 (2015): 136–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2014.2327971.
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Wang, Chao, Hong Tao Hou, Qun Li, and Wei Ping Wang. "Parallel Schedule Method of SMP2 Models under SOA." Advanced Materials Research 487 (March 2012): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.487.176.
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To achieve the parallel schedule of SMP2 models under the Service Oriented Architecture, a parallel schedule method of SMP2 model is put forward. The assignment method of serial model schedule task is promoted based on the analysis of the four traditional serial model schedule tasks in the SMP2.Then three schedule tasks which can not be scheduled parallelized were reformed and the schedule processes were introduced. Finally, the schedule service interface was extended and the parallel simulation component interface, time manager interface and message manager interface were defined to conduct the implementation of parallel simulation component.
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Mazzarolo, Claynor, Valerio Martins, Andre Toffanello, and Ricardo Puttini. "A Method for SOA Maturity Assessment and Improvement." IEEE Latin America Transactions 13, no. 1 (2015): 204–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tla.2015.7040649.
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Likhvarev, Alexey, and Eduard Babkin. "Development and Validation of the Method for Value Assessment of SOA-Based IS Projects." International Journal of Information System Modeling and Design 5, no. 1 (2014): 49–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijismd.2014010103.
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Responding to the rapidly growing market share for Information Systems (IS) based on Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), the demand emerges for methods of measuring the value of SOA-based IS projects. The goal of the present research is to adapt available methods of project assessment to this expanding demand. This study describes a new method which takes into consideration a possibility to divide deployment and evolution of SOA-based IS into separate flows, one per service. Like that the process of value assessment could become more precise and exact compared to other known methods which use the single flow for the whole project. In addition the work proposes Real Options for calculating such components of the value as flexibility. The described method is validated using a specific simulation model. Value assessment of a real IS project is performed using the developed method and the simulation model.
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Hu, W. W., P. Campuzano-Jost, B. B. Palm, et al. "Characterization of a real-time tracer for isoprene epoxydiols-derived secondary organic aerosol (IEPOX-SOA) from aerosol mass spectrometer measurements." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 20 (2015): 11807–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11807-2015.
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Abstract. Substantial amounts of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) can be formed from isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX), which are oxidation products of isoprene mainly under low-NO conditions. Total IEPOX-SOA, which may include SOA formed from other parallel isoprene oxidation pathways, was quantified by applying positive matrix factorization (PMF) to aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) measurements. The IEPOX-SOA fractions of organic aerosol (OA) in multiple field studies across several continents are summarized here and show consistent patterns with the concentration of gas-phase IEPOX simulated by the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model. During the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS), 78 % of PMF-resolved IEPOX-SOA is accounted by the measured IEPOX-SOA molecular tracers (2-methyltetrols, C5-Triols, and IEPOX-derived organosulfate and its dimers), making it the highest level of molecular identification of an ambient SOA component to our knowledge. An enhanced signal at C5H6O+ (m/z 82) is found in PMF-resolved IEPOX-SOA spectra. To investigate the suitability of this ion as a tracer for IEPOX-SOA, we examine fC5H6O (fC5H6O= C5H6O+/OA) across multiple field, chamber, and source data sets. A background of ~ 1.7 ± 0.1 ‰ (‰ = parts per thousand) is observed in studies strongly influenced by urban, biomass-burning, and other anthropogenic primary organic aerosol (POA). Higher background values of 3.1 ± 0.6 ‰ are found in studies strongly influenced by monoterpene emissions. The average laboratory monoterpene SOA value (5.5 ± 2.0 ‰) is 4 times lower than the average for IEPOX-SOA (22 ± 7 ‰), which leaves some room to separate both contributions to OA. Locations strongly influenced by isoprene emissions under low-NO levels had higher fC5H6O (~ 6.5 ± 2.2 ‰ on average) than other sites, consistent with the expected IEPOX-SOA formation in those studies. fC5H6O in IEPOX-SOA is always elevated (12–40 ‰) but varies substantially between locations, which is shown to reflect large variations in its detailed molecular composition. The low fC5H6O (< 3 ‰) reported in non-IEPOX-derived isoprene-SOA from chamber studies indicates that this tracer ion is specifically enhanced from IEPOX-SOA, and is not a tracer for all SOA from isoprene. We introduce a graphical diagnostic to study the presence and aging of IEPOX-SOA as a triangle plot of fCO2 vs. fC5H6O. Finally, we develop a simplified method to estimate ambient IEPOX-SOA mass concentrations, which is shown to perform well compared to the full PMF method. The uncertainty of the tracer method is up to a factor of ~ 2, if the fC5H6O of the local IEPOX-SOA is not available. When only unit mass-resolution data are available, as with the aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM), all methods may perform less well because of increased interferences from other ions at m/z 82. This study clarifies the strengths and limitations of the different AMS methods for detection of IEPOX-SOA and will enable improved characterization of this OA component.
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Elyamani, A., A. Zatni, H. Bousseta, and A. Moumen. "Static Characterization of the Birefringence Effect in the Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Using the Finite Difference Method." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 5, no. 1 (2015): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v5i1.pp38-45.
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Knowing the various physical mechanisms of the semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) helps us to develop a more complete numerical model. It also enables us to simulate more realistically the static behavior of the SOA<sub>s</sub>’ birefringence effect. This way, it allows us to study more precisely the behavior of SOA<sub>s</sub>, and particularly the impact of the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) or the pump and probe signals as well as the optical functions based on the non-linearity of the component. In static regime, the SOA<sub>s</sub> possess a very low amplification threshold and a saturation power of the gain which mainly depends on the optical power injected into the active region. Beyond the optical input power, the SOA is in the saturated gain regime which gives it a nonlinear transmission behavior. Our detailed numerical model offers a set of equations and an algorithm that predict their behavior. The equations form a theoretical base from which we have coded our model in several files.cpp that the <strong>Language C++</strong> executes. It has enabled us, from the physical and geometrical parameters of the component, to recover all the relevant values for a comprehensive study of SOA<sub>s</sub> in static and dynamic regimes. In this paper, we propose to make a static characterization of the effect of the nonlinear polarization rotation by realizing a pump-probe assemblage to control the power and state of polarization at the entering of the SOA.
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Hodzic, A., and J. L. Jimenez. "Modeling anthropogenically-controled secondary organic aerosols in a megacity: a simplified framework for global and climate models." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 4, no. 2 (2011): 869–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-4-869-2011.
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Abstract. A simplified parameterization for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in polluted air and biomass burning smoke is tested and optimized in this work, towards the goal of a computationally inexpensive method to calculate pollution and biomass burning SOA in global and climate models. A regional chemistry-transport model is used as the testbed for the parameterization, which is compared against observations from the Mexico City metropolitan area during the MILAGRO 2006 field experiment. The empirical parameterization is based on the observed proportionality of SOA concentrations to excess CO and photochemical age of the airmass. The approach consists in emitting an organic gas as lumped SOA precursor surrogate proportional to anthropogenic or biomass burning CO emissions according to the observed ratio between SOA and CO in aged air, and reacting this surrogate with OH into a single non-volatile species that condenses to form SOA. An emission factor of 0.08 g of the lumped SOA precursor per g of CO and a rate constant with OH of 1.25 × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 reproduce the observed average SOA mass within 30% in the urban area and downwind. When a 2.5 times slower rate is used (5 × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1) the predicted SOA amount and temporal evolution is nearly identical to the results obtained with SOA formation from semi-volatile and intermediate volatility primary organic vapors according to the Robinson et al. (2007) formulation. Our simplified method has the advantage of being much less computationally expensive than Robinson-type methods, and can be used in regions where the emissions of SOA precursors are not yet available. As the aged pollution SOA/ΔCO ratios are rather consistent globally, this parameterization could be reasonably tested in and applied to other regions. The potential enhancement of biogenic SOA by anthropogenic pollution, which has been suggested to play a major role in global SOA formation, is also tested using two simple parameterizations. Our results suggest that the pollution enhancement of biogenic SOA could provide several μg m−3 of additional SOA, but does not however explain the concentrations or especially the spatial and temporal variations of measured SOA mass in the vicinity of Mexico City, which appears to be controlled by anthropogenic sources. The contribution of the biomass burning to the predicted SOA is less than 10% during the study period.
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Baghdadi, Youcef. "Service-Oriented Software Engineering." International Journal of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering 5, no. 2 (2015): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssoe.2015040101.
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Method engineering techniques albeit proven effective for paradigms such as function, object and component, are pertinent to limited aspects of service orientation (SO). The comparison frameworks show that the produced methods neither conform to SO design principles nor to SOA, which is an issue. This paper proposes a framework to guide engineering methods for service-oriented software engineering. It describes a method by its aggregates and the relationships between elements such as Service Science (SS), SO, SOA, SOC, and Web. The paper also describes the guidance for method engineering. The framework consists of two layered categories of entities: (C1) conceptual foundation entities: SS, SO, and SOA, and (C2) realization infrastructure entities: SOC and Web. These entities request and provide services from/to each other. The framework comprehensively describes the SOSE environment, enforces the construct service with fundamental properties and principles, produces SOSE methods that address the challenges of software engineering, and benchmarks the existing SOSE methods.
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Ma, Quan Fu, and Guo Ling Liu. "A Design Method for Management Information System Based SOA." Applied Mechanics and Materials 433-435 (October 2013): 1871–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.433-435.1871.
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This paper studied the Service-oriented software architecture. Recently service-oriented architecture is a research hot because it is open and flexible. But all people only concern its application in a certain field. Almost no one puts forward a general method for various field systems. Also there are no service-oriented developing software and tools. This paper proposes a service-orientation solution to the management information system based on SOA (Service-oriented architecture). Business process can be designed by interactive interface library. Users can complete the design of system by simply dragging the mouse. For various systems it is an efficient method because business process can be designed by interactive interface.
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Li, Jinfeng, and Bingcheng Sun. "Research on Information Services Integrated Method Based on SOA." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1802, no. 3 (2021): 032059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1802/3/032059.
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Hodzic, A., and J. L. Jimenez. "Modeling anthropogenically controlled secondary organic aerosols in a megacity: a simplified framework for global and climate models." Geoscientific Model Development 4, no. 4 (2011): 901–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-901-2011.
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Abstract. A simplified parameterization for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in polluted air and biomass burning smoke is tested and optimized in this work, towards the goal of a computationally inexpensive method to calculate pollution and biomass burning SOA mass and hygroscopicity in global and climate models. A regional chemistry-transport model is used as the testbed for the parameterization, which is compared against observations from the Mexico City metropolitan area during the MILAGRO 2006 field experiment. The empirical parameterization is based on the observed proportionality of SOA concentrations to excess CO and photochemical age of the airmass. The approach consists in emitting an organic gas as lumped SOA precursor surrogate proportional to anthropogenic or biomass burning CO emissions according to the observed ratio between SOA and CO in aged air, and reacting this surrogate with OH into a single non-volatile species that condenses to form SOA. An emission factor of 0.08 g of the lumped SOA precursor per g of CO and a rate constant with OH of 1.25 × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 reproduce the observed average SOA mass within 30 % in the urban area and downwind. When a 2.5 times slower rate is used (5 × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1) the predicted SOA amount and temporal evolution is nearly identical to the results obtained with SOA formation from semi-volatile and intermediate volatility primary organic vapors according to the Robinson et al. (2007) formulation. Our simplified method has the advantage of being much less computationally expensive than Robinson-type methods, and can be used in regions where the emissions of SOA precursors are not yet available. As the aged SOA/ΔCO ratios are rather consistent globally for anthropogenic pollution, this parameterization could be reasonably tested in and applied to other regions. The evolution of oxygen-to-carbon ratio was also empirically modeled and the predicted levels were found to be in reasonable agreement with observations. The potential enhancement of biogenic SOA by anthropogenic pollution, which has been suggested to play a major role in global SOA formation, is also tested using two simple parameterizations. Our results suggest that the pollution enhancement of biogenic SOA could provide additional SOA, but does not however explain the concentrations or the spatial and temporal variations of measured SOA mass in the vicinity of Mexico City, which appears to be controlled by anthropogenic sources. The contribution of the biomass burning to the predicted SOA is less than 10% during the studied period.
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Siadat, Seyed Hossein, Sajjad Shokohyar, and Sara Shafahi. "SOA Adoption Factors in E-Banking: An Empirical Analysis from the Practical Perspective." International Journal of Information Systems in the Service Sector 11, no. 1 (2019): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisss.2019010102.
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Nowadays a lack of integration among software services and databases has become a major IT problem in many organizations including banking industries. Service oriented architecture (SOA) is the most recent and comprehensive method among the different methods and technologies proposed for integrity implementation. One of the main reasons for banks' failure in achieving the benefits of SOA is lack of a framework that includes all critical factors in SOA adoption. The aim of this article is to identify and analyze the influential factors (organizational, technical, environmental and human) on SOA adoption in e-banking and providing a comprehensive framework that explains these factors. Such a framework enhances the decision-making and enables banks to achieve the benefits of SOA. In order to gather operational data, questionnaire and interview had been used. The conceptual framework was investigated using Smart PLS and SPSS software. The empirical data investigation and interpretation shows that: organizational, technical, human and environmental factors are crucial for SOA adoption.
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Liu, Changgeng, Yongchun Liu, Tianzeng Chen, Jun Liu, and Hong He. "Rate constant and secondary organic aerosol formation from the gas-phase reaction of eugenol with hydroxyl radicals." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 3 (2019): 2001–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2001-2019.
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Abstract. Methoxyphenols are an important organic component of wood-burning emissions and considered to be potential precursors of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). In this work, the rate constant and SOA formation potential for the OH-initiated reaction of 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol (eugenol) were investigated for the first time in an oxidation flow reactor (OFR). The rate constant was 8.01±0.40×10-11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, determined by the relative rate method. The SOA yield first increased and then decreased as a function of OH exposure and was also dependent on eugenol concentration. The maximum SOA yields (0.11–0.31) obtained at different eugenol concentrations could be expressed well by a one-product model. The carbon oxidation state (OSC) increased linearly and significantly as OH exposure rose, indicating that a high oxidation degree was achieved for SOA. In addition, the presence of SO2 (0–198 ppbv) and NO2 (0–109 ppbv) was conducive to increasing SOA yield, for which the maximum enhancement values were 38.6 % and 19.2 %, respectively. The N∕C ratio (0.032–0.043) indicated that NO2 participated in the OH-initiated reaction, subsequently forming organic nitrates. The results could be helpful for further understanding the SOA formation potential from the atmospheric oxidation of methoxyphenols and the atmospheric aging process of smoke plumes from biomass burning emissions.
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Jathar, S. H., M. A. Miracolo, A. A. Presto, P. J. Adams, and A. L. Robinson. "Modeling the formation and properties of traditional and non-traditional secondary organic aerosol: problem formulation and application to aircraft exhaust." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 4 (2012): 9945–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-9945-2012.
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Abstract. We present a methodology to model secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the photo-oxidation of low-volatility organics (semi-volatile and intermediate volatility organic compounds). The model is parameterized and tested using SOA data collected during two field campaigns that characterized the atmospheric evolution of dilute gas-turbine engine emissions using a smog chamber. Photo-oxidation formed a significant amount of SOA, much of which cannot be explained based on the emissions of traditional, speciated precursors; we refer to this as non-traditional SOA (NT-SOA). The NT-SOA can be explained by emissions of low-volatility organic vapors measured using sorbents. Since these vapors could not be speciated, we employ a volatility-based approach to model NT-SOA formation. We show that the method proposed by Robinson et al. (2007) is unable to explain the timing of NT-SOA formation because it assumes a very modest reduction in volatility of the precursors with every oxidation reaction. In contrast, a Hybrid method, similar to models of traditional SOA formation, assumes a larger reduction in volatility with each oxidation step and results in a better reproduction of NT-SOA formation. The NT-SOA yields estimated for the low-volatility organic vapor emissions are similar to literature data for large n-alkanes and other low-volatility organics. The yields vary with fuel composition (JP8 versus Fischer-Tropsch) and engine load (idle versus non-idle). These differences are consistent with the expected contribution of high (aromatics and n-alkanes) and low (branched alkanes and oxygenated species) SOA forming species to the exhaust.
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Yu, Yong. "Study on Design Method of Logistics Platform Based on SOA & ESB." Advanced Engineering Forum 2-3 (December 2011): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.2-3.589.
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The quick development of internet technology and electronic commerce has driven the demand of internationalization of logistics services. The internationalization trend of logistics requests that local logistics system should integrate with other information systems in terms of data, business and knowledge. However, the integration among heterogeneous systems has always been the key problem to the development of internet technology. More and more information systems of the logistics enterprises become “information solitary islands”, due to the incompatibility of IT en-vironment, database format or knowledge structure. As the demand of business and technique changing, a large number of “solitary islands” are destined to be legacy systems, which causing a great waste of resources. The article employed the SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) framework and ESB (Enterprise Service Bus) technology to solve integration problems among heterogeneous systems. SOA is a software architecture theory, which based on services as components. ESB is employed to supply SOA with base architecture of message-oriented middleware in the term of in-cremental bus. However, there isn’t any integrated design method for logistics system based on SOA & ESB up to now. To fill the gap, this article presents an integrated design method through analyzing the integration environment of logistics platform, building service directory, designing system architecture and service components. The most significant results show that Firstly, this ar-ticle has presented a stratified implementation model for logistics platform to implement SOA con-cept into system model framework, so as to guide the design and development. Secondly, it also presents methods of system analysis and design with samples in following steps: service catalogue design, integral architecture design, service design, service and module depending design and ser-vice implementation design. The whole design method has been used successfully in actual project of design and development of international logistics platform. It is proved that this method can effi-ciently create integrated service logic, reduce the cost of design and development, and improve the compatibility of logistics system.
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Cheng, Yubo, Yiqiu Ma, and Di Hu. "Tracer-based source apportioning of atmospheric organic carbon and the influence of anthropogenic emissions on secondary organic aerosol formation in Hong Kong." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 13 (2021): 10589–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10589-2021.
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Abstract. Here we conducted comprehensive chemical characterization and source apportionment of 49 PM2.5 samples collected in Hong Kong. Besides the major aerosol constituents, 39 polar organic species, including 14 secondary organic aerosol (SOA) tracers of isoprene, monoterpenes, β-caryophyllene, and naphthalene, were quantified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Six factors, i.e., SOA, secondary sulfate (SS), biomass burning (BB)/SOA, sea salt, marine vessels, and vehicle emissions, were apportioned by positive matrix factorization (PMF) as the major sources of ambient organic carbon (OC) in Hong Kong. The secondary formation, including OC from SOA, SS, and aging of BB plume, was the leading contributor to OC (51.4 %, 2.15 ± 1.37 µg C m−3) throughout the year. We then applied a tracer-based method (TBM) to estimate the SOA formation from the photo-oxidation of four selected precursors, and monoterpene SOA was the most abundant. A Kintecus kinetic model was used to examine the formation channels of isoprene SOA, and the aerosol-phase ring-opening reaction of isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOXs) was found to be the dominant formation pathway. Consistently, IEPOX tracers contributed 94 % to total GC–MS-quantified isoprene SOA tracers. The TBM-estimated secondary organic carbon (SOCTBM) and PMF-apportioned SOC (SOCPMF) showed similar temporal trends; however, SOCTBM only accounted for 26.5 % of SOCPMF, indicating a large fraction of ambient SOA was from other reaction pathways or precursors. Results of Pearson's R and multivariate linear regression analysis showed that NOx processing played a key role in both daytime and nighttime SOA production in the region. Moreover, sulfate had a significant positive linear relationship with SOCPMF and SS-related SOC, and particle acidity was significantly correlated with SOC from the aging of BB.
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Wania, F., Y. D. Lei, C. Wang, J. P. D. Abbatt, and K. U. Goss. "Novel methods for predicting gas-particle partitioning during the formation of secondary organic aerosol." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 15 (2014): 21341–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-21341-2014.
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Abstract. Several methods have been presented in the literature to predict an organic chemical's equilibrium partitioning between the water insoluble organic matter (WIOM) component of aerosol and the gas phase, Ki, WIOM as a function of temperature. They include (i) polyparameter linear free energy relationships calibrated with empirical aerosol sorption data, as well as (ii) the solvation models implemented in SPARC and (iii) the quantum-chemical software Cosmotherm, which predict solvation equilibria from molecular structure alone. We demonstrate that these methods can be used to predict Ki, WIOM for large numbers of individual molecules implicated in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, including those with multiple functional groups. Although very different in their theoretical foundations, these methods give remarkably consistent results for the products of the reaction of normal alkanes with OH, i.e. their partition coefficients Ki, WIOM generally agree within one order of magnitude over a range of more than ten orders of magnitude. This level of agreement is much better than that achieved by different vapour pressure estimation methods that are more commonly used in the SOA community. Also, in contrast to the agreement between vapour pressure estimates, that between the Ki, WIOM estimates does not deteriorate with increasing number of functional groups. Furthermore, these partitioning coefficients Ki, WIOM are found to predict the SOA mass yield in chamber experiments of the oxidation of normal alkanes as good or better than a vapour pressure based method. If a Ki, WIOM prediction method was based on one or more surrogate molecules representing the solvation properties of the mixed OM phase of SOA, the choice of those molecule(s) was found to have a relatively minor effect on the predicted Ki, WIOM, as long as the molecule(s) are not very polar. This suggests that a single surrogate molecule, such as 1-octanol or a hypothetical SOA structure proposed by Kalberer et al. (2004), may often be sufficient to represent the WIOM component of the SOA phase, greatly simplifying the prediction. The presented methods could substitute for vapour pressure based methods in studies such as the explicit modeling of SOA formation from single precursor molecules in chamber experiments or the assignment of SOA-forming molecules to volatility basis sets.
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Guardeño, Rafael, Manuel J. López, Jesús Sánchez, and Agustín Consegliere. "AutoTuning Environment for Static Obstacle Avoidance Methods Applied to USVs." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 5 (2020): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8050300.
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This work is focused on reactive Static Obstacle Avoidance (SOA) methods used to increase the autonomy of Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs). Currently, there are multiple approaches to avoid obstacles, which can be applied to different types of USV. In order to assist in the choice of the SOA method for a particular vessel and to accelerate the pretuning process necessary for its implementation, this paper proposes a new AutoTuning Environment for Static Obstacle Avoidance (ATESOA) methods applied to USVs. In this environment, a new simplified modelling of a LIDAR (Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging) sensor is proposed based on numerical simulations. This sensor model provides a realistic environment for the tuning of SOA methods that, due to its low load computation, is used by evolutionary algorithms for the autotuning. In order to analyze the proposed ATESOA, three SOA methods were adapted and implemented to consider the measurements given by the LIDAR model. Furthermore, a mathematical model is proposed and evaluated for using as USV in the simulation enviroment. The results obtained in numerical simulations show how the new ATESOA is able to adjust the SOA methods in scenarios with different obstacle distributions.
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Nah, Theodora, Renee C. McVay, Jeffrey R. Pierce, John H. Seinfeld, and Nga L. Ng. "Constraining uncertainties in particle-wall deposition correction during SOA formation in chamber experiments." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 3 (2017): 2297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2297-2017.
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Abstract. The effect of vapor-wall deposition on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation has gained significant attention; however, uncertainties in experimentally derived SOA mass yields due to uncertainties in particle-wall deposition remain. Different approaches have been used to correct for particle-wall deposition in SOA formation studies, each having its own set of assumptions in determining the particle-wall loss rate. In volatile and intermediate-volatility organic compound (VOC and IVOC) systems in which SOA formation is governed by kinetically limited growth, the effect of vapor-wall deposition on SOA mass yields can be constrained by using high surface area concentrations of seed aerosol to promote the condensation of SOA-forming vapors onto seed aerosol instead of the chamber walls. However, under such high seed aerosol levels, the presence of significant coagulation may complicate the particle-wall deposition correction. Here, we present a model framework that accounts for coagulation in chamber studies in which high seed aerosol surface area concentrations are used. For the α-pinene ozonolysis system, we find that after accounting for coagulation, SOA mass yields remain approximately constant when high seed aerosol surface area concentrations ( ≥ 8000 µm2 cm−3) are used, consistent with our prior study (Nah et al., 2016) showing that α-pinene ozonolysis SOA formation is governed by quasi-equilibrium growth. In addition, we systematically assess the uncertainties in the calculated SOA mass concentrations and yields between four different particle-wall loss correction methods over the series of α-pinene ozonolysis experiments. At low seed aerosol surface area concentrations (< 3000 µm2 cm−3), the SOA mass yields at peak SOA growth obtained from the particle-wall loss correction methods agree within 14 %. However, at high seed aerosol surface area concentrations ( ≥ 8000 µm2 cm−3), the SOA mass yields at peak SOA growth obtained from different particle-wall loss correction methods can differ by as much as 58 %. These differences arise from assumptions made in the particle-wall loss correction regarding the first-order particle-wall loss rate. This study highlights the importance of accounting for particle-wall deposition accurately during SOA formation chamber experiments and assessing the uncertainties associated with the application of the particle-wall deposition correction method when comparing and using SOA mass yields measured in different studies.
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Zhang, Qianqian, Haochi Pan, Qiuxia Fan, Fujing Xu, and Yulong Wu. "Research on Fault Extraction Method of CYCBD Based on Seagull Optimization Algorithm." Shock and Vibration 2021 (July 8, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8552024.
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Maximum cyclostationarity blind deconvolution (CYCBD) can recover the periodic impulses from mixed fault signals comprised by noise and periodic impulses. In recent years, blind deconvolution has been widely used in fault diagnosis. However, it requires a preset of filter length, and inappropriate filter length may cause the inaccurate extraction of fault signal. Therefore, in order to determine filter length adaptively, a method to optimize CYCBD by using the seagull optimization algorithm (SOA) is proposed in this paper. In this method, the ratio of SNR to kurtosis is used as the objective function; firstly, SOA is used to search the optimal filter length in CYCBD by iteration, and then it uses the optimal filter length to perform CYCBD; finally, the frequency-domain waveform is determined through Fourier transformation. The method proposed is applied to the fault extraction of a simulated signal and a test vibration signal of the closed power flow gearbox test bed, and the fault frequency is successfully extracted, in addition, using maximum correlation kurtosis deconvolution (MCKD) and multipoint optimal minimum entropy deconvolution adjusted (MOMEDA) to compare with CYCBD-SOA, which validated availability of the proposed method.
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Hai-Ping, Si, Shi Lei, Qiao Hong-Bo, Qian Shao-Jun, and Fang Wei. "Method for Agriculture Data Integration and Sharing Based on SOA." Information Technology Journal 12, no. 20 (2013): 5673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/itj.2013.5673.5676.
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Kim, Ji-Won, Hyun-Jung La, and Soo-Dong Kim. "A Method for Migrating Object-Oriented Systems into SOA Services." KIPS Transactions:PartD 17D, no. 1 (2010): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3745/kipstd.2010.17d.1.025.
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Small, Benjamin A., Benjamin G. Lee, and Keren Bergman. "Empirical Method for Determining SOA Gain Based on ASE Characterization." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 18, no. 21 (2006): 2224–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2006.884754.
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Mutzel, Anke, Maria Rodigast, Yoshiteru Iinuma, Olaf Böge, and Hartmut Herrmann. "An improved method for the quantification of SOA bound peroxides." Atmospheric Environment 67 (March 2013): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.11.012.
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Järvinen, E., K. Ignatius, L. Nichman та ін. "Observation of viscosity transition in α-pinene secondary organic aerosol". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, № 20 (2015): 28575–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-28575-2015.
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Abstract. Under certain conditions, secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles can exist in the atmosphere in an amorphous solid or semi-solid state. To determine their relevance to processes such as ice nucleation or chemistry occurring within particles requires knowledge of the temperature and relative humidity (RH) range for SOA to exist in these states. In the CLOUD experiment at CERN, we deployed a new in-situ optical method to detect the viscosity of α-pinene SOA particles and measured their transition from the amorphous viscous to liquid state. The method is based on the depolarising properties of laboratory-produced non-spherical SOA particles and their transformation to non-depolarising spherical liquid particles during deliquescence. We found that particles formed and grown in the chamber developed an asymmetric shape through coagulation. A transition to spherical shape was observed as the RH was increased to between 35 % at −10 °C and 80 % at −38 °C, confirming previous calculations of the viscosity transition conditions. Consequently, α-pinene SOA particles exist in a viscous state over a wide range of ambient conditions, including the cirrus region of the free troposphere. This has implications for the physical, chemical and ice-nucleation properties of SOA and SOA-coated particles in the atmosphere.
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Song, Cheeyang, and Eunsook Cho. "An Integrated Design Method for SOA-Based Business Modeling and Software Modeling." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 26, no. 02 (2016): 347–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194016500157.
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Service-oriented architecture (SOA)-based system development requires a systematic integration technique for software modeling and business modeling methods that approach the implementation component from the perspective of a business service. We proposes the integrated design method (architecture, metamodel, framework, process) for the integration of component software modeling in business process modeling notation (BPMN) business modeling to service-oriented modeling based on model-driven architecture (MDA) and model view controller (MVC) patterns according to SOA. The integrated architecture is composed of a metamodel and a process framework. The integrated metamodel is mapped to the core modeling elements of the SOA-based extended layered (XL)-BPMN/business process execution language (BPEL)/web service description language (WSDL)/component models, and the conversion profile is defined. For the establishment of the integrated process between business and software modeling, the framework is first defined; using this framework, we apply MDA (CIM: Conceptual Independent Modeling, PIM: Platform Independent Modeling, PSM: Platform Specific Modeling) and MVC patterns to define the integrated modeling process for the three development phases. The proposed modeling process was applied to the design of an online shopping mall system (OSMS). The design models were described on the basis of MDA/MVC according to the layered modeling elements defined in the individual/integrated metamodel and the three modeling phases of the integrated modeling process. The case study demonstrated that the conversion modeling task maintains the consistency and practicality between the SOA-based business and software modeling. The use of this method will make the consistent conversion modeling work between businesses and software convenient with a service orientation, will make it easy to change a business process, and will maximize the number of established reuse models.
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Ali Fikri, Moh, Rahmat Gernowo, and Bayu Surarso. "Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Fuzzy AHP-SAW for Lecturer Performance Analysis in Real-time." E3S Web of Conferences 202 (2020): 14003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020214003.
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Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a way to use web services to model large software systems. SOA architecture is also a successful model at the moment. SOA does not have a formula for analyzing data, so collaborative methods are needed that can present information that has added value. One of them is the Fuzzy AHP-SAW method to analyze the performance of lecturers at tertiary institutions with data sources applying SOA methods for data integration in academic information systems in real-time. Lecturer performance can be monitored in real time, so that it can be used as material for decision making at the Indramayu State Polytechnic appropriately. Message delivery services performed by the web service with 150 performance table records, 69 lecturer records tables, 6 record study programs and 3 record majors have been successful. fuzzy AHP fuzzy analysis method to find the best lecturers has been successfully carried out by producing fuzzy vector weights (w) performance performance criteria (C1) 0.43, research (C2) 0.29, dedication (C3) 0.11 and publication (C4) 0.17 with the number of lecturers (alternative) as many as 69. The results show an alternative code A063 with a C1 value of 0.38 C2 0.22 C3 0.08 C4 0.15 and a preference of 0.844 getting the first rank.
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Li, L., P. Tang, S. Nakao, C. L. Chen, and D. R. Cocker III. "Role of methyl group number on SOA formation from monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons photooxidation under low-NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> conditions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 4 (2016): 2255–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2255-2016.
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Abstract. Substitution of methyl groups onto the aromatic ring determines the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon precursor (SOA yield and chemical composition). This study links the number of methyl groups on the aromatic ring to SOA formation from monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons photooxidation under low-NOx conditions (HC/NO > 10 ppbC : ppb). Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with increasing numbers of methyl groups are systematically studied. SOA formation from pentamethylbenzene and hexamethylbenzene are reported for the first time. A decreasing SOA yield with increasing number of methyl groups is observed. Linear trends are found in both f44 vs. f43 and O / C vs. H / C for SOA from monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with zero to six methyl groups. An SOA oxidation state predictive method based on benzene is used to examine the effect of added methyl groups on aromatic oxidation under low-NOx conditions. Further, the impact of methyl group number on density and volatility of SOA from monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is explored. Finally, a mechanism for methyl group impact on SOA formation is suggested. Overall, this work suggests that, as more methyl groups are attached on the aromatic ring, SOA products from these monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons become less oxidized per mass/carbon on the basis of SOA yield or chemical composition.
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Arcidiacono, Gabriele, Rossella Berni, Luciano Cantone, Nedka D. Nikiforova, and Pierpaolo Placidoli. "Fast Method to Evaluate Payload Effect on In-Train Forces of Freight Trains." Open Transportation Journal 12, no. 1 (2018): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874447801812010077.
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Introduction:This paper introduces a fast method to evaluate the effect of payload distribution on in-train forces.Methods:The method is based on Strong Orthogonal Arrays (SOA) and the excellent space-filling properties of Latin Hypercube Design (LHD): SOA-based-LHD is proved to be very efficient in spanning the range of in-train forces for different types of trains (also considering distributed power/braking) and trains operations.Results:The distribution of the percentage of braked mass is used to consider the effect of payload distribution on in-train forces. Because of its computational efficiency, the method proposed here can be satisfactorily employed to perform an optimization analysis of train composition.
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Järvinen, Emma, Karoliina Ignatius, Leonid Nichman та ін. "Observation of viscosity transition in <i>α</i>-pinene secondary organic aerosol". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, № 7 (2016): 4423–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4423-2016.
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Abstract. Under certain conditions, secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles can exist in the atmosphere in an amorphous solid or semi-solid state. To determine their relevance to processes such as ice nucleation or chemistry occurring within particles requires knowledge of the temperature and relative humidity (RH) range for SOA to exist in these states. In the Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets (CLOUD) experiment at The European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN), we deployed a new in situ optical method to detect the viscous state of α-pinene SOA particles and measured their transition from the amorphous highly viscous state to states of lower viscosity. The method is based on the depolarising properties of laboratory-produced non-spherical SOA particles and their transformation to non-depolarising spherical particles at relative humidities near the deliquescence point. We found that particles formed and grown in the chamber developed an asymmetric shape through coagulation. A transition to a spherical shape was observed as the RH was increased to between 35 % at −10 °C and 80 % at −38 °C, confirming previous calculations of the viscosity-transition conditions. Consequently, α-pinene SOA particles exist in a viscous state over a wide range of ambient conditions, including the cirrus region of the free troposphere. This has implications for the physical, chemical, and ice-nucleation properties of SOA and SOA-coated particles in the atmosphere.
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Li, L., P. Tang, S. Nakao, C. L. Chen, and D. R. Cocker III. "Role of methyl group number on SOA formation from aromatic hydrocarbons photooxidation under low NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> conditions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 21 (2015): 31153–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-31153-2015.
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Abstract. Substitution of methyl groups onto the aromatic ring determines the SOA formation from the aromatic hydrocarbon precursor. This study links the number of methyl groups on the aromatic ring to SOA formation from aromatic hydrocarbons photooxidation under low NOx conditions (HC / NO > 10 ppb C : ppb). Aromatic hydrocarbons with increasing numbers of methyl groups are systematically studied. SOA formation from pentamethylbenzene and hexamethylbenzene are reported for the first time. A decreasing SOA yield with increasing number of methyl groups is observed. Linear trends are found in both f44 vs. f43 and O / C vs. H / C for SOA from aromatic hydrocarbons with zero to six methyl groups. An SOA oxidation state predictive method based on benzene is used to examine the effect of added methyl groups on aromatic oxidation under low NOx conditions. Further, the impact of methyl group number on density and volatility of SOA from aromatic hydrocarbons is explored. Finally, a mechanism for methyl group impact on SOA formation is suggested. Overall, this work suggests as more methyl groups are attached on the aromatic ring, SOA products from these aromatic hydrocarbons become less oxidized per mass/carbon.
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He, Quan. "Research on Basketball Teaching Method Based on the Dynamic Access Control Model of SOA." Advanced Materials Research 791-793 (September 2013): 1445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.791-793.1445.
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With the development of computer information science and technology, mode controlled by dynamic access and feedback can adjust the effect of physical education and sports teaching process. Basketball elective course is one of the favorite sport programs of many students in college. The game teaching is a new teaching model which not only breaks the traditional boring teaching method but also uses race in teaching and training process. It not only can mobilize the students' interest and enthusiasm for learning but also can improve the efficiency of the students. The dynamic SOA access model is an architecture model facing to service. Through SOA access control model, teachers and students can do a good interactive teaching and can communicate with each other about the teaching method and process timely and can review the effectiveness of teaching. Based on this, the paper designs and develops a new SOA-ARBA dynamic access control model and combines it with basketball sports teaching process. It also designs and evaluates teaching effect evaluation method of basketball teaching method and gets comparison chart of learning interest and achievement of game teaching method.
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Fu, Yanhua, Lushan Wan, Yachun Mao, Tao Ren, and Dong Xiao. "Research on TFe Content of Hematite Based on LU-TELM-SOA and Selection of Band." Journal of Sensors 2021 (August 6, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5515165.
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Iron ore is an important raw material for the steel industry, so it is of great economic significance to determine the grade of the iron ore quickly and accurately. And the TFe content is the main indicator that determines the grade of the iron ore and whether the iron ore can be smelted directly. Unlike manual methods and methods for chemical analysis, the paper uses the selection of band for the near-infrared spectrum based on the pruning method and the two-hidden-layer extreme learning machine based on LU decomposition and seagull optimization algorithm (LU-TELM-SOA) to identify the TFe content. First of all, the paper proposes the selection of band based on the pruning method to retain the sensitive band of the near-infrared spectrum. Aiming at the problems of poor stability and low accuracy of a single LU-TELM (the two-hidden-layer extreme learning machine based on LU decomposition) model, the paper proposes LU-TELM-SOA. The experimental results show that LU-TELM-SOA has the advantages of high accuracy and strong stability.
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Song, Xiao, Jia Jia Li, Lin Zhang, and Dong Jing He. "Semantic SOA for Missile Design." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 1345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1345.
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Currently, Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is widely used in various fields, but a shortcoming is that the process of service discovering and matching is limited only to syntactic level which easily leads to information mismatching. In this paper, we propose semantic SOA for missile design system, which introduces SOA to missile design area. The semantically improved system uses ontologies to define semantics among services and integrates isolated information. Moreover, we describe services in a way combining WSDL and tuple description method together which enables automatic service discovery and matching. At last, we discuss the concept of "semantic template" that allows service requesters to create a semantic rich description of services.
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Spracklen, D. V., J. L. Jimenez, K. S. Carslaw, et al. "Aerosol mass spectrometer constraint on the global secondary organic aerosol budget." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 2 (2011): 5699–755. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-5699-2011.
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Abstract. The budget of atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is very uncertain, with recent estimates suggesting a global source of between 12 and 1820 Tg (SOA) a−1. We used a dataset of aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) observations and a global chemical transport model including aerosol microphysics to produce top-down constraints on the SOA budget. We treated SOA formation from biogenic (monoterpenes and isoprene), lumped anthropogenic and lumped biomass burning volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and varied the SOA yield from each precursor source to produce the best overall match between model and observations. Organic aerosol observations from the IMPROVE network were used as an independent check of our optimised sources. The optimised model has a global SOA source of 140 ± 90 Tg (SOA) a−1 comprised of 13 ± 8 Tg (SOA) a−1 from biogenic, 100 ± 60 Tg (SOA) a−1 from anthropogenically controlled SOA, 23 ± 15 Tg (SOA) a−1 from conversion of primary organic aerosol (mostly from biomass burning) to SOA and an additional 3 ± 3 Tg (SOA) a−1 from biomass burning VOCs. Compared with previous estimates, our optimized model has a substantially larger SOA source in the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes. We used a dataset of 14C observations from rural locations to estimate that 10 Tg (SOA) a−1 (10%) of our anthropogenically controlled SOA is of urban/industrial origin, with 90 Tg (SOA) a−1 (90%) most likely due to an anthropogenic pollution enhancement of SOA from biogenic VOCs, almost an order-of-magnitude beyond what can be explained by current understanding. The urban/industrial SOA source is consistent with the 13 Tg a−1 estimated by de Gouw and Jimenez (2009), which was much larger than estimates from previous studies. The anthropogenically controlled SOA source results in a global mean aerosol direct effect of −0.26 ± 0.15 Wm−2 and global mean indirect (cloud albedo) effect of −0.6+0.24−0.14 Wm−2. The biogenic and biomass SOA sources are not well constrained due to the limited number of OA observations in regions and periods strongly impacted by these sources. To further improve the constraints by this method, additional observations are needed in the tropics and the Southern Hemisphere.
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Mcheick, Hamid. "Applying ADD Model to Enhance Quality of SOA Applications." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 8, no. 4 (2012): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jbdcn.2012100105.
Full textAbstract:
SOA enables integration of applications and resources flexibly, representing every application or resource as a service. Its purpose is to facilitate reuse and interoperability of applications, which are regarded as quality attributes of a system. It is very easy to talk about the benefits of SOA (reuse, etc.). But, there are no precise specifications to define this concept as the architectural style. SOA has another shortcoming; it is a problem of performance related to the creation of services that affect the total processing time of the system. This paper provides a basic specification of SOA and identifies architectural tactics to improve performance. The tactics adopted for the performance are then validated by a case study. A solution for the development of tactics is to use the ADD method. This is a method to meet the architectural requirements or qualities expected from a system. Three architectural models have been well integrated into SOA. Validation of the case study determined that the tactics are working and it is interesting to use in SOA architecture. However, an interesting point that arises from the test is that the decomposition model of service can be used with caution. Two contributions emerge from this paper: a basic specification and a design of SOA-based integration models (architectural) to improve performance. The main recommendation arising from this test is the addition of tactical or creating tools to automate the architecture chosen and thus improve performance.
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Hayashida, Kazuki, Yuki Nishi, Akihiro Masuike, and Shu Morioka. "Intentional Binding Effects in the Experience of Noticing the Regularity of a Perceptual-Motor Task." Brain Sciences 10, no. 9 (2020): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10090659.
Full textAbstract:
Noticing the regularity of the task is necessary to enhance motor performance. The experience of noticing further motivates improvement in motor performance. Motor control is explained by a comparator model that modifies the motor command to reduce discrepancies between sensory predictions and actual outcomes. A similar model could apply to sense of agency (SoA). SoA refers to the sensation of controlling one’s own actions and, through them, the outcomes in the external world. SoA may also be enhanced by the experience of noticing errors. We recently reported gradual enhancement of SoA in participants with high perceptual-motor performance. However, what component of the motor task changed the SoA is unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence over time of the experience of noticing during a motor task on SoA. Participants performed an implicit regularity perceptual-motor task and an intentional binding task (a method that can quantitatively measure SoA) simultaneously. We separated participants into groups after the experiment based on noticing or not noticing the regularity. SoA was gradually enhanced in the noticing group, compared with that of the non-noticing group. The results suggest that the experience of noticing may enhance SoA during perceptual-motor tasks.