Academic literature on the topic 'Soaking duration'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Soaking duration.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Soaking duration"
1
Siyar, S., S. Sami, F. Hussain, and Z. Hussain. "Allelopathic Effects of Sheesham Extracts on Germination and Seedling Growth of Common Wheat." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 51, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cerce-2018-0032.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Interactions between plants represent an important aspect of ecology, which enables them to properly utilize the available resources in the given environment. The interactions are mediated by different mechanisms, among which allelopathy is a significant one. During allelopathic interactions, plants tend to suppress competitors plants or stimulate those which can help them adjust in the environment in a better manner. Such interactions are triggered by the release of chemical compounds termed, as allelochemicals, which have an important role in agricultural modulation. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the allelopathic effects of leaf and bark extracts of sheesham (Dalbergia sissoo L.) on germination data of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Auqab. Different concentrations (7 g/l, 14 g/l, and 21 g/l) of sundried leaf and bark extracts, obtained after 12, 24 and 36 h of soaking duration were tested for germination %, mean germination time (MGT), plumule and radicle length and seedling dry weight. It was observed that germination % was negatively affected by 21 g leaf and bark extract concentration at 36 h soaking duration, but not by lower concentration or soaking durations. MGT was significantly increased by leaf and bark extracts at three concentration levels, as well as soaking durations. Plumule and radicle length responded negatively to both leaf and bark extracts at higher concentration and when soaking duration was increased. Seedling dry weight was increased by 7 g leaf extracts at 36 h, but reduced by 21g at 12 and 24 h soaking durations. On the other hand, 21 g of bark extracts at 12, 24 and 36 h soaking duration resulted in significantly increased dry biomass. These results suggest negative allelopathy of Sheesham on studied germination parameters of wheat, except radicle length and dry biomass.
2
Pratiwi, Tri Ayu, Muhamad Rahmad Suhartanto, and Abdul Qadir. "Pengembangan Metode Pengusangan Cepat Kimia pada Benih Pepaya (Carica papaya L.)." Comm. Horticulturae Journal 2, no. 3 (January 7, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/chj.2.3.1-6.
Full textAbstract:
Indonesia needs quality improvement for papaya fruits to increase its exportquantity and value. Seed quality is one that affect quality of fruits. Estimation of vigor storability is necessary for maintaining seed quality. Chemical accelerated aging method using ethanol has several advantages in predicting vigor storabilityof seeds. Seed aging (devigoration) during the aging process affected by soaking duration and aging duration. This research aims to determine the optimum soaking duration dan aging duration for chemical accelerated aging on papaya seed. This research consists of two experiments. Experiment 1 is determination of aging duration with treatment 0, 1x30, 2x30, 3x30, and 4x30 minutes aging. Experiment 2 is determination of soaking duration with treatment 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours soaking. Experiment 1 showed that aging duration 48 minutes can reduce 50% germination of Callina papaya seed. Experiment 2 showed that the optimum soaking duration is 48 hours. This method produces germination before aging 77.1% and after aging 38.4% with angle of regression line 38.9° and moisture content about 64-66%.Keywords: callina, devigoration, ethanol, germination, soaking duration
3
Agbokwor, Silas Ezedinma, Daniel Oray Nnamdi Obikwelu, Simeon Ikechukwu Neife, and Camillus Sunday Obayi. "Corrosivity Study of Sensitized Welded and Unwelded Austenitic Stainless Steel AISI 304 in Oxidizing and Non-Oxidizing Environment." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 10 (October 31, 2019): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.10.1531.
Full textAbstract:
An experimental investigation was carried out to determine the corrosive impact of oxidizing and non-oxidizing environments on sensitized welded and unwelded samples of AISI 304. The selected samples were cut into several sizes. To induce sensitization, the samples were heated and soaked at 750oC at different soaking time intervals such as 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 180minutes, 300 minutes and 600 minutes followed by water quenching [1]. The resultant sensitized weldment and unwelded samples were subjected to immersion duration test each in oxidizing (H2SO4) and non-oxidizing (HCL) media for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, & 50 minutes respectively. From the results obtained, it was concluded that corrosion rate decreases as soaking time/immersion duration increases, at constant soaking temperature in non-oxidizing medium of hydrochloric acid (HCL). However, the corrosion rate decrease of the unwelded samples of AISI 304 in non-oxidizing medium is greater than that of their welded counterpart as immersion duration/soaking time increases. Similarly, the unwelded and welded samples of AISI 304, in oxidizing medium of H2SO4 have one common characteristic with their corrosion rate decreasing as soaking time/immersion duration increases; but, surprisingly, the welded samples are having lower corrosion rate than that of the unwelded counterpart as the immersion duration/soaking time increases between 5-15minutes; but reverses to a higher corrosion rate than their unwelded counterpart as immersion duration increases between 15-50 minutes. The results showed that each sample reacted differently in oxidizing and non-oxidizing media; hence oxidizing and non-oxidizing media impacted the materials’ properties differently. The sensitization differences of the welded and the unwelded counterpart obtained during soaking time, significantly affected their reactions in oxidizing and non-oxidizing media which led to differences in the corrosive impacts, under the same environment.
4
Yanty, Dini Puspita, and Siti Hardianti Wahyuni. "Effect of immersion duration of trichoderma harzianum on local chili growth." Jurnal Pertanian Tropik 6, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jpt.v6i3.3215.
Full textAbstract:
Effect of immersion duration of trichoderma harzianum on local chili growth the aim of this researchis to see the old soaking ability of Trichoderma harzianum mushroom on the growth of local chili.The design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 6 treatments and 4replications, namely local chili seeds soaked with a 5-minute T.harzianum suspension, local chiliseeds soaked with a 10-minute T.harzianum suspension, local chili seeds that were soaked marinatedwith T.harzianum suspension for 15 minutes, local chili seeds soaked with T.harzianum suspensionfor 20 minutes, local chili seeds soaked with T.harzianum suspension for 25 minutes, Control (withoutimmersion with trichoderma harzianum suspension. Observed parameters are the percentage of local chiligrowth, plant height and number of leaves The results showed that the application of trichoderma harzianumhad a good effect on the growth of chili plants, soaking for 25 minutes was the best soaking on localchili seeds.
5
Agun, Linda, Siti Fairus Jimat, and Hamimah Abd Rahman. "Effects of Soaking Duration on the Properties of LSCF–SDCC for Low-Temperature SOFC." Advanced Materials Research 1133 (January 2016): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1133.28.
Full textAbstract:
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer the advantages of high efficiency, low pollution emission, and low processing cost. SOFC quality is strongly influenced by the preparation process. Composite La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF) samarium-doped ceria carbonate (SDCC) cathode for low-temperature SOFCs was developed, and the effect of sintering soaking time on the physical properties of an LSCF–SDCC composite cathode was studied. Composite cathode powders with 50 wt.% LSCF and 50 wt.% SDCC were mixed before undergoing calcination and uniaxial pressing process. The pressed samples were sintered at 600 °C and soaked at 1, 2, and 3 hr. The porosity and density results obtained by the Archimedes method showed a decrement of porosity from 24.92% to 19.62% and an increment of density from 4.03 g cm−1 to 4.15 g cm−1 under 1 hr to 3 hr of soaking time. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that the grain size of the composite cathode surface increases with increasing soaking time. X-ray diffraction results demonstrate that the diffraction angles at 33o and 59o exhibit a decreasing SDCC peak because of the increasing grain size. However, the new peak of lithium chromium oxide (Li2CrO4) appears at an angle of 21.66° for 3 hr soaking time. The findings proved that soaking time influences the microstructure of the composite cathode.
6
Roychand, Rajeev, Rebecca J. Gravina, Yan Zhuge, Xing Ma, Julie E. Mills, and Osama Youssf. "Practical Rubber Pre-Treatment Approch for Concrete Use—An Experimental Study." Journal of Composites Science 5, no. 6 (May 26, 2021): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs5060143.
Full textAbstract:
There is a lot of ongoing active research all over the world looking for various applications of used tyre rubber, to increase its utilisation rate. One of the common research applications is to incorporate rubber into concrete as a partial replacement for conventional aggregates. However, due to its poor bonding performance with cement paste, the utilisation of rubber in concrete has been hindered to date. A cost-effective and time-saving rubber pre-treatment method is of great interest, especially for the concrete industry. Out of all the various pre-treatment methods, soaking rubber particles in water is the most cost-effective and least complex method. In addition, sodium sulphate accelerates the hydration reaction of the cement composites. This study looks at the effect of soaking crumb rubber in tap water for short (2 h) and long (24 h) durations, and the optimised duration was then compared with soaking the crumb rubber in a 5% concentration of sodium sulphate solution. Compressive strength, bond behaviour, and rubber/cement interfacial transition zone (ITZ) were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The results demonstrate that a soaking duration of 2 h provides much better performance in both the strength and bond properties compared to 24-h soaking. A further improvement in the 7-day strength was achieved with the rubber soaked in 5% sodium sulphate solution for 2 h, providing a more practical and economical rubber pre-treatment method for concrete industry use.
7
Morrison, M. J., J. A. Frégeau-Reid, and E. R. Cober. "Seed Protein, Soaking Duration, and Soaking Temperature Effects on Gamma Aminobutyric Acid Concentration in Short-Season Soybean." Crop Science 53, no. 6 (November 2013): 2563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2013.02.0088.
Full text
8
Arancon, Norman Q., Archana Pant, Theodore Radovich, Nguyen V. Hue, Jesse K. Potter, and Chad E. Converse. "Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Tomato and Lettuce as Affected by Vermicompost Water Extracts (Teas)." HortScience 47, no. 12 (December 2012): 1722–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.12.1722.
Full textAbstract:
Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of vermicompost water extracts (teas) and seed soaking duration on germination of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds. In the first experiment, tomato and lettuce seeds were soaked in vermicompost teas prepared from chicken manure-based vermicomposts for 9 hours. The concentrations of the extracts used were 10%, 5%, 3%, 1% (1:10, 1:20, 1:33, and 1:100 vermicompost-to-water ratio by volume), and 0% (water control). Seeds were sown in peat–perlite medium, and seedlings were harvested after 4 weeks. Soaking seeds in vermicompost teas significantly (P < 0.0001) increased germination percentage and seedling growth of tomato and lettuce compared with control. The response to concentrations of the vermicompost tea was generally linear. In another experiment, tea produced from food waste-based vermicompost was used. Tomato seeds were soaked in 20%, 10%, 5%, 1%, and 0% teas after 24 hours of soaking and sown into a sphagnum moss-based medium. Plant responses were linear and quadratic for germination and growth, respectively, with 1% vermicompost tea increasing germination, whereas 5% vermicompost tea significantly promoted growth. A third experiment was done to evaluate the interaction of a range of vermicompost tea concentrations (20%, 10%, 5%, 1%, and 0%) and length of soaking (24, 12, 8, 4, 1 hours, and 0: no soaking) on the germination of tomato seeds. There was a significant interaction (P < 0.001) between the concentration of vermicompost teas and lengths of soaking. Soaking duration generally had a significantly positive and linear effect on germination of tomato seeds across the concentrations of vermicompost tea. Germination rates of tomato seeds were significantly greater after 8, 12, and 24 hours of soaking. However, within each soaking duration, concentrations of vermicompost teas had variable effects on seed germination. The presence of N-indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), cytokinin, gibberellins, and humic acids in the teas could have been responsible for the faster germination of tomato seeds when soaked at lower concentrations and longer soaking times.
9
Zhao, Yan, Qing Song Yang, Shu Yang, Hong Mei Zhao, Qing Song Duan, Yun Xian Yang, and Xiang Dong Qin. "Effects of Biogas Slurry Pretreatment on Germination and Seedling Growth of Vicia faba L." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.208.
Full textAbstract:
In order to study the effect of seed soaking with biogas slurry on seed germination and growth of faba beans (Vicia faba L.), the experiment was conducted. The seeds were soaked in biogas slurry for various soaking durations (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours) and different concentration (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 %) along with control to determine the optimal soaking duration and find out the best growing condition. The highest germination rate, germination potential and germination index were obtained when the faba beans seeds soaked for 4 hours in 75 % biogas slurry. Seedling growth was recorded in plants where seeds soaked for 6 hours in 75 % biogas slurry. It was concluded that the seed soaking of biogas slurry with lower concentration (25, 50 and 75 %) showed best results regarding maximum germination and enhanced growth. However, under the higher concentration (100 %) conditions of biogas slurry had a tendency of decrease on seed germination and seedling growth.
10
Adekoyeni, Oludare Olumuyiwa, and Adedola Sulaiman Adeboye. "Effect of Storage Duration and Processing Parameters on Some Cooking Properties of Ofada Rice." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, no. 11 (October 28, 2018): 1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i11.1550-1555.1900.
Full textAbstract:
Effects of storage duration, soaking time and parboiling temperature on cooking properties (cooking time, water uptake ratio, solid loss, cooked kernel length, and amylose) of Ofada rice was determined and optimised using response surface methodology. Storage duration, soaking time and parboiling temperature were 1, 5, and 9 months; 1, 3, and 5 days; and 80, 100, and 120°C. Data were analysed by ANOVA and regression analysis. The cooking time ranged between 14-38 min, water uptake ratio (WUR) 2.51-4.61, solid loss 1.47-4.78%, cooked kernel length 6.32-11.90 and amylose 17.34-26.28%. There exist significant differences in the cooking properties. The coefficient R2 ranged between 0.97-0.75 which is a positive indicator of the model fitness. Storage duration and parboiling temperature influenced cooking except in solid loss and cooked kernel length respectively. Effect of soaking time was found prominent in WUR and solid loss. Optimum treatment for quality cooking properties are storage of paddy for 5 months, soaking for 18h and parboiling at 80°C to yield 20 min cooking time, 4.22 water uptake ratio, 4.11% solid loss, 10.58 mm cooked kernel length and 25.08% amylose. The validated experiment yielded 21.41 min, 3.99, 2.73%, 8.20 mm and 26.39% for cooking time, water uptake ratio, solid loss, cooked kernel length and amylose respectively.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Soaking duration"
1
Jašmontaitė, Lijana. "Kvapiųjų rozmarinų, Vaistinių ramunių ir Paprastųjų pankolių skystųjų ekstraktų technologijos ir kokybės vertinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140618_160641-94697.
Full textAbstract:
Darbo tikslas - nustatyti, kaip technologiniai veiksniai (brinkinimo trukmė, ekstrahento koncentracija) lemia etanolinių skystųjų ekstraktų (iš rozmarinų lapų, pankolių vaisių, ramunių žiedų) kokybinę sudėtį.
Darbo uždaviniai:
1. Remiantis mokslo literatūros duomenimis, parinkti žaliavos ir ekstrahento santykį, racionalų ekstrahentą bei ekstrahavimo metodą gaminamiems skystiesiems ekstraktams iš rozmarinų lapų, pankolių vaisių, ramunių žiedų.
2. Iširti brinkinimo trukmės ir ekstrahento koncentracijos įtaką pagamintų skystųjų ekstraktų kokybei, nustatant sauso likučio, bendrą fenolinių junginių kiekį ir antioksidacinį aktyvumą.
3. Iš gautų skystųjų ekstraktų pagaminti kompleksinį preparatą, tinkantį virškinamojo trakto (VT) veiklos sutrikimų šalinimui.
4. Įvertinti saugojimo laiko įtaką etanolinių skystųjų ekstraktų bei iš jų pagamintų mišinių kokybei.
Tyrimo objektai ir metodai: Bendras fenolinių junginių kiekis rozmarinų lapų, ramunių žiedų ir pankolių vaisių etanoliniuose skystuosiuose ekstraktuose nustatytas spektrofotometriniu metodu pagal galo rūgštį. Antioksidacinis aktyvumas įvertintas spektrofotometriškai, naudojant DPPH• laisvojo radikalo sujungimo metodą. Gravimetriniu metodu nustatytas sausasis skystųjų ekstraktų likutis. Gauti rezultatai apdoroti naudojant Microsoft Office Excel 2010 ir Sigma Plot 12.0 programas.
Tyrimo rezultatai ir išvados: Atlikti tyrimai rodo, kad 2 valandos – optimalus brinkinimo laikas, gaminant nagrinėjamų žaliavų skystuosius ekstraktus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The aim of this research - to set how the technological factors (soaking duration, ethanol concentration) determine qualitative composition of ethanolic liquid extracts (from rosemary leaves, chamomile flowers, fennel fruit). The tasks of this research are: 1. According to the literature, to select proportion of the substance and extractive solvent, a rational extractive solvent and the method of production of liquid ethanolic extracts from rosemary leaves, fennel fruit and chamomile flowers. 2. To assess the impact of the soaking duration and ethanol concentration for quality of the liquid extracts by assessing dry residue level, amount of phenolic compouds and antioxidant activity. 3. To produce a complex product, from received ethanolic liquid extracts, suiting for digestive tract activity‘s disorders elimination. 4. To evaluate stability of ethanolic liquid extracts and from them produced compouds. The objects and methods of analysis: Rosemary leaves, chamomile flowers and fennel fruit ethanolic liquid extracts were analyzed by using spectrophotometric method for total amount of phenolic compounds expressed by gallic acid equivalents (GAE) and for evaluation of antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical inactivation. Also gravimetric method was used for determination of dry residue levels. The results were obtained using Microsoft Office Excel 2010 and Sigma Plot 12.0 programs. Results and conclusions of analysis: According to all three methods... [to full text]
Book chapters on the topic "Soaking duration"
1
Qin, Yong. "Study on Reasonable Soaking Duration of CO2 Huff-and-Puff in Tight Oil Reservoirs." In The Three Sisters, 295–310. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119510079.ch15.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Soaking duration"
1
Laraia, Kathryn, Nicholas Leone, Rebecca MacDonald, and Thierry Blanchet. "Effect of Water and Serum Absorption on Wear of Unirradiated and Crosslinked UHMWPE Orthopaedic Bearing Materials." In ASME/STLE 2004 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/trib2004-64008.
Full textAbstract:
In addition to confounding mass-based wear measurements in serum-lubricated hip simulator experiments, fluid absorption by the acetabular cups may simultaneously modify the wear resistance of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) from which they are composed. To decouple the fluid absorption and wear processes enabling clearer investigation of this effect, absorption was first imposed during an initial stage where UHMWPE was exposed to pressurized (10MPa) fluid. This was followed by a second stage, where resultant wear behavior was assessed by a multidirectional pin-on-flat technique that, though still providing a serum-lubricating environment, does not promote the simultaneous fluid absorption occurring in hip simulator testing. Both unirradiated and highly-crosslinked UHMWPE were investigated, each with both bovine calf serum and water soaking exposures of duration to 129 days. The pressurized soaking of a highly-crosslinked UHMWPE decreased its wear resistance, causing an increase in wear rate by approximately 50% during subsequent serum-lubricated multidirectional pin-on-flat sliding tests as compared to non-soaked material. The magnitude of this effect did not appear to depend on whether the soaking fluid was water or serum, nor did it appear to depend on soak time provided it was at least of a 14-day duration during which more rapid transient fluid absorption occurs. Such soaking did not produce as pronounced an effect on unirradiated UHMWPE, at its lack of wear resistance likely causes the absorption-affected surface region to the completed removed within the earliest stages of sliding contact.
2
Pai, D. M., S. N. Yarmolenko, E. Freeman, and L. P. Zawada. "Elevated Temperature Tensile Behavior of Nextel™ 720 Fibers." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43324.
Full textAbstract:
The tensile behavior of Nextel 720 fibers at elevated temperature was compared with room temperature results for both bare and monazite-coated fibers. While coated and uncoated fibers have nearly identical tensile strengths and Weibull moduli at room temperature, differences in response were seen at elevated temperature. Coated fibers tested at 1200°C were found to have a 40% drop in strength. Uncoated fibers at high temperature exhibited 55% less strength than at room temperature. However, the tensile strength distribution for uncoated fibers tested at high temperature exhibited two distinct populations, indicating two different failure mechanisms. One population showed a 50% drop while the other showed a 64% drop. The coating was thus found to have a protective effect in terms of short-duration high-temperature exposure. Further, the effect of soaking on strength was investigated by thermally soaking coated and uncoated fibers in air at 1200°C for 100 hours prior to tensile testing at elevated temperature. In this case, the long duration of thermal exposure appeared to eliminate the beneficial effects of the coating. Soaked fibers, both coated and uncoated, were found to have nearly identical strengths at 1200°C—a reduction of about 60%.
3
Wang, Shuoyu, Ahmed Abdulridha, Spencer Quiel, Clay Naito, Muhannad Sulieman, Justin Caspar, Julio Bravo, et al. "Mechanical Performance of Concrete Thermal Energy Storage Subject to Operating Thermal Demands." In ASME 2020 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2020 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and the ASME 2020 18th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2020-8976.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper presents a lab-scale investigation of the use of structural concrete for sensible heat storage in power plants. Transient thermal and mechanical analyses are simulated via coupled finite element models to study the thermo-mechanical performance of a cylindrical concrete block with 4-in diameter and 8-in length under thermal loading. The model is validated by performing experiments on high strength concrete (HSC) cylinders with this geometry in an oven, which heats the specimens from the outside. The models are then modified to simulate thermal energy storage (TES) application with thermal loading applied at the interior surface of a hole running through the longitudinal center of the cylinder. Thermal cycles have a varying heating rate (5, 10, or 24 hours) followed by consistent durations of soaking (2 hours) and cooling (13 hours). In the TES simulations, a steel jacket is also applied to the external surface of the concrete cylinder to provide confinement. The resulting thermal distribution and maximum principal stresses during heating and cooling are observed as a function of time. This study provides insight into the mechanical requirements and impact on material integrity for concrete modules subjected to representative TES heating regimes.