Journal articles: 'Soaking duration'

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Siyar, S., S. Sami, F. Hussain, and Z. Hussain. "Allelopathic Effects of Sheesham Extracts on Germination and Seedling Growth of Common Wheat." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 51, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cerce-2018-0032.

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Abstract Interactions between plants represent an important aspect of ecology, which enables them to properly utilize the available resources in the given environment. The interactions are mediated by different mechanisms, among which allelopathy is a significant one. During allelopathic interactions, plants tend to suppress competitors plants or stimulate those which can help them adjust in the environment in a better manner. Such interactions are triggered by the release of chemical compounds termed, as allelochemicals, which have an important role in agricultural modulation. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the allelopathic effects of leaf and bark extracts of sheesham (Dalbergia sissoo L.) on germination data of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Auqab. Different concentrations (7 g/l, 14 g/l, and 21 g/l) of sundried leaf and bark extracts, obtained after 12, 24 and 36 h of soaking duration were tested for germination %, mean germination time (MGT), plumule and radicle length and seedling dry weight. It was observed that germination % was negatively affected by 21 g leaf and bark extract concentration at 36 h soaking duration, but not by lower concentration or soaking durations. MGT was significantly increased by leaf and bark extracts at three concentration levels, as well as soaking durations. Plumule and radicle length responded negatively to both leaf and bark extracts at higher concentration and when soaking duration was increased. Seedling dry weight was increased by 7 g leaf extracts at 36 h, but reduced by 21g at 12 and 24 h soaking durations. On the other hand, 21 g of bark extracts at 12, 24 and 36 h soaking duration resulted in significantly increased dry biomass. These results suggest negative allelopathy of Sheesham on studied germination parameters of wheat, except radicle length and dry biomass.

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Pratiwi, Tri Ayu, Muhamad Rahmad Suhartanto, and Abdul Qadir. "Pengembangan Metode Pengusangan Cepat Kimia pada Benih Pepaya (Carica papaya L.)." Comm. Horticulturae Journal 2, no. 3 (January 7, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/chj.2.3.1-6.

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Indonesia needs quality improvement for papaya fruits to increase its exportquantity and value. Seed quality is one that affect quality of fruits. Estimation of vigor storability is necessary for maintaining seed quality. Chemical accelerated aging method using ethanol has several advantages in predicting vigor storabilityof seeds. Seed aging (devigoration) during the aging process affected by soaking duration and aging duration. This research aims to determine the optimum soaking duration dan aging duration for chemical accelerated aging on papaya seed. This research consists of two experiments. Experiment 1 is determination of aging duration with treatment 0, 1x30, 2x30, 3x30, and 4x30 minutes aging. Experiment 2 is determination of soaking duration with treatment 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours soaking. Experiment 1 showed that aging duration 48 minutes can reduce 50% germination of Callina papaya seed. Experiment 2 showed that the optimum soaking duration is 48 hours. This method produces germination before aging 77.1% and after aging 38.4% with angle of regression line 38.9° and moisture content about 64-66%.Keywords: callina, devigoration, ethanol, germination, soaking duration

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Agbokwor, Silas Ezedinma, Daniel Oray Nnamdi Obikwelu, Simeon Ikechukwu Neife, and Camillus Sunday Obayi. "Corrosivity Study of Sensitized Welded and Unwelded Austenitic Stainless Steel AISI 304 in Oxidizing and Non-Oxidizing Environment." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 10 (October 31, 2019): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.10.1531.

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An experimental investigation was carried out to determine the corrosive impact of oxidizing and non-oxidizing environments on sensitized welded and unwelded samples of AISI 304. The selected samples were cut into several sizes. To induce sensitization, the samples were heated and soaked at 750oC at different soaking time intervals such as 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 180minutes, 300 minutes and 600 minutes followed by water quenching [1]. The resultant sensitized weldment and unwelded samples were subjected to immersion duration test each in oxidizing (H2SO4) and non-oxidizing (HCL) media for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, & 50 minutes respectively. From the results obtained, it was concluded that corrosion rate decreases as soaking time/immersion duration increases, at constant soaking temperature in non-oxidizing medium of hydrochloric acid (HCL). However, the corrosion rate decrease of the unwelded samples of AISI 304 in non-oxidizing medium is greater than that of their welded counterpart as immersion duration/soaking time increases. Similarly, the unwelded and welded samples of AISI 304, in oxidizing medium of H2SO4 have one common characteristic with their corrosion rate decreasing as soaking time/immersion duration increases; but, surprisingly, the welded samples are having lower corrosion rate than that of the unwelded counterpart as the immersion duration/soaking time increases between 5-15minutes; but reverses to a higher corrosion rate than their unwelded counterpart as immersion duration increases between 15-50 minutes. The results showed that each sample reacted differently in oxidizing and non-oxidizing media; hence oxidizing and non-oxidizing media impacted the materials’ properties differently. The sensitization differences of the welded and the unwelded counterpart obtained during soaking time, significantly affected their reactions in oxidizing and non-oxidizing media which led to differences in the corrosive impacts, under the same environment.

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Yanty, Dini Puspita, and Siti Hardianti Wahyuni. "Effect of immersion duration of trichoderma harzianum on local chili growth." Jurnal Pertanian Tropik 6, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jpt.v6i3.3215.

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Effect of immersion duration of trichoderma harzianum on local chili growth the aim of this researchis to see the old soaking ability of Trichoderma harzianum mushroom on the growth of local chili.The design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 6 treatments and 4replications, namely local chili seeds soaked with a 5-minute T.harzianum suspension, local chiliseeds soaked with a 10-minute T.harzianum suspension, local chili seeds that were soaked marinatedwith T.harzianum suspension for 15 minutes, local chili seeds soaked with T.harzianum suspensionfor 20 minutes, local chili seeds soaked with T.harzianum suspension for 25 minutes, Control (withoutimmersion with trichoderma harzianum suspension. Observed parameters are the percentage of local chiligrowth, plant height and number of leaves The results showed that the application of trichoderma harzianumhad a good effect on the growth of chili plants, soaking for 25 minutes was the best soaking on localchili seeds.

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Agun, Linda, Siti Fairus Jimat, and Hamimah Abd Rahman. "Effects of Soaking Duration on the Properties of LSCF–SDCC for Low-Temperature SOFC." Advanced Materials Research 1133 (January 2016): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1133.28.

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Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer the advantages of high efficiency, low pollution emission, and low processing cost. SOFC quality is strongly influenced by the preparation process. Composite La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF) samarium-doped ceria carbonate (SDCC) cathode for low-temperature SOFCs was developed, and the effect of sintering soaking time on the physical properties of an LSCF–SDCC composite cathode was studied. Composite cathode powders with 50 wt.% LSCF and 50 wt.% SDCC were mixed before undergoing calcination and uniaxial pressing process. The pressed samples were sintered at 600 °C and soaked at 1, 2, and 3 hr. The porosity and density results obtained by the Archimedes method showed a decrement of porosity from 24.92% to 19.62% and an increment of density from 4.03 g cm−1 to 4.15 g cm−1 under 1 hr to 3 hr of soaking time. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that the grain size of the composite cathode surface increases with increasing soaking time. X-ray diffraction results demonstrate that the diffraction angles at 33o and 59o exhibit a decreasing SDCC peak because of the increasing grain size. However, the new peak of lithium chromium oxide (Li2CrO4) appears at an angle of 21.66° for 3 hr soaking time. The findings proved that soaking time influences the microstructure of the composite cathode.

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Roychand, Rajeev, Rebecca J. Gravina, Yan Zhuge, Xing Ma, Julie E. Mills, and Osama Youssf. "Practical Rubber Pre-Treatment Approch for Concrete Use—An Experimental Study." Journal of Composites Science 5, no. 6 (May 26, 2021): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs5060143.

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There is a lot of ongoing active research all over the world looking for various applications of used tyre rubber, to increase its utilisation rate. One of the common research applications is to incorporate rubber into concrete as a partial replacement for conventional aggregates. However, due to its poor bonding performance with cement paste, the utilisation of rubber in concrete has been hindered to date. A cost-effective and time-saving rubber pre-treatment method is of great interest, especially for the concrete industry. Out of all the various pre-treatment methods, soaking rubber particles in water is the most cost-effective and least complex method. In addition, sodium sulphate accelerates the hydration reaction of the cement composites. This study looks at the effect of soaking crumb rubber in tap water for short (2 h) and long (24 h) durations, and the optimised duration was then compared with soaking the crumb rubber in a 5% concentration of sodium sulphate solution. Compressive strength, bond behaviour, and rubber/cement interfacial transition zone (ITZ) were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The results demonstrate that a soaking duration of 2 h provides much better performance in both the strength and bond properties compared to 24-h soaking. A further improvement in the 7-day strength was achieved with the rubber soaked in 5% sodium sulphate solution for 2 h, providing a more practical and economical rubber pre-treatment method for concrete industry use.

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Morrison, M. J., J. A. Frégeau-Reid, and E. R. Cober. "Seed Protein, Soaking Duration, and Soaking Temperature Effects on Gamma Aminobutyric Acid Concentration in Short-Season Soybean." Crop Science 53, no. 6 (November 2013): 2563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2013.02.0088.

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Arancon, Norman Q., Archana Pant, Theodore Radovich, Nguyen V. Hue, Jesse K. Potter, and Chad E. Converse. "Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Tomato and Lettuce as Affected by Vermicompost Water Extracts (Teas)." HortScience 47, no. 12 (December 2012): 1722–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.12.1722.

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Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of vermicompost water extracts (teas) and seed soaking duration on germination of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds. In the first experiment, tomato and lettuce seeds were soaked in vermicompost teas prepared from chicken manure-based vermicomposts for 9 hours. The concentrations of the extracts used were 10%, 5%, 3%, 1% (1:10, 1:20, 1:33, and 1:100 vermicompost-to-water ratio by volume), and 0% (water control). Seeds were sown in peat–perlite medium, and seedlings were harvested after 4 weeks. Soaking seeds in vermicompost teas significantly (P < 0.0001) increased germination percentage and seedling growth of tomato and lettuce compared with control. The response to concentrations of the vermicompost tea was generally linear. In another experiment, tea produced from food waste-based vermicompost was used. Tomato seeds were soaked in 20%, 10%, 5%, 1%, and 0% teas after 24 hours of soaking and sown into a sphagnum moss-based medium. Plant responses were linear and quadratic for germination and growth, respectively, with 1% vermicompost tea increasing germination, whereas 5% vermicompost tea significantly promoted growth. A third experiment was done to evaluate the interaction of a range of vermicompost tea concentrations (20%, 10%, 5%, 1%, and 0%) and length of soaking (24, 12, 8, 4, 1 hours, and 0: no soaking) on the germination of tomato seeds. There was a significant interaction (P < 0.001) between the concentration of vermicompost teas and lengths of soaking. Soaking duration generally had a significantly positive and linear effect on germination of tomato seeds across the concentrations of vermicompost tea. Germination rates of tomato seeds were significantly greater after 8, 12, and 24 hours of soaking. However, within each soaking duration, concentrations of vermicompost teas had variable effects on seed germination. The presence of N-indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), cytokinin, gibberellins, and humic acids in the teas could have been responsible for the faster germination of tomato seeds when soaked at lower concentrations and longer soaking times.

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Zhao, Yan, Qing Song Yang, Shu Yang, Hong Mei Zhao, Qing Song Duan, Yun Xian Yang, and Xiang Dong Qin. "Effects of Biogas Slurry Pretreatment on Germination and Seedling Growth of Vicia faba L." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.208.

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In order to study the effect of seed soaking with biogas slurry on seed germination and growth of faba beans (Vicia faba L.), the experiment was conducted. The seeds were soaked in biogas slurry for various soaking durations (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours) and different concentration (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 %) along with control to determine the optimal soaking duration and find out the best growing condition. The highest germination rate, germination potential and germination index were obtained when the faba beans seeds soaked for 4 hours in 75 % biogas slurry. Seedling growth was recorded in plants where seeds soaked for 6 hours in 75 % biogas slurry. It was concluded that the seed soaking of biogas slurry with lower concentration (25, 50 and 75 %) showed best results regarding maximum germination and enhanced growth. However, under the higher concentration (100 %) conditions of biogas slurry had a tendency of decrease on seed germination and seedling growth.

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Adekoyeni, Oludare Olumuyiwa, and Adedola Sulaiman Adeboye. "Effect of Storage Duration and Processing Parameters on Some Cooking Properties of Ofada Rice." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, no. 11 (October 28, 2018): 1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i11.1550-1555.1900.

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Effects of storage duration, soaking time and parboiling temperature on cooking properties (cooking time, water uptake ratio, solid loss, cooked kernel length, and amylose) of Ofada rice was determined and optimised using response surface methodology. Storage duration, soaking time and parboiling temperature were 1, 5, and 9 months; 1, 3, and 5 days; and 80, 100, and 120°C. Data were analysed by ANOVA and regression analysis. The cooking time ranged between 14-38 min, water uptake ratio (WUR) 2.51-4.61, solid loss 1.47-4.78%, cooked kernel length 6.32-11.90 and amylose 17.34-26.28%. There exist significant differences in the cooking properties. The coefficient R2 ranged between 0.97-0.75 which is a positive indicator of the model fitness. Storage duration and parboiling temperature influenced cooking except in solid loss and cooked kernel length respectively. Effect of soaking time was found prominent in WUR and solid loss. Optimum treatment for quality cooking properties are storage of paddy for 5 months, soaking for 18h and parboiling at 80°C to yield 20 min cooking time, 4.22 water uptake ratio, 4.11% solid loss, 10.58 mm cooked kernel length and 25.08% amylose. The validated experiment yielded 21.41 min, 3.99, 2.73%, 8.20 mm and 26.39% for cooking time, water uptake ratio, solid loss, cooked kernel length and amylose respectively.

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Campbell, Julie H., Jason J. Henderson, John C. Inguagiato, Victoria H. Wallace, and Anthony Minniti. "Optimizing Pre-germination Techniques for Kentucky Bluegrass and Perennial Ryegrass1." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 37, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-37.1.19.

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Abstract Many intensively trafficked areas such as athletic fields and golf courses require constant overseeding to maintain suitable turfgrass cover. Rapid seed germination and development are critical to managing these high wear areas. The objectives of this research were to determine the effect of water aeration, seed soaking duration, and water temperature on mean germination time (MGT) and final germination percentage (FGP) of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L., KBG) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L., PRG). Two separate controlled environment studies were conducted. PRG soaked in aerated water from 8 to 48 h had a 20% decrease in MGT compared to an untreated control, while treated KBG decreased MGT by only 10% compared to an untreated control. Soaking duration and water temperature had significant effects on KBG. KBG MGT was optimized at 20 C (68 F) water temperature with a soaking duration of 24 h. MGT of PRG was optimized when soaked for 8 h while water was aerated. There was no significant difference in FGP for any of the treatments tested. Index words: turfgrass, aeration, seed soaking. Species used in this study: Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.); perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.).

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Lubis, Rahmat Rivai, Trisda Kurniawan, and Zuyasna Zuyasna. "Invigorasi benih tomat kadaluarsa dengan ekstrak bawang merah pada berbagai konsentrasi dan lama perendaman." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 3, no. 4 (November 1, 2018): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v3i4.9392.

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Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi dan lama perendaman ekstrak bawang merah serta interaksi keduanya terhadap viabilitas benih tomat kadaluarsa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakaan di Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih Jurusan Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh dari bulan April sampai Juni 2018. Unit-unit penelitian disusun berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola faktorial 5x3 dengan 3 ulangan dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Jujur taraf 5% pada hasil uji F yang signifikan. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi ekstrak bawang merah dengan 5 taraf yaitu 0, 25, 50, 75 dan 100%, sedangkan faktor kedua adalah lama perendaman dengan 3 taraf yaitu 12, 24 dan 36 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi ekstrak bawang merah terbaik terdapat pada konsentrasi ekstrak bawang merah 25%. Lama perendaman tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tolok ukur pertumbuhan bibit. Tidak terjadi interaksi yang nyata antara konsentrasi ekstrak bawang merah dan lama perendaman terhadap tolok ukur pertumbuhan bibit.Invigoration of Expired Tomato Seeds with Onion Extract at Various Concentrations and Soaking DurationsAbstract. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of onion concentration and soaking duration and interaction between them on the expired tomato seed viability. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology Department of Agrotechnology Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh from April to June 2018. Treatment units were arranged according to Factorial Completely Randomized Design 5x3 in 3 replications, and the significant data than continued analized by Honestly Significant Different. The first factor was the concentrations of extract onion i.e 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%, and the second factor was durations of soaking i.e 12, 24 and 36 hours. The result showed the best concentration for invigoration was 25% of onion extract. Soaking duration does not have a significant effect on seedling growth. There is no significant interaction between the concentration of onion extract and soaking duration on seedling growth.

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Nowshin, Humyra, Kumkum Devnath, Anjuman Ara Begum, and Md Anisur Rahman Mazumder. "Effects of soaking and grinding conditions on anti-nutrient and nutrient contents of soy milk." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 16, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v16i1.36497.

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Although soy milk is a very good source of nutrient with high biological value, the presence of anti-nutritional factors affects its nutrition quality and limits bioavailability of the nutrients. The effects of soaking duration and combination of soaking and grinding (hot or cold) on phytate, lipoxygenase, urease, trypsin inhibitor activity, protein solubility and other nutrient contents were investigated. Soaking alone at 55 and 60oC for different durations was found effective for the reduction of lipoxygense activity. Combination of soaking, blanching (80oC for 10 min) and hot grinding (100oC) significantly (P>0.05) reduced urease activity, more than 80% phytate activity and deactivated trypsin inhibitor, but did not affect protein solubility. Meanwhile, protein solubility (10–15%) was increased due to hot grinding. Soy milk extracted from soaking at 55 and 60oC for 2, 4 and 6 h with hot grinding provided higher protein content compared to cold grinding. Increase in soaking temperature from 55 to 60oC increased the extracted solid content having a potential fraction of lipid. Increasing soaking time from 4 to 6 h did not show any significant difference in terms of phytate inhibition, urease activity reduction, trypsin inhibition and protein solubility except lipoxygenase activity. The results suggested that soaking of soybean at 60oC for 6 h and hot grinding (100oC) with blanching at 80oC for 10 min is the best for reducing anti-nutrient and retaining nutrient activity for soy milk and other soy-based products.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(1): 158-163, April 2018

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Saefudin, Saefudin, Muhammad Syakir, Sakiroh Sakiroh, and Maman Herman. "Pengaruh Bobot dan Perendaman Bulbil Terhadap Viabilitas dan Pertumbuhan Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume)." Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar 8, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jtidp.v8n2.2021.p79-86.

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The problem that often arises in the procurement of seeds is in selecting seeds that have high physiological quality. The Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) planting material is generally in the form of bulbils of varying sizes with a dormancy period of 4-5 months. One of the efforts to break seed dormancy is by soaking. This study aimed to determine the effect of bulbil weight and soaking duration on the viability and growth of porang. The research was carried out at the Pakuwon Experimental Station, Balittri, Sukabumi, West Java, from September to December 2020. The design used was a split plot with 3 replications. The main plot was the bulbil weight which consisted of 3 categories: (1) large size (12.66-16.96 g/seed), (2) medium (10.41-11.53 g/seed), and (3) small (5.63-7.11 g/seed). The sub-plots were the soaking duration in water which consisted of 4 levels: 0 hours (without soaking), and soaking for 2 hours, 4 hours, and 6 hours. The variables observed were the viability, petiole length, and fresh weight of plants at 2 months after sowing. The results showed that there’s no interaction effect between bulbil weight and soaking duration for all variables observed. Bulbs with large and medium weights produced higher viability and petiole length compared to small bulbils, while the highest plant fresh weight was produced by large bulbil weights. The correlation results showed that the higher the viability of the seed, the longer the petiole, and the higher the fresh weight of plant.

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Agu, H. O., and A. Michael-Agwuoke. "Optimization of Soaking Duration and Temperature for Two Nigerian Rice Cultivars." Nigerian Food Journal 30, no. 2 (2012): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0189-7241(15)30030-8.

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Kawamura, Takashi, Tomoki Kobayashi, and Nobuhisa Watanabe. "Analysis of the HindIII-catalyzed reaction by time-resolved crystallography." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 71, no. 2 (January 23, 2015): 256–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1399004714025188.

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In order to investigate the mechanism of the reaction catalyzed by HindIII, structures of HindIII–DNA complexes with varying durations of soaking time in cryoprotectant buffer containing manganese ions were determined by the freeze-trap method. In the crystal structures of the complexes obtained after soaking for a longer duration, two manganese ions, indicated by relatively higher electron density, are clearly observed at the two metal ion-binding sites in the active site of HindIII. The increase in the electron density of the two metal-ion peaks followed distinct pathways with increasing soaking times, suggesting variation in the binding rate constant for the two metal sites. DNA cleavage is observed when the second manganese ion appears, suggesting that HindIII uses the two-metal-ion mechanism, or alternatively that its reactivity is enhanced by the binding of the second metal ion. In addition, conformational change in a loop near the active site accompanies the catalytic reaction.

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Katoch, Sanjeev, Rakesh Sehgal, and Vishal Singh. "Wear behavior of differently cryogenically treated AISI H13 steel against cold work steel." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 233, no. 2 (June 9, 2018): 292–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408918781621.

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The effect of different cryogenic treatments on the wear behavior of chromium base die steel under dry condition has been examined at five levels of sliding velocity and normal loads. Parameters chosen for cryogenic treatment cycles are subjected to soaking duration of 6, 21, and 36 h at soaking temperatures of −154 ℃ and −184 ℃. Soaking period of 21 h shows higher wear resistance, whereas 36 h treatment shows the reduction in wear resistance. Worn out surface and wear debris exhibit that mechanisms responsible for wear of samples are rupturing of martensitic matrix and delaminating.

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Afdharani, Resti, Hasanuddin Hasanuddin, and Bakhtiar Bakhtiar. "Pengaruh Bahan Invigorasi dan Lama Perendaman pada Benih Padi Kadaluarsa (Oryza sativa L.) terhadap Viabilitas dan Vigor Benih." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 4, no. 1 (March 28, 2020): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v4i1.10361.

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Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bahan invigorasi dan lama perendaman serta interaksi keduanya terhadap viabilitas benih padi kadaluarsa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakaan di Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih Jurusan Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh dari bulan Juli sampai bulan Agustus 2018. Unit-unit penelitian disusun berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 4x3 dengan 3 ulangan dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) taraf 5% pada hasil uji F yang signifikan. Faktor pertama adalah bahan invigorasi dengan 4 jenis bahan yaitu Aquades, PEG, KNO3, dan Air kelapa. Faktor kedua adalah lama perendaman dengan 3 taraf yaitu 12, 24 dan 48 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahan invigorasi terbaik terdapat pada bahan invigorasi menggunakan PEG. Lama perendaman tidak berpengaruh terhadap viabilitas benih padi kadaluarsa. Kombinasi perlakuan terbaik antara bahan invigorasi dan lama perendaman untuk invigorasi benih padi kadaluarsa pada penelitian ini terdapat pada bahan invigorasi menggunakan PEG dan lama perendaman 24 jam.The Effect of Invigorating Material and Soaking Periods on Expired Rice Seeds (Oryza sativa L.) againts Viability and Vigor SeedsAbstract. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of invigoration technique and soaking duration and interaction between them on the expired rice seed viability. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology Department of Agrotechnology Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh from July to August 2018. Treatment units were arranged in Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) 4x3 in 3 replications, and the significant data was continued analized by Honestly Significant Different (HSD). The first factor was the invigoration technique that used 4 substance i.e Aquades, PEG, KNO3, and coconut water. While the second factor was duration of soaking i.e 12, 24 and 48 hours. The result showed the best concentration for invigoration was one used PEG, while the duration for soaking was not effect on invigoration. The best combination for invigoration of expired rice seeds on this research was PEG and 24 hours of soaking duration.

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Syahidah, Syahidah, and Andi D. Yunianti. "Distribusi, Retensi, dan Penetrasi Bahan Pengawet Ekstrak Daun Tuba (Derris elliptica Benth) pada Kayu Kemiri dan Kayu Agathis (Distribution, Retention, and Penetration of Tuba Leaves Extract (Derris elliptica Benth) on Aleurites moluccana and Agathis Wood)." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis 17, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51850/jitkt.v17i2.467.

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Wood preservation is carried out to increase the service life of wood with low natural durability. Factors such as wood structure, preservatives, and methods of preservation influence the preservation processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate retention, penetration, and distribution of tuba (Derris elliptica) leaves extract into the candlenut wood (Aleurites molluccana) and agathis (Agathis sp.) wood structures. The wood samples were treated with hot and cold soaking. The duration of hot soaking were 3, 5, and 7 hours, while for cold soaking were 3, 5, and 7 days. The result showed that the highest retention of extract was achieved by cold soaking for 7 days at 9.4 kg m-3, and the lowest retention was achieved by hot soaking for 3 hours at 1.9 kg m‑3. The highest penetration occured by cold soaking for 7 days at 8.08 mm and the lowest was that with hot soaking for 3 hours at 2.81 mm. However, the distribution of the extract in the agathis wood structures could not be detected by stereo microscope. In the the case of the candlenut wood, the extract was distributed in the parenchyma cell.

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Sari, Yulfa Astuti Ika, Dwi Harjoko, and Retna Bandriyati Arniputri. "Perendaman Serat Batang Aren dengan NaOH sebagai Substrat Hidroponik Cabai Merah Besar." Agrotechnology Research Journal 4, no. 1 (June 25, 2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/agrotechresj.v4i1.35676.

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NaOH treatment is expected to can increased fiber tensile strength, therefore it is to become stronger and durable as substrate on hydroponic. This research aimed to study the growth and yield responses of chili, also fiber characteristic due to NaOH soaking treatment. This research was conducted on December 2018 to July 2019 at Greenhouse B and Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret. This method used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) that consisted of 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was NaOH concentration which consists 6 levels; 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%. The second factor was soaking duration which consists 4 levels; 0, 2, 4 and 8 hours. The results showed that NaOH treatment increased pH, bulk density, particle density and water holding capacity, however it is decreased macro pores on fiber. Treatment of 5% NaOH with 2 hours soaking duration decreased percent of fiber decomposed. Arenga wood fiber soaked on 2 hours duration increased root length. NaOH treatment decreased the number of fruits, weight fruit and weight of dried plant biomass, however treatment of 5% NaOH increased vitamin C content on fruit.

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Bharati, Pushpa, and M. P. Vaidehi. "Treatment of Sorghum Grains with Calcium Hydroxide for Calcium Enrichment." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 11, no. 2 (June 1989): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482658901100215.

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Four varieties of sorghum grain (SB-1079, DSH-1, CSH-5, and SB-905) were subjected to four methods of treatment with saturated calcium hydroxide solution (soaking and drying with and without washing for germinated and ungerminated grains) for five different periods: dipping only, or 4, 8, 16, or 32 hours of soaking. Among all the varieties, treated germinated grain showed a higher calcium content than treated ungerminated grain. Irrespective of the method or duration of soaking, SB-905 showed a significantly lower calcium content than the other varieties. A maximum calcium content of 253.6 mg per 100 g of grain was obtained in the DSH-1 variety when germinated grain was soaked and dried, compared to a 55.0 mg per 100 g in the untreated sample. Washing after soaking resulted in a decreased calcium content in both germinated and ungerminated grains. Increasing the soaking time from simple dipping to four or eight hours resulted in a significant increase in calcium content. Further increases in soaking time to 16 or 32 hours caused a significant reduction in calcium content.

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SETIAWATI, TIA, AGINTA PUTRI REHULINA KELIAT, RULY BUDIONO, RUHYAT PARTASASMITA, and JOHAN ISKANDAR. "Influence of NAA and coconut water with variation of soaking duration on the growth of yellow bamboo branch cutting." Nusantara Bioscience 10, no. 3 (August 1, 2018): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n100308.

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Setiawati T, Keliat APR, Budiono R, Partasasmita R, Iskandar J. 2018. Influence of NAA and coconut water with variation of soaking duration on the growth of yellow bamboo branch cutting. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 178-182. Yellow bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris Schrad Ex. var. Striata) is one kind of bamboo used for industrial and household raw materials. Yellow bamboo propagation with branch cuttings has relatively low percentage of growth. To increase the growing success of yellow bamboo branch cuttings can be used growth regulators substance, such as NAA and coconut water. This study aimed to obtain the best combination of NAA and coconut water with the soaking duration in the growth of yellow bamboo branch cuttings. The study was conducted using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) of 6 × 3 factorial arrangement with five replications. The first factor was the combination of NAA and coconut water (CW), which consisted of six levels, namely 100% CW, 20% NAA + 80% CW, 40% NAA + 60% CW, 60% NAA + 40% CW, 80% NAA + 20% CW and 100% NAA. The second factor was the soaking duration which consists of three levels, namely 12 h, 24 h, and 36 h. Parameters observed included shoot emerging time, shoot number, shoot length, leaf area, root number and root length. The data obtained were analyzed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) α=5%. The results showed that the combination of 80% NAA + 20% CW gave the best yellow bamboo branch cuttings growth with an average shoot length of 1.44 cm, leaf area 41.29 cm2, root number 42.87 and root length 23.70 cm. The interaction of 80% NAA + 20% CW with soaking duration of 36 h resulted in average the fastest shoot emerging time of 2.02 days after planting.

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Ataíde, Glauciana Da Mata, Eduardo Euclydes de Lima Borges, and Andressa Vasconcelos Flores. "ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY TEST IN Melanoxylon brauna SCHOTT. SEEDS (FABACEAE-CAESALPINIOIDEAE)." JOURNAL OF NEOTROPICAL AGRICULTURE 5, no. 4 (December 21, 2018): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32404/rean.v5i4.1878.

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The electrical conductivity test is a simple and rapid method for evaluating seed vigor. The aim of the present study was to optimize the electrical conductivity test for assessing the vigor of Melanoxylon brauna seeds by investigating the effects of seed number (25, 50, or 75), water volume (25, 50, or 75 mL), and soaking duration (24, 48, or 72 h). The seeds belonged to two lots (I and II) that were collected in 2010 and 2012, respectively, and were incubated in a germination chamber at 25 ºC. Electrical conductivity was determined using a conductivity meter Micronal model B220. The Lot II seeds performed better, in terms of vigor and germination, than the Lot I seeds, regardless of other parameters. In addition, electrical conductivity decreased with increasing water volume and soaking duration, regardless of seed lot. In order to most effectively evaluate the physiological quality of M. brauna seed lots, the electrical conductivity test should be performed using 50 seeds, 50 mL of water, and a 48-h soaking period.

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Adekoyeni, Oludare Olumuyiwa, Rahman Akinoso, Adekola Felix Adegoke, and Stephen Akintunde Fagbemi. "Effects of storage and processing parameters on pasting properties of Ofada for production of boiled and mashed rice." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 36, No. 3 (June 28, 2018): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/121/2017-cjfs.

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This study was designed to determine the effect of storage duration and processing conditions on pasting characteristics of Ofada rice and to determine the optimum pasting parameters for the production of boiled and mashed rice. The interactions of variables (storage, soaking, parboiling and drying) were studied using response surface methodology and pasting responses (final viscosity, trough, setback viscosity, breakdown, pasting temperature and pasting time) were analysed. The coefficient of R2 and adequate precision ranged between 0.994–0.7374 and 26.825–5.375, respectively, which indicate good fitness of the model. Parboiling temperature, drying temperature and storage duration significantly influenced the pasting properties of grain as revealed by positive coefficients in the model. The pasting requirements for boiled rice are storage of paddy for nine months, soaking for two days and 19 h, parboiling at 90.42°C and drying at 30°C, while for mashed rice storage of paddy for one month followed by soaking for five days, parboiling at 80°C and drying at 54.22°C are required.

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Seran, Wilhelmina, Astin Elise Mau, and Mamie Elsyana Pellondo’u. "Concentration and Soaking Duration Organic Growth Regulators for Stimulated Jati Unggul Nusantara (JUN) Shoots Cuttings." Agrikan: Jurnal Agribisnis Perikanan 13, no. 2 (December 3, 2020): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.29239/j.agrikan.13.2.274-284.

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Jati Unggul Nusantara (JUN) is a new teak seedling product that is a teak variety obtained from the selection of superior teak clones from all over Indonesia using DNA selection. Vegetative effort propagation performed of JUN with shoot cuttings. Concentration and soaking duration growth regulators are important aspects in vegetative plant propagation especially by shoot cutting. The research was conducted at Maulafa – Kota Kupang from Mei to August 2020, The experiment was arranged in Complete Randomize Design 2 factorial applications with 3 replication. Factors studied are growth regulator concentration of cow urine 50% (A1), cow urine 100% (A2), green bean extract 50% (A3), green bean extract 100% (A4), shallot extract 50% (A5) and shallot extract 100% (A6) while soaking duration consists of 4 factors, 2 hours (B1), 4 hours (B2), 6 hours (B3) and 8 hours (B4). The measured observation parameters are the percentage of life, the period of appearance of shoots, the number of leaves, shoot lenght,, shoot roots and the number of roots. The experiment result showed that variation of concentration organic growth regulator significant effect of JUN shoot cuttings. The treatment of Shallot extract 50% (A5) which affects the percentage of life parameters, the period of appearance of shoots, the number of leaves and shoot lenght. The treatment of shallot extract 100% (A6) which affects the observation parameters of root length and the number of roots. Interaction among the treatment combination of organic growth regulators A6B2 (ZPT 100%) shallot extract and 4 hours soaking duration significant effect on the number of roots.

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Patindol, James, Wallison Domingues, and Ya-Jane Wang. "Impact of Soaking Temperature and Duration on Fissure Incidence of Rough Rice Kernels." Cereal Chemistry Journal 94, no. 5 (September 2017): 798–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/cchem-03-17-0053-n.

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K, Gunasekaran, Pradeep Kumar G, Thanigaivelan R, Arunachalam R, and Shanmugam V. "Optimization of Turning Parameters of Cryogenic Soaked AZ91 Magnesium Alloy using TOPSIS coupled Taguchi Technique." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 24, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v24i1.a09.

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Magnesium alloys is a lightweight material establishing scope in various fields such as aerospace and automobile. Moreover, magnesium alloys are also considered as a hydrogen storage materials. In order to understand the machining behaviour of magnesium alloy a detail research is planned. In this research the turning experiments are conducted on AZ91 magnesium alloy using the L9 orthogonal array (OA) experimental design. Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) coupled with Taguchi and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) methods are used to analysis the experiments. The influence of cryogenic soaking duration, feed, speed and depth of cut on cutting temperature, surface roughness and cutting force were studied. Based on the TOPSIS analysis the optimal combination for the better response is cryogenic soaking time of 30 min, speed of 500 rpm, feed of 40 mm/min and depth of cut of 0.3mm. As per F value the depth of cut shows the 0.4822 and next best factors are cutting speed and feed rate. The chip analysis reveals that the cryogenic soaking duration level of 60 min is found to reduce the self-ignited chips.

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Sa'diyah, Khalimatus, Usman Ahmad, Sukrisno Widyotomo, and Yusianto Yusianto. "Pengaruh Lama Perendaman Buah dan Fermentasi terhadap Warna Kulit Tanduk dan Citarasa Kopi Robusta." Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jtidp.v6n1.2019.p33-40.

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Pulping and fermentation of coffee cherry determine the quality of green beans and coffee flavors. Delay in pulping will cause the slime stick to the hull skin hence decreasing the bean quality and flavor. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of soaking before pulping and fermentation time to the color of coffee hull skin and the cup quality. The research was carried out at the experimental station of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute in Malang Regency (ICCRI) and ICCRI laboratory in Jember Regency from July 2018 to January 2019. Experiments used factorial completely randomized design. The first factor was cherry soaking duration (0, 24, 48, and 72 hours) and the second factor was fermentation duration (0, 24, and 48 hours) and then combined into 12 treatments, with three replications. Ten kilograms of coffee cherries were soaked prior to pulping then fermented in a plastic bag and added with Lactobacillus casei 2,5 x 107 cfu/ml as starter. Parameters observed were color of hull skin (L value, a*, dan b*) and the cup quality. The results showed that soaking the cherry decreased the green beans quality which is indicated by less brightness (L), high a* value, and decreasing b* value of hull skin color. While the fermentation treatment can increase the value of L, decrease the a* value, and increase the b* value. The interaction of treatment of soaking and fermentation time significantly affected the lightnessl a* and b* value. Soaking and fermentation treatments did not significantly affect to the flavor, salt/acid, balance, and total score of coffee flavor. Soaking is not recommended for more than 48 hours and fermentation should be carried out 48 hours.

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Kusumaningrum, Hermin Pancasakti, Arina Tri Lunggani, and Muhammad Amal Nurhakim. "Chromosomes and Mitotic Cell Division Phase In Onion Roots After 24 Hours Acetoorcein Soaking Time." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 14, no. 2 (December 28, 2012): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.14.2.46-48.

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Onions (Allium cepa) are usually used in vitro to assess effect of chemical subtances by allowing developing roots to come into contact with substances to be tested. Acetic orcein staining of onion chromosomes has remained a standard method of preparation. However, aceto-orcein stain is corrosive and poisonous chemical substances since it containing oxidising agents such as organic peroxides, the toxic substances which are are cyanides, acid corrosives agents, and also radioactive substances. This research study mitotic activity in the roots of onion plants to determine the effects of soaking time of aceto orcein dye on actively dividing root cells. A series of several root tip from each bulb was harvested were soaked in 1, 3 and 24 hours on aceto-orcein stain and processed further for cytological studies by the aceto-orcein squash technique. The research was carried out to study the effect of to mitotic index and chromosomal aberration on onion root. It will determine the percentage of cells that are undergoing mitosis. The squash techniques were used to observe mitosis in the tip of onion root cells during actively mitotic division cells time. Mitotic divisions occur in several phases, consist of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and interphase. Experiment were repeated six times for every soaking time. The data was analyzed by using T-Test. The result showed that various duration of soaking time significantly influenced the reduction of mitotic index value. The lowest mitotic index on glyphosate concentration 100 ppm i.e. 10. 73% and 7.19% for the duration of soaking time 3 and 6 hours. The highest mitotic index on glyphosate concentration 0 ppm i.e. 37.71% and 32.76% for the duration of soaking time 3 and 6 hours. The result also showed that the chromosomal aberration were increased significantly. The lowest chromosomal aberration obtained i.e. 2.55% and 2.96% for the duration of aceto orcein soaking time 1, 3 and 24 hours. The highest chromosomal aberration obtained i.e. 21.71% and 36.26% for the duration of soaking time 1,3 and 24 hours. The type of chromosomal aberration were abnormal prophase, stickiness, bridge, abnormal anaphase, clumping chromosome, c- metaphase, change of nucleous shape and size. At 72h, their cytotoxic effects on the root tips showed strong growth retardation in high concentrations of all the wastewaters. Compared to the control, treatment with the wastewaters resulted in root growth inhibition with EC50 values of 35, 50 and 62% for bottling, rubber and brewery effluents respectively, and decrease in mitotic index with increasing concentration for all samples and these were statistically significant (p<0.05). Chromosomal aberrations induced in the onion root tip cells were mostly sticky chromosomes and bridges. Chromosomes with disturbed spindles and fragments were also present in appreciable amounts. Based on the EC50 values, the bottling wastewater was most toxic, followed by rubber effluent while effluents from the brewery were least toxic. The findings in this study indicate that there are toxic chemicals present in the wastewaters which are responsible for the observed genotoxic effects on the onion root tip cells. The study also reveals that the Allium test is a useful and reliable tool for the genotoxicity screening of industrial effluents which could be employed by environmental managers before these effluents are finally discharged into the environment. Key words: chromosomes, onion roots, acetoorcein

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Hu, Huan, Nan Chai, Haoxiang Zhu, Rui Li, Renwei Huang, Xia Wang, Daofeng Liu, Mingyang Li, Xingrong Song, and Shunzhao Sui. "Factors Affecting Vegetative Propagation of Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox) by Softwood Cuttings." HortScience 55, no. 11 (November 2020): 1853–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci15289-20.

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Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox) is one of the most popular winter-blooming species. Effective vegetative propagation is necessary for commercial usage and protection of wintersweet. In the current study, the four factors, namely hormone type (A), hormone concentration (B), soaking duration (C), and medium (D), were assessed using an L16 (44) orthogonal test design. The hormone types include ABT (A1), α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (A2), indole butyric acid (IBA) (A3), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (A4); the hormone concentrations include 100 mg·L−1 (B1), 500 mg·L−1 (B2), 1000 mg·L−1 (B3), and 1500 mg·L−1 (B4); the soaking durations include 5 seconds (C1), 5 minutes (C2), 30 minutes (C3), and 3 hours (C4); and the mediums include perlite: peat in the ratios 1:0 (D1), 2:1 (D2), 1:1 (D3), and 1:2 (D4). The results showed that hormone and proper medium could significantly improve the cutting survival, rooting, and sprouting, whereas poor factor combinations, especially high hormone concentrations combined with long soaking durations may be threatened to the cuttings and rooting. In actual experiments, we successfully obtained an excellent rooting percentage (62.22%) of wintersweet from treatment No. 5 (A2B1C2D3), which is perlite and peat (1:1) as the medium and soaking the cuttings in 100 mg·L−1 NAA for 5 minutes as the hormone treatment. This combination can already meet the requirements for commercial production. A range analysis showed that the medium and hormone concentration were the most important factors affecting the cutting of wintersweet. An analysis of variance also showed that the medium and hormone concentration can significantly or extremely significantly affect most cutting indicators. Moreover, our results revealed that an orthogonal design method is an effective tool for establishing an improved technique for cutting propagation.

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Rahman, Md Sadiqur, Istiak Ahmed, Suman Biswas, Monjur Morshed, Parimal Chandra Sarker, Md Arafat Hossain, Maria Islam, and Taslima Jahan. "Effect of Milk and Hydro-priming on Seed Germination Characteristics of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, no. 2 (February 22, 2021): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i2.296-300.3856.

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To meet the demand for an appropriate soaking duration and priming type, there is a need to embrace cheap, fast, natural, accessible, and adaptable physiological techniques as soaking of seeds in water and fresh cow milk. Fresh cow milk contains hormones that relieve seeds from photo, thermo, physiological and mechanical dormancy. In light of this, this study was conducted to assess the effect of hydration and fresh cow milk on different seed quality attributes like germination percentage, mean germination time, the uncertainty of germination process, and synchrony of germination process of bitter gourd seeds. The study involved two factors namely hydropriming and different concentrations of fresh cow milk (viz. 60%, 80% and 100%), and the other factor was seed soaking duration with 4 levels (i. e., 0, 12, 18 and 24 hours). The experiment was conducted in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replicates. Results revealed that the percentage germination value of seeds soaked in all concentrations of fresh cow milk was better than hydropriming. A significant germination percentage value of 96% and 93% were recorded for seeds treated for 18 hours in 80% and 100% concentrations of fresh cow milk respectively. Maximum uncertainty of the germination process and minimum synchrony of germination the process was recorded in untreated seed.

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S., Sabongari, and B. L. Aliero. "Effects of soaking duration on germination and seedling growth of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill)." African Journal of Biotechnology 3, no. 1 (January 31, 2004): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajb2004.000-2008.

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Kareem, Isiaka, Mohd Razi Ismail, Adam Puteh, Mahamoud Abdillahi Rabileh, Saliu Adeyemi Kareem, and Alasinrin Sikiru Yusuf. "Influence of Soaking Duration and Priming Agents on Rice Performance Under Different Irrigation Regimes." NIPES Journal of Science and Technology Research 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37933/nipes/2.2.2020.5.

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Hasbullah, Rokhani, and Pramita Riskia D.P.,. "The Effects of Soaking Duration on Parboiled Rice Quality of Paddy cv IR 64." Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian 27, no. 1 (April 1, 2013): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.19028/jtep.27.1.53-60.

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Alizadeh, M., A. Maghsoudipour, F. Moztarzadeh, K. Ahmadi, and M. Saremi. "Sintering behavior of Y2O3 doped Bi2O3 ceramics." Science of Sintering 39, no. 3 (2007): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos0703215a.

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Influence of sintering temperature and soaking time on densification of Bi2O3 samples doped with 25%mol Y2O3 was investigated by shrinkage and relative density measurements. Samples were sintered in air at different temperatures in the range of 800 to 1000?C for 24 hr. The results showed that samples sintered at 950?C have the maximum relative density. Several samples were sintered at 950?C for duration of 0 to 36 hr in order to evaluate the effect of soaking time on densification of samples. It was found that the samples were sintered at 950?C for 36hr had higher relative density than others did for smaller time duration X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses detected ? -Bi2O3 as the sole stable phase in all samples. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) investigation of fractured surface of the samples showed that porosities decrease by increasing of sintering temperature and grow by further increasing of temperature.

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SURI, SHEENAM, VIKAS KUMAR, BEENU TANWAR, ANKIT GOYAL, and YOGESH GAT. "Impact of Soaking and Germination Time on Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Nigella Sativa." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 7, no. 1 (March 8, 2019): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.7.1.14.

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Indian traditional dishes make use of Nigella sativa seeds because of its distinctive aroma and taste but its application is restricted due to its pungent flavour which can be overcome by various methods of processing such as roasting, soaking, germination etc. Soaking and germination has a positive impact on the nutritional, sensorial and phytochemical attributes of Nigella sativa. The current study was carried out to standardize the optimum soaking and germination conditions with improved nutritional, sensorial and phytochemical attributes of seeds. Nigella sativa seeds were soaked for different time duration (0 hr, 6 hr, 12 hr and 18 hr) followed bygermination for0, 7, 9 and 11 days. The soaked and germinated samples were exposed to a temperature of 50ºC for drying till the constant moisture was obtained and analysed for various physiochemical, nutritional and sensory attributes. All the attributes under study were significantly affected by soaking and germination as compared to the control. Comparatively, except the moisture content all the phytochemicals and nutritional attributes decreased significantly from the control sample. Based on the qualitative attributes, soaking done for 18 hours along with 9th day of germination was observed to be the best and can be considered as the optimum condition to maintain the phytochemical to the safe level as well as reducing the antinutritional factors which can further be used for value addition.

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Bouteiller, Xavier P., Annabel J. Porté, Stéphanie Mariette, and Arnaud Monty. "Using automated sanding to homogeneously break seed dormancy in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L., Fabaceae)." Seed Science Research 27, no. 3 (June 5, 2017): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258517000150.

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AbstractPhysical dormancy of Robinia pseudoacacia seeds makes it a challenge for scientists and forest managers to obtain a homogeneous germination for larger seed samples. Water imbibition of the seeds can be achieved through manual piercing of the seed coat, but this method remains time consuming and heterogeneous. We tested several ecologically friendly methods to break seed dormancy, including manual pin puncture, water soaking, oven dry-heating (two temperatures) and sanding. Sanding was performed using an automatic grinder to control shaking duration (three durations) and get a homogeneous scraping of the coat. All methods, except dry-heating, resulted in successful dormancy breaking; water soaking was the least efficient method, attaining 57% germination. Sanding proved to be as efficient as puncturing (97%) but long duration sanding (10 or 15 min) could damage cotyledons, which would impede further development of the plant. Short-time sanding (5 min) proved to be the best method to reach high total germination and healthy (undamaged cotyledon) seedlings, and was successfully applied to 500 seeds. The reference puncture method and the automatic sanding were also tested on seeds of nine Fabaceae species and proved to be efficient for some species. Automated sanding can thus be used as a standard to break physical dormancy of black locust or other Fabaceae seeds to allow further comparative studies of plant populations or genotypes.

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Bourgoin, A., and J. D. Simpson. "Soaking, moist-chilling, and temperature effects on germination of Acer pensylvanicum seeds." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 2181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-092.

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The effect on germination of soaking duration, moist-chilling time, and temperature was evaluated using five seed lots of Acer pensylvanicum L. Seeds were soaked for 0, 48, 72, or 96 h, then moist chilled at 4 °C for 16, 24, or 32 weeks. Two temperature regimes were used for germination: (i) 16 h dark at 5 °C : 8 h light at 15 °C (5:15 °C) and (ii) 16 h dark at 20 °C : 8 h light at 30 °C (20:30 °C). Soaking and chilling seeds significantly increased germination. Germination was highest at 5:15 °C, but the germination speed was slow. Germination at 20:30 °C was lower, but 94%98% of ungerminated seeds appeared to be viable, suggesting that they were dormant. Overall results showed that soaking seeds for 48 h, moist chilling for 16 weeks, and germinating at 5:15 °C produced an average germination of 92%.

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Ernawati, Tri, Linda Ch M. Karisoh, Rahmawaty Hadju, and Surtijono E. Siswosubroto. "PENGARUH KONSENTRASI LARUTAN DAUN JAMBU BIJI (Psidium guajava) DAN LAMA PERENDAMAN TERHADAP KUALITAS TELUR AYAM RAS." ZOOTEC 39, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.39.2.2019.24844.

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THE EFFECT OF GUAVA LEAF SOLUTION CONCENTRATION AND SOAKING DURATION ON THE QUALITY OF CHICKEN EGGS. This study aims to determine the effect of guava leaf solution concentration and soaking time on the quality of chicken eggs. This research was conducted from November to December 2018, at the Laboratory of Animal Product Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado. The method used is Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a factorial pattern consisting of 2 factors. Factor A was the concentration of solution of guava leaves and factor B is the length of immersion with 4 replications. The treatments used are: Factor A concentration of solution of guava leaves A1 = 3%, A2 = 6%, A3 = 9%, A4 = 12%. Factor B was duration of immersion B1 = 6 hours, B2 = 12 hours, B3 = 18 hours, B4 = 24 hours. The variables analyzed were a decrease in egg weight, egg white index and egg yolk index. Data obtained were analyzed by variety. If there are significant differences between treatments, it will be continued with Duncan Test. The results of the variance analysis showed that the interaction had a significant effect (P <0.05) on the decrease in egg weight and did not significantly influence (P> 0.05) on the egg white index and egg yolk index. Duncan's Test results for decreasing egg weight showed the concentration of guava leaf solution 3% and soaking time 6 hours gave good results for the quality of chicken eggs. It was concluded that the concentration of 3% and the soaking time of 6 hours gives good results on decreasing egg weight. As for the egg white index and egg yolk index showed good results with concentration of 12% and 24-hour immersion time. Keywords: Guava leaf, Egg weight, Egg white index, Egg yolk index.

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Fabunmi, Thomas Oladeji, Sunday Ojo Adigbo, Joy Nwakaego Odedina, and Yanmife Iyanu Akinsanya. "Effects of tuber size, soaking hours and sprouting media on sprouting of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L. var. sativa) tubers." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 107, no. 2 (October 26, 2016): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2016.107.2.08.

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Tiger nut, Cyperus esculentus L., is one of the underutilized and neglected food crops in most parts of the world leading to limited information on its production technology. A trial arranged in a 3×4×2 factorial of a completely randomized design was conducted in a green house of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria, to evaluate the effects of tuber size (large, medium and small), soaking duration (0, 24, 48 and 72 hours) and sprouting media (cotton wool and polythene bag) on the sprouting of tiger nut. Significant interactions were observed between growth media and soaking hours as well as between tuber sizes and soaking hours on the sprouting of tiger nut. Soaking beyond 24 hours before placement in sprouting medium led to a significant reduction in number of sprouted tubers in polythene bags. Small sized tubers had reduced (p<0.05) number of sprouts when soaked beyond 24 hours. Sprouting of tiger nut was better using medium size tubers soaked for 24 hours and placed between layers of cotton wool.

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Komalasari, Oom, and Ramlah Arief. "Effect of soaking duration in hydropriming on seed vigor of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. moench)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 484 (June 20, 2020): 012121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/484/1/012121.

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Herrington, Mark E., Craig Hardner, Malcolm Wegener, Louella L. Woolcock, and Mark J. Dieters. "Rain Damage to Strawberries Grown in Southeast Queensland: Evaluation and Genetic Control." HortScience 46, no. 6 (June 2011): 832–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.6.832.

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In Queensland, Australia, strawberries (Fragaria ×ananassa Duchesne) are grown in open fields and rainfall events can damage fruit. Cultivars that are resistant to rain damage may reduce losses and lower risk for the growers. However, little is known about the genetic control of resistance and in a subtropical climate, unpredictable rainfall events hamper evaluation. Rain damage was evaluated on seedling and clonal trials of one breeding population comprising 645 seedling genotypes and 94 clones and on a second clonal population comprising 46 clones from an earlier crossing to make preliminary estimates of heritability. The incidence of field damage from rainfall and damage after laboratory soaking was evaluated to determine if this soaking method could be used to evaluate resistance to rain damage. Narrow-sense heritability of resistance to rain damage calculated for seedlings was low (0.21 ± 0.15) and not significantly different from zero; however, broad-sense heritability estimates were moderate in both seedlings (0.49 ± 0.16) and clones (0.45 ± 0.08) from the first population and similar in clones (0.56 ± 0.21) from the second population. Immersion of fruit in deionized water produced symptoms consistent with rain damage in the field. Lengthening the duration of soaking of ‘Festival’ fruit in deionized water exponentially increased the proportion of damage to fruit ranging in ripeness from immature to ripe during the first 6-h period of soaking. When eight genotypes were evaluated, the proportion of sound fruit after soaking in deionized water in the laboratory for up to 5 h was linearly related (r2 = 0.90) to the proportion of sound fruit in the field after 89 mm of rain. The proportion of sound fruit of the breeding genotype ‘2008-208’ and ‘Festival’ under soaking (0.67, 0.60) and field (0.52, 0.43) evaluations, respectively, is about the same and these genotypes may be useful sources of resistance to rain damage.

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Sharifpur, Mohsen, and Sholeh Rostamirad. "Experimental Investigation of Conditions of Water Diffusion before Cooking within Production Line of Red Beans." Defect and Diffusion Forum 283-286 (March 2009): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.283-286.220.

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A lot of food industries are producing legumes such as bean and chickpea. Soaking which is diffusion of water in them is usually one of the processes in the production line before cooking. In this study, it is experimentally investigated the water diffusion on red beans as a function of time and temperature, and then the influence of this diffusion on the cooking time and the final volume of cooked legumes in different temperatures. Thus, the energy management and final volume of the production could be optimized with respect to the cooking time, cooking temperature and the duration of water diffusion and temperature condition of soaking before the cooking process. Also in the present study, volumetric water diffusion is defined for legumes, that is a function of the diffused water, the initial volume (before soaking) and final volume of the productions (after cooking). The results confirm that the final volume of the product and the cooking time are a function of the conditions of the water diffusion before cooking.

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Nwauzoma, A. B., and K. Moses. "Factors Affecting Seedling Emergence and Dry Matter Characteristics in Musa balbisiana Colla." ISRN Botany 2013 (August 13, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/582581.

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The effects of storage duration (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days), sterilization with sodium hypochlorite (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%), and weaning media on seedling characteristics and dry matter content in Musa balbisiana seedlings were studied. The experiment was factorial in a completely randomized design with five replicates. The result indicates that increase in NaOCl concentration and number of days in storage significantly (P=0.5) increased the period of seedling emergence. Also, soaking in NaOCl for 20 min had significant effect on average seedling emergence at 15 and 20% concentrations, compared to 10 min soaking at the same concentrations. The combined effects of storage duration and sterilization resulted in a decrease in the duration of seedling emergence. Seeds previously sterilized with either water or NaOCl had no significant effect on seedling growth, leaf and corm dry weight, but affected almost all the dry matter traits. A mixture of poultry manure, top soil, and river sand as weaning media gave better seedling growth and increased dry matter characteristics. We conclude that M. balbisiana seeds require after-ripening treatment to enhance germination, sterilizing seeds with 5% NaOCl for 10 min and air-drying under ambient condition for 2–6 days were found most appropriate, and a mixture of poultry manure, top soil, and river sand is recommended as weaning medium for growth and dry matter composition in M. balbisiana seeds.

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Shafigullin, Lenar N., A. R. Ibragimov, and A. I. Saifutdinov. "Investigation into the Effects of High Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Thermal Spray Coatings Applied by Plasma Spraying." Solid State Phenomena 284 (October 2018): 1151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.1151.

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C. C. Berndt advanced investigations of mechanical properties of thermal spray coatings under 4-point bending. He found that this investigation method is sensitive to the mechanical properties of thermal spray coatings.This paper contains the detailed investigation results for thermal spray coatings of zirconium dioxide under 4-point bending, i.e. tests of the specimens subjected to spraying at varying conditions and pre-test soaking with the various duration at 1100 °С.It was established how the mechanical properties of thermal spray coatings changed depending on the spraying mode and high temperature soaking. The test results show that the double heat treatment of coatings is more preferable than one-time heat treatment as it make the properties change linearly. It is more easily controllable during operation of the components with thermal spray coating.

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Zhang, Hong, Qian Qian Wang, Heng Xue Xiang, and Xiao Lei Wang. "Study on Polyethylene Glycol Acrylate Crosslinked Gels as Phase Change Materials." Advanced Materials Research 299-300 (July 2011): 649–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.299-300.649.

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The cross-linking degree of polyethylene glycol acrylate (PEGA) gel by free-radical solution polymerization was investigated in which PEGA was prepared by chemical modification. The structural morphology, crystal property, thermal property and thermostability were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM), polarization microscope (POM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG), respectively. The results showed that the chain segment of PEG had good activity in lightly cross-linked PEGA gel, the crystallization enthalpy of PEGA gel achieved to 122 J/g, and the duration of its soaking time was about 490 s. Furthermore, chain segment of PEG were bound in PEGA gel, but the crystallization enthalpy of PEGA gel achieved to 64.60 J/g, its soaking time was continued for about 430 s. PEGA gel had a better thermal stability below 300 °C.

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Sulistyaningsih, L. N., A. Kurnianingsih, and Y. Yulianti. "THE EFFECT OF GIBBERELLIC ACID SOAKING DURATION ON RHIZOME GROWTH OF EDIBLE CANNA (CANNA EDULIS KER.)." Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences 66, no. 6 (June 30, 2017): 342–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2017-06.41.

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Jones, Casey, Daniel Goad, and W. Micah Hale. "Examining soaking duration of coarse clay and shale lightweight aggregates for internal curing in conventional concrete." Construction and Building Materials 249 (July 2020): 118754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118754.

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Itayagoshi, Shigeto, Masakazu Iwatsu, Seiichi Mizusawa, Rozan Fukushima, Hiroshi Shibukawa, and Toshiaki Mitsui. "Effects of Temperature and Duration of Soaking Dormant Rice Seed on Germination and α-Amylase Expression." Japanese Journal of Crop Science 90, no. 3 (July 5, 2021): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1626/jcs.90.269.

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Lumbantoruan, Yohana Putri, Bambang Admadi Harsojuwono, and Sri Mulyani. "JALUR DISTRIBUSI DAN UPAYA PERBAIKAN PASCAPANEN BUNGA POTONG KRISAN (Dendrathema grandiflora) DARI PETANI DESA PANCASARI BULELENG SAMPAI PENGECER." JURNAL REKAYASA DAN MANAJEMEN AGROINDUSTRI 6, no. 4 (December 10, 2018): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jrma.2018.v06.i04.p03.

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The purpose of this study was 1) to determine the number of chrysanthemum distribution lines and distribution types from farmers in Pancasari to retailers, 2) to find out the system, people, and the impact of chrysanthemum postharvest handling in distribution from farmers in Pancasari to retailers, 3) to determine the impact of improvements postharvest on chrysanthemum damage from farmers in Pancasari to retailers with soaking treatment using sodium metabisulfite solution. The method used is the snowball sampling method in the form of surveys and interviews with the Commodity System Assessment Method (CSAM) application using a questionnaire. Treatment of postharvest repair by soaking the flower stalk in sodium metabisulfite solution. There are two lines in the distribution, lane I (Farmers ? Wholesalers ? Retailer ? Consumer) and lane II (Farmers ? Retailer ? Consumer). Postharvest handling includes harvesting, sorting, binding, wrapping, soaking, storing, packaging, distributing, and displaying. Impact of handling postharvest loss in the sorting stage at the farm level 2% (insignificant), wholesaler level 3% (insignificant), and retailer level 8% (significant) Post-harvest improvement can prolong the duration of freshness of flowers.Using water, chrysanthemum cut flowers can last 2.38 days, using sodium metabisulfite can last 6.25 days. Keywords : Chrysanthemum, sodium metabisulfite, CSAM, postharvest improvements.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Soaking duration'

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