Relevant bibliographies by topics / Soap trade

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Soap trade'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Soap trade"

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Verrall, Maggie. "Soap giants trade blows over tests." Nature 369, no. 6481 (June 1994): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/369511b0.

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Oladejo, Mutiat Titilope. "The City-Village Interface in Ibadan (Nigeria)." JWEE, no. 1-2 (July 2, 2021): 147–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.28934/jwee21.12.pp147-163.

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In general accounts of black soap production, it is traced to West Africa. And prominent across, Ghana, Benin Republic, Cote de Ivoire and Nigeria. However, this paper examines the nature of entrepreneurship associated with black soap production and trade in Ibadan of the twentieth century. The work analyses how women dominated the industry and its interface between the village and Ibadan city markets. The work locates the characteristics of innovation and market development imaged by women to earn livelihoods in black soap trade in Ibadan city and village. The paper uses the Asuwada sociation theory to explain the entrepreneurial resilience of women in Olode village. The work uses the historical approach to examine the city-village interface. Oral interviews were conducted with women involved in production and trade since the early twentieth century.
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Nader, Nader, Rafael Alexandrou, Iasonas Iasonas, Andreas Pamboris, Harris Papadopoulos, and Andreas Konstantinidis. "Smart Out-of-Home Advertising Using Artificial Intelligence and GIS Data." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 11 (June 28, 2022): 13206–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i11.21729.

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This demonstration paper introduces the Smart Out-of-Home Advertising Platform (SOAP), which leverages Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data and state-of-the-art Artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches to provide: (i) a documented, data-informed pricing model for billboards, which can be used to justify billboard prices to advertisers; and (ii) a set of non-dominated solutions (each corresponding to a different allocation of billboards to a given campaign) that explores the trade-offs between multiple conflicting objectives (e.g., cost and coverage). To the best of our knowledge, SOAP is the first to tackle such challenges in the context of Multi Objective Optimization (MOO).
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Khvalkov, Evgeny. "The Commercial Significance of the Venetian Tana in the 1430s." Eminak, no. 4(28) (December 31, 2019): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33782/eminak2019.4(28).351.

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In the XIII – XV centuries medieval Europe has made progress in trade and transition to market economy, which resulted in the foundation of a number of Venetian and Genoese overseas colonies in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea area. The stability of Pax Mongolica had a positive effect on long-distance trade with the Central and Eastern Asia and India. In the XV century the goods from the Eastern Europe prevailed over those from the Central and Eastern Asia, especially the slaves. In exchange the Venetians and the Genoese imported cotton, woolen, and silk fabrics, raw cotton, rice, soap, glass, ceramics, jewelry and swords. The stabilization in the region and the rise of trade was a trend running through the first half of the fifteenth century. The 1430s were the time of the greatest prosperity of the Venetian trade in the Northern Black Sea during the whole fifteenth century.
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Nwogu, Mary Imelda Obianuju. "Registrable and Non-Registrable Trademarks under the Nigerian Law." European Journal of Law and Political Science 1, no. 5 (November 16, 2022): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejpolitics.2022.1.5.38.

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A trademark is a mark used in relation to goods for trade in Nigeria. It could be a device, brand, heading, label, name, signature, word, letter, or a combination thereof (Trade Marks Act, Cap. T13 s. 67(1), Laws of the Federation of Nigeria (LFN), 2004). For a mark to be beneficial to the owner under the Law and have proprietary interest, it must be registered. It could be registered in part A or Part B of the trademarks register (Trade Marks Act, Ss. 9(1) and 10(1)). Not all marks can be registered under the Law, hence there are registrable and non-registrable marks under the Trade Marks Act. The owner of a Registered trademark has the exclusive right to the use of that trademark in respect of the goods in which it is registered (Procter and Gamble Co. v. Global Soap and Co. Ltd.& Anor, (2013)). It is my recommendation that all marks used in trade should be registered so that the owner will reap from the fruit of his labor by having a monopoly right and action in infringement.
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Chasanah, Uswatun, Aulia Nursyifa, Juhaeri Juhaeri, and Imam Sofi’I. "Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Tengah Pandemi COVID-19 melalui Pembuatan Sabun Cuci dari Minyak Jelatah sebagai Upaya Mengurangi Pencemaran Lingkungan." JPKMI (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Indonesia) 2, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36596/jpkmi.v2i1.111.

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Abstrak: Ditengah Pandemi COVID-19 membuat masyarakat melakukan berbagai aktivitas di dalam rumah, sehingga menimbulkan kejenuhan terutama ibu rumah tangga. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan berbagai aktivitas yang dapat dilakukan di rumah, salah satunya dengan memberdayakan ibu rumah tangga dalam pembuatan sabun cuci dari minyak jelatah. Tujuan dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah untuk memberdayakan masyarakat dalam upaya mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan oleh limbah minyak jelantah. Metode pengabdian kepada masyarakat adalah memberikan penyuluhan kepada masyarakat melalui aplikasi zoom di komunitas masyarakat Puri Mawar Tangerang Banten. Hasil dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini ialah seluruh peserta memahami materi tentang pembuatan sabun cuci dari minyak jelatah, adanya peningkatan keterampilan masyarakat dengan cara mempraktekan pembuatan sabun cuci dari minyak jelatah, selain itu peserta sangat antusias untuk berdiskusi tentang berbagai upaya inovatif yang dapat dilakukan ibu rumah tangga dalam mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan. Pemberdayaan masyarakat ini sangat bermanfaat bukan hanya mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan dari limbah rumah tangga, tetapi dapat meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat karena sabun cuci yang dihasilkan dapat diperjual belikan.Abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic, people do various house activities, resulting in saturation, especially housewives. Therefore, various activities can be done at home, one of which is empowering housewives to manufacture laundry soap from barley oil. This community service aims to empower the community to reduce environmental pollution by jelantah oil waste. The community service method is to provide counseling to the community through zoom application in the puri mawar community Tangerang Banten. The result of this community service is that all participants understand the material about laundry soap from barley oil. There is an improvement in people's skills by practicing laundry soap from barley oil. Also, participants are very enthusiastic about discussing various innovative efforts that housewives can make in reducing environmental pollution. This community empowerment helps reduce environmental pollution from household waste and increase people's income because it can trade the resulting laundry soap.
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Heersink, Christiaan G. "Selayar and the Green Gold: The Development of the Coconut Trade on an Indonesian Island (1820–1950)." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 25, no. 1 (March 1994): 47–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400006676.

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In the colonial period many Europeans considered coconuts a lazy man's crop. For the Indonesian population, however, they were a profitable form of cultivation, especially from the 1880s when the European oil and fats industry increasingly started to use copra, the dried kernel of the coconut, as a raw material for the production of soap and later also for margarine. Around one-third of world copra exports originated in the Netherlands Indies (Table 1), and copra was especially important for the economy of East Indonesia, where in 1939 it constituted 80 per cent of the total volume and 60 per cent of the total value of exports. In some parts of Indonesia copra even received the nickname of “green gold”. European involvement in coconut cultivation and the coconut trade nonetheless was limited. In the first half of this century, coconut growing was dominated by the indigenous population, which accounted for 94 per cent of Indonesian production, while Chinese merchants dominated the intermediate trade in copra.
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POPOVA, Anastasia Alekseevna, and Tatiana Nikolaevna POPOVA. "THE STATE OF DYNAMICS OF EXPORTS AND IMPORTS OF SOAP AND DETERGENTS IN THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE OF RUSSIA." Актуальные исследования, no. 3-2 (2023): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51635/27131513_2023_3_2_29.

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Lumban Tobing, Herdianta, and Bayu Pratomo. "ANALYSIS OF OIL PALM PRODUCTION DATA IN PEATLAND OF PT SINAR GUNUNG SAWIT RAYA MANDUAMAS DISTRICT CENTRAL TAPANULI REGENCY." Jurnal Rimba Lestari 2, no. 1 (November 14, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/rimbalestari.v2i1.124.

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Oil palm is one of the essential vegetable oil-producing plants. Moreover, palm oil is a good trade commodity, and in the future, it is believed that palm oil will not only be able to produce various products such as butter, cooking oil, or soap but also can be a substitute for fuel oil. This study aims to compare crop production in coastal and non-coastal peatlands. This study uses secondary data, including production, rainfall, and fertilization data from the last five years. The results show that Block F2 (on the beach) has the highest production, with a value of 2,442,572 kg/ha. In comparison, Block B2 (non-coastal) has a lesser amount, with a value of 1,818,710 kg/ha.
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André-Nestor, Yedagne De. "Fabrication Du Savon Kabakrou Et Ses Conséquences Sur Les Acteurs Principaux De Gbintou Dans La Commune De Bouaké (Côte d’Ivoire)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 32 (November 30, 2016): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n32p441.

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For the inhabitants of Gbintou (a district of the town of Bouaké), manufacture traditional soap, kabakrou, is the main economic activity of survival. In fact, this activity is a source of wealth, but a risky source of wealth. Indeed, the actors face many difficulties in the manufacturing process (raw material supply, health difficulties) the point of wanting to simply abandon the trade. The implementation of the socio-anthropological functionalist method and the study of this activity helped to understand that apart from raw material acquisition difficulties and illnesses it generates (contact urticaria, infections broncho lung), the company suffers from a lack of garish consequent functional organization and sanitary hygiene. Thus, it is desirable to set up an association or cooperative well equipped to train and organize stakeholders and better manage the entire manufacturing process.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Soap trade"

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Castillo-Sifuentes, Ricardo-Arturo, and Hilda-Natalí Torres-Narváez. "Estudio de prefactibilidad para la instalación de una planta productora de jabón líquido a base de jaboncillo de campo (Cucumis dipsaceus)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad de Lima, 2016. http://repositorio.ulima.edu.pe/handle/ulima/3217.

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El trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar la viabilidad de implementar una planta de producción de jabón líquido a base de jaboncillo de campo para el mercado de la ciudad de Trujillo. Se empezará por tener bien claro los objetivos e hipótesis que se plantearon en el momento de la elección del tema de investigación seguido de la descripción y usos del producto que es el jabón líquido a base de jaboncillo de campo, estableciéndose además el nombre “Ecocamp”. Posteriormente se discutirá los aspectos relacionados al estudio de mercado y mediante el uso de encuestas se determinó la demanda del proyecto.
The research aims to assess the feasibility to execute a liquid soap factory based on jaboncillo de campo for Trujillo´s market. Firstable, objectives and hypotheses will be described, those were proposed at the time of the election of the research topic followed by the description and uses of the product which is the liquid soap based on jaboncillo de campo. Subsequently the aspects related to market research will be discussed and by using surveys the project demand was determined.
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Christensen, Louise Lund. "Oxidative stress and life-history trade-offs in a wild mammal." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231438.

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Recently, oxidative stress has been highlighted as a potential mediator underlying life-history trade-offs in animals. However, despite growing interest in the role of oxidative stress as a mechanistic explanation of trade-offs, the importance of oxidative stress in wild populations remain poorly understood. In this thesis, I use four commonly applied markers of oxidative stress. I apply two markers of oxidative damage, protein carbonyls and malondialdehyde, and two markers of antioxidant protection, superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity. These were applied to samples collected in 2010-2013 and 2015 from the wild population of Soay sheep (Ovis aries), St Kilda, Scotland. I investigate correlations among different markers of oxidative stress, and their within individual repeatability over time. In addition, I examine the role played by oxidative stress in mediating life-history traits at different life-stages; specifically, I test for associations between oxidative stress, growth and survival in Soay sheep lambs. I also investigate the oxidative costs of reproduction in adult Soay sheep females and I test whether any such costs vary with age. My findings reveal, firstly, that plasma markers of oxidative stress vary dramatically among years, and that the different markers of oxidative damage and antioxidant protection applied throughout this thesis, are uncorrelated with each other (Chapter 2). This indicates that oxidative stress is a multifaceted process, where each oxidative stress marker may reflect different and potentially uncoupled biochemical processes (Chapter 2). Second, faster lamb growth shows a weak, positive association with malondialdehyde. However, growth is not associated with variation in the other three markers (Chapter 3). In addition, lamb survival also shows marker dependent associations; lambs with higher superoxide dismutase activity are more likely to survive their first winter, as are male but not female lambs with lower protein carbonyl content. Survival does not vary with malondialdehyde or antioxidant capacity. Thus, different markers of oxidative stress capture different aspects of the complex relationships between individual oxidative state, physiology and fitness (Chapter 3). Third, protein carbonyl content and superoxide dismutase activity measured at birth and at four month old in the lambs, show no within individual repeatability, although there is a significant difference in mean marker values over time (Chapter 4). This indicates that these markers of oxidative stress might reflect transient, rather than general, physiological states. Finally, I find some evidence for an oxidative cost of reproduction and for age-related variation in oxidative stress (Chapter 5). However, once again, effect are highly marker and year dependent, and I find no consistent patterns of variation across the two oxidative damage markers or across the two antioxidant protection markers, as they all show different responses to both breeding and age (Chapter 5). Together, my results provide some support for the association between oxidative stress and life-histories, but the effects are both marker and year dependent. Furthermore, the lack of correlation among different markers and the lack of within individual repeatability of oxidative stress markers highlight the need for careful selection and interpretation of plasma oxidative stress markers in the wild.
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Weerasekera, Roshan. "System Interconnection Design Trade-offs in Three-Dimensional (3-D) Integrated Circuits." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Informations- och kommunikationsteknik, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9586.

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Watson, Rebecca Louise. "The causes and consequences of immune variation in a wild mammal." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25489.

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The immune system provides protection against parasites and is crucial for survival, but mounting, maintaining and controlling an immune response is expensive. Under limited resources these costs can lead to investment trade-offs between life history traits in order to maximize an individual's fitness. Understanding how these trade-offs relate to immunity can be important in understanding individual variation in fitness and the broader ecological implications that this may have in a population. In the wild there is evidence of trade-offs between life history traits and immunity, but there are relatively few studies which have measured specific aspects of the immune system under natural parasitic exposure. Using reagents developed in domestic sheep, I measured an unusually broad range of immune markers in a wild population of Soay sheep on the island of Hirta, St Kilda, Scotland. These include: T cell subsets (CD4+, CD8+, CD4+ & CD8+ naïve, gamma delta and Foxp3), anti-T.circumcincta (T. circ) antibody isotopes, (IgA, IgE, IgG), leukocyte subtypes (neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio & eosinophils), and leukocyte telomere length (LTL). I found that, in a year under high selection pressure for survival, anti-T. circ IgG positively predicted survival across all ages and for both sexes. Additionally, females had higher proportions of naïve T cells than males; a previously unreported sex difference in a wild mammal. In chapter 2, analysis of lambs in early life found higher growth rates associated with low antibody measures, while lower growth rates related to low antibody measures and high levels of inflammatory marker. I also found that male lambs with high anti-T. circ IgE and IgG were less likely to survive over-winter, contrary to the findings across all ages in chapter 1. In chapter 3, I detected an increase in LTL attrition with age in males >3 years, but this was not significant in females or in younger animals. In male lambs, high investment in horn growth was related to reduced LTL. Changes in LTL were independent of variation in leukocyte cell populations. The data in this thesis demonstrate the complexity of immune variation in the wild, and highlight the value of multiple ecologically relevant markers to understanding the evolutionary implications of resource trade-offs.
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Apostolico, Cimara. "Telenovela: o olhar capturado - construcao da triade telespectador, corpo e imagem." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/4841.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:15:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 COS - Cimara Apostolico.pdf: 2592450 bytes, checksum: 05ca79967f3a86b6bfb61627e279c7c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-25
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This research analyses the soap opera in its aspects related to the image presentation as hegemonic item in the audience s ability to perceive things. It is chosen to understand soap opera not in its aspects of daily narratives, but as imagery narratives created by bodies that represent themselves as mediators in the process of communication, functioning as main starting-point in the image production. In this way, the concept of body and body language is used. With it this process starts, expressing the relation of cumulativity and complementarity to media, reinforcing the soap opera appealing. It is perceived that the body is seen on the soap opera as commodities and exploiting fact. This paper/thesis selects the male image because of the visible set of public opinion in the last years. The questions of body image through history are investigated in order to understand in a broad sense its changes in relation to cultural process and trying to highlight the evidences that lead to see it as emerging bodies. The images are narrated/described from the understanding of their origin to questions that point out their symbolic aspects, which belong to the sensibility that creates links among bodies. Using Harry Pross, Martin Barbero, Esther Hamburger, Denise Bernuzzi de Sant Anna, Régis Debray as theoretical support, it can be seen that along with the soap opera several media are used as a support of it. In this sense, magazines that write about cinematographic and TV celebrities are analyzed. Being aware that there is no TV without bodies before and off cameras, for example, biological bodies and body-image, we understand that is in the relation among audience, body and image that the soap opera keeps on
A presente pesquisa analisa a telenovela em seus aspectos voltados para a apresentação da imagem como item hegemônico na captação do olhar do telespectador. Opta-se pela compreensão da telenovela não no aspecto das narrativas cotidianas, mas sim tendo como base as narrativas imagéticas geradas por meio de corpos que se configuram como mediadores no processo de comunicação, atuando como ponto de partida central na produção das imagens. Nesse sentido, é utilizado o conceito de corpo e suas linguagens. Nele iniciase esse processo, a partir do qual se expressam as relações de cumulatividade e complementaridade entre as mídias, reforçando os atrativos da telenovela. Percebese o corpo exibido na telenovela como produto mercadológico e fator de exploração. O presente trabalho faz um recorte com ênfase no masculino, pela tendência evidenciada nos últimos anos. As questões de construção de corpos ao longo da história são investigadas, compreendendo-se de maneira abrangente as etapas de suas mudanças decorrentes do processo da cultura e buscando evidências, que conduzem a percebê-los como corpos emergentes . As imagens são narradas, partindo do entendimento de sua gênese até questões que as conduzam em seus aspectos simbólicos, os quais fazem parte da sensibilidade que gera as raízes dos vínculos entre os corpos. Em diálogo e com apoio nos autores Harry Pross, Martin Barbero, Esther Hamburger, Denise Bernuzzi de Sant Anna, Régis Debray, constata-se que paralelamente à novela em si, acumulam-se e complementam-se diversas mídias de apoio. Nesse sentido, são analisadas, também revistas voltadas para as celebridades cinematográficas e televisivas. Ciente de que não há televisão sem corpos antes e depois das câmeras, ou seja, corpos biológicos e corpos-imagem, entende-se que é na cauda da relação triádica telespectador, corpo e imagem que o ambiente da telenovela se mantém
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Schneider, Jan, Héctor Cárdenas, and José Alfonso Talamantes. "Using Web Services for Transparent Access to Distributed Databases." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Computer and Electrical Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-940.

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This thesis consists of a strategy to integrate distributed systems with the aid of web services. The focus of this research involves three subjects, web services and distributed database systems and its application on a real-life project.

For defining the context in this thesis, we present the research methodology that provides the path where the investigation will be performed and the general concepts of the running environment and architecture of web services.

The mayor contribution for this thesis is a solution for the Chamber Trade in Sweden and VNemart in Vietnam obtaining the requirement specification according to the SPIDER project needs and our software design specification using distributed databases and web services.

As results, we present the software implementation and the way or software meets and the requirements previously defined. For future web services developments, this document provides guidance for best practices in this subject.

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Books on the topic "Soap trade"

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Siphnaiou, Eurydikē. Enthymion sapōnopoiias Lesvou. Athēna: Hetairia Archipelagos, 2002.

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A, Poucher W. The production, manufacture, and application of perfumes. 9th ed. London: Chapman and Hall, 1993.

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Bontemps, Véronique. Ville et patrimoine en Palestine: Une ethnographie des savonneries de Naplouse. Paris: Karthala, 2012.

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Zaman, Samir. Comparative advantage analysis of the soap subsector in Uganda. United States?: s.n., 1992.

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Canada. Industry, Science and Technology Canada. Soap and cleaning compounds. Ottawa: Industry, Science and Technology Canada, 1991.

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Canada. Industry, Science and Technology Canada. Soap and cleaning compounds. Ottawa: Business Centre, Communications Branch, Industry, Science and Technology Canada, 1988.

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Moreno, Joaquín González. Descubrimiento en Triana: Las cuevas del jabón. Sevilla [Spain]: RC Editor, 1989.

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Aldana, Susana. Empresas coloniales: Las tinas de jabón en Piura. Piura: Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado, 1989.

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designer, Carvalho Rita book, ed. Claus Porto 130 anos: Claus Porto 130 years. Fajozes, Portugal]: Ach Brito & Ca. S.A., 2017.

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Özen, Ocakoğlu Günseli, and Cimcoz Hes̜im, eds. The story of soap. Istanbul: Olus̜ur Grafik Basım Hizmetleri A.S̜., 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Soap trade"

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"The Soap Trade and the New Hygiene." In The Clean Body, 107–30. McGill-Queen's University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780228000624-006.

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Jackson, Gordon. "The Modern Whaling Trade, 1904-1963." In The British Whaling Trade, 140. Liverpool University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780973007398.003.0201.

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This section of the journal provides a detailed history of the modern whaling industry, between 1904 and 1963. New techniques, new equipment, and new ships led to the complete overhaul of the traditional industry. The rapid expansion of the trade is linked to the shift in oil technology, and the repurposing of oil for soap and margarine. The section explores, in depth, new whaling techniques; new whaling areas; advances in oil technology; expanding fleets and new fishing grounds; crisis and contraction of the industry; and the sharp decline in the final years of the industry in the wake of the Second World War.
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Allen, Robert C. "5 As the World Turns: Television Soap Operas and Global Media Culture." In Mass Media and Free Trade, 110–28. University of Texas Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.7560/751989-008.

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Jackson, Gordon. "Chapter 12 Expanding Fleets and the New Fishing Grounds, 1919-1920." In The British Whaling Trade, 169–84. Liverpool University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780973007398.003.0012.

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British whaling in the interwar period cannot be understood, or adequately described, in terms solely of national production or national consumption. The continuation of Anglo-Norwegian rivalry ensured the international nature of the industry, in which the desire to maximise profits under a system of very free competition led to most complicated investment decisions based on factors that were very largely beyond the control of the British firms, or indeed, of any firm. There had always been international competition in whaling, but never before had individual firms produced so much, or had so much capital at stake. The balancing of supply and demand in the producers' favour was by no means easy, and, as with other primary producers, whaler-owners were already moving dangerously close to over-production. At the same time the acceleration of technical change during the war ensured an international market for oil among soap and margarine producers, with the result that purely national needs had little effect on prices. Although British firms served their domestic market more than any other, the returns on their effort might be determined by marginal production in Norway or government purchasing policy in Germany. On the production side it will be necessary from time to time to set British whaling in the context of total whaling activity as recorded in the ...
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Nükhet Adıyeke, Ayşe. "Osmanlı Egemenliği’nin İlk Yıllarında Resmo Bağları." In Hilâl. Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-260-4/007.

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Being an important stop of the Levant trade of the Serenissima, Crete was a strategic place for the trade of wine across the Mediterranean. While the fifteenth and the sixteenth centuries were the golden age of Cretan viniculture, when Crete passed from the Venetian to the Ottoman rule, the agricultural economy and the export potential of the island witnessed a significant transformation and the production of wine began to decline. According to previous studies wine was replaced by olive oil and soap. However, recent research has shown that this was a change which had begun already under the Venetian rule. During the Ottoman rule, the vineyards of Crete and wine production continued, although somehow limited. In this article the Ottoman legislation concerning viniculture in Crete after the Ottoman conquest will be presented.
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Robins, Jonathan E. "Introduction." In Oil Palm, 1–8. University of North Carolina Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469662893.003.0001.

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This chapter presents an overview of the oil palm’s changing roles in global history. Beginning with the oil palm’s long history in Africa, the chapter shows how the transatlantic slave trade brought palm oil into world markets, supplying the Industrial Revolution in Europe with oil for manufacturing soap, candles, grease, and other products. The chapter then sketches the impact of colonialism on Africa’s oil palm producers and the emergence of new plantation industries in Southeast Asia. After 1945, oil palm became a key crop for development organizations like the World Bank, leading to a massive expansion in oil palm cultivation. Palm oil found many new markets in the late twentieth century thanks to economic globalization and new scientific developments.
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Rarick, Ethan. "Unearthly." In Desperate Passage, 67–79. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195305029.003.0010.

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Abstract If the Donner Party received any brief encouragement as it struggled against the Wasatch Mountains, it must have come from the startling realization that other emigrants were even farther behind. At some point during the Wasatch ordeal, newcomers unexpectedly rolled up from the east. The three wagons belonged to Franklin Graves, a big, amiable man whose life had been a fitting prelude to the deprivations of the California Trail. In Illinois, where Graves and his wife had carved out a hardscrabble life in a one-room cabin along the banks of the Illinois River, Graves had gone shoeless in summer and hatless in winter. The family kept chickens and bees, and every morning Graves crossed the river in a handmade canoe to trade game, furs and buckets of honey with settlers in town. In the afternoon, the equally resourceful Elizabeth Graves showed up in the same boat with butter, eggs and soap. When the river froze, she kept up her errands by walking across the ice. They were cheerful, happy people, and it isn’t entirely clear why they decided to make the journey west, especially since Franklin was in his late fifties.
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Simmons, Richard D., and Nigel Culkin. "The Soup – Nationalism Popularism, Trade and Development." In Covid, Brexit and The Anglosphere, 61–69. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80382-687-520221006.

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Ramamurthy, Anandi. "Soap advertising, the trader as civiliser and the scramble for Africa." In Imperial persuaders. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7765/9781526118578.00008.

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"From Noodle Bowls to Alphabet Soup: The Interactions between TTIP, TPP and the Japan-EU Free Trade Agreement." In The Politics of Transatlantic Trade Negotiations, 153–74. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315554181-21.

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Conference papers on the topic "Soap trade"

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Koreeva, Natalya A. "Trade of merchants of Kazan province on the piers of Rybinsk in the first half of the 19th century." In Торговля, купечество и таможенное дело в России в XVI–XX веках. ИПЦ НГУ, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31518/tktdr-35-2023-10.

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The article examines the importance of Rybinsk piers in the trading operations of merchants of Kazan province in the first half of the 19th century, when Rybinsk became the most important market for grain goods – wheat, rye, oats, cereals, flour, malt, as well as candles, lamb fat, soap and other products. The number of trade participants from the provincial and county towns is shown. The surnames of merchants who took part in the work of the Rybinsk stock exchange in different years have been revealed.
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Kressel, John Alistair, Hugo Lefeuvre, and Pierre Olivier. "Software Compartmentalization Trade-Offs with Hardware Capabilities." In SOSP '23: ACM SIGOPS 29th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3623759.3624550.

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Hongjian Lin, Darrin M Haagenson, Dennis P Wiesenborn, Scott W Pryor, and Rachel Brudvik. "Effect of Trace Contaminants on Cold Soak Filterability of Canola Biodiesel." In 2010 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, June 20 - June 23, 2010. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.29891.

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Alfani, Dario, Marco Astolfi, Marco Binotti, Stefano Campanari, Francesco Casella, and Paolo Silva. "Multi Objective Optimization of Flexible Supercritical CO2 Coal-Fired Power Plants." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91789.

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Abstract Coal-fired power plants play a major role in large scale power generation by producing about 41% and 25% of the electricity in the world and in the EU, respectively. In the context of EU’s climate and energy policy (EU Reference Scenario 2016) and with a view to decarbonizing the electricity sector, the share of non-programmable renewable energies will soar in future years both in and outside the EU. As result, the role of fossil-fuel plants including coal-fired plants is expected to evolve, leading to a paradigm shift for their design and operation, which will move from constant base-load operation to increasingly variable power production for the integration of intermittent renewable energy sources. In the present work, developed within the EU project sCO2-Flex, the design and analysis of a coal-fired plant implementing a 100 MWel recompressed sCO2 power cycle is assessed, with particular focus on the trade-off between system performance and flexibility. The effects of the different design assumptions on the overall components’ sizing and system performance are investigated and a methodology to quantify the thermal inertia and the system flexibility based on the calculation of heat exchangers surfaces, volumes and masses (boiler tube walls and convective pass, recuperators and gas cooler heat rejection unit) is then presented. Finally, the cycle optimization is repeated with the aim to find the optimal trade-off between plant efficiency and thermal inertia, eventually providing a number of promising designs for next generation sCO2 fossil fuel power plants.
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Bodin, Per, Kristian Lindqvist, David Seelbinder, Artemi Makarow, José Garrido, Alessandro Visintini, Marilena Di Carlo, Andrew Hyslop, and Valentin Preda. "Attitude Guidance Using On-Board Optimisation." In ESA 12th International Conference on Guidance Navigation and Control and 9th International Conference on Astrodynamics Tools and Techniques. ESA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/esa-gnc-icatt-2023-113.

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The on-board ability to autonomously plan and execute constrained attitude manoeuvres is expected to play an important role in many future space missions. The work presented in this paper summarizes the results from a recently completed ESA study in which such functionality was examined. The study included the application of on-board embedded optimisation techniques to solve constrained attitude guidance problems. Different heritage methods not based on on-board optimisation were also developed and applied for comparison. The study demonstrated the capabilities in a number of test cases associated with two benchmark problems based on the Comet Interceptor and Theseus mission studies. The performance was examined within Monte Carlo simulations as well as within execution on a ZedBoard hardware platform. The use of numerical optimisation has experienced a huge acceleration over the last years. Convex optimisation is appealing mainly since the local optimum is also the global optimum and since very efficient general-purpose and highly dedicated solvers exist. In addition, the dependency on initial guesses is completely lifted. Convex optimisation methods are flexible enough to permit the modelling of a huge number of problems of practical interest. A particularly successful category of problems, the Second-Order Cone Programming (SOCP) problem is a generalization of quadratic programming that includes the possibility of embedding conic constraints in the formulation. This type of formulation has been widely used in many fields, and with particular success in GNC, especially for guidance applications such as powered-descent and landing, and atmospheric re-entry. More notably, this technology has been successfully employed on several rockets and vehicles, including the Falcon 9 and the experimental DLR vehicle EAGLE. Resulting from a trade-off performed in the study, the selected baseline strategy was to combine second-order cone programming (SOCP) with successive convexification into sequential convex programming (SCVX), inspired by the work of Mao and Bonalli. The SOCP problem class perfectly fits the constraints required to model the benchmark scenarios and the DLR experience in using similar methods for vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL) vehicles demonstrates, that it is a reliable, fast convergent method. A pseudospectral discretization method was selected based on prior experience. The heritage methods applied for the Comet Interceptor benchmark case was based on simplified slew strategies parameterized by a reduced parameter set. The solution is obtained numerically taking into account the numerical evolution of the nominal angular and rate profiles. An eigenaxis slew algorithm was chosen for Theseus as a result of a trade-off with alternative heritage guidance methods including artificial potential functions and path planning algorithms, where these methods were rejected due to lack of convergence guarantee and because of their computational complexity. For the Comet Interceptor benchmark cases, the results from the Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that for the more nominal cases, the results from using the SCVX and heritages solutions are comparable in terms of minimising the time the target object is outside of the field-of-view of the payload instruments. For the contingency cases, the SCVX is clearly better than the heritage solution. For Theseus, the slew times resulting from the SCVX solutions are in general shorter than those obtained from the heritage solution. In addition to the Monte Carlo simulations performed for the benchmark cases, the optimisation algorithms were executed on an ARM-Cortex-based development board (ZedBoard), which is supported by the MATLAB Embedded Coder for C code applications. As the SOCP solver is written in C++ it was not possible to rely on the native support. The following procedure was used to facilitate runtime tests: The Embedded Coder was used to generate code of the SCVX algorithm for the ARM-Cortex architecture, including the loading and reading process of the transcription data. Then the GCC cross-compiler was used to build a standalone executable which was uploaded to the ZedBoard. Several conclusions can be drawn from the work performed in the study with in particular the following main areas are of interest: The performance observed from the SCVX based guidance is in most of the test cases better than the guidance resulting from the heritage solutions. The execution times observed from the tests on the flight like HW are in the range of 30 to 40 s which does not really allow for fast recomputation of the guidance profiles in connection with critical re-configuration of HW or in other cases, where the guidance profile is needed quickly. It is however expected that there is some room for improvement in terms of execution time. An estimate of development effort shows that the application-specific required, recurrent effort is similar for the development of the optimisation-based and the heritage solutions. However, the optimisation-based solution also requires a significant initial, non-recurring effort to develop the necessary numeric optimisation software. This is estimated to be about 5 times as much as the effort for a single mission application, not counting the development of the core convex solver. The observations and conclusions summarized above indicate that choosing an SCVX-based attitude guidance solution is not a “magic” universal tool that seamlessly will solve any problem. Significant effort is needed to be able to arrive at a well-posed and well-tuned problem that allows the optimisation-based framework to provide a solution. However, with such a problem at hand, the framework is able to provide a versatile solution that seems to be able to better utilize the on-board resources and deliver a solution that provides better performance than the heritage approach.
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Zeng, Sai, Jose´ Gomes, Man-Mohan Singh, Laurent Balmelli, and Ioana M. Boier-Martin. "A Model-Driven Development Approach to Integrating Requirements, Design and Simulations in the Early Stages of Product Development." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34208.

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Decisions made in the early stages of the product development lifecycle have significant impact on the downstream activities. However, existing tools supporting decision-making and product verification at these stages are very limited. One of the obvious reasons is the lack of a common understanding between the system-level design activity and the design activities within the various participating engineering disciplines. In this paper, we propose a collaboration solution which we have developed and commercialized based on the model-driven development platform that allows numerous engineers from heterogeneous engineering disciplines to collaborate on the development of a complex system, such as an automobile. It helps engineers apprehend the system holistically and collectively thus make better architectural decisions. More specifically, this solution connects discipline-specific designs and simulations with the system-level requirements that trigger them in order to facilitate the integration of development efforts and to enable system-level evaluation of the design concepts early in the product development processes. Our approach provides an effective way to trace and analyze the impact of requirements and design changes, facilitates reuse of simulation artifacts for the optimization of future product designs, and supports decision-making activities at the system level. We illustrate our approach in the context of a automotive use case involving mechanical, requirement and safety engineers respectively using their own authoring environments but collectively in synch on the total system thanks to an SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture) based integration between their authoring environments.
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Lall, Pradeep, and Geeta Limaye. "A Methodology for High Cycle Fatigue Characterization of Lead-Free Interconnects Under Simultaneous Harsh Environments of High Temperature and Vibration." In ASME 2013 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2013-73245.

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Current trends in the automotive industry warrant a variety of electronics for improved control, safety, efficiency and entertainment. Many of these electronic systems like engine control units, variable valve sensor, crankshaft-camshaft sensors are located under-hood. Electronics installed in under-hood applications are subjected simultaneously to mechanical vibrations and thermal loads. Typical failure modes caused by vibration induced high cycle fatigue include solder fatigue, copper trace or lead fracture. The solder interconnects accrue damage much faster when vibrated at elevated temperatures. Industry migration to lead-free solders has resulted in a proliferation of a wide variety of solder alloy compositions. Presently, the literature on mechanical behavior of lead-free alloys under simultaneous harsh environment of high-temperature vibration is sparse. In this paper, the reduction in stiffness of the PCB with temperature has been demonstrated by measuring the shift in natural frequencies. The test vehicle consisting of a variety of lead-free SAC305 daisy chain components including BGA, QFP, SOP and TSOPs has been tested to failure by subjecting it to two elevated temperatures and harmonic vibrations at the corresponding first natural frequency. The test matrix includes three test temperatures of 25C, 75C and 125C and simple harmonic vibration amplitude of 10G which are values typical in automotive testing. PCB deflection has been shown to increase with increase in temperature. The full field strain has been extracted using high speed cameras operating at 100,000 fps in conjunction with digital image correlation. Material properties of the PCB at test temperatures have been measured using tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. FE simulation using global-local finite element models is thus correlated with the system characteristics such as modal shapes, natural frequencies and displacement amplitudes for every temperature. The solder level stresses have been extracted from the sub-models. Stress amplitude versus cycles to failure curves are obtained at all the three test temperatures. A comparison of failure modes for different surface mount packages at elevated test temperatures and vibration has been presented in this study.
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Lall, Pradeep, and Geeta Limaye. "High Cycle Fatigue Life-Prediction for Lead-Free Interconnects Under Simultaneous High Temperature and Vibration." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-66820.

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Current trends in the automotive industry warrant a variety of electronics for improved control, safety, efficiency and entertainment. Many of these electronic systems like engine control units, variable valve sensor, crankshaft-camshaft sensors are located under-hood. Electronics installed in under-hood applications are subjected simultaneously to mechanical vibrations and thermal loads. Typical failure modes caused by vibration induced high cycle fatigue include solder fatigue, copper trace or lead fracture. The solder interconnects accrue damage much faster when vibrated at elevated temperatures. Industry migration to lead-free solders has resulted in a proliferation of a wide variety of solder alloy compositions. Presently, the literature on mechanical behavior of lead-free alloys under simultaneous harsh environment of high-temperature vibration is sparse. In this paper, the reduction in stiffness of the PCB with temperature has been demonstrated by measuring the shift in natural frequencies. The test vehicle consisting of a variety of lead-free SAC305 daisy chain components including BGA, QFP, SOP and TSOPs has been tested to failure by subjecting it to two elevated temperatures and harmonic vibrations at the corresponding first natural frequency. The test matrix includes three test temperatures of 25C, 75C and 125C and simple harmonic vibration amplitude of 10G which are values typical in automotive testing. PCB deflection has been shown to increase with increase in temperature. The full field strain has been extracted using high speed cameras operating at 100,000 fps in conjunction with digital image correlation. Material properties of the PCB at test temperatures have been measured using tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. FE simulation using global-local finite element models is thus correlated with the system characteristics such as modal shapes, natural frequencies and displacement amplitudes for every temperature. The solder level stresses have been extracted from the sub-models. Stress amplitude versus cycles to failure curves are obtained at all the three test temperatures. A comparison of failure modes for different surface mount packages at elevated test temperatures and vibration has been presented in this study.
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Reports on the topic "Soap trade"

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Orhan, Nilüfer, Burak Temiz, Hale Gamze Ağalar, and Gökalp İşcan. Boswellia serrata Oleogum Resins and Extracts Laboratory Guidance Document. ABC-AHP-NCNPR Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.59520/bapp.lgd/mqgn3574.

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Boswellia resins are described in numerous ancient texts and have been an important trade material for the civilizations located in the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa since at least the third millennium BCE. Frankincense (olibanum) is an exudate that seeps from injured bark of Boswellia species (Burseraceae). The oleogum resin obtained from Boswellia serrata is called Indian frankincense and is used in the Ayurvedic, Siddha, and Unani systems of traditional medicine. Additionally, its extracts and essential oils are used in soaps, cosmetics, foods, beverages, and incense products. This Laboratory Guidance Document aims to review the analytical methods used to authenticate natural oleogum resin from B. serrata and differentiate it from other Boswellia species, as well as other potential adulterants. This document can be used in conjunction with the B. serrata Botanical Adulterants Prevention Bulletin published by the ABC-AHP-NCNPR Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program in 2018.1 From a historical perspective, a number of oleogum resins from Boswellia species have been used interchangeably for medicinal purposes around the world, and older “olibanum” pharmacopeial monographs consider more than one species as officially acceptable. Such interchangeable use is still observed today as several Boswellia species are offered as frankincense.2,3 However, Western botanical dietary supplements and the herbal medicine markets are dominated by products labeled to contain B. serrata, irrespective of whether a formal identification of the ingredient has been performed or not. Therefore, this laboratory guidance document has been written to help laboratory analysts to find appropriate analytical methods that allow the unambiguous identification of B. serrata oleogum resin and its extracts.
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