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Journal articles on the topic 'SOAP'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Fuls, Janice L., Nancy D. Rodgers, George E. Fischler, et al. "Alternative Hand Contamination Technique To Compare the Activities of Antimicrobial and Nonantimicrobial Soaps under Different Test Conditions." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 12 (2008): 3739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02405-07.

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ABSTRACT Antimicrobial hand soaps provide a greater bacterial reduction than nonantimicrobial soaps. However, the link between greater bacterial reduction and a reduction of disease has not been definitively demonstrated. Confounding factors, such as compliance, soap volume, and wash time, may all influence the outcomes of studies. The aim of this work was to examine the effects of wash time and soap volume on the relative activities and the subsequent transfer of bacteria to inanimate objects for antimicrobial and nonantimicrobial soaps. Increasing the wash time from 15 to 30 seconds increase

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2

Priyanka G. Ghonge, Pooja R. Hatwar, Prashant G. Shelke, Ravindra L. Bakal, and Sanika S. Khandare. "Herbal soaps in skincare: Natural solution for healthy skin." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 31, no. 3 (2025): 055–63. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2025.31.3.0218.

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Herbal soap is a natural, medication-based soap that contains antibacterial and antifungal agents, utilizing plant parts such as leaves, stems, roots, and fruits to treat various skin conditions. Unlike commercial soaps, herbal soaps are gentle on the skin, retaining moisture and providing a natural alternative to synthetic soaps that can cause skin irritation and allergies. The skin, being the largest organ in the human body, serves as a protective barrier against external pathogens, and herbal soaps can play a crucial role in maintaining skin health. Various herbs, such as aloe vera, neem, t

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3

Geraldo, Ingrid M., Allan Gilman, Milind S. Shintre, and Shanta M. Modak. "Rapid Antibacterial Activity of 2 Novel Hand Soaps: Evaluation of the Risk of Development of Bacterial Resistance to the Antibacterial Agents." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 29, no. 8 (2008): 736–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/589723.

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Objective.To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of and risk of organisms developing resistance to 2 novel hand soaps: (1) a soap containing triclosan, polyhexamethylene biguanide, and benzethonium chloride added to a soap base (TPB soap); and (2) a soap containing farnesol, polyhexamethylene biguanide, and benzethonium chloride added to a soap base (FPB soap). Tests also included soaps containing only triclosan.Design.The risk of emergence of resistant bacterial mutants was investigated by determining the susceptibility changes after repeated exposure of bacteria to the drugs and soaps in vit

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4

Nwankwo, Emmanuel, Okechukwu Pipi, and C. Okiyi. "ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME COMMERCIAL MEDICATED AND HOME MADE SOAPS USED IN UMUAHIA, ABIA STATE." Sahel Journal of Life Sciences FUDMA 3, no. 2 (2025): 109–13. https://doi.org/10.33003/sajols-2025-0302-13.

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The use of soap whether commercial or locally made to ensure cleanliness cannot be overemphasized. The aim of the study is to analyze the antibacterial activity of some commercial medicated and locally made soap used in Umuahia. A total of 3 locally produced soaps were collected and used for this study against some clinical isolates using the agar well diffusion technique. The commercial medicated soaps showed higher antibacterial effect comparatively. Crusader soap showed the highest antibacterial activity at all dilutions (200mg/ml to 6.25mg/ml) with diameter zone of inhibition of 25mm and 1

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Osabohien, Emmanuel, Paul N. Diagboya, and Alexander A. Odagwe. "Comparative Characterization of Soaps Prepared from Plant-sourced Alkali Solutions and Caustic Soda." Unidel Journal of Science, Technology and Innovations 1, no. 1 (2024): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15316527.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> One of the basic ingredients of modern soap making is synthetic alkali such as caustic soda or lye (NaOH). The utilization of plant-based alkalis to make soap has been compared to the use of synthetic caustic alkalis (sodium hydroxide). Synthetic alkalis cause significant adverse effects on the environment which may be drastically reduced by using plant-based alkalis. Nigeria is an agrarian economy ranked among the first five largest producers of both plantain (<em>Musa paradisiaca</em>) and oil palm (<em>Elaeis guineensis</em>) in the world, thus generating large amo

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Shailong, C.N, Oforghor, A.O, and Olua, E.B. "Comparative Analysis of Produced Organic Soap from Garlic Juice-Benni-Seed Stalk Ash Extract and Coconut Oil and Some Selected Commercial Soaps." Middle East Journal of Applied Science & Technology 06, no. 02 (2023): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.46431/mejast.2023.6212.

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Comparative Analysis of Organic Soap Produced from Garlic Juice-Benni-Seed Stalk Ash Extract and Coconut Oil and some Selected Commercial Soaps. The method used involved Collection of Benni-seed stalk and preparation of Alkali, Collection and Extraction of Coconut Oil, Collection of Garlic Bulb and Preparation of the Garlic Juice- based Alkaline. The produced soap was characterized based on physical characteristics (Soap Types, Colour, Texture, Aroma and Cleaning efficiency), pH of the soap samples, Foaming Stability, water hardness Test and Wash Fastness Properties Test. The result of the stu

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I.L., Gold,, Okunwaye, T., Onyia, D.C., Akpose, I.O., Imoisi, O.B., and Asiriuwa, N.U. "Physicochemical Properties of African Black Soap Prepared with Alkali Derived from (Empty) Oil Palm Fruit Bunches." Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry 14, no. 4 (2024): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4290.

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The use of oil palm biomass in black soap production was carried out. The soap was prepared using different oils; Palm kernel oil (PKO), Tallow oil (TO), Palm oil (PO), Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and their blends (PKO:PFAD:TO:PO) at 0.5 ratio each. The physiochemical properties of the different oils and their blends were studied. The moisture content, bulk density, foaming stability, pH, solubility of metallic salts and surface tension of the different black soaps produced were analyzed. The results of the oils and their blends had free fatty acid values between (2.56 - 49.48) %, saponi

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8

T.Manjula*, T. Manjula*, L. Dhanush Adhithiyan, M. Krishnamoorthy M. Krishnamoorthy, C. Navayugan C.Navayugan, and R. Padhmanathan R.Padhmanathan. "XXX." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications 09, no. 05 (2024): 305–10. https://doi.org/10.35629/4494-0905305310.

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Herbal soap is a natural soap to conventional soap that is Often made using herbs and plant-based ingredients. The use of herbal soap provides various benefits, such as healing the skin, provide natural fragrance, provide Smoothing; it is made using natural ingredients that do not harm The environment and is biodegradable numerous chemical toxins and microorganisms present in the atmosphere may cause chemical infection and damage to the skin cosmetics alone are not sufficient to take care of the skin. Herbal soap ingredients use neem, tulsi, and turmeric, neem leaf and seed were found effectiv

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9

Putri, Ridona Zulyeni. "LATEST INNOVATION: ECO-FRIENDLY SOLID SOAP FROM COCONUT, PALM, AND OLIVE OILS." SEMESTA: Journal of Science Education and Teaching 6, no. 2 (2023): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/semesta/vol6-iss2/209.

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Natural soaps made from vegetable ingredients are increasingly popular nowadays, especially those known as natural soaps. The vegetable oil content of plants makes it called natural) and its advantage lies in its ability to moisturize the skin without leaving potentially harmful chemical residues. The research method used is a laboratory experimental method using descriptive analysis, so that it can provide information regarding the manufacture of solid soap. In this research on making solid soap, a pH test analysis or degree of acidity was carried out. pH is used to determine the alkaline and

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10

Zhang, Jiaodi, Ana K. Pitol, Safari Kinung’hi, et al. "The lethal effect of soap on Schistosoma mansoni cercariae in water." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 18, no. 7 (2024): e0012372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012372.

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Background Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease which is spread through skin contact with water containing Schistosoma cercariae. Drug treatment has been the main control method, but it does not prevent reinfection. The use of soap can be a complementary measure to reduce transmission. Therefore, this study investigates the quantitative effect of different soaps on the mortality of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. Methodology Four soaps including two powder soaps (Kleesoft and Omo) and two bar soaps (B29 and Rungu) which are used in a schistosomiasis-endemic Tanzanian village were studied. S.

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Udoh, Anthony P., Aniekan U. Akpan, and Dominic J. Akpan. "Metal Ion Improved Properties of Burning Candle." European Journal of Advanced Chemistry Research 2, no. 4 (2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejchem.2021.2.4.77.

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Irvingia gabonensis seed oil was extracted, characterized, and used in the production of metallic soaps of calcium, magnesium, and aluminium for application as hardeners for candle wax. The percentage free fatty acid (as oleic acid) is 2.76, the acid value is 5.50, unsaponifiable matter is 0.12 and the viscosity is 205.70×102 Kgm-1S-1. The seed oil contains eight fatty acids; the most abundant being myristic acid with 54.39% followed by lauric acid with 36.83%. The percentage saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are 93.19%, 6.27

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12

Jithendran, R. "Formulation and Evolution of Polyherbal Soap: A Review Article." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 10 (2021): 547–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.33746.

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Abstract: The polyherbal soap are the one which contains nature herbal ingredients. Many herbal plants and products combines to from polyherbal product. These soaps arise to avoid the synthetic soap. This herbal soap reduces the side effect effects and gives good results to the human. Now a days herbal soap plays major role in the society. It avoids the pathogen infection caused by the environment. Keywords: polyherbal soap, formulation, Antimicrobial

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13

Uduma, Uduma A., Gowon A. Jacob, Abubakar Hussaini, Sani Suleiman, and Maria B. Uduma. "Formulation and Characterization of Black Medicated Soap using Waste Agricultural Products with Blended Oils." Journal of Science Research and Reviews 2, no. 2 (2025): 53–62. https://doi.org/10.70882/josrar.2025.v2i2.66.

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The saponification technique, which involves reacting triglyceride-containing oil/fat with caustic soda (NaOH) are used to formulate soaps. However, the fatty acid makeup of various oils varies, which accounts for the various qualities of the soaps made from them. The X-ray fluorescence examination performed on the agricultural wastes ashes revealed the existence of potassium oxide (K2O) and sodium oxide (Na2O) as the primary components in the ashes. The plantain peel, cocoa pod, and palm tree bunch ashes were also analyzed using a flame photometer, and the results showed that the K: Na ratio

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14

Kunatsa, Yvonne, and David R. Katerere. "Checklist of African Soapy Saponin—Rich Plants for Possible Use in Communities’ Response to Global Pandemics." Plants 10, no. 5 (2021): 842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10050842.

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Plants that exhibit foaming properties when agitated in aqueous solutions are commonly referred to as soapy plants, and they are used in different communities for washing, bathing, and hair shampooing. The frothing ability of these plants is attributed to saponins which are also well-documented to possess antimicrobial attributes. In the light of COVID-19, soap and hand hygiene have taken center stage. The pandemic has also revealed the low access to running water and commercial soaps in many marginalized and poor communities to the detriment of global health. Thus, soapy plants, either in the

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15

Shehu, Aliyu, Oluwole Joshua Okunola, and Uduma A. Uduma. "DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANO-ENHANCED SOAP WITH ENHANCED PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 9, no. 1 (2025): 196–204. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2025-0901-3029.

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The development of nano-enhanced soap offers a groundbreaking approach to enhancing the physicochemical and antimicrobial attributes of conventional soaps. This study compared the prepared soap with two commercially available soaps, examining parameters such as physicochemical properties, antimicrobial efficacy, and minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations. The physicochemical analysis indicated that the prepared soap met regulatory standards for pH, solubility, hardness, and total fatty matter (TFM), confirming its suitability for human use. Specifically, the produced soap exhibited

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16

Koomson, John, Bennetta Koomson, Benjamin Asare, and Richard Ofori. "Studies on the use of locally manufactured soaps as alternative collectors for the flotation of iron ores." Journal of the Ghana Institution of Engineering (JGhIE) 24, no. 3 (2024): 36–40. https://doi.org/10.56049/jghie.v24i3.190.

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Industrially approved collectors are known to be expensive in the mining sector, which raises production costs. This research shows how three locally manufactured soaps can be used as an alternative for collectors in the flotation process. The chemical composition of the iron oxide sample was determined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The soaps were graded according to total fatty matter, free caustic alkali, and lather volume to demonstrate their quality. The iron oxides, which made up 67 % of the total weight, were floated with naphthalene as a frother and locally manufactured soaps, namely

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17

Dr. Hemalata Sagar Wadkar, Dr Hemalata Sagar Wadkar, Aditi Amol Mardhekar Aditi Amol Mardhekar, Krishna Bhaurao Kendre Krishna Bhaurao Kendre, and Tejashree Prakash Patil Tejashree Prakash Patil. "Formulation and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Soap from Piper betle Extract." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications 10, no. 3 (2025): 1579–88. https://doi.org/10.35629/4494-100315791588.

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Natural soap is produced without synthetic surfactants and incorporates functional ingredients such as natural substances, essential oils, or plant extracts. Soap, a type of surfactant derived from natural oils or fats, is created through the saponification process. This research aimed to analyze solid soap made from coconut oil infused with betel leaf extract and to assess its antimicrobial properties. The solid soap is formulated by immersing coconut oil in a 5% NaOH solution and preparing the betel leaf extract using a decoction method. Currently, we are utilizing Piper betel, commonly know

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18

Akash, Gaikwad* Aniket Gudur Rini Punathil Sanket Dharashivkar. "Herbal Soaps: A Natural Alternative for Skin Care." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 2 (2025): 1505–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14886844.

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Chemicals that might damage skin are included in the majority of commercial soaps and detergents. An excellent substitute is to use natural herbal soap and detergents. They promote relaxation and stress relief. The creation of an herbal soap using plant extracts is urgently needed because chemical-based soaps contain harsh chemicals that can harm skin. Certain plants are suitable for use in any herbal soap due to their recognized antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-scar, anti-spot, anti-acne, and anti-wrinkle effects. Using neem, tulsi, green moong dal, coffee, green tea, sugar, cocoa powde

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M., Swetha, Abutaher Muskaan, Naman, Suman Choudhary D., and Rama Rao T. "A Review on Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Soap for Anti-Acne Activity." International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation 9, no. 3 (2024): 23–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11298298.

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Natural fatty acids react with sodium or potassium ions to produce soap, a common cleaning solution. Water has a cleansing effect because it bonds to the carboxylic group, while the negative ions in the hydrocarbon chain draw oil and grease. Diverse kinds of soaps are available to meet diverse demands. These include synthetic soaps created through chemical processes and natural soaps prepared from just natural materials. There are also Syndet bars, which contain a mixture of synthetic detergents. To guarantee proper use, it is important to recognize these differences. For example, dish soap sh

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Ladigbolu, Tope Adejoju, and Bamidele Rasak Olajide. "Farmers’ proclivity to use soap opera for sourcing agricultural information in Southwest Nigeria." Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 51, no. 4 (2018): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2018-0018.

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Abstract Given the soap opera’s potential to engender behaviour learning and meet the information needs of farmers, this paper sought to establish farmers’ propensity to use soap opera for sourcing agricultural information in Southwest Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to draw representative samples (150 farmers) in this study. Using interview schedule, data were elicited on farmers’ personal characteristics, awareness about the use of soap opera, perceived benefits of soap opera and proclivity to use it for sourcing agricultural information. Data were analysed using descripti

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Najem, Ashwaq H. "Sensitivity of some types of Gr+ and Gr- bacteria to some types of commercial soaps." Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences 8, no. 01 (2024): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32441/kjps.08.01.p2.

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The use of soap is one of the most important means of ionic cleansing and getting rid of some types of bacteria that may be harmful and present on the skin, especially after using the toilet, as part of them may remain on the surface of the skin, causing some pathological injuries, and the ability of soap to remove or eliminate these germs varies according to the soap type and the period of its use in washing, the study aimed to determine the ability of some types of liquid soap to eliminate different types of Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The plate method was used to find out the

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22

Adeyemi, Adewale Fatai. "Evaluation of Sodium and Potassium Soaps Prepared from Beeswax: Adding Value to Material." International Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research 10, no. 1 (2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/64.v10i1.3076.

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This study investigated the potential of producing quality soaps from beeswax with a view to widening its applications and providing alternative to the high demanding fats and oils. Its potassium and sodium soaps were prepared by hot method and their properties examined. The FTIR spectroscopy indicated carboxylate band at 1560.46 cm−1 for both soaps, which is, however, absent in the original beeswax, showing that metal ions associated with the COO− ions in monodendate structures. The soaps have good qualities with respect to pH, foam ability, longevity, hardness, free alkali and total fatty ma

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23

Delinska, Nikolaya, Mariyana Perifanova-Nemska, Ivanka Petrova, Vanya Gandova, and Gabor Zsivanovits. "Physical and sensory characteristics of soaps obtained using red hot pepper seeds oil (Capsicum annuum L.)." BIO Web of Conferences 122 (2024): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202412201011.

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Sensory profile of cosmetic products, including soaps, is essential to consumer perception. Therefore, soap manufacturers, using new and alternative raw materials, strive to improve the appearance of soaps, their consistency, their ability to foam, the feeling of cleanliness, the feeling on the skin after use, etc. The aim of this research is to determine the quality and sensory characteristics of soaps obtained with hot pepper seeds oil (Capsicum annuum L.) – an alternative raw material from waste plant products. Four different soap variations were crafted, employing diverse combinations of p

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24

Shashank, Tiwari1 Sadhana Singh*2 Amisha Kumari3 Abhay Rajvanshi4 Vandana Sharma4. "Formulation And Evaluation Of Ficus Religiosa Herbal Soap." International Journal in Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 9 (2024): 374–85. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13731677.

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The majority of commercial soaps contain chemicals and synthetic components that can be unpleasant or harmful to the skin. Human skin requires specialized therapy for healing, enhanced skin tone, and the look of radiant health.Another potential approach is to use natural herbal soaps. Our study's objective was to create herbal hygienic soap using an antibacterial ingredient and the cold process technology. Herbal soap was prepared using Shikekai, Lemon oil, neem, Ethanol, Glycerin, Steric acid, Soft Paraffin, Ficus religiosa (Active ingredient),and NaOH (lye) and different extracts were includ

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25

L.E, Yahaya, Adeji O., Igbinadolor R.O, et al. "Antiseptic Properties of Cocoa Pod Husk Herbal Soap." Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences 15, no. 2 (2025): 152–61. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2025/v15i2366.

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The antiseptic properties of two soaps prepared with the leaves of Azadirachta indica (NEM) and Moringa oleifera (MRG) were evaluated. The study employed Inhibitory activity sensitivity test using Agar-well Diffusion Method to test the antimicrobial activities of the soap samples on four bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeuroginosa) and two fungi (Trichophyton spp. and Candida albicans) and minimum Inhibitory concentration (MIC) obtained using regression analysis. The physical properties of the prepared soap including hardness, foamability and p

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I. U., Nwankwo, Edwards K. C., Itaman V. O., Udensi C. G., and Unah O. G. "Antibacterial Activities of Medicated and Antiseptic Soaps on Staphylococcus Aureus and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated from Wound Infection." Academic Journal of Life Sciences, no. 83 (December 29, 2022): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ajls.83.39.45.

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Soaps and other cleaning chemicals have been widely utilized for various cleaning purposes for a long time. As the skin is the first line of defense, most bacteria like Pseudomonas aureginosa and Staphylococcus aureus reside and are the primary cause of skin infections.The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial effects of medicated soap (tetmosol) and antiseptic soap (premier cool) against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from wound samples. The antibacterial activity of medicated and antiseptic soapswas investigated against test organisms (Staphylococcus

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27

Morgan, Frank. "Soap Bubbles and Soap Films." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 607, no. 1 Mathematical (1990): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb22749.x.

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Kabara, Jon J. "Bar Soap and Liquid Soap." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 253, no. 11 (1985): 1560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1985.03350350054017.

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Sukawaty, Yullia, and Husnul Warnida. "PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN HANDMADE SOAP METODE DINGIN PADA ANGGOTA PKK GUNUNG KELUA KOTA SAMARINDA." Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Kita 1, no. 1 (2021): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33759/asta.v1i1.123.

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We are using soap to remove dirt and bacteria in the skin. Traditionally, soap is made from vegetable oils and lye with simple home tools like pan and stove. Materials for handmade soap is not expensive and easily available, but it gives us a luxury bath. The reaction between fatty acid and lye in soap produces glycerin, a good humectant, to keep our skin supple and moist. Commercial soap manufacturer make it a practice to remove the glycerin that is produces during the saponification process. Hence, handmade soap does not dried out skin, like the commercial soap product. This activity aimed t

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Gautam, Madhab, and Prajwal Acharya. "Physico-Chemical Parameterization of some Commercially Available Toilets and Laundry Soaps in Tansen, Palpa." Tribhuvan Journal 2, no. 1 (2023): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tribj.v2i1.60219.

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Nepalese market has witnessed an impressive upsurge in the production and consumption of a variety of soaps in recent times since 2022 after covid pandemic. The physicochemical parameterization determines the quality, competency and cleaning properties of soap so that we urge sagacious use of these soaps to keep skin healthy. Due to scant knowledge about the quality of soaps, there is need to assess them. Ten parameters namely foam height, surface tension, pH, moisture content, conductance, total fatty matter, total alkali, free caustic alkali and chloride content of commercially available toi

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Antonić, Bojan, Dani Dordević, Simona Jančíková, Bohuslava Tremlova, and Ivan Kushkevych. "Physicochemical Characterization of Home-Made Soap from Waste-Used Frying Oils." Processes 8, no. 10 (2020): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8101219.

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The study aimed to describe the utilization of waste frying oils, originated mainly from households, in home-made soap production and to emphasize the advantages of soap biodegradation in comparison to biological treatment of oils. The physicochemical analyses of soaps were used to check the differences between the samples made of fresh and fried oils. Significant (p < 0.05) difference between the soaps made of fresh/fried olive oil pair was obtained, while the rapeseed sample pair did not differ significantly (p < 0.05). Malondialdehyde (MDA) exhibited notable differences with an increa

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32

Kabir, Fatima Mohammad, A. U. Uduma, and Maria B. Uduma. "An Overview of the Chemistry and Utilization of Detergents, both Soap and Non-Soap." Journal of Science Research and Reviews 1, no. 2 (2024): 72–80. https://doi.org/10.70882/josrar.2024.v1i2.62.

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This analysis explores the fundamental contrasts between detergent soaps and non-soap detergents, concentrating on their chemical makeup, cleaning methods, environmental impact, and applicability for diverse uses. Traditional soaps are made from natural fats and oils, which results in a biodegradable cleaning agent. Non-soap detergents, on the other hand, are made synthetically and frequently have better cleaning capabilities, but their limited biodegradability may cause environmental issues. In order to determine the best option depending on particular cleaning requirements, this study examin

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Bashirat Abdulsalam, Dauda Hassan Lamuntani, and Mohammed Momodu Lawal. "Effect of Oil Type in Soap Production with Its Implication on Quality and Cost of Production." International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology 11, no. 4 (2024): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32628/ijsrst24114114.

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The study examined the effect of oil - type in soap production. An attempt was made to identify the oil-type that is suitable and applicable in quality soap production. Three types of oil were used for soap production, namely, palm kernel oil, coconut oil and groundnut oil. The soap produced with each oil was subjected to test for lather formation, pH and texture test to determine their quality. Palm kernel oil and coconut oil soaps exhibit pH value of 9 each and groundnut oil soap exhibits pH value of 10. Palm kernel oil soap forms lather readily followed by coconut oil and lastly ground grou

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Sharma, Jyoti, Manjula Mehta, and Sonia Bhonchal Bharadwaj. "Contamination of ‘in-use’ bar soaps in dental clinics of University hospital." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 12 (2021): 6061. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20214615.

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Hand carriage of bacteria is an important route of transmission of infection in health care settings. Hand washing continues to be the most effective mechanism of prevention of the spread of infection in hospitals. In this study the ‘in-use’ bar soaps in the dental hospital were sampled to look for the presence of microorganisms on their surfaces. All the soaps which were sampled yielded the growth of microorganisms on them. The isolated microorganisms are Bacillus, Micrococci, Staphylococci and gram-negative bacilli. Since the use of ‘in-use’ bar soaps function as reservoir of microorganisms

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Ningrum, Dini Kusuma, Andi Eko Wiyono, and Winda Amilia. "EVALUASI MUTU SABUN PADAT DENGAN PENAMBAHAN VARIASI EKSTRAK ETANOL TEMBAKAU (Nicotiana tabacum L.)." EnviroScienteae 17, no. 2 (2021): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/es.v17i2.11494.

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The extract of tobacco leaves can also be used as a natural addition in making a hard soap. Hard soap from tobacco extracts produced must comply with the quality requirements specified by Indonesian National Standard (abbreviated SNI-3532: 2016). The objective of this study is to evaluate the quality of solid soap preparations with the addition of variations in the ethanol extract of tobacco. The method used is a laboratory experimental method using descriptive analysis. The concentration of tobacco extract used was 0 g, 1.2 g, 2.4 g, and 4.8 g. A testing parameter is used including water cont

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Sari, Myra Wardati, Cengristitama Cengristitama, Pendi Riswandi, and Dian Puspitasari. "Workshop of bar soap making from waste cooking oil to the students guardian of learning class sabumi muslim homeschooling community in Sariwangi, West Bandung Regency." Jurnal Pemberdayaan: Publikasi Hasil Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 6, no. 1 (2022): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/jpm.v6i1.4859.

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Community service in the form of a workshop on making solid soap from used cooking oil with the Sabumi Homeschooling Community aimed to utilize used cooking oil waste and reduce pollution caused by household waste, provide knowledge to the community about making solid soap, and open up entrepreneurial opportunities for the community. In general, the guardians of the Sabumi Homeschooling community and their students with raw materials derived from unused materials/daily household waste. The methods used the form trials of making soap from used cooking oil, counseling about waste cooking oil and

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Mohamoud Ali, Abdullahi, Abdolahi Mohamed Adawe, Said Rajab Abdullahi, and Mohamed Kassim Awow. "WHITENING AND COLOR IMPROVING IN TOILET SOAP MANUFACTURE WITH THE STUDY OF SOME PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 01 (2022): 945–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14128.

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Soap is one of the most effectual cleaning agents in water. Soaps are prepared by the process of saponification reaction. Sodium and potassium salts soap is used for both laundry and antiseptic purposes. Toilet soap is the perfumery and cosmetic product and serves for personal hygiene, so it should have the broadest possible range of specific characteristics. This study was undertaking to address the raw material in soap and method of saponification and manufacturing usage. The study was also conducted some of the physical and chemical properties such as: (pH, Total dissolve solids (TDS), free

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Sutrisno, Sutrisno, Siti Marfu'ah, Husni Wahyu Wijaya, and Tri Prasetia Mena. "Metal soaps of virgin coconut oil: Synthesis, characterization, and its potential physicochemical sunscreen." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 55, no. 1 (2025): 143–52. https://doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2025.3456.

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Salts of fatty acids with metals other than sodium and potassium are known as metal soaps. Triglyceride oil is an excellent source of fatty acids. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a source of fatty acids, with the main content being lauric acid. This study aimed to synthesize zinc, aluminum, magnesium, and calcium soaps from VCO and test their activity as sunscreens. Metal soaps were synthesized from VCO by a double decomposition reaction through sodium-VCO (Na-VCO) soap followed by trans-saponification of Na-VCO soap with chloride salts of zinc, aluminum, magnesium, and calcium giving Zn-VCO, Al-V

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Uduma, Uduma A., Simeon Terkuma Orverem, and Maria B. Uduma. "Production and Analysis of Laundry Soaps from Blended Oils." Journal of Science Research and Reviews 2, no. 2 (2025): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.70882/josrar.2025.v2i2.63.

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Stearic acids or any other fatty acids' sodium or potassium salts are what soaps are. The saponification method, which involves reacting triglyceride-containing oil with caustic soda (NaOH) to produce soap, is how they are made. However, the fatty acid makeup of various oils varies, which accounts for the various qualities of the soaps that are created from them. The aim of this study is to produce and analyze laundry soaps made from blended oils. Four different kinds of oils were used in this study. Four distinct soap samples were created by blending them in varying proportions. To determine

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Nugrahini, Febrina, Nining Sugihartini, and Laela Hayu Nurani. "Pengaruh Jenis Minyak Terhadap Sifat Fisik Sabun Mandi Cair." Jurnal Surya Medika 6, no. 1 (2020): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/jsm.v6i1.1614.

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Soap is obtained from the saponification reaction that occurs between oil and alkaline solution. Various kinds of oils used in soap making also affect the quality of soap. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of oil type on the physical properties of liquid bath soap. This research was divided into 3 groups, coconut oil group (A), VCO oil group (B), and olive oil group (C). Liquid bath soap obtained from each type of oil is tested based on SNI provisions including a soap quality test (oil characteristics test, organoleptic test, pH test, specific gravity, total plate count), vi

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Ainiyah, Roisatul, Cahyaning Riniutami, and Muhannad Illayan Massadeh. "Inhibition of Carica Solid Soap to the Growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis Bacteria." E3S Web of Conferences 374 (2023): 00029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337400029.

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Carica (Carica pubescens Lenne & K. Koch.) contains various nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and active substances that can be used for skin care, and to bath soap products. The purpose of this research was to determine the inhibition of Carica soap to the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. The method used in this study was agar diffusion. Samples in this research were 12 Carica soaps with different formulation, and a control using papaya soap that has been circulating on the market. The results of the study were analyzed using ANOVA with a confidence interval of 5 %. The

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BETNA DEWI, BETNA. "Uji Standar Mutu Sabun padat transparan minyak atsiri sereh wangi ( Cymbopogon nardus L )." Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Ilmiah Kesehatan Politeknik Medica Farma Husada Mataram 7, no. 2 (2021): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33651/jpkik.v7i2.242.

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Transparent solid soap is a bar-shaped soap with a transparent appearance, resulting in a softer foam on the skin and appearance is more shiny than other types of soap. Soap quality standards are needed to determine the quality of soap. This research aims to find out the quality standards of soap formula whether it meets SNI standards. Quality standard tests from the study were taken from transparent soap formulations using the active substances of fragrant lemongrass essential oil on a VCO basis made by the watering method (Fx). Evaluation of the quality standards of transparent solid soaps o

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Scully, Ziv, Mor Harchol-Balter, and Alan Scheller-Wolf. "SOAP." ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 46, no. 1 (2019): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3308809.3308829.

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Boisse, I., X. Bonfils, and N. C. Santos. "SOAP." Astronomy & Astrophysics 545 (September 2012): A109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201219115.

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Rossel, Sven H., and Bent Albrechtsen. "Soap." World Literature Today 67, no. 1 (1993): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40148957.

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Scully, Ziv, Mor Harchol-Balter, and Alan Scheller-Wolf. "SOAP." ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 46, no. 1 (2019): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3292040.3219632.

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JACOBS, MADELEINE. "Soap." Chemical & Engineering News 74, no. 4 (1996): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v074n004.p005.

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Scully, Ziv, Mor Harchol-Balter, and Alan Scheller-Wolf. "SOAP." Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems 2, no. 1 (2018): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3179419.

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McMillan, Sally J. "SOAP BOX OR BOX OF SOAP." Information, Communication & Society 13, no. 6 (2010): 820–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691180903362470.

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Heinze, John E. "Bar Soap and Liquid Soap-Reply." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 253, no. 11 (1985): 1561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1985.03350350054018.

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