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1
Choi, Dookhwan, Moonhyuk Im, and Hyunsoo Kim. "An operation algorithm with state of charge recovery for a parallel-type hybrid vehicle." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 217, no. 9 (September 1, 2003): 801–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095440700321700905.
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In this work, an algorithm for the operation of a hybrid powertrain is proposed for a parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). The operation algorithm suggested in this work yields the operating points where the operational cost of the HEV is minimal at each state of charge (SOC). The operational cost of an HEV is calculated considering both the cost of fossil fuel consumed by the engine and the cost of electricity consumed by the electric motor. A weighting function of SOC, which is inversely proportional to the SOC, is applied to the estimation of electricity cost. By the effect of a weighting function of the SOC, it is expected that the algorithm has the property of SOC recovery. Computer simulations are carried out in order to test the suggested algorithm, and simulation results show that the final SOC is recovered to the middle band of the SOC as the operation of the HEV is continued, regardless of initial SOC values.
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Kumar, Vikas, and Sumit Kumar Mahato. "Comparative outcome analysis of hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, remdesivir and standard of care treatment against COVID-19 infection." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 10, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20205550.
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This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine (HCQ/CQ), remdesivir and standard of care treatment (SOC) in patients with nCoV-19 based on the RCTs available in the literature. We conducted a cumulative review of all the RCTs published for the treatment of nCoV-19. Analysis for odds of patient recovery on HCQ/CQ, remdesivir and SOC treatment was accomplished and recovery was expressed as undetectable viral RNA levels. Total sample size in our analysis was 978 from six RCTs, in which nCoV-19 positive patients treated with HCQ/CQ, remdesivir and SOC were 166,560 and 252, respectively. SOC treatment showed increase in 2-fold of patients’ recovery as compared to the HCQ/CQ group (p=0.0006). Further, patients reported 1.5-3-fold increase in adverse events in remdesivir and HCQ/CQ group as compared to SOC group (p=0.0016 and p<0.0001). Our finding suggests remdesivir or HCQ/CQ ensures no benefit over SOC treatment, which may be attributed to the adverse events exhibited by remdesivir, or inefficacy of HCQ/CQ.
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Weifu, Peng, Zeng Yongjun, Shi Qinghua, and Huang Shan. "Responses of rice yield and the fate of fertilizer nitrogen to soil organic carbon." Plant, Soil and Environment 63, No. 9 (September 26, 2017): 416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/389/2017-pse.
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Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a critical role in rice production, but its feedback to the fate of fertilizer nitrogen (N) is not clear. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the responses of rice yield and the fate of fertilizer N to different SOC levels using <sup>15</sup>N-labelled urea. The results showed that rice biomass, yield and the total N uptake increased significantly with increasing SOC content. Both rice N uptake from soil and urea increased significantly with increasing SOC content. The recovery rate and residual rate of fertilizer N improved significantly with increasing SOC content, leading to a reduced rate of not-specified fertilizer N. Therefore, it was concluded that high SOC could not only improve rice yield and fertilizer N recovery, but also could increase the retention of fertilizer N and decrease the not-specified N in the paddy soil.
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Desyatkin, Alexey, Shinya Iwasaki, Roman Desyatkin, and Ryusuke Hatano. "Changes of Soil C Stock under Establishment and Abandonment of Arable Lands in Permafrost Area—Central Yakutia." Atmosphere 9, no. 8 (August 8, 2018): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9080308.
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Central Yakutia is in one of the most northern agricultural centers of the world. In this territory a notable area of arable land was made by removing the boreal Taiga with the primary purpose of crop cultivation. Such a method of cultivation significantly changes soil total carbon (STC, soil organic carbon + soil carbonate carbon) balance, because of the destroyed upper humus horizon. Soil organic carbon (SOC) of cultivated arable lands is almost a half of that in forest. In abandoned arable lands with grass vegetation, the recovery of SOC has increased to 30% in comparison with cultivated arable lands. On arable lands recovering with new growth of trees, the SOC is related to the abandonment period. Soil carbonates carbon (SCC) content was significantly lower than SOC and showed significant difference among abandoned and other types of arable lands. Objectives of this study are to identify how STC stocks change in response to conversion of the forests to agricultural land and to analyze the arable land system’s recovery process after abandonment. Furthermore, after transformation of forest to arable land, a significant decrease of STC was observed, primarily due to mechanical loss after plant residue removal. It was also identified that the restoration and self-recovery of STC in abandoned arable lands of Central Yakutia continuously and slightly increase. Grass vegetation regenerates STC for 20 years. While the difference of average STC of forests and cultivated arable lands reached 41%, a new growth of forest on some abandoned arable land follows the tendency of STC decrease due to a low productivity level and suppressing effect on grass vegetation.
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Périé, Catherine, and Rock Ouimet. "Organic carbon, organic matter and bulk density relationships in boreal forest soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 88, no. 3 (May 2, 2008): 315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss06008.
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Relationships between soil organic carbon (SOC), organic matter (SOM), and bulk density (BD) were established in acidic loamy to sandy loam fine fractions of forest soils in Quebec (Canada). The interest of such relationships rests with the possibility of using simple and rapid techniques to estimate SOC and BD. It is also a crucial step in establishing the correspondence among several databases when SOC data are obtained using different measurement techniques. In this study, SOC was measuredby dry combustion (SOCNDC) and wet digestion (SOCWD) methods, and organic matter by loss-on-ignition (LOI). Our results suggest that, in these soils: (1) LOI can be used for estimating SOC (r2 = 0.95, RMSEP = 16%) and SOCDC/SOM significantly decreased with increasing depth from 0.49 to 0.27; (2) SOCDC and SOCWD were highly correlated. Even if SOCWD provided near complete recovery of SOCDC, dry combustion remains the preferred method for SOC analysis since recovery decreased with increasing depth from 100 to 83%. (3) BD was also strongly related to SOM(r2 = 0.81). We recommend using the organic density approach to estimate BD from SOM because it allows BD to be predicted without significant bias and with a degree of accuracy of 14%. Key words: Forest soils, soil organic carbon, soil organic matter, soil bulk density
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Tan, Zhuangxi, Xinran Li, Li He, Yong Li, and Jiyuan Huang. "Primary frequency control with BESS considering adaptive SoC recovery." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 117 (May 2020): 105588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.105588.
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Liu, Man, Guilin Han, Zichuan Li, Qian Zhang, and Zhaoliang Song. "Soil organic carbon sequestration in soil aggregates in the karst Critical Zone Observatory, Southwest China." Plant, Soil and Environment 65, No. 5 (May 27, 2019): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/602/2018-pse.
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Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in aggregates under land use change have been widely concerned due to intimate impacts on the sink (or source) of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>). However, the quantitative relationship between soil aggregation and SOC sequestration under land uses change has been poorly studied. Distribution of aggregates, SOC contents in bulk soils and different size aggregates and their contributions to SOC sequestration were determined under different land uses in the Puding Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, karst Critical Zone Observatory (CZO), Southwest China. Soil aggregation and SOC sequestration increased in the processes of farmland abandonment and recovery. SOC contents in micro-aggregates were larger than those in macro-aggregates in restored land soils, while the opposite results in farmland soils were obtained, probably due to the hindrance of the C-enriched SOC transport from macro-aggregate into micro-aggregate by the disturbance of agricultural activities. SOC contents in macro-aggregates exponentially increased with their proportions along successional land uses. Macro-aggregates accounted for over 80% on the SOC sequestration in restored land soils, while they accounted for 31–60% in farmland soils. These results indicated that macro-aggregates have a great potential for SOC sequestration in karst soils.
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Clayton, Jessica, Kathleen Lemanski, and Michael Bonkowski. "Shifts in soil microbial stoichiometry and metabolic quotient provide evidence for a critical tipping point at 1% soil organic carbon in an agricultural post-mining chronosequence." Biology and Fertility of Soils 57, no. 3 (January 16, 2021): 435–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00374-020-01532-2.
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AbstractSoil microbial C:N:P stoichiometry and microbial maintenance respiration (i.e. metabolic quotient, qCO2) were monitored along a nutrient gradient in soils from a 52-year space-for-time chronosequence of reclaimed agricultural land after brown-coal mining. Land reclamation produced loess soils of initially low (0.2%) SOC. Consecutive agricultural land management led to a gradual recovery of SOC contents. Our data revealed sudden shifts in microbial stoichiometry and metabolic quotient with increasing SOC at a critical value of 1% SOC. As SOC increased, accrual rate of C into microbial biomass decreased, whereas microbial N increased. Simultaneously, metabolic quotient strongly decreased with increasing SOC until the same critical value of 1% SOC and remained at a constant low thereafter. The microbial fractions of the soil in samples containing < 1% SOC were out of stoichiometric equilibrium and were inefficient at immobilising C due to high maintenance respiration. Increasing SOC above the threshold value shifted the soil microbes towards a new equilibrium where N became growth limiting, leading to a more efficient acquisition of C. The shift in microbial N accrual was preluded by high variation in microbial biomass N in soils containing 0.5–0.9% SOC indicative of a regime shift between microbial stoichiometric equilibria. Our data may help in establishing a quantitative framework for SOC targets that, along with agricultural intensification, may better support feedback mechanisms for a sustainable accrual of C in soils.
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Han, Chun-Lan, Zhong-Xiu Sun, Shuai Shao, Qiu-Bing Wang, Zamir Libohova, and Phillip Ray Owens. "Changes of Soil Organic Carbon after Wildfire in a Boreal Forest, Northeast CHINA." Agronomy 11, no. 10 (September 25, 2021): 1925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11101925.
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Boreal forests with high carbon sequestration capacity play a crucial role in mitigating global climate change. Addressing dynamic changes of soil organic carbon (SOC) after wildfire helps in understanding carbon cycling. The objective of this study is to investigate changes in soil organic carbon after wildfires in a boreal forest. The post-fire soil chronosequence after 3 months, 17 years, and 25 years within a boreal forest was used to examine dynamic and stable SOC after wildfire at the decadal scale. Soils in genetic horizons were sampled and analyzed for dynamic and stable SOC, including water stable aggregates (WSA), WSA associated organic carbon (WSA-SOC), soil heavy fractions (HF) associated organic carbon (HF-SOC), and soil total organic carbon (TOC). The TOC and WSA-SOC content of the A horizon was the greatest in the control site. There was no significant difference for TOC between burned and unburned deep BC horizons. The TOC for the A and B horizons at the 17-year-old site was significantly lower compared to the other sites. TOC did not recover to the pre-fire levels (control site) in any of the burned areas. The lowest WSA was found in the A and B horizons of the 3-month-old site. The WSA at the 25-year-old site was higher compared to the 17-year-old site. WSA increased with time following fire, but the recovery rate differed among different sites. The lowest concentration of WSA-SOC for the A horizon occurred at the 17-year-old site, and no significant difference was observed between B and BC horizons. The HF content for the A horizon was the greatest at the 3-month-old site. There was no significant difference in HF-SOC between B and BC horizons in all sites. TOC and stable SOC (HF and WSA) increased over time in species-dominance relay stand areas, while self-replacement stands areas showed the opposite. The results indicate that overall, the ability of soil to sequester carbon decreased after wildfire disturbances. Stable SOC accumulated more in areas where species-dominance relay succession occurred compared to the self-replacement stands. These disturbances were more pronounced for surface soil horizons. This study provides a quantitative assessment of SOC changes after wildfires that are useful for forest management and modeling forecasts of SOC stocks, especially in boreal forests.
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Ferreira, Ademir de Oliveira, and Telmo Jorge Carneiro Amado. "Soc Recovery Pathway Beyond Topsoil Under Conservation Agriculture Farming Systems." Current Agriculture Research Journal 9, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.9.3.01.
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Chakya, Vikal Chandra, Chandra Shekhar Agrawal, Amit Bahadur Shrestha, Anju Pradhan, Prakash Poudel, Pannalal Sah, and Shailesh Adhikary. "Colonic Strictures after Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Infants: Case Series." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 31, no. 2 (May 6, 2011): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v31i2.4181.
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The fate of neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis is variable, with colonic strictures being one rare phenomenon after the insult. We describe here two infants with colonic strictures, which developed secondary to neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Infants recovered or in the process of recovery after it should be investigated for possibility of development of colonic strictures. Keywords: Colonic strictures; necrotizing enterocolitis; barium enema; stoma DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v31i2.4181 J Nep Paedtr Soc 2010;31(2):127-129
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Daramola, Damilola, and Jason Trembly. "(Invited) Electrified Resource Recovery Via Nutrient Reduction from Wastewater." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 40 (July 7, 2022): 1812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01401812mtgabs.
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Significant anthropogenic activity has been crucial in maintaining global population growth by fixing macronutrients required for crop growth into the soil. Two of these macronutrients – nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) – are also responsible for detrimental environmental impact via eutrophication. This eutrophication is driven by excess application of inorganic fertilizer products and organic animal waste from animal feeding operations; components that eventually end up in natural bodies of water due to erosion and leaching. Furthermore, in digester-equipped municipal wastewater treatment facilities, elevated N and P levels in the liquid stream recycled to the head of the facility drives increased resource consumption for nutrient reduction: chemicals for P management and energy for N management. Therefore, opportunities exist to simultaneously minimize environmental impact and energy consumption through improved nutrient management techniques, thus addressing issues at the Food-Energy-Water nexus. Various electrochemical techniques are in early-stage development for an electrified approach to recovering these nutrients and reducing their environmental impact including bio-electrochemical1, electro-deionization2 and electrocoagulation3 approaches. This talk will focus on the indirect electrochemical approach: oxygen/water reduction to promote favorable pH conditions at the electrode surface for nutrient precipitation. Preliminary work4,5 has shown the viability and utility of this approach for nitrogen and phosphorus reduction in synthetic wastewater simulating animal waste. Additional findings describing the impact of competing ions, mass transport and electrolyte thermodynamics on nutrient reduction and recovery will be presented at the conference. An outlook on how this approach impacts energy consumption within the context of decarbonization of the manufacturing sector will also be discussed. References Y. Lei et al., ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., 7, 8860–8867 (2019). Y. Bian, X. Chen, L. Lu, P. Liang, and Z. J. Ren, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., 7, 7844–7850 (2019). L. Kékedy-Nagy et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 142, 18844–18858 (2020). Z. Belarbi and J. P. Trembly, J. Electrochem. Soc., 165, E685–E693 (2018). Z. Belarbi, D. A. Daramola, and J. P. Trembly, J. Electrochem. Soc., 167, 155524 (2020).
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Zhang, Zhong Wei. "Study on Hybrid Vehicle Regenerative Braking Control Parameters Affecting to Vehicle Performance Analysis and Simulation." Key Engineering Materials 579-580 (September 2013): 745–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.579-580.745.
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In the hybrid vehicle applied basic research and engineering development, regenerative braking is to reduce energy consumption, reduce emissions and increase the driving range of the important means. According to the different hybrid vehicle driving conditions, how to use regenerative braking control parameters, thereby enhancing the braking energy recovery, is a hybrid car regenerative braking system of the heart. In this paper, the regenerative braking control parameters of the hybrid electric vehicle, by a reasonable choice of regenerative braking of the hybrid vehicle control parameters can increase the regenerative braking energy recovery, for reducing fuel consumption and maintain SOC are benefits. Computer Numerical simulation and simulation results show that the regenerative brake control parameters for hybrid vehicle fuel consumption and greater impact on the SOC, and the regenerative braking may affect the minimum speed limit of the regenerative braking effect, the lower the minimum speed limit the greater the braking energy recovery, thesis research is regenerative braking hybrid vehicle control parameters selected to provide a reference.
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Quezada, Juan Carlos, Andres Etter, Jaboury Ghazoul, Alexandre Buttler, and Thomas Guillaume. "Carbon neutral expansion of oil palm plantations in the Neotropics." Science Advances 5, no. 11 (November 2019): eaaw4418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw4418.
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Alternatives to ecologically devastating deforestation land use change trajectories are needed to reduce the carbon footprint of oil palm (OP) plantations in the tropics. Although various land use change options have been proposed, so far, there are no empirical data on their long-term ecosystem carbon pools effects. Our results demonstrate that pasture-to-OP conversion in savanna regions does not change ecosystem carbon storage, after 56 years in Colombia. Compared to rainforest conversion, this alternative land use change reduces net ecosystem carbon losses by 99.7 ± 9.6%. Soil organic carbon (SOC) decreased until 36 years after conversion, due to a fast decomposition of pasture-derived carbon, counterbalancing the carbon gains in OP biomass. The recovery of topsoil carbon content, suggests that SOC stocks might partly recover during a third plantation cycle. Hence, greater OP sustainability can be achieved if its expansion is oriented toward pasture land.
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Tian, Guizhen, Yuding Zheng, Guangchen Liu, and Jianwei Zhang. "SOC Balancing and Coordinated Control Based on Adaptive Droop Coefficient Algorithm for Energy Storage Units in DC Microgrid." Energies 15, no. 8 (April 17, 2022): 2943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15082943.
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In order to achieve a state-of-charge (SOC) balance among multiple energy storage units (MESUs) in an islanded DC microgrid, a SOC balancing and coordinated control strategy based on the adaptive droop coefficient algorithm for MESUs is proposed. When the SOC deviation is significant, the droop coefficient for an energy storage unit (ESU) with a higher (or lower) SOC is set to a minimum value when discharging (or charging). The ESU with the higher (or lower) SOC is controlled to discharge (or charge) with the rated power, while the other ESU compensates for the remaining power when the demanded discharging (or charging) power is greater than the rated power of the individual ESU. Otherwise, when the demanded discharging (or charging) power is lower than the rated power of either ESU, the ESU with the higher (or lower) SOC releases (or absorbs) almost all the required power while the other ESU barely absorbs or releases power, thus quickly realizing SOC balancing. When the SOC deviation is slight, the fuzzy logic algorithm dynamically adjusts the droop coefficient and changes the power distribution relationship to balance the SOC accurately. Furthermore, a bus voltage recovery control scheme is employed to regulate the bus voltage, thus improving the voltage quality. The energy coordinated management strategy is adopted to ensure the power balance and stabilize the bus voltage in the DC microgrid. A simulation model is built in MATLAB/Simulink, and the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy in achieving fast and accurate SOC balance and regulating the bus voltage.
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Wasli, M. E., N. N. C. Laujang, K. Meekiong, H. Nahrawi, Z. Shabdin, H. Elias, M. A. Mohd Raffi, and M. Sidi. "Estimating soil organic carbon at Takasago UNIMAS Educational Forest for forest rehabilitation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1053, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1053/1/012006.
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Abstract Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) has long been known as an indicator of soil health. This study aims to estimate the amount of SOC at Takasago-UNIMAS Educational Forest, a post-construction site, for forest rehabilitation. Since 2018, rehabilitation approaches have been conducted in the UNIMAS campus to restore these land areas via enrichment planting. The estimation of SOC was conducted at three sites; Secondary Forest (SF), Enrichment Planting site (2018) (EP18) and Enrichment Planting site (2019) (EP19). In each study plot, soil samples from different depths were collected for further analysis. Our findings showed that the soils in SF portray the highest amount of Total Carbon and Nitrogen, suggesting that this site may not have been considerably affected due to the past land use. Moreover, the estimation of SOC in all sites indicated that SF shows the highest mean at 2007.0 g/m2 at the soil depth of 0-30cm, followed by EP18 and EP19. From the estimation, it can be concluded that although the period of establishment in EP18 and EP19 may have contributed to the lower SOC as compared to SF, the SOC estimation from this study could be a value-added option in determining the state of soil recovery and, possibly, the effectiveness of enrichment planting for forest rehabilitation.
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Song, Shi Gang, Xiao Ping Li, and Ze Chang Sun. "Study on the Charging Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles Regenerative Braking." Advanced Materials Research 853 (December 2013): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.853.389.
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In order to evaluate the lithium-ion battery charging during electric vehicles regenerative braking, by testing on different initial SOC, charging current and temperature, the charging curves of lithium-ion battery are drawn under different conditions, and various parameters are derived. Based on a single factor in the impact of change on energy recovery, analyzed the influencing factors of coupling mechanism. Get approximation functions between energy recovery and multi-factor using multiple regression analysis method, and built energy recovery models. According to some experimentation with measured value and the calculated value, indicated the set of polynomials energy recovery model efficiency.
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Liu, Dan, Zhiguo Yu, and Junjie Lin. "Application of Combustion Module Coupled with Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy for Simultaneous Measurement of SOC and δ13C-SOC." Journal of Spectroscopy 2018 (2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6893454.
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Quantifying the decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions under climate change is essential to predict carbon-climate feedbacks. The accuracy and utility of a combustion module coupled with cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CM-CRDS) system were assessed for simultaneously determining SOC and δ13C-SOC. Using a range of standard materials as well as soil samples, we compared the results of the CM-CRDS system with those from other systems for determining C content and δ13C value. The CM-CRDS system can determine a vast range of δ13C values from −7.639‰ to −34.318‰. The δ13C values measured at C content > 0.2 mg C, corresponding to 1000 ppmv of CO2, were relatively stable. However, below a content of 0.2 mg C, the δ13C values appeared unsteady and seemed to be affected by background signal. We found that, with the increase of C content, the recovery rates (RRs) for soil samples also increased. On the contrary, the RRs for inorganic materials were much lower than organic material and soil samples. Overall, the CM-CRDS system provides a valid alternative method to determine SOC and δ13C-SOC for a sample simultaneously.
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Zhang, Ping Ping, Yan Le Zhang, Jun Chao Jia, Yong Xing Cui, Xia Wang, Xing Chang Zhang, and Yun Qiang Wang. "Revegetation pattern affecting accumulation of organic carbon and total nitrogen in reclaimed mine soils." PeerJ 8 (March 11, 2020): e8563. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8563.
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Selecting optimal revegetation patterns, i.e., patterns that are more effective for soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) accumulation, is particularly important for mine land reclamation. However, there have been few evaluations of the effects of different revegetation patterns on the SOC and TN in reclaimed mine soils on the Loess Plateau, China. In this study, the SOC and TN stocks were investigated at reclaimed mine sites (RMSs), including artificially revegetated sites (ARSs) (arbors (Ar), bushes (Bu), arbor-bush mixtures (AB), and grasslands (Gr)) and a natural recovery site (NRS), as well as at undisturbed native sites (UNSs). Overall, the SOC and TN stocks in the RMSs were lower than those in the UNSs over 10–13 years after reclamation. The SOC stocks in the RMSs and UNSs only differed in the top 0–20 cm of the soil (p < 0.05). Except for those in Ar, the SOC and TN stocks in the ARSs were significantly larger than those in the NRS (p < 0.05). Compared with those in the NRS, the total SOC stocks in the 100 cm soil interval increased by 51.4%, 59.9%, and 109.9% for Bu, AB, and Gr, respectively, and the TN stocks increased by 33.1%, 35.1%, and 57.9%. The SOC stocks in the 0–100 cm soil interval decreased in the order of Gr (3.78 kg m−2) > AB (2.88 kg m−2) ≥ Bu (2.72 kg m−2), and the TN stocks exhibited a similar trend. These results suggest that grasslands were more favorable than woodlands for SOC and TN accumulation in this arid area. Thus, in terms of the accumulation of SOC and TN, grassland planting is recommended as a revegetation pattern for areas with reclaimed mine soils.
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Xu, Hongwei, Qing Qu, Peng Li, Ziqi Guo, Entemake Wulan, and Sha Xue. "Stocks and Stoichiometry of Soil Organic Carbon, Total Nitrogen, and Total Phosphorus after Vegetation Restoration in the Loess Hilly Region, China." Forests 10, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10010027.
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The Loess Plateau is an important region for vegetation restoration in China; however, changes in soil organic carbon (SOC), soil nutrients, and stoichiometry after restoration in this vulnerable ecoregion are not well understood. Typical restoration types, including orchardland, grassland, shrubland, and forestland, were chosen to examine changes in the stocks and stoichiometry of SOC, soil total nitrogen (TN), and soil total phosphorus (TP) at different soil depths and recovery times. Results showed that SOC stocks first increased and then stabilized in orchardland, grassland, and shrubland at 0–30 cm depths, while in forestland, SOC stocks gradually increased. Soil TN stocks first increased and then decreased in orchardland, shrubland, and forestland with restoration age at 0–30 cm depths, while soil TP stocks showed little variation between restoration types; at the same time, the overall C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios increased with restoration age. In the later stages of restoration, the stocks of SOC and soil TN at 0–30 cm soil depths were still lower than those in natural grassland and natural forest. Additionally, the SOC, soil TN, and soil TP stocks and the C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios decreased with soil depth. The forestland had the highest rate of change in SOC and soil TN stocks, at 0–10 cm soil depth. These results indicate a complex response of SOC, soil TN, and soil TP stocks and stoichiometry to vegetation restoration, which could have important implications for understanding C, N, and P changes and nutrient limitations after vegetation restoration.
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Xu, Huibo, Songtao Wu, and Jessica Ann Diehl. "The Influence of Harbin Forest–River Ecological Corridor Construction on the Restoration of Mollisols in Cold Regions of China." Forests 13, no. 5 (April 22, 2022): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13050652.
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Artificial ecological corridors (AECs) are internationally approved ecological restoration and climate mitigation strategies. The width and recovery time indices of AECs directly affect the restoration efficiency of degraded soil nutrients. However, there is a lack of comprehensive and quantitative evaluation research on the construction factors of AECs from the perspective of soil fertility improvement. This research aimed to examine the critical ecological corridor construction factors affecting Mollisols’ eco-chemometrics and give a scientific scope. We collected 55 Mollisol samples at different restoration years (0–35 years) and different distances (0–280 m) from the AEC of the Ashi River, a typical Mollisol restoration area in Harbin, and the cold regions of China. We measured the distances, restoration years, soil thickness, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil total organic carbon (SOC), soil total organic matter (SOM), dry matter content (DMC), and the proportion of nitrogen (TN), phosphorus (TP) and potassium (TK). The results are as follows: (1) Within the AEC, there were significant differences in soil stoichiometric characteristics in different restoration years and locations; after restoration for 10–35 years, the soil stoichiometric characteristics reach or exceed the reference value of Mollisols. (2) It is feasible to restore large-scale degraded Mollisols through ecological corridors. In this recovery process, the soil nutrients first decreased, then increased, and finally reached and exceeded the reference value of normal Mollisols. (3) Soil nutrient accumulation was related to ecological corridor width and recovery time. The recommended unilateral width of the ecological corridor based on Mollisols’ CEC and SOC indices for restoration is 175–225 m, and the restoration period is 22.7–35 years based on Mollisols’ EC and SOC indices for restoration. This study demonstrated the change mechanism of Mollisols in AECs based on recovery time and location, and provided the basis for the Chinese government to formulate policies for Mollisol remediation.
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Yoon, Hyuk-Jin, Keum-Tark Lee, Joo-Sung Kim, and Tai-Woo Chang. "Design and Implementation of Web-Based Support System for Disaster Damage Recovery of SOC Facility." Journal of Society for e-Business Studies 20, no. 4 (November 30, 2015): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7838/jsebs.2015.20.4.227.
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Van Loo, Pascalle L. P., Nynke Kuin, René Sommer, Harut Avsaroglu, Therese Pham, and Vera Baumans. "Impact of 'living apart together' on postoperative recovery of mice compared with social and individual housing." Laboratory Animals 41, no. 4 (October 1, 2007): 441–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367707782314328.
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Social housing is the optimal way of housing female laboratory mice. However, individual housing may be required in experimental designs, for example after surgery. We therefore investigated whether housing two female mice in a cage, separated by a grid partition ('living apart together', LAT), counters the adverse effects of individual housing on postoperative recovery. Ten individually housed (IND) mice, nine socially housed (SOC) mice and nine mice, housed LAT, were surgically implanted with a telemetry transmitter. From one week prior to surgery until three weeks thereafter, several physiological and behavioural parameters were measured in the mice subjected to surgery. The telemetry transmitter measured heart rate (HR), body temperature and activity continuously. Body weight, food and water intake were scored regularly, as were wound healing, ease of handling, nest building and behaviour. Results indicated that SOC mice appear to be less affected by abdominal surgery than IND mice, as indicated by HR and behaviour. LAT, however, did not appear to be beneficiary to the mice. Increased HR levels and differences in behaviour as compared with both SOC and IND animals indicate that LAT may even be the most stressful of the three housing conditions. We therefore conclude that mice benefit most from social housing after surgery. If, however, social housing is not possible, individual housing appears to be a better option than separating mice by a grid partition.
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Novara, A., M. Pulido, J. Rodrigo-Comino, S. Di Prima, P. Smith, L. Gristina, A. Gimenez-Morera, E. Terol, D. Salesa, and S. Keesstra. "Long-term organic farming on a citrus plantation results in soil organic carbon recovery." Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 45, no. 1 (June 18, 2019): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/cig.3794.
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It has been shown that soil management under organic farming can enhance soil organic carbon, thereby mitigating atmospheric greenhouse gas increases, but until now quantitative evaluations based on long term experiments are scarce, especially under Mediterranean conditions. Changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) content were examined in response to organic management with cover crops in a Mediterranean citrus plantation using 21 years of survey data. Soil organic carbon increase was more apparent 5 years after a land management change suggesting that, for citrus plantations on Mediterranean conditions, studies should be longer than five years in duration. Soil organic carbon sequestration rate did not significantly change during the 21 years of observation, with values ranging from -1.10 Mg C ha-1 y-1 to 1.89 Mg C ha-1 y-1. After 21 years, 61 Mg CO2 ha-1 were sequestered in long-lived soil C pools. These findings demonstrate that organic management is an effective strategy to restore or increase SOC content in Mediterranean citrus systems.
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Arcaya, Mariana, Ethan J. Raker, and Mary C. Waters. "The Social Consequences of Disasters: Individual and Community Change." Annual Review of Sociology 46, no. 1 (July 30, 2020): 671–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-121919-054827.
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We review findings from the last decade of research on the effects of disasters, concentrating on three important themes: the differences between the recovery of places versus people, the need to differentiate between short- and long-term recovery trajectories, and the changing role of government and how it has exacerbated inequality in recovery and engendered feedback loops that create greater vulnerability. We reflect the focus of the majority of sociological studies on disasters by concentrating our review on studies in the United States, but we also include studies on disasters throughout the world if they contribute to our empirical and theoretical understanding of disasters and their impacts. We end with a discussion of the inevitability of more severe disasters as climate change progresses and call on social scientists to develop new concepts and to use new methods to study these developments.
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Cabanillas, M. E., D. A. Thomas, H. Kantarjian, G. N. Mattiuzzi, B. N. Bekele, M. C. Foudray, J. L. Cassat, and J. E. Cortes. "Epoetin-alpha compared to standard of care decreases number of packed red blood cell transfusions in patients receiving hyper-CVAD for acute lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoblastic lymphoma, and Burkitt’s lymphoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 7075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.7075.
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7075 Background: Anemia is common in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), lymphoblastic lymphoma (LL), and Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) treated with chemotherapy and is associated with poor cancer control. Studies have shown that mild correction of anemia is associated with a significant improvement in quality of life. The current standard of care (SOC) for treatment of anemia in ALL, LL, BL is packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions. Objectives: To evaluate if EPO 1)decreases number/frequency of transfusions, and 2) adversely influences the complete remission (CR) rate. Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed ALL, LL, or BL receiving hyper-CVAD were randomized to EPO vs SOC within 14 days of starting chemotherapy. EPO dose was 40,000 units SQ weekly and escalated to 60,000 units after 4 weeks if indicated. Both arms received PRBC transfusions as per guidelines. Patients were considered evaluable if they had been on the study for at least 5 weeks. Results: 46 of 70 patients were evaluable: 16 ALL, 4 BL, and 3 LL on EPO (total 23) and 20 ALL, 1 BL, 2 LL in the SOC arm (total 23). The 2 groups were comparable in baseline hemoglobin and number of courses of chemotherapy completed. Median baseline erythroepoietin level was 299 (r 12–10,532) in the EPO arm vs. 104 (r 7–491; p=0.02) in the SOC arm. Time to neutrophil and platelet recovery was comparable in both arms. All patients with ALL (both arms) achieved a CR. One patient with LL on the EPO arm had no response to chemotherapy while all patients with BL and LL on the SOC arm achieved a CR. Conclusions: 1) EPO significantly decreased the frequency and number of PRBC transfusions in patients with ALL, LL, and BL on hyper-CVAD. 2) EPO does not affect recovery of other cell lines. 3) Use of EPO does not appear to have an adverse impact on CR rates in patients with ALL. No significant financial relationships to disclose. [Table: see text]
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She, Dongli, Gao Xuemei, Song Jingru, Luis Carlos Timm, and Wei Hu. "Soil organic carbon estimation with topographic properties in artificial grassland using a state-space modeling approach." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 94, no. 4 (August 2014): 503–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss2013-060.
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She, D., Xuemei, G., Jingru, S., Timm, L. C. and Hu, W. 2014. Soil organic carbon estimation with topographic properties in artificial grassland using a state-space modeling approach. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 503–514. Knowledge of the distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) in artificial grasslands in semiarid areas is helpful in optimizing management for soil fertility recovery and carbon sequestration. Accurate estimation of SOC with easy-to-obtain topographic properties can save considerable labor and cost as well as protect the grassland from being disturbed by intensive soil sampling. In our study, a total of 113 sampling points were setup within a patch of artificial grassland in a small catchment located in the north Loess Plateau of China. State-space modeling and traditional linear regression were used to estimate the localized variation of SOC in the 0- to 20-cm surface soil layer using five selected topographic properties (elevation, slope, aspect, plan curvature, and surface soil roughness). Soil surface roughness and plan curvature were identified as the most effective variables for SOC estimation in state-space models. Soil surface roughness and plan curvature explained 92.5% and 84.5% of the total variation of SOC, respectively. The best state-space model was the one using both plan curvature and surface soil roughness, explaining 94.5% of the total variation of SOC, whereas the best linear regression model could only explain 15.9% of the total variation of SOC. The results indicate that all the derived state-space models performed better than the equivalent linear regression models. Our study provides an insight into the possibility of accurate estimation of SOC only using one or two easy-to-obtain topographic properties with state-space modeling approach.
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Lu, Mengzhen, Kunping Liu, Lijin Zhang, Fuping Zeng, Tongqing Song, Wanxia Peng, and Hu Du. "Stoichiometric Variation in Soil Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Following Cropland Conversion to Forest in Southwest China." Forests 13, no. 8 (July 22, 2022): 1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13081155.
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Soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) are three essential soil nutrients for plant growth, and their stoichiometric ratios are already important indices of elemental balance and the soil fertility status in soil ecosystems. The evolution mechanism of the SOC, Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP), and stoichiometry following the “conversion of cropland to forest program” (CCFP) in southwest China is not yet clear. Seven different CCFP restoration models, including Zenia insignis (RD), Toona sinensis (XC), Castanea mollissima (BL), Citrus reticulate (GJ), Zenia insignis and Guimu-1 elephant grass (RG), Guimu-1 elephant grass (GM), and abandoned cropland (LH), were chosen to explore changes in the concentration and stoichiometry of the SOC, TN, and TP, and their recovery times, at a depth of 0–100 cm. The results indicate that the SOC and TN concentrations in different restoration models all increased with restoration years in the topsoil, whereas the soil TP concentration remained relatively stable. The soil C:N and C:P ratios increased with increasing restoration years in the topsoil, whereas the N: P ratio was relatively stable over time. After ten years of reforestation, the SOC and TN concentrations decreased as the soil layer increased. The effects of the restoration model on the C: N ratios were greater in shallow soils. Our results suggest a complex reaction of SOC, soil TN, and soil TP concentrations and stoichiometry to the vegetation restoration mode, particularly in the topsoil. This research further improves the understanding of SOC, N, and P interactions and restricted nutrition, and provides relevant theoretical support for vegetation restoration in the southwest karst region.
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Werdecker, Lena, and Tobias Esch. "Burnout, satisfaction and happiness among German general practitioners (GPs): A cross-sectional survey on health resources and stressors." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): e0253447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253447.
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Well-being is a major issue among health care professionals, especially physicians. Less job satisfaction and impaired health can have an impact on health care quality. Our aim was to examine the association of stressors (illegitimate tasks) and health related resources (work-related sense of coherence; recovery experience) with life satisfaction, happiness, job satisfaction and burnout among German general practitioners (GPs). We conducted a cross-sectional survey among general medical practices in Germany. Main outcome measures were life satisfaction, happiness (Subjective Happiness Scale), job satisfaction (Work Satisfaction Scale) and burnout (Copenhagen Burnout Inventory). 548 GPs from across Germany participated (53.6% males, 45.6% females; mostly representative of German GPs). One third (35.2%) of the participants reported a high prevalence of personal, and one quarter (26.5%) indicated a high prevalence of work-related burnout symptoms. Illegitimate tasks are negatively associated with life and job satisfaction and are positively associated with personal, work-related and patient-related burnout among GPs. Work-SoC and recovery experience are positively associated with life satisfaction, happiness, and job satisfaction and are negatively associated with personal, work-related and patient-related burnout. Female physicians have a higher job satisfaction than male physicians. Being female and working as an employed physician is associated with a higher prevalence of personal burnout symptoms. GPs working in a group practice are happier and more satisfied with their job than GPs in single practices. Personal, work-related and patient-related burnout symptoms are stronger in GPs working in a single practice than in GPs in group practices. Our results highlight that Work-SoC, recovery experience and illegitimate tasks are important for creating work-related well-being among GPs. Introducing health promotion activities which aim to strengthen recovery experience and Work-SoC, as well as interventions to restructure tasks, may increase life satisfaction, happiness, and job satisfaction and reduce burnout symptoms in this health care profession.
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Lu, N., J. Liski, R. Y. Chang, A. Akujärvi, X. Wu, T. T. Jin, Y. F. Wang, and B. J. Fu. "Soil organic carbon dynamics of black locust plantations in the middle Loess Plateau area of China." Biogeosciences 10, no. 11 (November 7, 2013): 7053–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7053-2013.
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Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the largest terrestrial carbon pool and sensitive to land use and cover change; its dynamics are critical for carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. In this study, we combined a modeling approach and field measurements to examine the temporal dynamics of SOC following afforestation (Robinia pseudoacacia) of former arable land at six sites under different climatic conditions in the Loess Plateau during 1980–2010, where the annual mean precipitation ranging from 450 mm to 600 mm. The results showed that the measured mean SOC increased to levels higher than before afforestation when taking the last measurements (i.e., at age 25 to 30 yr) at all the sites, although it decreased at the wetter sites in the first few years. The accumulation rates of SOC were 1.58 to 6.22% yr−1 in the upper 20 cm and 1.62 to 5.15% yr−1in the upper 40 cm of soil. The simulations reproduced the basic characteristics of measured SOC dynamics, suggesting that litter input and climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) were the major causes for SOC dynamics and the differences among the sites. They explained 88–96, 48–86 and 57–74% of the variations in annual SOC changes at the soil depths of 0–20, 0–40, and 0–100 cm, respectively. Notably, the simulated SOC decreased during the first few years at all the sites, although the magnitudes of decreases were smaller at the drier sites. This suggested that the modeling may be advantageous in capturing SOC changes at finer timescale. The discrepancy between the simulation and measurement was a result of uncertainties in model structure, data input, and sampling design. Our findings indicated that afforestation promoted soil carbon sequestration at the study sites during 1980–2010. Afforestation activities should decrease soil disturbances to reduce carbon release in the early stage. The long-term strategy for carbon fixation capability of the plantations should also consider the climate and site conditions, species adaptability, and successional stage of recovery.
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Lu, N., J. Liski, R. Y. Chang, A. Akujärvi, X. Wu, T. T. Jin, Y. F. Wang, and B. J. Fu. "Soil organic carbon dynamics following afforestation in the Loess Plateau of China." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 7 (July 8, 2013): 11181–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-11181-2013.
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Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the largest terrestrial carbon pool and sensitive to land use and cover change; its dynamics is critical for carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. In this study, we combined a modeling approach and field measurements to examine the temporal dynamics of SOC following afforestation of former arable land at six sites under different climatic conditions in the Loess Plateau during 1980–2010. The results showed that the measured mean SOC increased to levels higher than before afforestation when taking the last measurements (i.e., at age 25 to 30 yr), although it decreased in the first few years at the wetter sites. The accumulation rates of SOC were 1.58 to 6.22% yr–1 in the upper 20 cm and 1.62 to 5.15% yr–1 in the upper 40 cm of soil. The simulations reproduced the basic characteristics of measured SOC dynamics, suggesting that litter input and climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) were the major causes for SOC dynamics and the differences among the sites. They explained 88–96, 48–86 and 57–74% of the variations in annual SOC changes at the soil depths of 0–20, 0–40, and 0–100 cm, respectively. Notably, the simulated SOC decreased during the first few years at all the sites, although the magnitudes of decreases were small at the drier sites. This suggested that the modeling may be advantageous in capturing SOC changes at finer time scale. The discrepancy between the simulation and measurement was a result of uncertainties in model structure, data input, and sampling design. Our findings indicated that afforestation promoted soil carbon sequestration at the study sites, which is favorable for further restoration of the vegetation and environment. Afforestation activities should decrease soil disturbances to reduce carbon release in the early stage. The long-term strategy for carbon fixation capability of the plantations should also consider the climate and site conditions, species adaptability, and successional stage of recovery.
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Datta, Ujjwal, Akhtar Kalam, and Juan Shi. "Battery Energy Storage System for Aggregated Inertia-Droop Control and a Novel Frequency Dependent State-of-Charge Recovery." Energies 13, no. 8 (April 18, 2020): 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13082003.
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To deal with the technical challenges of renewable energy penetration, this paper focuses on improving the grid voltage and frequency responses in a hybrid renewable energy source integrated power system following load and generation contingency events. A consolidated methodology is proposed to employ a battery energy storage system (BESS) to contribute to voltage regulation through droop-type control and frequency regulation by assimilated inertia emulation (IE) and droop-type control. In addition, a novel frequency-dependent state-of-charge (SOC) recovery (FDSR) is presented to regulate BESS power consumption within the FDSR constraints and recharge the battery during idle periods whenever needed. The efficacy of the proposed BESS controller is demonstrated in an IEEE-9 bus system with a 22.5% photovoltaics (PV) and wind penetration level. The simulation results obtained manifest the satisfactory performance of the proposed controller in regulating simultaneous voltage and frequency in terms of lower rate of change of frequency and better frequency nadir. Furthermore, the proposed FDSR demonstrates its superiority at the time of SOC recovery compared to the conventional approach.
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Arribas, Jose Ramon, Jose Ramon Arribas, Arun J. Sanyal, Alex Soriano, Bum Sik Chin, Bum Sik Chin, Shirin Kalimuddin, et al. "557. Impact of Concomitant Hydroxychloroquine Use on Safety and Efficacy of Remdesivir in Moderate COVID-19 Patients." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S343—S344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.751.
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Abstract Background Remdesivir (RDV) has been shown to shorten recovery time and was well tolerated in patients with severe COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine (HQN) is an experimental treatment for COVID-19. Effects of coadministration of HQN with RDV have not been studied and are relevant given the long half-life (~22 days) of HQN. We report the impact of concomitant HQN and RDV use on clinical outcomes and safety in patients with moderate COVID-19. Methods We enrolled hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, oxygen saturation >94% on room air, and radiological evidence of pneumonia. Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to receive 5d or 10d of intravenous RDV once daily plus standard of care (SoC), or SoC only. We compared patients on concomitant HQN (HQNpos) vs not (HQNneg). Clinical recovery was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards. Covariate adjustment included age, sex, race, region, symptom duration, oxygen support status and obesity. Recovery and adverse events (AEs) were assessed through death, discharge, or d14. Results Of 584 patients, 199 (34%) received HQN (5d RDV: n=57 [30%]; 10d RDV, n=49 [25%]; SoC: n=93 [47%]). Through median follow-up of 13d (range 1-41d), HQNpos patients on 5d or 10d RDV had a lower recovery rate (adjusted HR [95% CI] 0.78 [0.59, 1.03], p=0.09) with longer median time to recovery (8 vs 6 days) compared to HQNneg. HQNpos compared to HQNneg patients in 5d RDV showed a trend of reduced recovery rate (HR: 0.69 [0.45,1.04], p=0.080); such an effect was not observed in 10d RDV or SoC (Table 1). More HQNpos than HQNneg patients had AEs in RDV (5/10d) or SoC arms evaluated separately, and all arms combined. This difference was significant for AEs and SAEs for all arms combined after covariate adjustment (Table 2). Table 1. Table 2. Conclusion In moderate COVID-19 patients, concomitant HQN may delay recovery on RDV and showed no impact on recovery with SoC alone. The AE profile of HQNpos patients was worse than that observed for HQNneg patients, regardless of RDV treatment. Disclosures Jose Ramon Arribas, MD, Alexa (Advisor or Review Panel member, Speaker’s Bureau, Other Financial or Material Support, Personal fees)Gilead Sciences Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator, Advisor or Review Panel member, Speaker’s Bureau, Other Financial or Material Support, Personal fees)Janssen (Advisor or Review Panel member, Speaker’s Bureau, Other Financial or Material Support, Personal fees)Merck (Advisor or Review Panel member, Speaker’s Bureau, Other Financial or Material Support, Personal fees)Viiv Healthcare (Advisor or Review Panel member, Speaker’s Bureau, Other Financial or Material Support, Personal fees) Jose Ramon Arribas, MD, NO DISCLOSURE DATA Arun J. Sanyal, MD, AbbVie (Consultant)Akarna (Shareholder)Amarin (Consultant)Ardelyx (Consultant)Astra Zeneca (Consultant, Research Grant or Support)Boehringer (Consultant)Bristol Myers Squibb (Research Grant or Support)Conatus (Consultant)Cumberland (Research Grant or Support)Durect (Shareholder)Elsevier (Other Financial or Material Support, Royalties)Exhalenz (Shareholder)Fibrogen (Consultant)Genfit (Shareholder)Gilead Sciences Inc. (Consultant, Scientific Research Study Investigator, Research Grant or Support)Haemoshear (Shareholder)Indalo (Shareholder)Intercept (Research Grant or Support)Jannsen (Consultant)Lilly (Consultant)Malinckrodt (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Nimbus (Consultant)Nitto Denko (Consultant)Novartis (Consultant)Pfizer (Consultant)Salix (Consultant)Sanyal Biotechnology (Employee, Shareholder, Other Financial or Material Support, President)Shire (Research Grant or Support)Takeda (Consultant)Tiziana (Shareholder)Tobira (Consultant)UptoDate (Other Financial or Material Support, Royalties)Zafgen (Consultant) Bum Sik Chin, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Bum Sik Chin, MD, NO DISCLOSURE DATA Shirin Kalimuddin, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Stefan Schreiber, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Emon Elboudwarej, PhD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Yuan Tian, PhD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Robert H. Hyland, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Devi SenGupta, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Anand Chokkalingam, PhD, Gilead Sciences (Employee) Anu Osinusi, MD, Gilead Sciences (Employee) Diana M. Brainard, MD, Gilead Sciences (Employee) Christoph Lübbert, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator) David Chien Boon Lye, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator) David Chien Boon Lye, MD, NO DISCLOSURE DATA Judith A. Aberg, MD, Theratechnology (Consultant) Enrique Navas Elorza, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Karen T. Tashima, MD, Bristol-Myers Squibb (Research Grant or Support)Gilead Sciences Inc. (Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator)GlaxoSmithKline (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Tibotec (Research Grant or Support)Viiv Healthcare (Research Grant or Support) Mark McPhail, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator)
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Xie, Congzhen, Jigang Wang, Bing Luo, Xiaolin Li, and Lei Ja. "A control strategy for battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2108, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2108/1/012091.
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Abstract In DC microgrid (MG), the hybrid energy storage system (HESS) of battery and supercapacitor (SC) has the important function of buffering power impact, which comes from renewable energy sources (RES) and loads. This paper proposes a HESS control strategy with DC bus voltage self-recovery function. High and low frequency power decomposition based on virtual droop control, and DC bus drop voltage is compensated by added proportional integral regulation. The relationship between DC bus voltage recovery and super-capacitor (SC) state of charge (SoC) recovery is analyzed. The system can realize stable energy storage, supply under frequent load power impact. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by simulation in MATLAB/Simulink.
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Bendall, Robert C. A., and Sam Royle. "Decentering mediates the relationship between vmPFC activation during a stressor and positive emotion during stress recovery." Journal of Neurophysiology 120, no. 5 (November 1, 2018): 2379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00353.2018.
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The stress response has profound implications on health and behavior and stress is considered a risk factor for the development of psychopathologies including depression. The neural mechanisms supporting successful stress recovery are not fully understood; however, a novel study by Yang et al. (Yang X, Garcia KM, Jung Y, Whitlow CT, McRae K, Waugh CE. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 13: 256–268, 2018) demonstrates that ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activation during a stressor is related to improved stress recovery, and that decentering is able to mediate this relationship, suggesting a role during stress recovery. It was also revealed that vmPFC activation at different time points during the stressor predicts altering aspects of stress recovery, an observation that was only possible due to the adoption of change-point analysis.
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Yu, Hong Xia, and Zhen Yang Lin. "A Variable Proportional Valve Braking Force Distribution Strategy Including SOC Constraints of Electric Vehicles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 597 (July 2014): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.597.525.
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Braking force distribution plays an important role in energy recovery of electric vehicles. A new braking force distribution based on the variable proportional valve is proposed to solve the traditional proportional valve braking force distribution problem. By considering the safety brake force distribution area, the variable proportional valve friction braking force distribution line is optimized, the regenerative braking force equations are deduced using the optimized friction braking force distribution line at different braking intensity, then the regenerative braking force is corrected by considering mechanical characteristics of motor and SOC of battery constraints. Simulation results show that the proposed regenerative braking energy recovery has been significantly improved.
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Lo, Yi-Kai, Yen-Cheng Kuan, Stanislav Culaclii, Brian Kim, Po-Min Wang, Chih-Wei Chang, Jonathan A. Massachi, et al. "A Fully Integrated Wireless SoC for Motor Function Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems 11, no. 3 (June 2017): 497–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2017.2679441.
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Rowntree, Jason, Paige Stanley, David Beede, Marcia DeLonge, and Michael Hamm. "143 Impacts of soil carbon sequestration on life cycle greenhouse gas emissions in midwestern USA beef finishing systems." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.302.
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Abstract Using life cycle analysis (LCA), several studies have concluded that grass-finished beef systems have greater GHG intensities than feedlot-finished (FL) beef systems. These studies evaluated only one grazing management system– continuous grazing – and assumed steady-state soil carbon (C), to model the grass-finishing environmental impact. However, by managing for more optimal forage growth and recovery, adaptive multi-paddock (AMP) grazing can improve animal and forage productivity, potentially sequestering more soil organic carbon (SOC) than continuous grazing. To examine impacts of AMP grazing and related SOC sequestration on net GHG emissions, a comparative LCA was performed of two different beef finishing systems in the Upper Midwest, USA: AMP grazing and FL. We used on-farm data collected from the Michigan State University Lake City AgBioResearch Center for AMP grazing. Impact scope included GHG emissions from enteric methane, feed production and mineral supplement manufacture, manure, and on-farm energy use and transportation, as well as the potential C sink arising from SOC sequestration. Across-farm SOC data showed a 4-year C sequestration rate of 3.59 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 in AMP grazed pastures. After including SOC in the GHG footprint estimates, finishing emissions from the AMP system were reduced from 9.62 to −6.65 kg CO2-e kg carcass weight (CW)−1, whereas FL emissions increased slightly from 6.09 to 6.12 kg CO2-e kg CW−1 due to soil erosion. This indicates that AMP grazing has the potential to offset GHG emissions through soil C sequestration, and therefore the finishing phase could be a net C sink. However, FL production required only half as much land as AMP grazing. This research suggests that AMP grazing can contribute to climate change mitigation through SOC sequestration and challenges existing conclusions that only feedlot-intensification reduces the overall beef GHG footprint through greater productivity.
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Puthoor, Sooraj, and Mikko H. Lipasti. "Systems-on-Chip with Strong Ordering." ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization 18, no. 1 (January 21, 2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3428153.
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Sequential consistency (SC) is the most intuitive memory consistency model and the easiest for programmers and hardware designers to reason about. However, the strict memory ordering restrictions imposed by SC make it less attractive from a performance standpoint. Additionally, prior high-performance SC implementations required complex hardware structures to support speculation and recovery. In this article, we introduce the lockstep SC consistency model (LSC), a new memory model based on SC but carefully defined to accommodate the data parallel lockstep execution paradigm of GPUs. We also describe an efficient LSC implementation for an APU system-on-chip (SoC) and show that our implementation performs close to the baseline relaxed model. Evaluation of our implementation shows that the geometric mean performance cost for lockstep SC is just 0.76% for GPU execution and 6.11% for the entire APU SoC compared to a baseline with a weaker memory consistency model. Adoption of LSC in future APU and SoC designs will reduce the burden on programmers trying to write correct parallel programs, while also simplifying the implementation and verification of systems with heterogeneous processing elements and complex memory hierarchies. 1
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Groza, Edgars, Santa Kiene, Olegs Linkevics, and Karlis Gicevskis. "Modelling of Battery Energy Storage System Providing FCR in Baltic Power System after Synchronization with the Continental Synchronous Area." Energies 15, no. 11 (May 27, 2022): 3977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15113977.
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This paper presents the case study of provisions of frequency containment reserve (FCR) with a battery electric storage system (BESS). The aim of the case study is the evaluation of the technical possibility to provide FCR in Latvian power systems after all Baltic power systems will synchronize with the Continental Europe Synchronous Area (CESA). To simulate the dynamics of BESS capacity and its state of charge (SOC), authors have developed an algorithm and mathematical model (it can be realized in different calculation programs). The case study calculations verified the model. The algorithm is conditionally divided into two parts—FCR provision and SOC recovery–which in turn is divided into three possible models of BESS state of charge recovery options: (1) overfulfillment—exceeding the specified FCR amount, (2) deadband utilization, and (3) BESS charging or discharging through scheduled transactions in intraday power market. The modelling was performed using historic frequency data of Latvian and French power systems. The case study of BESS with charging capacity of 12 MW and stored energy volume of 7 MWh for provision of determined FCR for Latvian power system was considered. The obtained results from the simulation were used in the separate model to evaluate economic feasibility of BESS for FCR.
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Westin, Jason, Frederick L. Locke, Michael Dickinson, Armin Ghobadi, Mahmoud Elsawy, Tom van Meerten, David Bernard Miklos, et al. "Clinical and patient (pt)-reported outcomes (PROs) in a phase 3, randomized, open-label study evaluating axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) versus standard-of-care (SOC) therapy in elderly pts with relapsed/refractory (R/R) large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL; ZUMA-7)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): 7548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.7548.
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7548 Background: Elderly pts with R/R LBCL are at risk of inferior outcomes, increased toxicity, and inability to tolerate second-line (2L) SOC treatment (Tx) (Di M, et al. Oncologist. 2021). Further 2L SOC Tx is often associated with poor health-related quality of life (QoL) (Lin V, et al. J Clin Oncol . 2020;38:e20070). In the pivotal Phase 3 ZUMA-7 study, we assessed outcomes, including PROs, of 2L axi-cel (an autologous anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy) versus SOC in elderly pts with R/R LBCL. Methods: Pts aged ≥65 y were assessed in a planned subgroup analysis. Pts with ECOG PS 0-1 and R/R LBCL ≤12 mo after 1L chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) were randomized 1:1 to axi-cel or SOC (2-3 cycles of platinum-based CIT; pts with partial or complete response [CR] proceeded to HDT-ASCT). PRO instruments, including the EORTC QLQ-C30 (Global Health [GH] and Physical Functioning [PF]) and the EQ-5D-5L VAS, were administered at timepoints including baseline (BL; prior to Tx), Day (D) 50, D100, D150, and Month (M) 9, then every 3 mo up to 24 mo or time of event-free survival event (EFS), whichever occurred first. The QoL analysis set included all pts who had a BL PRO and ≥1 completed measure at D50, D100, or D150. A clinically meaningful change was defined as 10 points for each EORTC QLQ-C30 score, 7 points for EQ-5D-5L VAS score. Results: As of 03/18/2021, 51 and 58 elderly pts were randomized to the axi-cel and SOC arms, respectively, with median ages (range) of 70 y (65-80) and 69 y (65-81). At BL, more axi-cel versus SOC pts had high-risk features, including 2L age-adjusted IPI 2-3 (53% vs 31%) and elevated LDH (61% vs 41%). EFS was superior with axi-cel versus SOC (HR, 0.276, P< 0.0001), with higher CR rates (75% vs 33%). Grade ≥3 Tx-emergent adverse events (AEs) occurred in 94% and 82% of axi-cel and SOC pts, respectively, and Grade 5 Tx-related AEs occurred in 0 and 1 pt. In the QoL analysis set comprising 46 axi-cel and 42 SOC pts, there were statistically significant and clinically meaningful differences in mean change of scores from BL at D100 favoring axi-cel for EORTC QLQ-C30 GH ( P<0.0001) and PF ( P=0.0019) and EQ-5D-5L VAS ( P<0.0001). For all 3 domains, scores also favored ( P<0.05) axi-cel over SOC at D150. The mean estimated scores numerically returned to or exceeded BL scores earlier in the axi-cel arm (by D150) but never equaled or exceed BL scores by M15 in the SOC arm. Conclusions: Axi-cel demonstrated superiority over 2L SOC in pts ≥65 y with significantly improved EFS and a manageable safety profile. Compared with SOC, axi-cel also showed meaningful improvement in QoL over SOC, measured by multiple validated PRO instruments, with suggested faster recovery to pre-Tx QoL. The superior clinical outcomes and pt experience with axi-cel over SOC should help inform Tx choices in 2L R/R LBCL for pts ≥65 y. Clinical trial information: NCT03391466.
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Yoni, Moïse, Aristide Wendyam Sempore, and Kangbéni Dimobe. "Influence of Different Land Management Systems on the Dynamics of Carbon Biodegradability and Nitrogen Mineralization in a Sudanian Savanah Grasslands Soil, Western Burkina Faso." Environment and Natural Resources Research 12, no. 2 (November 25, 2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v12n2p36.
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This study aimed to assess soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) dynamics under fallow lands influenced by the perennial grass Andropogon gayanus and to show how the biological activity is improved during the Sudanian tillage system in the area of Bondoukuy (Western Burkina Faso). Soil samplings were done through cultivated plots (CP), ten (F10) and twenty (F20) years old fallow lands. Measurements were done in thickets and intergrowth areas of the perennial grass in two horizons: the topsoil (0-10 cm) and the subsoil (10-20 cm). Results showed that SOC concentrations are generally higher in the old (0.35%) than in the young fallow lands (0.29%) and in the cultivated plots (0.23%). TN concentrations followed the same pattern (0.022%, 0.017% for the old and young fallows lands and 0.013% for the cultivated plots). The C:N ratio observed (15~20) suggests an important soil organic matter (SOC and TN) maturation state in the fallow lands (F10 and F20) than in the cultivated plots (CP). Soil mineralization is also more important in the two fallow lands than in fields. For the total nitrogen mineralization, we have an important production of mineral nitrogen always in old fallow lands and a positive effect of the thicket on the net mineral nitrogen accumulation (p<0.05). The transition from thicket to intergrowth area permits obtaining positive variations which are relatively significant (p<0.05). A. gayanus fallow lands play an active role in managing SOC and TN dynamics. The most SOC and TN accumulated was found in the topsoil of thickets, where the maximum plant debris is located. Old fallow lands are best conditions for the recovery of SOC and TN from their steady states. Then, when clearing the vegetation for cultivation after the old fallow lands, there is an important input of fresh OM available for plants in the soil for 3 or 4 years. It is recommended to observe the old fallow phase prior to clearing for cropping.
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Karunakaran, Kiran K., Sharon Gute, Gregory R. Ames, Kathleen Chervin, Christina M. Dandola, and Karen J. Nolan. "Effect of robotic exoskeleton gait training during acute stroke on functional ambulation." NeuroRehabilitation 48, no. 4 (June 16, 2021): 493–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/nre-210010.
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BACKGROUND: Stroke is a leading cause of disability resulting in long-term functional ambulation deficits. Conventional therapy can improve ambulation, but may not be able to provide consistent, high dose repetition of movement, resulting in variable recovery with residual gait deviations. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this preliminary prospective investigation is to evaluate the ability of a robotic exoskeleton (RE) to provide high dose gait training, and measure the resulting therapeutic effect on functional ambulation in adults with acute stroke. METHODS: Participants (n = 14) received standard of care (SOC) and RE overground gait training during their scheduled physical therapy (PT) sessions at the same inpatient rehabilitation facility. The outcome measures included distance walked during their PT training sessions (RE and SOC), and functional ambulation measures (10-meter walk test (10MWT), 6-minute walk test (6 MWT), and timed up and go (TUG)). RESULTS: The average total distance walked during RE and the average distance per RE session was significantly higher than SOC sessions. Total walking distance during PT (RE+SOC) showed a strong positive correlation to the total number of steps during RE sessions and number of RE sessions. All functional ambulation measures showed significant improvement at follow-up compared to baseline. The improvement in functional ambulation measures showed a positive correlation with the increase in number of RE gait training sessions. CONCLUSION: The RE can be utilized for inpatient rehabilitation in conjunction with SOC gait training sessions and may result in improved functional ambulation in adults with acute stroke. This preliminary research provides information on the ability of the robotic exoskeleton to provide high dose therapy and its therapeutic effect on functional ambulation in adults with acute stroke during inpatient rehabilitation.
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Goshua, George, Pranay Sinha, Jeanne E. Hendrickson, Christopher A. Tormey, Pavan Bendapudi, and Alfred Ian Lee. "Cost Effectiveness of Caplacizumab in Acquired Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-138515.
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Introduction: Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a life-threatening disease characterized by thrombotic microangiopathy leading to end-organ damage. The standard of care (SOC) treatment is therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) alongside immunomodulation with steroids, with increasing use of rituximab +/- other immunomodulatory agents. The addition of caplacizumab, a nanobody targeting von Willebrand factor, was shown to accelerate platelet count recovery, reduce TPE treatments and hospital length of stay, decrease exacerbations and increase relapses in TTP patients treated in the TITAN and HERCULES trials. Given the efficacy of caplacizumab in the TITAN and HERCULES trials, we conducted a cost effectiveness analysis (CEA) of caplacizumab in acquired TTP, representing the first-ever CEA in TTP. Methods: We built decision tree models to evaluate the cost effectiveness of SOC plus caplacizumab versus SOC in acquired TTP based on the results of each of the phase II TITAN trial at 12-month follow-up and the phase III HERCULES trial at 1-month follow-up. Costs were assessed from the health system perspective. For each trial, the SOC cost was calculated as the sum of TPE sessions, hospital length-of-stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and rituximab use, while the cost of the SOC plus caplacizumab arm included the SOC cost plus the list price of caplacizumab (USD $270,000 per TTP episode). Effectiveness was calculated in quality-adjusted life years (QALY). Cost effectiveness of each treatment arm was calculated as the ratio of cost divided by QALYs. The incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) of adding caplacizumab to SOC was calculated as the difference between the costs of the two treatment arms divided by the difference in QALYs; the ICER was then compared against the 2019 US willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $195,300 USD as a measure of overall cost effectiveness. To avoid potential confounding factors that might inadvertently bias our analysis against the addition of caplacizumab, all values used in our models were selected to maximize cost in the SOC arm and minimize cost in the SOC plus caplacizumab arm in the two clinical trials. We also created a Markov model comparing cost effectiveness of SOC plus caplacizumab versus SOC in acquired TTP with a 5-year time horizon. We performed one-way sensitivity analyses for all models varying parameters including LOS, ICU stay, number of TPE sessions, rituximab use, utilities of the well and diseases states, and caplacizumab cost. Results: In the decision tree models, caplacizumab use yielded a higher cost of treatment compared to SOC alone in both trials (TITAN: $325,647 for caplacizumab plus SOC, versus $89,750 for SOC; HERCULES: $323,547 for caplacizumab plus SOC, versus $83,634 for SOC). An improvement in QALYs with the addition of caplacizumab was noted as compared to SOC in both trials (0.07 in TITAN and 0.26 in HERCULES). The ICER for adding caplacizumab to SOC versus SOC alone was $3.7 million in the TITAN trial and $0.9 million in the HERCULES trial, well above the US WTP threshold. The 5-year horizon Markov model yielded higher cost of caplacizumab treatment compared to SOC alone ($551,878 versus $151,947) and an improvement in QALYs (3.19 versus 2.92). The ICER for adding caplacizumab to SOC was $1.5 million (95% confidence interval $1.25-$1.72 million) with SOC favored in 100% of 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations in a probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Among all parameters, decreasing the cost of caplacizumab had the greatest impact on decreasing the ICERs in all models. The price of caplacizumab treatment for one TTP episode to meet the 2019 US WTP would have to be $46,424 and $80,848 in the TITAN and HERCULES decision tree models, respectively, and $65,106 in a Markov model with a 5-year horizon. Conclusion: The addition of caplacizumab to SOC treatment is not cost effective at its current drug pricing. As our models are designed to maximize the cost effectiveness of caplacizumab, it is very likely that the actual costs incurred by this medication will be much higher than what we report here. Compared to CEA studies of other orphan drugs that, unlike caplacizumab, alter long-term disease course, the costs incurred by caplacizumab treatment in acquired TTP are at the higher end of the spectrum. Additional studies utilizing longer-term follow-up data are warranted to assess the full impact of caplacizumab on the cost of treating TTP. Figure Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Fu, Xin, Jun Wang, Upendra M. Sainju, and Wenzhao Liu. "Aggregate size distribution and associated carbon and nitrogen in mulched winter wheat and spring corn." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 99, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2019-0015.
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The influence of surface mulching on soil aggregation and associated carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) varies by mulching materials and crop types. The 6 yr effect of straw mulching (SM), plastic film mulching (PM), and no mulching (CK) on soil aggregation and associated C and N concentrations at 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil layers were studied under dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and spring corn (Zea mays L.) in the Loess Plateau of China. Regardless of crop types, aggregate proportion was greater in macroaggregates (2.00–10.00 mm), but lower in microaggregates (<0.50 mm) with mulching than without in both soil layers. The mean weight diameter of aggregates was greater with SM and PM than CK. Compared with CK and PM, SM increased soil organic C (SOC) and total N (STN) concentrations in both macroaggregates and bulk soil at 0–20 cm. Aggregate proportion and soil C and N concentrations at both depths were more pronounced in winter wheat than spring corn. The recovery rates of bulk soil SOC and STN in aggregates varied from 94% to 107%. Straw and plastic film mulching enhanced soil aggregation compared with no mulching. Straw mulching was more effective in increasing SOC and STN concentrations at the surface layer in dryland winter wheat and spring corn.
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Happa, Jassim, Ioannis Agrafiotis, Martin Helmhout, Thomas Bashford-Rogers, Michael Goldsmith, and Sadie Creese. "Assessing a Decision Support Tool for SOC Analysts." Digital Threats: Research and Practice 2, no. 3 (July 2021): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3430753.
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It is difficult to discern real-world consequences of attacks on an enterprise when investigating network-centric data alone. In recent years, many tools have been developed to help understand attacks using visualisation, but few aim to predict real-world consequences. We have developed a visualisation tool that aims to improve decision support during attacks in Security Operation Centres (SOCs). Our tool visualises propagation of risks from sensor alert data to Business Process (BP) tasks. This is an important capability gap present in many SOCs today, as most threat detection tools are technology-centric. In this article, we present a user study that assesses our tool’s usability and ability to support the analyst. Ten analysts from seven SOCs performed carefully designed tasks related to understanding risks and recovery decision-making. The study was conducted in laboratory conditions with simulated attacks and used a mixed-method approach to collect data from questionnaires, eye tracking, and semi-structured interviews. Our findings suggest that relating business tasks to network asset in visualisations can help analysts prioritise response strategies. Finally, our article also provides an in-depth discussion on user studies conducted with SOC analysts more generally, including lessons learned, recommendations and a critique of our own study.
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Kuznetsov, S. V. "Operational control system of civil aicraft airborne equipment and scientific basis of its formation." Civil Aviation High Technologies 24, no. 3 (June 28, 2021): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26467/2079-0619-2021-24-3-31-41.
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The system of operational control (SOC) of civil aircraft (CA) airborne equipment incorporates onboard equipment, as an object of control, means and programs of operational control, maintenance personnel of an operating enterprise, carrying out procedures using control means and organizing processes of operational control for the specified objects using control programs. Quality of A/C onboard equipment SOC becomes obvious in the process of operational control. Operational control is a set of processes for determining the technical condition (TC) of objects of control (OC) at the various operational stages: in flight, during operational maintenance (pre-flight and post-flight control), and periodic maintenance, after dismantling equipment from board. The process of determining OC TC of includes control, diagnostics, forecasting and recovery. The process of operational control is characterized by reliability of control – the property of TC control, which determines the extent of display objectivity as a result of monitoring the actual OC TC. Based on the SOC analysis as an object of research, the analysis of the problem of its forming and updating as well as the developed hierarchy of criteria for the effectiveness of interacting systems, the general problem will be formulated as follows: on a given set of parameters of onboard equipment SOC, let us determine the parameter values so that the system costs in the process of operational control reach minimum while performing all the required tasks and observing all the limitations for own parameters of the system as well as indicators of its technical efficiency.
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Chen, Yang, and Jifei Zhang. "Slow Recovery of Major Soil Nutrient Pools during Reclamation in a Sub-Alpine Copper Mine Area, Southeastern Edge of the Tibetan Plateau, Sichuan Province, SW China." Forests 10, no. 12 (November 25, 2019): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10121069.
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Improvement of soil nutrients is crucial for the long-term development and stability of restored ecosystems in mine areas. However, knowledge about the variation in soil nutrients and their influencing factors during the reclamation of sub-alpine metal mine soil is still scarce. We assess the status of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), N fractions, total phosphorus (TP), and available P in reclaimed soil at a copper mine site (2702 m above sea level) in the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, southwest China. The mine area had been reclaimed by distributing stockpiled topsoil (~15 cm) in 2008, sowing seeds of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in 2009, and planting seedlings of A. ferdinandi-coburgii and Rosa omeiensis f. pteracantha in 2010. We found that, eight years after the reclamation, although the concentrations of SOC (24.3 g kg−1) and TN (2.21 g kg−1) in the reclaimed soil increased by 25% and 29% compared with the stockpiled topsoil, respectively, they only accounted for about half of the levels in the undisturbed topsoil. In contrast, the concentration of TP (498–570 mg kg−1) did not significantly change between the reclaimed and stockpiled topsoil. The concentrations of NH4-N (30.1 g kg−1), NO3-N (17.2 g kg−1), and available P (11.1 mg kg−1) in the reclaimed soil were 2.2, 1.3, and 1.6 times the levels in stockpiled topsoil, respectively, but still lower than those in undisturbed soil. The concentrations of microbial C, N, and P in the reclaimed soil had a similar variation pattern to the available nutrients. The soil C:P and N:P ratios and microbial biomass C:P and N:P ratios in the reclaimed soil were significantly lower than the levels in the undisturbed forest soil. The average accumulation rates of SOC and TN in the reclaimed soil were 85.3 and 11.4 g m−2 year−1, respectively. The rates are much lower than those of reclaimed mine soils with similar reclaim duration but better climate conditions. Relatively slow development of vegetation and soil microorganisms and leaching due to a freeze–thaw cycle controlled by the sub-alpine climate are likely responsible for the slow recovery of soil SOC and TN.
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Wu, Tonglie, Feng Wang, and Peng Ye. "Regenerative Braking Strategy of Dual-Motor EV Considering Energy Recovery and Brake Stability." World Electric Vehicle Journal 14, no. 1 (January 9, 2023): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj14010019.
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The dual-motor EV (Electric Vehicle) is increasingly favored by manufacturers for its excellent performance in terms of power and economy. How to further reduce its energy consumption and make full use of the dual-motor energy recovery is an important support to improve the overall vehicle economy and realize the “dual carbon” strategy. For the dual-motor EV architecture, the motor model, power battery loss model and vehicle longitudinal braking force model are established and the energy recovery-dominated regenerative braking torque distribution (RBD) rule of the dual motors is designed. Based on genetic algorithm (GA) theory and taking into account SOC, vehicle speed and braking intensity, a regenerative-braking torque optimization method is proposed that integrates energy recovery and braking stability. The braking intensity of 0.3 and the initial vehicle speed of 90 km/h are selected for verification. Compared with the rule method, the energy recovery and stability are improved by 22.8% and 4.8%, respectively, under the genetic algorithm-based and energy recovery-dominated regenerative-braking torque distribution (GA-RBD) strategy. A variety of conditions are selected for further strategy validation and the result shows that compared with the rule-based method, both energy recovery and braking stability are improved as braking speed and braking intensity increase under the GA-RBD strategy.
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Milano, Filippo, Andrew R. Rezvani, Joanne Kurtzberg, Chatchada Karanes, Jonathan A. Gutman, Christine Duncan, Alla Keyzner, et al. "No Engraftment Advantage after Single or Double Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant (CBT) with the Addition of a Non-HLA Matched Off-the-Shelf Expanded Cord Blood Unit Compared to Conventional CBT: Results of a Randomized Trial." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-130716.
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Background: Based on pilot study data demonstrating safety and excellent survival [Blood 2014 124:46] in acute leukemia patients undergoing myeloablative cord blood transplant (CBT) plus infusion of an off-the-shelf non-HLA matched expanded CB unit (OTS) for bridging hematopoiesis, a randomized trial was conducted to determine whether myeloablative CBT with or without an OTS would confer more rapid neutrophil (ANC) engraftment and therefore a survival advantage. Methods: We conducted a multi-center, randomized controlled phase II trial (RCT) with a primary endpoint of ANC engraftment defined as the first of 2 consecutive days in which neutrophil count ≥ 500 cells/μL. Secondary endpoints included platelet engraftment, overall survival (OS), disease free-survival (DFS), acute/chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), non-relapse mortality (NRM), and relapse. 160 patients were enrolled between February 2013 and June 2018. Patients were randomized to receive either a conventional single or double CBT (SOC group) (n=78) or SOC + OTS (OTS group) (n=82). Unmanipulated CB units had to be at least 4/6 HLA-matched to the patient (intermediate resolution for HLA-A, -B and allele-level for HLA-DRB1) with no HLA matching required for the OTS. Patient disease (AML=68, ALL=77, MDS=7, CML/other=8), disease risk, gender, age, race, ethnicity, CMV serology, performance score and HLA-match were balanced between the two study groups. Patients received conditioning with either FLU 75mg/m2, TBI 13.2 Gy, CY120 mg/kg or with FLU 150mg/m2, TBI 4Gy, CY 50 mg/kg and Thiotepa 10 mg/kg. Cyclosporin and MMF were used for GVHD prophylaxis in all patients (Table 1). Results: The median follow-up of surviving patients was 15 months. Approximately 30% of patients enrolled were <18 years and most patients received the high dose TBI (13.2Gy) regimen (85% in OTS group and 91% in SOC group). The median pre-cryopreserved total nucleated cell dose was 5.4 × 107/kg for both groups while the median pre-cryopreserved CD34 cell dose was 0.30 and 0.28 × 106/kg for the OTS and SOC group, respectively. Patients in the OTS group received an additional median CD34+ cell dose of 10.5x106/kg. Median time to ANC engraftment was similar between the 2 groups, at 20 days (range 7-46) in the OTS group and 19 days (13-51) in the SOC group. Five patients experienced graft failure, 2 in the OTS group and 3 in the SOC group. Similarly, no difference was seen for median time to platelet engraftment [38 days (35-43) vs. 40 days (30-42) for the OTS and the SOC group]. Peripheral blood chimerisms performed weekly (day 7-28) revealed that the initial circulating myelomonocytes present in the peripheral blood of OTS patients at day 7 were nearly all generated from the OTS product. Contribution to engraftment of the OTS graft was transient, and generally undetectable after day 21. All outcomes were similar between the two groups. OS and DFS at 2 years were 70% and 60% vs 61% and 55% for the OTS and the SOC groups, respectively. Cumulative incidence of relapse and NRM at 2 years were 18% and 21% in the OTS group and 21% and 22% in the SOC group. Grade III-IV aGVHD was 16% and 14% for the and the SOC group, respectively. The OTS product was well tolerated, and serious adverse events rates similar between the 2 groups. Patients continue to be followed through 2 years to assess cGVHD, and graft-relapse-free-survival. Conclusion: In this multi-center RCT, no significant difference was observed in the primary or secondary endpoints. Importantly, while the median time to ANC recovery in the OTS group was unchanged (20 days) from our pilot study, the observed time to neutrophil recovery in the SOC group was 7 days quicker than expected based on previously observed outcomes following myeloablative CBT (median 26 days). During the 5 years that this study was open to accrual, the criteria for CB donor selection have improved, now regularly utilizing CD34+ cell content and high-resolution HLA-typing where available, as has the quality of the CB inventory. This RCT highlights that delayed engraftment should no longer be a barrier in the consideration of SOC CBT for patients with hematological malignancies. As expected, and observed consistently following CBT, both groups demonstrated low incidence of severe acute GVHD and relapse at 2 years. Interventions in CBT should focus on improving immune reconstitution and reducing the risk of NRM but must be easily adopted into SOC in order to be adopted clinically. Disclosures Milano: ExCellThera: Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding. Rezvani:Kaleido: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: one-time compensation from advisory boards; Nohla Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: one-time compensation from advisory boards; AbbVie: Other: Principal investigator ; U.S. Department of Justice: Other: Expert medical witness; Johnson & Johnson: Employment, Other: Brother is employed. Delaney:Nohla Therapeutics: Employment, Equity Ownership; Biolife Solutions: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.