Journal articles: 'Soccer – Kicking'

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Andersen, T. Bull, Dorge, and Thomsen. "Collisions in soccer kicking." Sports Engineering 2, no. 2 (May 1999): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-2687.1999.00015.x.

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ZHANG, LIANDONG, and CHANGJIU ZHOU. "LIE GROUP FORMULATION FOR ANALYSIS OF KICKING MOTION IN HUMANOID SOCCER ROBOTS." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 05, no. 03 (September 2008): 501–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843608001546.

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In this paper, we develop a general Lie group framework for analysis of kicking motion in humanoid soccer robots which aims to capture the multidimensional kicking information and hence to study how to develop more powerful and skilful kicking motion for humanoid soccer robots. To maintain dynamic stability while kicking is being performed, the zero-moment point (ZMP) is used to evaluate the performance of the humanoid kick. The proposed Lie-group-formulation-based compensation approach for force/torque sensing from the humanoid ankle has been implemented on, Robo-Erectus, our humanoid soccer robot. Humanoid kicking experiments have been conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

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Rodríguez-Lorenzo, Lois, Miguel Fernández-Del Olmo, José Andrés Sánchez-Molina, and Rafael Martín-Acero. "Kicking ability and kicking deficit in young elite soccer players." Kinesiology 50, no. 2 (2018): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.26582/k.50.2.2.

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Kicking ability in soccer has been evaluated predominantly by the maximum ball velocity. The kicking deficit (KD) may be defined as the percentage of the difference between the maximum ball velocity each player achieved by the non-preferred leg kick in relation to the preferred leg kick. This study aimed to compare: side-to-side kicking velocity, vertical jumps and anthropometrics between the younger (G-14) and older (G+14) than 14 years soccer players. An additional aim was to investigate associations among these variables. Participants were 92 young elite soccer players from the development programme of a top Spanish division club. They were divided into two age groups according to their growth and motor development stages (10.80-13.55 years, n=46; 14.02-16.39 years, n=46). Student’s t-test showed that the maximum kicking velocity with the preferred and non-preferred leg, jumping performance, and all anthropometric measurements were significantly (p<.01) higher in G+14 compared with G-14. In contrast, KD values remained stable (15.31%- 15.83%) without significant differences between the groups. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that vertical jump tests and anthropometric measurements correlated with kicking ball velocity produced by the preferred and non-preferred leg. Our results demonstrate that kicking skills are still not consolidated and power factors may be determinant for kicking performance in young soccer players. In addition, the KD may be a constant element for both the under and above 14 years soccer players and could result from an unequal and greater use of the preferred leg in comparison with the non-preferred leg.

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SINCLAIR, JONATHAN KENNETH, HANNAH SHORE, STEPHEN ATKINS, and SARAH JANE HOBBS. "Side to side differences in patellar tendon kinetics of the support limb during maximal instep soccer kicking." Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity 7, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.07.4.01.

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Background: Kicking actions have been implicated in the aetiology of soccer injuries, and the unilateral nature of kicking may influence this. The aim of the current investigation was to determine whether soccer players exhibit bilateral differences in support limb patellar tendon loads. Material/Methods: Fifteen male soccer players were examined whilst kicking a stationary soccer ball with both their dominant and non-dominant feet. Patellar tendon kinetics were obtained from each limb and then contrasted using paired samples t-tests. Results: Significant increases in patellar tendon kinetics were found when using the non-dominant limb. Conclusions: The findings from the current investigation have clinical significance and support the notion that kicking with the non-dominant limb may be associated with increased risk for patellar tendon injury aetiology.

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Yun, Somi, Min Gi Jung, Jaemyung Kim, Yunbin Lee, Dae Taek Lee, and Seung Chan Lim. "Effects of Soccer Kicking Training Using Virtual Reality on Kicking Performance in Boy Soccer Players." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 51, Supplement (June 2019): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000561098.47554.f8.

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Rodríguez-Lorenzo, Lois, Miguel Fernandez-del-Olmo, José Andrés Sanchez-Molina, and Rafael Martín-Acero. "Role of Vertical Jumps and Anthropometric Variables in Maximal Kicking Ball Velocities in Elite Soccer Players." Journal of Human Kinetics 53, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2016-0018.

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AbstractKicking is one of the most important skills in soccer and the ability to achieve ma ximal kicking velocity with both legs leads to an advantage for the soccer player. This study examined the relationship be tween kicking ball velocity with both legs using anthropometric measurements and vertical jumps (a squat jump (SJ); a countermovement jump without (CMJ) and with the arm swing (CMJA) and a reactive jump (RJ)). Anthropome tric measurements did not correlate with kicking ball velocity. Vertical jumps correlated significantly with kicking ball velocity using the dominant leg only (r = .47, r = .58, r = .44, r = .51, for SJ, CMJ, CMJA and RJ, respectively) . Maximal kicking velocity with the dominant leg was significantly higher than with the non-dominant leg (t = 18.0 4, p < 0.001). Our results suggest that vertical jumps may be an optimal test to assess neuromuscular skills involved in kicking at maximal speed. Lack of the relationship between vertical jumps and kicking velocity with the non-dominant leg may reflect a difficulty to exhibit the neuromuscular skills during dominant leg kicking.

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Barfield, William R. "THE BIOMECHANICS OF KICKING IN SOCCER." Clinics in Sports Medicine 17, no. 4 (October 1998): 711–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0278-5919(05)70113-7.

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Rodríguez-Lorenzo, Lois, Miguel Fernandez-del-Olmo, and Rafael Martín-Acero. "Strength and Kicking Performance in Soccer." Strength and Conditioning Journal 38, no. 3 (June 2016): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000223.

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Hennig, Ewald M., Katharina Althoff, and Ann-Kathrin Hoemme. "Soccer footwear and ball kicking accuracy." Footwear Science 1, sup1 (June 2009): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19424280903059729.

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ASAI, Takeshi, Kaoru KIMACHI, and Sungchan HONG. "Visualization of Ball Kicking in Soccer." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 40, no. 157 (2020): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.40.157_2.

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Kawata, Keisuke, Madeleine Nowak, Zachary Bevilacqua, Keisuke Ejima, Megan Huibregtse, Timothy Mickleborough, and Sharlene Newman. "Transient perturbation in neuro-ophthalmologic function after repetitive subconcussive head impacts: a randomized controlled trial." Neurology 93, no. 14 Supplement 1 (September 30, 2019): S17.2—S17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000580992.05937.96.

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ObjectiveTo examine the effect of subconcussive head impacts on neuro-ophthalmologic function tested by the King-Devick test (KDT).BackgroundSubconcussive head impacts can lead to insidious neurological impairment if sustained repetitively. The oculomotor system is sensitive to brain trauma; however, neuro-ophthalmologic response to subconcussive head impacts remain unclear.Design/MethodsSixty-eight healthy adult soccer players with at least 5 years of soccer heading experience were randomized into either a soccer heading group (n = 36) or soccer kicking-control group (n = 32). The independent variables were group (heading vs. kicking control) and assessment time points (pre-, 0 hr-, 2 hr-, and 24 hr-post-heading/kicking). At each time point, KDT performance was assessed. Between the pre and 0hr post time points, heading subjects then performed 10 soccer headers, with the ball traveled at 25 mph, over the course of 10 minutes. The control subjects kicked the soccer ball 10 times.ResultsThe heading group experienced a median linear head acceleration of 31.8g per head impact (IQR: 31.1–34.5g) and a median rotational head acceleration of 3.56 krad/sec2 per head impact (IQR: 2.93–4.04 krad/sec2). Conversely, soccer kicks did not result in a detectable level of head acceleration. The kicking control group showed a significant improvement in KDT performance over time, indicating the neuro-ophthalmologic adaptability and learning effect (pre, 42.5 ± 5.7 sec; 0 hr-post, 39.3 ± 5.9 sec; 2 h-post, 38.5 ± 5.8 sec; 24 h-post, 37.3 ± 6.1 sec). However, such improvement was blunted by repetitive soccer headings in the heading group (pre, 43.6 ± 7.8 sec; 0 hr-post, 42.7 ± 7.9 sec; 2 h-post, 42.6 ± 7.8 sec; 24 h-post, 40.7 ± 7.3 sec), as illustrated by significant time × group interactions at 0 hr (p = 0.012) and 2 hr (p = 0.002) post-heading/kicking time points in the mixed-effect regression model.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the neural circuit encompassing the brain and oculomotor system has tremendous abilities to adapt and improve its function if administered repeatedly, but subconcussive head impacts induced by soccer heading can transiently impair neuro-ophthalmologic function and its adaptive property.

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Marques, Mário C., Ana Pereira, Ivan G. Reis, and Roland van den Tillaar. "Does an in-Season 6-Week Combined Sprint and Jump Training Program Improve Strength-Speed Abilities and Kicking Performance in Young Soccer Players?" Journal of Human Kinetics 39, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2013-0078.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a six-week combined jump and sprint training program on strength-speed abilities in a large sample of youth competitive soccer players. It was hypothesized that the experimental training group would enhance their jumping and sprinting abilities. Enhancement of kicking performance was also hypothesized due to an expected increase in explosive strength established by a plyometric and sprinting regimen. Fiftytwo young male soccer players playing at the national level (aged 13.4 ± 1.4 years, body mass 53.4 ± 11.7 kg, body height 1.66 ± 0.11 m) took part in the study. Half of the group underwent the plyometric and sprint training program in addition to their normal soccer training, while the other half was involved in soccer training only. The plyometric training group enhanced their running (+1.7 and +3.2%) and jumping performance (+7.7%) significantly over the short period of time, while the control group did not. Furthermore, both groups increased their kicking velocity after just six weeks of training (+3.3 vs. 6.6%). The findings suggest that a short in-season 6-week sprint and jump training regimen can significantly improve explosive strength in soccer-specific skills and that these improvements can be transferred to soccer kicking performance in terms of ball speed.

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Karim, Achmad, and Ikadarny Ikadarny. "Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menendang Bola pada Permainan Sepakbola melalui Modifikasi Alat Bantu Bola Pelastik pada Murid Kelas V SD Inpres Panggentungan Utara Kabupaten Gowa." Jendela Olahraga 5, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26877/jo.v5i1.4395.

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Improving Kicking Ball Skills in Soccer Games through Modification of Plastic Ball Aids in Class V Elementary School Students North Panggentungan Gowa RegencyThis study aims to describe the planning, action, reflection, observation and the application of the modification of ballistic aids in improving ball kicking skills in the soccer game for the fifth grader student of north panggentungan elementary school, Gowa Regency. This research is a Class Action Research (CAR) that conducted 3 times in cycle I and cycle II meetings. The data of this research is the skill of the research is the skill of kicking ball in soccer games. The source of the research data is the 5th grader students of the north panggentunagn elementary school in Gowa Regency. The collected data was analyzed deskriptive quantitatively. The result of the quantitative analysis of the kicking ball skill data showd that the number of students who completed in cycle I was 20 students with a percentage of 66,67% and the number of students who completed cycle II was 30 students with a percentage of 100%. Qualitative analysys result showed that there was a significant increasing in kicking ball skills at soccer games. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the study, it can be concluded that the physical education learning through the midification of plastic ball aidscan improve ball kicking skills in soccer games for 5th grader students of north panggentungan elementary school, Gowa Regency.. Keywords: Kicking ball, Plastic ball, Kicking skill, Soccer, Modification Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan perencanaan, tindakan, observasi refleksi dan penerapan Modifikasi alat bantu bola pelastik dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menendang Bola pada Permainan Sepakbola Murid Kelas V SD Inpres Panggentungan Utara Kabupaten Gowa.Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang dilaksanakan sebanyak 3 kali Pertemuan Siklus I dan Siklus II. Data Penelitian ini adalah Keterampilan Menendang Bola pada Permainan Sepakbola. Sumber data Penelitian adalah Murid Kelas V SD Inpres Panggentungan Utara Kabupaten Gowa yang berjumlah 24 orang. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara Deskriptif Kuantitatif. Hasil analisis Kuantitatif data Keterampilan Menendang Bola menunjukkan bahwa jumlah Murid yang tuntas pada Siklus I adalah 20 orang dengan persentase 66,67% dan jumlah murid yang tuntas pada Siklus II adalah 30 orang dengan persentase 100%. Hasil analisis Kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan Keterampilan Menendang Bola pada Permainan Sepakbola yang signifikan. Berdasarkan Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran penjas melalui Modifikasi alat bantu bola pelastik dapat Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menendang Bola pada Permainan Sepakbola Murid Kelas V SD Inpres Panggentungan Utara Kabupaten Gowa.Kata kunci: Menendang bola, Bola pelastik, Keterampilan menendang, Sepakbola, modifikasi

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Nowak, Madeleine, Patrick Quinn, Keisuke Ejima, Timothy Mickelborough, Sharlene Newman, and Keisuke Kawata. "Reduced cognitive resiliency ofattention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder against subconcussive head impacts." Neurology 93, no. 14 Supplement 1 (September 30, 2019): S29.1—S29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000581116.83066.44.

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ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the subconcussive head impacts (SHI) effects on neurocognitive function in individuals diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).BackgroundAthletes diagnosed with ADHD have a heightened risk (2 to 4-fold) for sustaining concussion. However, their response to repetitive SHI remain unclear.Design/MethodsIn this case-control intervention study, 17 soccer players clinically diagnosed with ADHD who take their prescribed medication daily, were assigned a heading intervention (ADHD-Heading group),individuals who met the ADHD criteria but were non-soccer players, were assigned into a kicking group, (ADHD-Kicking group, n = 15). Whereas 34 soccer players without ADHD diagnosis were randomized into either a heading or kicking intervention, yielding Non-ADHD-Heading group (n = 17) or Non-ADHD-Kicking group (n = 17). To implement SHI, the heading groups executed 10 headers with a standard soccer ball projected at a velocity of 25 mph (equivalent to a long throw-in) over 10 minutes by a JUGS soccer machine, while the kicking groups performed 10 kicks. Neurocognitive function was measured via the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) at pre-intervention baseline, 0h, 2h, and 24h post-intervention.ResultsThe vulnerability to SHI was notable in subjects diagnosed with ADHD particularly in memory, as illustrated by a significant group × time interaction, F(6,96) = 3.796, p = 0.002. Both Kicking groups improved verbal memory over time indicating the brain’s ability to learn, whereas the Non-ADHD-Heading group showed no improvement. The ADHD-Heading group showed a significant decline at 0h and 2h post-heading compared to other groups. As for visual memory, the ADHD-Heading group showed a significant decline at 24h post; however, all other groups displayed improvement. There were no group differences in remaining domains.ConclusionsData suggests neurocognitive vulnerability in athletes diagnosed with ADHD after experiencing SHI, specifically in memory performance. These outcomes can better inform clinicians; overall, promoting a better personalized care in athletes diagnosed with ADHD.

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Ávila de Oliveira, Júlia, Caroline Ribeiro de Souza, Carla Daniele Pacheco Rinaldin, Daniel Boari Coelho, and Luis Augusto Teixeira. "Feasibility of evaluating effects of muscle fatigue on postural stability and muscular activation of the supporting leg in the soccer power kicking." Brazilian Journal of Motor Behavior 13, no. 5 (February 20, 2020): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20338/bjmb.v13i5.146.

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Muscle fatigue accumulated during a soccer game can be a critical element to athletic performance. The aim of this study was to analyze the feasibility of evaluating the effect of muscle fatigue of the support leg in soccer players postural stability and muscular activation of the stabilizing muscles of the ankle in the performance of a power kick. Six university soccer players were evaluated. Muscular fatigue was induced by means of repeated oscillations of the swing leg. Results indicated that fatigue did not significantly affect velocity of the kicking leg and postural stability while kicking. Electromyographic analysis revealed that fatigue induced decreased activation of the medial gastrocnemius and increased activation of the soleus muscles in the period following foot-ball contact. These results show the feasibility of analyzing the effect of fatigue on dynamic balance and muscular activation in the performance of a power kicking task.

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Torreblanca-Martinez, Víctor, Fernando M. Otero-Saborido, and José A. Gonzalez-Jurado. "Effects of Muscle Fatigue Induced by Countermovement Jumps on Efficacy Parameters of Instep Ball Kicking in Soccer." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 33, no. 2 (April 2017): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2016-0040.

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The purpose was to study the effects of muscle fatigue induced by countermovement jumps (CMJ) on instep kick foot velocity in young male soccer players. Fifteen under-18 soccer players from a professional club performed maximal velocity instep kicks before and after a fatigue protocol that consisted of continuous CMJ. Foot velocity at impact without fatigue, foot velocity at impact with fatigue, CMJ height without fatigue, maximum jump height in fatigue test, and CMJ height change in fatigue test on a dynamometric platform were measured. There was a significant difference between jump height with and without fatigue (P = .00; ES = 0.8), but there were no significant differences between kicking with fatigue and without fatigue (P = .580, ES = 0.10). In conclusion, although the protocol was intense enough to generate fatigue in the muscles involved in CMJ, there were no significant differences in kicking velocity under fatigue conditions with respect to kicking without fatigue in the soccer players studied.

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Zisi, V., V. Derri, and V. Hatzitaki. "Role of Perceptual and Motor Abilities in Instep-Kicking Performance of Young Soccer Players." Perceptual and Motor Skills 96, no. 2 (April 2003): 625–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2003.96.2.625.

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The present study made a dynamic analysis of the ground reaction forces developed on the supporting foot during instep kicking to investigate the relation between specific perceptual and motor abilities and the performance of this skill. 45 young soccer players (11–13 years of age) participated in a series of laboratory tests assessing simple, choice, and discrimination reaction time, sustained attention, depth perception, and sense of kinesthesis. Kicking performance measured by the amount of impulse (calculated as the integral of force) developed on the supporting foot during kicking. There was a significant correlation of the kicking impulse with choice reaction time ( r=−.54) and attention reaction time ( r=−.41). Stepwise regression analysis indicated that choice reaction time accounted for 29% of the variation in the anterior/posterior kicking impulse and 16.4% of the variation in the medio/lateral kicking impulse. The significant relation between kicking impulse and measures concerning speed of information processing suggests that processes associated with fast response selection may play an important role in instep-kicking performance. These findings can provide useful information for designing of training schemes and testing protocols.

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Greig, Matt. "Intermittent Treadmill Running Induces Kinematic Compensations to Maintain Soccer Kick Foot Speed Despite No Change in Knee Extensor Strength." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 34, no. 4 (August 1, 2018): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2017-0017.

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Kicking is a fundamental skill and a primary noncontact mechanism of injury in soccer, with injury incidence increasing during the latter stages of match-play. Ten male professional soccer players completed a 90-minute treadmill protocol based on the velocity profile of soccer match-play. Preexercise, and at 15-minute intervals, players completed a maximal velocity kick subjected to kinematic analysis at 200 Hz. Preexercise, and at the end of each half, players also completed isokinetic concentric knee extensor repetitions at 180°·s−1, 300°·s−1, and 60°·s−1. Kicking foot speed was maintained at ∼19 m·s−1, with no main effect for exercise duration. In relation to proximal–distal sequencing during the kicking action, there was a significant increase in the duration (but not magnitude) of thigh rotation, with a compensatory decrease in the duration (but not magnitude) of shank rotation during the latter stages of the exercise protocol. In relation to long-axis rotation, pelvic orientation at ball contact was maintained at ∼6°, representing a total pelvic rotation in the order of ∼15° during the kicking action. Peak knee extensor torque at all speeds was also maintained throughout the protocol, such that kinematic modifications are not attributable to a decline in knee extensor strength.

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Nunome, Hiroyuki, Koichiro Inoue, Kohei Watanabe, Takahito Iga, and Hiroshi Akima. "Dynamics of submaximal effort soccer instep kicking." Journal of Sports Sciences 36, no. 22 (May 2018): 2588–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1470216.

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Nunome, Hiroyuki, Hironari Shinkai, and Yasuo Ikegami. "Ball impact dynamics during soccer instep kicking." Footwear Science 5, sup1 (June 2013): S8—S9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2013.797933.

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SHINKAI, HIRONARI, HIROYUKI NUNOME, MASANORI ISOKAWA, and YASUO IKEGAMI. "Ball Impact Dynamics of Instep Soccer Kicking." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 41, no. 4 (April 2009): 889–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31818e8044.

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Amiri-Khorasani, Mohammadtaghi, Noor Osman, and Ashril Yusof. "Electromyography Assessments of the Vastus Medialis Muscle during Soccer Instep Kicking between Dynamic and Static Stretching." Journal of Human Kinetics 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10078-010-0017-2.

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Electromyography Assessments of the Vastus Medialis Muscle during Soccer Instep Kicking between Dynamic and Static StretchingThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of static and dynamic stretching within a pre-exercise warm-up on vastus medialis muscle activity during instep kicking and ball velocity in soccer players. The kicking motions of dominant legs were captured from using six synchronized high-speed infra-red cameras at 200 Hz and Electromyography at 100 Hz. There was significant difference in vastus medialis activity after dynamic stretching relative to no stretching condition (0.12 ± 0.06 mV) versus static stretching relative to no stretching condition (-0.21 ± 0.10 mV) with p < 0.001). In addition, there was also a significant difference in ball velocity after dynamic stretching relative to no stretching condition (4.53 ± 2.10 m/s) versus static stretching relative to no stretching condition (-1.48 ± 2.43 m/s) with p < 0.003. We concluded that dynamic stretching during the warm-up, as compared to static stretching, is probably more effective as preparation for optimal muscle activity and finally have high ball velocity which is required in soccer.

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Vačák, Ján, and Kaoru Hirota. "Integrated Decision-Making System for Robot Soccer." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 15, no. 2 (March 20, 2011): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2011.p0156.

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This paper deals with the design of an integrated decision-making system for robot soccer. Three main tasks groups of decision-making are discussed based on an analysis of artificial intelligence means used by individual teams – choice of playing strategy, navigation, and kicking. The paper shows that crisp splitting of these decision-making groups is suspicious, and, instead, the use of a convenient implementation means to keep them together is recommended. In this case, fuzzy cognitive maps are introduced whose role is to integrate decision tasks, which is the main contribution of this paper. The paper describes a new design for kicking decisions. The system was successfully tested in the simulator Webots and some concluding remarks are made.

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Ferraz, Ricardo, Roland Van Den Tillaar, and Mário C. Marques. "The Effect of Fatigue on Kicking Velocity in Soccer Players." Journal of Human Kinetics 35, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10078-012-0083-8.

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Soccer is a game in which fatigue can negatively influence players’ performance. Few studies have examined the practical effects of fatigue on soccer performance skills. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of fatigue, acutely induced by means of a soccer specific circuit on ball velocity. Ten amateur soccer players (age 27.3 ± 5.25 yr; experience 16,8 ± 6.05 yr; level secondary division; body height 1,80 m ± 0,06; body mass 75,7 kg ± 5,78), participated in this study and performed maximal instep kicks before and after the implementation of an intensive, intermittent and repeated exercise protocol. Analysis of variance with repeated measures indicated a significant decrease (p<0.05) in ball velocity after just one round of the fatigue circuit. However, after the third circuit ball velocity increased and after the fifth circuit maximal ball velocity increased yet again (compared to the second circuit) and was not significantly different from before commencement of the fatigue protocol. The results partly confirmed the hypothesis of the negative influence of fatigue upon ball velocity in soccer kicking, demonstrating also some variability in the presented values of ball velocity perhaps theoretically accounted for by the general governor model.

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Li, Pan. "Kinetics Analysis of Instep Soccer Kick in Three Heights." Advanced Materials Research 1014 (July 2014): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1014.161.

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Using biomechanics theory to reveal the reaction force of ground of support leg in instep shot in different heights in soccer players. Twelve healthy male college students voluntarily participated in this study. After testing each participant by Kistler force plate and then analyze the collected data, the present study draws the following findings that (1) The reaction force of ground on support leg was independent of the ball velocity,(2) The principal function of support leg was in charge of fixing support, maintaining balance for optimal kicking ball of kicking leg.

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Giagazoglou, Paraskevi, Athanasios Katis, Eleftherios Kellis, and Christos Natsikas. "Differences in Soccer Kick Kinematics Between Blind Players and Controls." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 28, no. 3 (July 2011): 251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.28.3.251.

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The purpose of the current study was to examine the kinematic differences during instep soccer kicks between players who were blind and sighted controls. Eleven male soccer players who were blind and nine male sighted performed instep kicks under static and dynamic conditions. The results indicated significantly higher (p < .05) ball speed velocities (20.81m/sec) and ball/foot speed ratio values (1.35) for soccer players who were blind during the static kick compared with sighted players (16.16m/sec and 1.23, respectively). Significant group effect on shank and foot angular velocity was observed during the static kicking condition (p < .05), while no differences were found during the dynamic kicking condition (p > .05). Despite the absence of vision, systematic training could have beneficial effects on technical skills, allowing athletes who are blind to develop skill levels comparable to sighted athletes.

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HU, LINGYUN, and CHANGJIU ZHOU. "GAIT GENERATION AND OPTIMIZATION USING THE ESTIMATION OF DISTRIBUTION ALGORITHM FOR TEENSIZE HUMANOID SOCCER ROBOT RESr-1." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 05, no. 03 (September 2008): 437–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843608001534.

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This paper gives an overview of locomotion planning and control of a TeenSize humanoid soccer robot, Robo-Erectus Senior (RESr-1), which has been developed as an experimental platform for human–robot interaction and cooperative research in general and robotics soccer games in particular. The locomotion planning and control, along with an introduction of hierarchical control architecture, vision-based behavior and its application in the Humanoid TeenSize soccer challenge, are elaborated. The Estimation of Distribution Algorithm (EDA) is used in locomotion generation and optimization to achieves dynamically stable walk and a powerful kick. By setting different objective functions, smooth walking and powerful kicking can be generated quickly. RESr-1 made its debut at RoboCup 2007, and got fourth place in the Humanoid TeenSize penalty kick competition. In addition, some experimental results on RESr-1's walking, tracking and kicking are presented.

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Masmoudi, Liwa, Adnene Gharbi, Cyrine H’Mida, Khaled Trabelsi, Omar Boukhris, Hamdi Chtourou, Mohamed Amine Bouzid, et al. "The Effects of Exercise Difficulty and Time-of-Day on the Perception of the Task and Soccer Performance in Child Soccer Players." Children 8, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8090793.

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In soccer, accurate kicking skills are important determinants of successful performance. A successful kick must meet several criteria, including speed, accuracy, and timing. In fact, players who are able to kick the ball more accurately under various difficulties, such as time pressure, space constraints, the opponent’s pressure, and the distance between the kicking point and the goal, have a clear advantage during soccer games. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of exercise difficulty and time-of-day on perceived task difficulty and kicking performance. Accordingly, 32 boys (age: 11 ± 0.7 years; height: 1.45 ± 0.07 m; body-mass: 38.9 ± 7.8 kg) performed shooting accuracy tests under two difficulty levels (distance (long-distance (LD) vs. short-distance (SD)) and time pressure (Without-time-pressure (WTP) vs. With-time-pressure (TP)) at 08:00 h and 17:00 h. Absolute-error, variable-error, and constant-error were evaluated during the kicking tasks, in addition to ball velocity and shooting quality. Moreover, rating-of-perceived-exertion score (RPE), feeling-scale (FS), and perceived difficulty were completed immediately at the end of each test. The results showed that shooting quality was not affected by the time-of-day, but it was better in WTP vs. TP (p < 0.05), and in SD vs. LD (p < 0.05), respectively. Higher values for FS and lower values for RPE were observed in the morning compared to the afternoon (p < 0.05) and in WTP vs. TP (p < 0.05). In conclusion, specific soccer skills of boys were not time-of-day dependent, but they may be associated with time pressure and task difficulty.

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Sterzing, T., J. Kroiher, and E. Hennig. "Barefoot vs. shod kicking in soccer — what's faster?" Journal of Biomechanics 39 (January 2006): S551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(06)85268-1.

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Nunome, Hiroyuki, Mark Lake, Apostolos Georgakis, and Lampros K. Stergioulas. "Impact phase kinematics of instep kicking in soccer." Journal of Sports Sciences 24, no. 1 (January 2006): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640410400021450.

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Lees, A., T. Asai, T. B. Andersen, H. Nunome, and T. Sterzing. "The biomechanics of kicking in soccer: A review." Journal of Sports Sciences 28, no. 8 (June 2010): 805–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2010.481305.

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Amiri-Khorasani, Mohammadtaghi, and Eleftherios Kellis. "Static vs. Dynamic Acute Stretching Effect on Quadriceps Muscle Activity during Soccer Instep Kicking." Journal of Human Kinetics 39, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2013-0066.

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Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of static and dynamic stretching on quadriceps muscle activation during maximal soccer instep kicking. The kicking motion of twelve male college soccer players (body height: 174.66 ± 5.01 cm; body mass: 72.83 ± 4.83 kg; age: 18.83 ± 0.75 years) was captured using six synchronized high-speed infra-red cameras whilst electromyography (EMG) signals from vastus medialis (VM), lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) were recorded before and after static or dynamic stretching. Analysis of variance designs showed a higher increase in knee extension angular velocity (9.65% vs. -1.45%, p < 0.001), RF (37.5% vs. -8.33%, p < 0.001), VM (12% vs. - 12%, p < 0.018), and VL EMG activity (20% vs. -6.67%, p < 0.001) after dynamic stretching exercises. Based on these results, it could be suggested that dynamic stretching is probably more effective in increasing quadriceps muscle activity and knee extension angular velocity during the final swing phase of a maximal soccer instep kick than static stretching.

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Rakojević, Bojan, and Vladimir Mrdaković. "Uticaj različitih faktora na ispoljavanje brzine i preciznosti šuta u fudbalu." Aktuelno u praksi: bilten za strucna pitanja u fizickoj kulturi 26, no. 1 (2016): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/aup1601021r.

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The main purpose of this paper is to explain the main factors for performance quality of soccer instep kick. Kicking performance of the soccer players could be assessed through the measures of kicking accuracy and ball velocity. The most important factors are approach angle, approach speed and instruction. Also, ball-foot interaction in impact phase during instep soccer kick is very important for performance quailty of instep kick. Speed and foot stiffness have a positive correlation with the speed of the ball, so for the achievement of higher ball speed it is necessary to achieve the maximum speed of the foot before and at the time of contact with the ball. At the same time the strain level of the foot at the moment of contact with the ball should be minimized. In addition, researches were showed that power and strength level of the lower extremity muscles has a positive effects on instep kick performance.

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Sasadai, Junpei, Yukio Urabe, Noriaki Maeda, Hiroshi Shinohara, and Eri Fujii. "The Effect of Ankle Taping to Restrict Plantar Flexion on Ball and Foot Velocity During an Instep Kick in Soccer." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 24, no. 3 (August 2015): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2014-0156.

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Context:Posterior ankle impingement syndrome is a common disorder in soccer players and ballet dancers. In soccer players, it is caused by the repetitive stress of ankle plantar flexion due to instep kicking. Protective ankle dorsiflexion taping is recommended with the belief that it prevents posterior ankle impingement. However, the relationship between ankle taping and ball-kicking performance remains unclear.Objective:To demonstrate the relationship between the restrictions of ankle taping and performance of an instep kick in soccer.Design:Laboratory-based repeated-measures.Setting:University laboratory.Participants:11 male university soccer players.Intervention:The subjects’ ankle plantar flexion was limited by taping. Four angles of planter flexion (0°, 15°, 30°, and without taping) were formed by gradation limitation. The subjects performed maximal instep kicks at each angle.Main Outcome Measures:The movements of the kicking legs and the ball were captured using 3 high-speed cameras at 200 Hz. The direct linear-transformation method was used to obtain 3-dimensional coordinates using a digitizing system. Passive ankle plantar-flexion angle, maximal plantar-flexion angle at ball impact, ball velocity, and foot velocity were measured. The data were compared among 4 conditions using repeated-measures ANOVA, and the correlations between ball velocity and foot velocity and between ball velocity and toe velocity were calculated.Results:Ankle dorsiflexion taping could gradually limit both passive plantar flexion and plantar flexion at the impact. Furthermore, limitation of 0° and 15° reduced the ball velocity generated by instep kicks.Conclusion:Plantar-flexion-limiting taping at 30° has a potential to prevent posterior ankle impingement without decreasing the ball velocity generated by soccer instep kicks.

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Liu, Yanfei, Jiaxin Zhao, Josh Apple, Torrey Frank, Matthew Saylor, and Ted Siegel. "An Autonomous Omnidirectional Robot." Journal of Robotics 2010 (2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/857594.

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RoboCup is an international research and education initiative, which aims to foster artificial intelligence and robotics research by using competitive soccer as a standard problem. This paper presents a detailed engineering design process and the outcome for an omni-directional mobile robot platform for the Robocup Middle Size League competition. A prototype that can move omnidirectionally with kicking capability was designed, built, and tested by a group of senior students. The design included a mechanical base, pneumatic kicking mechanism, a DSP microcontroller-based control system, various sensor interfacing units, and the analysis of omnidirectional motions. The testing results showed that the system was able to move omnidirectionally with a speed of ∼2 m/s and able to kick a size 5 FIFA soccer ball for a distance of at least 5 meters.

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Currell, Kevin, Steve Conway, and Asker E. Jeukendrup. "Carbohydrate Ingestion Improves Performance of a New Reliable Test of Soccer Performance." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 19, no. 1 (February 2009): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.19.1.34.

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The aim of the study was to investigate the reliability of a new test of soccer performance and evaluate the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) on soccer performance. Eleven university footballers were recruited and underwent 3 trials in a randomized order. Two of the trials involved ingesting a placebo beverage, and the other, a 7.5% maltodextrin solution. The protocol comprised a series of ten 6-min exercise blocks on an outdoor Astroturf pitch, separated by the performance of 2 of the 4 soccer-specific tests, making the protocol 90 min in duration. The intensity of the exercise was designed to be similar to the typical activity pattern during soccer match play. Participants performed skill tests of dribbling, agility, heading, and shooting throughout the protocol. The coefficients of variation for dribbling, agility, heading, and shooting were 2.2%, 1.2%, 7.0%, and 2.8%, respectively. The mean combined placebo scores were 42.4 ± 2.7 s, 43.1 ± 3.7 s, 210 ± 34 cm, and 212 ± 17 points for agility, dribbling, heading, and kicking, respectively. CHO ingestion led to a combined agility time of 41.5 ± 0.8 s, for dribbling 41.7 ± 3.5 s, 213 ± 11 cm for heading, and 220 ± 5 points for kicking accuracy. There was a significant improvement in performance for dribbling, agility, and shooting (p < .05) when CHO was ingested compared with placebo. In conclusion, the protocol is a reliable test of soccer performance, and ingesting CHO leads to an improvement in soccer performance.

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Bekris, Evangelos, Aristotelis Gioldasis, Vasilis Bekris, Ioannis Gissis, Stergios Komsis, and Ioannis Mitrousis. "The Relationship of Kicking Ball Velocity with Anthropometric and Physiological Factors in Soccer." Sport Science Review 24, no. 1-2 (April 1, 2015): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ssr-2015-0009.

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Abstract The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship of kicking ball velocity with anthropometric and physiological parameters in soccer. Specifically, the researchers examined how the anthropometric variables such as body weight, body fat, body mass index, and body height, as well as the physiological variables such as running speed, lower body explosive strength, lower limb endurance, balance, and agility are related to ball velocity. Fifty eight U-12 male soccer players, sixty one U-14, forty three U-16, and thirty five adult male soccer players participated in this study. The results showed that ball velocity is related to both anthropometric and physiological factors differently according to the age of the players. It was also confirmed that ball velocity is an indicator of playing level. The key finding from this research was that ball velocity is related to the explosive strength parameters. Thus this relationship is an indicator that coaches and trainers have to take into account so as maximize the kicking potential of their players.

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Khorasani, Mohammadtaghi, Noor Osman, and Ashril Yusof. "Biomechanical Responds of Instep Kick between Different Positions in Professional Soccer Players." Journal of Human Kinetics 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10078-009-0019-0.

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Biomechanical Responds of Instep Kick between Different Positions in Professional Soccer PlayersThe purpose of this study was to investigate some selected biomechanical characteristics of lower extremity between professional soccer defenders, midfielders and strikers. The kicking motions of dominant legs were captured from fifteen Olympic professional soccer players; (height: 181.93 ± 7.03 cm; mass: 70.73 ± 10.85 kg; age: 20.8 ± 0.77 years), volunteered to participate in this study, using four digital video cameras. There were significant differences between midfielders and defenders in (1) lower leg angular velocity (p ≤ 0.001), (2) thigh angular velocity (p ≤ 0.001), (3) lower leg net moment (p ≤ 0.001), (4) thigh net moment (p ≤ 0.001), and (5) ball velocity (p ≤ 0.012). There were significant differences between midfielders and strikers in lower leg net moment (p ≤ 0.001). There were significant differences between strikers and defenders in; (1) lower leg angular velocity (p ≤ 0.001), (2) thigh angular velocity (p ≤ 0.001), (3) lower leg net moment (p ≤ 0.001), (4) thigh net moment (p ≤ 0.001), and (5) ball velocity (p ≤ 0.024). In conclusion, midfielders can perform soccer instep kicking strongly and faster than defenders and there is, however, no significant difference between midfielders and strikers, but midfielders' ball velocity is higher than strikers' ball velocity.

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Kuo, X. L., and T.-Y. Shiang. "THE INSTEP KICKING ACCURACY ANALYSI USING DIFFERENT SOCCER SHOES." Journal of Biomechanics 40 (January 2007): S629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(07)70617-6.

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Inoue, Koichiro, Hiroyuki Nunome, Thorsten Sterzing, Hironari Shinkai, and Yasuo Ikegami. "Dynamics of the support leg in soccer instep kicking." Journal of Sports Sciences 32, no. 11 (February 28, 2014): 1023–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.886126.

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Scurr, Joanna C., Victoria Abbott, and Nick Ball. "Quadriceps EMG muscle activation during accurate soccer instep kicking." Journal of Sports Sciences 29, no. 3 (February 2011): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2010.523085.

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Zaumseil, Falk. "Relation between soccer shoe stiffness and kicking ball velocity." Footwear Science 3, sup1 (June 2011): S172—S173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2011.575868.

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García-Ramos, Amador, Guy Gregory Haff, Belén Feriche, and Slobodan Jaric. "Effects of different conditioning programmes on the performance of high-velocity soccer-related tasks: Systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 13, no. 1 (May 31, 2017): 129–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954117711096.

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Physical performance is a key factor in most of the actions that determine success in soccer competitions. The present meta-analysis aimed to determine whether, and to what extent different conditioning programmes implemented in addition to regular soccer training are able to enhance the performance of high-velocity soccer-related tasks. Study groups were categorised according to type of performance measurement: (A) vertical jump ability, (B) linear sprint performance, (C), change of direction with ball, (D) change of direction without ball, (E) repeated sprint ability, and (F) kicking performance. Subgroup analyses were done with reference to the type of conditioning programme applied: (A) resistance training, (B) plyometric, (C) sprint and/or change of direction, and (D) combined methods. The standardised mean differences (SMD) along with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using the Review Manager 5.3 software. The application of a conditioning programme was associated with a significant improvement in vertical jump ability (SMD = 0.64 [95% CI: 0.50–0.77]), linear sprint (SMD = −0.79 [95% CI: −0.61 to −0.96]), change of direction with ball (SMD = −0.78 [95% CI: −0.42 to −1.15]), change of direction without ball (SMD = −0.83 [95% CI: −0.61 to −1.05]), repeated sprint ability (SMD = −0.51 [95% CI: −0.19 to −0.84]), and kicking performance (SMD = 0.78 [95% CI: 0.34–1.22]). No clear differences among the different conditioning programmes were observed. The implementation of a conditioning programme in addition to regular soccer training enhances the performance of high-velocity soccer-related tasks.

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Müller, Carsten, and Mirko Brandes. "Effect of Kinesiotape Applications on Ball Velocity and Accuracy in Amateur Soccer and Handball." Journal of Human Kinetics 49, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0114.

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Abstract Evidence supporting performance enhancing effects of kinesiotape in sports is missing. The aims of this study were to evaluate effects of kinesiotape applications with regard to shooting and throwing performance in 26 amateur soccer and 32 handball players, and to further investigate if these effects were influenced by the players’ level of performance. Ball speed as the primary outcome and accuracy of soccer kicks and handball throws were analyzed with and without kinesiotape by means of radar units and video recordings. The application of kinesiotapes significantly increased ball speed in soccer by 1.4 km/h (p=0.047) and accuracy with a lesser distance from the target by -6.9 cm (p=0.039). Ball velocity in handball throws also significantly increased by 1.2 km/h (p=0.013), while accuracy was deteriorated with a greater distance from the target by 3.4 cm (p=0.005). Larger effects with respect to ball speed were found in players with a lower performance level in kicking (1.7 km/h, p=0.028) and throwing (1.8 km/h, p=0.001) compared with higher level soccer and handball players (1.2 km/h, p=0.346 and 0.5 km/h, p=0.511, respectively). In conclusion, the applications of kinesiotape used in this study might have beneficial effects on performance in amateur soccer, but the gain in ball speed in handball is counteracted by a significant deterioration of accuracy. Subgroup analyses indicate that kinesiotape may yield larger effects on ball velocity in athletes with lower kicking and throwing skills.

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van den Tillaar, Roland, and Aleksander Ulvik. "Influence of Instruction on Velocity and Accuracy in Soccer Kicking of Experienced Soccer Players." Journal of Motor Behavior 46, no. 5 (April 28, 2014): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222895.2014.898609.

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Negra, Yassine, Helmi Chaabene, Senda Sammoud, Olaf Prieske, Jason Moran, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, Ali Nejmaoui, and Urs Granacher. "The Increased Effectiveness of Loaded Versus Unloaded Plyometric Jump Training in Improving Muscle Power, Speed, Change of Direction, and Kicking-Distance Performance in Prepubertal Male Soccer Players." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0866.

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Purpose: To examine the effects of loaded (LPJT) versus unloaded plyometric jump training (UPJT) programs on measures of muscle power, speed, change of direction (CoD), and kicking-distance performance in prepubertal male soccer players. Methods: Participants (N = 29) were randomly assigned to a LPJT group (n = 13; age = 13.0 [0.7] y) using weighted vests or UPJT group (n = 16; age = 13.0 [0.5] y) using body mass only. Before and after the intervention, tests for the assessment of proxies of muscle power (ie, countermovement jump, standing long jump); speed (ie, 5-, 10-, and 20-m sprint); CoD (ie, Illinois CoD test, modified 505 agility test); and kicking-distance were conducted. Data were analyzed using magnitude-based inferences. Results: Within-group analyses for the LPJT group showed large and very large improvements for 10-m sprint time (effect size [ES] = 2.00) and modified 505 CoD (ES = 2.83) tests, respectively. For the same group, moderate improvements were observed for the Illinois CoD test (ES = 0.61), 5- and 20-m sprint time test (ES = 1.00 for both the tests), countermovement jump test (ES = 1.00), and the maximal kicking-distance test (ES = 0.90). Small enhancements in the standing long jump test (ES = 0.50) were apparent. Regarding the UPJT group, small improvements were observed for all tests (ES = 0.33–0.57), except 5- and 10-m sprint time (ES = 1.00 and 0.63, respectively). Between-group analyses favored the LPJT group for the modified 505 CoD (ES = 0.61), standing long jump (ES = 0.50), and maximal kicking-distance tests (ES = 0.57), but not for the 5-m sprint time test (ES = 1.00). Only trivial between-group differences were shown for the remaining tests (ES = 0.00–0.09). Conclusion: Overall, LPJT appears to be more effective than UPJT in improving measures of muscle power, speed, CoD, and kicking-distance performance in prepubertal male soccer players.

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Watanabe, Hiroyuki, Meguru Fujii, Masumi Yoshimoto, Hiroshi Abe, Naruaki Toda, Reiji Higashiyama, and Naonobu Takahira. "Pathogenic Factors Associated With Osgood-Schlatter Disease in Adolescent Male Soccer Players: A Prospective Cohort Study." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 6, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 232596711879219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967118792192.

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Background: A previous cross-sectional study reported that pathogenic factors associated with Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD) in adolescent athletes include increased quadriceps muscle tightness, lower leg malalignment, and development of apophysitis in the tibial tuberosity. Purpose: To confirm these pathogenic factors associated with OSD in a longitudinal study with regard to physical function and performance. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: In this study, 37 boys (mean age, 10.2 ± 0.4 years) were recruited from 2 soccer teams at an elementary school. This cohort study was conducted over an observation period of 1 year, with measurements recorded at baseline, followed by screening for OSD every 6 months. Variables evaluated at baseline included physical function (morphometry, joint flexibility, and lower extremity alignment), presence of Sever disease, and kicking motion. Results: Pathogenic factors associated with OSD in the support leg of adolescent male soccer players included height, weight, body mass index, quadriceps femoris muscle tightness in the kicking and support legs, and gastrocnemius muscle tightness, soleus muscle tightness, and medial longitudinal arch in the support leg. Additional factors included a diagnosis of Sever disease and distance from the lateral malleolus of the support leg’s fibula to the center of gravity during kicking. Conclusion: The onset of OSD was found to be affected by many factors, including developmental stage, physical attributes, and pre-existing apophysitis. In particular, a diagnosis of Sever disease and backward shifting of the center of gravity during kicking increased the risk of the subsequent onset of OSD, suggesting that these factors are very important as a possible focus for interventions.

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Taketomi, Shuji, Michio Tojima, Koji kaneoka, Sakae Tanaka, Suguru Torii, and Seira Takei. "The kick motion analysis of adolescent male soccer players with Osgood-Schlatter disease." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 7_suppl6 (July 1, 2020): 2325967120S0039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00394.

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Objectives: Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD) is an injury during adolescence, in which inflammation occurs in the epiphyseal cartilage of the tibial tubercle by repeated traction of patellar tendon. OSD is associated with more in sports that involve jumping, kicking, and running, such as soccer. However, whether the kick motion of adolescent soccer players is related to onset of OSD remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of kick motion in adolescent soccer players who developed OSD prospectively, using three-dimensional motion analysis system. Methods: A total of 29 Japanese adolescent male soccer players who were 12 years old (Hight 153.1 ± 6.9cm, Bodyweight 42.8 ± 7.0kg) joining the same soccer team were followed over a half year period. The team is a town recreation league team. At the baseline, all players went through the medical examination, ultrasonography of tibial tubercle and measurement of real-time kick motion using a three-dimensional motion analysis system (Qualisys track manager, Qualisys AB., Sweden). The three-dimensional angle of the lumbar spine, pelvis, hips, knees, ankles of both legs, the position of supporting leg and center of mass (COM) were calculated by 65 spherical markers on each anatomical landmark. COM was adjusted dividing by height. The ball speed, kicking time, angular velocity and angular acceleration were also calculated. The data of each phase was collected for the following eight events: foot contact, toe off, maximum hip extension, maximum knee flexion, ball impact, maximum hip flexion of kicking leg, and foot contact, maximum knee flexion of supporting leg. Phase duration was calculated as a percentage of the kick motion. The muscle tightness test of bilateral lower limbs (Iliopsoas, Hamstrings, Quadriceps, Gastrocnemius, Soleus muscle) were measured at the baseline and the follow-up. The participants were followed six months later, and OSD was diagnosed by tenderness and ultrasonography findings of the tibial tubercle and were divided into two groups: presence of OSD on supporting leg; OSD and absence of OSD; CON. All the factors calculated by the kick motion analysis at the baseline and the development of muscle tightness of bilateral lower limbs between OSD and CON were compared by using the unpaired t-test. Players who were diagnosed as OSD at the baseline (n=6) were excluded from the analysis. Results: There were 10 players of OSD and 13 players of CON. The growth of height, muscle tightness, ball speed, kicking time, phase duration in OSD were not different from CON. The sagittal translation of COM in OSD was significantly smaller than CON(p<0.05) before the ball impact phase. The knee angular acceleration of supporting leg was significantly larger in OSD(p<0.05) between the phase supporting leg lands and the flexion angle of its knee reaches the peak before the ball impact. The lateral bending angle of the pelvis toward the supporting leg in OSD was significantly smaller(p<0.05), and the maximum hip extension angle of kicking leg, lumbar rotation angle, kicking leg’s knee angular velocity and acceleration at the ball impact were smaller in OSD(p<0.1). Conclusion: The kick motion with small translation of COM before ball impact was associated to onset of OSD. OSD also showed smaller range of motion in proximal joints to the knees compared with CON. The large knee angular acceleration of supporting leg towards maximum knee flexion was found in OSD, which may increase the traction of quadriceps muscle to the tibial tubercle. [Figure: see text]

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Guer, Jean-Luc, Sylvain Blanchard, Marta Harnagea, Eric Lopez, and Michel Behr. "Does Intensive Soccer Playing During the Growth Period Lead to Leg Length Discrepancies?" Sports Medicine International Open 1, no. 05 (August 2017): E183—E187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-117600.

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AbstractLeg length discrepancies (LLD) are a common reason for podiatry consultations and can affect up to 90% of the overall population. Furthermore, it is widely recognized that intensive participation in certain sports can alter bone development. The aim of this study is to explore any possible relation between playing soccer and the appearance or evolution of LLD, by means of a retrospective study based on the analysis of case reports of patients followed for foot or plantar troubles. Case reports were selected in the archives of a podiatric clinic for the period between 2002 and 2016 among patients who declared regular to intensive soccer playing, aged 13 years or more. LLD was detected in the vast majority of cases (95 cases out of 104). Pearson correlation coefficients were computed and revealed a strong correlation between the laterality of the kicking limb and that of the shorter leg. The shorter limb was on the side of the kicking leg in 96% of the cases when considering the players who began practice before the age of 13, and only 53% of the cases for others. Intensive soccer playing at a young age may encourage the appearance and evolution of a real LLD.

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Sakamoto, Keiko, Yutaka Shimizu, Eiko Yamada, Sungchan Hong, and Takeshi Asai. "Difference in Kicking Motion between Female and Male Soccer Players." Procedia Engineering 60 (2013): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.07.009.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Soccer – Kicking'

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