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1
Jollivet, Charly. "Archives, archivistique et logiques d'usage dans les territoires issus de la colonie de Madagascar de 1946 à nos jours." Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0077.
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Entre 1960 et 1975, à la faveur du processus de décolonisation, deux pays indépendants et un territoire resté français succèdent à l’ancienne colonie de Madagascar. La question de l’évolution des systèmes archivistiques dans cette zone, de leur éventuelle diversification et de leur actuel degré de maturité, est posée dans ce contexte. À Madagascar, aux Comores comme à Mayotte, de louables intentions en faveur des archives peinent à se concrétiser, notamment faute de crédits et de stabilité politique. Les appareils archivistiques échouent à préserver toutes les archives et la collecte porte principalement sur le central au détriment du local. Un public existe mais il demeure majoritairement composé de personnels administratifs et de particuliers dont le besoin documentaire se borne souvent à la consultation du Journal officiel. La réussite d’autres types de recherches se heurte à l’éparpillement des fonds et au manque d’outils de recherche. L’observation des logiques d’usage confirme la surreprésentation des usages administratifs, la faiblesse de la sollicitation généalogique et l’existence de stratégies de contournements des organismes de conservation officiels. À côté d’eux ou hors d’eux, des initiatives privées de sauvegarde et valorisation des archives existent. Elles prouvent l’intérêt qu’y porte une partie de la population, y compris expatriée. Au-delà de ces traits communs, trois destins archivistiques se distinguent : un système malgache encore en construction reposant sur des Archives nationales déjà fortes ; une normalisation progressive à Mayotte sur un modèle départemental ; la faillite du modèle comorien qui bloque tout développement archivistiqueBetween 1960 and 1975, thanks to the decolonization process, two independent countries and one remaining French territory succeeded the former colony of Madagascar. The question of the evolution of the archival systems in this area, their potential diversification as well as their current maturity, is raised in this context. In Madagascar, in the Comoros as in Mayotte, the creation of archives has not materialized yet and still remains a commendable intention, which results from a lack of funding and because of political instability. Archival organizations fail to preserve all archives and collection focuses on the central level at the expense of the local one. A demand for them exists, but those who show an interest are largely composed of administrative staff and individuals whose documentary needs are often limited to consulting the Official Journal. The success of other research approaches is limited because of the scattering of funds and lack of research tools. Observations of user behaviors confirm the overrepresentation of administrative staff, the weak genealogical research and the existence of circumvention strategies of official conservation organizations. Beside them or out of them, private initiatives of backup and valorization of archives exist. They prove that a part of the population is interested in it, including expatriates. Beyond these common features, three archival destinies stand out : a Madagascan system still under construction based on already strong National Archives ; a gradual normalization in Mayotte on a departmental model; the failure of the Comorian model which hampers all archival development
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Lusher, Dean Stewart. "Masculinities in local contexts : structural, individual and cultural interdependencies /." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/0002448.
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Nordin, Hanna. "Storing Stories : Digital Render of Momentous Living Archives." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172696.
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Storytelling presented in digital archives can provide indigenous communities with a voice needed to tell stories and thus enhance the society’s understanding for that community. The objective was to evaluate a digital archive prototype from a perspective of rendering Sami stories and storytelling. This was done by collecting data with the method Research through Design where a prototype was designed and demonstrated in two steps to the indigenous people of Scandinavia known as the Sami people. The findings suggest that the prototype can render Sami storytelling to some extent but that digital archives, in regard to indigenous cultures, must be designed with sensitive ethicalities in mind. These digital archives must also be designed so that immersive stories can be rendered whilst also providing the indigenous people the right to be prosumers in order to provide them the empowerment to own their own culture. These issues and future research are discussed in the paper.
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Amicone, Patricia Weigel. "Multimedia technology as a presentation and archival tool for teaching history/social science." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1300.
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This project was created to provide teachers with a model multimedia project that demonstrates the use of multimedia as both a presentation tool and an archival instrument. It provides teachers with a simple guide to help them teach students how to use multimedia as a productivity tool in the classroom. This outline gives a step by step format that guides teachers and students through the development and presentation process. In addition, an evaluation rubric is provided that offers teachers a concise means to monitor student learning.
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Brinkhurst, Emma. "Music, memory and belonging : oral tradition and archival engagement among the Somali community of London's King's Cross." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2012. http://research.gold.ac.uk/7994/.
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This thesis focuses on the transmission and role of poetry and song within the Somali community in London’s King’s Cross, which has developed since 1991 as Somalis have fled from violence in their homeland. I explore the relationship between past and present, continuity and change within Somali oral artforms, and the role of song and poetry in transmitting cultural knowledge. I also consider the potential of sound archives – specifically the British Library’s World and Traditional Music section, which neighbours the Somali community in King’s Cross – to support the continuation of oral tradition and impact upon individual and collective memory processes within diasporic communities. I demonstrate the ongoing role of poetry and song in mediating and communicating relationship with place and negotiating multiple subjectivities among Somalis in the diaspora, presenting examples of Somali community members in King’s Cross renewing, constructing and expressing sense of belonging to different locales and group identities through composing, listening to, discussing and performing song and poetry. With “proactive archiving” (drawing on Edmonson’s “proactive access” 2004: 20) at the heart of my methodology, I elucidate the relationship between song as an archival form and the place and practice of ethnomusicology sound archives, demonstrating the challenges and benefits of engaging diasporic communities with archival recordings. I consider the dynamism of the Somali oral network and the ongoing mobility and change experienced by Somali residents of King’s Cross, which stands in notable contradistinction to the permanence and fixity of the British Library, and I call for a move forward from the notion of proactive archiving to one of sustainable archiving – an approach that would empower community members to record and archive their personal musical heritage in a systematic and ongoing way.
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Futterer, Patricia. "Cultural studies of science : skinning bodies in Western medicine." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23332.
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This thesis explores the cultural implications underlying the medical practice of cutting human flesh. The examination focuses, in particular, on the function of representational technologies--from anatomy sketches to computer imaging--in the scientific understanding of the body in the West. By foregrounding the technologies of representation which inform and have directed a history of surgery, it is hoped that the cultural aspects of modern medicine will be made apparent. This thesis argues that while science benefitted from art to construct its image of 'the' body, it has had to rid itself of art in order to justify its empirical claims. The study concludes with a discussion of the work of the French performance artist Orlan who uses plastic surgery in a performative setting to deconstruct these very claims.
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Jacinto, Irlanda Esteli. "Cultural Competence in the Archive: A Case Study of the University of Houston Hip Hop Collection." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311355.
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Hip hop is a counter cultural movement that emerged in the 1970s in the South Bronx; it has since grown to be a global movement. It is a counter culture that emerges in the post-segregated, post-industrial, and globalized world. Since 2002, archival collections that document hip hop have manifested within academic institutions. Placing hip hop in academic institutions that have historically served as manifestations of hegemony can lead to codification and commodification. This case study examines the University of Houston Hip Hop Collection and explains the establishment of the archive using the cultural competence framework. It concludes that staff at the University of Houston is culturally competent. The case study suggests that building culturally competent archivists can be tool to ensuring representation within an archive of all facets of society.
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Nogueira, Marta Maria Gonçalves Bilreiro Fialho. "A difusão cultural no arquivo nacional e arquivos distritais portugueses: exposições documentais (1990-2009)." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/11882.
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Dissertação de mestrado, Escola de Ciências Sociais, Universidade de Évora, 2013A presente dissertação, intitulada A difusão cultural no Arquivo Nacional e Arquivos distritais portugueses: as exposições documentais (1990-2009), visa constituir um contributo para a reflexão teórica sobre uma das funções dos Arquivos, a difusão, especificamente a difusão cultural. Pretende-se aprofundar o seu actual enquadramento teórico e contribuir para o conhecimento da prática desta função no Arquivo Nacional e nos Arquivos distritais e equiparados, com incidência nas exposições documentais. Numa abordagem que parte da ideia de consolidação dos Arquivos enquanto entidades reconhecidas e valorizadas por um público geral, objectivamos um aprofundamento da exposição enquanto meio de difusão do património arquivístico com a identificação de um conjunto de boas práticas para a produção de exposições documentais. O estudo pretende contribuir para o alargamento da reflexão teórica da difusão cultural na Arquivística portuguesa e contribuir para um maior conhecimento da prática dessa função.
This study, entitled Public outreach in the National Archives and Portuguese district archives: exhibitions of documents (1990-2009), is a contribution to a theoretical framework on one of the Archives missions: the public outreach. Our purpose is to deepen their current theoretical framework and contribute to the knowledge of the practice of this mission at the National Archives, district archives and equivalent archives, focusing on exhibitions mainly with documents. Starting from the idea of consolidation of Archives as socially valued entities by the general public, the concept of exhibition as means of outreach of the documental heritage is deepened with the identification of a set of best practices for exhibitions of documents. The study aims to contribute to the enlargement of the theoretical framework of public outreach in Portuguese Archives and contribute to a better understanding of the practice of this mission.
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Cruz, Jorge Alberto Soares. "PRONTUÁRIO ELETRÔNICO DE PACIENTES (PEP): POLÍTICAS E REQUISITOS NECESSÁRIOS À IMPLANTAÇÃO NO HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO DE SANTA MARIA (HUSM)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10976.
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This research related the implications of the deployment and use of Electronic
Patients Record at University Hospital of Santa Maria, and his involvement with the
archives science principles and concepts. This is justified by the presumption that the
theoretical models existing are devoid of theoretical and archival authenticity and
reliability. The focus of this study was grounded on objectives that intertwine and
complement: strategies that include aspects of preservation of electronic documents
and their relationship with the authenticity and reliability of the information, the study
and analysis of some models of software for PEP, which was a parallel track with the
current legislation, presentation of a metadata schema with potential for use in PEP,
from the analysis and study of e-Arqu Brasil, a study of PEP as memory and cultural
heritage. A qualitative research was applied, and was used a compound of issues
related to the objectives, too. The results are founded on the principle that all archival
work should be related to reality documentary that is known through the collection of
information essential to the development of a scientific investigation. It was possible
to verify the absence of involvement of archivists in the implementation and
development of a PEP system, a difficult task that requires capability and technical
skills of professionals and intellectuals engaged. It is concluded by advocating the
PEP with the document archive for permanent preservation, and as an object of
study for professionals in health, information technology, historians, sociologists and
archivists.A presente pesquisa aborda aspectos relacionados às implicações da implantação e uso do Prontuário Eletrônico de Pacientes no Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, e seu envolvimento com princípios e conceitos da arquivística. Este trabalho justifica-se pela presunção teórica de que os modelos de PEPs existentes estão desprovidos de referenciais teóricos arquivísticos como autenticidade e confiabilidade. O foco do estudo foi alicerçado em objetivos que se entrelaçam e se complementam: aspectos que incluem as estratégias de preservação de documentos eletrônicos e seu relacionamento com a autenticidade e confiabilidade das informações; o estudo e a análise de alguns modelos de software para PEP, onde foi traçado um paralelo com a legislação vigente; apresentação de um esquema de metadados com potencial de uso no PEP, a partir da análise e estudo do e-Arqu Brasil; o estudo do PEP como memória e patrimônio cultural. Realizou-se uma pesquisa aplicada de caráter qualitativo e para a coleta de dados foi utilizado um formulário compostos de questões relacionadas aos objetivos desta pesquisa. Os resultados obtidos estão alicerçados no princípio de que todo o trabalho arquivístico deve estar relacionado à realidade documental, conhecida através da coleta de informações essenciais ao desenvolvimento de uma investigação cientifica. Constatou-se a ausência do envolvimento de arquivistas na implantação e desenvolvimento de um sistema de PEP, tarefa difícil que exige competências e habilidades técnicas e intelectuais dos profissionais engajados. Conclui-se, defendendo o PEP como documento arquivístico de preservação permanente e como objeto de estudo de profissionais da área de saúde, tecnologia da informação, historiadores, sociólogos e arquivistas.
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Fitch, Michelle L. "Native American Empowerment Through Digital Repatriation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2291.
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Following the Enlightenment, Western adherence to positivist theory influenced practices of Western research and documentation. Prior to the introduction of positivism into Western scholarship, innovations in printing technology, literary advancements, and the development of capitalism encouraged the passing of copyright statutes by nation-states in fifteenth century Europe. The evolution of copyright and positivism in Europe influenced United States copyright and its protection of the author, as well as the practice of archiving and its role in interpreting history. Because Native American cultures practiced orality, they suffered the loss of their traditional knowledge and cultural expressions not protected by copyright. By incorporating postmodern perspectives on archiving and poststructuralist views on the formation of knowledge, this thesis argues that Native American tribes now use Western forms of digital technology to create archives, record their histories, and reclaim control of their traditional cultural expressions.
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Martin, Nina. "The Activist’s Game : How do intersectionally marginalised independent game designers contribute to social justice movements? How does their digital artistic practice disrupt archival practices?" Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43418.
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This Degree Project (DP) focuses on an under-researched area in the field of ComDev, namely the study of entertaining games. It explores and asks how independent and intersectionally marginalised game designers contribute to social justice movements. The trajectory of this DP is informed by responses to an online survey with 49 diasporic gamers of colour in the socalled global North. The game design practices researched encompass artistic, technological and archival endeavours. These are positioned within the individualistic, community and societal factors surrounding the participants of this research. Seven independent game designers of colour in Europe and the US were interviewed via video calls and a Foucauldian Discourse Analysis is applied to analyse their responses. The literature review considers previous research on the potential and flaws of new technologies, on game design as an art practice, on art as a social movement and on community, identity and demography in games. The consequential theoretical framework is based on a Critical Race theoretical and practical approach. In a commitment to intersectionality it further applies queer theory and postcolonial theory as its pillars to conducting this subjectivist qualitative research. The findings suggest that game designers exist at the intersection of art, technology and industry and hold the agency to contribute to social movements. They may do so through an empowerment lens and community efforts, while not claiming the title of an activist per say. Through further research their contribution to development may be further explored.
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Horning-Kossler, William. "A Critique of Ronald Inglehart's Theory of Cultural Shift." W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625904.
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Nogueira, Marta Maria Gonçalves Bilreiro Fialho. "A difusão cultural no Arquivo Nacional e Arquivos distritais portugueses: exposições documentais (1990-2009)." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/4140.
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Dissertação de mestrado, Escola de Ciências Sociais, Universidade de Évora, 2013A presente dissertação, intitulada A difusão cultural no Arquivo Nacional e Arquivos distritais portugueses: as exposições documentais (1990-2009), visa constituir um contributo para a reflexão teórica sobre uma das funções dos Arquivos, a difusão, especificamente a difusão cultural. Pretende-se aprofundar o seu actual enquadramento teórico e contribuir para o conhecimento da prática desta função no Arquivo Nacional e nos Arquivos distritais e equiparados, com incidência nas exposições documentais. Numa abordagem que parte da ideia de consolidação dos Arquivos enquanto entidades reconhecidas e valorizadas por um público geral, objectivamos um aprofundamento da exposição enquanto meio de difusão do património arquivístico com a identificação de um conjunto de boas práticas para a produção de exposições documentais. O estudo pretende contribuir para o alargamento da reflexão teórica da difusão cultural na Arquivística portuguesa e contribuir para um maior conhecimento da prática dessa função.
This study, entitled Public outreach in the National Archives and Portuguese district archives: exhibitions of documents (1990-2009), is a contribution to a theoretical framework on one of the Archives missions: the public outreach. Our purpose is to deepen their current theoretical framework and contribute to the knowledge of the practice of this mission at the National Archives, district archives and equivalent archives, focusing on exhibitions mainly with documents. Starting from the idea of consolidation of Archives as socially valued entities by the general public, the concept of exhibition as means of outreach of the documental heritage is deepened with the identification of a set of best practices for exhibitions of documents. The study aims to contribute to the enlargement of the theoretical framework of public outreach in Portuguese Archives and contribute to a better understanding of the practice of this mission.
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Solano, Maria Schelle. "Art, Commerce, and Social Transformation: Public Art And the Marketing of Philadelphia." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/184817.
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AnthropologyPh.D.
The field site for this US-based ethnography is the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The overwhelming presence of murals in the urban landscape calls into question how these figurative wall-sized paintings improve the lives and neighborhoods in which these paintings are found. With Philadelphia suffering the consequences of deindustrialization and neoliberal globalization, characterized by high poverty and inequality, and consistently low rankings in quality of life indicators by the national media, what role do murals play in change? Do murals mask urban problems by literally painting over blight, and, therefore distract from vital issues? Alternately, are murals a beacon of hope in an aging post-industrialized city? How do these murals contribute to the city - socially, culturally, and economically? This research study employs the following in its methodology: archival research, participant observation, interviews, visual and audio documentation, web site analysis of the Mural Arts Program's public transcript, and documentation of contemporary media coverage of the MAP and tourism related economic strategies. Over the course of its almost thirty-year history, the MAP has seen its mission shift from dealing with erasing graffiti, to helping transform (i.e. empower and motivate) communities and individuals, as a way to deal with poverty and increasing political and economic inequality. As globalization placed pressures on cities to compete in a global economy, new urban branding practices changed the scale of operations from place-based local communities (that focused on rehabilitating "at-risk" populations) to the city as a whole (city-wide murals and related projects/events), that increased local media coverage and brought the MAP to the attention of national media outlets - the kind of publicity necessary to advertise Philadelphia as an "urban brand," "The City of Murals." The promotion of Philadelphia as "The City of Murals" is premised on art having a "social life" by virtue of human interaction, and therefore, has the capacity to engage, captivate, and transform - its "value" is in being commodified and consumed. At the same time, the consumption of particular art objects and experiences demonstrates "taste" and marks social difference and maintains social hierarchies.
Temple University--Theses
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Casey, Dennis Alan. "A Cultural Study of a Science Classroom and Graphing Calculator-based Technology." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29935.
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Social, political, and technological events of the past two decades have had considerable bearing on science education. While sociological studies of scientists at work have seriously questioned traditional histories of science, national and state educational systemic reform initiatives have been enacted, stressing standards and accountability. Recently, powerful instructional technologies have become part of the landscape of the classroom. One example, graphing calculator-based technology, has found its way from commercial and domestic applications into the pedagogy of science and math education.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the culture of an "alternative" science classroom and how it functions with graphing calculator-based technology. Using ethnographic methods, a case study of one secondary, team-taught, Environmental/Physical Science (EPS) classroom was conducted. Nearly half of the 23 students were identified as students with special education needs. Over a four-month period, field data was gathered from written observations, videotaped interactions, audio taped interviews, and document analyses to determine how technology was used and what meaning it had for the participants.
Analysis indicated that the technology helped to keep students from getting frustrated with handling data and graphs. In a relatively short period of time, students were able to gather data, produce graphs, and to use inscriptions in meaningful classroom discussions. In addition, teachers used the technology as a means to involve and motivate students to want to learn science. By employing pedagogical skills and by utilizing a technology that might not otherwise be readily available to these students, an environment of appreciation, trust, and respect was fostered. Further, the use of technology by these teachers served to expand students' social capital--the benefits that come from an individual's social contacts, social skills, and social resources.Ph. D.
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Innocenti, Perla. "From cultural heritage to cultural heritage informatics : critically investigating institutions, processes and artefacts." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4658/.
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Background and rationale: Collecting is a basic human activity, a cultural phenomenon establishing cultural values, defining authenticity and creating new identities for collected objects and collectors. For more than a decade, I have studied cultural heritage collections from three key interwoven perspectives. These approaches are evident in the six publications selected for this submission: • Architectural and organisational perspective: at the Vatican Gallery (Innocenti 2001a), Uffizi (Innocenti 2003a) and Biblioteca Laurenziana (Innocenti 2002a) I investigated institutional collector and key stakeholder strategies for designing collection space and displays. I then applied this analysis to‘knowledge architecture’ for industrial design artefacts and processes (Innocenti 2004c). • Procedural and functional perspective: from Palladio drawings (Innocenti 2005a) to industrial design knowledge bases (Innocenti 2004a), I investigated how to digitize, archive, render and make accessible cultural heritage as an accurate iconic representation, interwoven with documentary and cultural contexts. The work further led me to study the authenticity of born-digital artworks (Innocenti 2012c). • Artefact perspective: I explored how artists and institutional collectors address the preservation of artworks, from the Renaissance desks of the Biblioteca Laurenziana (Innocenti 2002a) to digital artworks (Innocenti 2012c), and the historical and theoretical implications of their choices. In each of these areas, I contextualized the interrelations between cultural heritage discourse and the history of collecting cultural artefacts within given historical, social and cultural periods. My work began in Italy, where cultural heritage is deeply rooted and widespread, and moved on to encompass Europe and North America in tracing the evolution of cultural heritage collectors’ strategies. I adopted an interdisciplinary approach, engaging perspectives, methods and theoretical frameworks from art history, art theory, museography, museology, library and information science, information technology, social anthropology and engineering. Starting from this multi-focal vantage point my research has resulted in contributions to knowledge, methods and theory. These publications on one hand demonstrate the continuum of key issues in cultural heritage creation, preservation and access as manifested in the strategies of institutional collectors and artists. On the other hand, they highlight the new paradigms and transformations introduced by digital and communication technologies, the shaping of cultural heritage informatics to address these transformations and the theoretical and methodological implications underlying them. Through my scholarly research, I contributed to progressing the canonical historicisation of cultural heritage, museography and museology, and to exploring the new paradigms and transformations introduced by digital and communication technologies to the disruptive and exciting world of cultural heritage informatics. The portfolio: The portfolio is a selection from Perla Innocenti’s more than forty publications of research carried out since 2001 on cultural heritage and informatics with the Universitá degli Studi di Roma ‘La Sapienza’, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Istituto Nazionale di Archeologia e Storia dell’Arte in Rome, Pinacoteca Nazionale di Bologna, Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Fondazione Andrea Palladio, Politecnico di Milano and EU-funded projects SHAMAN and MeLa. Six scientific publications are presented: two journal articles, a scholarly treatise, a published conference paper, key chapters from a monograph and one book chapter from an edited volume. The works have two key themes relevant to the critical analysis and understanding of heritage institutions’ evolution up to the digital age. The themes illustrate the contribution each publication has made to the literature and explain the relationship between the works submitted, including developments which have occurred between one piece and another. Theme I: Evolution of museography, museology and heritage studies Three publications are presented under this theme, each of these presenting the critical analysis of cultural heritage institutions and their artefacts within the historical evolution of museums and libraries. Publication I presents the critical analysis of the museographic principles applied by Luca Beltrami to the design of the Vatican Gallery, investigated and contextualised within its museographical and cultural history (Innocenti 2001a). Publication II presents the critical analysis and findings of the museological and museographical principles applied by Corrado Ricci to the Uffizi Gallery in the 19th Century, compared with the contemporary principles in the Uffizi applied by the former Superintendent and Italian Ministry Antonio Paolucci (Innocenti 2003a). Publication III presents the analysis and original findings of Michelangelo’s ergonomic design of the Biblioteca Laurenziana fittings, within the historical evolution of libraries (Innocenti 2002a). Theme II: Creating, managing, disseminating and preserving digital cultural heritage The publications presented in this theme relate to methodologies and processes characterising diverse typologies of analogue and digital cultural heritage and the emerging field of cultural informatics. Publication IV presents the novel methodological approach defined and applied within a relevant digitization project of Andrea Palladio manuscripts and maps (Innocenti 2005a). Publication V presents the outcomes of my investigation defining and implementing an online knowledge-based system supporting research and teaching of industrial design, which is formally considered part of Italian cultural heritage (Innocenti 2004a). Publication VI discusses the repositioning of traditional conservation concepts of historicity, authenticity and versioning in relation to born-digital artworks, based on findings from my research on preservation of computer-based artefacts by public collectors (Innocenti 2012a).
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Bahng, Aimee Soogene. "Speculative acts the cultural labors of science, fiction, and empire /." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3369154.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed September 15, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 197-223).
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Pettersson, My. "Arkeologers användning av utgrävningsdokumentation : en studie av användningen av forskningsdokumentation från Labraunda." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-352647.
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This essay deals with the use of archival excavations documents among archeologists, with the focus on the Swedish excavation in Labraunda, Turkey. The purpose with this study was to facili- tate the work at archival institutions with excavation documents, and to create more knowledge about the use of archival excavation documents. This study can also help the archival institutions to preserve and mediate this type of documentation. In addition, this study also adds more knowledge about what type of archival documentation the users prefer to use. Method that have been used are interviews, which six persons that have or are working with documentation from Labraunda. In addition with, document studies are used as a complement, where publications, based on archival document from Labraunda, written by the interviewed individuals have been studied. Con- cluding of this study is that the archeologists using archived excavation documentation needs to process the documents before any contemporary analysis can be made. Moreover, it seems that it is a patchwork between using their own and others documentation, to fill in the information gaps or find similarities. Furthermore, some of the most used document types is, according to this study, photographs and drawings of ceramics.
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Martin, Sonya Nichole. "The cultural and social dimensions of successful teaching and learning in an urban science classroom." Curtin University of Technology, Science and Mathematics Education Centre, 2004. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=17096.
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This critical ethnography focused on improving the teaching and learning of chemistry in a diverse, urban, tenth-grade classroom in high-achieving magnet high school serving students of differing cultural, social, and historical backgrounds. Participants included all 26 students in the class, a university researcher (Sarah-Kate LaVan) and me as a teacher-researcher. Conducted within the methodological and theoretical frameworks of critical ethnography, this research employed collaborative research, autobiographical reflection, the sociology of emotions, and cogenerative dialogues as tools by which to examine the influence of structure and the social and historical contexts of lived experiences on teacher and student practices in the context of the science learning that took place in our classroom. The methods employed in this ethnography were designed to catalyze social transformation by identifying contradictions within structures and then finding ways to alter these structures to expand the agency of all those involved. Specifically I asked the following questions: 1) How do practices and schemas gained by being within school structures afford the structures of the classroom field? 2) How can the structures of the classroom be transformed to allow students and teachers greater exchange of capital (social, cultural, and symbolic)? 3) How does the exchange of capital afford agency for the participants? 4) How can participants' actions transform the structures associated with school and the classroom to break cycles of reproduction? Using multiple data resources such as field notes, videotape, interviews and artifacts, our research team was able to elicit and support findings at micro-, meso-, and macroscopic levels to answer these questions.This research provides evidence of the ways in which structure shapes and is shaped by the practices and beliefs of students and teachers in different fields and how those, in turn, structure fields and afford agency for both the individual and the collective. The major findings of the study reveal that students and teachers need to participate in structured conversations that explicitly define and negotiate roles and rules for successful classroom interactions. One way to accomplish this is via participation in overlapping fields of cogenerative dialogue, a feature of our research methodology that emerged as salient during our research. This study offers administrators, teachers, and students a means by which to evaluate the ways in which structures shape the learning environment. Coupled with cogenerative dialogue, participants are provided a pathway for expanding agency in the classroom and in the school.
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Lowe, John Anthony. "Social and cultural influences on students' responses to science in a Solomon Islands secondary school." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1994. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10021530/.
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In this examination of social and cultural influences on a range of responses to school science in a Solomon Island secondary school, three levels of analysis are used. At one level there is a comparison between students within the school, looking for effects from personal background characteristics. This is the dominant level of analysis of school science achievement, first through statistical correlation, but then through an attempt to understand how the experiences associated with the characteristics found to be significant may exert an effect. Two effective mechanisms are examined: the promotion of a relevant cognitive skill, and the generation of attitudes. The examination of attitudes also makes use of the second level of analysis: comparison between observations with these Solomon Island students and observations made elsewhere by other workers. This level of analysis also dominates the investigation of the development of selected scientific concepts among the students. The third level involves a comparison between students in the school concerned and those in other schools in the country. Difficulties with obtaining data from other schools leave this as the least used level of comparison in the thesis. An examination of the position of science in the students' worldview fits into none of these levels, being largely descriptive, not comparative. The position of science relative to other sources of interpretations of the world is the major concern of this section. Gender and rural/urban background are found to be the major sources of differences in response between the students. It is suggested that, even where these characteristics can be shown to be associated with cognitive differences, explanations of their effect are most usefully sought in terms of experiences, opportunities and expectations that are social and cultural in origin. In the area of conceptualisations of physical phenomena, similarities and differences are found between these Solomon Island students and those from other cultures, suggesting that such conceptualisations are determined partly through a common human physiology responding to a common physical world, and partly through the influence of culturally available sources of interpretation.
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Guillorel, Eva. "La complainte et la plainte : chansons de tradition orale et archives criminelles : deux regards croisés sur la Bretagne d'Ancien Régime (16e-18e siècles)." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354696.
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Cette recherche porte sur l'analyse approfondie d'une source jusqu'à présent peu exploitée par les historiens – la chanson de tradition orale –, dont l'apport est évalué en lien étroit avec les archives écrites et iconographiques qui constituent habituellement le fondement des études historiques. La comparaison avec les archives criminelles, d'une grande pertinence, a fait l'objet d'une attention particulière. L'enjeu est de montrer l'intérêt de croiser sources orales et écrites pour renouveler la connaissance de la société bretonne entre les 16e et 18e siècles. La critique détaillée des sources est suivie par une application des acquis méthodologiques mis en évidence. Celle-ci embrasse de larges domaines d'étude ayant trait à la culture matérielle, aux comportements sociaux et politiques, à la circulation des hommes et des idées ou encore aux sensibilités religieuses. Au croisement des sources s'ajoute l'interaction entre les méthodes d'analyse : si cette étude s'inscrit résolument dans une démarche d'historien, elle est enrichie par les acquis d'autres disciplines, notamment de l'ethnologie
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Nunez, Adaid German Alfonso. "Between technophilia, Cold War and rationality : a social and cultural history of digital art." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2015. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/12017/.
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Evoking his early personal experiences, computer art pioneer Paul Brown wrote in the mid-1990s that to work with computers was akin to a ‘kiss of death’. According to him, as a result of sheer prejudice, the majority of people in the art world did not acknowledge such artworks as interesting, valid or important. Although recurrent in the literature concerned with such art, Brown’s claims must be confronted with the relative success of artistic practices interchangeably labelled as computer, new media, cybernetic, electronic or simply digital art. However, as attested by this proliferation of labels as well as by the development of numerous dedicated awards, degrees, galleries, museums, awards and publications, the success of such practices cannot be explained by artistic merit alone. Since many in the art world do not accept these artworks, as Brown and others suggest, how can we explain the works’ success in securing and developing their own space over the course of fifty years? This thesis investigates the emergence, development and institutionalisation of the field termed here as ‘art, science and technology’ (AST) between 1965 and the mid-1970s in Europe and North America. Also recognised by the aforementioned labels (among others), AST is an umbrella term that arguably designates the artistic practices interested in the adoption, theorisation and dissemination of post-war technologies and, particularly, information technology. Yet, despite this shared interest, here I argue that it is the particular institutional arrangement of AST that best distinguishes it from other artistic practices. A direct consequence of its rejection, AST’s emergence as a separate field is here explained via a revision of its initial social and cultural contexts. Arising from the technophile cultural climate of the long 1950s, and alongside the massive investments in technology made by Western governments in the same period, early AST developed not within traditional artistic spaces but within industries and universities. In the late 1960s, however, with the rise of economic, political and social uncertainties alongside escalating international conflicts, it became increasingly difficult to justify an art produced with the tools and support of the military– industrial complex. If on the one hand artists such as Brown understood these new artworks as central to art and its history, a normative development of a new technological era, on the other hand opponents located at the centre of contemporary art lambasted these new artworks for their supposedly scientific, commercial and aesthetic pretensions. Differently from previous attempts aimed at justifying the artistic worthiness of art produced with post-war technology, this thesis presents the history of such practices from the point of view of its own struggle – that is, its fight for survival. Ultimately, here I explain and describe how AST became detached from art while claiming its status. This is an effort not interested in the merits of these practices per se but, instead, concerned with AST’s development as an autonomous and prosperous field.
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Noack, Kelsey J. ""The Coffee House (Where I Occasionally Sometimes Go)": Examining Diversity in the Urban Meat Diet of Williamsburg in the Mid-Eighteenth Century." W&M ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626587.
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Stroope, Samuel, and Joseph O. Baker. "Structural and Cultural Sources of Community in American Congregations." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/493.
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Religious institutions are among the deepest reservoirs of social belonging in America, but what determines whether belonging is cultivated in these institutions? Previous research shows that individuals’ social network composition is a primary predictor of feelings of belonging. However, less is known about how group characteristics condition the influence of social networks on belonging. We use data from the 2001 U.S. Congregational Life Survey and multilevel modeling to examine how organizational characteristics such as group size, in-group network density, and aggregate ideological uniformity moderate the effects of individual social networks on sense of belonging. Results indicate that both structural (network density, church size) and cultural (ideology) characteristics of groups significantly condition the effects of individual social networks on belonging. Smaller group size, network density, and ideological unity cultivate contexts that amplify the relationship between personal networks and belonging.
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Hunt, B. Joby. "Place-based consciousness and social transformation| Perspectives from Flagstaff, Arizona's STEM City." Thesis, Northern Arizona University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1594170.
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Since WWII, the United States has experienced unprecedented economic growth and global expansion through the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Today, STEM technological innovations permeate many aspects of the social experience, from education to career to home-life, contributing to a pervasive technocratic ideology emphasizing global U.S. economic and political superiority. Many sectors of American society now tout STEM initiatives as a premium for U.S. education, contributing to the neoliberal model of producing effective, efficient, and skilled laborers. But, does STEM necessarily contribute to those social forces that routinely devalue the principles of a liberal, democratic educational ideal?
In 2014, I investigated new forms of collaboration between the commercial sector and education system in Flagstaff, AZ. The STEM City Center is a non-profit organization that seeks to bridge the gap between community and schools by identifying local assets and sponsoring integrated STEM experiences for students. Using STEM as a conceptual tool to support interdisciplinary approaches to education, participants of this project revealed the core values that motivate social transformation in a town that borders multiple ethnic and cultural realities recognized as under assault by increasingly globalized markets. STEM City's model emphasizes increased critical thinking, collaborative learning, creativity, and effective communication and supports an implicit goal of encouraging a critically engaged, politically aware, and socially conscious society.
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Heitert, Kristen Barbara. "Social Science, Serving Bowls and the Question of Ethnicity: Deconstructing Material Culture Correlates of Ethnic Identification." W&M ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626159.
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Riffel, Alvin Daniel. "Social and cultural relevance of aspects of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS), meteorological literacy and meteorological science conceptions." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7258.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThis research study examines those aspects of Indigenous Knowledge (IK) that could be socially and culturally relevant in the Western Cape Province, South Africa, for teaching meteorological science concepts in a grade 9 Social Science (Geography) classroom using dialogical argumentation as an instructional model (DAIM). The literature reviewed in this study explains the use of argumentation as an instructional method of classroom teaching in particular dialogical argumentation, combined with IKS (Indigenous Knowledge Systems), which in this study is seen as a powerful tool both in enhancing learners’ views and positively identifying indigenous knowledge systems within their own cultures and communities, and as tool that facilitates the learning of (meteorological) literacy and science concepts. With the development of the New Curriculum Statements (NCS) and the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statements (CAPS) for schools, the Department of Basic Education (DBE) of South Africa acknowledges a strong drive towards recognising and affirming the critical role of IK, especially with respect to science and technology education. The policy suggests that the Department of Education take steps to begin the phased integration of IK into curricula and relevant accreditation frameworks. Using a quasi-experimental research design model, the study employed both quantitative and qualitative methods (mixed-methods) to collect data in two public secondary schools in Cape Town, in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. A survey questionnaire on attitudes towards, and perceptions of high school, of a group of grade 9 learners, as well as their conceptions of weather, was administered before the main study to give the researcher baseline information and to develop pilot instruments to use in the main study. An experimental group (E-group) of learners were exposed to an intervention - the results were recorded against a control group (C-group) that were exposed to no intervention. Both the E-group and C-group were exposed to a Meteorological Literacy Test (MLT) evaluation before and after the DAIM intervention. The results from the two groups were then compared and analysed according to the two theoretical frameworks underpinning the study, namely, Toulmin’s Argumentation Pattern - TAP (Toulmin, 1958) and Contiguity Argumentation Theory - CAT (Ogunniyi, 1997). The findings of this study revealed that: Firstly, the socio-cultural background of learners has an influence on their conceptions of weather prediction and there was a significant difference between boy’s and girls’ pre-test conceptions about the existence of indigenous knowledge systems within the community they live in. For instance, from the learners’ excerpts, it emerged that the girls presented predominantly rural experiences as opposed to those of the boys which were predominantly from urban settings. Secondly, those E-group learners exposed to the DAIM intervention shifted from being predominantly equipollent to the school science to emergent stances and they found a way of connecting their IK to the school science. The DAIM model which allowed argumentation to occur amongst learners seemed to have enhanced their understanding of the relevance of IK and how its underlying scientific claims relate to that of school science. Thirdly, the argumentation-based instructional model was found to be effective to a certain extent in equipping the in-service teachers with the necessary argumentation skills that could enable them to take part in a meaningful discourse. The study drew on the personal experiences and encounters from a variety of sources. These included storytelling-and sharing, academic talks with local community members recorded during the research journey, formal round table discussion and talks at international and local conferences, conference presentations, informal interviews, indigenous chats at social event-meetings, and shared experiences at IKS training workshops as a facilitator. These encounters lead to the formulation of the research study and occurred throughout the country in various parts of the Southern African continent including: Namibia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Botswana, Tanzania and Mozambique.
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Mengistu, Dawit Bezu. "Social Science Studies and Experiments with Web Applications." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DM), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-78122.
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This thesis explores a web-based method to do studies in cultural evolution. Cumulative cultural evolution (CCE) is defined as social learning that allows for the accumulation of changes over time where successful modifications are maintained until additional change is introduced. In the past few decades, many interdisciplinary studies were conducted on cultural evolution. However, until recently most of those studies were limited to lab experiments. This thesis aims to address the limitations of the experimental methods by replicating a lab-based experiment online. A web-based application was developed and used for replicating an experiment on conformity by Solomon Asch [1951]. The developed application engages participants in an optical illusion test within different groups of social influence. The major finding of the study reveals that conformity increases on trials with higher social influence. In addition, it was also found that when the task becomes more difficult, the subject's conformity increases. These findings were also reported in the original experiment. The results of the study showed that lab-based experiments in cultural evolution studies can be replicated over the web with quantitatively similar results.
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Alshammari, Ahmad Shallal. "A socio-cultural investigation of science curriculum reform and implementation in Kuwait : perspectives of teachers, students and curriculum reformers." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/15596.
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In 2008 the Ministry of Education in Kuwait began to reform the science curriculum in schools at all academic stages: primary (grades 1-5), intermediate (6-9) and secondary (10-12). The new science curriculum was adapted from an original curriculum which had been designed and published by the Amercan company Pearson-Scott Foreman. This study explores the perspectives of science teachers and students concerning the new science curriculum for the sixth and seventh grades (students aged 11 to 15) in the State of Kuwait. The study also investigated the process of the reform and the roles that science teachers and students performed in this reform process. The study used Sociocultural Theory as a framework to examine the science curriculum reform process and to discuss findings. A multi-method design was used with both quantitative and qualitative methods to collect the data: science teachers’ and students’ questionnaires; interviews with science teachers, students and science curriculum reformers; and classroom observations. The study sample was selected randomly. The questionnaire was conducted with 310 science teachers and 647 students. 11 science teachers, nine reformers and 30 students (five in each of six focus groups) were chosen to conduct in-depth interviews. Ten classroom observations were conducted with four science teachers. The study indicated that the science curriculum reform process was controlled centrally by the Ministry of Education and teachers and students did not participate in any stage of the reform process. The findings also found that many of the science teachers and students held negative views about the new science curriculum. They felt that the content of the new curriculum does not relate very well to Kuwaiti culture, to the Islamic religion and that the curriculum objectives needed to be more clear and achievable. The findings showed that many of the students indicated that they have difficulty understanding much of the content and did not enjoy studying science. Most of the teachers indicated that they faced challenges in teaching the new science curriculum. These included a lack of instructional tools, lack of teacher autonomy, the amount of material that needed covering and large class sizes. This study recommends reviewing the new science curriculum (now currently in use) taking into account the perspectives of teachers and students. It recommends that in carrying out curriculum reform the Ministry of Education be encouraged to provide guidance in the form of instructional tools and professional development programmes for teachers. These should be designed to help teachers develop the pedagogic skills needed to address the complex relationships between science and culture and between science and religion.
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Wood, Jason A. "More Than a Feeling: Measuring the Impact of Affect and Socio-Cultural Differences on Vote Choice." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1307321687.
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Gabay, Nadav. "The political origins of social science the cultural transformation of the British parliament and the emergence of scientific policymaking, 1803-1857 /." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3274830.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed October 9, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 449-472).
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Furusawa, Katsuto. "Values and democracy postmaterialist shift versus cultural particularity in Russia, the USA, Britain and Japan /." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/247/.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2008.Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Department of Politics, Faculty of Law, Business and Social Sciences, University of Glasgow, 2008. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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Hutson, Sydney Nicole. "Understanding Social, Legal, Economic, and Spatial Barriers to Healthcare Access in El Paso County, Texas Colonias| An Examination of Structural Violence Using Mixed Methods." Thesis, University of Colorado at Denver, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10276261.
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Healthcare access is a highly reported problem for immigrant populations in the United States, especially for Hispanic migrants at the US-Mexico border. This statement holds particularly true for populations living in unincorporated communities known as colonias in the borderland region. Residents of a colonia are estimated to suffer from preventable or treatable illnesses including tuberculosis, hepatitis A, cholera, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, depression, substance abuse, among other health problems, at two to four times the national average (Matthiesen 1997; Anders et al. 2010:366; Mier et al. 2013:208; Sharkey et al. 2011; Davidhizar 1999). This apparent disparity is a result of unequal healthcare access due to social, legal, economic, and physical/spatial barriers. Using a structural violence framework as a lens, this study attempted to determine the barriers impeding access to healthcare for colonia residents, as well as analyze the interrelationships between the types of barriers. This study utilized semi-structured interviews to gain an understanding of perceived social, legal, spatial/physical, and other suggested barriers preventing healthcare access in El Paso County, TX colonias. In order to fully demonstrate the role of spatial/physical barriers on access to care, this study utilized Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to map obstacles in the targeted communities.
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Abdollahyan, Hamid. "The generations gap in contemporary Iran." Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/texte_eingeschraenkt_welttrends/2010/4716/.
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This paper offers a new theoretical framework for studying the problem of generations and social change in contemporary Iran. It offers a model which is called „articulation of cultural modes“. The paper agrees with Ronald Inglehart that ‘culture’ is now playing a more dominant role in the social formation of current societies, as ‘technology’ once did in the modern era. But it goes one step further by arguing that culture cannot be approached as a holistic concept building on a comprehensive theoretical framework.
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Harbury, Katharine E. "Colonial Virginia's Cooking Dynasty: Women's Spheres and Culinary Arts." W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625865.
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Min, Seong Jae. "Deliberation, East Meets West: Exploring the Cultural Dimension of Citizen Deliberation." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243277918.
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Singh, Ajay Sarangdevot. "Cultural Worldview, Psychological Distance, and Americans’ Support for Climate Mitigation and Adaptation Policy." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1420799123.
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Krebs, Vaughn M. "Making Experts: An Ethnographic Study of “Makers” in FabLabs in Japan." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/anthro_etds/45.
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“Makers” around the world cohere in a digital and physical network of technology hobbyists. “Makers" are open-source hardware enthusiasts who use machines like 3D printers and laser cutters - manufacturing tools that have only recently become accessible to laypeople - to make things. “Makers" share a vision for a world where everyone would be able to make almost anything, supplanting top-down economic systems and channels of production. This ethnographic research examines a subset of the “maker” community: “makers” in “FabLabs” in Japan. These “FabLabs” are small workshops that house the machines that “makers” need and make them open to the public.
Drawing on 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork in Japan, this dissertation argues that the network of people, spaces, and machines remains coherent not because of common cultural forces like capitalist ambition, religion, geographic proximity, or even nationality. Rather, the coherence is more precisely understood - in the frame of science and technology studies - by examining the cohesive force of newly invented rituals and “active” ideas that engender hope and spur action toward a shared vision. Furthermore, the FabLab community in Japan exemplifies a novel culture of expertise wherein laypeople call on experts as-needed to accomplish their personal ambitions, flipping the usual understanding of expertise as a guarded product of insular cultural systems. I examine this unique culture of expertise and outline types of expertise developing from this dynamic, disparate, and impressively coherent FabLab network in Japan.
Drawing on my ethnographic observations, I argue that laypeople, still bounded by political-economic forces in Japan, nevertheless are exercising a degree of agency that was previously the domain only of experts in manufacturing. This action by laypeople is what activates sufficient cohesive activity to sustain the community in the absence of more traditional social cohesive forces.
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Fors, Vaike. "The Missing Link in Learning in Science Centres." Doctoral thesis, Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2006. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2006/07.
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Thiemer-Sachse, Ursula. "La visión de Alejandro de Humboldt de la situación social y cultural de los indígenas mexicanos contemporáneos, tal como fue reflejada en su diario de viaje y en el “Ensayo Político del Reino de la Nueva España”." Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4247/.
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Es de mucho interés saber cómo Alejandro de Humboldt se comportó frente a los indígenas contemporáneos, a quienes tenía muchas veces a su lado en su calidad de acompañantes de viaje y como ayudantes durante muchas actividades científicas e investigaciones. Humboldt, convencido de la unidad del género humano y de la capacidad de superación que tenía todo hombre si se le permitía el acceso a la educación, aceptó a los indígenas con pleno humanismo y respeto. Reconoció sus habilidades especiales y consecuentemente les proporcionó apoyo en muchas situaciones. Esto se puede verificar en base al estudio de sus diarios de viaje durante su estancia en la Nueva España y de México. Este comportamiento hizo que se distinguiera de la mayoría de sus coetáneos de las altas capas sociales dentro de la sociedad colonial hispanoamericana.Es ist von großem Interesse zu erfahren, wie sich Alexander von Humboldt den zeitgenössischen Indianern gegenüber verhielt, die er oft genug auf seiner Amerikareise als Gefährten und Hilfe bei seinen Unternehmungen und wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen an seiner Seite hatte. Humboldt, der von der Einheit des Menschengeschlechts und der Bildungsfähigkeit aller Menschen überzeugt war, akzeptierte die Indigenen voller Humanismus und Respekt. Er anerkannte ihre besonderen Fähigkeiten und vertraute sich ihnen mehrfach an. Dies lässt sich an seinen Tagebuchnotizen während des Aufenthaltes in Neuspanien, d. h. Mexiko feststellen. Darin unterschied er sich entscheidend von den meisten Zeitgenossen der höheren sozialen Schichten der spanischamerikanischen Kolonialgesellschaft.
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Liao, Han-Teng. "Cultural politics of user-generated encyclopaedias : comparing Chinese Wikipedia and Baidu Baike." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:45359c48-8e20-43d2-aee5-fc17fd5916d6.
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The question of how the Internet affects existing geo-cultural or geo-linguistic communities in relation to nation-states has continued to receive attention among academics and policymakers alike. Language-based technologies and services that aggregate, index, and distribute materials online may reshape pre-existing boundaries of the relationship between users and content, for instance with different language versions of user-generated encyclopaedias or different local versions of search engines. By comparing two major Chinese online encyclopaedias, Baidu Baike and Chinese Wikipedia, this thesis investigates whether the Internet overcomes, shifts, or reinforces boundaries among Chinese language users. The Chinese language provides an excellent case for examining the boundary question. While the Internet can potentially connect the largest number of native speakers around the world, the majority (i.e. those from mainland China) face an Internet censorship and filtering regime that may limit this very potential. Modern Chinese history has also complicated the cultural-political boundaries among the regions of mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. This thesis compares the conditions and outcomes of their respective editorial processes, content features, and users’ reception. Multiple findings emerge from a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, including content analysis, webometrics, and search engine result visibility tests. These methods show that boundaries are drawn in the process of creating, linking, and searching content on the Chinese Internet. Their geolinguistic extent differs, a phenomenon that reflects the cultural-political division between mainland China and the rest of Chinese-speaking world. Both the findings and methods of the thesis have important implications for research and policy for understanding the globalizing regionalization and nationalization effects of the Internet.
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Ritosa, Andrea. "Interventions Supporting Mathematics and Science In-service and Pre-service Teachers' Cultural Responsiveness : A Systematic Literature Review from 1995-2017." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, CHILD, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-35746.
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Culturally responsive education has been an actual topic in teacher education for decades, but most teachers still finish their education without appropriate knowledge and skills for teaching in culturally and linguistically diverse classrooms. Providing quality education to diverse learners remains a challenge, particularly in the fields of mathematics and sciences. The purpose of this systematic literature review was to describe intervention programs preparing in-service and pre-service math and science teachers for teaching in culturally diverse classrooms, and the outcomes of such programs. A search for scholarly journals evaluating such intervention programs has been carried out in several databases, resulting in nine articles included in the analysis. Intervention programs described in these articles covered several important aspects of culturally relevant education and had a limited success in developing cultural responsiveness of teachers. The construct of culturally relevant education is complex and multi-layered, and thus hard to measure without simplifying it to measurable constructs. Limitations of the study and implications for the future research and practice are discussed.
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Fitzgerald, Jenrose D. "SCIENCE WARS AS CULTURE WARS: FRACKING AND THE BATTLE FOR THE HEARTS AND MINDS OF WOMEN." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/sociology_etds/18.
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In this thesis, I examine how claims regarding the environmental and health impacts of hydraulic fracturing or “fracking” are constructed by industry advocates who promote the practice and environmental and social justice groups who reject it. More specifically, I examine the cultural underpinnings of the debate over fracking, and the prominence of gender as a central framing device in that debate. While the controversy over fracking is often presented as scientific or technical in nature, I maintain that it is as much a culture war as it is a science war. I demonstrate this by showing how both pro-fracking and anti-fracking groups mobilize cultural symbols and identities—motherhood, environmentalism, family farming, family values, individualism, and patriotism among them—in order to persuade the public and advocate for their positions. I contend that engagement with the cultural and ideological dimensions of those debates, including their gendered dimensions, is as important as engagement with its scientific and technical dimensions. Ultimately, I argue that a greater focus on gender contributes to our understanding of environmental risk more broadly, and to the field of environmental sociology as a whole. As such, gender deserves more scholarly attention within the field than it is currently receiving.
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Retano, Melissa Garrison. "The Discourse of Gay & Lesbian Adoption: Constructing the issue for the public." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/31559.
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Mass Media and CommunicationPh.D.
This dissertation examines the public construction of gay and lesbian adoption by looking at the public discourse surrounding the issue. A discourse analysis was conducted of five print news publications and twenty interviews were conducted with participants in the issue. The goals of this research project included assessing how participants in the gay and lesbian adoption issue sought to influence its public construction, what frames they employed, how they interacted publicly with other participants, and how they constructed their identities and the identities of other participants. Other goals included assessing how the print news media covered the issue and how the participants strategized to garner media attention. The results indicate that the discourse of gay and lesbian adoption includes dominant themes, including the best interests of children, the definition of family, civil rights, and social science research. Within these themes, participants sponsor opposing frames, interacting with each other through their discursive strategies. Overall, print news coverage of the issue tended to reflect the opposing discourses of proponents and opponents of gay and lesbian adoption although more recent coverage tended to favor proponents. This dissertation contributes to the research areas of British cultural studies, social constructionism, media studies, and framing. The results have implications for those who advocate for political and social change as they indicate that proponents of gay and lesbian adoption are finding success through a negotiation strategy of advocating for change while upholding existing American cultural values.
Temple University--Theses
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Mullins, Daniel Austin. "The evolution of literacy : a cross-cultural account of literacy's emergence, spread, and relationship with human cooperation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:98d1f155-c96d-4ba0-ac36-c610d3d7454c.
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Social theorists have long argued that literacy is one of the principal causes and hallmark features of complex society. However, the relationship between literacy and social complexity remains poorly understood because the relevant data have not been assembled in a way that would allow competing hypotheses to be adjudicated. The project set out in this thesis provides a novel account of the multiple origins of literate behaviour around the globe, the principal mechanisms of its cultural transmission, and its relationship with the cultural evolution of large-group human cooperation and complex forms of socio-political organisation. A multi-method large-scale cross-cultural approach provided the data necessary to achieve these objectives. Evidence from the societies within which literate behaviour first emerged, and from a representative sample of ethnographically-attested societies worldwide (n=74), indicates that literate behaviour emerged through the routinization of rituals and pre-literate sign systems, eventually spreading more widely through classical religions. Cross-cultural evidence also suggests that literacy assumed a wide variety of forms and socio-political functions, particularly in large, complex groups, extending evolved psychological mechanisms for cooperation, which include reciprocity, reputation formation and maintenance systems, social norms and norm enforcement systems, and group identification. Finally, the results of a cross-cultural historical survey of first-generation states (n=10) reveal that simple models assuming single cause-and-effect relationships between literacy and complex forms of socio-political organisation must be rejected. Instead, literacy and first-generation state-level polities appear to have interacted in a complex positive feedback loop. This thesis contributes to the wider goal of transforming social and cultural anthropology into a cumulative and rapid-discovery science.
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Akyelken, Nihan. "Capital and development in social and cultural contexts : an empirical investigation on transport infrastructure development and female labour force in Turkey." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:01b1cb7a-aac9-436f-82c5-eb7ab8db138c.
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Non-economic factors like culture and politics, as well as the socio-economic background, matter significantly in directing economic development endeavours towards social wellbeing. Therefore, the current narrow definition of economic development must be extended to include overall wellbeing. As one of the primary forms of physical capital constituting a regional economy, transport investments have played a significant role in development plans. Given that accessibility to social infrastructure is a basic need, certain levels of infrastructure are essential. How these investments have an impact on different groups of individuals has kept many scholars busy for a long time. However, the economic spillover effects of these investments into female labour markets have remained largely unexplored. Situating the implications of development initiatives, including transport investments, for female labour markets in social and cultural contexts requires an integrated view of the regional economy. Although economic geography and existing development theories provide extensive conceptual models to elucidate the links between transport, labour markets and culture, the methodological implications are obscure; hence, the empirical evidence remains weak. This thesis explores the economic and non-economic dynamics of regional economies to clarify the links between transport infrastructure, labour markets, and social and cultural conditions. In particular, the association between female labour forces and development efforts, in the form of transport infrastructure development, is conceptually and empirically examined. This thesis conducts a case study on Turkey. With the extensive infrastructure investment that has been made since 2002 and the extremely low rates of female labour force participation (around 25%), compared to EU-15 and OECD averages of around 65%, Turkey serves as an illuminating case. Theoretically, the study shows that the focus of transport economics on the economic growth effect of investments is not consistent with current efforts to extend economic development objectives: transport research requires a broader view to assess its development implications. The study demonstrates how the interactions between the economic, physical, political, cultural and socio-economic attributes of regions significantly affect how individuals benefit from the investments. The overarching policy implications of the study are useful for regional development policy with a gender focus: complementary policy interventions in human capital development and the consideration of social and cultural attitudes should strengthen the positive impacts of physical investments on female labour markets.
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Burke, Lauren. "Computer Science Education at The Claremont Colleges: The Building of an Intuition." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/875.
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In this thesis, I discuss how the undergraduate computer scientist is trained, and how they learn what I am calling computational intuition. Computational intuition describes the methodology in which computer scientists approach their problems and solve them through the use of computers. Computational intuition is a series of skills and a way of thinking or approaching problems that students learn throughout their education. The main way that computational intuition is taught to students is through the experience they gain as they work on homework and classwork problems. To develop computational intuition, students learn explicit knowledge and techniques as well as knowledge that is tacit and harder to teach within the lectures of a classroom environment. Computational intuition includes concepts that professors and students discuss which include “computer science intuition,” “computational thinking,” general problem solving skills or heuristics, and trained judgement. This way of learning is often social, and I draw on the pedagogy of cognitive apprenticeship to understand the interactions between the professors, tutors, and other students help learners gain an understanding of the “computer science intuition.” It is this method of thinking that computer scientists at the Claremont Colleges have stated as being one of the most essential items that should be taught and gained throughout their education and signals a wider understanding of computer science as a field.
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Sampaio, Debora Adriano. "Vozes do silêncio: memória, representações e identidade no Museu do Ceará." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2011. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/3908.
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Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-16T15:23:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2011-09-13Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Analyzes the construction and the relationship of the concepts of memory, information representation and cultural identity and with this interdisciplinary area of information science, from its assumptions and epistemological paradigms. In order to contextualizethis research, it is a historical and cultural the Ceará Museum, from its origins to thepresent day. Points to the methodological aspects, which will guide the development and production of this, with regard to the type and method of research, as well asinstruments used for data collection. Covers talking to some theorists, from theconceptual aspects of memory, time and history, relations between past, present and future. Thus, identifying the memory as a dynamic instrument of social transformation. It reflects on the object, checking its symbolic value, which can be viewed as a document - memory material. Conjecture about the theme of culture, historical perspectives, conceptual and anthropological, weaving, brainstorming about ways to influence the life of society and understanding of the construction of cultural identity. Discusses andanalyzes the data and information collected, dialoguing with the theoretical frameworkexplored and discussed, from the content analysis technique. Finally, consider the importance of project work for the Applied Social Sciences and Humanities in the areas of Anthropology, History, Sociology, Library and Information Science. Well, this whole process of construction of memory requires knowledge and information that can only be performed and discussed from readings that turn individuals into critical and reflectivehuman beings, agents capable of expanding horizons and changing social reality.
Analisa a construção e a relação dos conceitos de memória, representação da informação e identidade cultural e a interdisciplinaridade desta com a área de Ciência da Informação, a partir dos seus pressupostos e paradigmas epistemológicos. Objetivando contextualizar esta pesquisa, faz-se um percurso histórico e cultural pelo Museu do Ceará, desde a sua origem até os dias de hoje. Aponta os aspectos metodológicos, que nortearão a elaboração e a produção deste, no que se refere ao tipo e método de pesquisa, bem como, instrumentos utilizados para coleta de dados. Aborda dialogando com alguns teóricos, a partir dos aspectos conceituais sobre memória, tempo e história, as relações entre passado, presente e futuro. Desta forma, identificando a memória como um instrumento dinâmico de transformação social. Reflete sobre o objeto, verificando seu valor simbólico, o qual pode ser visualizado como documento material de memória. Vislumbra-se a temática sobre cultura, sob perspectivas históricas, conceituais e antropológicas, tecendo-se reflexões acerca de sua influência nos modos de vida da sociedade e a compreensão sobre a construção de identidade cultural. Discute e analisa os dados e informações coletadas, dialogando com o referencial teórico explorado e discutido, a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Por fim, considera a importância do trabalho em pauta, para as Ciências Humanas e Sociais Aplicadas, nas áreas de Antropologia, História, Sociologia, Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação. Pois, todo esse processo de construção da memória requer conhecimentos e informações, que só poderão ser executadas e discutidas a partir de leituras que transformarão indivíduos em seres humanos críticos e reflexivos, agentes capazes de ampliar os horizontes e modificar a realidade social.
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Sampaio, Débora Adriano. "Vozes do silêncio: memória, representações e identidade no Museu do Ceará." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2011. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8720.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Morgana Silva (morgana_linhares@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-12-06T15:09:57Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
arquivototal.pdf: 2533624 bytes, checksum: 8122a43bb9fe6cbda352c0f30bcb355c (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T15:09:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2533624 bytes, checksum: 8122a43bb9fe6cbda352c0f30bcb355c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-13
Analyzes the construction and the relationship of the concepts of memory, information representation and cultural identity and with this interdisciplinary area of information science, from its assumptions and epistemological paradigms. In order to contextualizethis research, it is a historical and cultural the Ceará Museum, from its origins to thepresent day. Points to the methodological aspects, which will guide the development and production of this, with regard to the type and method of research, as well asinstruments used for data collection. Covers talking to some theorists, from theconceptual aspects of memory, time and history, relations between past, present and future. Thus, identifying the memory as a dynamic instrument of social transformation. It reflects on the object, checking its symbolic value, which can be viewed as a document - memory material. Conjecture about the theme of culture, historical perspectives, conceptual and anthropological, weaving, brainstorming about ways to influence the life of society and understanding of the construction of cultural identity. Discusses andanalyzes the data and information collected, dialoguing with the theoretical frameworkexplored and discussed, from the content analysis technique. Finally, consider the importance of project work for the Applied Social Sciences and Humanities in the areas of Anthropology, History, Sociology, Library and Information Science. Well, this whole process of construction of memory requires knowledge and information that can only be performed and discussed from readings that turn individuals into critical and reflectivehuman beings, agents capable of expanding horizons and changing social reality.
Analisa a construção e a relação dos conceitos de memória, representação da informação e identidade cultural e a interdisciplinaridade desta com a área de Ciência da Informação, a partir dos seus pressupostos e paradigmas epistemológicos. Objetivando contextualizar esta pesquisa, faz-se um percurso histórico e cultural pelo Museu do Ceará, desde a sua origem até os dias de hoje. Aponta os aspectos metodológicos, que nortearão a elaboração e a produção deste, no que se refere ao tipo e método de pesquisa, bem como, instrumentos utilizados para coleta de dados. Aborda dialogando com alguns teóricos, a partir dos aspectos conceituais sobre memória, tempo e história, as relações entre passado, presente e futuro. Desta forma, identificando a memória como um instrumento dinâmico de transformação social. Reflete sobre o objeto, verificando seu valor simbólico, o qual pode ser visualizado como documento – material de memória. Vislumbra-se a temática sobre cultura, sob perspectivas históricas, conceituais e antropológicas, tecendo-se reflexões acerca de sua influência nos modos de vida da sociedade e a compreensão sobre a construção de identidade cultural. Discute e analisa os dados e informações coletadas, dialogando com o referencial teórico explorado e discutido, a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Por fim, considera a importância do trabalho em pauta, para as Ciências Humanas e Sociais Aplicadas, nas áreas de Antropologia, História, Sociologia, Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação. Pois, todo esse processo de construção da memória requer conhecimentos e informações, que só poderão ser executadas e discutidas a partir de leituras que transformarão indivíduos em seres humanos críticos e reflexivos, agentes capazes de ampliar os horizontes e modificar a realidade social.
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Hickler, Benjamin Hallam. "Epidemic oversight: Emerging infections and rural livelihoods in the Mekong." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3390047.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, San Francisco with the University of California, Berkeley, 2009.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 71-02, Section: A, page: . Adviser: Vincanne Adams.