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1
Pivovar, Efim I., Alexander V. Gushchin, and Alexander S. Levchenkov. "Archival Heritage as an Instrument of Historical and Educational Activities in Modern Uzbekistan: The Main Trends of 2010-2018." Herald of an archivist, no. 4 (2018): 1188–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2018-4-1188-1205.
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The article studies the main ways of using archives as an instrument of popularization of historical and cultural heritage in modern Uzbekistan and assesses the prospects of the Russo-Uzbek archival communications. The history of archives formation and development in Uzbekistan counts many centuries, traditions of archival science in this country are among most ancient in Central Asia. Today the leading archives of Uzbekistan are working on introduction of latest information and communication technologies, sometimes in collaboration with foreign partners. Thus, the archival institutions of Uzbekistan are transforming from places of storages of documents into full-fledged scientific and educational centers that actively participate in promoting national historical and cultural heritage. The most important task that is currently being solved at the highest state level is to increase the level of coordination and systematization of archival materials usage in order to promote national historical and cultural heritage and to shape a modern concept of the genesis and development of the Uzbek state. Uzbekistan archival institutions and fonds are more and more used by its leaders to deal with important social and political challenges facing Uzbekistan (primarily related to achievement of social consensus, development of Uzbek statehood, cultural, and religious spheres). Naturally, the work in this direction is largely aimed at imbuing the population with stable ideas on features of historical development of Uzbekistan and views on international relations, intercultural dialogue, and interreligious interaction. An important task of Russia in this context is to widen cooperation with Uzbekistan in the archival sphere. Publications on the current state of Uzbek archives ignore the use of archival heritage for educational purposes and to solve most urgent social and political task of national development. Moreover, Russian historians and archivists do not receive the necessary information on significant trends in the archival development of Uzbekistan in 2010s; and yet it was a time when informatization proceeded and state interest in popularization of archival heritage grew. Similar methods of training archivists in the two countries should play an important role in the development of Russo-Uzbek cooperation in archiving.
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Schenk, Dietmar. "Noten und Akten." Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken 100, no. 1 (November 25, 2020): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/qufiab-2020-0007.
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AbstractHistorical archives are institutions holding historical sources, in particular deeds and files, that is to say records created in the past for administrative and legal purposes. Today, historical archives are responsible for preserving administrative documents that will become sources of history in the future. This paper reviews the connection – and disconnection – between archives of this type and musicology. In the field of music-historical research, it is most common to use music libraries and other special music collections, particularly to examine original manuscripts of musical compositions. Music historians have focused less on archival sources, though these are increasingly valued thanks to the influence of cultural history. On the other hand, historians dealing with general history have been little interested in the history of the arts and, particularly, in music history, instead focusing mainly on political, social and economic issues. Archivists have shared these preferences. By contrast, this article presents examples of the potential of archival sources for music-historical research, and shows that Archival Science contributes to the management of written cultural heritage in the field of music as well.
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Fournet, Adele. "Bit Rosie: A Case Study in Transforming Web-Based Multimedia Research into Digital Archives." American Archivist 84, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 119–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17723/0360-9081-84.1.119.
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ABSTRACT This article is a case study in transforming web-based multimedia research initiatives into digital institutional archives to safeguard against the unstable nature of the Internet as a long-term historical medium. The study examines the Bit Rosie digital archives at the New York University Fales Library, which was created as a collaboration between a doctoral researcher in ethnomusicology and the head music librarian at the Avery Fisher Center for Music and Media. The article analyzes how the Bit Rosie archives implements elements of both feminist and activist archival practice in a born-digital context to integrate overlooked women music producers into the archives of the recorded music industry. The case study illustrates how collaboration between cultural creators, researchers, and archivists can give legitimacy and longevity to projects and voices of cultural resistance in the internet era. To conclude, the article suggests that more researchers and university libraries can use this case study as a model in setting up institutional archival homes for the increasing number of multimedia initiatives and projects blossoming throughout the humanities and social sciences.
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Larsen, Håkon. "Archives, libraries and museums in the Nordic model of the public sphere." Journal of Documentation 74, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-12-2016-0148.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the role of ALM organizations within a Nordic model of the public sphere. Design/methodology/approach This is a conceptual paper discussing the role of archives, libraries and museums in light of a societal model of the Nordic public sphere. Throughout the discussions, the author draw on empirical and theoretical research from sociology, political science, media studies, cultural policy studies, archival science, museology, and library and information science to help advance our understanding of these organizations in a wider societal context. Findings The paper shows that ALM organizations play an important role for the infrastructure of a civil public sphere. Seen as a cluster, these organizations are providers of information that can be employed in deliberative activities in mediated public spheres, as well as training arenas for citizens to use prior to entering such spheres. Furthermore, ALM organizations are themselves public spheres, as they can serve specific communities and help create and maintain identities, and solidarities, all of which are important parts of a civil public sphere. Research limitations/implications Future research should investigate whether these roles are an important part of ALM organizations contribution to public spheres in other regions of the world. Originality/value Through introducing a theoretical model developed within sociology and connecting it to ongoing research in archival science, museology, and library and information science, the author connects the societal role of archives, libraries, and museums to broader discussions within the social sciences.
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Lowe, Carli V. "Partnering Preservation with Sustainability." American Archivist 83, no. 1 (March 2020): 144–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17723/0360-9081-83.1.144.
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As the archival profession is inextricable from future-focused thinking, sustainable preservation must be incorporated into archival practice. Sustainable thinking considers the economic, environmental, social, and cultural needs of both present and future generations, without privileging one factor over another. This article investigates the existing literature on sustainable preservation practices in archives. Sustainability presents a challenge to the archival mission. Becoming more sustainable begins with changing practices, which requires investing time, money, and energy to learn new information. The imperative to provide care for cultural resources is an argument for proceeding with caution. Nevertheless, the reality of the climate crisis and an ever-growing body of evidence from the archives field suggest that archives can and should adopt more sustainable practices. Research indicates that preservation goals may be more effectively met through sustainable practices, leading to more reliable preservation environments and financial savings for the institution as a result of reduction in energy use. This article identifies opportunities for action archives can take to become more sustainable through building design, learning from cultural preservation traditions, rethinking the role of archivists, and reconsidering the impact of practices, both small and large. In the 1980s, Hugo Stehkämper drew attention to principles for natural air-conditioning reliant upon building design, but civilizations have been developing procedures for preserving cultural heritage materials for centuries prior to the advent of so-called modern technology. In the current century, archives, libraries, and museums are continuing to discover a multitude of effective sustainable methods. Drawing upon decades of study, successes, and failures will allow archivists to assess and rethink practices.
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Commisso, Corrie. "The Post-Truth Archive:Considerations for Archiving Context in Fake News Repositories." Preservation, Digital Technology & Culture 46, no. 3 (October 9, 2017): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pdtc-2017-0010.
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Abstract:Our current media environment is in a state of post-truth disruption: fake news is rampant, trusted media sources are viewed as partisan and suspect, and emotional appeal and personal belief hold more influence than objective facts. While many information professions are focused on combatting fake news through media literacy education, policy development, and advancements in search and social media technology, the archival profession has a slightly different task: evaluating how fake news can be preserved. The proliferation of fake news marks a significant cultural shift in information, politics, and identity, and is a valuable retrospective on how we consume and share media and assess its collective impact on society. But archiving fake news is a complex endeavor, particularly when it comes to ensuring that the archive includes enough context to help future researchers interpret the information. This article briefly explores some of the ways archivists may need to rethink traditional archival practices when developing repositories for fake news in their archives.
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Mercer, Harriet. "Atmospheric Archives: Gender and Climate Knowledge in Colonial Tasmania." Environment and History 27, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 193–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/096734021x16076828553421.
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There is a rich cache of letters detailing the production of climate knowledge at Tasmania's Hobart Observatory in the early nineteenth century. By contrast, a mere handful of sentences survive in the written record to describe the production of climate knowledge outside the Hobart Observatory, in Tasmania's north-east. In this paper, I confront the question of what to do with these unbalanced archival remains. I draw on the work of social and cultural historians as well as historians of colonialism and science to advocate a three-pronged methodology for approaching the problem of the unbalanced atmospheric archives. The application of this methodology, I show, reveals the way gender relations shaped the way atmospheric knowledge was both produced and used by historical actors in colonial Tasmania.
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Delgado Gómez, Alejandro, Lluís-Esteve Casellas i Serra, and Luis M. Hernández Olivera. "Alexa, what was an archive?" Tábula, no. 23 (January 29, 2021): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51598/tab.855.
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The evolution of the Archival Science has often taken place in difficult times, because of the frequent social, economic, cultural and political crises which it has encountered and which as well, have helped to shape it, not allowing us however, to speak of a crisis typical of the Archival Science. After all, it must be difficult to begin a construction in the course of different revolutions, some world wars, the emergence of the contemporary avant-garde, the crisis of ‘29, the disappearance of the Big Science, the emergence of various countercultures, the expansion of democracy or sexual liberation: it might be regarded as an abrupt birth, but not because it would be involved in such crises, but because of its ability to be immersed in the richness of those around it.
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Eidson, John R. "German Club Life as a Local Cultural System." Comparative Studies in Society and History 32, no. 2 (April 1990): 357–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500016522.
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In the shadow of the Historikerstreit over the meaning of the Nazi era, West German historians are conducting a less highly publicized but similarly politicized debate about the role of ethnography in social history. The following analysis of local club life, based on ethnographic and archival research in Boppard on the Rhine, is offered as a contribution to and comment on this debate from the viewpoint of interpretive cultural anthropology. I contend that “local knowledge”—to employ the phrase by Clifford Geertz—is indispensable to broader historical syntheses, though for different reasons than have been suggested by either critics or advocates of cultural anthropology among West German historians.
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STANFIELD, JOHN H. "Archival Methods in Race Relations Research." American Behavioral Scientist 30, no. 4 (March 1987): 366–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000276487030004003.
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Liddle, Kathy. "Distribution Matters: Feminist Bookstores as Cultural Interaction Spaces." Cultural Sociology 13, no. 1 (July 5, 2018): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1749975518774732.
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To investigate the historical case of North American feminist bookstores, I use archival materials, interviews, and surveys to consider how cultural distribution sites affect the acquisition and interpretation of cultural objects. The findings point to the importance and variety of distributor conditions, including physical space, atmosphere, bookseller characteristics, stock, and audience members. I develop the concept of the cultural interaction space, defined as a location where a distributor, its cultural objects, and its audience converge. These spaces provide opportunities for interaction, observation, and experimentation with both tangible and intangible cultural materials, as well as for identity formation and the development of group solidarity. Future research should consider how variations in cultural distributors and in cultural interaction spaces affect audience reception, interpretation, and use of cultural objects.
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Varriale, Simone. "Reconceptualizing Aesthetic Cosmopolitanism: Evidence From the Early Consecration of Anglo-American Pop-Rock in Italy." American Behavioral Scientist 65, no. 1 (September 15, 2018): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218800139.
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This article explores how foreign, recently imported cultural forms can redefine the dynamics of legitimation in national cultural fields. Drawing on archival research, the article discusses the early consecration of Anglo-American pop-rock in 1970s Italy and analyzes the articles published by three specialist music magazines. Findings reveal the emergence of a shared pop-rock canon among Italian critics, but also that this “cosmopolitan capital” was mobilized to implement competing editorial projects. Italian critics promoted both different strategies of legitimation vis-à-vis contemporary popular music and opposite views of cultural globalization as a social process. Theoretically, the article conceptualizes “aesthetic cosmopolitanism” as a symbolic resource that can be realized through competing institutional projects, rather than as a homogeneous cultural disposition.
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Wang, Sixiang. "Compiling Diplomacy: Record-Keeping and Archival Practices in Chosŏn Korea." Journal of Korean Studies 24, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 255–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07311613-7686588.
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Abstract The Chosŏn court kept meticulous records of its interactions with their Ming, and later, their Qing neighbors. These materials, especially those that predate the nineteenth century, survive not in the form of original materials but rather as entries in court-sponsored compilations. For instance, the monumental Tongmun hwigo, published in 1788, categorizes diplomatic activity according to areas of policy concern. Its organizational scheme, handy for a Chosŏn official searching for relevant precedents, has also provided ready material for historical case studies. What has been less appreciated, however, are how such records came into being in the first place. By interrogating the status of these compilations as “archives,” this article follows how diplomatic documents were produced, used, and compiled as both products and instruments of diplomatic practice. In reading these materials as instruments of knowledge, rather than mere sources of historical documentation, this essay also makes the case for going beyond diplomatic history as interstate relations and towards a cultural and epistemic history of Korean diplomatic practice.
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Bérubé-Sasseville, Olivier. "Bone in the Throat: Video archiving and identity building within the Montreal hardcore scene." Punk & Post-Punk 00, no. 00 (August 2, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/punk_00106_1.
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During the 1990s and early 2000s, the Montreal hardcore scene was a vibrant, thriving and dynamic subculture with a strong sense of community. The generational and cyclical nature of such scenes has led, over the past two decades, to a significant crowd turnover with older people leaving and newcomers taking over. However, through the emergence of an Instagram account created by a man named Andy Chico Mak, its past memories are resurfacing. The recent dissemination of the Bone in the Throat series on social media, along with other archives including flyers, interviews and never-seen-before footage from the era, sparks a series of questions regarding the role and impact of archiving subcultures. Since the archival turn in social sciences, archives are considered as a reflexive and constitutive process of identity building and collective memory creating. In the case of subcultures, often overlooked by official heritage institutions, the importance of understanding archives as a site of cultural production is paramount. The collection and preservation of self-produced documents is key to scholars in order to understand the social and political dynamics at the heart of those communities. This article analyses the impact of years of video archives, gathered and organized through the work of Andy Chico Mak, in the process allowing the creation of collective memory and the development of ‘scene identity’. By relating to contemporary conversations about archiving subcultures, it also provides insight into the impact of new technologies and the creation of ‘subcultural collective memory’.
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Heitman, Carrie C. "“A Mother for All the People”: Feminist Science and Chacoan Archaeology." American Antiquity 81, no. 3 (July 2016): 471–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002731600003954.
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In 1997, Alison Wylie outlined an epistemic and ontological critique of archaeological inquiry to advance feminist science studies. Wylie’s work, I argue, remains relevant and potentially transformative for analysis of the cultural florescence that took place in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, during the ninth through twelfth centuries A.D. Archival, archaeological, and ethnographic data presented here suggest that women had important and undertheorized roles to play in the social transformations that defined emergent Chacoan society. Legacy data made available through the Chaco Research Archive provide evidence in support of Lamphere’s (2000) ritual power model interpretation of the Chacoan florescence. The advent of such open-access resources allows for a critical analysis of gender ideologies and praxis through aggregated legacy sources that augment analyses based on surviving, institutionally curated artifact collections and published sources.
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Barnett, Lydia. "Showing and hiding: The flickering visibility of earth workers in the archives of earth science." History of Science 58, no. 3 (October 23, 2019): 245–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0073275319874982.
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This essay interrogates the motives of eighteenth-century European naturalists to alternately show and hide their laboring-class fossil suppliers. Focusing on rare moments of heightened visibility, I ask why gentlemen naturalists occasionally, deliberately, and even performatively made visible the marginalized science workers on whom they crucially depended but more typically ignored or effaced. Comparing archival fragments from elite works of natural history across a considerable stretch of time and space, including Italy, France, Switzerland, Britain, Ireland, Germany, Spain, and French, Spanish, and British America, this essay sketches the contours of a disparate group of people I term ‘earth workers’: laborers of very low social rank, such as quarrymen, shepherds, ditch-diggers, and fieldworkers, whose daily labor in and on the earth enabled the discovery of subterranean specimens. At the same time, archival traces of laboring lives ultimately reveal more about the naturalists who created them than they do about the marginalized laborers whose lives they faintly record. Cultural norms of elite masculinity and scholarly self-presentation in the Republic of Letters help us to understand why some eighteenth-century naturalists felt they had to publicly disavow a form of labor that would come to be recognized as a crucial and skilled part of scientific fieldwork in the modern era. Compared to other kinds of invisible labor that historians of science have brought into view, the social meaning of earth work rendered it uniquely visible in some ways and uniquely invisible in others.
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Borys, Nataliya. "Let’s Talk about Archives. Archival Gordian Knot in the Soviet Ukrainian-Polish Scholarly Collaboration (the 1950s-1960s)." Balkanistic Forum 30, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 84–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v30i1.5.
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The article explores an unknown aspect of Soviet Ukrainian-Polish scholarly rela-tions: the collaboration between historians on issues pertaining to archives during the Thaw (1950s-1960s). At the core of this academic collaboration was the desire of Polish scholars to access the former Polish archives, the main bone of contention be-tween the PRL and the USSR. In this paper, I will reveal the mechanism of the Krem-lin’s control over the archives, as well as the politics of access to them by Poles, which provoked multiple crises at the highest levels. The Soviet politics of scholarship, and particularly of the most ideologized social science, history, differed from that of other countries and other forms of state politics in its tight control and censorship. However, despite the tight control and numerous obstacles, Soviet authorities failed to impose their rules on Polish scholars. Ukrainian historians played an important role as they could procure the necessary archival inventories and provide their Polish colleagues with access to the archives. The foregoing produced results quite opposite to Mos-cow’s expectations, fostering the creation of an informal collaborative network.
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Sutherland, Tonia. "Making a Killing: On Race, Ritual, and (Re)Membering in Digital Culture." Preservation, Digital Technology & Culture 46, no. 1 (April 28, 2017): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pdtc-2017-0025.
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Abstract:This paper investigates cultural, social, and technological issues created by the increasingly widespread circulation of digital records documenting the deaths of black Americans in the United States. This research takes as its foundation questions about ritual, embodiment, memorialization, and oblivion in digital spaces. Further, it examines the interplay between the permanence of the digital sphere and the international human rights concept of the “right to be forgotten,” paying particular attention to black and brown bodies as records and as evidence. Methodologically, the work engages critical race theory, performance studies, archival studies, and digital culture studies, asking how existing technologies reflect the wider social world offline, how they create new cultural interactions, and how those new interactions reshape the real (non-virtual) world.
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Nazarska, Georgeta. "Opportunities for an Academic Career of Women Scientists at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (mid. 1940s-1980’s)." Balkanistic Forum 30, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 120–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v30i1.7.
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The object of the paper is the development of Bulgarian science during the totalitari-an period (1945-1989), but its subject is the scientific career of the habilitated women, working in the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS) – the largest scientific organiza-tion in the country at that time. The aim is to explore the opportunities for vertical social (scientific) mobility and the existence of a “glass ceiling” for women’s scientific careers at the BAS. The research uses the social history approach, creating a collec-tive portrait and identifying major trends in the study period, using historical analysis of archival and published documents and content analysis of a prosopographic data-base containing biographies of habilitated women from the institutes and the labora-tories of the BAS.
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Edelmann, Achim, Tom Wolff, Danielle Montagne, and Christopher A. Bail. "Computational Social Science and Sociology." Annual Review of Sociology 46, no. 1 (July 30, 2020): 61–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-121919-054621.
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The integration of social science with computer science and engineering fields has produced a new area of study: computational social science. This field applies computational methods to novel sources of digital data such as social media, administrative records, and historical archives to develop theories of human behavior. We review the evolution of this field within sociology via bibliometric analysis and in-depth analysis of the following subfields where this new work is appearing most rapidly: ( a) social network analysis and group formation; ( b) collective behavior and political sociology; ( c) the sociology of knowledge; ( d) cultural sociology, social psychology, and emotions; ( e) the production of culture; ( f) economic sociology and organizations; and ( g) demography and population studies. Our review reveals that sociologists are not only at the center of cutting-edge research that addresses longstanding questions about human behavior but also developing new lines of inquiry about digital spaces as well. We conclude by discussing challenging new obstacles in the field, calling for increased attention to sociological theory, and identifying new areas where computational social science might be further integrated into mainstream sociology.
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Tishkov, V. A. "Russia’s identity: grand challenges." Вестник Российской академии наук 89, no. 4 (April 24, 2019): 408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-5873894408-412.
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The author formulates major components of Russian national identity that form the basis for a civic nation-building project. These are the study and preservation of historic and cultural legacies including archival and archeological heritage, historic and cultural monuments, memorial sites, historic sites, and landscapes. In addition to active projects, the author suggests novel projects: the construction of a big-data corpus for Russian and other languages spoken in the country, academic dictionaries and encyclopedias, complete works of classic Russian literature, and a multi-volume history of Russia. Social-science expertise is needed for infrastructure and development projects and the construction of mass residential buildings and transport facilities to ensure the preservation of common milieus and values that make up a national identity.
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Dubrovskaya, S. A. "M. M. Bakhtin in literary life of Mordovia in the 1940–1960s." Bulletin of Ugric studies 10, no. 4 (2020): 633–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2020-10-4-633-641.
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Introduction: the article concentrates on the understudied topic of M. Bakhtin’s role in the literary process of Mordovia, where the scholar spent almost 25 years (1936–1937, 1945–1969). By drawing on the published and archived materials, inscribed books from Bakhtin’s personal library and reports of the department that Bakhtin presided over, the author defines the scholar’s place in the literary life of Mordovia, analyses his pedagogical and scholarly activity as part of the literary process, demonstrates the role that Bakhtin played in the development of Mordovian literary studies. This approach allows the author to introduce a number of unknown or little-known archival documents, the fragments of memoirs of Bakhtin’s contemporaries and other materials which help to visualize the atmosphere of Bakhtin’s life and work in the latter 1940s–1960s. Objective: to characterize contexts of the long-standing dialogue between Bakhtin and the community of Mordovian writers, to demonstrate the scholar’s role in the literary life of Saransk and the republic. Research materials: documents from the Central State Archive of the Republic of Mordovia, inscribed books from the personal library of Bakhtin, reports of the department Bakhtin presided over, materials reflecting the cultural and literary life of Mordovia. Results and novelty of the research: the cultural and literary contexts of the Saransk period in Bakhtin’s life are reconstructed and problematized. Based on the analysis of the social and cultural-educational activities of the thinker, the character of the literary process in Mordovia, the intellectual culture itself and the role of Bakhtin in it are reinterpreted. Archival materials that have not previously been the subject of special research are introduced.
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King, Leslie. "Ideology, Strategy and Conflict in a Social Movement Organization: The Sierra Club Immigration Wars." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 13, no. 1 (February 1, 2008): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.13.1.c7pv26280665g90g.
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What cultural and structural factors allow conflict in a social movement organization to persist over long periods of time? Using data gleaned from interviews, archival materials, newspaper articles and online sources, I examine the Sierra Club's conflict over immigration policy, an issue which has persisted for decades without clear resolution. I argue that ideology accounts for some activists' position on club policy, while others based their stance on strategic concerns, which were linked in part to forces external to the club. At the same time, the democratic structure of the Sierra Club has allowed factions to continue working towards their own agendas. This case reveals a more complicated connection between ideology and strategy than previous studies have indicated and illuminates how intense conflict may not necessarily be associated with dramatic outcomes.
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Cole, Janie. "Cultural Clientelism and Brokerage Networks in Early Modern Florence and Rome: New Correspondence between the Barberini and Michelangelo Buonarroti the Younger*." Renaissance Quarterly 60, no. 3 (2007): 729–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ren.2007.0255.
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AbstractThis study draws on the unpublished correspondence between Michelangelo Buonarroti the Younger, a Florentine poet and grandnephew of the artist, and the Barberini family, in an attempt to examine the wider concepts of cultural clientelism and brokerage networks in the early modern process of cultural dissemination (in the areas of literature, music, theater, painting, architecture, and science) in Florence and Rome. Reconsidering the definition and role of a Seicento cultural broker added to the traditional model of patron and client, it analyzes Michelangelo the Younger’s activity as broker, patron-broker, and broker-client in connection with such significant figures as Maffeo Barberini (the future Urban VIII), Galileo, and the painter Lodovico Cigoli, exploring the ways in which these roles supported his personal commitment to promote his family’s social status and revealing the fluidity of roles in the patronage system. By obtaining Barberini patronage for his theatrical works and public recognition of the mythology of his illustrious forebear, Buonarroti’s cultural brokerage supported these dynastic ambitions. Spanning nearly half a century, this archival documentation casts new light on a little-known, but significant, area of Italian social relations and suggests directions for further research on other Seicento cultural brokers and new definitions for a broader concept of cultural brokerage in early modern Italy.
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Mendelman, Lisa. "Diagnosing Desire: Mental Health and Modern American Literature, 1890–1955." American Literary History 33, no. 3 (August 3, 2021): 601–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajab050.
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Abstract This second book project argues that psychological diagnosis drives literary and scientific innovation in the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century US. I demonstrate how experimental modernism and biomedical development both deploy and resist evolving classifications of mental life. These underappreciated cultural dialogues generate authoritative models of cognitive and corporeal health determined by race and gender. I take up four such medicalized types and establish how these pathologized figures embody anxieties about social change, particularly related to race, gender, and sexuality. Synthesizing literary fiction with transatlantic medical discourse and computational methods with traditional archival practices, this project rethinks the cultural politics at work in biological schemas of wellness and disorder, while highlighting the stumbling blocks of interpretive practices shared by the sciences and the arts.
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Richert, Lucas, and Erika Dyck. "Psychedelic crossings: American mental health and LSD in the 1970s." Medical Humanities 46, no. 3 (June 23, 2019): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2018-011593.
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This article places a spotlight on lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and American mental health in the 1970s, an era in which psychedelic science was far from settled and researchers continued to push the limits of regulation, resist change and attempt to revolutionise the mental health market-place. The following pages reveal some of the connections between mental health, LSD and the wider setting, avoiding both ascension and declension narratives. We offer a renewed approach to a substance, LSD, which bridged the gap between biomedical understandings of ‘health’ and ‘cure’ and the subjective needs of the individual. Garnering much attention, much like today, LSD created a cross-over point that brought together the humanities and arts, social sciences, health policy, medical education, patient experience and the public at large. It also divided opinion. This study draws on archival materials, medical literature and popular culture to understand the dynamics of psychedelic crossings as a means of engendering a fresh approach to cultural and countercultural-based healthcare during the 1970s.
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Balaban, Milan, Jan Herman, and Dalibor Savic´. "The early decades of the Bata Shoe Company in India: From establishment to economic and social integration." Indian Economic & Social History Review 58, no. 3 (June 27, 2021): 297–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00194646211020303.
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The study presents a historical and sociological interpretation of the events that marked the gradual integration of the Bata Company into the Indian economy and society from the mid-1920s to the early 1960s. Within this context, in addition to the general economic, political and cultural developments, particular attention has been devoted to the everyday life of Indian and Czech workers in the Bata company town of Batanagar. The study is based on a comparative-historical analysis of available archival sources and a secondary analysis of the relevant academic literature. The results of the research indicate that during this period, Bata was forced to adapt continuously to the cultural specifics of Indian society, that is, the process of its integration into the Indian economy and society had pronounced glocal characteristics.
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KABIR, ANANYA JAHANARA. "Rapsodia Ibero-Indiana: Transoceanic creolization and the mando of Goa." Modern Asian Studies 55, no. 5 (January 11, 2021): 1581–636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x20000311.
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AbstractThe mando is a secular song-and-dance genre of Goa whose archival attestations began in the 1860s. It is still danced today, in staged rather than social settings. Its lyrics are in Konkani, their musical accompaniment combine European and local instruments, and its dancing follows the principles of the nineteenth-century European group dances known as quadrilles, which proliferated in extra-European settings to yield various creolized forms. Using theories of creolization, archival and field research in Goa, and an understanding of quadrille dancing as a social and memorial act, this article presents the mando as a peninsular, Indic, creolized quadrille. It thus offers the first systematic examination of the mando as a nineteenth-century social dance created through processes of creolization that linked the cultural worlds of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans—a manifestation of what early twentieth-century Goan composer Carlos Eugénio Ferreira called a ‘rapsodia Ibero-Indiana’ (‘Ibero-Indian rhapsody’). I investigate the mando's kinetic, performative, musical, and linguistic aspects, its emergence from a creolization of mentalités that commenced with the advent of Christianity in Goa, its relationship to other dances in Goa and across the Indian and Atlantic Ocean worlds, as well as the memory of inter-imperial cultural encounters it performs. I thereby argue for a new understanding of Goa through the processes of transoceanic creolization and their reverberation in the postcolonial present. While demonstrating the heuristic benefit of theories of creolization to the study of peninsular Indic culture, I bring those theories to peninsular India to develop further their standard applications.
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Abreu-Ferreira, Darlene. "Women, law and legal intervention in early modern Portugal." Continuity and Change 33, no. 3 (November 29, 2018): 293–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026841601800022x.
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AbstractEarly modern Portuguese women had the legal right to engage in a number of official transactions, including granting and receiving sureties and powers of attorney. This was not the case for women in many other parts of western Europe, making the Portuguese example worthy of scrutiny for comparative purposes. This article looks at the unique position of women in early modern Portugal, and shows that upon close examination of the archival sources, the evidence points to a significant gap between women's legal rights and the cultural limitations that were imposed on women.
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Ferguson, Heather. "Unseating “State” and “Archive”: Mobility and Manipulation in Past Environments and Present Praxis." Itinerario 44, no. 3 (December 2020): 591–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115320000364.
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AbstractThese concluding reflections assess how the contributors to this special issue intervene in key assumptions that shape the current field of archival studies. As the “archival turn” gains ground, forms of Euro- and state-centrism reappear in scholarship otherwise innovative in its attention to the textual remnants of the past. Here, instead, we explore the methodological stakes involved in defining both the “archive” and the historical power brokers who created and preserved a documentary record in pursuit of their varied social, cultural, economic, and political projects. The essay points to the resurgence of culturalist and civilisational indices for comparative archivistics, and follows the arguments collected in this issue to assert by contrast the often uneven and uneasy regional, administrative, and procedural definitions at work within preserved records. Identifying “mobility” as both a methodological tactic and a historical process, this conclusion presents a fluid rather than fixed textual landscape and presents an alternative frame for investigating preservationist practices.
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Scully, Marc, Turi King, and Steven D. Brown. "Remediating Viking Origins: Genetic Code as Archival Memory of the Remote Past." Sociology 47, no. 5 (October 2013): 921–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038513493538.
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This article introduces some early data from the Leverhulme Trust-funded research programme, ‘The Impact of the Diasporas on the Making of Britain: evidence, memories, inventions’. One of the interdisciplinary foci of the programme, which incorporates insights from genetics, history, archaeology, linguistics and social psychology, is to investigate how genetic evidence of ancestry is incorporated into identity narratives. In particular, we investigate how ‘applied genetic history’ shapes individual and familial narratives, which are then situated within macro-narratives of the nation and collective memories of immigration and indigenism. It is argued that the construction of genetic evidence as a ‘gold standard’ about ‘where you really come from’ involves a remediation of cultural and archival memory, in the construction of a ‘usable past’. This article is based on initial questionnaire data from a preliminary study of those attending DNA collection sessions in northern England. It presents some early indicators of the perceived importance of being of Viking descent among participants, notes some emerging patterns and considers the implications for contemporary debates on migration, belonging and local and national identity.
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Tülüveli, Güçlü. "Nicknames and Sobriquets in Ottoman Vernacular Expression." New Perspectives on Turkey 44 (2011): 161–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896634600005975.
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AbstractNicknaming is a social practice that presents an area for comparative historical research. From a communal perspective, nicknames can be evaluated as markers of status in social hierarchy. On a personal level, they play a crucial role in defining personal identities. This article evaluates some examples from Ottoman archival documents from these perspectives. It focuses not only on the impact of dynamic elements on local community, as in cases of migration and conversion, but also on the question of how social prestige in a local setting could be perceived through the prism of nicknames.
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Yaycioğlu, Ali. "A REPLY TO TIMUR KURAN." International Journal of Middle East Studies 48, no. 2 (April 7, 2016): 433–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743816000374.
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Scholars are justified in complaining that Ottoman studies, from its maturation in the 1950s until today, has been far too integrated into social science disciplines. Traditionally, political and economic history has dominated the field at the expense of cultural history, literary studies, and the history of art, architecture, and material culture. The recent juncture of social science concerns and the sensitivities of the humanities is a welcome but long overdue development. Social science disciplines have long held sway over the field, but scholars of Ottoman history have always exercised rigor and meticulous care in editing and publishing historical documents and literary texts. Editors often discuss the literary, philological, and codicological problems of historical documents in great detail, the conceptual universe in which the documents exist, and their limits and possibilities. Of course, “editing” often includes textual criticism, the conscientious work of transliteration, and, sometimes, translation. Despite numerous invaluable editions of archival and nonarchival material drawn from the Ottoman centuries, we still lack substantial statistical information and data to answer major questions that historians and social scientists have long asked. In this respect, what Timur Kuran (and his team) initiated marks an important step. They published a massive compilation of ten volumes of documents selected from the two qadi courts of Istanbul during the 17th century.
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Karabinos, Michael Joseph. "Displaced Archives, Displaced History: Recovering the Seized Archives of Indonesia." Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 169, no. 2-3 (2013): 279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-12340027.
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Abstract This article examines the post-war conflict of colonial retention that the Netherlands engaged in with Indonesia, and the invasion of Yogyakarta on 19 December 1948. While arresting high-ranking members of the Republican government, Dutch troops seized papers that were left behind. These documents were not returned to Indonesia until nearly 50 years later. By studying the archival collection, fluctuations in the relationship between Indonesia and the Netherlands are revealed. The seized archives relate directly to the building of a new nation; their history reflects the history of Indonesia.
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Nuccio, Massimiliano, Marco Guerzoni, and Tally Katz-Gerro. "Beyond Class Stratification: The Rise of the Eclectic Music Consumer in the Modern Age." Cultural Sociology 12, no. 3 (July 24, 2018): 343–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1749975518786039.
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This article contributes to the literature on the association between class position and cultural tastes by analyzing a unique historical data set and asking whether there were significant class differences in the consumption of music in the 19th century. Archival data from a publisher in Milan are used to analyze the characteristics of customers who purchased sheet music between 1814 and 1823. To avoid contemporary depictions of cultural hierarchies (e.g. ‘highbrow’, ‘lowbrow’ and ‘omnivorous’ tastes), we offer a new method for considering both the quantitative and qualitative dimensions of music consumption. Considering both the aggregate level of music consumption and the evolution of individual patterns over time, we find little evidence that musical tastes were aligned with class position. This finding calls for more research on the origins of the strong link between social structure and cultural preferences in general, or between class position and musical tastes in particular, which we witness today.
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Gagieva, Anna K. "Library science in the Komi region in the second half of XIX – early XX Centuries and its impact on public consciousness." Finno-Ugric World 11, no. 2 (September 18, 2019): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.011.2019.02.214-221.
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Introduction. The aim of this work is to examine librarianship in the Komi region, and its influence on the formation of public consciousness in the second half of XIX—early XX centuries. Currently, the history of libraries is considered in general and special papers. However, a number of questions remained outside the scope of researchers, namely the data on the history of librarianship in Komi region in the context of studying issues related to the impact of the development of librarianship on social consciousness Materials and Methods. To achieve the goal, the author used both unpublished historical sources, and published works. Archival documents are known to specialists, who studies the history of culture of the Komi people, as well as the history of Orthodoxy. However, for the first time they are considered from the perspective of the formation and development of civil society in the region. Results and Discussion. In the second half of XIX-early XX centuries in the region there were private, social, clerical, monastic libraries and libraries of educational institutions. Replenishment of the latter was at the expense of the Ministry of Public Education and donations, and of the clerical and monastic libraries through the Vologda spiritual Consistory, the Synod and the Ministry of Public Education. Private libraries were replenished independently, at the expense of personal funds. All of them allowed the population to meet cultural needs and interests, to build communication, as well as to form independent judgments. With the help of volunteers, the libraries carried out cultural and religious functions, educated the population of the region. All this led to the transformation of forms of social consciousness, which was an indicator of the development of civil society. The transformation of social identity has led to the development of civil society and the revitalization of its activities. Conclusion. The creation of a wide network of libraries contributed, to a certain extent, to the destruction of the cultural isolation of the Komi region and its inclusion in the intercultural communication of Imperial Russia.
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van den Bosch, Antal, Jaap van den Herik, and Paul Doorenbosch. "Digital Discoveries in Museums, Libraries, and Archives: Computer Science Meets Cultural Heritage." Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 34, no. 2-3 (September 2009): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174327909x441063.
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Lichterman, Paul, and Kushan Dasgupta. "From Culture to Claimsmaking." Sociological Theory 38, no. 3 (August 28, 2020): 236–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0735275120947133.
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Conceptual approaches to claimsmaking often feature the overarching symbolic templates of political culture or else the strategic actor of the social movement framing approach. Both approaches have value, but neither shows adequately how cultural context influences claimsmaking in everyday situations. To better understand cultural context and situated claimsmaking together, we retheorize the concept of discursive field, showing how such a field is sustained through interaction. Claimsmakers craft claims from basic symbolic categories, in line with the appropriate style for a scene of interaction. Scene style induces external and internal boundaries to a discursive field, making some claims illegitimate and others inappropriate or else subordinate in a given scene. Conceptualizing how culture works in a discursive field helps us better understand what claimsmakers can say, how, and where. We illustrate the theoretical reconstruction with an ethnographic and archival study of different settings of a housing advocacy campaign.
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Hung, Ho-fung. "Cultural Strategies and the Political Economy of Protest in Mid-Qing China, 1740-1839." Social Science History 33, no. 1 (2009): 75–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200010919.
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In the historical study of contentious politics, political economy theories see the transformation of the dominant form of contention from reactive violence to proactive demonstration in early modern Europe as a result of large-scale political-economic processes like state formation and market expansion. Culturalist theories emphasize instead the significance of large-scale cultural reconstitutions in forging such transformation. Judging between these two theories is no easy task, as macropolitical-economic and cultural changes were concurrent in most cases. Mid-Qing China (c. 1683-1839), which experienced state centralization and commercialization in conjunction with a relatively stable neo-Confucianist hegemony, constitutes a telling case that helps resolve the debate. By analyzing a catalog of political protest events derived from archival sources, I find that Chinese protest changed from predominantly reactive violence in the seventeenth century to proactive demonstration in the mid-eighteenth century and back to reactive violence in the nineteenth century. The general direction of change can be explained by the cyclical trajectories of state formation and market development alone. At the same time, the specific claims and repertoires of protest were always delimited by the cultural idioms available in the overarching neo-Confucianist orthodoxy of the time. This study suggests an integrated perspective synthesizing both culturalist and political economy accounts to offer a fuller explanation of macrohistorical changes in contentious politics.
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Caramelea, Ramona. "Public Examinations in Romanian Secondary Schools at the End of the 19th Century and the Beginning of the 20th Century." PLURAL. History, Culture, Society 9, no. 1 (May 28, 2021): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37710/plural.v9i1_3.
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The article offers an historical perspective on examination in public secondary schools at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century – a period of maximum expansion of secondary education. The first part of the article focuses on the institutionalization and formalization of examination practices, while the second one discusses the shaping of the examination as a topic, following the discourses produced by different social actors. In the second half of the 19th century, the school was perceived as an instrument for social mobility based on the meritocratic ideal and as an element of national and state building, being given the role of inoculating a national identity. Within this socio-educational context, secondary schools represent the recruitment pool of the administrative elite and ensure the acquisition of cultural capital necessary for accessing various positions, all these aspects shaping the social functions of exams. The documentary analysis based on archival sources revealed a nuanced social perspective, in which the teaching staff and the parents give new meanings to the concept of examination and design new functions for exams.
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Shriver, Thomas E., Laura A. Bray, and Alison E. Adams. "LEGAL REPRESSION OF PROTESTERS: THE CASE OF WORKER REVOLT IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA*." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 307–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/1086-671x-23-3-307.
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Decades of scholarship have established that dissident activity provokes state repression when it threatens elite interests and legitimacy, but there has been research attention on how state repression diffuses through institutional channels such as courts. Legal settings operate as a key site for the construction and implementation of elite discursive strategies used to undercut the legitimacy of protesters and justify repression. Social movement research on repression and social control often glosses over these elite framing strategies, limiting our understanding of relationship between elite meaning work and repression. We address these gaps in the literature by examining the state's framing of a worker revolt against a 1953 currency reform in communist Czechoslovakia. Drawing on extensive archival materials, we analyze how the regime framed the event and how official frames influenced the legal repression of protest participants. Our research has important implications for understanding the relationship between legal repression and state cultural work.
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Goh, Daniel. "Chinese Religion and the Challenge of Modernity in Malaysia and Singapore: Syncretism, Hybridisation and Transfiguration." Asian Journal of Social Science 37, no. 1 (2009): 107–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853109x385411.
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AbstractThe past fifty years have seen continuing anthropological interest in the changes in religious beliefs and practices among the Chinese in Malaysia and Singapore under conditions of rapid modernisation. Anthropologists have used the syncretic model to explain these changes, arguing that practitioners of Chinese "folk" religion have adapted to urbanisation, capitalist growth, nation-state formation, and literacy to preserve their spiritualist worldview, but the religion has also experienced "rationalisation" in response to the challenge of modernity. This article proposes an alternative approach that questions the dichotomous imagination of spiritualist Chinese religion and rationalist modernity assumed by the syncretic model. Using ethnographic, archival and secondary materials, I discuss two processes of change — the transfiguration of forms brought about by mediation in new cultural flows, and the hybridisation of meanings brought about by contact between different cultural systems — in the cases of the Confucianist reform movement, spirit mediumship, Dejiao associations, state-sponsored Chingay parades, reform Taoism, and Charismatic Christianity. These represent both changes internal to Chinese religion and those that extend beyond to reanimate modernity in Malaysia and Singapore. I argue that existential anxiety connects both processes as the consequence of hybridisation and the driving force for transfiguration.
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Kam, Wing-hin. "Navigating Christian and Chaozhou identities: the life and career of Lin Zifeng (1892-1971)." Social Transformations in Chinese Societies 13, no. 1 (May 2, 2017): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/stics-09-2016-0015.
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Purpose This paper aims to analyse how both Lin’s birthplace identity and his Christian identity contributed to his fruitful public career and to ascertain which identity became the most significant. Design/methodology/approach Archival research is the main method used in this paper. The most important archives drawn from are the Daniel Tse Collection in the Special Collection and Archives of the Hong Kong Baptist University Library. Oral history has also been used in this paper to uncover more material that has not yet been discussed in existing scholarly works. Findings This paper argues that although Lin’s birthplace identity and social networks helped him to start his business career in Nam Pak Hong and develop into a leader in the local Chaozhou communities, these factors were insufficient to his becoming a respectable member of the Chinese elite in post-war Hong Kong. He became well known not because of his leading position in local Chaozhou communities or any great achievement he had obtained in business but because of his contribution to the development of Christian education. These achievements earned him a reputation as a “Christian educator”. Thus Lin’s Christian identity became more important than his birthplace identity in contributing to his successful public career. Originality/value This paper has value in showing how Christian influences interacted with various cultural factors in early Hong Kong. It also offers insights into Lin’s life and motivations as well as the history of the institutions he contributed to/founded. It not only furthers our understanding of the Chinese Christian business elite in early Hong Kong but also provides us with insights when further studying this group of people in other British colonies in Asia.
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Wertsch, James V. "Beyond the archival model of memory and the affordances and constraints of narratives." Culture & Psychology 17, no. 1 (March 2011): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354067x10388854.
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Bost, Emily, and Gary Wingenbach. "The Photo Narrative Process: Students’ Intercultural Learning in Agriculture." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 25, no. 4 (December 15, 2018): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2018.25407.
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Cultural heritage describes our way of life. It comes from previous generational traditions and incorporates our current constructed and natural environments, and tangible artifacts. The photo narrative process, derived from photovoice, combines photography and narrative expression about artifacts important to one’s way of life. The purpose of this study was to explore effects of the photo narrative process on students’ intercultural learning in agriculture. Photo narrative assignments were developed for students to capture facets of their cultural heritage, and their host countries’ cultural heritage from three separate study abroad programs. Archival data were collected (i.e., course assignments to illustrate one’s cultural heritage via photo and text) and visual social semiotics were used to analyze data. The Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity provided context for students’ levels of intercultural competence. The results showed participants experienced frame shifts (i.e., perspective change in worldviews) from ethnocentrism to ethnorelativism, as evidenced in the rhetoric of their artifacts after participating in the photo narrative process. The photo narrative process is a valuable educational technique; its purposeful use helps learners experience and progress through the stages of intercultural competence. Photo narrative takes advantage of young people’s preferred communication methods (i.e., social media), combining image and text, which empowers them through expressive communication and reflection. Purposeful photo narrative processes may be adapted to help learners explore perspective shifts in racism, classism, or religion to increase understanding and empathetic response between dissimilar groups.
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Samarin, Alexander Y. "The Idea of D.D. Shamray’s Doctoral Dissertation “Free Printing Houses of the Eighteenth Century (1783—1796)”." Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)] 68, no. 5 (November 27, 2019): 535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2019-68-5-535-542.
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The article considers the unpublished heritage of D.D Shamray (1886—1971), book historian, bibliologist, library scientist and bibliographer, employee of the Imperial Public Library (State Public Library named after M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, now — The National Library of Russia, NLR), connected with his idea of doctoral thesis on the period of free printing in Russia (1783—1796) in the beginning of 1950s. Archival materials on this topic are stored in the Department of manuscripts of the Russian State Library (RSL) and the Department of archival documents of the NLR. The plan of dissertation “Free Printing Houses of the Eighteenth Century (1783—1796)” and the unpublished work “The New Printing House of the Academy of Sciences, 1758—1783” reveal the idea of D.D. Shamray. These materials show that the scientist intended to pay special attention to the study of social, cultural, political prerequisites for the emergence of “free printing”, including the repertoire of manuscript books of the 18th century, and to highlight the practice of private orders in state printing plants as a prehistory of free printing. D.D. Shamray planned to create “Book chronicle of free printing houses”, understanding it as the compilation of complete bibliography of published products prepared in private printing houses during the period of “free printing”. D.D. Shamray widely used archival sources, mainly the documents of the Archive of the Academy of Sciences (now — St. Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences), citing some of them in their entirety. However, the scientist did not reach the level of wide generalization and as a result, most of his texts on this topic remained unpublished. The study of materials on the unrealized plan of D.D. Shamray testifies to the important historiographical significance of the unpublished works for the complete understanding of the history of the scientific process in the field of domestic book studies and the history of book.
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Varganova, G. V., and S. L. Lokhvitskaya. "Knowledge pulling through the epoch." Scientific and Technical Libraries, no. 4 (May 28, 2020): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2020-4-131-139.
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Review of the book: Stolyarov Yu. N. Rubakin regained / Yu. N. Stolyarov ; Association of Russian School Librarians ; Library Science Department of the International Informatization Academy ; Russian State Library ; Book Culture Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences ; National Library of Sakha Republic (Yakutia). – Moscow : RUSLA, 2019. – 416 p. [In Russian]In his new book, Yury N. Stolyarov reconstructs the biography of Nikolay [Nikolas] Aleksandrovich Rubakin, the author of over 280 books and 300 articles. The monograph is based on the series of papers by Stolyarov published in professional periodicals. The author includes Rubakin’s biography beginning with his birth in the town of Oranienbaum (now (Lomonosov, Leningradskaya oblast, Russia) till his last days in Switzerland. Yu. Stolyarov portrays a person who had to emigrate, though his all life was wholeheartedly devoted to Russia. The author investigates into archival materials, publications by the scholar, his personal correspondence, which enabled Stolyarov to demonstrate political, social and cultural impacts on Rubakin’s life and vectors of his studies. In his book, Stolyarov emphasizes the scholar’s great contribution to the study of problems in library science and bibliology, i. e. the role of libraries in self-education, promotion of science knowledge among population groups, collection development, book selection for children, reading theory, etc. Yu. Stolyarov also focuses on bibliopsychology — an independent discipline, developed by N. Rubakin and won the support of the library community. The findings of bibliopsychology has been being still used globally.
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Sundberg, Kristina, and Ulrika Kjellman. "The tattoo as a document." Journal of Documentation 74, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-03-2017-0043.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how tattoos can be considered documents of an individual’s identity, experiences, status and actions in a given context, relating to ideas stating that archival records/documents can be of many types and have different functions. The paper also wants to discuss how tattoos serve as a bank of memories and evidence on a living body; in this respect, the tattooed body can be viewed as an archive, which immortalises and symbolises the events and relationships an individual has experienced in his or her life, and this in relation to a specific social and cultural context. Design/methodology/approach To discuss these issues, the authors take the point of departure in the tattoo practice of Russian/Soviet prisoners. The tattoo material referred to is from the “Russian Criminal Tattoo Archive”. The archive is created by FUEL Design and Publishing that holds the meanings of the tattoos as explained in Russian Criminal Tattoo Encyclopaedia Volume I-III. The authors exemplify this practice with two photographs of Soviet/Russian prisoners and their tattoos. By using a semiotic analysis that contextualises these images primarily through literature studies, the authors try to say something about what meaning these tattoos might carry. Findings The paper argues that it is possible to view the tattoo as a document, bound to an individual, reflecting his/her life and a given social and cultural context. As documents, they provide the individual with the essential evidence of his or her endeavours in a criminal environment. They also function as an individual’s memory of events and relationships (hardships and comradeships). Subsequently, the tattoos help create and sustain an identity. Finally, the tattoo presents itself as a document that may represent a critique of a dominant society or simply the voice of the alienated. Originality/value By showing how tattoos can be seen as documents and memory records, this paper brings a new kind of item into information and archival studies. It also uses theories and concepts from information and archival studies to put new light on the functions of tattoos.
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Thurnell-Read, Thomas. "The embourgeoisement of beer: Changing practices of ‘Real Ale’ consumption." Journal of Consumer Culture 18, no. 4 (December 18, 2016): 539–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469540516684189.
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Recent years have seen changes in the practice of beer consumption, which appear to indicate raised standards of cultural prestige. This article focuses on the practice of Real Ale consumption, which has been promoted by the UK consumer pressure group, the Campaign for Real Ale, since 1971, and analyses how beer consumption has achieved an increased cultural position relative to understandings of taste and cultural capital. The article also draws on qualitative research, including interviews, archival material analysis and participant observation. Following recent advances in practice theories of consumption, the article identifies important changes in the materials, meanings and competencies of Real Ale consumption, which mean that a more complex ‘intellectualised’ form of beer appreciation has emerged over recent years. The article argues that by tracking these changes, it is possible to illustrate how cultural tastes and practices have undergone a process of ‘embourgeoisement’. Specifically, exponents of Real Ale appreciation practices have borrowed from proximate practices, such as wine and food consumption, in seeking increased value. Beer consumption has become subjected to upward social mobility in becoming more complex and refined, meaning that it now functions more readily as a marker of social status. However, there is some suggestion that such a process of embourgeoisement has also generated antagonisms, with some consumers being excluded by discourses of taste and status.
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Laemmli, Whitney E. "The living record: Alan Lomax and the world archive of movement." History of the Human Sciences 31, no. 5 (December 2018): 23–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695118804750.
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In 1965, the American folklorist Alan Lomax set out on a mission: to view, code, catalogue and preserve the totality of the world’s dance traditions. Believing that dance carried otherwise inaccessible information about social structures, work practices and the history of human migration, Lomax and his collaborators gathered more than 250,000 feet of raw film footage and analyzed it using a new system of movement analysis. Lomax’s aims, however, went beyond the merely scientific. He hoped to use his ‘Choreometrics’ project as the foundation for a universally available visual and textual atlas of human movement. This article explores how Lomax’s archival ambitions supported his efforts to enact a wholesale ‘recalibration of the human perceptual apparatus’ and situates Choreometrics at the nexus of new techniques of data-gathering and the cultural ferment of the 1960s.