Dissertations / Theses: 'Social and familiy ties'

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Petrowski, Catherine Elizabeth. "Familial Caregiving, Role Reversal, and Social Ties: Experiences of Young Women with Mothers with Mental Illness." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1424802738.

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Zetterdahl, Emma. "Take a risk : social interaction, gender identity, and the role of family ties in financial decision-making." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-102503.

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This thesis consists of an introductory part and four self-contained papers related to individual financial behavior and risk-taking in financial markets. In Paper [I] we estimate within-family and community social interaction effects upon an individual’s stock market entry, participation, and exit decision. Interestingly, community sentiment towards the stock market (based on portfolio outcomes in the community) does not influence individuals’ likelihood to enter, while a positive sentiment increases (decreases) the likelihood of participation (exit). Overall, the results stress the importance of accounting for family social influence and highlight potentially important differences between family and community effects in individuals’ stock market participation. In Paper [II] novel evidence is provided indicating that the influence from family (parents and partners) and peer social interaction on individuals’ stock market participation vary over different types of individuals. Results imply that individuals’ exposure to, and valuation of, stock market related social signals are of importance and thus, contribute to the understanding of the heterogeneous influence of social interaction. Overall, the results are interesting and enhance the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of social interaction on individuals’ financial decision making. In Paper [III] the impact of divorce on individual financial behavior is empirically examined in a dynamic setting. Evidence that divorcing individuals increase their saving rates before the divorce is presented. This may be seen as a response to the increase in background risk that divorce produces. After the divorce, a negative divorce effect on individual saving rates and risky asset shares are established, which may lead to disparities in wealth accumulation possibilities between married and divorced. Women are, on average, shown to not adjust their precautionary savings to the same extent as men before the divorce. I also provide tentative evidence that women reduce their financial risk-taking more than men after a divorce, which could be a result of inequalities in financial positions or an adjustment towards individual preferences. Paper [IV] provides novel empirical evidence that gender identity is of importance for individuals’ financial risk-taking. Specifically, by use of matching and by dividing male and females into those with “traditional” versus “nontraditional” gender identities, comparison of average risk-taking between groupings indicate that over a third (about 35-40%) of the identified total gender risk differential is explained by differences in gender identities. Results further indicate that risky financial market participation is 19 percentage points higher in groups of women with nontraditional, compared with traditional, gender identities. The results, obtained while conditioning upon a vast number of controls, are robust towards a large number of alternative explanations and indicate that some individuals (mainly women) partly are fostered by society, through identity formation and socially constructed norms, to a relatively lower financial risk-taking.

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Dias, Walkyria Acquesta. "Construções possíveis: o convívio em um projeto público de acolhimento familiar." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/17970.

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This study discusses the practice of a pilot project of family foster care in the light of concepts considered relevant to the subject: ethical-political suffering, bond and attachment, family, resilience and social policy. It also refers to studies on the specific theme of foster family works in Brazil in recent years. From the monitoring of a child and a teenager during a process of formal family fostering, it tries to understand the contribution of this proceeding as they return to their birth families. It especially shows how the experience of living together was set up considering the relationship between the individuals as well as how the learning and other gains, both for the individual and the family, were developed during the process. It discusses the experience of living together, both within the birth and the foster family, as well as between the families themselves, highlighting the subject of affective ties in contexts of social vulnerability. In this regard, it is highlighted that the previously established relationship with the birth family is not affected by the new ties built with the foster family, the latter, moreover, providing itself as another reference of respect and affection for both the individual and their family. Being a pilot project designed for a public policy, it deals with structural issues, relating them to ideas concerning the experience of living in a family. Accordingly, the study addresses cross-sectoral issues when implementing the measure, demanding a democratic management and clarity of roles, so that the actions of various institutions involved ensure the aims of the proposal, without overlapping themselves or neglecting the families and their children. Despite some difficulties it is concluded that the results indicate elements of the experience that can contribute to the construction within the municipalities of a more comprehensive action in order to guarantee the right of children and adolescents to live with a family and a community
O presente estudo discute a prática de um projeto piloto de acolhimento familiar, à luz da contribuição de conceitos julgados pertinentes ao tema: sofrimento éticopolítico, vínculo e apego, família, resiliência e política social. Referencia-se, ainda, em estudos sobre o tema específico dos trabalhos de acolhimento familiar realizados no Brasil nos últimos anos. A partir do acompanhamento de uma criança e de um adolescente durante um processo de acolhimento formal, busca-se compreender a contribuição dessa medida para seu retorno às respectivas famílias de origem. Revela, sobretudo, como o conviver foi se configurando, a partir das relações estabelecidas entre os sujeitos, bem como os aprendizados e outros ganhos, tanto individuais como familiares, foram se compondo durante o processo. Discute-se a convivência, tanto internamente às famílias de origem e às acolhedoras, como entre ambas, ressaltando a questão dos vínculos afetivos em contextos de vulnerabilidade social. Nesse aspecto, destaca-se que o vínculo anteriormente estabelecido com a família de origem não é comprometido por novos vínculos firmados com a família acolhedora, podendo esta última, ainda, constituir-se como outra referência de relação e afeto tanto para o indivíduo acolhido como para sua família. Tratando-se de um projeto piloto, dentro da formulação de uma política pública, abordam-se questões estruturais, relacionando-as a reflexões acerca do conviver em família. Nesse sentido, o estudo aborda questões relativas à intersetorialidade na execução da medida, o que exige uma gestão democrática e clareza de papéis, para que as ações das várias instituições garantam as finalidades da proposta, sem sobreporem-se ou negligenciarem as famílias e seus filhos. Apesar de algumas das dificuldades constatadas, conclui-se que os resultados indicam elementos presentes na experiência que podem contribuir para a construção, no âmbito dos municípios, de ações mais abrangentes quanto à garantia do direito das crianças e adolescentes à convivência familiar e comunitária

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Macedo, Edson Oliveira de. "Are defaults a family affair?: the relationship between kinship and microloan performance." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11186.

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I exploit a large data set of microloans from a MFI of Brazilian northeastern to investigate whether the kinship ties influence the likelihood of repayment. I found evidence that the kinship relationship between members of a group loan positively affects repayment. Groups in which all members are connected somehow by kinship have a 24% lower probability of default compared to groups without such connections. Additionally, I show that a group loan with 100% of kinship has a 45% lower probability of default in the first loan than groups lacking of kinship ties among members. I also found a negative relationship between kinship and change in the group formation. These results allow us to infer about the mechanisms of group lending and suggest that the greatest impact of kinship on microloan performance occur through screening activities. The results also suggest that the improvement on monitoring activities outweigh the weakening of enforcement.
A partir de uma grande base de dados fornecida por uma instituição de microcrédito do nordeste brasileiro, a relação entre parentesco e inadimplência é analisada. O presente trabalho mostra evidências de que o parentesco entre membros de um grupo solidário afeta positivamente a adimplência. Grupos em que todos os membros possuíam algum laço de parentesco entre si apresentaram uma probabilidade 24% menor de inadimplência do que grupo sem esses laços. Além disso, quando considerado apenas o primeiro empréstimo, grupos com 100% de parentesco entre os membros apresentaram uma probabilidade 45% menor de inadimplência em comparação com membros sem relações de parentesco. Os resultados deste trabalho também mostram que há uma relação negativa entre parentesco e probabilidade de mudança na formação de um grupo solidário. Essas análises permitem fazer inferências acerca dos mecanismos pelos quais o parentesco afeta o desempenho do microcrédito. Os resultados sugerem que o parentesco possui um benefício maior no processo de autosseleção do grupo. Além disso, os resultados também sugerem que o impacto positivo do parentesco nas atividades de automonitoramento compensa o enfraquecimento das atividades de enforcement.

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Mori, Patricio R. "Social-cognitive Antecedents of Ambidextrous Orientation in Family-owned Startups: The Role of Family Ties, Achievement Motivation, and Internal Locus of Control." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/896.

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Regulatory Focus Theory predicts that the motivation to self-regulate goal-directed thought and behavior depends on two distinct regulation strategies: a promotion focus based on attaining gains and a prevention focus based on avoiding losses. This study took a social-cognitive approach predicting that regulatory focus has an impact on how family startups (several family related founders) explore “new ideas”, exploit “old certainties” and achieve the balance of both (ambidexterity), compared to lone founder startups (only one founder present). It was proposed that the social context of family ties among founders leads them to a prevention focus concerned with avoiding the loss of the socio-emotional benefits of those ties. In order to avoid such a loss, family founders were expected to increase their risk perceptions and thus, explore less than lone founders, who lack such socio-emotional ties. It was also proposed that two commonly used psychological traits in entrepreneurship research --achievement motivation and internal locus of control, predispose entrepreneurs to a promotion focus. Founders with a promotion focus, in turn, were hypothesized to lead startups to more risk-seeking behaviors and to more explorative orientation. The previous argument was used as a springboard to derive hypotheses about ambidexterity (the ability to exploit and explore simultaneously) and survival hazards. Using Regulatory Focus Theory, exploitative orientation, conceptualized as the motivational strength to continue on previous paths of action, was hypothesized to be not significantly different from that of lone founder startups. Taking previous arguments together, lone founder startups were hypothesized to be more ambidextrous than family startups. Finally, ambidexterity and internal locus of control were hypothesized to reduce survival hazards in family startups. The findings suggested that family startups explore less than lone founder startups even after controlling for group effects. Interesting but contradictory findings revealed that internal locus of control have both a positive direct effect and a positive interaction that increases the explorative and ambidextrous orientation gap of family startups over lone founder startups. As expected, ambidexterity and internal locus of control reduced survival hazards on family startups. Implications for practitioners were derived based on a sample of 470 nascent entrepreneurs.

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Le, Grandic Marie. "Histoires de familles et de transmissions : une sociologie des pratiques festives." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA158.

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Cette étude interroge les fonctions sociales et anthropologiques des fêtes familiales par l’analyse en particulier de sa fonction de transmission. L’étude de ces fêtes contribue à la recherche de la complexité des liens sociaux. Elle montre en effet que ces espaces sont ambivalents par l’aspect intégrateur et excluant de la fête. En présentant les différents éléments matériels et immatériels transmissibles, elle explore la variété de ces processus. La fête socialisée et socialisante, engendre un apprentissage par inculcation et par imprégnation. La relation éducative semble favorisée par l’ambiance particulière de ces festivités qui rapproche les corps et autorise un relâchement. Cette proximité rend les participants plus attentifs à l’autre et plus enclin à une réciprocité relationnelle. Autour de la table, les membres de la famille négocient la mémoire familiale par le partage d’expériences communes et par la narration d’anciens souvenirs, notamment des fêtes passées ou à venir. Entre pudeur et exaltation, ces groupes constituent des entre-soi signifiants pour la construction de ceux-ci, mais aussi pour l’individu et son rapport à l’altérité. Dans cette chorégraphie bien réglée, les différentes phases de la fête ménagent des espaces de rencontres pour une mise en dialogue ouvrant la possibilité à l’individu de narrer son histoire et de penser son identité plurielle. D’un point de vue méthodologique, cette analyse qualitative de pratiques festives dans un cadre familial se révèle être proche d’une méthode ethnographique, associant une observation participante et une récolte de diverses paroles. Impliquant son propre sujet, l’enquêteur propose un questionnement autour de la proximité entre le chercheur et son terrain
This thesis looks at the social and anthropological functions of family celebrations, and focuses in particular on transmission. The study of these festive gatherings contributes to an exploration of the complexity of social ties. It shows that these spaces are ambivalent, as they both integrate and exclude from festivities. The material and immaterial elements that can be passed down are introduced in all their variety. Festive practices socialise while also being a social product themselves, and create learning opportunities through processes of inculcation and impregnation. The educational relationship seems heightened by the particular atmosphere of these celebrations, which bring people physically closer and allows the relaxing of rules and habits. Through this proximity, participants become more attentive to each other, and more inclined to reciprocity in their relationships. Around the table, relatives negotiate the family memory by sharing their experiences and through the narration of old memories, especially past or future celebrations. Between reserve and elation, these groups thus create a sense of community that is significant both for the group’s evolution and for the individual, and his or her attitude towards others. Along the way, the different phases of festivities create space for encounters and dialogue, which allow individuals to tell their story and process their plural identity. From a methodological perspective, this qualitative analysis of festive practices within the framework of the family draws on an ethnographic approach, and combines participant observation with the gathering of multiple voices. Through her own involvement, the writer questions the proximity between the researcher and the field studied

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Ribe, Eloi. "Researching intimacy in family life : a mixed methods study of emotional closeness of grandparent-grandchild relationships in Scotland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31288.

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This thesis aims to investigate how, and under what circumstances, intimacy in grandparent-grandchild relationships is enabled, enacted and sustained in the early years of grandchildren. Previous work on emotional closeness of grandparent-grandchild relationships suggests that grandmothers and maternal grandparents are more likely to feel stronger bonds with their grandchildren, and that grandparents with a good quality of relationship with parents and living geographically close to grandchildren have greater opportunities to develop a strong emotional tie. The majority of previous research involves data on perceptions of closeness of grandparents focusing on one of their grandchildren or by young adult grandchildren reporting on closeness with a specific grandparent. In addition, qualitative research with grandparents indicates the diversity of ways they exercise agency, and involvement in the life of grandchildren, as well as gendered changes in grandfatherhood. However, there has been limited scholarly attention given to practices of intimacy, emotions and masculinities in grandparent-grandchild relationships, and the ways grandparents interpret and negotiate intimate relationships with their grandchildren amid changes in individual, familial and relational aspects over time. This study uses quantitative data to examines the extent to which individual, family and socio-structural factors influence the mothers' perception of emotional closeness of the relationship of an infant child with four types of grandparents. This is supplemented by qualitative data on grandparents' views of closeness with all their grandchildren. There is a limited scholarly literature on the relation of grandparents' lived experiences, and shared normative understandings, and a sense of being close and special to their grandchildren. The 'practices of intimacy' approach highlights the significance of practices of everyday life enacted by individuals in relation to others in building the quality of being close, and the processes through which individuals attach meaning to such practices. This approach is adopted to understand the diversity of ways grandparents interpret and do intimacy with their grandchildren. The thesis aims were achieved through a mixed methods research process combining secondary data analysis of the Growing Up in Scotland (GUS) study and in-depth interviews with 24 cases of grandparents (12 solo, either with a grandmother or grandfather, and 12 with couple). GUS maps the emotional closeness of grandchild-grandparent relationships through the grandchild's mother's perception. Analysis revealed that perceived emotional closeness was more likely if the grandparent had social contact with the mother, lived geographically close, and looked after and engaged in outings more regularly with the infant child. In general, social contact and propinquity impacted less on grandmothers, particularly maternal grandmothers, and more on paternal grandfathers. Also, looking after grandchildren on a regular basis was distinctly salient for grandmothers, whereas going more frequently on outings was more salient for grandfathers than grandmothers. As regards practices of intimacy, grandparents emphasised the importance of communication through verbal, bodily and relational forms enacted through a large variety of activities in the daily living related to forms of caring, playing and spending time together, which construct a sense of emotional closeness. The study suggests that intimate grandparent-grandchild relationships are intersected by moral understandings of 'good grandparenting', which are challenged or find contradictions in lived experiences of grandparenting that produce asymmetrical emotionalities among grandchildren, and ambivalences in relation to children and grandchildren. The study suggests that grandparents reflect on their emotionality, and enact embodied emotions, depending on relational and family circumstances, and throughout changes in the relationship with their grandchildren as they get older. The study shows that grandfathers engage in emotional forms of caring, which may challenge hegemonic masculinities, and that the relation between masculinities and practices of intimacy are troubled, particularly in the event of parental divorce.

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Carr, Elizabeth Parnell. "Community and Land Attachment of Chagga Women on Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/30.

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Chagga women who control land on Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, have a deep and profound sense of attachment to their lands and homes. This thesis compares their reasons for attachment to the systemic model. The systemic model states that community attachment is dependent on social ties and interactions. The three factors that lead to these ties are length of residence, social status, and age. In-depth interviews with women in 2002 and 2003, a survey from 2002, and field notes from 2002 and 2003 are used to explain the main factors of attachment of women in three villages on the mountain: Mbahe, Marangu, and Chekereni. This research finds that social ties are not dependent on length of residence, but do have some connections with social status and age. Women have social ties regardless of their length of residence. They interact with each other no matter the social status of the other, but this occurs more frequently as the women are more involved in education and religion. Western influences, land shortages, and economic pressures are causing the interactions of the young and old to be more strained. Though social ties are partly related so social status and age, this thesis finds that the attachment of Chagga women does not completely follow the systemic model. Instead, the women's attachment is primarily associated with family ties. The land has provided food and income for their families for generations and it is the hope of each of the women that it will continue to care for their families in such a way.

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Faucheux, Amélie. "Massacrer dans l’intimité : la question des ruptures de liens sociaux et familiaux dans le cas du génocide des Tutsis du Rwanda de 1994." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0003.

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Comment peut-on en arriver à vouloir exterminer une partie de ceux que l’on a connus, y compris ses plus proches ?À l’exemple significatif entre tous de cette femme dans le camp de réfugiés de Ravucindu « hutue mariée chez les tutsis » qui pose son enfant et part, « laissant là mourir de faim son fils, parce que son père, seulement, est tutsi » ; à l’exemple encore de ce prêtre de père hutu, aujourd’hui emprisonné à Muhanga, et qui torture sa mère tutsie tous les jours, jusqu’à ce qu’elle se suicide ; ou ce jeune milicien qui attaque à l’épée un stade où se sont réfugiés des milliers de personnes puis retrouve par terre la carte d’identité de son oncle maternel et se demande en haussant les épaules : « Est-ce moi qui l’ai tué, celui-là ? ». Comment est-il possible de rompre de façon aussi massive des liens qui semblent indestructibles ? Car qui peut honnêtement dire qu’il pourrait un jour oublier ses amis, sa mère, son frère ou sa famille ?L’objet de cette thèse est d’essayer de comprendre le mécanisme des ruptures de liens sociaux et familiaux et leur rôle dans le cas du génocide des Tutsis du Rwanda de 1994. Un génocide qui fit près d’un million de morts en cent jours et dont 60% des victimes auraient été tuées par des personnes qu’elles connaissaient là où elles habitaient.Dominé par le souci de chercher une explication qui ait quelque portée générale, ce travail propose, à partir de données empiriques obtenues presque exclusivement de première main (par plusieurs enquêtes successives de terrain au Rwanda, au Bénin et en Afrique du Sud entre 2014 et 2017 ), un cadre d’analyse des ruptures de liens sociaux et familiaux qui peuvent rendre possibles des massacres perpétrés dans la sphère intime au sein d’un projet d’extermination totale d’un groupe par un autre groupe.À la question : « Comment une telle rupture de liens sociaux et familiaux a-t-elle été possible ? », cette thèse répond en mettant en évidence l’importance cruciale d’un processus de double identification. Elle ne nie pour autant nullement le rôle des divers avantages (matériels ou symboliques) dont ont pu bénéficier les génocidaires par leurs crimes dans un tel contexte, mais montre que ces identifications-mêmes ont pu jouer un rôle dans ce calcul coûts/avantages
How can we reach the point where we exterminate some of those we have known, including our loved ones?Like the significant example of this hutu woman, married to a tutsi, from the refugees camp in Raducindu, who left her child lying on the floor, letting him to starve to death, only because his father is a tutsi ; such as that priest, born from a hutu father, and now jailed, who tortured daily his mother, a tutsi, until she committed suicide; or like this young militiaman who slaughtered a crowd with a sword in a stadium where thousands of people had taken refuge and then found on the ground the ID card of his uncle, had a look at it, shrugged his shoulders and wondered "did I kill this one?": how conceivable is this massive severing of ties which seemed otherwise indestructible? Who can expect he would be able one day to forget his friends, his mother, his brother or his family?This dissertation examines the mechanism leading to the collapse of social and family ties and its role in the case of the genocide against Tutsis in 1994 in Rwanda. Close to 1 million Rwandan Tutsis were exterminated over a period of 100 days. It is estimated that 60% of these victims were killed by people they knew.The present work tries to offer an explanation of some general scope by building an analytical apparatus based almost exclusively on empirical data gathered during field research in Rwanda, Benin, and South Africa between 2014 and 2017. This analytical apparatus examines how -within a crisis context - ties can break and lead to massacres in the intimate space of social and family relationships.To the question: "how can such destruction of social and family ties be possible ? ", this dissertation responds by highlighting the pivotal importance of a dual identification process. By doing so, it does not exclude the role played by the various advantages (material or symbolic) which benefited those who committed the genocide, but it demonstrates that these identifications themselves may have weighed strongly in this cost/benefit calculation

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Silva, Tiago Lemões da. "Família, Rua e Afeto: etnografia dos vínculos familiares, sociais e afetivos de homens e mulheresem situação de rua." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1548.

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By an anthropological approach, this study discusses the relations maintained, created and updated by both men and women on the streets in the center of Pelotas/RS. To discuss these relationships, the research is structured from a threefold approach: the continuity of family relationships in the context of the streets; strategies for building and maintaining links with different characters in the public space of sociability; and codes that guide the establishment of relationships between pairs on the streets. From the ethnographic method,the research finds: family relationships as part of a broader relational circuit which includes street and the characters with which they interact in this space; discusses also the mechanisms of construction and perpetuation of bonds with different social segments in the streets context, considering the dynamics of material and symbolic exchanges fought in these relationships. Finally, analyzes of social codes that shape the formation of groups in the streets and the establishment of diffuse and enduring links between those involved
Por uma abordagem antropológica, este estudo problematiza as relações mantidas, criadas e atualizadas por homens e mulheres em situação de rua no centro de Pelotas/RS. Para discutir estas relações, a pesquisa estrutura-se a partir de um tríplice enfoque: a continuidade das relações familiares no contexto das ruas; as estratégias de construção e manutenção de vínculos com diferentes personagens no espaço público; e os códigos de sociabilidade que orientam a constituição de vínculos entre os pares em situação de rua. A partir do método etnográfico, a pesquisa localiza as relações familiares como partede um circuito relacional mais amplo, que engloba a rua e os personagens com os quais interagem neste meio; discute, igualmente, os mecanismos de construção e perpetuação de vínculos com diferentes segmentos sociais no contexto das ruas, considerando a dinâmica das trocas materiais e simbólicas travadas nestas relações; e, por fim, analisa os códigos de sociabilidade que estruturam a formação de grupos em situação de rua e preparam o terreno para a constituição de vínculos difusos e duradouros entre os envolvidos

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Balasca, Coralia. "Countervailing Effects? Remittance Sending and the Physical and Mental Health of Migrants." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1575466424352253.

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Tacite, Barbara. "Le tiers en famille : du parent social au beau-parent statutaire." Thesis, Antilles, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANTI0372/document.

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Parmi les tiers qui gravitent autour d’un enfant, il en est un que le droit français de la famille peine à reconnaître la singularité : l’homme ou la femme qui est en couple avec le parent d’un enfant et qui, à l’égard de ce mineur, assure une prise en charge plus ou moins factuelle.Qu’il se greffe sur une famille ou qu’il la compose, ce tiers communément dénommé « beau-parent » semble désormais connu, par une partie du droit positif (jurisprudence et doctrine), sous le vocable de parent social.Il est à reprocher au droit actuel de ne pas parvenir à appréhender, par des règles autonomes, les relations personnelles unissant ce tiers à l’enfant du parent dont il est le concubin, partenaire pacsé ou conjoint, de sexe différent ou de même sexe. Certes, l’incursion de ce tiers dans le mécanisme de l’autorité parentale ne saurait s’affranchir des principes directeurs du droit la famille : la coparentalité, l’indisponibilité de ladite autorité et l’impérieux respect de l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant. Par la présente étude, il s’agit de mettre en exergue l’inopportunité, de lege lata, de l’identification du parent social par assimilation juridique et de l’en extirper en concevant un statut sui generis . Surgirait, de lege ferenda, le beau-parent statutaire
Among third parties gravitating around a child, French Family Law has difficulty recognizing the singularity of one of them: the one (he or she) who, being in relationship with a child’s parent, provides care for the latter to a certain extent.Whether he or she is bound to a family, or is part of it, this third party commonly named “stepparent” now seems to be known by some part of the positive Law (jurisprudence and doctrine) referred to as “social parent”.One can blame French Law for not succeeding in apprehending, with autonomous rules, these relationships between the third party and the child whose parent is his concubine, having registered a civil union or spouse as a same-sex couple or opposite sex. Indeed the incursion of this third party into the mechanism of parental authority should in no way free itself from the guiding principles of Family Law: joint parenthood /co-parenting; the unavailability of the so-called authority and the upmost respect of the best interest of the child. This study is aimed at highlighting the impropriety, of lege lata, of the identification of the social parent by legal assimilation removing it, thus conceiving a sui generis status. Therefore it might occur from lege ferenda, the statutory stepparent

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Savičiūtė, Rasa. "Research on ties of health and social factors." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130327_100801-22050.

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In fact, the relationship of health and sociology, social relations, etc., has been started to be analyzed recently in Lithuania. Recently, public health research is focused on innovative fields as health quality, efficiency of health services, solidarity and integrity of activity, introduction of health policy elements in all fields of social and economic activity. Aging society, social, economic changes, penetration of market elements in the sphere of health services change the nature of interaction between public health condition and integral environment that influences it. These circumstances also alter the assumptions of health policy effectiveness. The latter must be based on information of scientific research. Unfortunately, there has been carried out small number of research of similar direction in Lithuania. Hereby, we seek to explore systematically and assess the differences of the main health and social factors, and the impact of their interactions on public health condition and the emerging social structures of health. The research analyzed the subjectively assessed health condition, morbidity, prevailing health problems and mental health conditions. These aspects were examined in different fields of influence of social factors as well as in their integral interaction.
Lietuvoje tik labai neseniai buvo pradėta analizuoti sveikatos santykis su sociologija, socialiniais santykiais ir pan. Pastaruoju metu visuomenės sveikatos tyrimai orientuojasi į tokias inovatyvias sritis kaip sveikatos kokybė, sveikatos paslaugų efektyvumas, veiklos solidarumas, integralumas, sveikatos politikos elementų diegimas visose socialinės ir ekonominės veiklos srityse. Visuomenės senėjimas, socialiniai, ekonominiai pokyčiai, rinkos elementų skverbimasis į sveikatos paslaugų sferą keičia visuomenės sveikatos būklės ir integralios aplinkos sąveikos pobūdį. Šios aplinkybės keičia ir sveikatos politikos veiksmingumo prielaidas. Jos turi remtis mokslinių tyrimų informacija. Deja, Lietuvoje nėra daug atlikta panašios krypties mokslinių tyrimų. Šiuo tyrimu mes siekiame sistematiškai ištirti ir įvertinti svarbiausių sveikatos ir socialinių veiksnių bei jų tarpusavio sąveikų poveikio visuomenės sveikatos būklei skirtumus ir tuo pagrindu besiformuojančias sveikatos socialines struktūras. Tyrimo metu analizuota subjektyviai vertinama sveikatos būklė, sergamumas, vyraujančios sveikatos problemos ir psichikos sveikatos būklės. Visa tai buvo nagrinėta skirtingose socialinių veiksnių, bei jų integralios tarpusavio sąveikos įtakos srityse.

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Safi, Shahir. "Essays on networks, social ties, and labor markets." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664056.

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Aquesta tesi explora la teoria de la xarxa i les seves aplicacions al mercat laboral. En particular, examino com l'estabilitat i l'eficiència de les xarxes depenen de les externalitats de la xarxa i de la vinculació de les restriccions, com les empreses utilitzen les xarxes socials dels seus empleats per obtenir informació sobre les habilitats dels treballadors desocupats (referències dels empleats com a mecanisme de detecció) i la influència global de referències dels empleats sobre els resultats del mercat de treball. En el capítol 1 de la tesi, Listen Before You Link: Regles de consentiment òptim per a la formació de xarxes en la presència d'externalitats, considero que les comunitats (com les famílies) influeixen en la formació de xarxes socials (per exemple, la xarxa de matrimonis) a través de les pressions socials . Estudio entorns en què els individus estan restringits a formar o trencar determinades relacions / vincles dels membres de les seves comunitats / grups. Mostren que les restriccions poden ajudar a reconciliar la tensió entre estabilitat i eficiència, que sovint existeix en absència d'aquestes restriccions a causa de la presència d'externalitats de xarxa. En el capítol 2, La feblesa dels vincles febles en les referències: un obstacle per als homes negres mòbils ascendents en el sector privat, estudi sobre com les empreses utilitzen les xarxes socials dels seus empleats per obtenir informació sobre les habilitats dels treballadors desocupats (referències dels empleats com a detecció mecanisme). Construeixo un model de referències dels empleats amb dues característiques principals: els treballadors desocupats escullen quins treballadors emprats per sol·licitar referències basats en els tipus de vincles (febles o forts) que tenen amb ells, i les empreses intenten deduir certa informació sobre les habilitats del treballadors desocupats a través de les recomanacions dels seus empleats. El model prediu que els torns a emprar un empat varien amb la capacitat del treballador desocupat, la força d'empat i la proporció de treballadors que tenen accés a diferents tipus d'empat. A continuació, desenvolupo dues aplicacions d'aquest model. En la primera aplicació, faig servir aquest model per ajudar a explicar per què la diferència salarial de blancs i negres s'amplia a mesura que es mouen les jerarquies salarials del sector privat als Estats Units. A la segona aplicació, exploro algunes implicacions de les referències dels empleats per a la recerca de feina. Finalment, en el capítol 3, Una enquesta sobre els models de referències dels empleats: cercadors i projeccions de cerca, parlo sobre la influència global de les referències dels empleats en els resultats del mercat de treball superant alguns dels models clau en aquesta literatura. Aquests models es poden classificar mitjançant dues funcions principals de referències dels empleats: (1) reduir les friccions de cerca, i (2) la detecció. Vaig a mostrar com aquests models poden abordar molts problemes importants. També discutiré diverses opcions de modelització, preguntes obertes i proporcionareu possibles vies per a futures investigacions.
Esta tesis explora la teoría de redes y sus aplicaciones al mercado laboral. En particular, examino cómo la estabilidad y eficiencia de las redes dependen de las externalidades de red y las restricciones de vinculación, cómo las empresas usan las redes sociales de sus empleados para adquirir información sobre las habilidades de los trabajadores desempleados (referencias de empleados como mecanismo de selección) y la influencia agregada de las referencias de los empleados sobre los resultados del mercado laboral. En el capítulo 1 de la tesis, Listen Before You Link: reglas de consentimiento óptimo para la formación de redes en presencia de externalidades, considero cómo las comunidades (como las familias) influyen en la formación de las redes sociales (por ejemplo, la red matrimonial) a través de presiones sociales . Estudio entornos en los cuales los individuos se limitan a formar o romper ciertas relaciones / vínculos por parte de los miembros de sus comunidades / grupos. Muestro que las restricciones pueden ayudar a conciliar la tensión entre estabilidad y eficiencia, que a menudo existe en ausencia de tales restricciones debido a la presencia de externalidades de red. En el capítulo 2, La debilidad de las ataduras en las derivaciones: un obstáculo para los hombres negros ascendentes en el sector privado, estudio cómo las empresas usan las redes sociales de sus empleados para obtener información sobre las habilidades de los trabajadores desempleados (referencias de los empleados como una evaluación mecanismo). Construyo un modelo de referencias de empleados con dos características principales: los trabajadores desempleados eligen a los empleados que solicitan referencias según los tipos de vínculos (débiles o fuertes) que tienen con ellos, y las firmas intentan inferir alguna información sobre las habilidades de los empleados. trabajadores desempleados a través de las recomendaciones de sus empleados. El modelo predice que los retornos al uso de un empate varían con la capacidad del trabajador desempleado, la fuerza del empate y la proporción de trabajadores que tienen acceso a diferentes tipos de vínculos. Luego desarrollo dos aplicaciones de este modelo. En la primera aplicación, utilizo este modelo para ayudar a explicar por qué la brecha salarial entre blancos y negros se amplía a medida que se asciende en las jerarquías salariales del sector privado en los EE. UU. En la segunda aplicación, exploro algunas implicaciones de las referencias de empleados para la búsqueda de trabajo. Finalmente, en el capítulo 3, Encuesta sobre los modelos de referencias de empleados: Fricciones de búsqueda y revisión, analizo la influencia agregada de las referencias de los empleados en los resultados del mercado laboral al revisar algunos de los modelos clave de esta literatura. Estos modelos se pueden clasificar por dos funciones principales de referencias de empleados: (1) reducir las fricciones de búsqueda y (2) el cribado. Mostraré cómo estos modelos pueden abordar muchos problemas importantes. También discutiré varias opciones de modelado, preguntas abiertas y proporcionaré algunas vías posibles para futuras investigaciones.
This thesis explores network theory and its applications to labor market. In particular, I examine how the stability and efficiency of networks depend on network externalities and linking restrictions, how firms use their employees' social networks to acquire information about the abilities of unemployed workers (employee referrals as a screening mechanism), and the aggregate influence of employee referrals on labor market outcomes. In chapter 1 of the thesis, Listen Before You Link: Optimal Consent Rules for Network Formation in the Presence of Externalities, I consider how communities (such as families) influence the formation of social networks (for instance, the marriage network) through social pressures. I study environments in which individuals are restricted to form or break certain relationships/links by members fo their communities/groups. I show that the restrictions can help reconcile the tension between stability and efficiency, which often exists in the absence of such constraints due to the presence of network externalities. In chapter 2, The Weakness of Weak Ties in Referrals: An Obstacle for the Upwardly Mobile Black Men in the Private Sector, I study how firms use their employees' social networks to acquire information about the abilities of unemployed workers (employee referrals as a screening mechanism). I build a model of employee referrals with two main features: unemployed workers choose which employed workers to ask for referrals based on the types of ties (weak or strong) they have with them, and firms try to infer some information about the abilities of the unemployed workers through the recommendations of its employees. The model predicts that the returns to using a tie vary with the unemployed worker's ability, the tie strength, and the proportion of workers who have access to different types of ties. I then develop two applications of this model. In the first application, I use this model to help explain why the black-white wage gap widens as one moves up the wage hierarchies of the private sector in the US. In the second application, I explore some implications of the employee referrals for job search. Finally, in chapter 3, A Survey on the Models of Employee Referrals: Search Frictions and Screening, I discuss the aggregate influence of employee referrals on labor market outcomes by going over some of the key models in this literature. These models can be classified by two main functions of employee referrals: (1) reducing search frictions, and (2) screening. I will show how these models can address many important issues. I will also discuss various modeling choices, open questions and provide some possible avenues for future research.

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Whitham, Monica M. "Symbolic Social Network Ties and Cooperative Collective Action." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/321334.

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A wealth of research on social life has examined the causes and consequences of social identity. I build on this literature by expanding the study of the concept beyond its current focus on how social identity manifests in the individual to a collective-level understanding of social identity as it manifests in groups. This is achieved by bridging the study of social identity with the study of social networks. In this dissertation, I argue that sharing a social identity that meets certain criteria serves as a type of connection which binds group members together into a collective unit. I refer to these connections as symbolic social network ties. Symbolic social network ties exist in social entities characterized by entitativity, which is the property of a social group that defines it as a coherent social unit—a social object in and of itself. Three criteria are necessary for a set of individuals to possess entitativity: boundedness, membership-based interaction, and the capacity to act and be acted upon as a manifest corporate actor in relation to other (individual and corporate) actors. Entitativity varies by degree across entities due to differences in the extent to which the entity exceeds minimal levels of the criteria defining entitativity. The effects of symbolic social network ties are a consequence of the combined effects of entitativity and social identity. To provide an initial assessment of the effects of symbolic social network ties on social life, in this dissertation I use a two-study approach to examine their impact on cooperative collective action. In Study 1, I use the experimental method to test the effects of symbolic social network ties, and social identity more broadly, on cooperation in generalized exchange. Generalized exchange is a form of collective action that is risky but has a number of benefits for collectivities and their members. I compare effects across three levels of social identity: no social identity, category-based social identity, and entity-based symbolic social network ties. Results strongly support my theoretical argument; entity-based symbolic social network ties have a stronger impact on cooperation than category-based social identity. Indeed, the level of cooperation in the category-based social identity condition is not significantly different from the level of cooperation found in the no social identity control condition. The second study uses survey data to assess whether the causal findings from Study 1 hold in the context of real world entities. In Study 2, I examine the relationship between symbolic social network ties and community involvement in small towns. Community involvement is a contextually specific form of collective action that can be vital to the success of a community. Specifically, I examine how variations in each of the three criteria of entitativity—boundedness, interaction, and corporate actor capacity—relate to residents’ propensity to participate in two forms of community involvement: voluntary participation in community improvement activities and active membership in local organizations. As predicted, I find that boundedness and interaction are positively related to both forms of community involvement; corporate actor capacity, however, was not found to be significantly related to either form of community involvement. Implications of these results and potential directions for future research are discussed.

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Zuo, Xiang. "The Role of Social Ties in Dynamic Networks." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6160.

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Social networks are everywhere, from face-to-face activities to online social networks such as Flickr, YouTube and Facebook. In social networks, ties (relationships) are connections between people. The change of social relationships over time consequently leads to the evolution of the social network structure. At the same time, ties serve as carriers to transfer pieces of information from one person to another. Studying social ties is critical to understanding the fundamental processes behind the network. Although many studies on social networks have been carried out over the last many decades, most of the work either used small in-lab datasets, or focused on directly connected static relations while ignoring indirect relations and the dynamic nature of real networks. Today, because of the emergence of online social networks, more and more large longitudinal social datasets are becoming available. The available real social datasets are fundamental to understanding evolution processes of networks in more depth. In this thesis, we study the role of social ties in dynamic networks using datasets from various domains of online social networks. Networks, especially social networks often exhibit dual dynamic nature: the structure of the graph changes (by node and edge insertion and removal), and information flows in the network. Our work focuses on both aspects of network dynamics. The purpose of this work is to better understand the role of social ties in network evolution and changes over time, and to determine what social factors help shape individuals’ choices in negative behavior. We first developed a metric that measures the strength of indirectly connected ties. We validated the accuracy of the measurement of indirect tie metric with real-world social datasets from four domains. Another important aspect of my research is the study of edge creation and forecast future graph structure in time evolving networks. We aim to develop algorithms that explain the edge formation properties and process which govern the network evolution. We also designed algorithms in the information propagation process to identify next spreaders several steps ahead, and use them to predict diffusion paths. Next, because different social ties or social ties in different contexts have different influence between people, we looked at the influence of social ties in behavior contagion, particularly in a negative behavior cheating. Our recent work included the study of social factors that motivate or limit the contagion of cheating in a large real-world online social network. We tested several factors drawn from sociology and psychology explaining cheating behavior but have remained untested outside of controlled laboratory experiments or only with small, survey based studies. In addition, this work analyzed online social networks with large datasets that certain inherent influences or patterns only emerge or become visible when dealing with massive data. We analyzed the world’s largest online gaming community, Steam Community, collected data with 3, 148, 289 users and 44, 725, 277 edges. We also made interesting observations of cheating influence that were not observed in previous in-lab experiments. Besides providing empirically based understanding of social ties and their influence in evolving networks at large scales, our work has high practical importance for using social influence to maintain a fair online community environment, and build systems to detect, prevent, and mitigate undesirable influence.

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Brossoie, Nancy. "The Characteristics and Functions of Weak Ties." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30236.

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The primary purpose of this study was to identify dimensions of weak tie relationships including characteristics (e.g., distinctive qualities, traits, or properties), functions (e.g., outcomes, purposes, or meanings derived from the interaction) and determinants of engagement to gain insight into the weak tie exchange process and develop frameworks that can be used to operationalize the concept. Data were collected through stories provided by participants during face-to-face interviews. Respondents recounted a situation when someone they did not know well and to whom they did not feel particularly close provided them with assistance. Over 70 stories were collected from 50 adults aged 65 and older who were active in their community. Stories collected were analyzed using an inductive approach that was supported by the concepts of interpersonal tie strength, loose connections, social exchange theory, and social support. Findings suggest that weak tie relationships occur in a variety of community settings and in response to a variety of daily challenges. The exchanges occur more frequently with acquaintances than strangers and the initiator of the exchange is generally the person offering support. The types of support offered are broad-based and include instrumental, emotional, and informational support. Weak tie exchanges range from one-time brief interactions to intermittent exchanges over extended periods, depending on the circumstances. Findings also suggest that weak ties have a specific task or purpose, encourage awareness about the value and purpose of social interactions, and influence participantsâ future social interactions. Six factors were identified as determinants of engagement in weak ties: situational factors, personal characteristics, judgments of responsibility, attitudes about helping behaviors, personal network type, and exchange history. The findings from this study provide a foundation for further conceptualization of weak ties and a framework on which to develop instruments to measure tie strength and the potential for engaging in weak tie exchanges.
Ph. D.

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Nikitina, Svetlana. "Understanding the interplay between technology and social ties in later life: How social ties promote use of technology and how technology can promote social relationships." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/243027.

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Meaningful social connections are an important part of our lives, especially as we age, and are associated with life satisfaction and psychological well-being. At the same time making friends and creating connections is known to be challenging in older age. In this thesis, we focus on studying how technology can help to collect information about older adults that can be useful for facilitating friendship formation and social interactions among users. We start by describing early work that shows the opportunities of technology in improving well-being of older adults. The conducted studies and review work highlights the potential of social interactions in motivating older adults for technology use and exercising. We then study factors affecting people's social connectedness and friendships. The study highlights that common life points are related to higher levels of connectedness and frequency of interactions. We then move the focus on studying friendship formation in later life, and specifically on how technology can help to facilitate friendship formation. From observations in the nursing homes we see that reminiscence is often used to collect information about a person’s history and values, we look at this practice as a way to identify information potentially useful to recommend friendships, especially in nursing homes context. We conduct Interviews and observations with nursing homes stakeholders and gerontology doctors to define requirements and opportunities of reminiscence conversational agent suitable to their current practices. We then conduct a study to explore how the concept of the bot and features are perceived by elderly, NH staff and doctors. Finally, we present the work carried out to define and validate the concept of a reminiscence-based conversational agent aimed at: i) conducting storytelling conversations that are engaging and natural and ii) being effective in collecting information about the user (e.g values, interests, places) that later can be used for recommending potential friends.

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Jonuschat, Helga. "The Strength of Very Weak Ties." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16724.

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Städtische soziale Netze wie Nachbarschaften, lokale Vereine oder Bürgerinitiativen bestehen aus eher lockeren, schwächeren Beziehungen, die oft nur zeitlich begrenzt und nur bis zu einem gewissen Grad für die einzelne Person von Bedeutung sind. Dennoch können sie ein Gefühl der sozialen Integration stärken und wichtige Unterstützungsleistungen bieten, beispielsweise in Form von Informationen und Hilfestellungen. In Zeiten von Facebook und anderen Sozialen Netzwerken stellt sich hierbei die Frage, ob internetbasierte Soziale Netzwerke das Potenzial bieten, die Bildung schwacher Beziehungen, also „weak ties“ vor Ort zu unterstützen. Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet dieser Frage, indem sie die Kommunikationsstrukturen in nachbarschaftlichen sozialen Netzen mit denen in „Hybriden Sozialen Netzwerken“ vergleicht, die sowohl elektronische als auch face-to-face-Kommunikation nutzen. Hierbei werden die Aspekte herausarbeitet, die auf Unterschiede in Bezug auf den Prozess der sozialen Integration hinweisen. Insgesamt wurden 78 persönliche Interviews geführt und qualitativ über den Grounded Theory-Ansatz ausgewertet. Die empirischen Erkenntnisse lassen darauf schließen, dass es in lokalen sozialen Netzen neben den „weak ties“ zusätzlich „very weak ties“ gibt, die das individuelle Gefühl der sozialen Integration mitbestimmen. Diese sehr schwachen Bindungen wirken dabei sowohl in Nachbarschaften als auch in Hybriden Sozialen Netzen eher indirekt über passive Interaktionen (z.B. Beobachtungen) und bestimmen je nach persönlicher Einstellung, ob sich aus dem jeweiligen sozialen Netzwerk heraus engere Bindungen ergeben oder nicht. Während sich jedoch schwache Bindungen in nachbarschaftlichen und Hybriden Sozialen Netzen in vielen Aspekten ähneln, ergeben sich über elektronische Kommunikationsformen ganz neue Formen lokaler sozialer Netzwerke, die eine Ausweitung persönlicher sozialer Netzwerke vor Ort fördern können.
Urban social networks like neighborhoods, local associations or civic initiatives are bound by loose and weak ties that are usually only temporarily and to a certain degree important for individuals. However, they can support a feeling of social integration and are a source of support, e.g. in terms of information or help in everyday life. In times of facebook and other social networks, we face the question, if internet based social networks could help to support local weak ties, i.e. local relationships. In this context, this dissertation compares communication structures between neighbors with those within “hybrid social networks”, which integrate both virtual and face-to-face contacts. Here, differences can give a hint on new processes of social integration within local social networks that use both virtual and face-to-face communication. The empirical basis consists of 78 personal interviews that were evaluated on basis of the Grounded Theory approach. The results of this evaluation have revealed that in local social networks, a feeling of social integration is not only dependent on weak ties, i.e. active contacts, but also on “very weak ties” that are characterized by passive interactions (e.g. observations of network contacts). According to the individual attitude, very weak ties determine if local contacts will become stronger or not. Whereas weak ties show similar features in neighborly and hybrid social networks, the threshold to knit very weak ties is lower in hybrid networks. Thus, electronic communication can indeed initiate new forms of local social networks and broaden individual local contacts.

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Logan, Laura S. "Exploring the composition and formation of lesbian social ties." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/924.

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Shaikh, Nida. "Role os Strong and Weak Ties : Entrepreneur’s Social Network." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Projekt, innovationer och entreprenörskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-141057.

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The role of social networking has widely been embraced in an entrepreneurial context due to its nature of providing easy access to information, support and other complementary resources needed for the creation and development of entrepreneurial venture (Omta et al., 2001; Johannisson,1990 cited in Song et al., 2017). The entrepreneurs’ network is affiliated with the study of social relations that can influence the creation and development of new business by shedding light on the functionality of social ties in the diffusion of resources that are vital for the establishment of firms (Greve, 1995). Therefore, studying the field of entrepreneurship in the context of social network can offer a fruitful perspective on entrepreneurship (Greve, 1995).Despite the vast and diverse research in the field of networking and entrepreneurship, there are still some gaps concerning what is actually going on in a network and the understanding about network operation, their nature and role in influencing business performance still limited to fairly broader and theoretical perspective (Jack, 2005). So, in line with these views, the purpose of this study is to explore and enhance the understanding of the networking in an entrepreneurial context by shedding light on the role of strong and weak social ties. The foundation of this study relies on Granovetter’s (1973, 1985) strong and weak tie hypothesis and Jack (2005) work, that by highlighting the characteristics, formation, and outcome of strong and weak social relationships contribute to building the concept of entrepreneur’s social network.A multiple case study of five entrepreneurs, operating their networks and businesses in Linköping, Sweden, has been conducted to achieve the purpose of this study. This research work uses a qualitative approach and is based on the semi-structured interviews, which allows a deeper insight into the studied area through analysis of multiple cases.The result of this study indicates that both the strong and weak social ties, in which an entrepreneur is bonded, are used to a varying level in terms of information flow. Strong relationships, that relies on frequent interaction, hold great importance in providing quality information as compared to weak relationships but simultaneously accountable for providing information that is useless and not up-to date. On, the other hand weak-ties contacts are dispersed in a social network and rarely interact with each other. But these weak connections are also important and play their role once get activated by entrepreneurs. Considering the information flow weaker relationships also occurred to be useful however the relatively small size of the town can mean that similar information is repeated by several connections. Since, the aspect of individual knowledge and experience help in the formation of new relationships but the result of this study highlights that, a personal motivation and drive towards networking also plays a crucial role in the formation of both strong and weak ties.The study findings can benefit the researchers and the entrepreneurs in developing their knowledge about networking and role of social ties in providing access to information and resources necessary for the creation and the development of venture. However, the strong connections hold a dominant position concerning the information and the resource flow but weak connections are also crucial and provide support in areas that strong connections lack. Thus, the entrepreneur that keeps the balance between both his/her strong and weak connections can efficiently reap the benefit of social networking.

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Kumar, Vikas. "Impact of social ties on knowledge transfer within multinational corporations." Full text available, 2004. http://images.lib.monash.edu.au/ts/theses/kumar.pdf.

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Lau, Pui Yan Flora. "Recruitment and promotion : the role of social ties in publishing." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a4063169-258b-4fb2-953c-0208d9e5f6d2.

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This thesis is an in-depth study of the labour market in the UK publishing sector. The aim is to study the role of social ties in publishing in external recruitment and internal promotion. Conventional sociological studies on social ties and labour market outcomes either neglect the perspective of the recruiter and the referrer or fail to explore the mechanisms by which social ties bring about labour market outcomes. This thesis fills these gaps. I used qualitative research methods, i.e. semi-structured interviews and participant observation for this research. The semi-structured interviews were with 40 interviewees, who were working in different roles (e.g. editorial and design) and levels (e.g. senior and junior) in Oxford and London-based publishing houses. I also served as a committee member of a publishing association in Oxford for seven months. Participant observation serves to triangulate the information I obtained through semi-structured interviews. This thesis examines different aspects of the labour market process and mechanisms. Regarding recruitment methods, I found that whether recruiters use formal or informal (word of mouth) methods depend on the level of uncertainty of recruiting a wrong person and the cost of making such mistakes. The greater the uncertainty and the cost, the more likely recruiters are to use social ties. Social ties serve to provide information about the availability of suitable employees. With regard to selection processes, I found that professional skills are a must but not enough in themselves. Recruiters use informal method at the final stage of selection to ensure the recruits possess the relevant qualities. As for job-hunting methods, I found that most newcomers introduce themselves using formal methods to get into publishing but in fact informality is often embedded in formal methods. Interviewees at managerial level almost entirely got their job through informal channels. Social ties have different functions as people rise through the different levels: whereas first entrants use social ties to obtain information about job opportunities, senior level staff members and freelancers carry with them reputation of their fitness to fill a particular position. Finally, when it comes to internal promotion, employers in my sample promote staff from within the company who already possesses the relevant skills, so as to minimize training costs and get around the uncertainties in settling in new staff. From the employees’ point of view, so long as they perform well in the job and establish a cooperative link with their boss and team members, they would be able to be promoted.

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Dreher, Nicholas. "Growing Relationships: Social Ties in Eugene, Oregon Local Food Distribution." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20701.

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This study delves into the local food system of Eugene, Oregon to focus on this community’s small-scale growers and their distribution strategies. The various distribution strategies open to small-scale local growers each require their own kind of work. In determining how to allocate their time and energy, growers consider these activities alongside the benefits that each distribution strategy offers. Certain distribution arrangements with smaller bulk buyers like restaurants and community grocery stores, which I term “direct wholesale” arrangements, offer the benefit of providing long-term, close relationships. These arrangements provide value that more than compensates for the work of establishing and maintaining these arrangements in the first place. In this context, these close-ties developed through “direct wholesale” provide the best platform for the viability of a small-scale, local farm in Eugene, Oregon.

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Schuler, Paul. "The Broker's Invisible Ties : Brokerage and Balance in Signed Networks." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutet för analytisk sociologi, IAS, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-179301.

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Brokerage is one of the most popular and well-studied concepts in the literature on social networks. It has so far been analysed, however, without taking negative ties in so-called signed networks into account. The central role of tension for brokerage motivates an integration with the hitherto not explicitly related social balance theory. Despite brokers benefitting from serving as intermediaries, in many networks, gaps remain open. We hypothesise that these gaps in some contexts are filled with conflictual relationships. Implementing balance theory, we argue that brokers face higher imbalance as they positively connect adversarial groups. This would create a trade-off between brokerage benefits and stress from unbalanced relationships. We additionally propose a novel theory on unbalanced four-cycles in which a strong desire for balance prohibits the evolution of positive ties between groups and stabilises brokerage. To answer the research questions, we used cross-sectional data from eight Hungarian work departments of sizes 16 to 43 on the relationships between colleagues. We applied descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests and linear regressions to test the hypotheses regarding the connection between brokerage and balance and their relevance for different benefits. Creating null models of the observed networks, we tested the prevalence of the specific four-cycles against the predicted number by random chance and correlated it with brokerage scores. As the last step, we created agent-based models simulating organisations with 25 agents to predict the impact of balance and brokerage mechanisms on the network evolution in connection with negative ties. Results show that brokers tend to have a higher share of negative ties in their neighbourhood but no higher imbalance. Despite heterogeneity in the networks and low statistical power, some support for the importance of balance for a broker concerning job satisfaction is found. For half of the networks, a significantly higher number of unbalanced four-cycles is observed which are predominantly connected to brokers. The simulation results show that more negative ties hamper average balance but do not foster brokerage properties. A higher motivation to obtain balance limits brokerage and vice versa. Overall, to create similar networks to the ones observed, a considerably high preference for balance must be integrated. In sum, more conflict in a network does not directly increase brokerage opportunities. Brokerage and balance both benefit actors and are not to be seen as contrary but complementary concepts. Thus, in workplaces, conflict does not need to be harmful if room exists to form balanced relationships. Central is the constellation of positive and negativeties that require the consideration of network structures at different levels.

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Petridou, Evangelia. "Milk ties : a commodity chain approach to Greek culture." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1349871/.

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The thesis explores aspects of contemporary Greek culture as it emerges from the study of production, distribution and consumption of dairy products. Contrary to views of commoditisation as cultural homogenisation, this research is based on the premise that commodity chains constitute a central mechanism for the negotiation of cultural meaning and the construction of social relations in contemporary societies. As part of material culture studies, the research draws on insights provided by a variety of disciplines, such as social anthropology, human geography, cultural studies and marketing. In its totality, the thesis allows for a study of the transition to a highly marketised economy, considering simultaneously multiple levels of meaning formation and identity construction related to food. With particular focus on representations of time and space, the traditional and the modern, a variety of sites are explored, where cultural meaning is produced and negotiated: the marketing department of dairy companies, advertising agencies, small food stores, supermarkets and consumer households, while special reference is made to a rural-urban network of food provisioning established as a result of extensive internal migration. Fieldwork within those contexts is complemented with a consideration of global processes, such as the EU regulation on geographical indications and scientific claims about the Mediterranean model of diet. Dairy products are approached as the link between the various contexts of meaning that emerge through their circulation in society, and as mediators in the construction of social relations.

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Jamklai, Varaporn. "Social ties and sojourner adjustment of Thai students in Oahu, Hawai'i." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/7103.

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It has been hypothesized that sojourners who establish social ties with hosts tend to adjust to the new environment more effectively than those who maintain primarily co-ethnic ties or ties with individual from the same ethnic background. Several studies have shown that social ties with hosts help sojourners acquire host language proficiency, learn culture knowledge, and gain appropriate social skills. These qualities, therefore, are hypothesized to relate to the ability to "fit in" or meet environmental demands of the new culture (environmental-centric). Other researchers, however, believe that co-ethnic social ties are crucial in providing immediate psychological support, which helps increase the feeling of similarity, belonging, acceptance, and assurance for the sojourner. These feelings are viewed as helping to reduce sojourner anxiety, as well as make the sojourn experience more endurable. Co-ethnic ties, therefore, may have a significant relationship on the ability of sojourners to meet their needs (sojourner-centric). The purpose of this survey study is to examine using eight hypotheses the relationship between co-ethnic and host social ties and the two domains of sojourner adjustment using Ady's Sojourner Adjustment Scale (SAS). In the present study, social ties include the self-reported frequency of interaction and the level of personal closeness between co-ethnic and host members. The two domains of adjustment include self-reported ability of Thai students to meet one's own needs (sojourner-centric) and ability to meet the expectation/requirements of a new environment (environmental-centric). Due to the virtual absence of similar studies utilizing this group, Thai students on Oʻahu are the unit of analysis in this survey research. The study sample consists of 62 Thai college students from the University of Hawaiʻi at Manoa (UHM), Hawaiʻi Pacific University (HPU), Brigham Young University (BYU), Japan and America Institute of Management Science (JAIMS), and two Oʻahu community colleges. The results of this study indicated that the ability of Thai students to meet their own needs or meet the requirements of the host environment were not strongly related to how frequently they interact with either Thai or non-Thai individuals. Moreover, the ability of the Thai students to meet their own needs or meet the requirements of the host environment were not related to how close (personally) they feel toward either Thai or non-Thai individuals. The findings from the present, therefore, did not support the results from other studies dealing with social ties and sojourner adjustment of international students.
ix, 102 leaves

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Sandstrom, Gillian M. "Social interactions and well-being : the surprising power of weak ties." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44749.

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Can acquaintances contribute to our happiness, or are they inconsequential compared to close friends and family? This dissertation expands the focus of study within social psychology, which has been almost exclusively directed towards strong ties, to include examination of weak ties (i.e., acquaintances). A broad sample of Americans reported the number of weak ties they had in their social network, and rated their own happiness (Study 1). People with more weak tie relationships reported being happier. Switching the focus from social relationships to social interactions, students kept track of their interactions with weak tie classmates during a particular class, and reported their happiness after class (Study 2). During classes when they had more interactions with weak tie classmates than usual, they were happier. Expanding the scope to include all daily interactions, students kept track of their interactions with weak ties (Study 3). As before, on days when they had more interactions with weak ties than usual, they were happier. Given that people trim their social networks as they age, and interact with fewer acquaintances starting in their late teens, we replicated this study with a community sample (Study 4). People again reported positive consequences on days when they interacted with more weak ties. The last two studies were experimental, rather than correlational. In a field study at Starbucks, people who were assigned to have a genuine social interaction with the cashier, thus treating them more like a weak tie than a stranger, experienced a more positive mood than people who were assigned to have an efficient interaction with the cashier (Study 5). Finally, participants were instructed to increase the number of daily weak tie interactions for ten days, to test whether this would cause sustained increases in happiness (Study 6). Although people experienced an increase in flourishing, and reported a somewhat greater decrease in loneliness over time than people in the control condition, there were no broad changes in happiness or belonging. These studies – the first in social psychology to explicitly focus on weak ties – consistently find a relationship between weak ties and happiness.

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Dormael, Monique van. "Médecine générale et modernité: regards croisés sur l'Occident et le Tiers Monde." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212506.

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Li, Juan Julie, and 李娟. "Social relations of foreign firms in China: afocus on trust, network ties and social capital." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36296326.

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Adkins, Angela M. "MySpace, Facebook, and the strength of internet ties online social networking and bridging social capital /." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1239389919.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Sociology, 2009.
"May, 2009." Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed 11/18/2009) Advisor, Rebecca J. Erickson; Faculty Reader, Clare L. Stacey; Department Chair, John F. Zipp; Dean of the College, Chand Midha; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.

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Bischoff, Kerstin [Verfasser]. "Social search in collaborative tagging networks : the role of ties / Kerstin Bischoff." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2013. http://d-nb.info/104204094X/34.

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Stier, Adam C. "Ties That Bind: American Fiction and the Origins of Social Network Analysis." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1367418508.

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Adjuik, David A. "Weak Ties at Play: Social Networks and Ghanaian Entrepreneurs in Columbus, Ohio." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1343172982.

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Saad, Michael. "Relationship Status: It's Complicated - The Role of Narcissism in the Development of Relationships Through Facebook." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23261.

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The presence of both narcissism and social capital in the digital social networking site Facebook is altering the dynamic of relationship development. Therefore, the central research question directing this study is as follows: What role do narcissistic personality traits play in bridging social capital on Facebook? From this, two sub-questions are raised: 1) What are the motives for users to express narcissistic traits through Facebook? 2) How is narcissistic-motivated activity influencing social capital development through Facebook? Guiding this thesis are concepts of social tie relationships (as they apply to narcissism), and digital social networks. An exploratory study of in-depth interviews was utilized to conduct such research. A key objective in this thesis is understanding motive and purpose for generating social capital in an online environment. The findings from this study suggest Facebook is a facilitator for the expression of narcissistic traits. As a result, this is influencing the disconnected and questionable value of digital social capital.

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Phillips, James William. "The Influence of Religious Attendance and Gender in Accessing High-Status Social Ties." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3045.

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Religious participation often influences the composition of one's social network, but less is known about the degree to which religious attendance increases access to highly-influential individuals who can offer potential advantages in terms of resource distribution. Using data from the Panel Study of American Religion and Ethnicity (PS-ARE) I examine the influence of religious attendance and gender on accessing high-status social ties, which are defined as having conversations with the highly educated, elected public officials, and congregation leaders. I estimate ordered logistic regression models and find that increased religious attendance is associated with greater odds of accessing high-status social ties. Additionally, I test for any moderating influence of gender and find that similarly attending women and men largely access such social ties equally, with a few exceptions. This study identifies religion as an organization that offers similar social networking opportunities for women and men alike. Since women attend religious services more frequently than men, this study draws conclusions that the relationship between religious participation and access to high-status social ties may be particularly meaningful for women on the aggregate, who often experience social networking disadvantages within other organizations.

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Li, Juan Julie. "Social relations of foreign firms in China a focus on trust, network ties and social capital /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36296326.

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Lo, Siu-ching Selina, and 盧少淸. "Rehousing the single elderly: a study of their community ties." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31250105.

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Vidal, Torre Sergi. "Essays on residential trajectories and social ties in the stage of early adulthood." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7248.

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Aquesta tesi doctoral es composa de tres linies de recerca en que s'analitza de forma dinàmica l'associació entre mobilitat residencial / migracions i les relacions social que es troben en el lloc de residència. Les tres recerques s'enmarquen dins del marc teòric del Curs de Vida i es fa us de tècniques d'anàlisi Event-History per analitzar biografies residencials d'adults joves. En la primera recerca s'analitzen l'efecte de l'estructura de la familia extesa (aquella més enllà de la parella i els fills) en la probabilitat de fer un canvi residencial de llarga distancia (més de 50 km) a l'alemanya occidental. En la segona recerca s'analitzen entrades i sortides de la llar parental al Regne Unit. En la tercera recerca s'estudien multiples facetes de la proximitat de les xarxes socials en la propensió d'emigrar en diferents estadis del procés de pressa de decissió.
This PhD thesis tackles from an empirical and quantitative perspective the influence of social ties on geographical mobility behavior and decision-making. The dissertation is composed of three lines of research all framed in Life Course theory and taking advantage of Event-History techniques to analyze individual residential biographies of young adults. The first essay deals about the influence of the extended family structure on the probability of long distance mobility (i.e. further than 50 km) in West Germany. The second essay analyses leaves and returns to the parental home in the UK. The third essay sheds light on the multifaceted effect of ties' proximity on migration propensity in the different stages of decision-making and behaviour.

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Burke, Jean Robinson Social Sciences &amp International Studies Faculty of Arts &amp Social Sciences UNSW. "Jamii, social ties and networks: managing HIV and infant feeding in Central Tanzania." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Social Sciences & International Studies, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43566.

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In Tanzania where HIV transmission is high, decisions to avoid or modify breastfeeding are crucial for infant survival yet difficult due to competing risks. This thesis explores the attitudes towards HIV and infant feeding of mothers and significant members of their social networks in Central Tanzania. It seeks to understand the perceived and potential role of social dynamics in infant feeding decisions to prevent HIV. Qualitative data was collected from in-depth interviews with twenty key informants, six HIV-positive mothers and four relatives of HIV-infected mothers. Thirteen focus group discussions were conducted in one urban and three village sites in the Dodoma region with mothers, fathers, grandparents, traditional midwives and healers, village leaders and people living with HIV. This process was adapted to benefit and maximise participation of respondents and people with HIV. Data was analysed using grounded theory and natural Swahili language. Cases of HIV-positive mothers and their close networks are used to explore the findings. Social graphs visually map and communicate the complex social context around infant feeding in new ways. Emerging themes based on Swahili categorisations provide original conceptualising of how social relations (jamii) are involved in decision-making. In the context of HIV, infant feeding is a moral issue of fear and safety (salama): decisions seek to maximise kinga (immunity). Social ties wield influence on infant feeding decisions by acting as kinga, and as gates or open paths for the flow of capacities (uwezo) into and within networks. Various kinds of capacities affect perceived possibilities for infant feeding and how social ties are involved. The embracing or rejecting of responsibilities within ties, especially after HIV status disclosure, affects mothers?? networks and choices. Networks of influence are constantly changing: resource availability and social support are dynamic. Original conceptualisations of infant-feeding, risk, trust and disclosure networks and their interaction and change explain these patterns of involvement. Swahili-based conceptualisations are used to explain how social ties manage HIV and infant feeding in complex, dynamic ways. This thesis helps reposition approaches to working with Tanzanian mothers, families and communities to enhance support for mothers?? choices by building on collective capacities and responsibilities.

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McLeod, Bryan Timothy. "THE TIES THAT BIND: SOCIAL COMPARISON’S INFLUENCE ON CONSUMER ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORAL INTENTIONS." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1156.

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Humans have an innate need to evaluate themselves and their progress toward life goals and they fulfill this need by comparing themselves to others. One way in which individuals conduct social comparisons is by comparing their possessions with the possessions of others. Prior literature suggests that consumers purchase and conspicuously use brands, not only for their functional benefits, but also for their psychological benefits. These psychological benefits can include reaffirmation of one’s status or group membership and increased self-esteem. Although previous research shows that social comparisons can influence consumer attitudes and behavior, it has focused primarily on the negative consequences of upward comparisons and the positive consequences of downward comparisons in the pre-purchase context. Because consumers do not stop conducting social comparisons once they purchase a brand, it is important to understand how social comparisons affect consumer attitudes and behavioral intentions in a post-purchase context. Additionally, little research has addressed how factors such as a brand’s concept and whether the brand will be used in public (vs. private) affect the relationship between the direction of social comparisons and consumer attitudes and behavioral intentions. This dissertation is focused on filling these gaps by looking at the potentially negative effects of downward comparisons and potentially positive effects of upward comparisons on consumer post-purchase attitudes and behavioral intentions. Specifically, this dissertation examines how observing an unsuccessful (successful) other using the same brand affects consumer attitudes toward the brand, preferences for conspicuous consumption, and repurchase intentions. This dissertation also examines how a brand’s concept and whether the brand is used primarily in public vs. private moderates this relationship. Unlike previous research that shows social comparisons can influence people’s preferences in a pre-purchase context, this research investigated how social comparisons influence people’s attitudes and behavioral intentions in the post-purchase context. Specifically, I examined how people’s attitudes and behavioral intentions towards brands they already own can differ based upon the direction of social comparisons. An examination of social comparison’s effects in the post-purchase context is important given the benefits that repeat and loyal customers provide firms. Results indicate that consumer post-purchase brand attitudes, repurchase intentions, and preferences for conspicuous consumption differ based upon the direction of social comparison. This indicates that attitudes and behavioral intentions can change based upon the direction of the comparison. Results also indicate that the effects of social comparisons on consumer attitudes and behavior are significant for symbolic brands but not for functional brands. Results also indicate that the effects of social comparisons on consumer attitudes and behavior are significant for public brands but not private brands. Finally, results indicate that perceived similarity between a consumer and comparison target mediates the relationship between social comparison and consumer attitudes and behavior. Theoretically, this research adds to the social comparison literature by showing the potentially negative consequences of downward comparisons on consumer attitudes and behavioral attitudes in the post-purchase context. It is also among the first to examine how a brand's concept interacts with the direction of a social comparison. Managerially, this research draws managers' attention to the importance of keeping brand concepts consistent.

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Ebrahim, Saberah. "Interactions between social ties and saving mechanisms as a determinant of savings behaviour." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79577.

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The prevalence of a strong saving culture has a positive effect on economic welfare resulting in a reduction in inequalities. Within South Africa, Stokvels are an established informal savings mechanism which this study uses as a proxy for exemplary saving behaviour. The success of stokvels can be attributed to social capital and the spirit of ubuntu. Thus, this research aims to determine whether social capital and the cultural practice of ubuntu can influence saving decisions amongst the broader society. This study adopted a between-subjects Experimental Vignette Methodology design to investigate the effects of social distance and culture on saving contributions. A three by two research design was employed. Social distance increased incrementally across the three levels and culture was tested using a frame. This study also applied strength of social ties as a moderator variable. The study found that saving contributions significantly varies across a neutral framing and an ubuntu framing, which supplements existing claims that culture influences decision making. Thus, this study provides evidence to support the effectiveness of framing as a measure of culture. The study also found that social distance and strength of social ties do not impact saving contribution.
Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
pt2021
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted

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Aldrich, Lindsey L. "Sibling Relationships in Early Adulthood: The Associations between Social Statuses and Sibling Ties." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu147851519857788.

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Alsuhaibani, Azzam A. "The Impact of Social Ties between CEOs and CFOs on Financial Reporting Quality." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1532084149612262.

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Pollack, Jeffrey. "SOCIAL TIES AND TEAM-MEMBER EXCHANGE AS ANTECEDENTS TO PERFORMANCE IN NETWORKING GROUPS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1805.

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The present research examines the role of social ties and team-member exchange quality (TMX) in enabling small business owners involved in formal networking groups to gain access to new business. I report on data from two studies. First, initial data from a pilot study of 23 small business owners in networking groups revealed that more numerous social ties and more positive perceptions of team-member exchange quality (TMX) predicted performance outcomes. Specifically, individuals who had more numerous social ties within a networking group, and who reported higher TMX perceptions of their group, received significantly more referrals to potential clients compared to individuals who had numerous social ties but lower perceptions of TMX. Second, using a sample of 336 small business owners across 24 networking groups I built on these initial results, and incorporated an expanded theoretical framework, to explore how and when social ties and TMX influence the effectiveness of small business owners in networking groups. Specifically, I draw on the literatures related to social network theory, team-member exchange quality and affective organizational commitment to guide my exploration of the effectiveness of small business owners in networking groups. Data support the conclusion that both social ties and team-member exchange are important factors predicting the performance outcomes of small business owners in networking groups. Further, the data illustrate the mediating role of affective organizational commitment between the relation of social ties and team-member exchange on performance outcomes. I discuss implications and describe areas for future research based on these findings.

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Engle, Scott L. "Structural Holes and Simmelian Ties: Exploring Social Capital, Task Interdependence, and Individual Effectiveness." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2251/.

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Two contrasting notions have been put forward on how social capital may influence individual effectiveness in organizations. Burt (1992) sets forth the informational and control advantages that are possible by building an open network characterized by large numbers of structural holes. In contrast, Coleman (1990) and Simmel (1950) have suggested that network closure, exemplified by large numbers of Simmelian ties, enables actors to develop trust, cohesiveness, and norms which contribute to effectiveness. Simmelian ties are strong, reciprocal ties shared by three actors. It is proposed that an actor's network cannot be dominated by both structural holes and Simmelian ties. Thus, this study examines whether a moderating variable is at work. It is proposed that the actor's task interdependence in the workplace influences the relationship between network closure and individual effectiveness. Actors in less task interdependent environments will benefit especially from the information and control benefits afforded by a network characterized by structural holes. Conversely, actors in highly interdependent environments will benefit especially from the creation of trust and cooperation that result from large numbers of Simmelian ties. Data was collected on 113 subjects in three organizations. Subjects were asked to rate the strength of their relationship with all organization members and their own level of task interdependence. Contrary to expectations, nearly all subjects reported high levels of task interdependence. Raters in each organization provided individual effectiveness measures for all subjects. Hypotheses were tested using hierarchical set regression and bivariate correlation. The results indicated support for the hypothesized relationship of Simmelian ties with task interdependence. When examining all cases, no support was found for the hypothesized relationship of structural holes and Simmelian ties with individual effectiveness and of structural holes with task interdependence. Nonetheless, additional analyses provided some indication of an association between Simmelian ties and individual effectiveness. Task interdependence did not moderate the relationships between either Simmelian ties or structural holes and individual effectiveness.

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Palash, Polina. "Organizing transnational social protection in times of crisis : Ecuadorian families in between Ecuador, Spain and England." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0601.

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Cette thèse porte sur les arrangements transnationaux de protection sociale à l’échelle des familles, c'est-à-dire les stratégies développées par leurs membres dispersés pour faire face aux risques et couvrir leurs besoins, par delà les frontières nationales. Le terrain concerne les familles transnationales équatoriennes qui organisent leur protection sociale entre l’Europe et leur pays d’origine, et s’appuie sur une étude ethnographique multi-localisée et avec un échantillon partiellement combiné, conduite en Espagne, en Angleterre et en Équateur. Les familles ont été affectées par deux crises financières majeures : en Équateur à la fin des années 90 et en Europe en 2008. Ces crises ont généré des reconfigurations spatiales des mobilités, en particulier une deuxième migration récente de citoyens de l'UE bénéficiant de la double nationalité (équatorienne et espagnole), depuis l’Espagne vers Angleterre, où des Equatoriens étaient déjà installés depuis les années 1980. Ces recompositions affectent les formes de protection sociale au sein des familles, générant notamment des flux économiques inversés en provenance d'Équateur, qui assurent les besoins des migrants en Europe. Dans leurs multiples adaptations, les migrants accumulent des vulnérabilités, tout en faisant face aux insuffisances des systèmes de protection sociale nationaux pour couvrir les besoins de leurs familles transnationales. Les risques relatifs à la gestion des questions de protection sociale sont en partie compensés par une circulation diffuse du soutien au sein des réseaux familiaux, qui génère des flux de ressources multidirectionnels
This thesis addresses the transnational social protection arrangements deployed as strategies developed and sustained by people living across different countries to cope with risks and cover their needs. The thesis focuses on Ecuadorian transnational families managing social protection concerns between Europe and their country of origin, drawing on a multi-sited, partly matched-sample ethnographic study conducted across Spain, England and Ecuador. Families in this study have had to deal with two financial crises – at the end of 1990s in Ecuador and the global 2008 recession, which again destabilized the life of Ecuadorian migrants abroad. This implied various spatial reconfigurations, such as the onward move of dual EU (Ecuadorian-Spanish) citizens from Spain to England, where there has been a small Ecuadorian community since the 1980s. The 2008 recession also prompted readjustments of protective arrangements for Ecuadorian migrants, including reverse economic flows from Ecuador aimed at providing for their daily needs in Europe. In their multiple adaptations migrants accumulate vulnerabilities, while dealing with inadequacies of the different welfare systems with respect to the needs of their transnational families. The predominant risks of the management of social protection concerns across several countries is partly compensated by a diffuse circulation of support in family networks, entailing multidirectional flows of resources

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48

Toma, Sorana. "Ties that bind? : networks and gender in international migration : the case of Senegal." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:086260b0-7c21-4333-ac8b-2d8eeb7cc7f4.

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This thesis examines the roles of migrant networks in the migration and subsequent economic integration of Senegalese men and women in France, Italy and Spain. It challenges the assumption that networks are invariably sources of assistance in the migration process and examines the factors responsible for variations in their influence. In doing so, it uses quantitative methods and analyzes recently collected longitudinal data within the framework of the Migration between Africa and Europe (MAFE) project. Migrant networks -– members of the respondent’s personal circle that have international migration experience – are conceptualized as a form of individual-level social capital that may or may not shape specific outcomes. The thesis contributes to the literature by adopting a longitudinal view of the migration process and considering both migration behaviour and migrants’ labour market trajectories at destination. In doing so, it bridges two areas of research that have mostly developed separately. Second, the intersections between migrant networks and gender, insufficiently studied so far, are here examined in detail. Furthermore, the role of networks in different forms of female mobility – often confounded in previous work - are here analysed separately. Last but not least, the thesis makes a methodological contribution by operationalizing migrant networks in a more dynamic way than previous work. Findings suggest that migrant social capital has a large influence on migration behaviour, while playing a lower and more ambivalent role in migrants’ labour market outcomes at destination. Furthermore, several dimensions are found to shape the extent and channels of networks’ influence. First, men and women do not rely on the same ties in their migration process. Also, women migrating independently of a partner make a different (and greater) use of their migrant connections than those joining their spouse abroad. Migrant social capital is found to work along gender lines: only access to male migrant networks increases the migration likelihood or the job prospects at destination for prospective male migrants. On the other hand, female networks play a crucial role in independent women’s migration process. However, while they greatly increase women’s likelihood of moving to Europe on their own, they also lead them to lower-status jobs. Last, the context of destination was found to shape the operation of migrant networks. In France, where a socio-economically diverse Senegalese community has long been established, pre-migration ties at destination lead to better economic opportunities. In contrast, migrant networks in Italy or Spain appear to channel male migrants into street-selling activities. Thus, bonding social capital in the form of migrant networks appears to reproduce the ethnic niches developed at destination and the gender-segmented nature of the labour market.

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Avena, Maura Espinheira. "Vínculo familiar contemporâneo: ressonâncias no processo de socialização." Universidade Catolica de Salvador, 2013. http://ri.ucsal.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456730/232.

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O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar como vem se desenvolvendo a dinâmica interna do grupo familiar contemporâneo em sua rede vincular e interacional, buscando compreender suas ressonâncias no processo de socialização dos filhos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa que partiu de um enfoque específico da Psicologia Social: o ECRO (Esquema Conceitual Referencial e Operativo) criado e desenvolvido por Pichon-Rivière. Foram realizadas, de maneira individualizada, entrevistas semi-estruturadas com três casais de classe média/média alta de salvador, com nível superior e com filhos em idade de 05 a 10 anos. Em seguida, foi realizado o Grupo Operativo com as três mulheres/cônjuges dos casais entrevistados e mais duas mulheres cujos cônjuges não puderam ser entrevistados. Os resultados coletados foram apresentados através de cinco eixos temáticos: Mulher X Trabalho; Individualização X Pertença/cooperação; Crise X Mudança/Superação; Verticalidade X Horizontalidade; Novas tecnologias X Novos vínculos X Novos modelos de aprendizagem. Tais eixos puderam revelar que, a função de socialização e educação no grupo familiar vem sendo dificultada cotidianamente, como também a função parental que a sustenta, devido às condições novas e adversas que emergem com os processos sociais, culturais e tecnológicos na atualidade. Esses processos, pelo grau de aceleração com que ocorrem, geram instabilidade e insegurança no âmbito familiar e, portanto, em seus vínculos. Neste contexto e em relação às funções já citadas, a mãe/mulher tem o papel mais participativo junto aos filhos e na sustentação dos vínculos familiares. Os aspectos revelados não são conclusivos e merecem maior aprofundamento devido ao seu nível de complexidade.
INTRODUCTION: The present study aimed to investigate how the internal dynamics of the contemporary family group has been developing on its network link and interaction, seeking to understand its resonances in the children’s process of socialization. This is a qualitative research that started with a specific focus of Social Psychology: CSRO (Conceptual Schema Reference and Operation) created and developed by Pichon-Rivière. METHODOLOGY: Semi-structured interviews were carried out on an individual basis, with three couples of middle class/upper middle class in Salvador with higher education, and children in 05-10 years. Then, the Operational Group formed with three women/spouses of interviewed couples and two other women whose spouses could not be interviewed. RESULTS: The results obtained were presented through five theme axes: Women X Work; Individualization X Belonging/Cooperation; Crisis X Change/Overcoming; Verticality X Horizontality; New technologies X New bonds X New models of learning. Such axes might reveal that the function of socialization and education in the family is being hampered every day, as well as the parental function that sustains it, due to new and adverse conditions emerging from social, cultural and technological processes nowadays. Those processes, due to the degree of acceleration they occur, generate instability and insecurity in the family and therefore in their ties. CONCLUSION: In this context and in relation to the functions already mentioned, the mother/woman has a more participatory role with their children and in the support of family bonds. Aspects revealed are inconclusive and deserve a more profound study, due to their level of complexity.

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Aked, Jody. "Ties that mobilise : the relational structure and wellbeing dynamics of collective action." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/74842/.

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This thesis is about how complex change processes requiring collective action happen. Its concern is with connecting the technicalities of change (doing X to influence Y) to the human factors that move people to act. It draws learning from the efforts of a diverse group of volunteers and residents to protect a water ecosystem on a disasterstricken island in the Philippines. It analyses the relational structures and wellbeing dynamics of people's interactions to bring new insights into the interpersonal experiences that mobilise and sustain collective endeavours. Despite long-standing interest in the psychology of individual motivation and group dynamics, the integration of these fields to consider the role of motivation in rewarding and adaptive interpersonal interactions is a very recent focus (O'Hara & Rutsch, 2013; Weinstein, 2014). The way individuals approach one another – and the emotional effects of interpersonal interactions on motivation – is not recognised in rational and cognitive conceptualisations of collective action (Hoggett, 2000) in social-ecological systems (Head, 2016; Anderson, 2017). To address this gap, the research is concerned with the existence of social networks, their wellbeing qualities and the interplays which contextualise collective action. The core questions driving this research are: * How are networks for collective action built and strengthened? * Which network experiences motivate individuals while building their momentum as a collective? * What qualities sustain a network of people? Looking at how volunteering works, when it works, the study examines the social networks of volunteers and the patterns of wellbeing created through network interactions, tracing what possibilities relational structures and the wellbeing dynamics they amplify create for social-ecological systems change. To accomplish an examination of ‘relationships for change', I use a participatory methodology informed by system and complexity concepts to illuminate interrelationships between context, experiences and relationships, which helped me and co-participants to understand and build from what works. To accomplish an analysis of the data generated, I integrate two fields of research: social networks with human wellbeing to understand collective action. I also integrate research from natural resource management and volunteering to situate an examination of collective action in a real-world context. Both the data collection and sense-making processes are anchored in a belief that human development and the challenges that stand in its way – climate change, inequality and poverty – are inherently complex phenomena (Ramalingam et al., 2008; Apgar et al., 2009; Marks, 2011; Bellagio Initiative, 2012; Ramalingam, 2013) requiring that we increase our capacity to work with this complexity rather than simplify the way things are (O'Hara & Lyon, 2014).

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Social and familiy ties'

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