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1
Gertz, Robert. "Moral Code: The Design and Social Values of the Internet." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/121006.
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PhilosophyPh.D.
In the field of philosophy, the study of the Internet has mainly focused on the social responses to the technology or offered contending visions of the future forms of the Internet with little or no regard for the import of the technical features that contribute to these possibilities. Philosophy lacks a sustained investigation of the implications of the basic design of the Internet technology. This dissertation lays out a philosophical framework for investigating the social and historical relations that result in the embodiment of specific interests in the technology of the Internet. Its philosophical basis, influenced by the thought of Karl Marx, Herbert Marcuse, and Andrew Feenberg, supports a social constructivist approach that includes theorization of the oppressive embodiment of hegemonic and exclusive interests in technology while rejecting the technological determinisms influenced by Martin Heidegger's philosophy of technology. After establishing that three pervasive social-political interests - accessibility, openness, and decentralization - directed the design choices that produced the fundamental structure of the Internet, I consider how these embodied interests have interacted with interests arising through the commercial commodification and the globalization of the Internet since the 1990s. Critically evaluating and expanding upon theoretical work in philosophy and other disciplines, I argue that the interests of accessibility, openness, and decentralization, while potentially oppressive when appropriated to satisfy the needs of commercial advertising and dominant social relations, avert the technological hegemony and exclusivity that has concerned philosophers. The result of these embodied interests is an emancipatory ability to incorporate alternative interests and uses through dispersed collaboration and participation, which enables Internet technology to remain minimally coercive.
Temple University--Theses
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Po, Sum-cho. "Value education in social studies for primary schools in Hong Kong : a study of the different approaches used by teachers of social studies /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18531696.
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Clark, Brian Aaron Martin. "Practicing against what you preach a social values perspective on moral hypocrisy /." Winston-Salem, NC : Wake Forest University, 2009. http://dspace.zsr.wfu.edu/jspui/handle/10339/42599.
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Niemi, Laura. "Interrogating Moral Norms." Thesis, Boston College, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104927.
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Thesis advisor: Liane YoungResearch in three parts used behavioral methods and fMRI to shed light on the nature of moral norms and situate them within a broader understanding of how people deploy cognition to navigate the social world. Results revealed that moral norms in two clusters: {1} “universal-rights norms” (i.e., values focused on universal rights to be unharmed and treated as an equal); and {2} “group-elevating norms” (i.e., loyalty, reciprocity, obedience to authority, and concern about purity) predicted prosocial and antisocial moral judgments, interpersonal orientations, and behaviors through cognitive mechanisms including representations of causation and theory of mind (ToM). Five studies reported in Part 1 demonstrated that universal-rights norms were positively associated with prosociality (equal allocations and willingness to help); whereas group-elevating norms were robustly positively associated with antisocial interpersonal orientations (Machiavellianism and Social Dominance Orientation). Three studies in Part 2 showed that group-elevating norms predicted antisocial moral judgments including stigmatization and blame of victims. In contrast, universal-rights values were associated with sensitivity to victims’ suffering and blame of perpetrators. Experimentally manipulating moral focus off of victims and onto perpetrators reduced victim-blaming by reducing perceptions of victims as causal and increasing perceptions of victims as forced. Effects of group-elevating norms on victim-blaming were likewise mediated by perceptions of victim causality and forcedness, suggesting that intervening on focus constitutes one way to modulate effects of moral norms on moral judgments. Four studies in Part 3 examined moral diversity within the domain of fairness and revealed that group-elevating and universal-rights norms are differentially reflected in conceptions of fairness as reciprocity, charity, and impartiality. Reciprocity and charity warranted being clustered together as person-based fairness due to their shared motivational basis in consideration of the unique states of individuals and emotion, and their robust, overlapping recruitment of neural activity indicative of ToM in PC, VMPFC and DMPFC. Impartiality, which favored no particular individual, constituted person-blind fairness, due to its reliance on standard procedures rather than the unique states of individuals or emotion, and its failure to recruit PC, VMPFC and DMPFC. In terms of fairness and moral praiseworthiness, these three allocative processes cleaved along a different line. Person-blind impartiality was rated most fair and highly moral, and person-based fairness broke apart into: charity, deemed highly moral and labeled by the most empathic participants as fair; and reciprocity, which was lowest in fairness and moral praiseworthiness ratings and most esteemed by Machiavellian individuals and those who made a greater number of self-interested allocations. Enhanced activity in LTPJ for unfairness generally, and in judgment of reciprocity in particular, pointed to a role for ToM in moral evaluation of these different conceptions of fairness. Findings across Parts 1-3 have meta-ethical implications. Reduced endorsement of universal-rights norms and increased endorsement of group-elevating norms conferred risk for antisocial judgments, interpersonal orientations and behaviors, suggesting that universal-rights norms and group-elevating norms may differ in their capacity to produce moral outcomes. Results demonstrating a role for ToM and representations of causality in the effects of moral norms on moral judgments deserve focus in future research. It will be important to determine how deeply moral values imbed into individuals’ cognitive architecture, and the extent to which effects of moral values can be modulated via interventions on basic cognition
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2015
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Psychology
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Fea, Courtney J. "Value source, value priming, and social norms as predictors of engaging in minor moral/legal violations." Diss., Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38156.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Psychological Sciences
Laura A. Brannon
The current dissertation examined the role value sources and social norms play in people’s likelihood to commit minor moral and/or legal violations. First, using the process of value acquisition as a general guideline, five value sources were hypothesized to influence an individual’s tendency for minor moral/legal crimes. Second, based on social norms theory and social norm interventions, it was hypothesized strategically manipulating social norms may alter a person’s willingness to partake in various immoral and/or illegal activities. Two studies were conducted to test these suppositions. Participants randomly assigned to between-subjects design experiments completed questionnaires via the web. In Experiment 1, participants mindset primed with values from multiple value sources (parental, peer, media, religion, personal) indicated how they “personally would act” if provided the opportunity to commit minor moral/legal violations. Participants primed with personal, parental, and religious values were willing to act as the value source suggested in minor moral/legal violation situations. Participants primed with media values did not necessarily follow the value source’s recommendations regarding minor moral/legal violations. In Experiment 2, participants exposed to low, actual, or high social norm (and severity perception) ratings reported how likely they were to commit the same minor moral/legal violations. Participants shown high norm ratings expressed a greater willingness to engage in minor moral/legal violations than those shown low norm ratings. Results suggested value sources and norm ratings differentially impacted participants’ willingness to be involved in minor immoral and/or unlawful behavior.
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Baghaei, Mojdeh. "Parents' perceptions of social responsibility: a case study of social responsibility in one elementary school /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2299.
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Webber, Anderson Vieira de Lima. "Reconhecimento social e comportamento moral: Estudo em moral naturalizada." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2018. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/7349.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Analisamos como podemos pensar a moralidade no âmbito descritivo do comportamento à luz da hipótese de que o agente da ação moral está sujeito à pressão do reconhecimento de outros agentes, e em que medida isso é de relevância para a tomada de decisão. Ao final do trabalho não apresentamos uma resposta para um guia da ação moral, uma norma que possa auxiliar na tomada de decisão frente à dilemas e problemas morais. Ao final teremos clara a ideia de que uma ação pode ser influenciada por reconhecimento com o peso equivalente ao que atribuímos a valores e razões, a importância do reconhecimento sugirirá que valores e razões não poderiam viger sem o reconhecimento.
The present work is a strictly bibliographic study of moral behavior. In order to research, through the work of other researchers, the hypothesis according to which moral behavior is before influenced by values, influenced by the recognition of other moral agents. How can we think of morality in the descriptive scope of behavior in the light of the hypothesis that the agent of moral action is subject to pressure from the recognition of other agents, and that is relevance for decision-making. At the end of this work we will not be with a definitive answer the description of the behavior, because it requires a holistic work of various areas of knowledge. Nor at the end of the work will we have an answer to a moral action guide, a norm that can assist in the decision-making in the face of dilemmas and moral problems. In the end, we will be in the perspective that, before an action is motivated by reasons and values, it is motivated by recognition.
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Jones, Carwyn Rhys. "A philosophical critique of selected social scientific research into values and moral development in sport." Thesis, Open University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284377.
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Rowe, Jonathan Y. "Michal, contradicting values : understanding the moral dilemma faced by Saul's daughter." Thesis, St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/639.
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Villagran, Paula Alejandra Boero. "Formação em responsabilidade social na universidade: análise de uma experiência." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47131/tde-19072012-092246/.
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As universidades são, no mundo, as instituições responsáveis pela formação das elites intelectuais de seus países. Logo, é missão das universidades gerar conhecimento e formar cientistas, humanistas e profissionais orientados para satisfazer às necessidades de desenvolvimento de um país e proporcionar competências sólidas aos cidadãos do mundo presente e futuro, contribuindo para a educação de cidadãos éticos, comprometidos com a construção da paz, a defesa dos direitos humanos e os valores da democracia (Corporación Participa, 2006). Nesse contexto, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo conhecer se o Projeto de formação de profissionais com valores, atitudes e comportamentos necessários para o exercício da responsabilidade social, conseguiu desenvolver nos estudantes chilenos, de seis universidades associadas, mudanças mensuráveis nesses comportamentos, atitudes e valores, através das perspectivas teóricas de Piaget e Kohlberg. Para esses fins, se coletou a informação nas universidades associadas através dos relatórios emitidos durante e a pós a execução do Projeto. Os dados foram analisados qualitativamente mediante análises de frequência e, quantitativamente através de provas estatísticas. Os resultados mostraram que o grupo de estudantes que foi alvo da intervenção teve avanços parciais no respeito aos comportamentos, atitudes e valores associados à responsabilidade social. Observaram-se mudanças em alguns fatores ou atitudes associadas à responsabilidade social. Essas variações observadas nos mostram que sem dúvida houve uma tomada de consciência, entretanto essa tomada de consciência não se traduziu em uma responsabilidade social global mais expandida. Os elementos que explicam esses resultados são de variadas índoles, indo desde aspectos no desenho original do Projeto até o peso dos valores imperantes na sociedade contemporânea, passando pela consideração do período evolutivo que vivenciam os estudantes. Também influíram elementos da formação universitária, como o currículo, a formação dos professores, as metodologias utilizadas bem como a cultura universitária propriamente dita. Concluiu-se que é imprescindível ter uma coerência entre a cultura universitária e o sistema de valores que a responsabilidade social promove, isto é, encarnar nos processos universitários esses valores, para permitir um desenvolvimento consistente dessa dimensão da ética, de modo que a responsabilidade social seja um marco em que se produz o processo de integração do estudante universitário à sociedade e, que através dessa interação, essa dimensão ética possa ser estimulada e facilitada. É necessário também privilegiar as metodologias de ensino baseadas na cooperação, na reciprocidade e no respeito mútuo, condições que estimulam a autonomia moral e, por conseguinte, o desenvolvimento da responsabilidade social como conduta moral. Finalmente, acreditamos necessários novos trabalhos de formação em responsabilidade social que possibilitem examinar, desde outras perspectivas, as questões aqui analisadas, as questões pendentes e as novas indagações que sem dúvida surgirão em futuros trabalhos na formação moral e éticaThe universities are, throughout the world, the institutions responsible for the education of the cultural and intellectual elites. Hence, their mission includes the generation of new knowledge, the formation of the next generation of scientists, intellectuals and professionals to fulfill their countries\' development necessities, to offer solid competences to the present and future citizens of their countries and the world and to pursue the development of ethical human beings, committed to peace, to the defense of the human rights and to the values of democracy (Corporación Participa, 2006). The present research starts from this context. Our main objective was to know if the project for education of social responsibility was able to develop measurable changes in the behaviors, attitudes and values associated with the exercise of social responsibility in Chilean college students from the six participating universities. The theoretical framework adopted in the analysis comes mainly from the works of Jean Piaget and Laurence Kohlberg. The data we used comes mainly from the participating universities reports issued during and after the project development and execution. This data was analyzed qualitatively, through frequency analysis, and quantitatively through statistical tests. The results show the target students achieved some enhancement in their behaviors, attitudes and values associated with the exercise of social responsibility. These observed changes show that while the students reached a new level of awareness, this new awareness was not automatically translated into an enhanced or more developed social responsibility. The elements that explain the Projects effectivity are many and of many natures. They range from design weaknesses up to the modern society prevalent moral value, including also the students development stage. The Project was also influenced by elements specific to the Chilean college environment, such as the curricula, the professors formation, the educational methodologies used and the universities culture as such. The conclusion was that its essential to strive for coherence between the university culture and the system of values promoted by the social responsibility, that is, the whole university, its members, its staff and its actions must be, at all times, informed by those values. Only this way we will allow for a solid development of this ethical dimension, turning the social responsibility into the landmark that signals the passage of the student from the university into the society. We must also promote those educational methodologies based on cooperation, reciprocity and mutual respect, methodologies that facilitate the moral autonomy of the students and allow for the development of the social responsibility as a moral conduct. Finally, we believe that both the questions analyzed and the many unanswered questions this work raised should be object of further studies and research
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Hotte, Alan M. (Alan Mark) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Morality and value-attitude correspondence." Ottawa, 1992.
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Lau, Yin-har. "Values teaching in Hong Kong junior secondary mathematics." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1760252X.
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Leung, Lai-yung. "Value orientations in junior secondary social studies curriculum." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21304178.
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Kamere, Meryem. "Etik- och värdegrundsarbete i skolan, Working with ethics and fundamental values in school." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-31709.
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Mitt examensarbete belyser lärarnas arbetssätt med etik och värdegrund från en skola. Det innehåller redogörelser för hur de definierar begreppen etik och värdegrund. Jag belyser även deras uppfattning när det gäller arbetet och värderingar. Slutligen klargör jag lärarnas upplevelser och hantering av etiska dilemman. Som forskningsmetod valde jag att genomföra en kvalitativ studie med sex intervjuer. De intervjuade personerna är lärare som arbetar i grundskolans tidigare och senare år. Ur mitt undersökningsresultat har jag kommit fram till att lärare som medverkade är medvetna om sin betydelse för etik- och värdegrundsarbetet. De var eniga om arbetets syfte och betydelse och anser etik- och värdegrundsarbetet som en självklar del av skolans verksamhet. Lärare använder sig av likartat arbetssätt som främjar elevernas lärande kring etik och värdegrund. De arbetsformer de använder för att främja lärandet och utveckla kompetensen är exempelvis; samtal, värdeövningar, skönlitteratur, tv program, reflektionsstunder. Därtill beskriver lärare viktiga värderingar som anses vara avgörande för ett etiskt och demokratiskt förhållningssätt. Många lärare verkar ha svårt att hantera särskilda etiska dilemman och upplever det som ett arbete som aldrig tar slut.
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Cash, Carey H. "The military as moral community: exploring the relationship between martial and societal values." Thesis, Boston University, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/19819.
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Carnevalli, Henrique Abarca Schelini [UNESP]. "Desenvolvimento moral e social de adolescentes em conflito com a lei e a contribuição das medidas socioeducativas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153047.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Os objetivos desta pesquisa se concentraram em caracterizar a moralidade e a consciência social dos adolescentes em conflito com a lei através das Medidas Socioeducativas (MSE) em meio aberto de Prestação de Serviços à Comunidade (PSC) e de Liberdade Assistida (LA) e em analisar de que forma, sob o ponto de vista deles, elas contribuíram para o seu desenvolvimento moral e social. Por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada averiguou-se de que modo eles apreciaram a medida socioeducativa, os serviços e as atividades realizadas, as regras da entidade, a entidade, a relação com os educadores e qual era a compreensão que tinham de si mesmo, do outro e da realidade a sua volta. Viu-se, ainda, de que forma eram estabelecidas as relações de diálogo, de interação social, de respeito, de solidariedade, e a importância que davam a elas e quais eram os seus projetos de vida. Por meio da aplicação de um questionário contendo 16 testes-histórias, baseado na teoria de Lawrence Kohlberg (1927-1987) sobre o desenvolvimento moral, diagnosticou-se também de que forma os adolescentes que cumprem estas duas medidas aderiram aos valores de justiça, respeito, solidariedade e convivência democrática, evidenciando em qual nível de tomada de perspectiva se dava tal adesão: em um nível egocêntrico, sociocêntrico ou verdadeiramente moral. Para um melhor diagnóstico também foram entrevistados os educadores que acompanham e organizam as atividades socioeducativas com os adolescentes. Baseando-se nas concepções teóricas de Jean Piaget (1896-1980) sobre o desenvolvimento da inteligência e sobre o desenvolvimento da moral viu-se primeiramente a importância que os esquemas de ação assumem na elaboração dos conceitos e a importância que a cooperação e o respeito mútuo exercem na chegada de uma moral autônoma. Para ambos os processos foi destacado o papel central da tomada de consciência, demonstrando como ela pode favorecer tanto a capacidade de reflexão, como a construção de um projeto de vida e a compreensão das regras. A partir deste autor e de Paulo Freire (1921-1997) pensou-se em uma concepção de educação moral que pudesse, através do diálogo, da conscientização, da solidariedade, da troca, levar os adolescentes em conflito com a lei, a passar por mudanças na sua maneira de enxergar o mundo e a projetar o seu futuro. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam, então, que os adolescentes ao vivenciar situações novas, colaborarem de forma ativa, trocarem pontos de vistas em reuniões em grupo, serem respeitados, manterem uma relação dialógica, experimentarem relações de solidariedade e cooperação, veem as medidas contribuírem de alguma forma para o seu desenvolvimento moral e social. Por outro lado, se constata que muitos educadores ainda desconhecem os procedimentos das medidas, acabando por se distanciar e atuar de modo apenas verbalista. Do mais, os dados finais dos questionários apontam que os adolescentes tiveram uma adesão na perspectiva moral no valor de justiça e convivência democrática e transitaram entre a perspectiva egocêntrica e sociocentrica quanto ao valor do respeito e da solidariedade, fato que pode sugerir certo grau de influência das medidas, do individualismo e das tensões sociais crescentes em nossos dias.
The objectives of this research were to characterize the morality and the social conscience of adolescents in conflict with the law through the Socio-educational Measures (Medidas Socioeducativas - MSE) in the open community Service Delivery (Prestação de Serviços à Comunidade - PSC) and Assisted-Liberty (Liberdade Assistida - LA) and analyze which, from their point of view, contributed to their moral and social development. Through a semi-structured interview, they examined how they appreciated the socio-educational measure, the services and activities carried out, the rules of the entity, the entity, the relationship with the educators and what their understanding of themselves was, the and the reality around you. It was also seen how the relations of dialogue, of social interaction, of respect, of solidarity, and the importance they gave to them and their life projects were established. Through the application of a questionnaire containing 16 test-histories, based on Lawrence Kohlberg's theory (1927-1987) on moral development, it was also diagnosed how adolescents who comply with these two measures adhered to the values of justice, respect, solidarity and democratic coexistence, showing at what level of perspective adhesion: on an egocentric, sociocentric or genuinely moral level. For a better diagnosis were also interviewed educators, who accompany and organize socio-educational activities with adolescents. Based on the theoretical conceptions of Jean Piaget (1896-1980) on the development of intelligence and the development of morality, we first saw the importance that the action schemes assume in the elaboration of concepts, and the significance that cooperation and respect mutual exercise in the arrival of an autonomous moral. For both processes, the central role of awareness was highlighted, demonstrating how it favors both the capacity for reflection, the construction of a life project and the understanding of the rules. From this author and Paulo Freire (1921-1997), it was considered a conception of moral education that could, through dialogue, awareness, solidarity, exchange, lead adolescents in conflict with the law to undergo changes in their way of seeing the world and projecting their future. The results of the research show that adolescents experience new situations collaborate actively, exchange points of view in group meetings, be respected, maintain a dialogical relationship, experience relationships of solidarity and cooperation, see the measures contribute some form for their moral and social development. On the other hand, it is observed that many educators still do not know the procedures of the measures, ending up distancing themselves and acting in a moralistic and verbal way. Moreover, the final data of the questionnaires indicate that the adolescents had a moral perspective on the value of justice and democratic coexistence and transited between the egocentric and sociocentric perspective on the value of respect and solidarity, a fact that suggests a certain degree of influence of the individualism and the growing social tensions in our day.
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ROCHA, Sabrina Araújo Feitoza Fernandes. "Representações sociais, valores morais, bússolas morais, hipercultura e segurança pública: um estudo com criminosos, policiais e cidadãos comuns na região metropolitana do Recife." UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/15521.
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CAPES
A Segurança Pública é um fenômeno complexo de grande importância social, envolvendo a criminalidade e violência, o policiamento utilizado para controlá-las e ações de prevenção. Todos os segmentos da sociedade estão envolvidos nela, podendo se classificar os seus agentes nos seguintes grandes grupos: policiais, criminosos e demais cidadãos. No caso brasileiro em particular, os policiais subdividem-se principalmente em civis e militares, cada um com o seu papel, embora existam ainda outras modalidades com efetivo menor. A dinâmica do sistema de segurança é dada principalmente pelo comportamento e interação entre esses agentes. Segundo Moscovici (1978), as pessoas constroem seu conhecimento acerca do mundo, e com ele interagem, em função de imagens e ideias construídas nas práticas sociais através das comunicações cotidianas, sendo esta a noção de Representação Social. Partindo dessa premissa, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as representações sociais dos agentes do sistema de Segurança Pública acerca uns dos outros, relacionando-os com os diversos elementos psicológicos, sociais e culturais característicos de cada um. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo empírico com 120 adultos da região Metropolitana do Recife, sendo 30 cidadãos comuns, 30 policiais civis, 30 policiais militares e 30 criminosos condenados, onde se procurou avaliar as representações sociais que eles tem de si mesmos e uns dos outros, além de sua sociodemografia, bússolas morais, valores morais (Schwartz, 2006) e hipercultura (Souza, Silva, Silva, Roazzi& Carrilho, 2012). Foram usados como instrumentos de pesquisa um questionário especialmente preparado contendo perguntas sobre sexo, idade, escolaridade, renda, bússolas morais e atitudes em relação à criminalidade, bem como o Questionário de Valores Humanos Básicos (Schwartz, 2006) e a escala de Hipercultura (Souza, Silva, Silva, Roazzi& Carrilho, 2012). As representações sociais foram avaliadas em função de um instrumento de avaliação especialmente desenvolvido, baseado na associação de 14 palavras descritivas a cada grupo. A partir de análises estatísticas dos dados coletados, evidenciou-se que: (a) existe um perfil sociodemográfico, moral e hipercultual específico para cidadãos, policiais civis, policiais militares e criminosos, (b) o instrumento de associação de palavras mostrou-se capaz de gerar indicadores estatisticamente consistentes e capazes de avaliar as representações sociais dos grupos acerca uns dos outros, (c) cada grupo tem suas representações sociais específicas de si mesmo e de cada um dos quatro grupos, (d) parece haver uma clara relação entre as representações sociais e as diversas medidas psicossocioculturais. Esses achados apresentam implicações importantes para a compreensão da dinâmica social da Segurança Pública e suas eventuais causas, bem como para a elaboração de políticas públicas mais eficazes.
The Public Security is a complex phenomenon of great social importance involving crime and violence, policing used to control them and preventive actions. All segments of society are involved in this process and their agents could be classified in the following groups: police, criminals and other citizens. In Brazil the police are mainly subdivided on civil and military each one with specific job, and other less effective groups. The dynamics of the security system is given mainly by integration of these agents. According Moscovici (1978) people build their knowledge about the world and interact with it, through images and ideas constructed in the social practices by communication that happenseveryday, and this is the concept of Social Representation. From this premise the present study aimed to evaluate the social discourse of members of the Public Security system with each other, relating their psychological, social and cultural characteristic of each one. In this context it was build an empirical study of 120 adults in the metropolitan region of Recife being 30 citizens, 30 civil police, 30 military police and 30 convicted criminals, with the intention of to assess the social representations they have of themselves and each other, besides studying their sociodemography, moral compasses, moral values (Schwartz, 2006) and hyperculture (Souza Silva, Silva, Roazzi&Carrilho, 2012). Especially prepared questionnaireswere used to assess gender, age, education, income, moral compasses, attitudes toward crime, basic human values (Schwartz, 2006), andHyperculture (Souza , Silva, Silva, Roazzi&Carrilho, 2012). Social representations were assessed through a specially developed tool, based on the association of 14 descriptive words to each group. From the statistical analysis of the data collected, it became clear that: (a) there is a specific socio-demographic, moral and Hypercultualprofile forcitizens, civil police, military police and criminals, (b) the word association instrument was able to generate statistically consistent indicators to assess the social representations of the groups about each other, (c) each group has specific social representations of itself and of each one of the four groups, (d) there appears to be a clear relationship between social representations and the various psychosocial measures. These findings have important implications for the understanding the social dynamics of Public Security and their possible causes as well as for the development of more effective public policies.
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Huneidi, Laila. "The Values, Beliefs, and Attitudes of Elites in Jordan towards Political, Social, and Economic Development." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2017.
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This mixed-method study is focused on the values, beliefs, and attitudes of Jordanian elites towards liberalization, democratization and development. The study aims to describe elites' political culture and centers of influence, as well as Jordan's viability of achieving higher developmental levels. Survey results are presented. The study argues that the Jordanian regime remains congruent with elites' political culture and other patterns of authority within the elite strata. However, until this "cautious liberal" political culture of Jordanian elites changes, a transitional movement cannot arise that would lead Jordan towards greater liberalism, constitutionalism and development. The study concludes with implications for transitional movements in other developing countries, particularly in the Arab region.
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Fröjd, Carin. "Spänningsfält i samhällskunskapslärares värdegrundsuppdrag : En intervjustudie med samhällskunskapslärare i gymnasieskolanom deras förhållande till värdegrunden i Lgy11." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-55127.
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Carin Fröjd (2017): Tension fields in the education about values in social studies. An interview with social studies teachers in secondary schools about their relationship to the fundamental values in the Swedish curriculum Lgy11. This thesis aims to explore how teachers in social studies understand the fundamental values of the Swedish curriculum for the secondary school (Lgy 11). Although there are several previous studies of how Swedish teachers understand specific fundamental values there are few studies aimed to describe a overall understanding of the curriculums fundamental values based on the teachers perspective. The purpose of this thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part the aim is to identify the tension that can exist between different perspectives in the theoretical and practical research on education of values and sociocivic education. The thesis identifies five central fields of tension that is recurring in the research. In part two the aim is to examine how social studies teachers in secondary schools report that they interpreters and relate to the fundamental values of the Swedish public school. The fields I then use as a theoretical framework for understanding the teachers statements about their work with values. The result of the study suggests that the teachers are well based in the Swedish curriculums fundamental values but prioritise some values more than others. Witch values that are prioritised is very different between the examined schools. Since the Swedish National Agency of Education recently have been addressing that it is essential that the education for establishing values should be seen as a coherent mission and not be divided into parts or specific problem areas, I believe this work may be a relevant contribution. The result shows that some areas are more prioritised than others in the schools and some parts seem to be less prioritised. The first part provide a framework that can be a tool for understanding witch parts that is prioritised and witch are not.
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Farrow, Soyna Hester, and Donna Marie Monroe. "Social work students: The learning of professional values in a graduate program." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1843.
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Heimann, Marco. "Experimental Studies on Moral Values in Finance : Windfall Gains, Socially Responsible Investment, and Compensation Plans." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10065/document.
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Cette thèse concerne des décisions dans des situations complexes qui impliquent des valeurs économiques et moraux. Chapitre 2 introduit les décisions morales en contexte économiques en proposant les situations d’un intérêt empirique. Le sujet du chapitre 4 est de restaurer la confiance dans les fonds communs de placement. Les principaux résultats suggèrent que les effets positifs de l’approche ISR sont tributaires de la similarité des valeurs de l’investisseur individuel avec celles du fonds. Chapitre 5 dresse un portrait de l’acceptabilité sociale de la rémunération des dirigeants et celle des politiques de rémunération générales d’une entreprise. Le principal résultat indique l’existence de groupes de personnes qui sont jugent a partir de points de vue personnels sur la justice des rémunérations. Chapitre 6 introduit un jeu expérimental (le dilemme conceal-reveal) qui permet l’étude des personnes ayant le choix entre révéler et cacher des avantages qui seraient jugés comme non méritée par d’autres. Le résultat principal est que les choix ne reposent pas sur une analyse coûts-bénéfices. En conséquence, faire appel aux valeurs moraux peut être une alternative intéressante dans de telles situations. Enfin, les deux derniers chapitres (Chapitre 7 et Chapitre 8) des implications théoriques et pratiques de ces résultats empiriquesThis doctoral dissertation addresses the problem of decisions involving economic and moral values. It reviews moral decisions in the economic domain, focused on the situations of empirical interest in this dissertation (Cahpter 2). Chapter 4 asks if SRI can help to restore trust in mutual funds. Main results suggest that the positive effects of SRI techniques are highly dependent on the similarity in values between the individual investor and a given fund. Chapter 5 draws a portrait of laypersons’ acceptability of a company’s executive compensations and general remuneration policies. The main result identifies four clusters of individuals, who decide based on personal views about the justice of remunerations. Chapter 6 introduces an experimental game (the conceal-reveal dilemma) in which people have the choice between revealing and concealing benefits that others deem as undeserved. The main result is that people rely on decision strategies other than cost-benefit analysis. Consequently, appealing to peoples’ moral values is an alternative to financial incentives in situations with undeserved benefits. The last two chapters (Chapter 7 and 8) discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our empirical findings
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Enslin, Karine. "Waardes en praktykbeginsels in maatskaplike werk : 'n oorsig /." Thesis, Link to online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/386.
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Bede, Selamawit. "Exploring Social Entrepreneurship : A Case Study about Legitimacy from a Consumer Perspective." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-221607.
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This thesis is focused on the derivation of a new approach to business. Emphasis is put on organizations contributing to both economic success as well as social progress. This dual financial and social value creation is referred to as social entrepreneurship. Increased attention and inclusiveness of the concept has led to confusion regarding the means of organizations acting within the recited phenomenon. Organizations are met with skepticism and are questioned in the matters of legitimacy. Differences of opinion centralize on whether companies invest these resources because it is demanded, because it strengthens the brand or simply because it is the responsibility of the corporation. The perception of legitimacy is dependent on the support the organization receives from its different constituencies. To explore social entrepreneurship, a case study was conducted. This case study was executed through a consumer perspective, seeing as legitimacy is upheld by the perception of the organizations immediate audience. The case company used, GodEl, operates using traditional business models with the purpose of maximizing profits. However, 100% of their earned dividend is donated to various charity organizations. This study is set out with the ambition to gain an understanding of a corporation operating within social entrepreneurship. The conclusions imply that the customers of GodEl legitimize their choice through diverse legitimizing dimensions. The findings indicate that pragmatic legitimacy is a stronger legitimizing dimension than moral legitimacy. These conclusions imply that larger emphasis is given to consumer self-interest, rather than the consequences and judgment of the organizations accomplishments. The ways in which customers legitimize their choices, may also be argued as the same factors affecting GodEls legitimacy regarding their operations.
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Gusmão, Angélica Soares. "Miséria : a ascenção moral do Homo Oeconomicus." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2007. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6504.
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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:36:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2007-10-24The Homo Oeconomics society, which actions react from the market laws and the cartesian ideas, is often criticized by us. It is the society that is oriented by the spheres of legality, of morality and of all fights in favor of survival. This paper is a humanist denounce of philosophical, scientific and political aspect in favor of life. It explains how the process of fragmentation of Knowledge and scientific, legitimised by the public politics, happens in this moral society that does not favor ethics. Based on that, we defend the necessity of the resurrection of ethics, according to Spinoza, for the construction of a society made by the development of man s potential capacities that are still castrated by the sciences and governmental politics. The economic dictatorship promoted by the race to growth and development has hindered man to be in the center of these politics, propagating states of misery and social chaos.
Criticamos a sociedade do Homo Oeconomicus, cujas ações regem-se pelas leis do mercado e pelo pensamento cartesiano. É a sociedade que se orienta pelas esferas da legalidade, da moralidade e de todas as lutas em favor da sobrevivência. O trabalho é uma denúncia humanista, de cunho filosófico, científico e político, em favor da vida. Explicamos como o processo de fragmentação do conhecimento e das ciências, legitimado pelas políticas públicas, engendram-se nessa sociedade moral que não favorece a ética. Defendemos, com isso, a necessidade da ressurreição da ética, a partir de Spinoza, para a construção de uma sociedade formada pelo desenvolvimento das capacidades potenciais do homem que ainda são castradas pelas ciências e pelas políticas governamentais. A ditadura econômica promovida pela corrida ao crescimento e ao desenvolvimento tem impedido que o homem esteja no centro dessas políticas, perpetuando estados de misérias e caos social.
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Tallarita, Diane. "Does a government's regulation of morals, values, and social norms influence behavior." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1999. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1999.Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2963. Typescript. Abstract precedes thesis as preliminary leaves. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-113).
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Avratoglou, Alexandros. "Witnessing moral educators breaking (their) moral teachings, morality and self-reported crime : A study on adults in two countries, Sweden and Greece." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för kriminologi (KR), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45864.
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The present paper extends previous research in terms of integrating social learning with morality theories, under the framework of moral educators’ and their conflicting moral influences. Specifically, this study aims to investigate the impact of witnessing moral educators breaking (their) moral teachings on individual’s morality and criminal behavior using a sample of two countries, Sweden and Greece, with similar population but entirely different cultural and social characteristics. We focus on three research questions regarding the correlations and (i) the explanatory influence of witnessing this conflict on moral emotions and values by gender and country, (ii) its impact on traditional crime by gender and country and (iii) the impact that witnessing the conflict and morality mutually have on traditional crime in the two countries. Our findings emerge in three key points. First, we found that witnessing moral educators influenced both moral emotions differentially in each country and gender, but only affected Swedish males’ moral values. Secondly, our results showed that witnessing moral educators can explain a moderate to small variance of traditional crime only for males in the two countries. Lastly, we found that witnessing moral educators together with morality can explain a moderate variance of traditional crime in the two countries, while gender is highly important for both countries. Findings are discussed in relation to theory and previous research. Future research is recommended in order to expand the understanding of the cultural and social learning processes that inhibit (im)moral contexts and subsequently affect morality and offending.
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Hong, Chang-Yu. "The Tension between Technocratic and Social Values in Environmental Decision-making: An'Yang Stream Restoration in South Korea." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3784.
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This dissertation examined the extent to which interests and values of diverse stakeholders were considered through participation-oriented decision-making. It covered the An' Yang Stream restoration case in South Korea, which has been judged a successful stream management endeavor led by public-private partnership governance.
This research utilized a mixed methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods. It addressed the extent to which the collaborative and participatory decision-making processes incorporated diverse stakeholder values and visions. The relevant data on stream restoration was collected through nominal group technique (NGT), analytic hierarchy process (AHP), semi-structured interviews, observations at collaborative stakeholder meetings and workshops, and documentation review.
My research concluded that integration of all interests was not achieved. These interests might have potentially affected the extent to which stakeholders' values are incorporated or not in participation-oriented collaborative stakeholders' partnerships by utilizing interest-based facilitation techniques, such as joint-fact-finding or principled negotiation. At the same time, my findings expatiate the catalyzing roles of the public media within stream restoration decision-making governance.
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Lombard, Karin. "Revising the value shift hypothesis : South Africa's value dynamics between 1991 and 2001." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52437.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The World Values Survey has made a significant contribution to research in the field of values and value change, but a large amount of the research has been fashioned in a manner to tap values in industrialized and western states, rendering the theoretical models of explanation less than relevant for developing nations. This study aims to advance an understanding of value change within the South African context, particularly in light of the expansive political, social and economic changes to have transpired since 1990, whilst simultaneously addressing this issue of a lack of universal theory to understand value change. Primary amongst the theoretical frameworks addressing this issue of value change has been Ronald Inglehart's theory of a shift towards increased post-materialism in economically viable democratic countries. By subjecting survey data regarding value priorities from the South African rounds of the 1991, 1995 and 2001 World Values Survey to statistical analysis, the hypothesis of a similar situation in South Africa will be tested. After evaluating whether South Africa concurs with the post-materialist shift hypothesis, a unique dimension, including pre-materialist values, will be utilized in an attempt to establish whether South Africa has undergone any value change. This dimension is employed in the analysis of the 1995 and 2001 South African data, and whilst the value shift hypothesis promulgated by Inglehart appears largely unconcurred, an overall trend away from pre-materialism towards increased mixed type value priorities, with an ever so slight increase in materialists, has become evident. Although South Africa's value configuration is displaying an increasing convergence towards more moderate value orientations, most of the dynamics of change are manifesting themselves amongst and across various population sub-groups. South Africa's values are therefore undergoing relatively dramatic fluctuations, mainly reflected when the data are disaggregated for the various population sub-groups, the results indicating that longitudinal analysis along the pre-materialist/materialist continuum continues to be a more appropriate tool for tapping South Africa's underlying values. The consequences of these findings, for democratic consolidation, future political conflict, value change determinants and the appropriateness of this model for developing countries, will be assessed in detail. Consequently, by conducting these analyses, this research essay attempts to situate a global, but still largely Western theory, in a South African and developing world context. It thereby attempts to contribute towards filling a knowledge gap concerning the direction, degree and nature of the dynamics of value change.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hoewel die Wêreld Waardestudie sedert 1981 'n noemenswaardige bydrae gemaak het tot navorsing rakende waardes en waardeverandering, was dit tot dusver hoofsaaklik gefokus op waardes van geindustrialiseerde en westerse state. Dié fokus, het die studie grootliks van sy verklarende bruikbaarheid vir ontwikkelende lande ontneem. In hierdie opdrag sal daar gepoog word om die waardeveranderinge van Suid-Afrikaners, in die lig van die politieke- en ekonomiese omwentelinge sedert 1990, te beskryf. Dit sal gedoen word tesame met die aanspreek van die kwessie rondom die gebrek aan 'n universele teorie waarmee waardeverandering verklaar kan word. Ronald Inglehart se teorie, wat 'n skuif na post-materialistiese waardes in ekonomiese lewensvatbare state postuleer, was tot dusver die mees prominente teoretiese raamwerk wat waardeveranderinge beskryf het. Deur middel van die analise van die 1991, 1995 en 2001 data van die Suid-Afrikaanse rondte van die Wêreld Waardestudie, sal daar gepoog word om dié hipotese binne die plaaslike konteks te toets. Hierna sal 'n unieke dimensie, wat prematerialistiese waardes insluit, gebruik word om vas te stelof Suid-Afrikaners enige verandering in hul waarde oriëntasies ondergaan het. Hierdie dimensie is by die 1995 en 2001 studies ingesluit, en hoewel die resultate nie heeltemalooreenstem met Inglehart se hipotese nie, was daar 'n neiging weg van pre-materialisme in die rigting van meer gemenge waarde prioriteite, sowel as 'n baie klein toename in die aantal materialiste, merkbaar. Suid- Afrikaners blyk te beweeg in die rigting van meer gematigde waarde oriëntasies, en meeste van hierdie neigings manifesteer ditselfbinne en tussen die verskeie bevolkingsgroepe. Suid-Afrikaanse waardes ondergaan dus, in relatiewe terme, dramatiese veranderinge, wat veral na vore kom wanneer data vir die onderskeie bevolking sub-groepe afsonderlik geanaliseer word. Die resultate bevestig dat longitudinale analise in terme van 'n prematerialistiese/ materialistiese kontinuum steeds die beste metode is om waardeverandering binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks te meet. Die implikasies van hierdie bevindinge vir demokratiese konsolidasie, toekomstige politieke konflik, waardeveranderinge, en die toepaslikheid van die modelop ontwikkelende lande, sal in detail bespreek word. Hierdie studie poog gevolglik om 'n universele, maar hoofsaaklik steeds Westerse, teorie in 'n Suid- Afrikaanse en ontwikkelende staat perspektief te plaas. Daar word gehoop dat sodanige studie sal bydra om bestaande tekortkominge rakende die rigting, graad, en aard, van waardeveranderinge aan te spreek. The financial assistance of the National Research Foundation (NRF) towards this research is hereby acknowledged. Opinions expressed and conclusions arrived at, are those of the author and are not necessarily to be attributed to the National Research Foundation.
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Dillon, Christina Irene. "Graduate social work students' attitudes about the use of social networking sites in social work and the possible ethical implications of such use." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2012. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/694.
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The purpose of the study was to investigate graduate social work students' attitudes about the use of social media in social work and the possible ethical implications of such use. The study used an exploratory quantitative survey design with self-administered questionnaires. Data was collected from 56 graduate social work students at California State University, San Bernardino.
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Po, Sum-cho, and 布森祖. "Value education in social studies for primary schools in Hong Kong: a study of the different approaches used byteachers of social studies." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31955873.
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Leung, Lai-yung, and 梁麗容. "Value orientations in junior secondary social studies curriculum." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31961095.
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Williams, John Tyerman. "Bearers of moral and spiritual values : the social roles of clergymen and women in British society, c.1790-c.1880, as mirrored in attitudes to them as foxhunters." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.330012.
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Silva, Manuel Ângelo Moreira da. "Educação para valores na escola plural : a educação moral e religiosa." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/985.
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Mestrado em Ciências da Educação - Formação Pessoal e SocialA batalha por uma educação para todos (Unesco, 1990: Jomtien, Tailândia) está longe de já estar ganha. A sociedade multifacetada e global revelou novos problemas que questionam os sistemas educativos na sua adequação à diversidade e multiculturalidade. Numa escola para todos haverá lugar para o desenvolvimento da identidade de cada um ou o relativismo ético impedirá o pluralismo comprometido e tolerante em que cada ser humano aprende a viver em plenitude com outros diferentes? Este problema parece ser o grande desafio colocado à educação para valores na escola, a qual, nesta matéria, tem responsabilidades, a par de outras instituições da comunidade, nomeadamente as famílias e as religiões organizadas. O modelo da escola plural, comprometida e tolerante apresenta-se como aquele que possibilita uma verdadeira formação integral de todos e de cada um. Contudo, apesar do lugar reservado pela LBSE (Lei n.º 46/86, de 14 de Outubro), a área de formação pessoal e social continua a ser um problema por resolver no sistema educativo português. Por maioria de razão a Educação Moral e Religiosa (Católica ou de outras confissões) é questionada por muitos para saber se tem lugar e qual o seu papel na escola pública. Procura-se aqui analisar estes problemas no contexto português e estudar qual a contribuição da Educação Moral e Religiosa Católica nesta área estratégica da educação escolar, com particular relevância no 3º ciclo do ensino básico. ABSTRACT: The struggle for education for all (Unesco, 1990: Jomtien, Thailand) is far from being won. The multifaceted global society disclosed new problems that question the educational systems in its adequacy to diversity and multicultural literacy. In a school for all will there be space for identity development of the individual or the ethical relativity will hinder engaged and tolerant pluralism where each human being learns to live in fullness with other different ones? Thisproblem seems to be the great challenge placed to education for values in school, which, in the matter of that will not be able to reject responsibilities along with other institutions in the community as well as families and organized churches. The model of tolerant, compromised and plural school presents itself as the one that makes possible a true and complete education of everyone and of each one. However, in spite of the place reserved by (Law no. 46/86, October,14th) the area of personal and social education it continues being an unsolved problem in the Portuguese educational system. Moral and Religion Education (Catholic and other confessions) is questioned by many to know if it has space and which its role in the state school. These problems are being analysed in the Portuguese context and to study which is the contribution of Moral Catholic and Religious Education in this strategic area of the school education with particular relevance 3th cycle of the basic education.
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Lau, Yin-har, and 劉燕霞. "Values teaching in Hong Kong junior secondary mathematics." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31958734.
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Barnes, Garth. "An exploration of the way in which values and valuing processes might strengthen social learning in water stewardship practices in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012940.
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This qualitative study, focussing on the way in which values and valuing processes might strengthen social learning in water stewardship practices in South Africa, is located within the broader global narrative that describes the scale of human impact on our Earth systems and that is setting humanity on a trajectory that threatens to place us beyond the safe operating spaces called planetary boundaries. For humanity to live within planetary boundaries – one of which is global freshwater use –will take a new way of relating to the environment called Earth stewardship, which calls for a new ethic of responsibility towards Earth systems. It is at the local level of stewardship within a global approach to water resources management called integrated water resources management that this qualitative study is contextually bound. Two case studies, located in the catchment management forums (CMFs) of the Upper Vaal catchment of Gauteng, South Africa, are used in an exploration of the way in which values and valuing processes might strengthen social learning in water stewardship practices in South Africa. The meta-theory of critical realism is used to help explore this relationship between values, practice and social learning. The study uses document analysis, interviews and observation of selected water stewardship practices to identify held and assigned values, and valuing processes and their influence on social learning, and the framing and de-framing processes that occur in social learning oriented towards water stewardship practices. The study differentiates between held and assigned values and identifies a strong altruistic-held values tendency that characterises forum participants who practice water stewardship in the two case study sites. Most water stewardship practice, identified in the case study sites, manifests as compliance activities in the public – or forum – space, while private-sphere environmentalism is mostly left to the confines of the individual’s private household. Lastly, the CMFs seem to have the potential to provide a space for social learning that is not yet maximised. Drawing from these key findings, the study’s major recommendation is that forums that facilitate learning, either using the current CMF structure or creating new opportunities, need to be provided as a conduit for social learning and reflexivity to make the existing boundaries between private and public forms of water stewardship more porous. This social learning may expand social practice and thus strengthen social change processes that expand water stewardship practices.
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Caussé, Nadège. "La valeur juridique des chartes d'entreprise au regard du droit du travail français : contribution à l'étude de l'aspect social et éthique de l'activité des entreprises." Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX32047.
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La charte d'entreprise elaboree a l'initiative de la direction de l'entreprise affirme des principes d'action voire des obligations de comportement qui interessent son organisation interne et son action externe son objet consiste surtout a promouvoir la reputation de l'entreprise et son image ethique. C'est dire qu'elle ne constitue pas a priori un instrument juridique, qu'elle se place meme hors du droit car elle semble entretenir avec ce dernier des rapports d'ignorance reciproque. Mais en realite, elle interfere avec le droit en le contrariant ou en le copiant ce n'est pas pour autant qu'elle constitue une source autonome du droit du travail ni qu'elle est susceptible de relever de la theorie des sources du droit a peine peut-on y voir une source du droit dans certaines autres branches du droit ou encore lorsqu'elle s'identifie a un engagement moral ou a un fait juridique les entreprises francaises ne cherchent d'ailleurs pas a juridiciser la charte ni a lui conferer de valeur juridique obligatoire pourtant existent divers moyens de reception des chartes par le droit qui pourraient avoir pour effet de leur conferer une certaine force obligatoire ou tout au moins de leur faire produire des effets juridiques. Premier moyen direct de reception, la charte peut etre incorporee dans un support juridique d'emprunt ou elle peut egalement contenir en elle-meme les moyens de sa juridicite. Second mode moins direct de reception des chartes par le systeme juridique, la charte pourrait faire l'objet d'une reconnaissance explicite et specifique par le legislateur et/ou par le juge et devenir a cet egard source de droits pour le salarie et d'obligations pour l'employeur
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Carnevalli, Henrique Abarca Schelini. "Desenvolvimento moral e social de adolescentes em conflito com a lei e a contribuição das medidas socioeducativas /." Marília, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153047.
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Orientador: Adrián Oscar Dongo-MontoyaBanca: Patrícia Unger Raphael Bataglia
Banca: Carmem Maria Craidy
Resumo: Os objetivos desta pesquisa se concentraram em caracterizar a moralidade e a consciência social dos adolescentes em conflito com a lei através das Medidas Socioeducativas (MSE) em meio aberto de Prestação de Serviços à Comunidade (PSC) e de Liberdade Assistida (LA) e em analisar de que forma, sob o ponto de vista deles, elas contribuíram para o seu desenvolvimento moral e social. Por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada averiguou-se de que modo eles apreciaram a medida socioeducativa, os serviços e as atividades realizadas, as regras da entidade, a entidade, a relação com os educadores e qual era a compreensão que tinham de si mesmo, do outro e da realidade a sua volta. Viu-se, ainda, de que forma eram estabelecidas as relações de diálogo, de interação social, de respeito, de solidariedade, e a importância que davam a elas e quais eram os seus projetos de vida. Por meio da aplicação de um questionário contendo 16 testes-histórias, baseado na teoria de Lawrence Kohlberg (1927-1987) sobre o desenvolvimento moral, diagnosticou-se também de que forma os adolescentes que cumprem estas duas medidas aderiram aos valores de justiça, respeito, solidariedade e convivência democrática, evidenciando em qual nível de tomada de perspectiva se dava tal adesão: em um nível egocêntrico, sociocêntrico ou verdadeiramente moral. Para um melhor diagnóstico também foram entrevistados os educadores que acompanham e organizam as atividades socioeducativas com os adolescentes. Baseando-se nas conce... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The objectives of this research were to characterize the morality and the social conscience of adolescents in conflict with the law through the Socio-educational Measures (Medidas Socioeducativas - MSE) in the open community Service Delivery (Prestação de Serviços à Comunidade - PSC) and Assisted-Liberty (Liberdade Assistida - LA) and analyze which, from their point of view, contributed to their moral and social development. Through a semi-structured interview, they examined how they appreciated the socio-educational measure, the services and activities carried out, the rules of the entity, the entity, the relationship with the educators and what their understanding of themselves was, the and the reality around you. It was also seen how the relations of dialogue, of social interaction, of respect, of solidarity, and the importance they gave to them and their life projects were established. Through the application of a questionnaire containing 16 test-histories, based on Lawrence Kohlberg's theory (1927-1987) on moral development, it was also diagnosed how adolescents who comply with these two measures adhered to the values of justice, respect, solidarity and democratic coexistence, showing at what level of perspective adhesion: on an egocentric, sociocentric or genuinely moral level. For a better diagnosis were also interviewed educators, who accompany and organize socio-educational activities with adolescents. Based on the theoretical conceptions of Jean Piaget (1896-1980) o... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Mangiarotti, Marco. "Responsabilité, fortune morale et causalité physique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040046.
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Ma thèse développe le problème de la compatibilité de responsabilité morale et des thèses causales (déterminisme et indéterminisme.) Ce problème est traité en analysant l’importance supposée de deux conditions de la responsabilité: le pouvoir d’agir autrement et le contrôle sur les sources causales du comportement. La condition de possibilités alternatives est envisagée en faisant référence aux exemples à la Frankfurt, tandis que la condition de la source est supportée par les exemples de manipulation. Mon analyse refuse ces deux conditions. L’examen des œuvres de P.F. Strawson et de J. Feinberg montre, à mon avis, qu’il est impossible de définir les conditions de la responsabilité sans prendre position dans le champ de l’éthique normative. Ainsi, j’en viens à analyser la notion d’obligation morale, et je propose finalement un approche contractualiste, basé sur la théorie de T.M. ScanlonMy thesis develops the problem of the compatibility between moral responsibility and the physical causation of human decisions. This problem is dealt with the supposed relevance of two different conditions of responsibility: the power to choose otherwise and the control over the source of behaviour. The alternative-possibilities condition is examined by reference to the Frankfurt-type examples, while the source-condition is supported by the manipulation examples. My analysis rejects both of those argumentations. The examination of P.F. Strawson’s and J. Feinberg’s works show, in my opinion, that it is impossible to define the conditions of responsibility without embracing some sort of normative ethical theory. So I came to analyse the notion of moral obligation and finally I propose a contractualist approach, based on the works by T.M. Scanlon
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Viana, Gustavo Gomes Manhães. "Os valores que norteiam a gestão organizacional de micro e pequenas empresas (MPE) de cunho familiar no Grande Rio." Niterói, 2016. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/2029.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O objetivo central desta pesquisa foi o de identificar e analisar as relações entre os valores pessoais de donos de MPE’s de cunho familiar no Grande Rio e os valores organizacionais predominantemente percebidos por seus funcionários. A metodologia aplicada foi o SVS (Schwartz Values Survey) – Inventário de Valores de Schwartz, que no Brasil foi introduzido, testado e validado por Álvaro Tamayo. Os resultados de campo mostraram oposições entre os valores pessoais disseminados pelos donos e os efetivamente percebidos pelos empregados, para determinados indicadores considerados como relevantes para o autor.
The main objective of this research was identify and analyse the relations between personal values of the owners of Small and Micro familiary companies in Rio de Janeiro, the predominant organizational values perceived by their employees and the metodology applied was the SVS (Schwartz Values Survey), which in Brazil was intruducted, tested and guaranteed by Álvaro Tamayo. The results showed differents perceptions between the owner personal values and the ones effectively perceived by the employees in the author point of view for some relevant indicators.
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Caizergues, Quentin. "The Happy Prince : A Paradoxical Aesthetic Tale and a Dual Critique of Victorian Times." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för lärarutbildning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-20750.
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This essay highlights The Happy Prince’s advantageous use of conventions of the fairy tale genre to stress critical issues of the Victorian period: the challenge of the established Christian socio-moral order, the rising of the bourgeois industrial society, and the advent of aestheticism as a response. Using the close reading technique supported by the Victorian socio-historical background, the analysis establishes that the criticism proceeds by double associations. Firstly, the clear structure of the tale, enriched by a plethora of aesthetical features and suitable narrative processes, is propitious for children’s access to a message calling for more human generosity. Meanwhile, subtle analogies to the Christian imagery appear blurred by paradoxical elements. This prevents a definite religious interpretation from adults to which those messages are intended. Secondly, in connection with aestheticism, a social and moral criticism takes the form of a satire of the utilitarian vision of the bourgeoisie and a questioning of the common Victorian beliefs: the link between beauty and moral integrity, as well as the moral code of femininity. Finally, the utilitarian discourse and the disapproval of the research for pleasure from beauty merging with a hedonist vision, advocate an “art for art’s sake” free of these respective considerations.
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Wirén, Sacharias. "The Army of God : An examination of religiously motivated violence from a psychology of religion perspective." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Religionspsykologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-309630.
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The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine psychological processes that can contribute to religiously motivated violence from a psychology of religion perspective in relation to the collective meaning-system of the Christian militant anti-abortion movement the Army of God. The study applied a single-case design and the data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 3 prominent figures within Army of God, as well as through 43 qualitative documents and 4 autobiographical books. The collected data was analyzed through a deductive approach, implementing the concept of sanctification, social identity theory, selective moral disengagement, and the Staircase to Terrorism model. The results show that the collective meaning-system of the Army of God can be understood as a form of religious fundamentalism that acts as a frame that binds the members together, and from which social categorization and group identification can induce acts of violence. The results also demonstrate that abortion is perceived as a grave injustice and destruction of something sacred, and how it leads to a moral outrage and aggression by constituting a threat towards one’s social identity. This threat moves the individuals towards a ‘black-and-white’ and ‘the ends justify the means’ mentality. The act of violence is further prompted by a perceived duty from God and facilitated by a dehumanization of the perceived enemy. The findings of the study address the need of primary empirical data in the psychological research of violent extremism. Furthermore, it brings further knowledge regarding religiously motivated violence and leaderless resistance by taking into account the search for significance and sacred values. In contrast to previous research the current study also demonstrates that a leader or a well-structured group is not necessarily a key factor when explaining religiously motivated violence from a social psychological perspective. This can contribute to the theoretical understanding regarding social identity and a collective meaning-making in relation to violent extremism and lone-wolf terrorism.
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Mazzega, Matthieu. "Se disputer le "vrai" racisme : qualifications ordinaires, enjeux moraux et frontières symboliques : une étude d'un corpus de commentaires d'internautes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAH010/document.
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Cette thèse interroge les cadres moraux et symboliques par lesquels les individus se saisissent et se disputent la question du racisme en France. La problématique générale porte ainsi sur les modalités de qualification du racisme d’une part et sur les enjeux de cette qualification de l’autre. Pour répondre à cela, cette recherche s’appuie sur un large corpus de commentaires d’internautes extraits des sites de Libération et du Figaro dans le cadre de dix affaires faisant intervenir, dans des proportions diverses, la question du racisme. L’analyse se présente ainsi en trois temps. En premier lieu, la thèse reprend les principales analyses sociologiques du racisme en France. En pointant la dynamique de celles-ci et en posant certaines hypothèses quant au formes contemporaines du racisme, cette première partie démontre la nécessité à une approche « par le bas » du racisme et ce par l’idée de la « question du racisme » en France. En un second temps, l’analyse empirique se focalise alors sur les supports et enjeux de la qualification du racisme. Inspirés par la sociologie pragmatique et l’approche phénoménologique, nous nous attachons alors à identifier comment les participants construisent, justifient ou réfutent une relation entre un évènement particulier et la question du racisme. L’identification des connaissances ordinaires et des objets particuliers supportant cette relation permet alors de discuter comment les individus qualifient le racisme « en situation ». En parallèle, l’analyse porte également sur les conflits qui naissent entre les individus vis-à-vis de ces même processus de qualification. En effet, loin d’être consensuel, le travail de qualification du racisme est marqué par une très grande diversité de formes et de contenus. De là, en suivant les cadres et enjeux de ces controverses, cette thèse s’intéresse à « ce que veut dire » le racisme dans les discussions ordinaires. Enfin, dans un troisième temps, l’analyse porte sur les manières dont les participants relient responsabilité du racisme et appartenance. Que ce soit par l’intermédiaire de la « classe » ou de la « race », au sein des discours étudiés, l’origine et la responsabilité du racisme sont régulièrement attachées à des positions sociales particulières. L’exploration de ces liens et des frontières symboliques qui s’en dégagent démontre que ce sont là encore certains cadres moraux et symboliques particuliers qui balisent ces rapprochements. La thèse montre que la question du racisme lorsqu’elle intervient dans des discussions ordinaires renvoie à un univers moral particulier. Loin de discuter uniquement la présence et/ou la définition du phénomène du racisme, les individus s’appuient sur cette question pour discuter des valeurs morales légitimes ou non et plus loin pour les distribuer entre les groupes, définis socialement ou racialement. En retour, nos conclusions mettent alors en lumière une disjonction importante entre phénomène du racisme et question du racisme au niveau ordinaire et discutent alors les conséquences de cet écart sur la dynamique et la visibilité du véritable racismeThis dissertation explores the moral and symbolic frames used by individuals to define and dispute the issue of racism in France. The general problematic consists in addressing the ways the racism is qualified by individuals on the one hand and on the ordi-nary challenges of this qualification on the other. To answer this, the analysis is based on a large corpus of online posts from two French newspapers’ websites, Liberation and Le Figaro, within ten cases involving the issue of racism.At the first stage, we discuss the main sociological approaches of racism in France. By pointing their dynamics while addressing certain assumptions about the contemporary forms of racism, this first section is insisting on the need for a “bottom-up” approach of racism through the idea of the "issue of racism”" in France. Afterwards, the empirical analysis then focuses specifically on the processes of qualification of racism. We strive then to identify how participants construct, justify or refute a relationship between a particular event and the issue of racism. The identification of ordinary knowledge and specific objects supporting this relation-ship lead to a discussion about how individuals qualify racism "in situ". In parallel, the analysis also addresses inter-individual conflicts that arise concerning these same qualification processes. Indeed, far from being consensual, the work of qualification is defined by a great diversity of forms and contents. From there, focusing on the development and issues raised by these contro-versies, the analysis consists in understanding what racism means in ordinary discussions. Finally, in a last stage, the analysis concentrates on the ways in which participants connect responsibility of racism and specific membership. Whether through refer-ences to "class" or "race", within the corpus, the origin and the responsibility of racism are regularly attached to particular social positions. The exploration of those relationships and symbolic boundaries that emerge enlightens the importance of the moral and symbolic frameworks used by individuals to talk the racism.In general, this research shows that the issue of racism when it occurs in ordinary discussions refers to a particular moral realm. Far from discussing only the actual presence and / or definition of the phenomenon of racism, people rely on this to discuss the legitimate moral values or not and further to distribute morality between groups defined socially or racially. In return, our conclu-sions then highlight a significant disjunction between the phenomenon of racism and the issue of racism at the ordinary level and discuss the consequences of this regarding the dynamics and the visibility of real racism
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Moscaritolo, Alice. "Apprentissage des valeurs et changement social dans des établissements préscolaires privés en Turquie." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20057.
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Dans un contexte de changement sociétal accéléré comme celui que connaît la Turquie contemporaine, nous avons interrogé la place de l'enseignement des valeurs au préscolaire dans le processus de construction de soi du parent, la parentalité étant appréhendée comme un stade du développement global de l'adulte. Nous avons ainsi analysé la mise en œuvre au sein d'un groupe d'établissements préscolaires d'Ankara d'une méthode axée sur les acquis comportementaux visant la formation du caractère des jeunes enfants, par l'examen de sa traduction via le curriculum formel, réalisé et caché. L'espace ouvert à la coopération école-famille a été sondé par les divers canaux de communication en direction des parents. La forme donnée à l'accompagnement des parents s'est douée d'une pédagogie basée sur l'exemplarité et sur la proximité affective. Par une enquête adressée aux parents de cinq établissements sur divers domaines d'auto-efficacité en relation avec l'engagement parental dans la vie scolaire (ce dernier décliné en actions, souhaits et satisfaction), nous avons saisi la contribution de l'efficacité perçue à transmettre ses valeurs à ses enfants à l'auto-efficacité parentale et synoptique, ainsi que les imbrications de l'auto-efficacité parentale avec les autres domaines d'auto-efficacité considérés. Nous suggérons d'utiliser ces instruments d'analyse pour étayer des pratiques ciblées de soutien aux parents qui s'adressent aux dimensions multiples de l'êtreIn the context of accelerated social change in contemporary Turkey, we have enquired the role of values education in preschool in the process of parents' self-construction, parentality being understood as a stage in global adult development. We have thus analyzed the implementation in a group of schools in Ankara of a method based on behavioural assets aiming at character-building in young children, by the examination of its translation through the formal, actual and hidden curriculum. The space opened up to school-family cooperation has been investigated through the diverse channels of communication used to connect with the families. The form given to parental support has been acknowledged as based upon a pedagogy of exemplarity and emotional proximity. By means of a survey addressed to the parents of five schools on different domains of self-efficacy related to parental engagement in school life (the latter articulated in actions, desires and satisfaction), we have apprehended the contribution of the perceived efficacy in transmitting one's values to one's children to parental and synoptic self-efficacy, as well as the interconnection of parental self-efficacy with the other domains of self-efficacy taken into consideration. We suggest to employ these analytical tools to back up targeted parental support practices aiming at the multiple dimensions of the self
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Farhangpour, Parvaneh Nikkhesal. "Transformative learning through a youth enrichment programme in search of talisman /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2002. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08182003-094840/.
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Vásquez, Mendoza José Smith. "El encierro como espacio social civilizatorio: el caso del Colegio Militar Leoncio Prado (1944 – 2014)." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/9170.
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El encierro ha sido utilizado —a lo largo de historia de la humanidad— como un espacio para controlar, castigar, vigilar, educar, entre otras funciones, con el objetivo de civilizar a los miembros de una sociedad. Por tal razón, es importante investigar a las diversas instituciones creadas bajo ese criterio, para comprender qué tipo de ciudadanos están creando los estados. Se analiza el encierro a través del tradicional Colegio Militar Leoncio Prado, institución que a lo largo de más de setenta años ha formado a miles de jóvenes bajo un sistema de internado y férrea disciplina castrense. De esta manera se puede comprender cómo se logra el autocontrol y normalización de sus estudiantes. Además, se explica la dinámica existente en un sistema de internado, relacionándolo a su vez con las familias, sus hijos y las autoridades que, en su conjunto, contribuyen a la permanencia histórica de establecimientos de disciplina y control en las sociedades.Tesis
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Melo, Guilherme Aparecido Bassi de. "Configuração do dano à moral difusa a partir da delimitação jurídica do patrimônio imaterial coletivo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6111.
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Previous issue date: 2013-05-07This dissertation aims to analyze the possibility of recognition of an intangible collective heritage, based on objective order of values, whose foundation is paramount to article 1º of the Brazilian Constitution. After demonstrating that the constitutional article refered above provides the necessary support for conceiving a collective consciousness grounded in dignity conceived in its community dimension, we look foward to establish the effectiveness of supervision exercised by the instruments made available by the brazilian system of law at the moment of the protection of the legal immaterial goods, especially intangible heritage collective. Thus, outlined the parameters of material and protection configuration, procedural and extra-procedural, we consider the nature of the indemnification established as a direct result of the verification of the lesion to the collective moral, synonymous of intangible collective heritage. To achieve this latter goal, the allocation of indemnities was investigated, always confronting the general purposes of the Public Civil Action law and specific function of article 13. For last, two special features were detailed and properly correlated to the assumptions set out at the beginning of the dissertation, in order to conclude on the trend of the Superior Court of Justice with regard to the effectiveness of safeguarding the legal interests of immaterial character.
A presente dissertação tem por objetivo analisar a possibilidade de reconhecimento de um patrimônio imaterial coletivo, calcado numa ordem objetiva de valores, cujo fundamento primordial é o artigo 1º da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil. Após a constatação de o referido dispositivo constitucional fornece os subsídios necessários para a formatação de uma consciência coletiva calcada numa dignidade concebida em sua dimensão comunitária, procura-se estabelecer a efetividade exercida pelos instrumentos de tutela colocados à disposição pelo ordenamento quando da proteção aos bens jurídicos imateriais, mormento o patrimônio imaterial coletivo. Assim, traçados os parâmetros de configuração material e de tutela, processual e extraprocessual, parte para a consideração da natureza da indenização fixada como decorrência direta da verificação de lesão à moral difusa, correlata semântica do patrimônio imaterial coletivo. Para a consecução desse último objetivo, também a destinação das parcelas pecuniárias arrecada foi perscruta, sempre confronto as finalidades gerais da Lei da Ação Civil Pública e a disposição expressa e específica de seu artigo 13. Por derradeiro, dois recursos especiais foram detalhas e devidamente correlacionados às premissas fixadas no início da dissertação, a fim de concluir sobre a tendência do Superior Tribunal de Justiça no que à efetividade de tutela dos bens jurídicos de caráter imaterial
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McLennan, Amy Kathleen. "An ethnographic investigation of lifestyle change, living for the moment, and obesity emergence in Nauru." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bd001d98-7648-4d2b-9d92-8130f022b34b.
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The Republic of Nauru, a small Pacific island nation, has one of the highest obesity rates in the world. Obesity emerged rapidly in Nauru during the 1970s, a period characterised by political independence and unprecedented economic growth resulting from lucrative phosphate mining. In the mid-1970s, the Nauruan population was one of the first in the world in which obesity, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease – co-morbidities associated with obesity – were identified as significant public health concerns. Such ‘lifestyle diseases’ continue to have debilitating effects on the Nauruan community. Obesity is generally understood to result from an energy imbalance; that is, people eat and drink more calories over time than they expend. This biomedical paradigm is implicit in the majority of research relating to obesity, such that the lifestyle to which obesity is attributed is limited to diet and activity. Yet in practice, lifestyle is much more than this. The lifestyle of a particular group is related to political, legal, religious, economic and value systems, modes of education, communication, transport and healthcare, and styles of art, music and entertainment. In this thesis I draw on ethnographic participant observation carried out in the Republic of Nauru during 2010-11, life history interviews, and diverse historical materials to answer three questions. First, what characterises the Nauruan lifestyle? Second, in what ways did the Nauruan lifestyle change over the second half of the twentieth century, the time period during which obesity and diabetes rapidly escalated? Finally, how might these changes be linked to the emergence and persistence of ‘lifestyle diseases’ in Nauru? I focus on one characteristic that stood out prominently in many different aspects of Nauruan life: ‘island time’, or the suggestion that there is ‘No Action Unless Really Urgent’. In theorisation of obesity, such living for the moment has been interpreted as laziness, pleasure-seeking or lack of self-control. However, a deeper analysis reveals that island time emerged gradually in the latter half of the twentieth century as Nauruans incorporated market-derived moral values into their everyday lives. This has led to profound changes in the way people feel when engaged in social exchanges, and is linked to temporally-shorter and more spatially dispersed social networks. I thus recast living for the moment as representative of a social trend rather than individual self-interest, and obesity as a phenomenon associated with the space between bodies rather than within each one. This leads me to consider more closely the links between social relationships and health. In Nauru, as in many societies, it is difficult to disentangle the biological and the social; the same feeling of unhealthiness, for example, is associated with being clinically ill and having a fight with a loved one. Yet many activities that are associated with tightening social networks, and which are prominent in the lifestyle characterised by island time – eating, drinking, or sitting and gossiping, for example – are also associated with obesity emergence. As a result, being biomedically healthy and feeling healthy are now somewhat incompatible in Nauru. In concluding, I argue that the adoption of economic rhetoric into everyday life has re-shaped moral values, everyday social relationships, and the demographic health profile on Nauru.
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Leonardo, Gabriel. "Politics and tax morale. the role of trust, values, and beliefs, in shaping individual attitudes towards tax compliance." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43733.
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Traditional models of tax evasion cannot explain why most people comply with their taxes. It has been proposed that taxpayers may have an intrinsic motivation (or willingness) to comply with taxes - Tax Morale. Empirical studies found that trusting government, upholding religious beliefs, and supporting democratic regimes, increase individual Tax Morale. Based on those results and drawing from related literature in Political Science, this study tests the role of trusting government institutions delivering public goods to taxpayers, ideological beliefs, individual support for political regimes, and upholding post-materialist values, on Tax Morale. Results for individuals living in democratic countries show a positive relationship between trust in government institutions and upholding democratic values on Tax Morale; a negative relationship between upholding ideological (conservative) beliefs and Tax Morale, and no relationship between upholding post-materialist values and Tax Morale. Results for individuals living under non-democratic regimes differ in some respects; whereas support for democracy is related with higher Tax Morale, other results - trust in government and ideological beliefs - differ from theoretical expectations. Overall, higher trust in government increases willingness to comply with taxes, and support for democracy elicits higher Tax Morale.
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Maharajh, Rajinder Jain. "Values and concerns in decision-making about a waste-reduction incinerator at Stormsriver, Tsitsikamma : a case study in applied ethics." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49805.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.Full text to be digitised and attached to bibliographic record.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Tsitsikamma Forest, in the most southern part of the Eastern Cape, is part of the Cape Floral Kingdom, one of six such Kingdoms in the world. It has the richest area of plant bio-diversity and fauna in the world which are rare and endemic to the area. The deep gorges, temperate forests, un spoilt oceans and various other features such as the famous Bloukrantz River Bridge, where the world's highest bungi jumps take place are factors that have become the main source of job-creation and income for tourism and its inter-related activities. However, this ecosystem is also home to about 480 families who live in low-income housing at Stormsriver. This settlement which was relocated from the shack area of Coesa, nearby, has an unemployment index of 67% and a similar poverty index. In addition, the Stormsriver Village nearby has a population of about 300 families, mainly older retired white folks. The area is administered by the Koukamma Municipality which is an amalgam of several smaller municipalities viz., Clarkeson, Kareedouw, Stormsriver, Woodlands, Eerste River, ]oubertina and Bloukrantz. Waste reduction and the disposal thereof has always been a major concern to local authorities and the Koukamma Municipality is obviously faced with the same challenge. The authorities have resorted to the concept of landfill sites, which has proven to be the cheapest solution to date. But, with this option comes the problems of health risks to the poorer people who converge on the dump sites in search of food, the harm to children searching through rubbish heaps and the various legal repercussions emanating out of this practice. The option of open-burning and its related effects on human life and forest fires rules it out as an option. Transporting waste out of the area is also very costly. It was then resolved by the Koukamma Municipalities that the possibility of installing an incinerator at Stormsriver would be an option to be investigated. The reasoning behind the selection of this site was the concern of high unemployment in the Stormsriver area and extreme poverty and this venture would in some small measure create jobs, put food on the table and break the poverty cycle. The process of incineration gives rise to emissions such as dioxins and furans which is known to cause cancer, asthma and tuberculosis, if subjected in high doses over a long period of time. It is also regulated by the Atmospheric Pollution Act 45 of 1965. The important moral debate at the core of this problem is the whole question of humans rights and should these be violated solely because the subjects do not belong to an affluent class and should be shown less respect and have their health jeopardised by the toxic air from incineration. Or, should the people's poverty index rise further due to lack of employment. The question that also begs here is whether the well-being of the entire ecosystem, especially the rare and endangered plants and animals take preference over the well-being of the people of Stormsriver, given that the emissions from the incinerator will impact on the animal, bird and plant life, including that of water, soil and air. This would also put into jeopardy the income generated by Tourism and the jobs inherent in it for the locals and would threaten the area's sustainability. The various moral views of philosophers have been canvassed in order to come to a holistic understanding. I have in this vein looked at the views of ethicists such as Tibor Machan, who believes that animals and other organisms do not have any rights and are there purely for human consumption. Then the views of Peter Singer and Tom Regan have also been included, in which consideration is shown to animals. Others such as AIda Leopold, J. Baird Callicott and Paul Taylor whose thinking extends to that of not just showing respect for a single entity but allows for equal respect for all members of the biotic community, have also been. considered. Various solutions have thereafter been considered and amongst those are the relocation of the incinerator out of the Stormsriver, moving the plant to the industrial zone at Kareedouw, transporting the waste out to Port Elizabeth, dumping and finally the 'Do Nothing' option. Using Paul Taylor's "respect for nature" ethics as a guide, I have come to the conclusion that the installation of a waste-reduction incinerator at Stormsriver, Tsitsikamma, may be supported subject to a set of serious riders and conditions in that firstly, the health of the immediate and surrounding inhabitants should not be affected in any way whatsoever. Secondly, the well-being of the non-human environment which must include air, soil, water and plant life, including the animal and bird life must not be harmed in any way. In this way all members of the biotic community will be shown equal respect, thus creating a viable and sustainable community
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Tsitsikamma Woude, in die mees suidelike deel van the Oos-Kaap, is deel van die "Cape Floral Kingdom", een van ses sulke woudgebiede in die wêreld. Dit beskerm die rykste area van plant bio-verskeidenheid asook fauna wat skaars is in die wêreld en slegs daar gevind word. Die diep bergpasse. gemagtigde woude en ongerepte oseaan, tesame met die beroemde Bloukransrivier brug waar die wêreld se hoogste bungi spronge plaasvind is faktore wat bygedra het dat werkskepping en inkomste hoofsaaklik uit toerisme en verwante bedrywe afkomstig is. Hierdie eko-sisteem is ook die tuiste vir ongeveer 480 gesinne wat in sub-ekonomiese huise in Stormsrivier woon. Hierdie gemeenskappie wat vanaf die naby geleë Coesa hervesig is, het 'n werkloosheid sowel as armoede syfer van 67%. Bykomend is daar die Stormsriver nedersetting daar naby met 'n bevolking van 300 families, hoofsaaklik ouer, afgetrede blankes. Die gebied word bestuur deur die Koukamma Munisipaliteit wat in 'n samesmelting van 'n hele paar kleiner munisipaliteite is o.a Clarkson, Kareedouw, Stormsrivier, Woodlands, Eerste Rivier, ]oubertina en Bloukrans. Die vermindering van afvalstowwe asook die verwydering daarvan was maar altyd 'n groet kopseer vir die plaaslike owerhede en dit geld nou ook vir die Koukamma Munisipaliteit. Die owerhede het besluit op die konsep van afvalstortings areas omdat dit die goedkoopste oplossing tot nou toe is. Met hierdie opsie kom egter die probleem van gesondheids risiko's vir die armer gemeenskappe (mense) wat op hierdie stortings terreine toesak op soek na kos, die beserings wat kinders opdoen wat die gemors deursoek asook die wettige terugslag wat hierdie praktyk totgevolg het. Die gevaar van oop vure en die effek wat dit sou hê op mense en die woud self maak dat hierdie opsie nie oorweeg word nie. Ook is dit te duur om afvalstowwe uit die gebied uit te vervoer. Die Koukamma Munisipaliteit het toe besluit om die instállering van 'n verbrandingsoond by Stormsrivier te ondersoek. Die rede om hierdie gebied te kies was die hoë werkloosheid syfer en armoede in Stormsrivier. Hierdie besluit sou werkskepping, kos op die tafel en die verbreking van die armoede-siklus tot gevolg hê. Die proses van verbranding het aanleiding gegee tot die nuwe gevare van skadelike afval produkte van dioksiede en furane wat kanker, asma en tuberkulose tot gevolg het as mense vir lang periodes aan hoë dosisse blootgestel word. Hierdie uitstraling word ook deur die "Atmosferiese Besoedelingswet 45 van 1965" gereguleer. Die belangrike morele debat wat die kern van hierdie probleem vorm is die vraag na menseregte en of die menseregte geskend kan word bloot omdat die mense in die gebied nie aan 'n gegoede klas behoort nie moet daar minder respek aan hulle getoon word en moet hul gesondheid in die weeg skaal geplaas word deur die giftige lug as gevolg van die verbrandering van afvalstowwe, of moet werkloosheid verder styg as gevolg van die gebrek aan werk? Die ander vraag wat gevra moet word is of die welvaart van die hele ekosisteem, veral die van skaars en bedreigde plante en diere voorkeur moet geniet bo die welvaart van die mense van Stormsrivier gegee die feit dat die uitstraling van die verbrandingsoond ook 'n inpak gaan hê op die diere, voëls en plant lewe inkluisend op water, grond en lug. Dit sal ook die inkomste wat uit Toerisme voort gebring word, en die werksgeleenthede vir die plaaslike mense wat daarmee gepaard gaan, in die weegskaal plaas asook die gebied se standhoudendheid bedreig. Die verskeie standpunte van filosowe is na gekyk ten einde tot 'n holistiese verstaan van die situasie te kom. Langs hierdie weg het ek dan na die etiese standpunt van Tibor Machan gekyk. Tibor Machan glo dat diere en ander organismes geen regte het nie en dat hulle daar is vir die uitsluitlike gebruik deur mense. Die standpunte van Peter Singer en Tom Regan, wat 'n mate van sorgsaamheid teenoor diere toon, is ook in ag geneem. Andere wie se standpunte in ag geneem is, is Aldo Leipold,J. Baird Callicot and Paul Taylor. Hulle denkrigting maak voorsiening daarvoor dat respek nie net aan 'n enkele entiteit getoon moet word nie, maar aan almal wat in 'n biotiese gemeenskap saamwoon. Verskeie oplossings is hierna oorweeg onder andere die verskuiwing van die verbrandingsoond buite Stormsrivier na die industriële gebied in Kareedouw, die vervoer van die afval na Port Elizabeth, storting asook die "Doen Niks" opsie. Ek het as etiese riglyn Paul Tayor se "respekteer vir natuur" gebruik en het tot die slotsoom gekom dat die iristallering van 'n afval verminderings verbrandingsoond te Stormsrivier ondersteun kan word met ernstige voorbehoude en voorwaardes deurdat, eerstens, die gesondheid van die onmiddelike en omliggende inwoners op geen manier hoegenaamd aangetas moet word nie. Tweedens, die welvaart van die nie-lewende omgewing met inagneming van lug, grond, water en plantlewe, insluitende die diere en voëls moet op geen manier geskaad word nie. Op hieride maruer sal almal wat deel uitmaak van die biotiese gemeenskap gelyke respek betoon word wat die daarstelling van 'n lewensvatbare en standhoudende gemeenskap tot gevolg sal hê.
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Allard, Aurelien. "Le mérite : signification, possibilité et valeur." Thesis, Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080012.
Full textAbstract:
L'idée de mérite possède un statut à part dans les sociétés contemporaines. Comme l’égalité ou la liberté, le mérite est plébiscité au sein des populations de divers pays occidentaux. Cependant, à l’inverse d’un certain nombre d’autres principes moraux, il existe un très fort scepticisme vis-à-vis de cette idée au sein de la littérature philosophique. Nous défendons ici que ce scepticisme est injustifié, et que la popularité du mérite correspond au fait qu'il s'agit bien d'un principe moral incontournable. La spécificité de cette thèse repose en partie sur l'usage d'expériences psychologiques visant à étudier la perception populaire de problèmes philosophiques fondamentaux. Ce recours à des méthodes empiriques est justifié par l'idée que toute théorie morale doit être une mise en cohérence des intuitions populaires. Cet ancrage profond du mérite dans la moralité ordinaire constitue selon nous une justification majeure de la valeur du mérite. De surcroît, nous mettons en avant trois autres justifications. Le mérite joue aussi un rôle instrumental pour la promotion du bien-être collectif, assure une concordance entre l'intérêt public et l'intérêt privé, et sert à constituer une communauté de valeurs. Cette quadruple justification nous permet de mettre en avant la nécessité d’inscrire le mérite au sein d’une théorie pluraliste de la justice socialeThe idea of merit holds a special status in contemporary societies. Like equality or liberty, merit enjoys a very high degree of support in many western countries. However, contrary to other moral principles, the idea of merit suffers from a very high degree of skepticism within the philosophical literature. We defend in this dissertation that this skepticism is unjustified, and that merit owes its popularity to the fact that it is a fundamental moral principle. The originality of this dissertation lies in part in the recourse to psychological experiments used to study folk perception of fundamental philosophical problems. This recourse to empirical methods is justified by the idea that every moral theory should be a rationalization of folk intuitions. The deep anchoring of merit in commonsense morality constitutes a major justification of the value of merit. Furthermore, we put forward three other justifications. Merit also plays a fundamental role in the promotion of collective welfare, ensures the harmony of private and public interest, and contributes to the constitution of a community of values. This four-fold justification enables us to defend the necessity of inscribing merit within a pluralist theory of social justice