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1
Pinto, R. R. "Strengthening the Links between Housing Estates and the Labour Market: A Model for Consideration." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 14, no. 1 (March 1996): 121–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c140121.
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The pronounced housing-market and labour-market changes which have intensified in recent decades have had a particularly severe impact upon the social housing sector. In this paper it is argued that within this tenure, social housing estates have experienced a progressive dislocation from the mainstream in economic and social terms. A generic model of Estate Development Trusts is presented which is an attempt to redress not only the balance of labour-market opportunities by targeting such issues as education, training, and (un)employment, but is equally directed at related aspects such as the housing-management, social, and health functions at the estate level. The primary purpose of the model is to provide a framework which highlights the attributes which ought to be considered when seeking to bring about the effective and holistic regeneration of social housing estates.
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ZHITIN, Ruslan Magometovich. "SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE LARGE LANDLORD ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT OF TAMBOV GOVERNORATE IN THE LATE 19th CENTURY." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 175 (2018): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2018-23-175-149-156.
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The social and economic features of the large estates development in the Tambov Governorate in the late 19th are examined. The class composition of the latifundists, the social and economic development features of their estates are considered. The source for the work are materials describing the major Tambov estates, “Digest of Statistical Data on the Tambov Governorate”. On the basis of the socio-economic development of the estates, the data system “Large Estates of the Tambov Governorate in the Late 19th Century” is compiled, which allows to generalize information on 489 latifundia of the Tambov Governorate. The relevance of the work is determined by the importance of studying the most successful forms of social and economical pre-revolutionary modernization of the post-reform agricultural sector. In the post-reform period it was the entrepreneurial activity of latifundia that was the source of new forms of rationalism and enterprise, social and industrial innovations. The study of sources makes it possible to generalize the territorial features of the concentration of latifundia in the region, to elucidate the reasons for the economic stability of the latifundia in the region, to determine the specific features of the industrial structure of the economic complexes of the Tambov estates, and to consider the most common methods of land use. The study of the industrial modernization of the latifundia is supplemented by a study of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the composition of local wage workers. The qualifications and shortcomings of the professions that were formed in privately owned farms were determined. Synthesis of material for a nu mber of farms shows that the economic success of large owners was largely due to the widely practiced use of a qualified administration and the involvement of agricultural hiring.
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Bartoněk, Dalibor, Jiří Bureš, and Otakar Švábenský. "Evaluation of Influence of the Environment on the Choice of Buildings for Residential Living." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 16, 2020): 4901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124901.
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In the CR (Czech Republic), there are a lot of prefabricated housing estates built in the 70s and 80s of the 20th century, which are at the end of their life cycle. The main goal of the project was to evaluate the rate of energy savings in the long term due to the revitalization of prefabricated apartment buildings, and thus provide feedback to the relevant authorities on its effectiveness. Another goal was to evaluate selected parameters of living comfort in the locality for the purposes of the real estate market with the possibility of providing them to those interested in living in the locality. A complex of methods was used, which evaluate criteria from various spheres, such as environment, spatial relationships, social aspects, etc. The authors used a combination of multi-criterial analysis methods (MCA) and spatial analysis within a Geographical Information System (GIS). Of all MCA methods, weighted linear combination (WLC) was chosen as the most suitable. In the spatial analyses, the matter of solution was, above all, the distance to the center and the transport within the given locality. The above-mentioned methods served as a model for evaluating whether a panel house in question is or is not suitable for reconstruction. The input data of the model are spatial data—national map series of the CR, environmental data (noise maps, energy demands of buildings)—and statistical data obtained from various sources (city administration of Brno, relevant organizations, and interviews with respondents). Within Inquiry Form 3, potential groups of respondents were addressed: Group A—people over fifty, group B—young families with children, group C—students under 25. The projected model was tested in Brno city in the locality of Nový Lískovec (CR). The proposed model provided information on the quality of housing in a given locality in terms of energy intensity, noise pollution, transport accessibility, and civic amenities. The output is a multi-criteria model with GIS support, which is generally applicable. The results of the model analyses led to the demonstration of the effectiveness of revitalization. The results can be used for estate offices or other organizations in the form of graphical outputs of appropriate variants on the basis of solving a lot of criteria when searching for a suitable residence.
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Sdino, Leopoldo, and Paola Castagnino. "Housing Affordability Index: Real Estate Market and Housing Situations." Advanced Engineering Forum 11 (June 2014): 527–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.11.527.
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One of the main problems in defining strategies for the real estate market (whether in terms of planning and, therefore, in public administration, or whether of a considerably more speculative nature, and therefore, in the private sector) lies in the operator’s less than perfect knowledge of the aspects of supply and demand, due to the real estate market’s characteristics. The prerequisite to starting or sustaining virtuous dynamics in territorial development is knowledge of the real estate market, an area that has now been widely studied, in terms of the potential for economic, social and territorial development. This paper proposes the application of a synthetic index, the Housing Affordability Index (HAI), which was developed in detail at the municipality level to identify areas where housing is inadequate. The territorial scope includes Northwest regions of Italy, Liguria and Lombardy. HAI describes what happened and must then be understood conducing multi-disciplinary examinations, intended to explain why it happened.
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Rącka, Izabela, Sławomir Palicki, Małgorzata Krajewska, Kinga Szopińska, and Olgierd Kempa. "Changes On the Housing Market of the Downtown Area in Selected Polish Cities." Real Estate Management and Valuation 25, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/remav-2017-0015.
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Abstract Large Polish cities are currently dealing with an increasing significance of downtown areas, extending outside of the city centers (meaning the area directly surrounding the city square). The downtown alone seems to influence the fate of entire cities, facilitating their success or contributing to their failure. A good demographic, social and economic condition of a downtown, its positive image and the dynamic development of the part of the city perceived as the business and administration centre and a meeting place of residents and tourists, contribute to the image and potential of the whole city to a great extent. Changes in urban surroundings, the signs of which may be observed in spatial, aesthetic, architectural, urban-planning and socio-economic aspects, determine the functioning and condition of local real estate markets. Whether potential buyers consider the real estate attractive depends on the assessment of its significant features, of which transaction price is representative. The main research objective of the article is the identification, assessment and interpretation of differences in prices registered in the years 2009-2014 in downtown residential real estate markets. These considerations have been referred to analogical phenomena within the entire cities under examination. The detailed research objective is an attempt to explain the sources of individual reactions of the analyzed real estate markets in downtown areas. The cities under research include: Bydgoszcz, Kalisz, Toruń and Wrocław. The authors applied quantitative analysis (statistical, comparative) to transaction data registered in local residential real estate markets.
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Heimerdinger, John F., and Ronni G. Davidowitz. "Trusts and Estates:." Administration in Social Work 16, no. 1 (April 23, 1992): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j147v16n01_07.
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Malan, MC Schoeman. "Recent Developments Regarding South African Common and Customary Law of Succession." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 10, no. 1 (July 4, 2017): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2007/v10i1a2794.
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This article will concentrate on the development in the common law of succession and administration of estates versus the customary law of succession and inheritance as well as the winding up of estates pursuant to constitutional tendencies, case law, and statutory reform over the last ten years. The principles of customary law of succession and inheritance have become a contentious issue since the commencement of the Constitution and Bill of Rights which provide for a human rights dispensation in South Africa. As a pluralistic legal system was retained, the inevitable conflict between the principles of customary law of succession and the Constitution soon came to the fore. Although the South African Law Reform Commission reported on this issue and submitted their recommendations to the Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development, the report was never formally published. Aspects of intestate succession and the administration of estates of deceased blacks were challenged in court on constitutional grounds. This eventually lead to a number of principles of customary law being declared unconstitutional, and consequently invalid, by the Courts who had no choice but to provide relief until such time as the legislature enacted a lasting solution. As far as the intestate succession is concerned, the Intestate Succession Act 81 of 1987 was extended to all persons in South Africa, including those adhering to a system of customary law. No distinction will, for purposes of succession, be made in future between legitimate and illegitimate children, between a first born son and other siblings or between men and women. Notwithstanding several court judgments in this regard, the Intestate Succession Act has not been amended by the Legislature as yet. As far as the historical discrepancy in the winding up and administration of estates is concerned, all estates, including intestate estates of black persons that have to devolve under customary law, in the future will be administered by the Master. Magistrates no longer will be responsible for supervising and administering customary estates.
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Woodman, Gordon R. "Ghana Reforms the Law of Intestate Succession." Journal of African Law 29, no. 2 (1985): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185530000663x.
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Four interrelated reforms in the private law of Ghana were promulgated by the ruling Provisional National Defence Council (P.N.D.C.) on 14 June, 1985: the Intestate Succession Law, 1985 (P.N.D.C.L. Ill); the Customary Marriage and Divorce (Registration) Law, 1985 (P.N.D.C.L. 112); the Administration of Estates (Amendment) Law, 1985 (P.N.D.C.L. 113); and the Head of Family (Accountability) Law, 1985 (P.N.D.C.L. 114). The Intestate Succession Law radically changes the law of inheritance, and constitutes the most extensive legislative reform ever made in the private law of Ghana. The Administration of Estates (Amendment) Law is a minor consequential enactment. The other two Laws are directed primarily to other issues, but bear on the Intestate Succession Law in minor aspects which will be mentioned later.This comment does not seek to provide a detailed textual analysis of the Law, but merely to consider its provenance and general significance in the development of Ghanaian property law.
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Ura, Paulina. "THE DEMARCATION OF REAL ESTATES IN THE POLISH ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE." International Journal of Legal Studies ( IJOLS ) 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 403–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7426.
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The demarcation of real estates in the polish procedure is specific because it takes place in two modes, administrative and civil. Therefore, the position of the party in this procedure deserves attention because of the need to ensure that it can actively participate in this procedure. The specificity of the demarcation proceedings in an administrative manner is that the party can not sue a decision to a higher authority and can only continue it before a common court. The purpose of the article is to show the specificity of demarcation proceedings in Poland. The author considered its individual stages, focusing on the administrative aspects and the role that the public administration body plays in this procedure.
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ZHITIN, Ruslan Magometovich. "MODELS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF CENTRAL BLACK EARTH REGION ESTATES IN THE LATE 19th – EARLY 20th CENTURY." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 176 (2018): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2018-23-176-146-153.
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We examine the peculiarities of the economic activity of landlords in the late 19th and early 20th century. The origins of conservative approaches to the development of private estates are analyzed, the reasons that led some nobles to proceed to successful management are revealed. The urgency of work is determined by the importance of studying the most optimal forms of socio-economic modernization of the post-reform agricultural sector. An analysis of the published sources shows that the majority of owners turned to traditional methods of economic activity. A promising area was the transfer of land in rent. Evaluating the advantages of city life, they completely broke ties with rural life and moved to the cities. Only a small, economically active stratum of landowners, under new conditions, could create self-sufficient capitalist farms. They modernized the estates that belonged to them, introduced into the practice of administration progressive management methods, rationally using available economic resources. Analyzing the sources of rationalization of exemplary estates, we turned to the memoirs of A.A. Fet, A.N. Engelhardt, S.F. Sharapov. The success of modernization of estates, in their opinion, was associated with attention to specific aspects of the farms economy, the introduction of new production technologies, administrative activities rationalization.
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Kovalivska, Svitlana, Andrii Shcherbyna, and Vsevolod Nikolaiev. "INTENSIFICATION OF INVESTMENT IN THE RENOVATION OF RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 6, no. 5 (December 2, 2020): 184–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2020-6-5-184-195.
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The subject of the paper є is to study the mechanisms for investing in residential renovation in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals. At the same time, sustainable development is considered both from the point of view of safety and environmental friendliness of residential buildings, and from the social point of view of providing housing to citizens from strategic perspective. It is shown that the current sustainable development goals, the definition of indicators of their achievement do not cover the problem of housing deterioration, which is one of the most acute for national and social security, as well as the financial stability of the state. Therefore, the achievement of SDG-11 in Ukraine is in a high risk zone given the catastrophic state of housing, the scale of the problem, and the high cost of its renovation for insolvent households; this does not solve the problem only at the expense of homeowners as follows from the essence and functions of property owners. The situation in Ukraine differs from European countries in that the state is impossible to further subsidize the owners on a large scale. This requires a combination of public investment in renovation of residential real estate with property reform, transforming part of the housing stock into social housing. As the implementation of housing projects concerns the local level, the general shortcomings of strategic management are shown, where there is no vision of communities to solve the problem. Methodology. Based on the methodological developments of the authors on the insolvency of homeowners in Ukraine (A. Shcherbyna), criticism of unjustified approaches to co-financing by residents and local authorities of renovation projects in Kyiv (O. Popeko), and the need to justify and evaluate investment projects to achieve sustainable development goals (S. Kovalivska), the article forms a comprehensive approach to solving the problem in terms of all three aspects. Therefore, the purpose of the paper is to deepen the formulation and analysis of methods to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 11 "Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable" with the help of provisions on sustainable housing for citizens based on a projectoriented approach and mechanisms for financing projects using public-private partnerships of homeowners with local authorities, as well as taking into account sustainable development goals. Practical implications. The main directions of further progress in reforming property relations in the housing sector and creating tools for intensifying partnership mechanisms at the vertical and horizontal levels in the public administration system are identified. Results. The proposed methodology provides for the selection of projects for budget support and development of recommendations for their implementation, taking into account SDG in several stages: preselection based on cost-benefit analysis; assessment of the impact of the project on SDG (determination of the SDG identity of the project based on a quantitative assessment of the impact of its objectives on SDG and vice versa); determination of the volume and type of budget support (rating of projects based on a comprehensive analysis of their commercial, budgetary and social efficiency, adjusted for the level of manufacturability, export orientation, and SDG identity); development of recommendations for project implementation, which take into account the approaches to assessing the impact of the project on SDG and, conversely, the achievement of SDGs or the risks of their failure to achieve project objectives (4). Value. To link SDG with budget planning, it is proposed to introduce an additional classification of budget expenditures on SDG, which will help to reconcile strategic and budget planning with investment in order to achieve SDG, including in the process of ensuring state participation in programs and projects for renovation and construction of housing based on the concept of sustainable development.
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GORCZYCA, KATARZYNA, and TADEUSZ GRABIŃSKI. "Ageing in place: residential satisfaction in Polish housing-estate communities." Ageing and Society 38, no. 12 (June 22, 2017): 2410–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x17000630.
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ABSTRACTDuring the period of economic and political transformations in Poland, considerable changes occurred in large housing estates, while demographic transformation and housing-stock ageing starting to aggravate social and spatial problems. The serious issue currently dominating such estates concerns the process of natural ageing of the housing stock and residential ageing which is associated with the reduction of residential mobility and demographic ageing of people living in the large housing estates. This paper intends to identify ageing of the estates’ population in the context of the evaluation of residential life quality. The authors concentrated on analysis of 2002 and 2011 statistical data, as well as data collected during their field surveys conducted in 2010–2012. Detailed studies were carried out on seven estates in five cities and towns in Poland (Kraków, Poznań, Tarnów, Żyrardów and Dzierżoniów). To identify the residential standard and quality of life, surveys were conducted on housing estates which allowed the researchers to establish the essential factors which determined the level of satisfaction of older people with regard to their place of residence. The authors also determined the course of changes in the perception of particular aspects of life quality in the process of residents’ ageing in the selected places of residence.
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H. Németh, István. "Representatives in a Changing World : Characteristics of Urban Advocacy at the Turn of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries." Hungarian Historical Review 10, no. 1 (2021): 3–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.38145/2021.1.3.
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The Kingdom of Hungary had a strong system of estates within the Habsburg Monarchy, and this exerted a significant influence on the positions of free royal cities. The free royal cities enjoyed a large degree of internal autonomy until roughly the end of the seventeenth century, with little oversight or interference by the larger state. Since 1526, the cities had been members of the estates which had taken part in the Diets (the parliaments which could be regarded as the early modern form of the Hungarian), though they had played a minor role in comparison to the counties. In the last third of the seventeenth century, the system of estates underwent significant changes. The royal state came to exert more control, and in the free royal cities, the central administration began to play a stronger role as a force for oversight. The interests of the state administration now played an important role in the selection of the city’s leaders. The delegates who represented the cities in the Diets were also chosen according to these considerations. The local bodies of state administration were given major say in the selection of the representatives. As a consequence of this, delegates began to be chosen who were from different social backgrounds, including people who had different places within the system of the estates. While earlier, the individuals who had been sent to take part in the Diets had been members of the Lutheran bourgeois elite, from roughly the late seventeenth century onwards, members of the nobility living in the cities began to play an increasingly influential role. Many of the delegates from the city of Kassa (today Košice, Slovakia) who will be discussed in the analysis below came from families of non-noble origins which, however, had been granted nobility as a reward for the services they had performed in the chamber administration. The career paths for members of these families led either to administrative bodies in the city or back into state administration.
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López-Mesa, Belinda, Marta Monzón-Chavarrías, and Almudena Espinosa-Fernández. "Energy Retrofit of Social Housing with Cultural Value in Spain: Analysis of Strategies Conserving the Original Image vs. Coordinating Its Modification." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 10, 2020): 5579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145579.
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Two renovation strategies were considered and compared in this paper for the energy renovation of social housing in condo buildings built in 1945–1969, situated in residential estates that have been declared urban areas of interest. One of the strategies, named here the image conservation approach, consists of renovating the building with very efficient solutions, except for the brick-facing walls, which will only have insulation in the existing cavities. The other strategy, the image coordination approach, consists of renovating the whole building with efficient solutions, including external insulation for existing brick-facing walls, and drawing up coordination plans for each of the residential estates in order to guarantee a coordinated new image of the residential estates. By means of three case studies in the city of Zaragoza and four scenarios of improvement, the two strategies are compared regarding the regulation compliance, the energy use, the emissions reduction, the thermal comfort, and the cost-effectiveness of the measures. The results show that the image coordination approach is the best strategy in regard to the studied aspects, achieving a 69%–79% reduction of CO2 emissions and a 75%–97% reduction of heating use, as well as being the only one capable of transforming these buildings into nearly zero energy buildings (nZEBs).
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Leheza, Yevhen, Anzhelika Pylypenko, Larysa Svystun, Oksana Zuieva, and Inna Yefimova. "Social and civil aspects of intellectual property regulation in Ukraine." Revista de la Universidad del Zulia 12, no. 34 (September 2, 2021): 206–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.34.13.
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The purpose of the research. They are considered relevant issues of the administrative and legal situation of subjects of special competence in relation to public administration in the field of intellectual property. Main content. A circle of specific subjects in the public administration system is determined. It identifies the role of subjects of special competence in the performance of the tasks of public administration in the field of intellectual property. The classification of subjects of special competence in the public administration is presented. Methodology: Analysis of documentary sources; the basis is the dialectical method of knowledge of the facts of social reality, on which the comparative formal and legal approaches are largely based. Conclusions. Conclusions are drawn on the place of subjects of special competence in relation to public administration in the field of intellectual property. Proposals are made on the need to improve existing legislation in Ukraine on intellectual property.
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Ludwig, Bogna. "The Greenery of Early Modernist Housing Estates: The 1919–1927 Wałbrzych Agglomeration." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 3921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073921.
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Using the Wałbrzych agglomeration housing estates—once the most important mining and industrial region in Lower Silesia—as an example, this article illustrates the specific significance of the design of green spaces, including urban layouts, and the issue of protecting unique trees and green spaces in the concepts of estates from the early modernism period after the First World War in the years 1919–1927. This article tries to deepen the knowledge on the origins of the design solutions of public and private greenery systems while considering natural, landscape, and social needs. This study complements the information gathered so far in the field of forming green areas in modernist housing estates and highlights the importance of this issue in complex urban design. The Wałbrzych housing settlements are crucial because they were among the first of their kind, not only in Lower Silesia but also in the whole of the Weimar Republic. Based on literature and source studies, it was possible to reconstruct design ideas concerning the composition of green areas in most housing estates in the discussed area. The most interesting ones were presented and broken down into the landscape-related and functional aspects of the use of greenery in housing estates. This made it possible to select specific solutions applied by designers in order to indicate sources of inspiration and theoretically developed rules which then and now seem to be extremely adequate.
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Zembylas, Michalinos. "The emotional aspects of leadership for social justice." Journal of Educational Administration 48, no. 5 (August 17, 2010): 611–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09578231011067767.
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Kaska, Johannes, and Samuel Nussbaum. "Organising Landed Property: Manorial Administration Strategies in the 15th and Early 16th Centuries." Administory 4, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 10–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/adhi-2019-0002.
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AbstractThis paper provides an analysis of micro-level processes in the land administration of two different monastic estates, Lambach in Upper Austria and Klosterneuburg in Lower Austria, in the 15th and early 16th centuries. It argues that several different institutional factors can be seen as driving forces of administrative progress and innovation. To keep up with not always congruent economic, legal and social demands, the two monasteries pursued different strategies in administering their landed property. Their approaches and advancements indicate that the development of bureaucratic use of written texts should not be seen as one of the ever-increasing rationalities but rather as the result of a multilayered cultural process.
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Janicki, Tadeusz. "Stosunki pracy w wielkopolskich majątkach ziemskich w okresie międzywojennym." Człowiek i Społeczeństwo 38 (June 15, 2014): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cis.2014.38.6.
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In the period between the two world wars large landowners in the Wielkopolska region employed the largest number of hired labourers in the area. The main subject of this article is the professional and personal relations between land estate owners and the two main groups of hired workers (the economic administration staff and the farm workers). The labour relations in Wielkopolska’s land estates were based on a strictly observed hierarchy and division of duties. In interpersonal relations we may notice some patriarchal and technocratic elements. In the case of the former, they were mainly inspired by the landowners (or, in a wider sense, by the residents of the manor house), while the technocratic elements were contributed mainly by the administration staff. The labour relations on land estates were slowly evolving under the influence of legal regulations and were additionally shaped by the economic and cultural developments. The impact of this process on the actual organization of labour was rather limited. It was much more evident in the change of relations between people, which evolved mainly under the influence of the process of change in the consciousness of agricultural workers to replace traditional relations, based on patriarchal ones and manoralism or serfdom-based relations, into professional and contract-based labour relations. However, the trends to modernise the land estates during the 1920s, both in the sphere of technology and social relations, became impeded by the impact of the economic crisis of the 1930s which led again to further consolidation of the patriarchal employer-employee model of relations.
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Novotná, Eva. "Panelák jako výsledek vědeckotechnického experimentu." AUC PHILOSOPHICA ET HISTORICA 2020, no. 2 (August 2, 2021): 167–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/24647055.2021.7.
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The article deals with the history of prefabricated houses (panelaks) in the context of Czechoslovakian construction industry at the turn of the 50´s and 60´s. It focuses on the historical, ideological and material aspects of the development and seeks further influences in political and social issues of that time, including a short excursion to the Soviet Union. The article pays main attention to construction experiments (especially monoliths) and the invention of housing districts (estates) of the time.
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Šolcová, Kateřina. "Jessenius’ contribution to social ethics in 17th century Central Europe." Ethics & Bioethics 8, no. 1-2 (June 1, 2018): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ebce-2018-0005.
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Abstract The aim of the article is to examine and evaluate the social ethics aspects of the pamphlet Pro vindiciis contra tyrannos oratio by the scholar and rector of Prague University Jan Jesenský - Jessenius (1566-1621); first published in Frankfurt in 1614 and for the second time in Prague in 1620 during the Czech Estate Revolt. Therefore, the broader intellectual context of the time is introduced, specifically the conflict between two theories of ruling power correlating with that between the ruler and the Estates after the ideas of the Protestant reformation started to spread. The first theory supported the idea of a sovereign ruler whose authority would stand above the estates to be able to keep the kingdom under control. On the contrary, the so-called resistance theory strived to limit the monarch’s power and to justify a possible intervention against a malevolent ruler - the tyrant. I intend to show that Jessenius´ social ethics which refers to the latter resistance theory was of a premodern nature since its conception of State and its reign remained in a denominationally limited framework. Nevertheless; Jessenius’ polemics with the supporters of ruling sovereignty, which seem to be his original contribution, makes his writing a unique political work in Central Europe. Moreover, the second edition of Jessenius’ text (1620, Prague), which for a long time had disappeared from public view, can rightly be considered a remarkable projection of resistance theory toward actual political struggle at the very beginning of the Thirty Years War.
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Sendi, Richard, and Boštjan Kerbler. "The Evolution of Multifamily Housing: Post-Second World War Large Housing Estates versus Post-Socialist Multifamily Housing Types in Slovenia." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 16, 2021): 10363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810363.
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The academic discourse on post-Second World War (post-WW2) multifamily housing complexes has mostly focused on their negative aspects, related, especially, to their high population densities, poor quality of construction and social problems, due to the dominance of low-income residents. In reaction to these and other negative characteristics, alternative multifamily housing types started to emerge, first in Western European countries in the 1970s, and later in Eastern European countries, following the adoption of the market economy system at the beginning of the 1990s. The transformation that has occurred in mass housing types has been particularly distinct in Eastern European countries. Motivated by the lack of focused analyses of the important characteristics of these transformations, this article adopts a rare approach to the mass housing debate by focusing on examining the merits of post-WW2 large housing estates as compared to those of the post-socialist era. With a focus on Slovenia as a case study, a comparative analysis is performed by conducting a detailed review of the literature and other relevant sources. The comparative analysis shows that post-socialist multifamily housing types have many advantages over the post-WW2 housing estates, a finding that leads us to deduce that the transformations in mass housing typologies that have occurred in Slovenia (and other Eastern European countries) may have serious implications on the future of large housing estates. It is thus suggested in the conclusion that suitable regeneration policies need to be urgently implemented in post-WW2 housing estates in order to create more attractive living environments and prevent the potential degradation of these neighborhoods, which would, in turn, result in spatial residential segregation with concentrations of low-income households in post-WW2 housing estates.
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Avis, Jillian. "The Social and Psychological Aspects Behind Flight." INvoke 1 (May 4, 2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/invoke16194.
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There are a variety of psychological, cognitive and social factors that contribute to in-flight interactions between crew members, and in order to achieve optimal communication and safety levels during flight, the concept of Crew Resource Management has become increasingly important. Crew Resource Management refers to effective teamwork that requires both efficient and effective communication of pertinent information between the flight deck, cabin crew members and those not on the aircraft, but responsible for critical flight information and organization. The concept has been adapted from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration workshop in 1979 which identified various factors common amongst aviation accidents, including poor team leadership, failure to adequately delegate tasks and inadequate computer monitoring. Future implications of Crew Resource Management have extended to online training sessions to improve communication, and principles have also expanded into the fields of dentistry and medicine.
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Albrecht, Peter. "The Extraordinary Life of a Retired Sexton on the Brink of Poverty: Friedrich Wilhelm Hirsemann (1741–1802)." Central European History 27, no. 2 (June 1994): 185–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900010013.
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When European society was still divided into estates, rules of behavior covering all essential aspects of life were in effect for (and were expected to be observed by), even the smallest social group. Knowledge of the often quite subtle differences in the behavior expected and their strict observation within ones personal sphere determined the position of every individual. The adage, “Schuster bleib bei deinem Leisten” (shoemaker, stick to your last), had meaning not only for one's occupation, but extended to all areas of life. In the eighteenth century the room for movement slowly broadened for the individual. It was primarily in the educated circles that the pioneers of this process of gradual change could be found, and where the estates system itself began to be questioned. The room for mobility of those in the lower social groups expanded—to be sure only slightly—as far as one can judge on the basis of the restricted amount of sources at our disposal. But in individual cases, even people from the lower classes were able to make use of the loosening of barriers and to profit from them.
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Glennerster, Howard, Anne Power, and Tony Travers. "A New Era for Social Policy: A New Enlightenment or a New Leviathan?" Journal of Social Policy 20, no. 3 (July 1991): 389–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400018936.
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ABSTRACTA succession of Acts of Parliament passed between 1988 and 1990 mark the most decisive break in British social policy since the period between 1944 and 1948. This paper examines the extent to which common principles underlie this legislation. One of the most important common elements has been the reduction in the powers of local government and in the presumption that local authorities should be the main providers of social welfare outside the social security system. Schools, housing estates and social care services are to be given greater powers to run themselves or to become separate organisations. Local authorities are to use their resources to fund and contract with external agencies. The possible outcomes of this change in governance are discussed.
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Калишева, Нажия, and Nazhiya Kalisheva. "Constitutional-law aspects of reforming of state administration." Advances in Law Studies 3, no. 5 (October 30, 2015): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/12921.
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The aim of the article is to study the constitutional and legal problems of state control. Actualized the problem of generalization theoretical base content of the category "control" as one of the most effective forms of implementation of social activities of public authorities; identify the underlying types of strategies and priorities of state control in the Republic of Kazakhstan, its place and role in the system of checks and balances aimed at preserving the balance, balance of power; study of the main directions and principles of constitutionalization measures of state control as a means of ensuring, on the one hand, the effectiveness of the other, the modernization of public administration.
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Moutselos, Michalis. "Fighting for Their Neighborhood: Urban Policy and Anti-State Riots in France." Social Forces 98, no. 4 (October 28, 2019): 1719–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/soz126.
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Abstract Why does anti-state, violent rioting take place in advanced democracies? The paper investigates the role of the urban environment in shaping grievances expressed and mobilization/counter-mobilization processes observed during a riotous episode. In particular, I look at large social-housing estates as a propitious urban setting for the eruption and sustenance of anti-state violence. I identify three mechanisms (stigma amplification and inversion, failure of state intervention in the form of everyday administration and emergency policing, and advantages for network activation and resource mobilization among potential rioters) that complement standard explanations of rioting based on socioeconomic and ethno-cultural grievances. I test the theoretical model using a controlled case study of two neighboring suburbs in the North of Paris, with similar socioeconomic, demographic, and political characteristics but different violent outcomes in the 2005 nation-wide wave of French riots. The paper traces the source of local variation to the exogenous presence of large, concentrated social-housing estates in one, but not the other. The analysis here treats anti-state rioting as a form of urban protest and looks at state-society divisions rooted in urban geography and policy that have been overlooked in conventional scholarship on minority mobilization in Europe.
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Denisov, Sergey. "Pomezanian Feoffees in the State of the Teutonic Order in the 1260–1370s." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 2 (54) (September 4, 2021): 225–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2021-54-2-225-243.
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The article deals with the problem of incorporation of the Pomezanians who settled in western Prussian lands in the social system of the Order State in the 1260–1370s. To research this problem, the article discusses composition and functions of 227 feoffees entered the service of brethern and bishops. These aspects have not been thoroughly studied in historiography; they are fixed in 147 acts, such as Pomezanian Law and the Chronicles of Peter of Dusburg and Wigand of Marburg. The given aspects have been researched with prosopographical, historical-
comparative, typological, and diachron-synchronous methods, that allowed us to make the following conclusions. The majority of feoffees (165 of 227 persons) kept the military service for their estates and additionally paid natural, natural-money or cash taxes (Group 1) or were free from taxes (Group 2). These groups were constantly increased in number in the 1260–1370s. It was caused by the Order need for warriors for military campaigns against the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland. In contrast to them, Group 3 was rarely replenished and paid the brethern and church additional taxes from distinct lands. These groups had social-propriety differentiation, negative consequences
of the latter were neutralized by the Order and church due to the heirs’ increasing numver, permission to change land estates, exemption from military service and taxes for a certain period of time and other actions. These measures were based on the local law and combined with regulations of military service and taxes fixed in Culm Charter. This situation the flexible policy conducted by the brethern and church in Pomezania. It became the basis for successful incorporation of local inhabitants in the social system of the Order State.
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Mueller, Richard E., Richard G. Harris, and Thomas Lemieux. "Social and Labour Market Aspects of North American Linkages." Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques 32, no. 2 (June 2006): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4128730.
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Sobrinho, José Falcão, Vanessa Campos Alves, Thaylany Matias Magalhães, Gilmário Rodrigues do Nascimento, and Emanuela Lima Lutif Pinto. "The Use of Digester and the Spread of Sustainable Actions in Semiarid Region of Ceará." Journal of Management and Sustainability 10, no. 2 (August 19, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v10n2p15.
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The objective of this manuscript is to present comments about the social technology involving the production of renewable energy using the digesters implemented by the Paulo Freire project in some country estates in Massapê and Jordão. For this, visits were necessary for these two municipalities, where it is possible to realize the importance of these digesters for the local people. Furthermore, some aspects affect the production in the field, such as the interaction among types of social technology and the importance of available natural resources for obtaining results that impact positively on the local economy and sustainable rural development. The diffusion of rural and environmentally sustainable development actions goes through the guarantee of resources for the development and autonomy of the population.
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Hrytsyuk, Lesya, and Оlena Кomarenets. "DESIGN OF AGE-FRIENDLY QUARTERS." Current problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 60 (April 26, 2021): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2021.60.217-225.
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The article describes the trends in demographic changes of the world’s modern population, which will affect its habitats in the future, among which are urbanization and population aging. The publication also describes main aspects of making cities age-friendly, according to research by the World Health Organization. It offers methods of improving the quality of third age citizens’ lifes by creating cohousing community urban rental apartments, using new approaches in the placement of social housing in the city structure and regeneration of existing housing estates on the example of implemented projects in Brussels and Manchester. The main aim of the article is to determine and characterize the most common problems of elderly around the world and to propose the ways of its solving by using new approaches in urban planning and architectural design. It considers the island type of social housing construction and structuring of its space in three levels, describes the importance of every inhabitant’s private space. This publication presents kinds of public spaces’ exploitation and its best location depending on functioning. The choices of transparent constructions and natural materials’ use in private zones’ separating are also given here. The article suggests ways of redeveloping neighborhoods, which have been declined over years by construction of new inclusive housing estates on the example of Collyhurst regeneration project.
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JACOBS, KEITH. "THE POLITICS OF PARTNERSHIPS: A STUDY OF POLICE AND HOUSING COLLABORATION TO TACKLE ANTI-SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR ON AUSTRALIAN PUBLIC HOUSING ESTATES." Public Administration 88, no. 4 (October 25, 2010): 928–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2010.01851.x.
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Sutherland, Mhairi, Gemma Worth, Catherine Cameron, and Else Verbeek. "Effect of Morphine Administration on Social and Non-Social Play Behaviour in Calves." Animals 9, no. 2 (February 12, 2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9020056.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of morphine on social and non‐socialplay behaviour in calves. Twelve calves experienced four treatments in a cross over 2 × 2 factorialdesign: Calves received an intravenous injection of morphine or saline 10 min prior to being testedindividually or in pairs in an arena for 20 min. Play behaviour was continuously recorded in thearena test. Lying times were recorded in the home pen. Cortisol concentrations were measuredbefore and after testing. In the arena test, calves given morphine tended to perform more social playevents than calves given saline, however, morphine administration had no effect on locomotor play.Calves given morphine spent less time lying than calves given saline during the first 4 h afterreturning to the home pen. Cortisol concentrations were suppressed in calves given morphine.Administration of morphine appeared to increase social play but had no effect on locomotor playin calves. This study highlights the importance of investigating different aspects of play behaviourin animals as some may be more indicative of a positive affective state than others. More studiesinvestigating the effects of morphine on play are needed to confirm the results found in this study.
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Nikiforov, Yury S. "Regional and sectoral aspects of inequality and legal delimitation of the production societas in the late USSR (1950-1980)." Vestnik of Kostroma State University 27, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2021-27-2-76-81.
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The article examines the factors and sources of inequality and legal delimitation of the industrial societas in the USSR in the 1950-1980s. The article raises the question of the key aspects of regional and sectoral inequality of the Soviet societas. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is associated with the paradigm of the "global intellectual history of inequality". Much attention is paid to the analysis of the concepts of "estate" and "class" in modern historiography. The article is based on the ideas of Mikhail Beznin and Tat’yana Dimoni on the legal demarcation of the production societas in the USSR and the formation of special social classes in Soviet Russia in the 1950s-1980s. An important theoretical role is played by the controversial thesis of the researcher Simon Kordonskiy on the existence of special estates – social registration groups – in the USSR. The source base of the study is represented by the official normative documents of the Soviet era, statistical data, unpublished archival documents of the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History. The article expresses a scientific hypothesis that the main criteria for inequality and legal delimitation of the production societas of the USSR included 3 indicators in the second half of the 20th century – a formally determined size of wages, social security, horizontal social mobility.
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Tieben, Hendrik. "Public Space Trends in Hong Kong. A view from the New Territories." Journal of Public Space 1, no. 1 (October 18, 2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/jps.v1i1.7.
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Hong Kong’s vertical urban landscape, bustling street markets, and multi-layered urban spaces have attracted a range of scholars (Cuthbert and McKinnell, 1997; Smith, 2005; Frampton [et al.], 2010; Shelton [et al.], 2011). Therefore, this paper focuses on aspects of Hong Kong’s public spaces, which so far have caught less attention, but affect the majority of its residents today. The paper starts with the following observations: (1) More than half of Hong Kong’s population (52,2%) lives today in the New Territories, an area usually outside of international attention (Census 2011); (2) Here, most people live in public and private housing estates, constructed over the last 40 years; (3) Individual estates can reach a population size of entire European towns and their “public spaces” – if one can name them as such – follow strict rules and have their own spatial conditions; (4) The street patterns, which connect these estates with their surrounding are fundamentally different from those of the older urban areas on Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula. Basically, in these new developments we don’t find the bustling street markets or the complex multi-layered spatial conditions anymore, which have caught most international attention (e.g. Frampton [et al.], 2010); and, (5) through urban renewal and redevelopment these new spatial conditions are introduced also to the older urban areas. As a response, there have been a growing number of initiatives by civil society groups to recapture the original role of streets as public spaces to offer more opportunities for economic and social activities, and re-enable expressions different cultural identities, life styles, and political views.
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Pravotorova, O. M. "EFFICIENCY OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL PROTECTION: THEORETICAL ASPECTS." Actual problems of native jurisprudence, no. 4 (August 30, 2019): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/391938.
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In the article, the key aspects of the effectiveness of administrative and legal protection are researched on the basis of current legislation and opinions on this issue of scholars in the field of administrative law. The author notes that administrative-legal protection is an institution of administrative law consisting of uniform rules of administrative law whose legal effect is directed at the prevention of offenses (crime prevention) and the restoration of violated rights, freedoms and legal interests of individuals and juridical persons carried out for using administrative tools – forms of administrative activity of public administration, administrative coercion and administrative enforcement. The steady development of social relations in administrative law, the improvement of modern technologies, as well as the formation of an information society, could not but affect the state of efficiency of modern administrative and legal protection. The author states that the effectiveness of administrative and legal protection is an integral part of the theory and practice of such protection. Effectiveness of administrative and legal protection is the ability of public administration based on the norms of administrative law to qualitatively and timely restore violated rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of non-authorized individuals and legal entities, public interest of the state and society. Four levels of effectiveness of administrative and legal protection have been formed: sufficient, when the tasks of the public administration in restoration of violated rights of non-authorized persons are generally fulfilled in the normative-legal acts; insufficient, characterized by frequent cases of non-renewal of violated rights and freedoms of man and citizen, but not characterized by systematic; crisis, when there are systematic violations of rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of individuals and legal entities, they do not receive from the state through the indirect activity of the public administration of protection, and dissatisfaction of citizens acquires a significant social weighty protest; is ineffective when the violated rights and freedoms and legitimate interests of individuals and legal entities are practically not restored, and the law-enforcement system is full of corruption, while the norms of administrative-legal protection change their humane and fair essence and themselves become factors of the destabilization of social relations. It is concluded that administrative-legal protection exists through a system of administrative-legal norms, and at the same time it is proved that it can not, from the point of view of epistemology of law, exist in such narrow limits as the state determines, it reflects objective social relations, protects the most important values, Which during this period of time may not yet find the formal registration in the sources of administrative law, is provided on the basis of administrative law and simultaneously governed by the norms of administrative law, which will establish not only the state, although it primarily. Four levels of effectiveness of administrative and legal protection have been formed: sufficient, when the tasks of public administration set forth in normative legal acts in relation to the restoration of violated rights of non-authorities as a whole are fulfilled; insufficient, characterized by non-isolated cases, not the restoration of violated rights and freedoms of man and citizen, but not characterized by systematic; crisis, when there are systematic violations of rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of individuals and legal entities, they do not receive protection from the state through the indirect activity of the public administration; the dissatisfaction of citizens acquires significant social protest; is ineffective when the violated rights and freedoms and legitimate interests of individuals and legal entities are practically not restored, and corruption penetrates the law-enforcement system, while the norms of administrative-legal protection change their humane and fair essence and they themselves become factors of destabilization of social relations.
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Azevedo, Anna Carolina de Oliveira. "LEI ANTICORRUPÇÃO BRASILEIRA E INTERFACES COM O CONTROLE SOCIAL." Revista da CGU 10, no. 17 (December 4, 2018): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36428/revistadacgu.v10i17.118.
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O enfrentamento da corrupção é um tema que tem adquirido grande relevância nacional e internacionalmente, motivando a celebração de convenções entre os Estados, que tematizam, entre outros aspectos, o papel das pessoas jurídicas em práticas corruptoras e a relevância da participação da sociedade no enfrentamento do problema. Em 2013, oBrasil editou a Lei Federal nº 12.846, conhecida como Lei Anticorrupção, que trata da responsabilização administrativa e civil de pessoas jurídicas por atos lesivos à Administração Pública, comumente associados a práticas de corrupção.Nesse contexto, o presente artigo busca identificar interfaces entre a Lei Anticorrupção e o exercício do controle social, de modo a examinar como essa forma de controle foi incorporada no novo marco normativo. Realiza-se, assim, uma abordagem descritiva e de caráter exploratório, que contempla a revisão bibliográfica das temáticas corrupção, controlesocial e accountability, além da análise das convenções internacionais que tratam da matéria e da referida Lei. Como interfaces mais evidentes, identificam-se o Cadastro Nacional de Empresas Punidas e o fomento a denúncias, que possibilitam, à sociedade, prover os órgãos públicos de informações sobre atos ilícitos e realizar o controle sobre a aplicaçãoda Lei Anticorrupção. Essas interfaces apresentam-se, porém, em caráter embrionário, cuja representação representa um dos desafios das políticas anticorrupção.Palavras-chave: Responsabilização. Controle social. Corrupção. Lei Anticorrupção.
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Moro, Matheus Fernando, Letícia Da Costa Alves, Anderson Luís Walker Amorin, Sandrine De Almeida Flores, and Andreas Dittmar Weise. "Financiamento habitacional popular: Como os recursos do FTGS estão sendo utilizados." Revista Produção e Desenvolvimento 2, no. 2 (August 31, 2016): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32358/rpd.2016.v2.157.
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In order to meet the housing shortage, was created popular housing programs for low-income families. In Brazil, these programs differs from the rest of the world, since here the programs are directed to the acquisition of real estate, unlike the rest of the world where the focus is lower rents for low-income families. In the context, this type of program has also been used as a tool against economic crises. Based on these aspects, this article aims to identify how the FGTS funds are being used regarding the housing finance. To perform this analysis was studied the targeting of FGTS funds for social housing in Brazil, thus demonstrating, a convincing growth in this modality and also an exchange preferably after the year 2009, of used real estates to new ones.
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Pereira, Ana Karine, Marília Silva Oliveira, and Thiago da Silva Sampaio. "Asymmetries of state government social distancing policies in the face of COVID-19: political and technical-administrative aspects." Revista de Administração Pública 54, no. 4 (August 2020): 678–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-761220200323x.
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Resumo Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar a liderança dos governos estaduais brasileiros na implementação de políticas de distanciamento social para o enfrentamento da disseminação da COVID-19. Pressupõe-se que as políticas de distanciamento social são heterogêneas, apesar da liderança dos governos, ou seja, apresentam certo grau de assimetria nas restrições do funcionamento do comércio e de atividades com potencial de aglomeração de pessoas. Diante disso, foram combinados os debates sobre processo de produção de políticas públicas e sobre autonomia e federalismo, para investigar a influência dos fatores políticos ou técnico-administrativos nas políticas estaduais. Os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos foram utilizados: análise de conteúdo de 134 normativas estaduais; mapeamento do alinhamento político-partidário dos governadores estaduais ao presidente da República; análise dos recursos médico-hospitalares de cada unidade da federação baseada no Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES). O contexto emergencial revelou baixa coordenação interfederativa pelo governo federal, provocando uma competição entre entes federativos e forte liderança estadual na gestão da crise no âmbito local. A pesquisa mostra, por um lado, que as decisões sobre as políticas de distanciamento social não podem ser explicadas por fatores políticos; e por outro, a correspondência entre a capacidade do sistema de saúde local e o nível de rigor das políticas de distanciamento social. Conclui-se que, na atual situação de transtorno social intenso, preferiu-se a racionalidade técnica a barganhas políticas.
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S, DEVA ARUL, and IYAPPARAJA M. "SOCIAL INTERNET OF THINGS USING BIG DATA ANALYTICS AND SECURITY ASPECTS - A REVIEW." Electronic Government, an International Journal 16, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/eg.2020.10023335.
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Arul, S. Deva, and Meenakshisundaram Iyapparaja. "Social internet of things using big data analytics and security aspects - a review." Electronic Government, an International Journal 16, no. 1/2 (2020): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/eg.2020.105238.
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Erhag, Thomas. "Legal Aspects of Cross-Border Rehabilitation to Work." European Journal of Social Security 7, no. 2 (June 2005): 139–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/138826270500700203.
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This paper describes the legal situation of European migrant workers who are in need of rehabilitation. For the sick or disabled migrant worker, living in one country and having his/her workplace in another, rehabilitation often raises complicated issues which have to be solved by an equally complex framework of legal rules. In this article, Sweden-Norway is used as a cross-border example to illustrate the problems faced by an insured person and by the social security administration during rehabilitation. The legal problems are basically attributable to differences between social security systems within the EU. Rehabilitation cases are complicated by the fact that the support an individual needs is often not a single benefit. Instead rehabilitation involves a variety of different benefits regulated by different legal instruments. EC Reg. 1408/71 aims to co-ordinate and safeguard the social security rights of migrant workers. However, legal rehabilitation tools, such as sickness and health care benefits, are co-ordinated according to different criteria and special rules covering rehabilitation are not found in the regulation. This leads to a situation where a migrant worker can have the right to cash benefits from one country and health care benefits from another. The result is sometimes confusing, both for the individual and for the administration. The article explores and analyses this confusing situation, paying special attention to the question of legal certainty for the migrant worker.
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Berkovich, Izhak. "Reflections on leadership preparation programs and social justice." Journal of Educational Administration 55, no. 3 (May 2, 2017): 261–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jea-02-2016-0018.
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Purpose Fundamental aspects of educational leadership preparation programs regarding social justice are embodied in program design elements, yet the scholarly community did not adequately address these issues. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The essay suggests that organizational theories dealing with person-environment fit can shed light on the models, possibilities, and limitations of various preparation programs. Findings The essay proposes a meta-conceptual framework that builds on Schneider’s attraction-selection-attrition theory and on the socialization literature to classify leadership preparation programs by design. In addition, the paper reflects on the implications of program design in relation to the power and the responsibility of the faculty. Originality/value The essay argues that design decisions made by the faculty a priori enable and constrain its power and responsibility. The conclusion is that design decisions should be made by faculty with awareness of these issues.
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Emtyl, Zarema Ya, and Andrey V. Pakhomov. "The formation of bodies of power and self-government in the Kuban region during the revolutionary changes of 1917." RUDN Journal of Russian History 19, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 174–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2020-19-1-174-196.
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The present article studies the emergence of institutions of government and autonomy in the Kuban region during the revolutionary transformations of 1917. In the Kuban region, this process diff ered from the development of similar institutions in other provinces of the Russian Empire; these diff erences resulted from the peculiarities of colonization and from the social structure of the region’s population, as well as from the pre-revolutionary management of the region. As the authors demonstrate, the system of government and self-administration in the region encompassed all social estates, in line with post-February democratic processes. The article analyzes the reasons for the failure of this system. The authors identify two periods. Between March 1917 and July 1917, the establishment of governmental bodies and bodies of self-administration was in line with postFebruary democratic processes and aimed at the formation of a more democratic system of regional and local government. The second period, which began in July 1917, was of counter-revolutionary nature; the authorities seized the bodies of Cossack self-government. The abolition of land committees, the closure of the oblast’ council and executive committee, the restriction of the activities of left parties, the elimination of civil committees and the transfer of all power to the Kuban Military government left no legal room for considering the interests of all classes. By the autumn of 1917, the system of governance formed in the Kuban region was not aimed at achieving social harmony and peace but formed the basis for acute social confl ict.
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Belmonte, Sofia di, Claire Seaman, and Richard Bent. "Keeping it in the family: family, priorities and succession in Scottish landed estates." Journal of Family Business Management 6, no. 3 (October 10, 2016): 350–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfbm-08-2015-0033.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consider multigenerational landed estates in Scotland from a family business perspective. The strategic vision for the business is considered here in terms of the family definition of success, drawing upon aspects of cultural identity, legal and fiscal systems and stewardship theory. Design/methodology/approach A social-constructivist epistemology framed this study, which considered perceptions of family business strategy, culture and family defined visions of success. Semi-structured interview techniques were utilized to collect primarily qualitative date. Findings Results indicate that the families shared a very cohesive definition of what constituted the family business and were very aware of the importance of long-term planning in the succession process. The cultural and legal dimension of primogeniture played a defining role in the choice of successors, developed from the belief that the successor is the steward of the family property rather than the “owner” in any personal sense. Key priorities for the family included the training of the heir and the limiting of potential taxation liabilities juxtaposed with the desire to retain family discretion in decision making. Practical implications By extending current research to businesses that have been successfully transferred between six or more generations this study offers a unique insight into the requirements for effective succession. This research also offers an insight into the strategic management of a group of “family businesses” where the economic and legislative environment have required families to plan, where smaller family businesses are often able to defer. Originality/value Multigenerational estates represent some of the oldest family businesses in Scotland, offering a unique sample group of businesses which have survived through six or more generations. The clarity of strategic vision and the perceived importance of long-term planning offer an insight into the reasons for business longevity.
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Krishnan, Parameswari, Azharudin Mohd Dali, Abdullah Zakaria Ghazali, and Shritharan Subramanian. "The History of Toddy Drinking and Its Effects on Indian Labourers in Colonial Malaya, 1900–1957." Asian Journal of Social Science 42, no. 3-4 (2014): 321–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685314-04203006.
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At present, studies on the history of Indians in colonial Malaya have been described as one-dimensional, with the discussion mainly focusing on their arrival as immigrant groups and their involvement in the plantation sector. Other aspects of Indian history in colonial Malaya were not given proper emphasis, especially on matters considered taboo, such as those arising from toddy consumption. Even though it was acknowledged as a form of social ill, its history is rarely discussed. The introduction and supply of toddy in almost all estates at the time led to consequences that affected the quality of life of the estate labour community. This study, realising the situation, draws attention to the history of the development of toddy drinking and its effects among the Indian estate labourers in Malaya from 1900 to 1957. This study also highlights the reactions that existed on the issue of toddy and British action. In summary, this study seeks to prove that the over indulgence of toddy among Indian labourers developed at a rapid pace in Malaya, and not in India. The key information behind this situation is the growth of toddy shops in every plantation with Indian settlers, as well as British interests that wished to maintain a profitable industry, such as toddy.
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Larimer, Christopher W., and Steven A. Peterson. "Biological approaches to public administration and public policy." Politics and the Life Sciences 38, no. 2 (2019): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pls.2019.19.
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AbstractThis special issue considers the relationship of the life sciences to both public policy and public administration. This makes sense because the bureaucratic process and public administration are deeply involved in the policy process and the development of substantive public policy. The two subjects are intertwined. And a biological perspective can illuminate many aspects of both. That is the focus of this issue.
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Ümarik, Meril, Krista Loogma, and Külliki Tafel-Viia. "Restructuring vocational schools as social innovation?" Journal of Educational Administration 52, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jea-08-2012-0100.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize the implementation of educational reform processes by applying the concept of social innovation. The paper proposes a model of social innovation and test its applicability in the context of Estonian vocational education reform using two case studies of the school re-organization as an example. Design/methodology/approach – A case study approach has been applied in the empirical study. Different data collection methods have been used including semi-structured interviews with the various change actors, observations and analysis of written documents. Findings – The integrated model of social innovation proved to be a fruitful analytical tool. By focusing on five central aspects – the trigger of change, central change agents, social mechanisms facilitating the adoption of change, implications and social gains – it was possible to explain two school re-organization processes and the reasons behind their success or complications. Practical implications – The analysis of the cases outlined some lessons that can be learned for the future planning and implementation of school reforms. School changes are more easily adopted if actors experience it as useful and rational, school staff are involved in the process as early as possible and the adoption is facilitated by building certain social mechanisms and network structures into the policy implementation process. Originality/value – The paper makes a contribution to the literature on educational reform by applying the concept of social innovation. Up until now, the concept of social innovation has remained rather underused to explain the process of implementing and adopting reforms, and in particular, it is rarely used in the context of analyzing educational reforms.
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Rychel-Mantur, Dominika. "Członkowie Rządu Centralnego Tymczasowego Wojskowego Galicji – przyczynek do biografii zbiorowej." UR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 16, no. 3 (2020): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/johass.2020.3.2.
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In 1809, in the territories of the Austrian Partition, which had been taken away from Austrians by Polish soldiers, the Central Provisional Military Government of Galicia was formed. The duties of the Governement was the reorganization of administration in Galicia and organization of military troops. The President of the Government was Stanisław Kostka Zamoyski, the most popular and richest magnate in Galicia. Representatives of the local nobility were appointed to other positions in the Government and in the poviat administration bodies. Archive materials allowed the tracing of 53 members. They were born between 1740 and 1780, most often from rich landed gentry and nobility. They owned estates in the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Their career path was typical of the social state they represented. Educated, most often in the spirit of the Enlightenment, they took their first steps in public service as administrative officials or military personnel. Some of these careers seemed to have been above average, but the fall of the country in 1795 led to their their interruption. Withdrawing from public life, they returned in 1809. This article, an attempt to form a characteristic of this group, is part of the research on the elite of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth at the turn of the 19th century.
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Axelsson, Runo. "Institutional Developments in the Russian System of Social Security: Organizational and Interorganizational Aspects." Social Policy & Administration 36, no. 2 (April 2002): 142–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9515.00276.
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