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Journal articles on the topic "Social aspects of Black-and-white photography"
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Wulandari, Arti, and Zulisih Maryani. "FOTOGRAFI POTRET WANITA PENAMBANG PASIR DFOTOGRAFI POTRET WANITA PENAMBANG PASIR DI LERENG SELATAN GUNUNG MERAPI, DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA." REKAM: Jurnal Fotografi, Televisi, dan Animasi 13, no. 1 (September 14, 2017): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/rekam.v13i1.1578.
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Ketegaran dan kesabaran yang luar biasa, sebagai sesama wanita, dari para wanita penambang pasir di Lereng Selatan Gunung Merapi, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta menjadi inspirasi bagi penulis untuk diungkapkan dalam karya fotografi dengan bentuk potret hitam putih karena potret bisa mewakili keadaan sebenarnya dari objek. Penciptaan ini bertujuan mengungkapkan kehidupan wanita penambang pasir di Lereng Selatan Gunung Merapi, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dalam fotografi potret hitam putih dikaitkan dengan aspek teknis kreatif dan fungsi nilai sosialnya.Proses perwujudan mencakup tahap-tahap penciptaan dan media yang digunakan untuk mewujudkan karya seni fotografi potret yang tentunya membutuhkan bahan, alat, dan teknik. Prosedur pelaksanaan meliputi persiapan, pemotretan, proses editing, penentuan lay out, dan pencetakan hasil akhir. Karya penciptaan ini menampilkan karya-karya yang merupakan serangkaian fotografi potret wanita penambang pasir di Lereng Selatan Gunung Merapi, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Melalui foto-foto yang ditampilkan diharapkan dapat memberikan sudut pandang bagi masyarakat dalam mengapresiasi sosok wanita penambang pasir, melalui ketegaran dan kesabarannya yang luar biasa. Keunggulan karya ini adalah menampilkan foto potret wanita penambang pasir dengan hitam putih sehingga tampak lebih dramatis. Obstinacy and remarkable patience, as a fellow woman, from the women sand miners in South Slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta became the inspiration for the author to be expressed in the form of photographic works with black and white portrait because a portrait can represent the actual state of the object. The aim of this creation reveals a woman's life sand miners in South Slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta in black and white portrait photography associated with the creative and technical aspects of the function of social value. The embodiment process includes the stages of creation and media that are used to create works of art portrait photography that will require materials, equipment, and techniques. Implementation procedures covering the preparation, shooting, editing, determination lay out, and print the final results. This creative work featuring the works is a series of photographic portraits of women sand miners in South Slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta. Through the photographs displayed are expected to provide viewpoints for society to appreciate the female figure sand miners, through fortitude and patience were outstanding. The advantages of this work is to show a portrait photo woman sand miners with black and white so that it looks more dramatic.
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Neretin, Nikolai Y., Anna E. Zhadan, and Alexander B. Tzetlin. "Aspects of mast building and the fine structure of “amphipod silk” glands in Dyopedos bispinis (Amphipoda, Dulichiidae)." Contributions to Zoology 86, no. 2 (July 18, 2017): 145–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-08602003.
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In the present study, we investigated the biology of Dyopedos bispinis, a mast-building amphipod that is abundant near the N. Pertsov White Sea Biological Station. To examine the peculiarities of mast building in Dyopedos bispinis, we studied the social structure of individuals inhabiting the masts and identified the preferred substrata through underwater photography and direct observations, characterized the internal and external structures of the masts, and studied the ultrastructure of pereopodal silk glands using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM, respectively). The most frequent substrata for mast building are other fouling organisms, including hydroids, bryozoans, ascidians and sponges. As in other corophiids, each Dyopedos bispinis mast represents the territory of one female and, occasionally, one male, but unique collective masts occupied by three or more (up to 23) adults were also observed. Masts comprise one or 2-4 central cylinders and a laminated cortex that contains detritus and amphipod silk layers. The pereopodal glandular complex of Dyopedos bispinis is composed of two distinct gland groups, proximal and distal, in each pereopod 3-4, and ducts in the glandular complex lead into a common chamber in the dactylus. The proximal glands are multicellular; their secretory cells are uninuclear, unlike in certain other amphipods; and the cell membrane is deeply invaginated. The invaginations are filled with extensions of the cytoplasm of lining cells, but the origin of the lining is unclear. Axon terminals were observed adjacent to the secretory cells, and it is assumed that these axons regulate amphipod silk glands. The proximal silk glands of Dyopedos bispinis have similarities with the lobed and rosette glands of isopods, but they have strongly elongated forms. We refer to these glands as pseudotubular glands. Such glands are rarely observed in Crustacea and have only been described in silk-producing pereopodal systems of marine Peracarida and in the antenna of terrestrial Malacostraca.
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GANDER, CATHERINE. "Black and White Landscapes: Topographies of Disorientation in the Works of Carrie Mae Weems and Claudia Rankine." Journal of American Studies 54, no. 3 (February 10, 2020): 517–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002187581900094x.
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In this essay, I explore how the contemporary black female artists Carrie Mae Weems and Claudia Rankine work with photography and text to develop what I call, after the famous 1975 American landscape photography exhibition, a new, anticolonial, topographics. Connecting the geographical and anatomical meanings of the word “topography,” I approach their works via the phenomenology of Sara Ahmed and Frantz Fanon, tracing how the two artists decentre and throw into relief what Ahmed terms “whiteness as orientation.” Enacting an affective, visual politics of discomfort and disorientation, Weems and Rankine, this essay contends, open new terrain from which to encounter the American landscape in visual, corporeal, and phenomenological terms.
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Davis, Stephanie C., Patrick J. Leman, and Martyn Barrett. "Children's implicit and explicit ethnic group attitudes, ethnic group identification, and self-esteem." International Journal of Behavioral Development 31, no. 5 (September 2007): 514–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025407081461.
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An increasing amount of research explores how children distinguish different aspects of ethnic group attitudes. However, little work has focused on how these aspects tie in with other social and psychological processes. In the present study, 112 black and white children aged 5-, 7- and 9-years completed tests of implicit and explicit ethnic group attitudes, racial and ethnic identification, and self-esteem. Whereas all children exhibited coherent identification with ethnicity defined in terms of family ancestry, only black children identified with ethnicity as defined by racial colour terms. There were no differences in black and white children's self-esteem. Children from both ethnic groups stereotyped only the black character. This stereotyping was stable with age. Positivity was greater towards the black than the white target on implicit and explicit tasks. Negativity towards the white target was evidenced on the implicit task. Positivity, but not stereotyping, was greater on the explicit task compared with the implicit task. Black but not white children's in-group identification was associated with implicit in-group stereotypes. Self-esteem was related to in- and out-group stereotyping and positivity for white but not black children. The implications of these results for social identity development theory and social identity theory are discussed.
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Perry-Parrish, Carisa, Lindsey Webb, Janice Zeman, Sarah Spencer, Celeste Malone, Sarah Borowski, Elizabeth Reynolds, Jessica Hankinson, Matt Specht, and Rick Ostrander. "Anger Regulation and Social Acceptance in Early Adolescence." Journal of Early Adolescence 37, no. 4 (July 27, 2016): 475–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431615611255.
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Anger regulation among adolescents is important to investigate given theoretical and empirical support for its critical association with peer relationships. This study examined two aspects of anger regulation (i.e., inhibition, dysregulation) using self-report and peer-nominations and their associations with social acceptance among 163 Black and White adolescents ([Formula: see text] = 13.87 years). We explored gender and ethnicity differences in anger regulation predicting peer acceptance. Self-reports and peer-nominations of anger regulation were significantly correlated. Within-gender ethnicity differences in anger regulation were found: White girls reported higher levels of anger inhibition than Black girls, and Black girls reported higher levels of anger dysregulation than White girls. For all adolescents, self-reports and nominations of anger inhibition were associated with higher levels of social acceptance, whereas nominations of anger dysregulation predicted lower social acceptance. The results indicate the importance of considering gender and ethnicity in adolescents’ anger management within peer contexts.
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Snyder, Robert E. "Margaret Bourke-White and the Communist Witch Hunt." Journal of American Studies 19, no. 1 (April 1985): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875800020028.
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Margaret Bourke-White (1904–1971) has been called “the most famous woman photographer” and “the finest woman photographer of our times.” Indeed, in a photographic career that spanned nearly five decades, Bourke-White demonstrated great professional versatility, registered many photographic firsts, and in a male-dominated field set standards by which others were measured. During the 1920s, Bourke-White carved out her first reputation in architectural and industrial photography. Her pictures of steel mills, shipyards, packing houses, logging camps, quarries, auto plants, skyscrapers, banks, and terminals captured the atmosphere of the industry and the dynamics of the capitalist system. Her industrial photography was of such outstanding quality that, as one critic observed, it “transformed the American factory into a Gothic cathedral.”Henry Luce was so impressed by her early work that he hired her as the first photographer for his business magazine Fortune. Under a unique arrangement she was allowed six months out of the year to pursue her own private studio practice for advertising agencies and corporations. When Henry Luce added the pictorial magazine Life to his growing publishing empire in the 1930s, he selected Margaret Bourke-White to become one of the four original staff photographers. At Life she established the tradition of negatives printed full frame and proved by black borders, and pioneered the synchronized multiple flash picture. Bourke-White revealed the range of her photographic talents in photo essays, murals, and documentary travelogues. “As a result of her twelve- and fourteen-page essays,” Carl Mydans noted, “her monumental work became known throughout the world — beyond that of any other photographer.”
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Broady, Kristen E., Curtis L. Todd, and William A. Darity. "Passing and the Costs and Benefits of Appropriating Blackness." Review of Black Political Economy 45, no. 2 (June 2018): 104–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034644618789182.
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The socioeconomic position of Blacks in America cannot be fully contextualized without considering the marginalization of their racialized social identities as minorities who have historically combated subjugation and oppression with respect to income, employment, homeownership, education, and political representation. It is not difficult to understand why the historical reference to “passing” primarily has been associated with Blacks who were able to—and many who did—claim to be White to secure the social, educational, political, and economic benefits that were reserved for Whites. Therefore, the majority of passing narratives have focused on Black to White passing. This article departs from the tradition in the literature by considering appropriation of various aspects of Black culture and White to Black passing. We evaluate the socioeconomic costs and benefits of being Black and inequalities in citizenship status between Blacks and Whites. Furthermore, we examine the socioeconomic and political capital of Blackness versus Whiteness in an attempt to explore the rationality of passing for Black.
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Hamlin, Abbey, A. Zarina Kraal, and Laura Zahodne. "Social Engagement and Episodic Memory in Non-Hispanic Black and White Older Adults." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1101.
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Abstract Social engagement may confer cognitive benefits in older adulthood, but studies have typically been restricted to largely non-Hispanic White (NHW) samples. Levels of social engagement vary across race such that NHW report larger social networks, more frequent participation in social activities, and greater social support than non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB). Associations between social engagement and cognition may also vary by race, but research is sparse. The current cross-sectional study examined associations between different aspects of social engagement and episodic memory performance, as well as interactions between social engagement and race among NHB and NHW participants in the Michigan Cognitive Aging Project (N = 247; 48.4% NHB; age = 64.19 ± 2.92). Social engagement (network size, activities, support) was self-reported. Episodic memory was a z-score composite of immediate, delayed, and recognition trials of a list-learning task. Separate hierarchical linear regression models quantified interactions between race and each of the three social engagement variables on episodic memory, controlling for sociodemographics, depressive symptoms, and health conditions. Results showed a main effect of more frequent social activity on better episodic memory, as well as an interaction between race and social support indicating a significant positive association in NHB but not NHW. These preliminary findings suggest that participating in social activities may be equally beneficial for episodic memory across NHB and NHW older adults and that social support may be particularly beneficial for NHB. Future research is needed to determine the potential applications of these results in reducing cognitive inequalities through the development of culturally-relevant interventions.
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Hauschildt, Katrina, and Sarah A. Burgard. "Informal and Formal Social Integration Shape Eating and Drinking of Older Black and White Americans." Journal of Aging and Health 32, no. 9 (December 21, 2019): 1145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264319893486.
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Objective: Health behaviors are seen as one possible pathway linking race to health outcomes. Social integration has also been consistently linked to important health outcomes but has not been examined as a mechanism accounting for racial differences in health behaviors among older U.S. adults. Method: We use data from the American’s Changing Lives (ACL) Study to explore racial differences in measures of social integration and whether they help account for racial differences in several dietary behaviors and alcohol use. Results: We find differences by race and social integration measures in dietary behaviors and alcohol use. Net of socioeconomic status, health status, and reported discrimination, variation in social integration helps to account for racial differences in some health behaviors. Discussion: Our results highlight the nuanced role of social integration in understanding group differences in health behaviors. Interventions should consider such complexities when including aspects of social integration in their design.
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Schultz, Jennifer R., and Keith B. Maddox. "Shooting the Messenger to Spite the Message? Exploring Reactions to Claims of Racial Bias." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 39, no. 3 (January 31, 2013): 346–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167212475223.
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Two experiments examined aspects of the communicator, message, and audience in producing evaluative backlash toward minorities who make claims of ongoing racial bias. In Experiment 1, participants evaluated a White or Black confederate who gave a speech expressing no claim, a mild claim, or an extreme claim of racial bias. Results indicated a race-specific evaluative backlash: Participants more negatively rated Black compared with White communicators, but only when the claim was extreme. Experiment 2 found that participants more negatively rated Black (vs. White) communicators when they used low-quality arguments, but this backlash was eliminated when Black communicators used high-quality arguments. Furthermore, participants who held stronger meritocracy beliefs and who heard low-quality arguments were more likely to evaluate Black communicators harshly. These findings clarify the conditions under which people from advantaged groups are more likely to recognize claims of racial bias as legitimate and respond favorably to the communicator.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Social aspects of Black-and-white photography"
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Hensley, Charlsa Anne. "IN BLACK AND WHITE: RICHMOND’S MONUMENT AVENUE RECONTEXTUALIZED THROUGH THE PHOTOGRAPHIC ARCHIVE." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/art_etds/18.
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The release of the Monument Avenue Commission Report in July, 2018 was the culmination of over one year of research and collaboration with community members of Richmond, Virginia on how the city should approach the contentious history of Monument Avenue’s five Confederate centerpieces. What the monuments have symbolized within the predominately rich, white neighborhood and outside of its confines has been a matter of debate ever since they were unveiled, but the recent publicity accorded to Confederate monuments has led to considerations by historians, city leaders, and the public regarding recontextualization of Confederate monuments.
Recontextualization of the monuments should not only consider the city’s current constituency, but also the lives, testimonies, and representations of Richmond’s African- American residents as the monuments were built. A comparative case study of photographs from various institutional archives in Richmond, Virginia, depicting late- nineteenth and early twentieth-century scenes from the city’s history reveals that while Monument Avenue and its Confederate celebrations benefitted the city’s upper-class white constituency, its messages extended far beyond Richmond and its Confederate veterans. By bringing to light images and testimonies from the archive that highlight African-American presence, a counter-narrative emerges detailing the construction of power in post-Reconstruction Richmond through Monument Avenue.
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Withers, Elizabeth Melissa. "Black/White Health Disparities in the U.S. The Effect of Education over the Life-Course." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/42.
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In the United States there exists a clear and disconcerting racial disparity in the distribution of good health, which can be seen in differential levels of morbidity and mortality affecting blacks and whites. Previous research has examined the role of SES in shaping racial health disparities and recent studies have looked specifically at the effect of education on health to explain the racial disparity in health. Higher levels of education are robustly associated with good overall health for both blacks and whites and this association has been examined over the life-course. This research explores racial differences in the effect of education on health in general as well as over the life-course. Specifically, this paper examines race differences in the effects of education on health over the life-course. Pooled data from the National Health Interview Survey were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression to estimate the effects of race, education and age on health. The results of these analyses indicate that blacks receive lower education returns on their health than whites. The effect of education on health was shown to grow in the beginning of the life-course and diminish at the end of the life course in accordance with the mortality-as-leveler hypothesis. The black white health disparity was shown to grow over the life-course among the highly educated, whereas the disparity was consistent over the life-course for the poorly educated.
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Mabotja, Mpheta Samuel. "An evaluation of the integration of the 'white' town of Pietersburg and the 'black' township of Seshego after the local government elections of 1995." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52105.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The emergence of urban systems in South Africa was from the start shaped by racial bias. The black people of this country were refused any form of participation in town planning. To aggravate the situation, urban space was manipulated in a manner that each racial group had its own residential space. The manipulation of urban space gave rise to what is called "the Apartheid City." This "Apartheid city" is characterised by stark contrast in development between a well-serviced, first world town lying side by side with underserviced third world townships. The "Apartheid City" of Pietersburg-Seshego has been undergoing restructuring since 1990. The Local Government Transitional Act (LGTA) has served as an intervention whereby the two formerly unequal areas had to integrate and become one city. The central aim of this study is to evaluate, by using a series of indicators, the integration level that has been achieved since 1995, i.e. since the first local government elections. The study will focus on three key areas to reflect the level of integration, namely, land use patterns, ward demarcation, and integration of personnel. The main conclusion is that though one council has been formed where there were previously two, spatial inequalities and racially-based ward demarcations between the former Pietersburg town and the former Seshego township persist. On the other hand, personnel drawn from the administrations of former white Pietersburg and former Lebowa civil service has not been fully integrated. The former Pietersburg municipality personnel is still white male dominated in both senior and middle management levels while the former Lebowa personnel is black male dominated found in the lowest levels of the TLC structure.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ontstaan van metropolitaanse sisteme in Suid Arfika was nog altyd gekenmerk deur rasse bevooroordeling. Die swart bevolking van Suid Afrika was nog altyd in die verlede uitgesluit van deelname aan stadsbeplanning. Om die situasie nog te vererger, was metropolitaanse areas op so 'n wyse gemanipuleer, dat groepe van verskillende rasse elk hul eie residensiële allokasie gehad het. Hierdie manipulasie van metropolitaanse areas het die ontstaan van die "apartheidstad" tot gevolg gehad. Hierdie "apartheidstad" word gekenmerk deur 'n skerp kontras in ontwikkeling tussen 'n goed voorsiene eerste wêreld deel aan die een kant en 'n swak voorsiene derde wêreld deel aan die ander kant. Die "apartheidstad" van Pietersburg - Seshego het sedert 1990 herstrukturering ondergaan, Die "Plaaslike Owerheidsoorgangs Wet" het gedien as 'n middelom twee histories ongelyke areas te integreer om een stad te vorm. Die doelwit van hierdie studie is om die vlak van integrasie sedert 1995 te evalueer deur gebruik te maak van sekere indikatore. Die studie fokus op drie aspekte wat die vlak van integrasie weerspieël naamlik grondgebruikspatrone, wykafbakening en personeel integrering. Die belangrikste gevolge is dat daar nou een plaaslike raad is waar daar voorheen twee was terwyl ruimtelike ongelykhede en ras gebaseerde wyksafbakening nog steeds plaasvind tussen Pietersburg en die vorige Seshego nedersetting. Die nuwe personeelstruktuur - wat bestaan hoofsaaklik uit voormalige wit lede van die Pietersburg raad en hoofsaaklik swart lede van die voormalige Lebowa staatsdiens - is nog nie ten volle geintegreerd nie. Die personeel van die Pietersburg Munisipaliteit is nog steeds oorwegend wit en manlik gedomineerd in beide die middel en senior bestuursposte en die Lebowa personeel is hoofsaaklik swart en manlik gedomineerd in die laer pos bekleding in die struktuur van die nuwe plaaslike regeringstruktuur.
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Pamplin, John Richard. "Explaining the Black-White Depression Paradox: understanding the role – and limits – of social stress theory." Thesis, 2020. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-w84k-kb59.
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According to large nationally-representative epidemiologic surveys, Black individuals in the U.S. experience a lesser or equal prevalence of DSM diagnosed major depression, relative to White individuals, despite experiencing greater exposure to major life stressors, a known cause of major depression. This finding, often referred to as the Black-White Depression Paradox, has been the subject of many studies; however, the drivers of the phenomenon remain unknown. The objective of this dissertation is to advance understanding of the explanatory mechanisms that produce the paradox, through critical examination of existing evidence and empirical assessment of untested hypotheses.
This dissertation is divided into five chapters, the first of which is an introduction to the dissertation. The second chapter is a critical review of extant evidence for existing hypothesized explanatory mechanisms for the depression paradox. Chapters 3 and 4 are both empirical analyses using data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III. Chapter 3 tests two possible causal structures for the relationships between race, life stressor exposure, and depression that would be consistent with observed racial patterns of depression, an effect modification causal structure that would suggest that the paradox is caused by racial patterns in life stressor coping, and an inconsistent mediation causal structure, which would suggest that the paradox is produced by Black individuals having a reduced baseline risk of depression, independent of their life stressor exposure. Chapter 4 subsequently assesses whether religiosity could produce the paradox by being an explanatory mechanism for the causal structure best supported in Chapter 3. The dissertation ends with Chapter 5, which summarizes the results of the dissertation, and situates the findings within the broader psychiatric epidemiologic literature.
The critical review found that many hypothesized mechanisms had been posited, but none of the mechanisms that had been sufficiently empirically tested had robust, compelling evidence. However, one hypothesized mechanism in particular, religiosity, has been posited frequently as a potential explanation for the paradox, has compelling indirect support, but has yet to be sufficiently empirically tested. Chapter 3 failed to find support for an effect modification causal structure for the relationships between race, life stressor exposure, and depression. However, the findings did support an inconsistent mediation causal structure, whereby the effect of Black race not mediated by life stressor exposure was protective of depression, and was stronger than the deleterious effect mediated by life stressor exposure. This finding suggests that the pathways to depression that are salient for the paradox are those operating independent of life stressor exposure. However, Chapter 4 failed to find support for religiosity operating as a mediating mechanism for this salient, life-stressor independent pathway.
Results of these studies suggest the need to develop and empirically test novel hypothesized explanatory mechanisms for the paradox, specifically mechanisms that would explain a lower baseline risk of depression for Black individuals, independent of their life stressor exposure.
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Vincent, Sarah M. "The Body Images of Black and White Women at an Urban University." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1010.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2007.Title from screen (viewed on June 11, 2007) Department of Sociology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-72)
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Wambugu, Jacob Ngunyi. "Race, gender and intelligence : a comparative study of Black, White and Indian students' lay theories of intelligence." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1896.
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This study investigated Black, White, and Indian South African university students' lay theories of intelligence. 260 students participated in this study, with an age range of 18 - 39 years. The study, which is based on the theory of multiple intelligences, explored everyday perceptions of intelligence across race groups in a South African setting. The independent variables of interest were race/culture and gender, while overall and multiple intelligences served as dependent variables. Participants were asked to rate their own overall (general) as well as multiple intelligences. They were then asked to rate the overall as well as multiple intelligences of in-group (same race) and out-group (different race) members of both genders. There was a statistically significant race effect, with White and Indian students giving Black students lower ratings and Black students in turn giving White and Indian students lower ratings. This may be a result of historically racialized discourses that still influence everyday perceptions of the 'Other'. There was a statistically significant gender effect with females giving higher estimates to not only themselves, but also to mates as well for all the multiple intelligences. It can be postulated that this may be a consequence of a population that has been sensitized to gender stereotyping, in addition to educational institutions promoting female friendly policies.Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.
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Lo, Castro Ann-Marie. "Aspects of physical appearance and clothing behaviour." Diss., 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17220.
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The literature survey reports that persons electing cosmetic plastic surgery for aesthetic or medical reasons, or those persons not electing any form of surgery, often experience physical, psychological and socio-cultural problems. The complexity among the associated variables, body images, identity status, fashionable clothing behaviour and social self-consciousness were investigated comparatively, using a biopsychosocial approach.
The samples consisted of cosmetic surgery patients (n=25), Black and White female fashion participants (n=60) and breast oncology case studies (n=3). The research methods included descriptive and inferential statistics. A maximum of six questionnaires was administered per individual. The results indicated that a positive body image perception was related to identity integrity, fashionable dressing and a sense of social acceptance. Insight into the importance placed on the body as a means of self-expression can contribute to successful cosmetic and breast oncology surgery and also promote intercultural harmony, by reducing body-based prejudice.Psychology
M.A. (Psychology)
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Mashabela, James Kenokeno. "Dr Manas Buthelezi's contribution to Evangelical Lutheran Church in Southern Africa's struggle against apartheid in South Africa, 1970s-1990s." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18844.
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This academic study provides a historical background to the unsung hero Dr. Manas Buthelezi. He is amongst many such heroes who contributed enormously to the liberation of South Africa. Buthelezi fought against apartheid by promoting human liberation and rights; just like other circle unrecognized of heroes who were interested in combating the agonies caused by the apartheid system. This academic study presents the work of Buthelezi in the South African political, socio-economic, cultural and ecumenical effort at combating the apartheid policies. The history of Buthelezi‟s contribution can be deliberated in relation to the South African political and socio-economic dimensions. Church history is an alternative engagement to the social struggles hence a church leader like Buthelezi had to participate in the public arena. Not really; the focus is more on issues within the current ELCSA.
Broader historical evidence is considered on the theoretical writings in the field of church history. The analytical aim of the study develops how the struggles internal to the church and the understanding of struggle for liberation in South Africa. The study highlights the history of Lutheranism in South Africa as the background of creating an understanding of this research. The findings of the study are that although the Lutherans were fighting against apartheid system in South Africa they were divided on racial identify between the white and the black. This was also operational in the church in South Africa as well. The church in South Africa was theologically challenged around issues of struggle and liberation. The white community was part of the apartheid government aimed as its interests to benefit from the dominant values of racial connections. The dominant apartheid government oppressed the black community through racial discrimination. Study shows how Buthelezi and other theologians critiqued both the church and the state to resistant apartheid that was operational in the church and the society.
The study investigates his contribution in this respect. It will be necessary to look at what happened historically in apartheid and Black Theology. The intention of this study is to investigate how Bishop Dr. Manas Buthelezi in South Africa was involved and committed in the struggle against apartheid. I would like to analyse and reflect on his contribution and writing during apartheid, as this has not yet been researched. Buthelezi served the Lutheran Church and the South African Council of Churches (SACC) as its president, from where he viewed apartheid ideology and practice as contradictory to the Word of God and human wholeness of life.
One cannot research Buthelezi without considering his Church where I will explore the ordained ministry and the „lay‟ ministry. Questions on teaching, training and service offered by the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Southern Africa (ELCSA) raise serious matters about its present and future.
In the conclusion, I provide an analysis of the problems outlined and make recommendations which can be considered to be alternatives to challenges that face our South African context and that of the church. My recommendations are opened to everyone, to engage each other to furnish alternative solutions to the problems that face the church and the South African context.Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology
M. Th. (Church History)
Books on the topic "Social aspects of Black-and-white photography"
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Monochrome Memories: Nostalgia and Style in Retro America. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 2002.
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Aspects of expression: Exploring the art & craft of monochrome photography. London: Argentum, 2008.
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Television in black-and-white America: Race and national identity. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2005.
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Richards, Harvey. Critical focus: [the black and white photographs of Harvey Wilson Richards]. Oakland, Calif: Estuary Press, 1986.
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Richards, Harvey Wilson. Critical focus: The black and white photographs of Harvey Wilson Richards. Oakland, CA: Estuary Press, 1986.
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Black brain, white brain: Race, racism and racial science. Johannesburg: Jonathan Ball Publishers, 2014.
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Ainley, Beulah. Black journalists, white media. Stoke on Trent, England: Trentham Books, 1998.
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Figlio, David N. Names, expectations, and the black-white test score gap. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.
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Figlio, David N. Names, expectations and the Black-White test score gap. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.
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Language and interracial communication in the U.S.: Speaking in black and white. New York: Peter Lang, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Social aspects of Black-and-white photography"
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"Black object, white subject." In Photography and Surrealism: Sexuality, Colonialism and Social Dissent. I.B.Tauris, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780755604715.ch-006.
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Gay Jr, Leslie C. "Shadows of Black and White." In Audible Infrastructures, 178–206. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190932633.003.0009.
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This chapter considers the role of seen and unseen infrastructures in the material transmission and circulation of May Irwin’s (1862–1938) famous “Frog Song.” Just as ontologies of music shift in our digital era, the chapter peels back the hazy ontological histories of this song—as material commodity, technology, and memory—to consider its ramifications as a musical object replete with racial and social meanings. The argument developed here brings together aspects of the “hard” infrastructures of song sheet publishing, paper, and lithography, on the one hand, and the “soft” infrastructures of race, body, and memory, on the other. More specifically, the material resources of the song’s production—in printed page, body, and recorded sound—illuminate the shadowy histories of this song and emphasize how these materials reconfigure shifting notions of gender and race across cultural and historical boundaries into the twenty-first century.
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Hunt, Matthew O., and Ashley V. Reichelmann. "Racial Identity and Racial Attitudes Among White Americans." In Identities in Everyday Life, 217–38. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190873066.003.0011.
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This chapter explores how five dimensions of white racial identity are associated with one another and with white Americans’ racial attitudes. Drawing on data from the 2014 General Social Survey Identity Module, we first examine the relationships among five aspects of whites’ racial identities: prominence, salience, private self-regard, public self-regard, and verification. We then examine the implications of these aspects of racial identity for whites’ reported and preferred distance from, stereotypes about, and support for policies designed to benefit black Americans. In so doing, we contribute to the long-standing identity theory project of demonstrating how identities shape other elements of social life, including the construction and maintenance of social inequalities. We also contribute to the growing research literature on “whiteness” and its implications for intergroup relations in the United States.
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Garcia-Hallett, Janet, and Kashea P. Kovacs. "The Promise of Unpacking the Black/White Dichotomy for Reentry Research." In Beyond Recidivism, 135–50. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479862726.003.0007.
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Scholars have extensively examined prisoner reentry, spanning across various aspects of post-incarceration life and exploring the intersections of gender, class, and race. In fact, racial background has increasingly appeared as a central focus in reentry research, accounting for the impact of social-structural factors on the reintegration of black individuals. Yet, less attention is given to divergent experiences across ethnicities—creating a black/white dichotomy in reentry research. This chapter reviews how large racial classifications may have negative consequences on providing adequate assistance to all formerly incarcerated individuals and on addressing unique reentry issues they encounter across ethnic groups and subgroups. This chapter argues that unpacking the black/white dichotomy is a promising approach to expand knowledge of prisoner reentry and enhance programmatic efforts to support reintegration.
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Matthews, Scott L. "Race, Region, and Resistance." In Capturing the South, 18–67. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469646459.003.0002.
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This chapter examines the documentary work of UNC sociologist Howard Odum. It demonstrates how Odum harnessed new fieldwork methodologies and technologies such as the graphophone and phonophotography, along with the modern research university, to document black culture in the South. Odum called the products of his documentary fieldwork, community and folk background studies. His early studies from the 1900s grew out of graduate work with the twentieth century’s premier social scientists, G. Stanley Hall and Franklin Giddings. During this time, Odum’s documentary work fit into a broader Progressive reform impulse that sought solve the era’s race problems in the name of enlightened white supremacy. The second half of the chapter examines Odum’s folk song fieldwork and studies from the 1920s, including his books, The Negro and His Songs and Negro Workaday Songs. It also highlights his collaboration with psychologist Milton Metfessel and their use of film and photography to document black folk music. This chapter also emphasizes the resistance Odum faced from some black people during his fieldwork and how black writers like W.E.B. Du Bois and Zora Neale Hurston challenged his images of black southerners.
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Sprull, Nakiesha Melvin, and Cristy B. Starling. "After the Storm." In Navigating Post-Doctoral Career Placement, Research, and Professionalism, 53–74. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5065-6.ch003.
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This chapter describes the experiences of two Black women that have earned doctoral degrees from predominately white institutions, through their narratives. The authors described their experiences using the metaphorical backdrop of a storm. The beginning of their doctoral program represents the calm before the storm. Their experiences within their doctoral program symbolize the authors' movement through the eye of the storm. Finally, the description of the aftermath of the storm symbolizes their post-doctoral journey. They use Tinto's student integrations model as the lens to view their narratives. They describe their institutional experiences by elaborating on their goal and institutional commitments, and their academic and social systems. One of the social aspects of the institutional experience that helped them successfully navigate their doctoral program was inclusion in the Brown Gurlz. The Brown Gurlz is a group of Black women who need a space and place to collaborate and share experiences to benefit all that are in the group.
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Clarke, Colin. "Plural StratiWcation: Colour-Class and Culture." In Decolonizing the Colonial City. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199269815.003.0012.
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Urbanization in Kingston since independence, as the previous chapter demonstrated, has placed a very heavy burden on the already disadvantaged lower class. This burden is expressed in their dependence on the informal sector of employment, high rates of unemployment, rental of high-density accommodation (or outright squatting), shared access to toilet facilities, and lack of piped-water connections in the tenements—all these problematic characteristics piling up in the downtown areas—quintessentially in West Kingston. There is clearly a stratification of living conditions ranging from affluence in the uptown suburbs via a modicum of comfort in the middle zone around Half Way Tree and Cross Roads to outright deprivation in the downtown neighbourhoods. It was argued in the previous chapter that this stratification of living conditions is underpinned by class-differentiated neighbourhoods; as this chapter will show, these circumstances mesh with—and reinforce—colour-class stratification and cultural pluralism, or what I have called plural stratification (to distinguish it from class stratification alone). After the Second World War, it became the conventional wisdom among Caribbean social scientists (of local birth) to depict Jamaica—and the Windward and Leeward Islands—as colour-class stratifications. This had the advantage of linking these Caribbean stratifications to occupational/class systems in the US and Europe, while pointing to a colonial history of colour differentiation, which shadowed class and reinforced it. So, the upper class was white or pass-as-white, the middle class brown and black, and the lower class black with some brown (Henriques 1953: 42). A number of racially or ethnically distinct groups originally fell outside this colour-class stratification, but had, over time, been accommodated within it: Jews were absorbed into the upper class, as were the Syrian professionals; Chinese, the remaining Syrians, and a few East Indians were middle class; the majority of East Indians were lower class. Two further aspects of colour-class need underlining. There was a tendency for its advocates to regard class as unproblematic and consensual, as in the American tradition of social analysis (Parsons 1952). In short, the whole colour-class system was dependent upon the almost complete acceptance by each group of the superiority of the white, and the inferiority of the black (Henriques 1953).
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Evans, David. "Charley Patton: The Conscience of the Delta." In Charley Patton, 23–138. University Press of Mississippi, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496816139.003.0003.
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This chapter highlights certain aspects of Charley Patton's life and personality to provide a better understanding of the social context of his life and music. It is based largely on the internal evidence in Patton's songs that contain biographical details and allusions and on interviews with his relatives and associates, particularly his sister Viola Cannon, his niece Bessie Turner, his nephew Tom Cannon, two of his children, and Tom Rushing, a figure in one of his songs. Patton was the first recorded black folk artist to sing about local public events and about white people whom he knew. Indeed, his very existence was a bold challenge to the status quo in the Delta that was designed to keep him oppressed, to keep him from being a “great man.” Charley Patton knew his own greatness and was proud of it.
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Phoenix, Ann. "Changing Lives in Unanticipated Ways?" In Stories Changing Lives, 57–74. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190864750.003.0004.
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This chapter analyzes two interviews that come from a study concerned with the ways in which adults from three different family backgrounds re-evaluate their earlier experiences of growing up in visibly ethnically different households. Both examples are from adults who are of mixed black-white parentage. The chapter considers the ways in which the two accounts are inextricably linked with the participants’ racialized, gendered positioning and commitments, which are ethically entangled in their narratives. The “small stories” that both participants produced in their narrative construction of their identities as well as their “bigger” life stories produced tensions amongst the research team that were irreconcilable because the researchers were positioned differently and orienting to different aspects of the narratives. The narratives were powerful and produced different possibilities for social change in the researchers, sometimes in ways that posed difficult challenges to their worldviews.
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"Cousin that’s not what you told me." In Stirring the Pot of Haitian History, edited by Mariana Past and Benjamin Hebblethwaite, 119–70. Liverpool University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781800859678.003.0007.
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This final chapter opens with Toussaint Louverture in Santo Domingo in 1802, preoccupied with the possibility of a new French invasion. In February, General Leclerc invaded Cape Haitian in the north; Toussaint was captured by French troops and taken to France as prisoner. Although his demise occurred for various reasons, most problematic are the tactics he embraced during the period of 1793-1799, wherein he neglected the interests of the former enslaved people and instead allied himself with the upper class and military interests. The rallying cry of “freedom for all” for the population of the former French colony did not imply that formerly enslaved masses could enjoy autonomy or freely cultivate edible crops on their own properties. While not all rebel leaders fit into the same social category, they did have different interests than the former slaves. Trouillot reminds readers that a true revolution produces profound social changes, inverting the old social order; and thus formerly-enslaved people should have all become property owners. However, the competing revolutionary leaders (including Rigaud, Beauvais, and Toussaint) stunted this possibility, neglecting the needs of the poor majority. It was chiefly the economic aspect of independence that divided Toussaint from the masses. After taking control of the former colony, Toussaint imposed import and export taxes that benefited European countries and the United States instead of Haitians; U.S.-built warehouses popped up on the capital’s wharf, and Saint-Domingue remained economically dependent. The former slaves benefited in no way from growing the sugar, coffee or cotton that they were required to produce during Toussaint’s reign; they were punished for planting food crops. Worse still, Toussaint required that the ex-slaves “respect” the integrity of former plantations by staying and working on them, while he distributed free land to rebel officers. The idea of “freedom” thus lost its resonance amongst the masses. Although members of the State of Saint-Domingue and the ruling class gained economically, it was at the expense of the former enslaved workers. From this point, the behavior of the Haitian State was that of sitting heavily upon the new nation, since their economic and political interests were at odds with one another. A host of contradictions emerged: Dependence/ Independence, Plantations/Small Farms, Commodity/Food crops, White/Black, Mulatto/Black, Mulatto/White, Catholic/Vodou, and French/Creole. Although the Constitution of 1801 abolished slavery and supposedly “guaranteed freedom” to all, it reinforced these fundamental contradictions. The “Moyse Affair” in late 1801 illustrates Trouillot’s understanding of Toussaint’s betrayal of the Haitian people. Moyse, Toussaint’s adopted nephew, had populist political ideas that attracted the black masses. Fearing his potentially subversive ambitions, Toussaint had Moyse judged by a military commission that included Christophe, Vernet, and Pageaux. Moyse was condemned to death and executed, effectively crushing the interests of the masses. Throughout the Revolution Toussaint maintained power by crafting coalitions amongst a wide variety of social classes and competing interests. The dominance of the new military class was a social contradiction that had to be masked, and Toussaint’s actions showed a will to conceal it. Aspects of this problematic behavior and ideology have reappeared in Haiti under Dessalines, Christophe, Salomon, Estimé, Duvalier and others. Official discourse is grounded in several central notions that are easily manipulated by Haitian leaders: first, the notion of “family,” allowing the concealed dominance of one group and the privileging the organized Catholic religion; second, the idea that Haitians should “respect property”; and, the myth of nèg kapab (“capable people”) who possess an inherent right to govern and oppress the people. The political concept of “family,” common throughout Africa and countries with African descendants, was employed by Toussaint as a form of social control: throughout the revolution Toussaint refers to the new Haitian society as a family in order to advance his own “paternal” political objectives and conceal its many contradictions. The state—which his ideology came to epitomize—began to take advantage of the people; it was akin to a vèvè, a matrix holding society together, and a Gordian knot, where complex and twisted socio-economic contradictions favoring a certain class were inscribed. Although Toussaint was kidnapped by the invasion of Leclerc in 1802, this motivated the Haitian masses to stand up and fight for independence from France, which ultimately led to freedom. Thus, living up to the surname of “Louverture” that was given him, Toussaint indeed opened the barrier to independence and warrants appreciation for that. When one revisits the ideology of Toussaint Louverture, and concurrently that of the state of Saint-Domingue, one must not forget that, in spite of all its weaknesses, libèté jénéral (“freedom for all”, or “universal freedom” in today’s terms) was originally a powerful unifying factor, which merits recognition: it helped Toussaint’s troops defeat the British, crush Hédouville, etc. Toussaint was betrayed by plantation owners and French and American commissioners alike, and he always maintained some faith in France, even if the masses did not. Trouillot implies that Toussaint understood the direction in which he wanted to go, but he got lost on the way. To his credit, Toussaint’s experience demonstrated that liberty without political independence was a senseless notion, and others (such as Dessalines) were able to break with his approach and capitalize on this lesson. The book closes with Grinn Prominnin declaring that he is exhausted and that everyone must return to discuss the situation tomorrow to reach a conclusion. The scene remains peaceful, the people complacent. Trouillot suggests that, more than 170 years after the revolution, the task of bringing about real social change in Haiti—and seeing the ambitions of the Revolution fulfilled—remains starkly inert. Readers easily infer that Haiti’s stagnant socio-economic and political situation (in 1977) is due not only to the as yet unfulfilled promises of the Revolution and War for Independence, but also to the escalating damages wreaked upon the Haitian nation by the Duvalier regime and its manipulative cronyism coupled with its totalitarian indigenist ideology.