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Journal articles on the topic 'Social aspects of Chinese language'
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1
Akhmetbek, G., and A. Kumashkyzy. "STUDY OF THE PRAGMATICS OF CHINESE INTERNET LANGUAGE AND SLANG IN SOCIAL NETWORKS." Bulletin of the Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University 58, no. 3 (2021): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.52081/bkaku.2021.v58.i3.083.
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The Internet provides a space for network users to communicate freely. The desire of network users to express their thoughts, imagination and self-knowledge is reflected in the slang on the Internet and social networks. The language of the Internet appeared as a product of the network, formed its own characteristics in the process of use and acquired its own pragmatic function. These qualities have made it an important tool of modern communication and a cultural carrier.The pragmatic approach to the recipient of information is an important function of any language communication. Although the root of Chinese Internet slang comes from Chinese, it gives a completely different meaning and character as a network language than literal, which requires a pragmatic study to understand. From the point of view of the speaker and the listener, people's speech actions are considered as social behavior governed by various social conditions. It is aimed at explaining that the use of special words in a particular environment can determine the meaning of the text, affect all aspects, and thus determine the pragmatic rules. Before using a slang word, any network user should pay attention to its meaning, as it can also have a negative connotation.
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Duff, Patricia A., Tim Anderson, Liam Doherty, and Rachel Wang. "Representations of Chinese Language Learning in Contemporary English-language News Media: Hope, Hype, and Fear." Global Chinese 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 139–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/glochi-2015-1006.
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Abstract The growing body of research on Chinese as an international (or “global”) language examines linguistic, psycholinguistic, social-psychological, and orthographic aspects of acquisition primarily. There has been relatively little critical discussion or analysis of the larger social context and discourses in which Chinese language education is embedded. However, recently sociocultural, discursive, and critical aspects of the teaching, learning, and use of Chinese as an additional language have begun to receive more attention. This study analyzes circulating discourses, ideologies, and tropes related to Chinese in news media, as one means by which information and perspectives are spread by media and by which public attitudes and policy decisions are (recursively) shaped or reproduced. To this end, a large sample of English-medium news reports of Chinese language education in three Anglophone countries was created and analyzed for the years 2004 to 2012. The findings revealed that reports dealing with Chinese education tended to fall into one of several major tropes, which we have roughly classified as “hope,” “hype,” and “fear,” distinctions that parallel existing models of cyclical or amplified media coverage of innovations or otherwise newsworthy events. The sociopolitically and socioeconomically motivated occurrence of these tropes in the media, combined with the novelty of the Chinese language itself, a historically less frequently taught language in comparison with various European languages, constituted a consistent and recurring narrative. Thus, the shifting representations of Chinese learning in the media tended to appear as corollaries or “side stories” servicing the needs of larger geopolitical events and perceived or desired changes in public sentiment. These trends and their significance are illustrated and discussed in relation to Global Chinese.
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Chen, Xuesong. "Comparative features of Russian and Chinese paremiological texts in linguistic and cultural aspects." Litera, no. 6 (June 2022): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2022.6.38093.
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The subject of the research is the specificity of the implementation of Russian and Chinese paremiological texts in the language picture of the world (which is conditioned by the national and linguocultural peculiarities of the Russian and Chinese languages). The object of the research is Russian and Chinese paremias as a reflection of the linguocultural dominants of Russia and China. The author examines in detail the aspects of the perception of paremiological texts in Russian and Chinese in a comparative aspect. Author reveals the concept of paremiological texts as a representation of the stereotypes of national consciousness, reflecting the accumulated experience, history, features of thinking and perception of the world. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of paremias in the context of socio-historical knowledge, material and spiritual culture, thinking of the Russian and Chinese peoples. The main conclusions of the study are: definition of paremias as significant elements of the language, reflecting the national cultural code; establishing a connection between paremiological texts and cultural and behavioral attitudes, creative and cognitive activities, as well as philosophy, etc. The author's special contribution to the study of the topic is to identify the features of Russian and Chinese paremias: in particular, it is noted that Russian paremias are conditioned by their attachment to everyday life, everyday observations; Chinese – associated with philosophy, allegorical understanding of social and everyday phenomena. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time in the framework of identifying the specifics of Russian and Chinese paremias in the language picture of the world, a number of little-studied concepts were considered. These concepts determine the features of the representation of national and linguocultural dominants of Russia and China.
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Cha, Si. "An Investigation of Pragmatic Failures in Communication for Chinese Beginners." BCP Business & Management 20 (June 28, 2022): 596–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v20i.1037.
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As Chinese language is increasingly becoming the medium for intercultural communication, Chinese norms and rules when it comes to interaction are significant aspects when learning Chinese. Little studies have examined pragmatic aspects of Chinese learning to understand some of the common failures. To bridge this gap, this study aims to understand the commonalities of pragmatic failures of Chinese beginners with English as their native language. Findings suggest that the pragmatic error rate among Chinese beginners is relatively high in the social field. Additionally, pragmatic failures in communication occur in Euphemism, Command indications and Negative implications more frequently. This means that for beginners of Chinese, pragmatics is more difficult to understand, grasp and acquire. To enable Chinese beginners to be in a position to master pragmatics in language learning, this study has identified the main sources of pragmatic failures and given several recommendations that are useful in learning Chinese language. Among pragmatic failures include the characteristics of pragmatic acquisition, cultural differences, negative pragmatic transfer, and lack of opportunities for practical training. The recommendations have been given in terms of teaching level and learning level.
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Feng, Zongxin. "Foreign Language/Literature as Human and Social Sciences in the Chinese Context." European Review 24, no. 2 (April 18, 2016): 335–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798715000678.
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Globalization has accelerated international and intercultural exchange in almost all aspects of life and every discipline of study has to take a global perspective for its development. This paper discusses some current issues in China’s ‘foreign language/literature’ sector, at the tertiary level of human and social sciences, and it does so in terms of localized concepts and diverse fields of study, administrative intervention, institutional organization, professional recognition, academic dilemmas, and problems and prospects of development in view of the international context of sociocultural globalization.
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Moradi, Hamzeh, and Jianbo Chen. "Attitude-Behavior Relation and Language Use: Chinese-English Code-Switching and Code-Mixing Among Chinese Undergraduate Students." SAGE Open 12, no. 4 (October 2022): 215824402211422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440221142287.
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The socio-psychological variables that affect bilinguals’ choices of code-switching (CS) and code-mixing (CM) as a verbal strategy make prediction of their occurrence almost impossible. This research investigates the social motivations and socio-pragmatic aspects of Chinese-English CS/CM among Chinese undergraduate students. Using a questionnaire survey and interviews, the paper investigates attitude-behavior relations by considering patterns of language use and CS/CM patterns between Chinese and English in this group. The results demonstrate that the participants’ highly positive attitudes toward English and the CS/CM process play a major role in CS/CM use in their daily interactions. Chinese-English bilingual students draw on their proficiency and knowledge of the two language systems to precisely and effectively convey their thoughts, intentions, experiences, solidarity, emphasis, and other aspects that affect interaction outcomes.
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Zhou, Lianying. "A Review of the Research on the Development and Evolution of Chinese Language in the New Era." International Journal of Social Science Studies 10, no. 4 (July 8, 2022): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v10i4.5632.
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The development of language is influenced by various factors including internal ones and external ones due to its social nature. With the in-depth development of globalization, the development of languages in the new era shows many new features, among which the most obvious is that they are more open and interactive. At the same time, it has also attracted much attention of the academic circles, and the theories of language development are abundant. This paper first defines language variation, and mainly combs the relevant achievements of language development research in contemporary from three aspects: language contact, grammaticalization and memetics.
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Botha, Werner. "The use of English in the social network of a student in South China." English Today 33, no. 4 (June 20, 2017): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078417000190.
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Many Chinese university students are bilingual or multilingual, increasingly switching between various Chinese language varieties and the English language (Bolton, 2013; Botha, 2014, Bolton & Botha, 2015). Bolton and Botha (2015) reported that undergraduate students at a national university in China used English for a range of social activities including ‘reading’, ‘Internet searches’, ‘online socialising’ and ‘socializing with friends’, among others. There is a need to investigate the extent to which these students actually use English in these contexts, especially in the productive use of the English language in their social lives. In examining such practices, the following questions are addressed in this article: (i) How is the English language used in the personal life of a student in Southern China; (ii) What are some of the functions of spoken and written English-Chinese code-mixing and switching between members of this student's social network; and (iii) What kind of social information is conveyed through the use of English in this student's social network? In order to examine the sociolinguistic reality of language use by these students, this article explores some of the social dynamics underlying the emerging use of English-Chinese code-switching and mixing within a particular social network: that of ‘Natalie’, a Chinese university student who speaks Putonghua (Mandarin, as a first language) and members within her social network, conversing within a range of modalities. This case study focuses in particular on the use of English-Chinese code-switching and mixing practices, and the extent to which these communicative practices are shaped by various social factors, ranging from the status of English as a perceived ‘international’ language, to aspects of stance and the affective quality of the relationships between members in this social network, to the intertextual nature of many of the linguistic instances to these practices.
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Liu, Donghong, and Jing Huang. "Rhetoric Construction of Chinese Expository Essays: Implications for EFL Composition Instruction." SAGE Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): 215824402098851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020988518.
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Recent scholarship on Chinese students’ English expository essays tends to blur or mitigate the differences between English and Chinese writings. This alleged convergence of English and Chinese rhetorical norms gives rise to a view that rhetorical aspects in second language writing instruction and research in China should be de-emphasized. Drawing on data from full-score Chinese compositions of College Entrance Examination, this study examines how Chinese expository paragraphs are developed. Results show great disparities between English and Chinese expository writing at paragraph level such as non-English rhetorical mode, reliance on authorities, rhetorical paragraph, and figurative language in topic sentence. We argue that Chinese rhetorical strategies are likely to be transferred to English writing if English rhetoric is not taught and reinforced in college.
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YOON, Changjoon. "A Study on Chinese Shape Taking Methods Reflected on the Character Making Process: Focusing on Major Nature Gods." International Journal of Culture and History 7, no. 1 (June 19, 2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijch.v7i1.17088.
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'Letters record a language' means that letters, in specific forms, represent particular meaning and sounds differentiated from others. Because one language reflects its people's way of thinking, letters also include those thinking as a sign of that language. Especially from the very beginning, Chinese characters were devised to take the shapes that represent meaning of languages rather than the signals that indicate pronunciation, therefore the shapes of Chinese characters, especially that of the ancient pictographs, can be treated directly as very precious historical data, also can be said exactly reflect social aspects of the times.But in some cases, meaning of language did not have specific shapes that represent exact meaning, so people in Shang Dynasty have to develop the system of taking shapes that represent abstract meaning.To search for this, this research made consideration on the taking shapes system of Chinese character based on the findings through the analysis of oracle-bones letters and oracle-bone inscriptions regarding The God of Nature, especially The God of dragon, wind, rainbow, sun.
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He, Lin, Rong Chen, and Ming Dong. "‘Leftover women’: A sociolinguistic study of gender bias in Chinese." Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 58, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 477–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psicl-2022-0022.
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Abstract This study is an investigation of a newly-created Chinese lexeme shengnü ‘leftover women’, referring to single women beyond the socially expected marrying age. Data from an online survey of 416 respondents reveals the various aspects of gender bias against women as seen in the coined term. They also provide evidence that gender bias is waning, as younger and female respondents are more likely to view shengnü as more offensive, to see the reasons for being ‘leftover’ as women’s desire for independence and freedom, and to identify society as the source of pressure for women to marry. Our study contributes to the field of sociolinguistics via its investigation of shengnü with other aspects of the Chinese language, by adopting a social media survey data gathering method – which offered us a sizable sample – and by being possibly the first empirical sociolinguistic study of gender bias via a detailed investigation of the various aspects of a particular lexeme in the Chinese language.
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Ye, Siqi, Haijiao Xue, and Yanling Zheng. "A Survey of Intercultural Adaptability for Foreign Students in Three Universities: Problems and Solutions." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 8, no. 6 (June 1, 2018): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0806.18.
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This paper aims to explore the existing problems and solutions of foreign students’ intercultural adaptability in three universities of university town in Chongqing from such aspects as campus cultural adaptation, material cultural adaptation, behavioral cultural adaption and Chinese traditional cultural adaption. By questionnaires, research group has found some major problems like, do not have an Chinese competence, unfamiliar with Chinese material culture, insensitive to Chongqing’s behavioral culture, unfamiliar with Chinese traditional and local culture. After analyzing those possible reasons, this paper provides some solutions: implementing the same management of foreign students as Chinese students, strengthening social supports, strengthening the communication with foreign students and fostering foreign students’ consciousness of Chinese traditional culture.
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Hu, Yueh-Luen, Amy Roberts, Gregory S. Ching, and Pei-Ching Chao. "Moderating Effects of Intercultural Social Efficacy and the Role of Language in the Context of Coping Strategies in Study Abroad Depression." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4 (February 19, 2022): 2409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042409.
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This study examined the relationship between intercultural social efficacy (ISE), coping strategies, Mandarin Chinese and English language proficiency, and depression. In total, 1870 foreign students in Taiwan participated in the study. Study results indicated that aspects of background demographics may influence depression levels. Participants with an immigrant background and those who are older are more likely to suffer from depression; however, gender and length of stay do not seem to affect depression. The moderating effects of Mandarin Chinese and English language proficiency and ISE on the relationship between coping strategies and depression were examined. Based on the results, the moderating role of Mandarin Chinese and English language proficiency was not supported, suggesting that coping strategies are independent of linguistic proficiency. However, knowing both languages is an important factor in reducing the stress of studying abroad. Additionally, the results confirmed the moderating effects of ISE, suggesting that a higher level of social effectiveness reinforces the negative association between coping strategies and depression. Students who are better able to interact with other cultures may be able to develop effective coping strategies. Moreover, this study found that although most of the study abroad students were not depressed, early intervention and prevention measures could help alleviate possible mental health crises.
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Yudytska, Jenia. "The Influence of Aspects of Social Identity on the Development of L2 Phonology." Lifespans and Styles 2, no. 2 (August 5, 2006): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ls.v2i2.2016.1611.
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Over time, second language (L2) speech production changes as the learner gains more experience with the language. Factors such as interaction with native speakers of the learner’s L2 are known to play an important role. It is less clear to what extent, if at all, aspects of social identity influence the development of the L2 (Hansen Edwards 2008:372– 373). This longitudinal study examines the development of the actor Jackie Chan’s L2 (English) phonology. His speech production in two time periods 9 years apart is contrasted: in 1998, before he gained success in the English-speaking world; and in 2007, after he had released multiple Hollywood blockbusters.To check that factors such as age of acquisition were not the only reason for a lack of alignment over time towards English native-speaker norms, another context was taken from 2007, namely, an interview with a French native speaker. In foreigner-directed speech, there exists a pressure to produce more standard variants (Zuengler 1991:234). If Chan uses fewer non-standard variants with a non-native English speaker than with a native English speaker, it would imply that there is some degree of intent in his usage of non-standard forms and that his development, or lack thereof, is not only due to uncontrollable factors of second language acquisition.Two variables are examined: his production of stops in word-final codas containing a single stop and in wordfinal consonant clusters containing a stop as the final consonant. Native speakers of English generally pronounce these stops, whereas native speakers of Chinese often simplify them by deleting or glottalising them (Setter et al. 2010:15, Hansen 2001:340).In 2007, Chan is found to use a greater rate of the standard non-simplified variant than previously; however, he also simplifies his pronunciation by deleting the stop in the codas more often than in 1998. He uses standard forms that align with English native speakers to a greater extent when talking to non-native speakers. After 9 years of working in Hollywood, he would have gained more experience with English due to his social network consisting of more English native speakers, resulting in the expected increased alignment with native-speaker norms. However, his English has developed so that the non-standard variant of deletion is also used to a greater extent; the usage of this variant emphasises Chan’s identity as a Chinese native speaker. This emphasis is possible because of his success in between the two time periods: not only does he no longer have to align as much as possible with English native speakers so as to appeal to the English-speaking market, his success as a specifically Chinese martial artist means that highlighting his identity as a Chinese native speaker has more linguistic capital. Thus, it seems that factors of an L2 learner’s social identity do indeed influence the acquisition and development of their L2.
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Wong, Kevin Zi-Hao, and Ying-Ying Tan. "Being Chinese in a global context: Linguistic constructions of Chinese ethnicity." Global Chinese 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/glochi-2017-0001.
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AbstractTo date, there has not been a large corpus of research looking at how different Chinese populations perceive language to be a part of their Chinese ethnicity. Even where this has been done, no attempts have been made to compare these perceptions across Chinese populations of different polities, to see if and how they differ. To fill this gap, this paper examines and compares the relationship between Mandarin-Chinese, “dialects”, and English, and the construction of Chinese ethnicity amongst Chinese Malaysians, Chinese Singaporeans, and Mainland Chinese. It does this through a questionnaire study employing 100 participants from each group, taking into account beliefs about the importance of these languages to the everyday experience of being Chinese, self-declared language proficiency, and self-declared language use. The results of the study suggest that “dialects” are becoming less important to Chinese ethnicity amongst all three groups, particularly amongst Chinese Singaporeans. Meanwhile, English is becoming more important amongst Chinese Malaysians and Chinese Singaporeans, once again particularly amongst the latter. While Chinese Malaysians continue to perceive Mandarin-Chinese as being the language most important to Chinese ethnicity, Chinese Singaporeans’ beliefs reflect English’s dominance over Mandarin-Chinese in nearly every aspect of everyday social life. These findings underscore how Chinese ethnicities in different parts of the world need to be understood on their own terms, and how language can be a vital clue as to how different Chinese ethnicities are constructed in the global context.
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Cheung, Yin Bun, Cynthia Goh, Joseph Wee, Kei Siong Khoo, and Julian Thumboo. "Measurement Properties of the Chinese Language Version of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General in a Singaporean Population." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 38, no. 3 (March 15, 2009): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v38n3p225.
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Introduction: Health-related quality of life is an important aspect of health outcome. The assessment of it must be done by validated instruments. There is no published data on the validity, reliability and sensitiveness to change of the official Chinese translation of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (version 4; FACT-G). Materials and Methods: A Chinese questionnaire package comprising the FACT-G and Functional Living Index-Cancer (FLIC, which was translated, modified and validated in Singapore) was filled in by 165 ethnic Chinese patients recruited from the National Cancer Centre, Singapore. Four weeks later, the patients were assessed again by a postal questionnaire survey. Results: The FACT-G and FLIC total scores were strongly correlated (r = 0.85). The Physical, Social/Family, Emotional and Functional Well-being scales of the FACT-G converged to and diverged from FLIC components as conceptually expected. The FACT-G and its 4 scales also demonstrated known-groups validity in differentiating patients with different performance status (each P <0.001). Their internal consistency ranged from 0.81 to 0.93 and test-retest reliability ranged from 0.74 to 0.85. The FACT-G and its Physical, Emotional and Functional Well-being scales showed trends of change in relation to change in performance status. The Social/Family Well-being scale was sensitive to decline but not improvement in performance status. Conclusions: The Chinese version of the FACT-G can be used to assess overall level and some specific aspects of health-related quality of life. However, researchers should be cautious in using this instrument to specifically investigate the social aspect of quality of life. Key words: Quality of life, Reliability, Sensitivity, Validity
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Ning, Huiping. "The impact of cooperative learning on English as a foreign language tertiary learners' social skills." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 41, no. 4 (May 1, 2013): 557–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2013.41.4.557.
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In this study, I focused on the impact of cooperative learning on the development of social skills in English as a foreign language (EFL) tertiary students. Participants were 2 randomly selected classes of students from a university in the north of China. A pretest-posttest control group quasiexperimental design was employed for the comparison of the impact of the cooperative learning approach with that of traditional whole-class instruction on 8 aspects of social skills: self-confidence, sense of cohesion, initiative in socialization, being positive, checking for understanding, equal participation and accountability, acceptance and empathy, and conflict management. These aspects form 8 subscales of the Social Skills Scale for Chinese College English Learners (SSS-CCEL; Ning, 2010), which the participants completed. Findings suggest substantial differences in favor of cooperative learning in the improvement of students' overall social skills, and in particular in the skills of equal participation and accountability.
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Su, Fan, Di Zou, Haoran Xie, and Fu Lee Wang. "A Comparative Review of Mobile and Non-Mobile Games for Language Learning." SAGE Open 11, no. 4 (October 2021): 215824402110672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211067247.
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Recent studies have increasingly investigated the effectiveness of both mobile and non-mobile digital game-based language learning. To gain an in-depth understanding of the differences in the effectiveness of mobile and non-mobile games, we compared studies from January 2000 to August 2020 investigating mobile game-based language learning (MGBLL) and non-mobile game-based language learning (NMGBLL). Sixty-four articles were analyzed from four aspects: game types, game elements, target languages, and learning outcomes. The results showed that (a) gamification, simulation games, and immersive games were applied most; (b) all games possessed the game elements of goals or rules; (c) the most investigated target languages were English and Chinese; and (d) the most discussed learning outcomes were language acquisition and psychological/affective state. The similarities and differences between MGBLL and NMGBLL were also identified. The current review provides an overview and in-depth analysis of mobile and non-mobile games for language learning, guiding practitioners to select appropriate digital games to cater to specific language teaching goals. Future directions of research are also discussed.
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Li, Xuelian. "Language Testing in China: Past and Future." English Language Teaching 12, no. 12 (November 15, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v12n12p67.
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Based on the articles written by mainland Chinese scholars published in the most influential Chinese and international journals, the present article analyzed the language testing research, compared the tendencies of seven categories between 2000-2009 and 2010-2019, and put forward future research directions by referring to international hot topics. Of all the seven categories of research topics, validity, performance test and China’s Standards of English Language Ability were three most popular themes, while classroom assessment, technology, rater/test taker differences and professionalization were much less popular. Except for research on performance test and technology, the other five aspects showed an increase in the second decade, with that of China’s Standards of English Language Ability rising the most dramatically. Referring to international research trends, the research predicted that validity, classroom assessment, China’s Standards of English Language Ability and professionalization, especially the ethics and social justice, might be the promising research topics for language testers.
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Leontovich, Olga Arkad'evna, and Nadezhda Nikolaevna Kotelnikova. "A semiotic portrait of a big Chinese city." Russian Journal of Linguistics 26, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 701–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-31228.
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Urban communication studies is a growing field of research aiming to reveal the regularities of human interaction in an urban context. The goal of the present study is to examine the semiotics of a big Chinese city as a complex communicative system and its effect on the social development of urban community. The material includes over 700 units (toponyms, street signs, advertisements, memorials, local foods and souvenirs, mass media, etc.) mostly collected in Tianjin, China’s fourth biggest city with a population of almost 14 million people. The research methodology is based on critical discourse analysis, ethnographic and semiotic methods, and narrative analysis. The study reveals the structure of communication in a big Chinese city and the integration of language into the city landscape. It indicates that urban historical memories are manifested in the form of memorials, symbols, historic and contemporary narratives. The physical context is associated with names of streets and other topological objects. Verbal and visual semiotic signs are used to ensure people’s psychological and physical safety. Social advertising predominantly deals with the propaganda of Chinese governmental policy, traditional values and ‘civilized behaviour’. Chinese urban subcultures, such as ‘ant tribe, ‘pendulums’, ‘shamate’, etc., reflect new social realities. Food and foodways are defined by cultural values and different aspects of social identity. The image of a big Chinese city is also affected by globalization tendencies and the COVID-19 pandemic. The research framework presented in the study provides an opportunity to show a wide panorama of modern urban life. It can be extrapolated to the investigation of other big cities and their linguistic landscapes.
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Chung, May F. "“I Call Them My Little Chinese Kids”: Parents’ Identities and Language Ideologies in a Mandarin-English Dual Language Immersion School." Journal of Culture and Values in Education 3, no. 2 (December 22, 2020): 179–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.46303/jcve.2020.19.
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Research on bilingual education presents clear advantages for children’s linguistic, cognitive, and social development. However, recent criticism of dual language education programs has led to claims of dual language education as a marker of elite bilingualism or that parents play their roles as socially accepted “good parents” by sending their child to a bilingual school. This paper presents the linguistic ideologies of parents of students enrolled in two Chinese-English dual language schools in the MidAtlantic U.S. Qualitative data were obtained from in-depth interviews with 21 parents (mothers = 15, fathers = 6), the majority of whom have no Chinese ethnic connection. In drawing from theories of Family Language Policy, parents addressed the connections between Mandarin and economic, political, sociolinguistic, or sociocultural factors. Discussions with parents reveal both their knowledge and misconceptions regarding language learning theories. Findings also indicated that parental language ideologies often intertwine Chinese language with culture and nationality. Further, this research explores the ways parents uniquely shaped their identities in how they both accept and reject aspects of Chinese culture and language. My study reveals a more nuanced portrait of the parents who choose Mandarin immersion for their children, and explores the critical role that caretakers can play in informing bilingual policies and practices.
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Xie, Chaoqun, and Juliane House. "Some aspects of pragmatics." Pragmatics and Cognition 17, no. 2 (August 18, 2009): 421–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.17.2.10xie.
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Part of current pragmatics research aims at opening up new avenues of inquiry by revisiting and revising some of its central topics and keywords, such as implicature, explicature, truth, varieties of meaning, meaning inference, relevance, politeness, and face. This review article attempts to contribute to this endeavor by making some comments on and beyond Kecskes and Horn’s (2007) Explorations in Pragmatics: Linguistic, Cognitive and Intercultural Aspects. With reference to certain Chinese linguistic and interactional actualities, this paper argues, among other things, that a speaker who conveys some truth to a hearer does not necessarily mean that the speaker is committed to that truth, that people with little social power may also manipulate the power of words in actual interaction, and that when it comes to making politeness evaluations, what one does may turn out to be more important and decisive than what one says.
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Wei Wang. "Intertextual aspects of Chinese newspaper commentaries on the events of 9/11." Discourse Studies 10, no. 3 (June 2008): 361–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461445608089916.
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RAPOSO, VERA LÚCIA. "Macao Report: Informed Consent in a Multilingual and Multicultural Region, a Bioethical Challenge." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 27, no. 3 (May 30, 2018): 385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180117000779.
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Abstract:Complying with the requirements of informed consent for medical procedures can sometimes be problematic, even when the hospitals are located in countries that are uniform in their language and cultural values. However, when hospitals are located in countries with diverse linguistic and ethnic communities, it becomes particularly challenging. This article examines how Macao, with four predominant languages—Mandarin, Portuguese, Cantonese and English—and two very strong cultures, Western and Chinese, strives to meet the challenges of informed consent. The situation is made even more complicated by a healthcare delivery in Macao that is mostly guided by Chinese ethical and cultural perspectives, whereas its law is inspired by the Western model.
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Lin, Yuting. "Communicating bad news in corporate social responsibility reporting: A genre-based analysis of Chinese companies." Discourse & Communication 14, no. 1 (September 19, 2019): 22–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750481319876770.
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In corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting, companies are expected to fully disclose the negative social and environmental impacts of their activities. This study investigates how Chinese companies respond to this challenge by analyzing the representations of occupational fatalities and injuries in 92 CSR reports from 37 Chinese Fortune 500 companies. A move-step analysis was performed on one part of the CSR report, which is the section providing information on occupational incidents. It was found that the negative information was typically disclosed via four rhetorical moves, which are ‘preparing the reader’, ‘delivering the bad news’, ‘mitigating the bad news’ and ‘reassuring the reader’. Communicating bad news through the four moves helps manage the reader’s perception of the reporting company and its CSR performance. The study calls for greater attention to the impression-managing aspects of companies’ self-disclosure of organizational bad news.
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Li, Qiong, Haomin Zhang, and Naoko Taguchi. "The Use of Mitigation Devices in Heritage Learners of Chinese." Heritage Language Journal 14, no. 2 (August 31, 2017): 150–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.46538/hlj.14.2.3.
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This study investigated the pragmatic competence of Chinese heritage learners (CHLs) on the use of three Chinese-specific mitigation devices: Chinese sentence final particles (SFPs), yixia/xia “for a while”, and reduplication of verbs. Their performances were compared with those of foreign language learners of Chinese (CFLs) and native Chinese speakers (NSs). Twenty-three NSs and 60 Chinese language learners in the intermediate and advanced-level classes (31 CHLs and 29 CFLs) participated in the study. Participants completed a computerized written production task that included two types of situations (PD-low and high situations) based on two contextual factors: the power relationship (P) and social distance (D). The statistical findings showed no notable significant heritage advantage; however, the post-hoc analysis revealed the unique nature of CHLs’ pragmatic competence, vacillating between CFLs and NSs. Specifically, CHLs outperformed CFLs in the use of SFPs and yixia/xia in both PD-low and high situations, but they fell behind the NSs in certain aspects, especially in their linguistic knowledge on SFPs and yixia/xia.
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Yu, Rongmei. "Study on Origin of English and Chinese Proverb." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 10, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1004.13.
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Proverbs are the summary of class struggle, working practice and life experience of human beings. Proverbs represent the unique characteristics and cultural features of a nation. People of various cultural backgrounds communicate with each other. Cross-cultural communication has been the focus of the present era. Only through communication can we learn from each other and come to know each other better. Only through communication can we give full play to human wisdom and enjoy the common fruits of civilization. The achievements brought about by cultural communication can never be over-estimated. Therefore, in order to gain a better cross-cultural communication with English speaking countries, it’s not only important but also necessary to understand the English and Chinese proverbs and their origins from a cultural perspective. This thesis analyzes and compares the cultural differences between English and Chinese proverbs from four aspects---Human experiences, Literary works, Religions and Social discrimination.
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Zhang, Mengwei. "LINGUOCULTURAL ASPECTS OF SLOGANS OF UKRAINIAN AND CHINESE UNIVERSITIES." Theory and Practice of Teaching Ukrainian as a Foreign Language, no. 15 (May 1, 2021): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/ufl.2021.15.3283.
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Education is always an important component of every highly-developed society. It is the foundation of intellectual, spiritual, physical and cultural development of humankind and the cornerstone of society. Ukraine and China conduct educational activities differently, but they are equally subject to all sociopolitical globalization processes taking place in the world community. The development of market relations and the expansion of educational institutions led to the intensification of advertising activities. An important element of advertising in higher education is the slogan. An university slogan plays a similar role as a motto in the sene that it conveys information, generates influences, and possesses aesthetic and educational functions. Identifying common and distinctive features in the Ukrainian and Chinese slogans of higher education institutions in terms of content, language, culture allows a deeper understanding of the national specifics of such advertising texts with social importance. Slogan is a type of advertising text that meets the following requirements: conciseness, target relevance, ideological and educational orientation, positivity, aesthetic uniqueness. More than 200 slogans of universities of the two countries were studied. Both Ukrainian and Chinese slogans are equally a manifestation of the value of the university and the conceptual foundations of education, but differ in accents, in Ukrainian - on the importance of education, specific profession, declarative judgments, in Chinese –- on the nature of learning and moral qualities of students, ideologizing learning goals. This is reflected in the productivity of different parts of speech: in Chinese slogans verbs have a greater semantic load, in Ukrainian – nouns. The aphorism of Ukrainian slogans is based on the tradition of using Latin expressions, and also has an organic connection with the structural organization of proverbs. Chinese university slogans have deep roots in ancient Chinese poetry, which dictates the symmetry and rhythmic structure of the text. The figurative level of slogans is created by emotional and evaluative vocabulary, metaphors, but first of all slogans by semantic dominance are rational. The slogans of Ukrainian and Chinese universities, despite the unity of the text type, reflect the linguistic, cultural, socio-political space of the country where they were created. Key words: educational advertising, advertising text, slogan, Chinese/Ukrainian universities, slogan structure, linguistic and cultural features of slogans.
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Cheng, Shiyun. "A Contrastive Analysis of Word Formation of English and Chinese Neologisms." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 8, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0802.11.
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Neologisms refer to the words created to express new things, new concepts and new ideas in written and oral communication. Since the 1980s, the world has entered into an information age. The world has witnessed great changes in political, economic, cultural field. At the same time, China has been carrying out a series of political and economic reforms, which have brought about amazing changes in all social aspects. As a result, a great deal of neologisms have appeared both in English and Chinese. There are three sources of neologisms both in English and Chinese: creating new words with native word elements, adding new meanings to existing words and borrowing new words from other languages. This paper focus on the first one of these three sources: word-formation, and analyzes the similarities and differences of three major ways of word-formation of neologisms in both English and Chinese: compounds, affixations, shortenings.
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Ni, Zhijuan. "A Critical Ethnography of Myanmar Migrants’ Grassroots Multilingualism at a Chinese Massage Parlour." Asian Social Science 17, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v17n9p11.
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While China is broadening its gateway into South Asia and Southeast Asia, millions of foreign migrant workers cross the border and seek their transnational fortune in China’s border provinces. However, within the existing literature in migrant workers in China, language is rarely a research target in itself. As one of the important social actors language plays a key role shaping migrant workers’ life trajectories. Adopting Spolsky’s language policy theory and following the critical ethnography with migrant workers (Han, 2013; Mathews, 2011), this study explores the interplay of national polices of massage parlour management at a macro level, employers’ stipulations of managing Myanmar migrants at a meso level and Myanmar migrants’ language practices at micro level. Grounded upon critical sociolinguistic ethnography, data is collected from a China’s massage parlour at border town through the participant observation in and out of massage parlour, field notes, semi-structured interviews and documents. The study probes into how Chinese geopolitics of the wider process of regional development facilitates or constrains Myanmar migrants, how they mobilize social resources to expand their multilingual repertoires and how Chinese employer manages Myanmar migrants in language and life aspects. Findings reveal that there is no specific language policy at the recruitment stage. However, when Myanmar migrant workers start to work, language emerges as implicit but powerful medium streaming the likelihood of upward mobility. Other social factors, such as gender, nationality, religion and class also influence their mobility and integration into China’s local society. The study expands the understanding of language management and grassroots multilingualism in the context of globalization from below. Also the study provides implications on language policy making, migrants integration and education for migrants of multilingual backgrounds.
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Wei, Du, Yue Chang, Xiaolong Lu, Xingying Fan, Jiaqi Hu, Otilia Manta, and Mohammed K. A. Kaabar. "Association between Migraine and Workplace Social Support in the Social Context of China: Using a Validated Chinese Version of the DCSQ." Healthcare 11, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11020171.
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Background: Workplace social support might have a protective function against migraine in the social context of China, as close co-worker relationships and collectivism are acknowledged as work values in Chinese society. Objectives: This paper aimed to analyse the association between migraine and workplace social support. The validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Support scale of the Demand-Control-Support Questionnaire (DCSQ) used were also determined. Methods: Following international guidelines, this study was carried out in two stages. Stage Ⅰ involved translations and pilot testing to assess content and face validity of the Chinese version of the DCSQ Support scale. Stage Ⅱ was a cross-sectional survey (N = 677 bank employees) to evaluate structural validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the Support scale, as well as to examine the association between workplace social support and a migraine-positive diagnosis. Results: A high level of social support in the workplace was associated with a 74% decreased likelihood of migraine (adjusted OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.14–0.46). Of the six aspects of workplace social support, co-worker support had the greatest protective effect (adjusted OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.39–0.60). The Chinese version of the DCSQ Support scale established satisfactory content and face validity (I-CVIs ≥ 0.78; S-CVIAVE ≥ 0.90). Confirmatory factor analysis verified its one-dimensional theoretical factor, with adequate internal consistency (Cronbach’s α 0.98; item-total correlations ≥ 0.80) and test-retest reliability (weighted Kappa coefficients 0.81–0.87; percentages agreement 85.23–88.92%). Conclusions: In the Chinese social context, workplace social support could protect against migraine, with the strongest benefit coming from co-workers. This study also provides a Chinese-language DCSQ Support scale as a valid and reliable instrument for measuring workplace social support.
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Geng, Ruichao. "Studies of Translation Norms of Ai Xi La Ge by Ma Junwu: Within the Framework of Andrew Chesterman’s Theory of Translation Norms." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 6, no. 3 (March 21, 2016): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0603.11.
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Ai Xi La Ge, which is translated by Ma Junwu is the first complete Chinese translated text of The Isles of Greece by Byron. It has a far-reaching influence. This thesis attempts to study the translation norms of Ai Xi La Ge under the influences of social-cultural conditions and translating habits of the translator from the four aspects of expectancy norms, accountability norm, communication norm and relation norm within the framework of Andrew Chesterman’s theory of translation norms.
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Wu, Meng. "Comparative analysis of the concept BEAR in language consciousness of the Russian and Chinese people (on the material of explanatory dictionaries)." Neophilology, no. 25 (2021): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2021-7-25-25-32.
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We consider the problem of language and concept in the framework of cognitive linguistics. The purpose of the work is to identify the mental differences in the conceptualization of the concept BEAR in the linguistic consciousness of the Russian and Chinese people. We present an approach according to which dictionary definitions are considered as a language representative of a concept called a dictionary word. The dictionary is considered as a collection of our knowledge about the world, which was formed as a result of its conceptualization and categorization. We compare different aspects of the lexeme BEAR in the “Dictionary of the Russian Language” (MAS) edited by A.P. Evgenyeva and the “Xinhua Zidian” edited by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences: interpretation of the word, its illustrative materials, including phraseological units. In the study of a foreign language, reliance on dictionary definitions allows us to use lexicographic representation of concepts as one of the active and initial methods for understanding and perceiving national mentality.
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Liang, Enjun, and Si Ye. "The Influence of Gender Differences on Chinese English Learners’ Oral Ability." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 8 (February 7, 2023): 813–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v8i.4365.
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Oral English ability has been one of the essential domains in foreign language learning. The study of gender difference is a very common research topic, and many research fields have paid attention to it, including experts from social sciences, linguistics, and culture. According to previous findings, most researchers in various fields agreed that there are gender differences in the ability to oral English. Some scholars pointed out that gender differences in language learning are reflected in the spelling and pronunciation of words. Women tend to use diverse strategies in language learning, so they learn more efficiently. Others concluded that the gender difference in language is determined by the inevitable reflection of the values of a specific society and the way of national thinking in language. In terms of the relationship between gender and oral English ability, most researchers found that the oral expression ability of women is better than that of men based on different factors. Thus, this paper focuses on the potential impact of gender differences on Chinese learners’ oral English ability. Firstly, this paper introduces five aspects of gender differences in Chinese learners’ spoken English, including pronunciation, grammatical structure, vocabulary usage, the difference in communicative contexts, and learning ability. Then, by analyzing the causes of these gender differences in biology, learning strategies, social status, and psychology, the conclusion is clear that women have certain advantages over men in learning spoken English, even though it is temporary and will change with other factors. The contribution of this paper is that it inspires future researchers to explore more about the potential gender differences in language learning and the effective strategies .to cope with this phenomenon.
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Meng-Wei, Tang. "The Issue of Differences in the Phonetic System of Chinese in Mainland China and Taiwan (In Terms of Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language in Russia)." Prepodavatel XXI vek, no. 3, 2020 (2020): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2073-9613-2020-3-173-181.
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In recent years, against the background of comprehensive strengthening of relations between Russia and China, the number of Chinese language students in Russia has increased significantly. Linguistic and didactic research on the Chinese language is becoming a productively developing area. The Chinese language on the two shores of the Taiwan Strait in the 20th century has undergone significant changes due to various political, economic, cultural and social factors. The article attempts to consider the phonetic differences of the modern Chinese language in the aspect of its study in Russia, with the hieroglyphs, which are most often found in Chinese textbooks used in Russian educational institutions, being chosen as the educational material. The article also provides a classification of phonetic differences between words and phrases, which will help teachers and students to trace in more detail the evolution of the modern Chinese language and predict its further development.
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STEPANOV, Ievgenii N., and Xinyue MA. "LINGUOCULTURAL FEATURES OF RUSSIAN AND CHINESE PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH PRAGMATONYMS." Мова, no. 36 (April 1, 2022): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2307-4558.2021.36.249728.
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The article describes Russian and Chinese phraseological units with key words — pragmatonyms — in linguocultural and applied aspects. The purpose of this work is to determine the mental national and cultural specificity of Russian and Chinese phraseological semiosis. This is based on the specifics of folk life, which the identified equivalent, background and non-equivalent phraseological units reflect. The key words of these phraseological units are the pragmatonyms of several LSG, naming food, clothing and footwear, household items: dishes, household utensils, household tools, haberdashery. Object of research is the Russian and Chinese phraseological units with Key words-pragmatonyms. Subject of study is reflection of Russian and Chinese national and cultural specifics through the prism of primordial pragmatonyms in the composition of folk phraseology. As a result of the study, it was concluded that pragmatonyms that become Key words in phraseological units, as a rule, symbolize a variety of values: social, spiritual, personal, religious, moral, and others. Among the analyzed phraseological units of the Russian and Chinese languages there is a small group of correlate phrases (equivalent phraseological units); much more often Russian and Chinese phraseological units similar in meaning have different lexical content, being background phrases (divergent phrases); a significant place is occupied by non-equivalent phraseological units, the selection of analogues for which in the compared language (for Russian phraseological units — in Chinese, for Chinese — in Russian) is difficult.
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Vasilieva, Galina M., Marina A. Chepinskaya, and Jian Wang. "Public food service communication field in the Chinese students’ linguistic consciousness: ethnocultural barriers and obstacles." Russian Language Studies 20, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 330–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-8163-2022-20-3-330-343.
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The authors identify, classify and methodologically interpret communicative barriers and interferences arising for Chinese students in the sphere of catering, which is a fundamentally important culturally marked area of social and everyday communication. The relevance of this study is due to the significance and complexity of this social everyday sphere for the consciousness of foreign students, who face significant communicative barriers and obstacles that require methodological interpretation and consideration in the content of teaching Russian as a foreign language. The aims of this work are to identify and methodo- logically interpret communicative barriers of Chinese students in everyday communication (on the material of catering sphere), and to establish their correlations with the phenomena of lexical asymmetry. The main methods used in the research: mathematical processing of the obtained data, questionnaires, component analysis of vocabulary and comparison. The research material includes the results of the questionnaire aimed at identifying the barriers and obstacles encountered by Chinese students in the field of catering. It was determined that barriers and interference related to catering communication occurred for more than 75% of the students. Quantitative and meaningful processing of the questionnaire materials demonstrated that barriers and interference appeared in three main aspects: ethnographic, ethno- psychological, and ethnolinguistic. Methodologically oriented interpretation of communicative barriers is based on their correlation with the facts of the language. The integrative approach to the word taking into account its linguistic and extra-linguistic content determined which components of its structure translate ethnographic, ethnopsychological and ethnolinguistic differences of Russian and Chinese linguistic cultures that create communicative barriers. That is why the process of Russian language teaching considers conceptual, proper-lexical, semantic, connotative, background and contextual lacunas. Considering asymmetrical phenomena in the content of vocabulary teaching allows reducing the level of ethnographic, ethnopsychological and ethnolinguistic barriers and hindrances that arise for Chinese students in the sphere of catering. The prospects of the research include creation of the training dictionary “Gastronomic Culture Code in Language Vocabulary,” aimed at the Chinese students studying Russian.
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Fang, Xiaoying. "Code-switching and the Construction of Identity in Where Are We Going, Dad? Season V from the Socio-psycholinguistic Perspective." English Linguistics Research 11, no. 2 (October 23, 2022): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/elr.v11n2p8.
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This study investigates the code-switching in people’s daily interaction in the outdoor parent-child reality TV show Where Are We Going, Dad? Season V from the socio-psycholinguistic perspective. The main purpose is to reveal how the social meanings of dialogues and identity construction enact in parents’ and their children’s daily interactions. Based on both quantitative and qualitative methods, this study analyzes daily conversations in different situations from three aspects, including speech accommodation, language attitude, and psychological motivation. The findings indicate that code-switching from Mandarin to English plays a more central role in the show. Moreover, code-switching used in the show is regarded as a language choice as well as a way to signify the speaker’s conscious shift of self-identity in a different situation. Language convergence denotes parents’ and their children’s adaptation to local environments and respect for local culture, meaning that speakers try to establish a common identity with the local people. Chinese and English code-switching has been associated with a shift between a soft one in Chinese and a forceful one in English, implying that there is a submissive self in Chinese and an authoritative self in English. The psychological motivation reveals the sense of belonging to the mother tongue and national identity of language users. Therefore, code-switching reveals complex ethnic identities, including the self as a show performer, cultural lover, father, or mother, which are consciously or unconsciously influenced by the speakers’ language repertoire, social background knowledge, and their intention of building ethnic identity.
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Jin, Lixian, and Martin Cortazzi. "Reaching for the Gold Standard: Metaphors and Good University Teachers." Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics 43, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cjal-2020-0009.
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Abstract This article considers “good” teachers in the context of current developments in universities in China to reach a “gold standard” of considerably higher and more challenging levels of teaching and learning. We outline this context and consider concepts of good teachers in classical Chinese traditions and more recent Western thinking as a possible dialogue within and between cultures of learning. Using cognitive and cultural linguistic perspectives, we analyze metaphorical concepts of “gold” in “the gold standard” as related to teachers. We report our applied metaphor research which analyzes Chinese students’ expectations, values and beliefs about good university language teachers; this presents a rich picture beyond developing knowledge, skills and understanding to include strong social and moral characteristics. Other aspects which recognize the complexity of “good” teachers show a student appreciation of teachers’ tireless effort, devotion and selfless sacrifice: these aspects are absent in many discussions of good teachers. The participant-centered picture from elicited metaphor analysis is part of students’ “cultures of learning,” but this should be developed culturally for the gold standard through further teacher development and student engagement. In line with interaction in cultures of learning, we indicate some classroom ways to extend students’ thinking through scaffolding teacher-student interaction based on textbook activities.
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Bouras, Dalila, Mohamed Amroune, Hakim Bendjenna, and Nabiha Azizi. "Techniques and Trends for Fine-Grained Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis: Recent Survey." Recent Advances in Computer Science and Communications 13, no. 2 (June 3, 2020): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213275912666181227144256.
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Background: Nowadays, with the appearance of web 2.0, more users express their opinions, judgments, and thoughts towards certain objects, services, organizations, and their attributes via social networking, forum entries, websites, and blogs and so on. In this way, the volume of raw content generated by these users will increase rapidly with enormous size, where people often find difficulties in identifying and summarizing fine-grained sentiments buried in the opinion-rich resources. The traditional opinion mining techniques, which focused on the overall sentiment of the review, fails to uncover the sentiments expressed on the aspects of the reviewed entity. For that, researchers in Aspect-based opinion mining community try to solve and handle this problem. Objective: Our proposed study aims to present, survey and compare in the first place the important recent Aspect-based opinion mining approaches relevant to important languages such English, Arabic and Chinese and commonly datasets used in literature so that future researchers could improve their results. The cited approaches used the last techniques in the area on Opinion mining field, relevant to the Deep Learning models. In the second place, we try to highlight and give special attention to the Arabic language by introducing a dashboard of deep learning methods dedicated to the Arabic language. Finally, we emphasize the research gaps and future challenges in both English and Arabic languages that provide some new potential research fields. Methods: We have carefully summarized 48 models according to their algorithm into three categories: supervised, semi-supervised and unsupervised. Due to a large number of approaches with diverse datasets and techniques, we propose some statistical graphics to compare different experimentation results namely precision, Recall, and F-measure. Also, the study has conferred a comparative analysis and a comprehensive discussion of different approaches and techniques dedicated to the aspect extraction sub-task using the new tendency that of deep learning on both Arabic, English and Chinese language. We have introduced some future challenges, research gaps, and new trends in the opinion mining task, which need more efforts and investigations to present new solutions that make the opinion mining field more pervasive and give more ideas about the different researches done in the field of OM. Methods: We have compared the different approaches and techniques dedicated to the extraction of aspects using the new tendency that of deep learning. Our contribution illustrates the add values given by deep learning models in the treatment of user reviews expressed in the Arabic language. At the same time, this work is mainly based on the use of the evaluation performance metrics (precision, recall, and f-measure).
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Editors. "Foreword." Acta Linguistica Asiatica 11, no. 2 (July 30, 2021): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.11.2.5-6.
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The Covid-19 pandemic imposes a new way of life on us, and in this new reality, we try in every way to find positive aspects for language studies in particular and science in general. One of such aspects is the switch to online scientific meetings and conferences, which have therefore become more accessible also to language enthusiasts from more remote locations. Besides, the already ongoing digitalization of linguistics in different respects, from teaching and learning materials, linguistic data collection, and others, only seems to accelerate in the situation. And finally, as unfortunate as it is, it nevertheless offers numerous new insights into our social lives. The summer issue of Volume 11 is dedicated though not limited to such insights. In the first article “A Comparative Corpus-Based Content Analysis of Head of Government Addresses in Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic: Japan and Western Countries” by Nagisa MORITOKI ŠKOF discussed the speakers’ perspectives and political orientation in public addresses made by heads of government in Japan, the USA, New Zealand, Germany, and Slovenia in response to the coronavirus disease. Following, SAWADA Hiroko and INOUE Rizu in their article “Network for Supporting Education of Foreign Children During Covid-19: Language Assessments as a Tool for Promoting Community Integration” introduce problems of the present Japanese education system, which does not adequately support children whose mother language is not Japanese. Their action research project in collaboration with several schools and one university proposed a support system through online media that would soften the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. The third article in this issue was written by Oleg KALININ. “Comparative Analysis of Coronavirus Metaphoric Representation in Chinese and Russian Online Media” compared the coronavirus metaphorical image in the online media of China and Russia to find out that their basic difference is in discussing or not discussing the positive outcome of the coronavirus battle, which consequently impacts the public opinion. WANG Aiqing’s “Causation in Classical Chinese during the Warring States Period and in the Han Dynasty” explores causation in Classical Chinese and shows that the strategies to form causation structures are compatible with a prosodic theory, according to which agentive and causative constructions involving covert causative verbs are prosodic words, while those involving overt causative verbs exhibit properties of phrases. The article “’I Am Not Punjabi, My Parents Are’: Degradation of the Language of Dominant Majority” by Sham HAIDAR, Tehreem WALI, Tehreem TAHIR, and Mehwish PARVEEN discuss the present status and explore the predicament of the Punjabi language based on the findings that the Punjabi speakers themselves disown their language and the Punjabi identity due to social, economic, religious, and political reasons. Last but not least, Mária IŠTVÁNOVÁ in her article “On The Use of Corpora in Second Language Acquisition – Chinese as an Example” presents several language corpora and points out advantages of their use in the process of Chinese language acquisition together with some practical examples of the corpora's direct and indirect use for teaching and learning Chinese as a second language. Editors and Editorial board wish the regular and new readers of the ALA journal a pleasant read full of inspiration, and a rise of new research ideas inspired by these papers.
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Qiu, Qing, Zhilong Xie, Yueya Xiong, and Fen Zhou. "Belief Change Before and After the Teaching Practicum Among Chinese Pre-Service ELT Teachers." SAGE Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): 215824402110049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211004934.
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This article aims to study the dynamic change of teachers’ beliefs among pre-service teachers. A longitudinal design was adopted to investigate English language teaching (ELT) pre-service teachers’ belief change after a 3-month teaching practicum by administering pretest and posttest questionnaires, semistructured interviews, and reflective journals. Repeated measures and paired sample t-test analyses showed significant differences across different aspects of beliefs in all the participants, but belief changes were significant after the practicum only within the experimental group, particularly in the aspects of student management, teaching evaluation, and student learning. In contrast, belief changes were not significant within the control group. Further inductive content analyses of semistructured interviews and reflective journals from the experimental group confirmed these changes and conclusively revealed some potential factors contributing to the changes. The results shed light on how pre-service teachers evolve in their career development and help educators adjust appropriate education policies to improve the quality of English teacher education, particularly in the Chinese context.
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Gransow, Bettina. ""Nontranslatable": Indigenous Concepts in Social Science Research on China." Asian Journal of Social Science 29, no. 2 (2001): 262–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853101x00073.
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AbstractFew would doubt that literary translation, in addition to transferring language, also deals with the problem of transferring aspects of culture. This is far less obvious with respect to the translation of scientific literature, which is held to use a universally valid and objective set of terms. The humanities and social sciences, however, involve just as many cultural ties as do literary works. This raises the question of how one should deal with terms that do not exist within the conceptual range of the target audience, or with concepts whose claim to universality is questionable. This gives rise to the question of whether indigenous concepts are universal or culturally specific. Finally, one must determine whether the use of indigenous concepts does in fact rule out a cross-cultural comparison. These questions are dealt with in this essay in the context of debates on the indigenization of the Chinese social sciences.
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Kuras, Leonid V., and Bazar D. Tsybenov. "Китайская историография новейшей истории даурского народа." Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 14, no. 3 (December 27, 2022): 473–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2022-3-473-487.
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Introduction. The paper analyzes available Chinese-language scientific works that review contemporary history of the Daur people and examine its different aspects. Goals. The study attempts a historiographic analysis of certain Chinese-language scholarly publications (monographs, articles) dealing with contemporary history of the Daurs. So, the objectives be set and tackled thereto shall include insights into peculiarities of Chinese historiography pertaining to contemporary Daur history, reviews of monographs containing related materials, and analyses of Chinese scientists’ articles considering significant events and facts of 20th-century Daur history. Conclusions. The paper shows China’s historiography of contemporary Daur history is abundant in scientific works, both monographs and diverse articles. Peculiarities inherent to regional collections of articles largely authored by ethnic Daurs result, in our opinion, from that the shaping of historiographical science in the PRC remains somewhat incomplete. The monographs undoubtedly contain a large amount of factual materials on many aspects of contemporary Daur history. However, those are distinguished by the traditional Chinese approach to the study of history characterized by that chronologies of events (chronicles) and biographies of famous figures hold central and unshakable positions. The articles also contain various facts, descriptions of specific historical events and characters, e.g., the peasant uprising of Shaolang and Daifu, biographies of the revolutionary Guo Daofu (Merse), participation of Daurs in the anti-Japanese movement. Another peculiarity traced is that the articles widely use data collected from informants, which is supposedly due to that Chinese sources covering regional history are few enough, and the special value of information provided by participants or eyewitnesses of those events.
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Wang, Ni. "A Study of the Differences between Chinese and Western Addressing Terms in Sociolinguistics." Scientific and Social Research 3, no. 2 (July 13, 2021): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36922/ssr.v3i2.1101.
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Language is an important aspect of a country’s culture. Various ethnicities use various addressing terms. This difference is due to the various social terms. As a result, English learners should pay attention to historical knowledge while learning a language in order to communicate effectively across cultures.
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Oglezneva, Elena A., and Oleg V. Pustovalov. "Social and Speech Portrait of a Descendant of Russian Immigrants to the Chinese Three Rivers Region in the XX Century." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 12, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 359–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2021-12-2-359-373.
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The article is devoted to the study of a language functioning in foreign countries, outside its metropolis. This is a special form of language existence. The study is made in linguistic personology aspect: the factors of preservation of the native language in the speech of several generations of emigrants are identified by the means of analyzing the language competencies and the specifics of the native language of representatives of the foreign diaspora. The purpose of this article is to create the speech portrait of the representative of the East emigration, the descendants of Russian emigrants in China, the Chinese Three Rivers region, to identify the characteristics of preservation of the Russian language in conditions of the Russian-Chinese bilingualism in this area. The object of the speech portraiting was the linguistic personality of a descendant of Russian immigrants to China in the beginning of the 20th century, currently a resident of the city of Labudalin, Argun city district of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous region in China. Scientific novelty of the research consists in undertaking for the first time the analysis of a fragment of the Russian linguistic reality in one of the places of the Russian diaspora in the 20th century, in the Chinese Three Rivers region, and in the introduction record of oral speech of the representative of the descendants of Russian in Three Rivers Region, carried out during the scientific expeditions to China in 2017 and 2018, that makes a unique material. The study of the Russian language in foreign countries, namely in the Eastern abroad, in the Three Rivers region, is a contribution to linguistic emigrantology, which determines the relevance of the study. The authors analyze the speech of a representative of the descendants of Russian settlers in the Chinese Three Rivers Region at all levels of the language system, reveal the facts of phonetical, grammatical and lexical interference in Russian speech under the influence of the Chinese language, as well as the dialectal features preserved in it, and come to the conclusion that Russian language is highly preserved even in the third generation of immigrants from Russia to China and the authors name the sociolinguistic factors of this preservation: family, educational, professional, psychological, etc.
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Smułczyński, Michał. "Microblogging in Denmark and Poland — a contrastive analysis. Part I." Scandinavian Philology 19, no. 1 (2021): 101–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2021.107.
Full textAbstract:
The anthology Microblogs global is an international study of Twitter. Fifteen researchers examined tweets in Chinese, German, English, French, Italian, Japanese, Dutch, Portuguese, Russian, and Spanish regarding the following linguistic phenomena: orthography, spoken language, vocabulary, reduction, syntax, graphostylistics, interaction and the functional aspects. The book was an inspiration for the analysis of tweets in Danish and Polish because the two languages were not included in the original study. Furthermore, a contrastive analysis of the Polish and Danish tweets is included to highlight the differences in the language of the tweets. The following article is the first part of this study. It deals with the social network and microblogging tool Twitter, including the more technical side of microblogging. The many types of tweets and the extensive terminology involved are thoroughly and conscientiously explained. The contrasts regarding orthography and spoken language are analyzed whereas the discrepancies in vocabulary, reduction, syntax, graphostylistics, interaction and the functional aspects will be described in the second part of the study. The basis for the description is a compilation of 640 tweets — 320 Polish and 320 Danish — from an inhomogeneous community that posts mainly in Polish / Danish. Profiles were chosen completely by chance and they belong to various politicians, journalists and individuals. The study covers the period from March 30 to April 6, 2019.
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Asyl, Moldir B., Petr M. Koltsov, Nabizhan Muhametkhanuly, and Dinara B. Dauyen. "От общества «сяокан» к обществу «всеобщей зажиточности»: развитие политики Китайской Народной Республики по искоренению бедности." Oriental studies 15, no. 4 (November 15, 2022): 636–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2022-61-4-636-648.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Thу article analyzes key socioeconomic undertakings of the PRC at the present stage. In China, the year 2021 has marked a completion of Xiaokang — ‘moderately prosperous’ — society construction. Through the years of reform and opening up, the traditional concept of Xiaokang society has become a strategic goal of China’s socialist modernization and a core of socialism’s theory with Chinese features. Goals. The article primarily aims at analyzing relationship between the concept of Xiaokang society and Xi Jinping’s newly proclaimed doctrine of ‘common prosperity’, compliance of socialist modernization strategies with Chinese specifics. Since the concept of ‘common prosperity’ implies not only economic but also political contexts, it requires extensive and deep sociopolitical insights into ways and mechanisms to be involved thereto, and it is as urgent to identify potential impacts on Chinese society. Materials and methods. The paper examines Chinese periodicals of the specified era, studies contemporary historiographic sources relating to the issue. The study of public policy focuses on policy articles and documents, fundamental works by Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Xi Jinping, and the economist Li Yining. Results. Over the 40 years, the strategic goal of Chinese modernization has evolved from ‘Xiaokang level’ to ‘Xiaokang society’, and from ‘comprehensive Xiaokang society construction’ to ‘completeness of Xiaokang society in all aspects’. In addition, subtexts of the strategy has also made a significant leap — from equal emphases on material and spiritual components of civilization to strengthening of all five components, namely: material, spiritual, political, social, and environmental ones. The living standards have experienced fundamental changes: the problem of food and clothing (wenbao) has finally been solved, common well-being of the people increased, and absolute poverty of rural population eliminated. However, there are still some social issues to have remained unresolved throughout the construction of ‘moderately prosperous society’. Conclusions. The fulfillment of the ‘first century goal’ has required that the Government articulate a new goal for China’s economic and social development to deal with still existing problems, such as income inequality and social imbalance, which in turn may cause political instability and threaten the legitimacy of the ruling party’s power. In response to the growing need of the people for a better life and further economic growth of society, the PRC Government has introduced a new concept of social development — ‘common prosperity’ (gongtong fuyu). President Xi Jinping points out that ‘common prosperity is a necessary condition for socialism and an important feature of Chinese-style modernization’.
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Asyl, Moldir B., Petr M. Koltsov, Nabizhan Muhametkhanuly, and Dinara B. Dauyen. "От общества «сяокан» к обществу «всеобщей зажиточности»: развитие политики Китайской Народной Республики по искоренению бедности." Oriental studies 15, no. 4 (November 15, 2022): 636–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2022-62-4-636-648.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Thу article analyzes key socioeconomic undertakings of the PRC at the present stage. In China, the year 2021 has marked a completion of Xiaokang — ‘moderately prosperous’ — society construction. Through the years of reform and opening up, the traditional concept of Xiaokang society has become a strategic goal of China’s socialist modernization and a core of socialism’s theory with Chinese features. Goals. The article primarily aims at analyzing relationship between the concept of Xiaokang society and Xi Jinping’s newly proclaimed doctrine of ‘common prosperity’, compliance of socialist modernization strategies with Chinese specifics. Since the concept of ‘common prosperity’ implies not only economic but also political contexts, it requires extensive and deep sociopolitical insights into ways and mechanisms to be involved thereto, and it is as urgent to identify potential impacts on Chinese society. Materials and methods. The paper examines Chinese periodicals of the specified era, studies contemporary historiographic sources relating to the issue. The study of public policy focuses on policy articles and documents, fundamental works by Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Xi Jinping, and the economist Li Yining. Results. Over the 40 years, the strategic goal of Chinese modernization has evolved from ‘Xiaokang level’ to ‘Xiaokang society’, and from ‘comprehensive Xiaokang society construction’ to ‘completeness of Xiaokang society in all aspects’. In addition, subtexts of the strategy has also made a significant leap — from equal emphases on material and spiritual components of civilization to strengthening of all five components, namely: material, spiritual, political, social, and environmental ones. The living standards have experienced fundamental changes: the problem of food and clothing (wenbao) has finally been solved, common well-being of the people increased, and absolute poverty of rural population eliminated. However, there are still some social issues to have remained unresolved throughout the construction of ‘moderately prosperous society’. Conclusions. The fulfillment of the ‘first century goal’ has required that the Government articulate a new goal for China’s economic and social development to deal with still existing problems, such as income inequality and social imbalance, which in turn may cause political instability and threaten the legitimacy of the ruling party’s power. In response to the growing need of the people for a better life and further economic growth of society, the PRC Government has introduced a new concept of social development — ‘common prosperity’ (gongtong fuyu). President Xi Jinping points out that ‘common prosperity is a necessary condition for socialism and an important feature of Chinese-style modernization’.
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Lin, Minfen, and Doreen D. Wu. "Rapport building by Chinese celebrities on Weibo and Facebook." Media Language and Discourse in Cultural China 13, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cld.21031.lin.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The paper examines how Chinese celebrities build rapport with their followers on social media, with a comparison between the Chinese mainland (on Weibo) and Hong Kong (on Facebook) celebrities. Rapport building is conceptualized as language use in promoting social bonding and emotional involvement and as achieved via at least two aspects: use of relational acts and choice of interactional features. Twelve months of postings by twelve most-followed Weibo and Facebook celebrities from the Chinese mainland and Hong Kong in 2017 have been retrieved and analyzed. It is found that the prevalent relational acts commonly used by both Weibo and Facebook celebrities to build rapport with their followers include sharing information, retweeting information and directives, among others; and the commonly prevalent interactive features include the use of colloquialism, emoji & emoticons, and hashtags or @, and the like. Nonetheless, significant differences also exist in that while Weibo celebrities tend to use more acts of showing stance, Facebook celebrities use more acts of showing appreciation; Weibo celebrities tend to use more colloquialism, emoji & emoticons, and internet slang, Facebook celebrities tend to use more English codemixing and vernacular expressions. Finally, the paper concludes with a discussion and explanation of the commonalities and differences between Weibo and Facebook celebrities.