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Journal articles on the topic 'Social aspects of Civil procedure'
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1
ZHIHUA, WAN. "SEVENTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF PRC CIVIL PROCEDURE LEGISLATION." Herald of Civil Procedure 10, no. 5 (November 30, 2020): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.24031/2226-0781-2020-10-5-199-211.
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In this article, the author examines the history of the development of legislation on civil proceedings over 70 years since the formation of the New PRC. The article analyzes the historical prerequisites for the adoption of the CPC of the PRC, describes the features of the development of legislation on civil procedures in different periods, and also reveals the connection between the evolution of legislation on civil procedures and the development of social life in China. Achievements and successes achieved in civil procedure legislation, prospects for the development of Chinese civil procedure legislation are summarized. In particular, in the study, the author emphasizes that at present, artificial intelligence is widely used in all aspects of people’s daily life, including in the judicial sphere. On the one hand, artificial intelligence contributes to improving the efficiency, fairness and speed of justice, and on the other hand, numerous disputes related to Internet transactions and human rights violations on the Internet are inevitably associated with the use of artificial intelligence in the process of legal proceedings in the collection, verification or certification of evidence. Another finding is that citizens are increasingly advocating that the state guarantees their legal rights and interests. The process of democratization and the rule of law at the global level also exerted significant pressure on the judiciary, which led to a very active development of the civil procedure system in China for a further long period.
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Bortnik, O. H., and T. V. Stepanenko. "Instrumental aspects of proportionality in civil proceedings." Law and Safety 85, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/pb.2022.2.16.
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The purpose of the work is to define the role of proportionality as a tool for overcoming legal uncertainty in the application by courts of the principles and norms of law in modern civil proceedings. It was supported the statement that within the limits of modern legal understanding, different from the objective or subjective determination of legal phenomena, which were traditionally characteristic of the national legal doctrine, the understanding of principles is not limited to the properties of technical means for constructing norms or means of overcoming gaps in legal regulation. The principles of law determine the purpose, possibility, regime and limits of law enforcement.
Based on intersubjective legal understanding, an instrumental approach has been applied to the analysis of principles in law, their role and significance for the implementation of civil justice, primarily for those legal situations in which the procedure for carrying out proceedings is determined discretionarily. The position regarding the separation of written and unwritten, as well as structural and ideological principles has been supported. It has been concluded that the hierarchy of values in society determines the hierarchy and content of principles in law, namely: basic (fundamental, primary) principles of law and legal (general, inter-branch, branch) principles.
The impracticality of assessing the effectiveness of civil proceedings only through the implementation of the protective function (due to effectiveness) has been emphasized and it has been suggested to pay attention to such a category as the balance of interests implemented in civil proceedings. It has been concluded that fair is justice, which guarantees a balanced, necessity-based limitation of opportunities in the realization of procedural and legal interests, in the exercise of rights, as well as compliance with the procedure established by law, which is a reflection of public interests in legal security.
It has been emphasized that proportionality is an instrumental principle that allows to ensure legal discourse, which is a means of achieving a balanced legal and social result, which is connected with ensuring the rule of law during the exercise of power. The decisive factor in the application of proportionality is the reflection by the subject of law enforcement of his/her understanding of the law, as well as his/her own good faith. The application of proportionality in the version of the test, in which the procedure for solving the case (committing a procedural action) is based on a factual (pragmatic) approach in combination with a procedural institutional approach, allows the application of relatively defined legal norms, in relation to which the rules of deontic logic do not apply.
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Нуртдинова, Алия, and Aliya Nurtdinova. "Social Responsibility of Business: Legal Aspects of the Economic Concept." Journal of Russian Law 3, no. 1 (December 24, 2014): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/7247.
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The article deals with the problem of creation of the business (corporative) social responsibility conception and key elements of this conception. The functioning of the market economy in the modern society is impossible without strong ties between society and business community, social obligations of companies, corporations, firms and so on. Idea of business (corporative) social responsibility reflects these ties and is based on the philosophical doctrine of moral ideals as the goal of social progress. Business (corporative) social responsibility supposes free-will initiatory social activity of companies — activity, that is not related to commercialization. There are some areas of such activity: occupational safety, providing favourable conditions of employment, protection the environment, social security, health protection, culture and education. The author has attempted to characterize principles of companies’ social activity. These are: respect for law order, which means not only subjection to the law, but voluntary renunciation of using deficiencies of law and other law imperfections; respect for international laws; respect for human rights; concerning for moral ideals. Companies realize social responsibility in different ways. First of all through collective bargaining procedure. The next way is cooperation with government and local communities. Cooperation with non-government organizations (civil society organizations) and charity are also possible.
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Kovalev, Artem Aleksandrovich. "Participation of the prosecutor in consideration of civil cases by the courts of appeal." Право и политика, no. 4 (April 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2021.4.35399.
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The object of this research is the social relations that emerge in the context of participation of the prosecutor in consideration of civil cases by the courts of appeal, as well as the problematic aspects of the exercise of his powers in consideration of such cases. The author analyzes the essence of prosecutor's participation in consideration of civil cases by the courts of appeal, and the possibility of attributing such participation to one of the forms of prosecutor’s participation in consideration of civil cases by the courts. The subject of this research is the case law materials, legislative norms that regulate the indicated social relations, as well as the developed positions pertaining to the essence and separate aspects of the prosecutor's participation in consideration of civil cases by the courts of appeal. The prosecutor’s participation in the appellate instance has traditionally been the subject of research among legal scholars; this is associated to the specifics of this institution, that incorporates the elements of consideration of cases by the courts of first instance and their revision, which, in turn, generates discussions on the composition and procedure for the exercise of powers of the prosecutor participating in the appellate instance. At the same time, such research mostly dealt with participation of the prosecutor in consideration of criminal cases by the courts of appeal, while the problematic aspects of prosecutor’s participation in consideration of civil cases by the courts of appeal remained virtually unstudied, which defines the novelty of this work. The author formulates recommendations on the amendments to the current legislation on the forms of prosecutor’s participation in consideration of civil cases by the courts and the procedure for participation in consideration of civil cases by the courts of appeal, the implementation of which would allow the prosecutor’s office to achieve the goal of protection of citizens’ rights and optimization of consideration of civil cases by the courts of appeal.
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Cherneha, Andriy P., Zhanna V. Udovenko, Nataliia A. Sergiienko, Nataliia O. Oblovatska, and Alyona O. Dotsenko. "State Guarantees of the Right to Housing for War Veterans: Substantive and Procedural Aspects." Cuestiones Políticas 38, Especial (October 25, 2020): 223–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.38e.15.
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The purpose of the article was to reveal the problematic aspects of the realization of the right to housing by war veterans who participated in counter-terrorism operations / joint operations. I am interested in observing the protection of this right in civil, criminal and executive proceedings based on national and international law. The methodological basis of the study includes general and special methods of scientific research (historical, statistical, formal logic, comparative legal and structural logic). Statistics are given on the number of war veterans (combatants) as of 2019-2020, in the dynamics of providing them a living space in Ukraine during 2015-2020. In addition, the article provides examples of the elimination of conflicts of laws and ambiguous judicial practices of application of civil, family, housing and social law, as well as civil, criminal and executive procedure in the field of exercise of the right to housing by combatants and their families, protection of this right before the courts and execution of decisions in this category of cases. The results of this work can be useful for combatants who need to improve their living conditions, as well as for human rights defenders who help these people.
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Korotkov, D. B., and T. V. Shershen. "Substantive and Procedural Representation: Civil Law and Family Law Aspects." Вестник Пермского университета. Юридические науки, no. 50 (2020): 738–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1995-4190-2020-50-738-761.
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Introduction: representation as a civil law relationship has long been an area of particular research interest, which can be explained by its special significance as one of the guarantors of the subject's right to free participation in civil circulation. At the same time, there have developed certain stereotypes in scientific research concerning the legal relationship of representation, the doctrine lacks a holistic approach to the study of representation as a relationship under civil law, which indicates the necessity of developing such an approach. Taking into consideration the dynamic development of procedural legislation, the legal relationship of representation is also undergoing changes, especially in relation to civil and family law relations. Purpose: to develop a holistic view on the current civil and family law regulation of substantive and procedural representation taking into account new changes in Russian procedural legislation. Methods: empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic; specific scientific methods: legal-dogmatic, comparative legal, method of interpretation of legal norms. Results: the study showed that representation should be considered as an organizational and informational relationship regulated by civil law within the framework of which the representative exercises the authority received from the represented person to perform on behalf of this person in relation to third parties legal actions and closely related to them factual actions entailing the emergence, change or termination of the rights and obligations of the person represented. Accordingly, a stable closed set of legal rules regulating this social relationship is called the institution of representation. Conclusions: representation as a legal relationship can be classified by types and forms: types are distinguished according to the branch affiliation (substantive or procedural law), while forms are distinguished according to the grounds for the emergence of the representative authority (representation by virtue of law, including based on an administrative act; contractual representation; representation from the situation). The legal relationship of representation is different from similar legal relationships (commission legal relationship, agency service, legal participation, activities of a signer’s assistant, activities of a mediator).
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Chernykh, I. I. "Interdisciplinary approach by IT-technologies implementation into the civil procedure." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2210, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2210/1/012002.
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Abstract This article substantiates that the demand for large research projects of the mega class in the field of social sciences is very high today. The system of regulators of public relations is faced with unprecedented challenges: from the need to develop state and world policies regarding the regulation of the use of AI and cyberspace to the determination of the boundaries of the possible replacement of humans with information technologies. The key aspect in this discourse is the activity of the state to ensure the protection of the rights in civil procedure. In this area, there is a need for an interdisciplinary and transnational nature of research. World legal practice needs a uniform approach to the digitalization of the law, to the status of IT-information, to its use in the cognitive activity of the court1. Introduction
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Dobkinа, K. R. "Social and economic aspects of reforming legislation participation of public authorities in civil procedure (on the second half of the XIX century)." Legal Novels 9 (2019): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32847/ln.2019.9.02.
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Meringolo, Patrizia. "Juvenile Justice System in Italy. Research and interventions." Universitas Psychologica 11, no. 4 (July 12, 2012): 1092. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.upsy11-4.jjsi.
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This paper talks about the juvenile justice system in Italy. The author describes the interventions done with minors, boys and girls aged from 14 until 18 years, who have committed offenses of the civil or penal code, by the New Code of Criminal Procedure for Minors (1988). The Procedures have had some positive psychological aspects, aimed to avoid detention, thanks to alternative measures and strategies for inclusion, including also the minors living in the South, that are often involved in mafia-crimes. Nonetheless there are more negative psychological issues, because alternative punishments are not often applied to minors that lack social networks, particularly to foreign ones. Three examples of participatory researches will be shown, promoted by the Municipality of Florence, Department of Psychology and Third Sector Associations, aimed to promote psychological and social inclusion of minors (particularly those coming from abroad), with the commitment of active citizenship organizations, with an evaluation of their strengths and weaknesses.
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Gadomska-Radel, Anna. "Legal Aspects of Domestic Violence in the Light of Amendments to the Police Act and Other Acts." Internal Security 13, no. 2 (December 29, 2021): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6546.
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Violence in the family is an important social issue and one of the most dangerous pathological problems leading to victimisation. It can take various forms, namely physical, psychological, economic and sexual abuse, and each time it causes multi-level consequences for all family members. The extent of domestic violence and its consequences show that the binding regulations of the Act on Counteracting Domestic Violence, as well as of the Code of Criminal Procedure, referring among others to the order for the perpetrator of domestic violence to leave the place of residence, have often proved insufficient in practice. It was therefore necessary to introduce more effective instruments of the legal protection of a person subjected to violence into the Polish legal system, allowing, inter alia, to order the offender to leave the place of residence with immediate effect. It was additionally improved by allowing the court, as a form of safeguarding measures under the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, to extend the validity of an order or a ban issued by the Police or Military Police for a further period of more than 14 days, as well as by speeding up the proceedings related to obliging a violent person to leave a shared dwelling and its immediate vicinity or bar him or her from the dwelling and its immediate vicinity. This was expressed in the Act of 30 April 2020 on amending the Act - the Code of Civil Procedure that came into force on 30 November 2020 and in some other acts. The introduced regulations will make it possible to ensure the safety of a person affected by violence who will not have to leave the dwelling to seek shelter for themselves and their children, and should also contribute to the improvement of victims’ situation and measures taken to counteract violence in the family.
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Barilovska, Taisiia. "Theoretical aspects of the housing contract." Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no. 1 (April 15, 2020): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.1.2020.81.
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The article highlights the features of the residential lease agreement and its types. Particular attention is paid to the residential lease agreement, the subject of which has been individually owned by citizens.
Subject to the Constitution of Ukraine the right to housing is one of the most important human rights, therefore, the state must protect this right. Modern legal regulation of housing relations proceeds from the fact that housing is a need of the citizens, which becomes a problem for the citizens themselves, although the solution of the housing problem is still proclaimed as one of the priority areas of the state policy. Constantly rising housing prices, declining volume of its construction, low incomes – it all leads to the fact that the purchase of an apartment or even a room remains just a dream, impossible even in the distant future, for most Ukrainians.
Public housing has not yet fulfilled its function of providing constitutional social guarantees for housing rights, primarily for low-income groups. The objective reason for the slow progress in it is the protracted and deep economic crisis in Ukraine, the actual refusal of the state to fulfill its earlier commitments to improve the citizens’ housing conditions, as well as a radical change in Ukraine’s housing policy. It is necessary to create socially acceptable mechanisms aimed at encouraging citizens with sufficient income to improve housing conditions at the expense of the housing market and at implementing new principles for providing social housing to and using it by low-income groups who need better housing conditions.
The analysis of the social residential lease agreement shows that it is a legal institution on the edge between the fields of civil and administrative law. In a broader sense, the social residential lease agreement is an important element of the system of social protection of citizens, and in this context it can be characterized as some obligation of the state to guarantee a life-long right to housing. The question is only how one can integrate a legal institute, taken from the former socialist legal system, into an existing legal system.
In the course of the research, the concept of the "residential lease agreement" has also been revealed, the types of residential lease agreements have been examined, the features of this agreement as an object of private property and the procedure for rendering services under the agreement have been clarified.
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Kolodyazhnaya, A. I. "Novelties in Surrogacy Arrangements Regulation in European Countries." Actual Problems of Russian Law 17, no. 8 (July 18, 2022): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2022.141.8.150-156.
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The paper analyzes some of the legal aspects of the surrogacy regulation in the most representative states of Europe. The author raises a complex moral and ethical issue of the admissibility of surrogate maternity legalization, considers various approaches to its ban (partial ban). In addition to the principles of the civil legislation of France identification, the author also assesses the existing legal regulation. This assessment is made taking into account the latest reforms in the civil legislation of France, including the negative consequences of such, for example, the impossibility of inheritance, receiving social benefits, the need to undergo an additional procedure for the adoption of a child by a woman to whom a surrogate mother gave the child. Along with the prohibitions of surrogate motherhood in France, the author refers to the jurisprudence and legislation of Germany, which follows a similar approach. On the other hand, the author examines the procedures of gratuitous surrogacy provided for in the Portuguese legislation, which became the result of another reform in the field of legal regulation of bioethics, as well as one of the most liberal regimes created in Greece.
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Casado, Tatiana, Maria Victoria Rosselló, and Ana Cañas-Lerma. "Changes in Social Interventions after COVID-19: The Experience of Front-Line Social Workers." Social Sciences 12, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci12010041.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way of delivering social services in primary care settings all over the world. In March 2020 the lockdowns in every European country forced the population to adjust their lives to the new scenario. Welfare states had to quickly respond to the urgent social and economic needs of the citizens. Therefore, social workers were compelled to modify their standard procedures to overcome the difficulties they faced during the first months after lockdown orders were issued due to COVID-19. The present research analyzes the interviews conducted with twelve Spanish social workers to find out their perceptions and concerns about the consequences of that period. Results showed great changes in the way of delivering social services (simplifying procedures and managing an increasing workload), but also demonstrated different strategies that these professionals implemented to prevent burnout or compassion fatigue (team spirit, efforts to develop interinstitutional coordination, support to civil society in non-profit initiatives). Implications in organizational aspects are discussed.
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Bakurova, Natalya N. "New Models of Human Rights Protection in Enforcement Proceedings: The Administrative Procedure Aspect." Administrative law and procedure 3 (March 10, 2022): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2071-1166-2022-3-70-73.
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The article deals with the issues of goal-setting of enforcement proceedings, novelties of legislation on it, means and methods of ensuring human rights in enforcement proceedings with the use of administrative procedural means. The author characterizes the change in the administrative-legal status of the bailiff-executor of the enforcement body, which was a prerequisite for new opportunities for the use of administrative-procedural forms and means of influencing the debtor in the course of enforcement proceedings, which, of course, on the one hand, is due to new administrative-jurisdictional powers that ensure its effectiveness, at the same time, on the other, stimulates a more responsible approach to the performance of duties, ensuring guarantees of respect for human and civil rights in the process under consideration. In addition, the author comes to the conclusion that the new model of enforcement proceedings is a stage on the way to ensuring real protection of human rights, since its administrative and procedural role in ensuring human well-being as a category of goal-setting is enormous, since it affects all aspects of society: social, cultural, affects the economy of the country as a whole and the welfare of a single citizen or a claimant organization.
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Dokalenko Varvara, Dokalenko Varvara. "REGULATORY AND LEGAL SUPPORT OF INTERACTION BETWEEN PUBLIC AUTHORITIES AND CIVIL SOCIETY INSTITUTIONS IN UKRAINE." Socio World-Social Research & Behavioral Sciences 03, no. 01 (January 14, 2021): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/swd0301202115.
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The article examines the features of regulatory and legal support for the interaction of public authorities and civil society institutions in Ukraine, identifies existing problems and identifies promising areas for their solution. It is established that today there are a number of legislative acts that directly regulate the activities of civil society institutions, and other acts that contain certain aspects of the existence of civil society. This includes the Constitution of Ukraine, which defines the general principles of power-social interaction, laws governing the most important issues of power-social interaction, as well as bylaws that specify the legislation on power-social interaction for the prompt resolution of issues. It is determined that in Ukraine there is currently a problem with the regulation of media activities, as the authorities need to balance between strict control and full loyalty. The effectiveness of trade unions remains a big question, as a significant number of the employed population work in the private sector, often not quite legally, which does not allow to influence the protection of their rights. He is waiting for a solution to the issue of the activity of public councils under the authorities. It is concluded that the current regulatory framework does not ensure public interest in participating in their activities due to the complex procedure of formation and operation in general. Keywords: public authorities, civil society institutions, public associations, public councils, mass media, trade unions.
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Sysojev, Oleksij. "ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF LICENCING IN HIGHER EDUCATION." Osvitolohiya, no. 8 (2019): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2226-3012.2019.8.7280.
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The study provides an insight into administrative and legal aspects of licensing higher educational institutions, analyses changes in the licensing system of higher educational institutions and examines measures aimed at nhancing the role of this institution in addressing the problem of quality assurance of higher educational institutions. The author investigates the legal nature and administrative aspects of licensing in higher education and proves that licensing in higher education is an administrative procedure, which takes into account the specific nature and characteristics of the activities of an educational institution, that are stipulated by the corresponding regulatory documents. The paper determines licensing as a legal phenomenon, which means that licensing activity belongs to the system of state-executive relations, the core of which is the organizing the citizens and the legal entities’ activities in the spheres where steadfast adherence to definite requirements and certain legal behavior is expected. One of the key research questions of this paper was the ambiguity of the concept of licensing in scientific literature, which combines the norms of administrative and civil law. Social and legal functions of licensing higher education institutions with the aim of their effective functioning in social and legal environment are outlined. Further, the author identifies the characteristic features of licensing in education. This article also address the research questions of licensing in education and offers the conclusions regarding the features of licensing as a legal phenomenon. The role of licensing activity in the system of state-executive relations and its contents and constituents are determined.
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Tzenios, Nikolaos. "Proposal for policy change in the procedure of civil asset forfeiture." Routledge Open Research 2 (January 10, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/routledgeopenres.17693.1.
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Without the proper due process, the civil asset forfeiture procedure violates the constitutional rights of citizens. The proposal aims to address the current right granted to the police to seize the property of civilians. The authorizing laws established by the Assets Forfeiture Fund and the Equitable Sharing Program are problematic in offering a loophole for the abuse of the property rights of American citizens. While some states have abolished the practice, federal laws still support their enforcement. The deficiencies in the policies raise discussion of the issue of policies for profit as a major aspect of civil asset forfeiture. This proposal is to outlaw instances of civil asset forfeiture without due process on the federal level. On the state level, the preferred outcome would also include reform by repealing the laws allowing property seizure. The resistance to change in the legislature should be addressed by securing the success of the policy, taking advantage of the current unpopularity of unregulated asset forfeiture, and creating the base for integration of the process on the federal level. The proposal calls for identifying stakeholders, analyzing their views, and strengthening their support. The social and political opposition should be addressed by putting emphasis on fundamental American values. The action plan and implementation process are built upon efficient communication by the policy committee to engage stakeholders and the wider public in the process. With clearly defined priorities and budget allocation, the policy will ultimately evolve into a legislative and organizational tool. Using the strategies of ascertainment of stakeholders and reframing issues to ensure appeal to American values, the change at federal and state levels will be achievable. While the change will lead to debate, significant improvement and the protection of rights is attainable in due process.
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Harmatyuk, V. O. "Theoretical and legal aspects of combating corruption in Ukraine." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 4 (November 27, 2022): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2022.04.2.
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It was determined that corruption is a complex not only legal, but also social phenomenon. The factors of successful anti-corruption have long been known and tested by the international community. These are, first of all, openness of government,transparency and clarity of state decision-making procedures, effective mechanisms of control over the activities of state bodies by civil society, freedom of speech, freedom and independence of mass media.Under the conditions of large-scale corruption, the emphasis is on the elimination of the causes, and not on the fight against specific manifestations.Thus, for the legal systems of some developed countries, the use of the term «struggle» in the legislation is not characteristic at all - the legislators lay down in the normative legal act the principles of the prevention of offenses related to a certain sphere of activity.
It was established that the formation of the content of the concept of undue advantage in the legislation of Ukraine is influenced by two different factors at once: 1) a broad understanding of this term in accordance with the tradition of the EU countries and 2) a narrow understanding in accordance with the tradition of the majority of CIS member states and the Istanbul Action Plan.In the author’s understanding, corruption is a socially dangerous phenomenon caused by the crisis features of the country’s social development, which is characterized by a deliberate violation of legal and ethical norms in the exercise of power by officials, on the one hand, and by interested subjects, on the other, which leads to negative consequences in all spheres of social life. This term is broader than the interpretation of the concept of corruption in the current legislation and in the concepts of many scientists, but it covers the main approaches to understanding the concept of corruption as a phenomenon. At the same time, it is possible to formulate the basis of the characteristics of the concept of corruption - the violation of social norms in the process of exercising power.At the same time, the concept of corruption without the element of exercise of power cannot be applied, since the process of exercise of power is the main categorical element of the concept of corruption. In normative acts, it is necessary to generalize the conceptual structure of corruption not as a crime, but as a phenomenon, because the processes that objectively exist in society, caused by the abuse of the official position of civil servants, need to be covered by this concept of various spheres of society’s life, in particular, political, socioeconomic and cultural and humanitarian. Such a state of affairs arises when, as a result of improper prevention and fight against the phenomenon of corruption, a subculture is formed among civil servants who equate civil service with the possibility of systematically using the official position for personal gain.In the future, the concept of the phenomenon of corruption must continue to be studied at the interdisciplinary level, when the methodological apparatus of political, economic and complex humanities will make it possible to categorically enrich legal science in the process of effective comprehensive interpretation of the concept of «corruption».
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Mikhailina, T., Yu Hotsulyak, and A. Gel. "The role of social entrepreneurship in the formation of the social state." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, no. 72 (November 27, 2022): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.72.79.
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The purpose of the scientific article is to analyze the essence of social entrepreneurship and its role in building a social state.
The results of the study refute the thesis that any state is socially in its essence. Although social policy can be implemented by different methods, and the existence of different models of the social state is a recognized fact, however, different methods and ways may form the essence of the state, which generally corresponds to its social direction.
The conducted research allows to state the multidimensional role of social entrepreneurship: 1) as a tool for increasing entrepreneurial activity; 2) as an institution of civil society and a means of self-organization of individuals to solve pressing social problems; 3) as a basis for building a social state.Attention is focused on the fact that the institution of social entrepreneurship can be recognized as intersectoral and located on the border of economic, social and legal systems. As an institution of the economic system, social entrepreneurship is a type of entrepreneurship as such, contributes to increasing economic potential and implementing entrepreneurial initiative. As an institution of the social system, social entrepreneurship is aimed at self-organizing individuals to jointly solve the problems of a particular community, since on the ground the problems and needs of the community are much more obvious. At the same time, in the legal system, social entrepreneurship can be considered: 1) in the aspect of civil society, as one of themany means for building a social state governed by the rule of Law; 2) as a component of the subject of legal regulation in economic law.
It is noted that now the legislation of Ukraine does not provide a legal definition of Social Entrepreneurship, its features are not highlighted and the procedure for carrying out such activities is not regulated. Regulation of social entrepreneurship is carried out within the framework of general regulation of entrepreneurial activity, which does not contribute to its effectiveness, since its purpose and the procedure for using income differ significantly.
It is concluded that in order to activate social entrepreneurship in wartime and during the country’s recovery from military aggression, the state needs to minimize the use of coercive mechanisms in the economic sphere, expanding the use of legal incentives as much as possible.
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Maryanto, Maryanto, and Wahyuni Safitri. "MEKANISME PENYELESAIAN PERKARA PERSELISIHAN HUBUNGAN INDUSTRIAL DITINJAU DARI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 2 TAHUN 2004 TENTANG PENYELESAIAN PERSELISIHAN HUBUNGAN INDUSTRIAL PADA PENGADILAN NEGERI KLAS IA SAMARINDA." Yuriska : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 10, no. 1 (February 4, 2020): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/yrs.v10i1.261.
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The relation between legal subjects such as person or legal entity in a case, frequently generates dispute. Along with the complexity of social life, then, the more parties are involved in the dispute, the wider scope of the dispute case. One of the concerned dispute in the society is Industrial Relations Disputes that become the competence of Industrial Relations Court. Since 2015, The Act No. 2/2004 about Industrial Relations Dispute Settlement has enforced effectively, it still has many weaknesses, wether from practical or regulation aspects. The legal problems of its Act cause the settlement of Industrial Relations Dispute become less effective and efficient, also hamper the principle of constante justitite (principle of rapid, fair and easy trial). The research concluded that the practical/operational level of the Judges Panel in examining and adjudicating the cases of Industrial Relations Dispute in Industrial Relations Court of Samarinda, which tend to apply the general civil procedure law, from the examination of legal standing of the parties, exception, interlocutory decision, replik, duplik, writen proof, the witnesses, experts/professional witnesses, conclusion and verdict. This procedures only prolong the examination and trial process to settle the case of Industrial Relations Dispute. Therefore, the SOP (Standard Operational Procedure) of the settlement of Industrial Relations Dispute cannot be well-implemented yet as the mandate of the law.
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Maryanto, Maryanto, and Wahyuni Safitri. "MEKANISME PENYELESAIAN PERKARA PERSELISIHAN HUBUNGAN INDUSTRIAL DITINJAU DARI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 2 TAHUN 2004 TENTANG PENYELESAIAN PERSELISIHAN HUBUNGAN INDUSTRIAL PADA PENGADILAN NEGERI KLAS IA SAMARINDA." Yuriska : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 10, no. 1 (February 25, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/yrs.v10i1.267.
Full textAbstract:
The relation between legal subjects such as person or legal entity in a case, frequently generates dispute. Along with the complexity of social life, then, the more parties are involved in the dispute, the wider scope of the dispute case. One of the concerned dispute in the society is Industrial Relations Disputes that become the competence of Industrial Relations Court. Since 2015, The Act No. 2/2004 about Industrial Relations Dispute Settlement has enforced effectively, it still has many weaknesses, wether from practical or regulation aspects. The legal problems of its Act cause the settlement of Industrial Relations Dispute become less effective and efficient, also hamper the principle of constante justitite (principle of rapid, fair and easy trial). The research concluded that the practical/operational level of the Judges Panel in examining and adjudicating the cases of Industrial Relations Dispute in Industrial Relations Court of Samarinda, which tend to apply the general civil procedure law, from the examination of legal standing of the parties, exception, interlocutory decision, replik, duplik, writen proof, the witnesses, experts/professional witnesses, conclusion and verdict. This procedures only prolong the examination and trial process to settle the case of Industrial Relations Dispute. Therefore, the SOP (Standard Operational Procedure) of the settlement of Industrial Relations Dispute cannot be well-implemented yet as the mandate of the law.
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Vardanyan, Galina, and Olga Aivazova. "Protection of the Rights and Legitimate Interests of Legal Persons in Criminal Proceedings: a Correlation of Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure and Forensic Aspects." Russian Journal of Criminology 13, no. 3 (July 4, 2019): 498–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2019.13(3).498-505.
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The transformation of the status and role of legal persons in modern civil society as one of the consequences of global social and economic reforms of the post-Soviet period brought about a need for strengthening the guarantees of protecting the rights and legitimate interests of legal persons. The guarantees of protecting legal persons against criminal infringements are very important in this case. The lawmakers have done an enormous amount of work in this sphere: the norms of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation contain a considerate number of crimes whose characteristic features are infringements on the rights and legitimate interests of legal persons, while the norms of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation make it possible to recognize not only a physical, but also a legal person as a victim. The authors describe some criminalistically relevant features of subjects who are likely to commit crimes against the property or business reputation of legal persons, depending, among other things, on the existence or absence of official legal relations (civil law, labor) between legal persons and the subjects of crime. As for the extensive scientific discussion on the introduction of the institute of criminal liability of legal persons into Russian criminal legislation, the authors side with the opponents (at least, at the present stage) of such an innovation. At the same time, they stress that it is absolutely necessary to look for the ways to improve the effectiveness of counteracting criminal infringements against legal persons. The authors believe that an effective way to resolve this problem could be the development of a complex methodology of investigating crimes against legal persons. The theoretical and methodological basis of this scientific sphere, its main ideas (its concept) make it possible to identify and systematize general regularities of the mechanism of criminal actions in this sphere; a good understanding of these regularities will help develop a complex of methodical and criminalistic recommendations that meet the requirements of the legal science and the investigation and court practice.
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Suhardjo, Suhardjo. "Dampak Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Langsung dalam Pembinaan Aparatur Sipil Negara (Studi Kasus pada Pemerintah Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan)." Anterior Jurnal 19, no. 1 (December 22, 2019): 7–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/anterior.v19i1.1166.
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Direct Regional Head Elections that occur in Indonesia are based on Law Number 1 of 2015 concerning the Establishment of Government Regulations in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2014 concerning the Election of Governors, Regents, and Mayors Becoming Laws, which are in the legislation regulating the procedure for the election of Governors, Regents, and Mayors, as well as this, has occurred the South Kalimantan Province post-conflict local election held on 9 December 2015 to elect the Governor of South Kalimantan for the 2016-2021 period. In this study, researchers chose to use a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques by means of interviews and observation and documentation. The results of this study are The Impact of the Election of Direct Regional Heads in the Development of State Civil Apparatus Careers in the South Kalimantan Provincial Government in terms of State Civil Apparatus Social is the impression/perception for the State Civil Apparatus that the Regional Head is elected from the election directly as if there is always a connection with supporting the support of the State Civil Apparatus to candidates for Regional Head Candidates when they start the campaign process until the election. (b) Judging from the Economic aspects of the State Civil Apparatus, particularly the South Kalimantan Provincial Government, those in income as long as those originating from Salaries and allowances are relatively still in accordance with the provisions of the legislation concerning inherent Salary and Job Allowances, and the reference to Regional Allowances.
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Izinger, Aleksandr Viktorovich. "Particular organizational and legal aspects of an external pat-down." Полицейская и следственная деятельность, no. 3 (March 2020): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7810.2020.3.34140.
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The research subject is the set of laws regulating the grounds for and the procedure of an external pat-down by the police officers. The research object is social relations emerging during an external pat-down carried out by the police officers for the purpose of public order and safety protection. The article deals with the questions of public order protection by the police officers using an external pat-down. The author considers the problems of legal regulation of this type of search using comparative analysis, and defines the organizational aspects of an external pat-down. The author focuses on the legal grounds for the prevention of citizens’ counteraction to police officers performing an external pat-down. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the complex analysis of an external pat-down carried out by police officers for the purpose of personal safety protection. Based on the analysis of laws and law-enforcement practice, the author defines the tactics of police officers carrying out an external pat-down in situations beyond the scope of legal regulation. The author emphasizes the necessity to strictly observe civil and political rights during an external pat-down. In this context, the author draws attention to the peculiarities of carrying out an external pat-down by a police officer of the same gender as a searched person, and the legality of actions in case the objects, potentially dangerous for the police officers but not prohibited for civilian circulation, are found.
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Chamorro, Alondra, and Susan Tighe. "Development and Application of a Sustainable Management System for Unpaved Rural Road Networks." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 12 (September 15, 2019): 891–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119864908.
Full textAbstract:
For the sustainable management of rural roads, social, institutional, technical, economic and environmental aspects should be considered under a long-term perspective. The current practice in developing countries is that only some of these key sustainable aspects are considered in the management process. In addition, rural roads maintenance management is commonly performed under a short-term basis, not considering the life-cycle costs and benefits in the economic analysis and project prioritization. This paper presents the development of a sustainable management system for rural road networks and its application in developing countries. The approach considers the development of a sustainable framework, application of a network-level condition evaluation methodology, condition performance models for gravel and earth roads, cost-effective maintenance standards, a long-term prioritization procedure that accounts for sustainable aspects, and a computer tool that integrates the system components. The management system has been applied and validated in two unpaved rural road networks in developing countries, located in Chile and Paraguay. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to assess the impacts of input parameters in the performance of developed system. As a result of the research an adaptable and adoptable sustainable management system for rural networks has been developed to assist local road agencies in developing countries.
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Solonchuk, I. V., and I. V. Poliakova. "INSTITUTE OF CORRESPONDENCE JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS IN CIVIL CASES: SIGNIFICANCE AND DISADVANTAGES." Actual problems of native jurisprudence 1, no. 1 (March 3, 2021): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/392112.
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This article is devoted to the consideration of features, as well as highlighting the importance, essence and shortcomings of the institution of correspondence litigation in civil proceedings of Ukraine. The normative-legal regulation of this institute is given. The historical sources of this institute are given, the direction of this institute in the modern civil procedural legislation of Ukraine is specified. The peculiarities, as well as the specifics of the content and procedure for making a decision in absentia are indicated. Isolation and comparison of absentee and ordinary court decisions are made. The importance of absentee trial in civil proceedings is considered, based on the current legislation of Ukraine. The direction of this institute is determined, it is noted that its existence is aimed at expanding the principles of dispositiveness of the civil process. Various aspects of understanding absentee proceedings in the legal literature are considered, the conditions for conducting absentee proceedings, which are provided by the civil procedural legislation, are given. The purpose of introduction of correspondence consideration of case among the international legal acts is allocated and own understanding of such purpose is allocated. A study was conducted, the results of which clarified the importance of decisions in absentia and the problems that can be distinguished from such results. The shortcomings of law enforcement and the work of the judicial system are identified based on the above statistics. It is determined that the functioning of the institute of correspondence proceedings in civil proceedings is not without its shortcomings, and therefore this institute needs to be improved, concretized, and also requires bringing the norms to the current state in connection with the transformation of social relations. The opinions of scientists on the shortcomings of the application of the institute of correspondence proceedings are analyzed and given, their own attitude is given. The problematic aspects of reviewing decisions in absentia that may be considered illegal are identified. The notion of absentee proceedings and absentee decision is analyzed, the difference between them is determined, based on the definition of such notions in the civil procedural legislation, the shortcomings of such consolidation of notions by the legislator are noted.
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Kolotukha, I. "Expropriation of undeveloped land of communal property, which is leased. Some aspects." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, no. 69 (April 15, 2022): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.69.17.
Full textAbstract:
The issue related to the peculiarities of the legal regime of the leased property is considered. We are talking about the possibility of selling communal land plots outside of land auctions, which by law must be carried out by local governments in the case of alienation of land plots free of development to individuals or legal entities.
This article analyzes the provisions of national legislation such as the Civil Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine "On Land Lease", provides examples of case law of the Supreme Court of Ukraine and the decisions of the Constitutional Court, which regulates this issue.
In disclosing the provisions of the article, the author pays considerable attention to the term the preemptive right of the tenant, what it is and how it relates to the concept of redemption of land from public auction (land auction).
The author analyzes in detail the provisions of the Law of Ukraine "On Land Lease", in particular, much attention is paid to the disclosure of the content of articles that directly allow the exercise of the preemptive right to purchase land leased. Thus, a tenant who, in accordance with the law, may own a leased land plot, has a preemptive right to acquire it in the case of sale of this land plot, provided that he pays the price at which it is sold, and in the case of sale at auction - if his bid is equal to the bid that is the largest of the bids offered by the auction participants.
No less important in this context are the provisions of the Civil Code of Ukraine, which are characterized in this article and reveal the identical meaning of the concepts, which is reflected in the special law on land lease and in Art. 777 of the CCU, on the preemptive right of the lessee to repurchase the thing that he rented. Distinctive are the provisions of civil law, which are also analyzed by the author in this paper, on the identification of things in civil circulation, and which of them may be the subject of land auctions, taking into account Art. 777 CCU. Yes, it is stated that a thing is an object of the material world, in respect of which civil rights and obligations may arise. Immovable property (real estate, real estate) includes land plots and objects located on it, the movement of which is impossible without their depreciation.
No less necessary in law enforcement is the practice of national courts, which essentially confirms the provisions of Art. 9 of the Law on Land Lease and indicates the possible consequences of overcoming the legal conflict in the application of the Land Code of Ukraine, which prohibits the sale of undeveloped land of communal property outside the land auctions. No less significant is the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, which is cited in this article. According to its content, in order to maintain social justice in society as a component of the public interest, the national legislator may allow the protection of the interests of property tenants by imposing restrictions on the right of its owners to determine the terms of sale of leased property.
An important circumstance is the avoidance of litigation to challenge the procedure and the outcome of land auctions. In essence, land auctions are a transaction. Thus, given that the alienation of property from public auction refers to purchase and sale agreements, such an agreement may be declared invalid on the basis of civil law on the invalidity of the transaction (Articles 203, 215 of the Civil Code of Ukraine). And invalidating the results of the land auction will not give the tenant effective protection of his preemptive right to repurchase the leased land, but will only continue his efforts to do so. As the author of this article rightly points out.
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Saliu, Xhemile, and Kaprolli Fjolla Ismaili. "Inheritance and the Role of Notaries in Inheritance Procedure in the Republic of North Macedonia." European Journal of Social Science Education and Research 9, no. 2 (May 15, 2022): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/556liz78.
Full textAbstract:
In the Republic of Northern Macedonia, the right to property and inheritance are guaranteed by the state constitution and the law of inheritance. According to the Macedonian legislature, all citizens, regardless of their differences in terms of religion, race, nationality and gender under the same conditions are equal in inheritance. In the Republic of Northern Macedonia, the inheritance of the deceased is inherited primarily by his children and spouse. They inherit equal parts. In terms of inheritance, the extramarital partner equals the marital spouse, and the extramarital union created by full adoption by blood relation. When there are children of the testator that do not originate from the marriage with the surviving spouse and the property of this spouse is more than the share that would belong to him in the division of the will in equal parts, then each child of the testator has twice as much part of the inheritance than the spouse. In terms of court proceedings, in the Republic of Northern Macedonia the procedure is conducted before civil courts. The court sets up the proceedings on the basis of official duty when it receives data on the death of a certain person (death certificate). The competent court entrusts this procedure to the Notary, within eight days from the day of the beginning of the procedure. Notaries further have the authority to take action and make decisions in the inheritance procedure. When it comes to the notary as an institution, it is very old, which is proven in various documents from the time of Egyptian and Roman law. With the process of democratization of the legal systems of many countries in the world, and also with the democratization of the legal system in the Republic of North Macedonia, in 1996 notary was introduced as an independent public service, which performs public works for private interest. The significance of this paper relies on the importance of the institute of inheritance and the inheritance procedure as one of the oldest institutes of civil law, i.e. one of the largest non-litigation procedures, but also of the great social significance it has for each individual. In the Republic of North Macedonia, this procedure is regulated by the Law on non-contentious procedure. This paper will try to focus on the work and the entrusted powers of the notary public in the inheritance procedure, as well as why the notary public was entrusted with the conduct of the inheritance procedure. All this is intended to be achieved through theoretical analysis and by analyzing cases before and after it was given to the notaries the authorization for conducting the inheritance procedure in our country. This paper in addition to having theoretical significance, will also have a number of practical aspects. Efforts will be made to show the practical importance of this paper, especially the reasons that contributed to the appearance of this novelty, i.e. the participation of the notary public in this procedure. First of all, with this unloading of the court from the inheritance procedures, the increase of the trust of the citizens, as participants in the inheritance procedure, has been achieved. Apart from this aspect, it also enables the acceleration of the resolution of cases and the increase of the efficiency of our legal system, because the cases will not remain closed in the drawers of judges for years, especially those cases that do not deserve to remain unresolved because they have nothing disputable. Through research methods will be identified difficulties in terms of legislation in the relevant field and the implementation of these legal norms in the application of regulation in this field.
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Tushnet, Mark. "The Legitimation of the Administrative State: Some Aspects of the Work of Thurgood Marshall." Studies in American Political Development 5, no. 1 (1991): 94–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x00000171.
Full textAbstract:
The judicial role in the construction of the twentieth-century state was decisively structured by the interaction of developments in jurisprudence and by changes in the organization of the regulation of economic activity. Individual judges brought their backgrounds and political predispositions to the task as well, and we will gain a full understanding of the judicial role in structuring the state only by integrating biography, jurisprudence, and political economy. This article examines the work of Justice Thurgood Marshall in constructing the post-New Deal settlement of the relations among people in their capacity as consumers, people in their capacity as workers, and capital. That settlement was expressed in legal forms that departed from the common law doctrines that had for two centuries provided one of the legitimating ideologies of social relations. With the construction of the administrative state came the need to reconstitute not only the legal structures that supported the agencies of government, but also the ideological structures that explained the legitimacy of these innovations. While legal academics articulated carefully thought out defenses of the administrative state, judges provided the citizenry with less developed but, perhaps, more easily understood ideologies. Justice Marshall's work in areas of labor law and civil procedure provides insight into the dimensions of the legal legitimation of the administrative state, while his unique experience as a lawyer and his place within the Court illuminate the importance of biographical factors in a full explanation of the construction of the legal structures of the administrative state.
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Shpiliarevych, Viktoriia. "Some aspects of the study of international standards in the field of combating domestic violence and its impact on the criminal law policy of Ukraine." Slovo of the National School of Judges of Ukraine, no. 1(34) (July 5, 2021): 140–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37566/2707-6849-2021-1(34)-12.
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The article states that domestic violence, existing in all spheres of public life, as a result leads into the destruction of family values, violation of human and civil rights and freedoms, makes an irreparable impact on mental and physical health of victims. Therefore, since ancient times it has been a problem of human existence, and, unfortunately, it is to remain relevant nowadays. In modern social developments, counteraction of domestic violence is one of the priorities not only of internal policy of any state, but also an issue of international criminal law policy. In particular, the study of about its extension in different countries proves the international nature of this negative social phenomenon. The fact that counteraction of domestic violence has become a part of Ukraine's domestic policy to create a society free of gender-based violence, was finally affirmed on November 7, 2011, when the Ukrainian state joined the Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence adopted by the Council of Europe of May 11, 2011. The most important event in the history of criminal law policy in the field of domestic violence was the adoption on December 6, 2017, of the bills «On Amendments to the Criminal and Criminal Procedure Codes of Ukraine to implement the Council of Europe' Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence». As a result, on January 11, 2019, the General and Special parts of the Criminal Code of Ukraine were supplemented with a number of norms related to the scope of counteraction of this negative social phenomenon.
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Venediktov, V. S., and I. O. Kravchenko. "Mediation: from theoretical aspects to the practical implementation of migrants labor rights." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 4 (April 28, 2022): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2021.04.16.
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In the article, the authors explores the concept of mediation as a way to resolve labor disputes during the practical implementation of labor rights of migrants. The urgency of the research topic is due to the increase in the number of labor migrants from Ukrainian citizens abroad, as well as the gradual increase in the quality of labor in Ukraine from abroad. Migration processes are related to the realization by citizens not only of the right to work, but also of the right to social protection, living standards, and other inalienable rights. The authors emphasize that the problems of migrant workers are studied only in quantitative terms, and their practical solution through the improvement of the mechanism of mediation support in resolving labor disputes remains unnoticed by scholars and requires special attention. Under the concept of mediation, the authors understand the pre-trial method of resolving disputes, but focuses on the fact that the Law of Ukraine "On Mediation" does not contain a mechanism for protecting migrant workers and needs to be finalized in this area. The migration process involves the transfer of human labor not only from Ukraine but also in Ukraine (from among foreign nationals). The number of migrant workers is growing every year, and the number of cases of violation of migrants' labor rights, which require a mediator and mediation procedures involvement, is automatically increasing. There are two parties to individual labor disputes: the worker and the employer. Disputes in court can be resolved through administrative or civil proceedings. According to the authors, the essence of the dispute may be resumption of work, registration of employment, compensation for material damage, dismissal, formulation of reasons for dismissal, disciplinary action, payment for downtime, forced absences, and more. The appeal to the court to resolve the dispute on the part of the employee is associated either with awareness of legal norms that directly indicate a violation of labor rights, or with the acquisition of legal assistance (information from counsel, lawyer), or illustrative examples of such disputes. The employer's appeal to the court is motivated by awareness of the law, which he is directly guided by in its activities, as well as the presence of the legal service. The authors also give examples of the impossibility of resolving a labor dispute through the mediation procedure, to the special nature of the labor dispute. Signs of unmediability are the lack of a direct ban on mediation; the nature of the dispute or a direct indication of its resolution through mediation; the possibility of procedural registration of the mediation procedure; the subject and content of the dispute do not contradict morality and public order. The authors cite an accident at work and negligent attitude to work as an example of such a sign. In other cases, mediation is permissible. Specific issues of prohibition of mediation in labor law should be reflected in current legislation.
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Savina, Anna Vladimirovna, and Nikolay Antonovich Pridvorov. "Legal regulation of social entrepreneurship in Russia." Current Issues of the State and Law, no. 12 (2019): 540–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-9340-2019-3-12-540-548.
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We consider the issues of entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship correlation; analyze the concepts definitions of “social entrepreneurship”, “socially oriented noncommercial organization”, “social enterprise”; comprehend the issues of the social entrepreneurs legal status, consider the regulatory procedure for recognizing a small or medium-sized business as a social enterprise. It is noted that the difference between “entrepreneurship” and “social entrepreneurship” depends on the goal that guides the participant in civil relations. We analyze and correlate the private-legal and public-legal foundations for social entrepreneurs support, we study the issue of social en-trepreneurship in foreign countries; attention is paid to the aspect of state support for social entrepreneurs, socially oriented noncommercial organiza-tion. We emphasize the necessity of developing a legal concept for the devel-opment of social entrepreneurship in Russia, which underlies the selection of projects that could qualify for one of the forms of state support in the field of social entrepreneurship. We consider the issue of social contract. We outline the idea of agreements differentiation concluded in the field of social entrepreneurship on the basis of the state participation in such relations. It is emphasized that agreements can be the result of proactive entrepreneurship aimed at achieving a socially beneficial result and not claiming financial support from the state, but, on the contrary, can be of a cascading nature and include no less than three parties, one of which is the state.
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Agrawal, Kinshuk, Hemant K. Suman, and Nomesh B. Bolia. "Frequency Optimization Models for Reducing Overcrowding Discomfort." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 5 (April 23, 2020): 160–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120912230.
Full textAbstract:
One of the most important aspects of improving public bus transport attractiveness is reducing overcrowding in buses. However, most of the mathematical models that focus on designing bus services minimize the total social cost without considering the overcrowding discomfort. Further, they are mostly non-linear in nature and use heuristic and meta-heuristic approaches. Thus, they are difficult to understand and use by practitioners. This work addresses these gaps through models that include overcrowding discomfort and are also easy to implement and contextualize by practitioners. The authors develop one non-linear and two linear models to determine the optimum frequency of buses and apply them over a network of 34 routes of Delhi. The results reveal that the existing number of buses in Delhi is not sufficient to cater to the existing travel demand of peak hours, even after their optimum allocation. The authors also present a step-by-step procedure to enable practitioners to determine the minimum additional number of buses required to reduce the target discomfort and waiting time.
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Savčić, Sanja. "“Fake News” in Serbia: Civil Law Perspective." Law, Identity and Values 2, no. 1 (2022): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.55073/2022.1.189-202.
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Misinformation concerning politics, economics, health, and other society’s spheres is probably as old as society itself. In the era preceding the media and the Internet in particular, this problem was in focus within the small groups. Nowadays, when global network communication intensifies the exchange of information, making it easier and faster, the exponential increase in fake news shows its potential to harm or at least endanger fundamental human rights. The phenomenon of fake news is brought to a new level worldwide. As such, it has been a subject of various research areas. Speaking at the basic level of the legal approach to the phenomenon, fake news as such is nothing more than speech. In this respect, there is no means to forbid fake news just because it consists of false or incomplete information. However, when the consequences of producing and spreading such information jeopardize or harm the public or someone’s right or interest, the “fake news” stops being just a social problem and it opens the door of law. In that sense, the approach to this phenomenon in the Serbian legal system will be analyzed in this section, in particular civil law aspects. When the right is harmed, the right holder is entitled to claim action, which leads to repairing consequences. In that sense, several claims are frequently used in civil procedures: demand to determine the infringement, demand to cease the infringement of the right, demand to remove the consequences of the infringement, compensation for damage caused by infringement, and demand to publish judicial decisions. Based on the Serbian case law, the more frequently invoked claim against fake news creators is the claim for monetary damages. Aside from this analysis, there will be satirical content, parody, and similar legally protected ‘false’ speech.
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Mazepov, Petr Evgenievich. "The improvement of legal regulation of franchising in the conditions of digital economy." Право и политика, no. 3 (March 2020): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2020.3.32430.
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The subject of this research is the legal regulation of franchising at the current stage of economic development. The object of this research is social relations emerging as a result of conducting business activity in the form of franchising. The present state of legal regulation of franchising in the Russian Federation is being analyzed. Special attention is paid to the aspects of regulation of this institution in the conditions of digitalization. The author examines the prospects of using smart contracts in the sphere of franchising, peculiarities of digital elements within a franchise, concept of digital franchising, and prospects of its regulation. The scientific novelty consists in examination of franchising in the conditions of digital economy from the perspective of analysis and determination of the prospect of legal regulation of this institutions. It is concluded that the improvement of regulation of franchising in the context of digital economy in the Russian Federation is possible through the following avenues: 1) simplified procedure of state registration for granting exclusive rights based on the agreement of commercial concession; establishment of alternative methods of identification of the entity who expresses statement of intention; 2) introduction of amendments to the Part 3 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation for assigning legal status to such objects as cloud technologies and big data; 3) improvement of norms of the Article 1033 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation to specify the admissibility of restrictive terms with regards to user activity in the Internet; 4) formulation of regulatory norms for rendering digital services,.
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BRYHINETS, Oleksandr. "Participation of the state of Ukraine in providing the agreement as a grounds for the transfer of ownership to the land plot." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 8 (August 27, 2021): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2021.8.1.
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The paper states that the current civil and land legislation contains numerous internal contradictions regarding the content of the papers, and is not always consistent in resolving various issues. It is necessary to eliminate the contradictions of the provisions of civil and land legislation, as well as to identify priorities in the regulation of land relations, to build a logical conceptual apparatus to protect the rights of legal entities. Public relations of land ownership form the basis not only of land relations, but also of many economic and social relations in society and the state. In cases where land acts as an object of civil turnover as real estate and is the object of property rights and other property rights, relations concerning land are regulated by civil law, but taking into account land and other natural resource legislation. It has been proven that land ownership is traditionally considered in objective and subjective meanings. An extremely important aspect of ensuring land ownership in the modern information society is the creation of joint information resources on state registration, cadastre and cartography. The current trend in the development of land legislation, from the post-socialist period to the present, undoubtedly has a positive dynamics, while leaving the ground for appropriate scientific and regulatory rethinking and improvement. Ukraine is consistently advancing by reforming various spheres of social and political life of society. The transition from predominantly state ownership of land to a variety of forms of land ownership has affected the procedure for recognizing private ownership of land. At the same time, the imperfection and lack of a unified approach to the regulation of land ownership leads to general theoretical problems, to the inability of the regulatory framework.
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Fudge, Judy. "Trade unions, democracy and power." International Journal of Law in Context 7, no. 1 (February 4, 2011): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174455231000042x.
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Should the law support union recognition by employers? If so, what form should this legal support take? These are the questions that Alan Bogg addresses in his excellent monograph,The Democratic Aspects of Trade Union Recognition. His focus is New Labour's 1999 statutory recognition procedure for trade unions, which he situates within the historical context of the United Kingdom's distinctive approach to the relationship between labour law and the social practice of collective bargaining – aptly (and famously) named collective laissez-faire by Otto Kahn-Freund (1972). Combining political philosophy and legal analysis, Bogg argues for robust legal support for trade union recognition that preserves the autonomy of trade unions to determine their own constituency and recognises their distinctive power to strike. Inspired by the idea of deliberative democracy and an ethical commitment to freedom as non-domination, he argues that civic republicanism provides the best normative basis for trade union recognition procedures. He contrasts this normative framework with the rights-based individualism and state neutrality characteristic of the liberal approach, which, he argues, is embodied in the United States and Canadian versions of industrial pluralism. Bogg also demonstrates the ‘yawning chasm between New Labour's civic rhetoric and New Labour's liberal legal reform agenda’ (pp. 118–19) when it comes to trade union recognition procedures. He concludes by offering a series of proposals that would enhance union recognition and further the values of freedom as non-domination, democratic participation through deliberative democracy, and community.
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Margheriti, Lucia, Concetta Nostro, Ornella Cocina, Mario Castellano, Milena Moretti, Valentino Lauciani, Matteo Quintiliani, et al. "Seismic Surveillance and Earthquake Monitoring in Italy." Seismological Research Letters 92, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 1659–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220200380.
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Abstract The Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) is an Italian research institution with focus on earth sciences. Moreover, the INGV is the operational center for seismic surveillance and earthquake monitoring in Italy and is a part of the civil protection system as a center of expertise on seismic, volcanic, and tsunami risks.INGV operates the Italian National Seismic Network and other networks at national scale and is a primary node of the European Integrated Data Archive for archiving and distributing strong-motion and weak-motion seismic recordings. In the control room in Rome, INGV staff performs seismic surveillance and tsunami warning services; in Catania and Naples, the control rooms are devoted to volcanic surveillance. Volcano monitoring includes locating earthquakes in the regions around the Sicilian (Etna, Eolian Islands, and Pantelleria) and the Campanian (Vesuvius, Campi Fregrei, and Ischia) active volcanoes. The tsunami warning is based on earthquake location and magnitude (M) evaluation for moderate to large events in the Mediterranean region and also around the world. The technologists of the institute tuned the data acquisition system to accomplish, in near real time, automatic earthquake detection, hypocenter and magnitude determination, and evaluation of several seismological products (e.g., moment tensors and ShakeMaps). Database archiving of all parametric results is closely linked to the existing procedures of the INGV seismic surveillance environment and surveillance procedures. Earthquake information is routinely revised by the analysts of the Italian seismic bulletin. INGV provides earthquake information to the Department of Civil Protection (Dipartimento di Protezione Civile) to the scientific community and to the public through the web and social media. We aim at illustrating different aspects of earthquake monitoring at INGV: (1) network operations; (2) organizational structure and the hardware and software used; and (3) communication, including recent developments and planned improvements.
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Moravčíková, Danka, Eva Pechočiaková Svitačová, and Anna Mravcová. "Rural Youth’s Narratives about Their Life Strategies." Acta Regionalia et Environmentalica 14, no. 2 (November 27, 2017): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aree-2017-0008.
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Abstract The paper presents results of the research project Social and Moral Aspects of Economic and Civic Life of Rural Youth, which was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic, through the Slovak Youth Institute under the specific scheme Support and Development of Research in the Field of Youth Policy. With the focus on the problems of contemporary life of rural youth, it emphasizes socio-economic and civic-politic dimension of its life. It maps different aspects as well as the influence of particular factors and institutions that affect behaviour and choices of young people in rural areas. The research methodology was based on qualitative approach using observation and personal semi-standardized interview method during the field survey. Interviews were conducted with 106 young people aged 18-30 from 39 rural communities localized in different parts of Slovakia in 2014. Besides introduction to the context, the authors describe methodological framework and the sampling procedure, the key research goals and questions, and basic research findings. They conclude that rural youth needs to be given certain stimulus and support in all possible areas of existence and participation, as well as tolerance and acceptance of their new ideas and thoughts.
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Merzlikin, Nikolay. "Russian social reality on the eve of a new stage of the State Duma work." Nauka Kultura Obshestvo 27, no. 2 (June 21, 2021): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/nko.2021.27.2.8.
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Review of a research: Rossiiskoe obshchestvo i gosudarstvo v usloviyakh pandemii: sotsial’no-politicheskoe polozhenie i demograficheskoe razvitie Rossiiskoi Federatsii v 2020 godu [Russian society and state in a pandemic: the socio-political situation and demographic development of the Russian Federation in 2020] / Osipov G.V. [et al.]; ed. by G.V. Osipov, S.V. Ryazantsev, V.K. Levashov, T.K. Rostovskaya; otv. red. V.K. Levashov. M.: PERSPEKTIVA Publ., 2020. 532 p. ISBN 978-5-905790-48-5. DOI 10.38085/978-5-905790-48-5-2020-1-532.The main event of 2020, which determined the situation in the world and in Russia, was the COVID-19 pandemic. The influence of the covid crisis, directly or indirectly affected all spheres of life in Russian society, reflected on the functioning of government institutions and public organizations, on the nature of relations between civil society and the state. The structure and procedure for the formation of national goals and programs were rethought, society reacted more meaningfully and responsibly to assessing the current state and ways of developing the Russian economy and social sphere, in particular, to the healthcare sector. The explosive growth of various forms of digital communications under conditions of forced self-isolation made it possible to assess the socio-political aspects of the digital transformation of Russian society in a new way, more competently, and to substantively investigate the challenges and threats that the process of shaping the digital future entails.In the context of large-scale socio-political changes, the importance of studying the key trends in the development of the global world and Russian society, a comprehensive analysis of the spheres of life of Russian society: socio-political, socio-economic and socio-demographic is growing. These are the tasks set for themselves by the authors of a scientific monograph prepared by scientists from the Institute for Social and Political Research and the Institute for Demographic Research of the Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences based on the results of research in 2020.
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Bogdan, Decebal Manole. "Evidence and operating conditions in the insurance contract using the digital format in communication." Journal of Financial Studies 7, no. 12 (May 15, 2022): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.55654/jfs.2022.7.12.04.
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The "Covid-19" pandemic was a determining, catalytic factor in accelerating economic and social processes. The syncope generated by the pandemic in society has introduced new elements of "artificial intelligence" and "reasoned reality" in the economy of commercial insurance. Insurance Economics and Commercial Insurance Law, registers a series of changes in substance and form in relation to the completion of the documents for concluding and executing the insurance contract. The changes, generated by the obligation to physically distance and quarantine people, have made it impossible for potential policyholders, in some cases, to sign insurance offers received from insurance companies. An important legal aspect is given by the assumption of the insurance contract based on the electronic communication of the insurance application, of the insurance offer with or without certified and qualified electronic signature in digital format. This situation is not a procedure now regulated in the Civil Code, but it is a procedure imposed by insurers and accepted by policyholders. We will try to open a window to debate the issue in which people involved as legal specialists, people employed by regulators to find regulatory solutions.
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Mysaka, Hanna, and Ivan Derun. "LEGITIMACY THEORY IN THE FORMATION OF THE INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL BASIS OF THE COMPANIES’ NON-FINANCIAL REPORTING SYSTEM." 61, no. 61 (August 26, 2021): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2524-2547-2021-61-06.
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Ensuring sustainable development depends on achieving balanced economic efficiency management with a parallel solving the humankind social and environmental problems. This led to the formation of an information request for reporting on the social and environmental aspects of business-doing under the pressure of the world economy development and the civil society formation. Stakeholders’ dissatisfaction with the degree of reliability, relevance and comparability of non-financial reporting voluntarily published by companies prompts the search for new mechanisms for its provision, since the problems of climate change, the fighting inequality and poverty have rapidly acquired a global scale and require urgent solutions. The paper examines the main concepts of the origin of phenomenon of non-financial reporting as a tool for communication between a company and its stakeholders. It has been established that the legitimacy theory plays a key role in stimulating the companies’ voluntary disclosure of non-financial reporting and in the formation of the institutional and legal basis for the transition to a mandatory procedure for its provision both at the national and supranational levels. Based on a critical analysis of the voluntary disclosure practice of information on the economic, environmental and social aspects of business-doing, the authors substantiated the need to legalize the non-financial reporting system as the next stage of its evolution in the interests of all stakeholders. It was found that the relevance of non-financial reporting indicators is influenced by the correct interpretation of the concept of “non-financial information” in the context of the characteristics of the business entities’ activity. Based on this, the authors substantiated their own definition of non-financial reporting and made an assumption about the implementing of the mandatory reporting in a certain order, taking into account the contiguity of the thematic areas to which certain non-financial reports are devoted. It has been proved that the root causes of the unreliability and low information content of non-financial reporting are the insufficient development of standards (or other norms), based of which it is drawn up, and the system of its independent assessment.
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Lee, Nam Hee. "Medical licensing examination (uigwa) and the world of the physician officers (uigwan) in Korea’s Joseon Dynasty." Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions 12 (May 7, 2015): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2015.12.16.
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Physicians for ordinary people in Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910) do not need to pass national medical licensing examination. They had done their job after enough period of apprenticeship. Only physician officers were licensed as technical civil servants. These physician officers were middle class, located socially between the nobility and the commoner. They had to pass a national licensing examination to be considered for high-ranking physician officers, that is, those at the rank above the 6th level out of a total of 9 ranks, where the first rank was highest. Royal physicians also had to pass this examination before accepting responsibility for the King’s healthcare. This article aims to describe the world of Physician officers during the Joseon Dynasty. Physician officers enjoyed considerable social status because they dealt with matters of life and death. Owing to the professional nature of their fields and a strong sense of group identity they came to compose a distinct social class. The physician officers’ world was marked by strong group allegiances based on shared professional knowledge; the use of marriage to gain and maintain social status; and the establishment of hereditary technical posts within the medical profession that were handed down from one generation to the next. The medical licensing examination persisted until 1894 when the civil service examination agency, of which it was part, was abolished. Until that time, the testing agency, the number of candidates who were accepted, two-step test procedures, and the method of test item selection were maintained and enforced. These aspects of the test could be considered characteristic of the medical licensing examination.
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Jurado Paz, Irina Margarita, and Amanda Janneth Riascos Mora. "economía social y solidaria como herramienta para fortalecer la formación en emprendimiento con un enfoque rural." SATHIRI 15, no. 2 (December 23, 2020): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32645/13906925.978.
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The tax culture is related to the way of how taxpayers make as the declaration as the tax payments to the government authority timely, in general terms there is currently no index or procedure to measure properly the tax culture, because it is based on a social perception of how these taxes are established in society. In the present study the tax culture is addressed as close mechanisms that contribute to the methodology of tax collection systems. The main objective of this study is to identify the elements that affect the tax culture of the Association "Sarumaky- Yachay". The study will be conducted through a documentary, descriptive-exploratory analysis, that allows to know the reality of the tax aspects of the sector. The results show that a large number of partners don`t have RUC to carry out their commercial activities (53%), 22% mention that they have RISE, in the same way 22% affirm that they are a taxpayer not obliged to keep accounting and 3% It is registered with RUC as a natural person obliged to keep accounting. Another important result that this research showed is that the main reason why partners cancel their taxes is to avoid fines and penalties with 59%, 25% do so because they consider it to be a civic duty and 13% consider that By not paying taxes you commit a crim.
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Golovin, Yury А., and Oksana V. Petrova. "The role of communication in the political and administrative management of national projects in the Yaroslavl region." Socialʹnye i gumanitarnye znania 7, no. 1 (March 17, 2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18255/2412-6519-2021-1-6-17.
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The article deals with the main aspects of political and administrative management at the present stage. The main components, a common goal and management methods are synthesized. Elements that do not have institutional consolidation, as well as elements that form the organizational structure of management, are identified. The main tasks of state authorities in the context of constitutional innovations are considered. The main tools of the country's development as a legal democratic social state are considered. The forms of involvement of civil society and organizations in management are structured, which allow achieving a balance of public and individual interests. Aspects of the formation of requirements for indicators of national projects, as well as the modern system of management and implementation of national projects, including trends in the implementation of national projects in the region, are considered. The role of communication in management in achieving the country's strategic development goals and managing national projects in the Yaroslavl region in particular is established. The analysis of communication links in the Yaroslavl region, noted the increasing cooperation and understanding within the nonprofit sector the nonprofit sector. An expert assessment of public control was obtained. The directions and causes of civil activity are analyzed. The main expectations of the "third sector" from the system of authorities are formulated, the role of the interactive Internet in the procedures of public participation in decision-making by authorities is established. Specific proposals are formulated to ensure the transparency of processes that establish feedback between citizens and the state, and the most effective elements in the political and administrative management of national projects in the region are considered.
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PATEL, Asmita. "CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF DNA PROFILING IN INDIA: CONSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES AND THE WAY AHEAD." Revista de Drept Constituțional, no. 1 (2021): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/rdc-2021-1-0005.
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Modern fast-progressing society has brought advancements in science and technology touching almost all aspects of our cultural and social lives. Law enforcement is not an exception to it with DNA Profiling being a giant leap in investigation procedure. Despite wide application in law enforcement in many countries of the world, India does not have a standalone law regulating the application of DNA as a method of identification yet. Further, admissibility and reliability of DNA evidence is a debated issue and a comprehensive study of legislative and judicial discourse is necessary to appreciate its value and bring reformation in the regulatory framework. This paper firstly discusses the meaning and concept of DNA profiling including its significance and application in criminal and civil investigations. Secondly, the present legal framework in India concerning DNA Profiling is discussed to analyze the shortcomings and insufficiency. Thirdly, the judicial approach towards evidentiary value of DNA Profiling is discussed. In the fourth part of the paper, the author has addressed the constitutional challenges to DNA profiling in India and provided suggestions and recommendations to make it more comprehensive and accountable. The paper concludes with the way forward in this legal reformative discourse around DNA profiling. The nature of research is doctrinal and both primary and secondary sources of data comprising of legislations, regulations, debates, research papers, journals, books, newspaper articles and judgments are relied upon by the author.
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Barry, Jonathan. "Educating physicians in seventeenth-century England." Science in Context 32, no. 2 (June 2019): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889719000188.
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ArgumentThe tension between theoretical and practical knowledge was particularly problematic for trainee physicians. Unlike civic apprenticeships in surgery and pharmacy, in early modern England there was no standard procedure for obtaining education in the practical aspects of the physician’s role, a very uncertain process of certification, and little regulation to ensure a suitable reward for their educational investment. For all the emphasis on academic learning and international travel, the majority of provincial physicians returned to practice in their home area, because establishing a practice owed more to networks of kinship, patronage and credit than to formal qualifications. Only when (and where) practitioners had to rely solely on their professional qualification to establish their status as young practitioners that the community could trust would proposals to reform medical education, such as those put forward to address a crisis of medicine in Restoration London, which are examined here, be converted into national regulation of medical education in the early nineteenth century, although these proposals prefigured many informal developments in medical training in the eighteenth century.
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Barry, Jonathan. "Educating physicians in seventeenth-century England - ADDENDUM." Science in Context 32, no. 3 (August 27, 2019): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026988971900022x.
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ArgumentThe tension between theoretical and practical knowledge was particularly problematic for trainee physicians. Unlike civic apprenticeships in surgery and pharmacy, in early modern England there was no standard procedure for obtaining education in the practical aspects of the physician’s role, a very uncertain process of certification, and little regulation to ensure a suitable reward for their educational investment. For all the emphasis on academic learning and international travel, the majority of provincial physicians returned to practice in their home area, because establishing a practice owed more to networks of kinship, patronage and credit than to formal qualifications. Only when (and where) practitioners had to rely solely on their professional qualification to establish their status as young practitioners that the community could trust would proposals to reform medical education, such as those put forward to address a crisis of medicine in Restoration London, which are examined here, be converted into national regulation of medical education in the early nineteenth century, although these proposals prefigured many informal developments in medical training in the eighteenth century.
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Denisova, Galina S. "The Attitude of Student Youth in the South of Russia to the 2021 Population Census." REGIONOLOGY 30, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 882–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2413-1407.121.030.202204.882-902.
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Introduction. A census is a necessary tool of managing a modern state. IT penetration into all spheres of life caused digitalization of census, the procedure which rests on consciousness and is voluntary in its nature. Transition to these technologies is related to a number of difficulties influencing the quality of census. The goal of the article is to identify the attitude of the south Russian students’ youth to participation in census, its optimal forms and the aspects causing major concerns among this target group. Materials and Methods. Students’ behavioral attitudes towards the census and participation in it, have become the subject of research. The research consisted of two stages: right before the census (2019) and right after it (2021). Using the method of standardized survey, the author has identified the attitudes and behavioral patterns of students from leading universities of Astrakhan and Rostov regions and the Republic of Kalmykia (n = 200 on 2019; n = 300 on 2021 in each subject). Constructivist approach considering different types of identities, referred to during the census as social constructs, has become the conceptual basis of the research. Results. The analysis of the empirical data gathered demonstrates a low level of student engagement in census accompanied by the majority of the target group lacking the comprehension of its sense. At the same time, the survey results point to the rise of civil identity paired with the stable interest to ethnocultural identity, high loyalty level to bilingualism and multiple cultural identity. Students have shared their concern about the quality of the census procedure. Discussion and Conclusion. The first experience of digitalizing the census procedure points to the necessity of using the youth appealing digital technology for appropriate presentation of this large-scale event and promoting it among the young audience. Lack of attention to this side of census defines the youth’s reluctant attitude to participating in it and may become the foundation for further distorting of its results. The obtained findings are useful to researchers when analyzing the results of the 2021 population census, as well as to specialists engaged in the development of the program and tools for the population census.
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Guseva, N. K., Vitaliy A. Berdutin, P. S. Zubeev, and S. V. Baranova. "ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE DOCTORAL COMMISSION OF LARGE HOSPITAL-POLYCLINIC ASSOCIATION ON THE REFERRAL OF PATIENTS TO MEDICAL-SOCIAL EXPERTISE." Medical and Social Expert Evaluation and Rehabilitation 20, no. 4 (December 15, 2017): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9537-2017-20-4-185-191.
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The peculiarity of the current stage of the development of medical and social expertise (MSE) is, first of all, the ratification of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in the Russian Federation. An attempt to ensure the participation of citizens with restrictions in activities in the civil, political, social and cultural life of the society required significant changes and additions to the regulatory and legislative framework of the Russian Federation that regulates various aspects of the life of Russian citizens. Changes in regulatory and legislative acts increase the role and importance of medical organizations in MSE in terms of establishing and formulating a medical diagnosis of the patient, determining the nature and persistence of disorders of the body’s functions, developing and implementing intra-institutional rehabilitation programs for people with disabilities. In this regard, it is important to take into account the readiness of medical organizations to respond promptly to changes in expert legislation and to make contributions into the provision of the continuity, consistency, succession and complexity of the expert - rehabilitation process. The purpose of this study was to identify the main trends in the work of disability evaluation boards of medical organizations on the example of a large hospital-polyclinic association for the referral of patients for MSE. It was succeed to clarify out that to date the procedure for referral citizens to MSE in the association is well managed, targeted at individuals, both of senior and middle ages and their need for examination, taking into account results of rehabilitation. During the period of observation, there was noted the gain in the number of people referred for MSE, mainly at the expense of persons referred for the reassessment, which is related both with the severity of the contingent appealing to the organization and using modern treatment technologies requiring a long rehabilitation period and with the accumulation of a contingent disabled people. Therefore, in examination persons of the older age group, the participation of geriatricians will probably be necessary.