Relevant bibliographies by topics / Social aspects of Commercial buildings

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Social aspects of Commercial buildings'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Social aspects of Commercial buildings"

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Jessie, Foo, Wardah Fatimah Mohammad Yusoff, and Ashrifa Amir. "Kriteria Reka Bentuk Atrium dalam Aspek Sosial dan Persekitaran Bangunan Komersial di Lembah Klang." Jurnal Kejuruteraan si5, no. 1 (October 30, 2022): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2022-si5(1)-07.

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The research was conducted to identify atrium design criteria and their impacts on social and environmental aspects at commercial buildings in the Klang Valley area, Malaysia. The design of the atrium affects the social and environmental conditions in the building. Thus, the objectives are to identify the atrium design criteria for the selected commercial buildings and to investigate their impacts on social and environmental aspects. There are two research methods namely literature study and qualitative descriptive research. The lists of atrium design criteria and their impacts on the social and environmental aspects had been produced based on literature and document reviews. Four commercial buildings in Klang Valley were selected as case studies. The findings indicate that the use of glazing roof material at the atrium promotes natural lighting and social interaction between users. Appropriate openings in the atrium space allow natural ventilation which provides energy savings. Appropriate furniture selection and layout, as well as landscaping in the atrium space, encourage the users to execute activities for longer periods of time. The large and bright atrium space allows the accommodation of various presentations, exhibitions, bazaars, and small stalls to attract the flow of users. In addition, the atrium space also provides visual access to users to understand the overall circulation of the building. To conclude, this study can be a reference in designing the atrium in buildings that are suitable for tropical climate, and understanding the atrium design criteria that contribute to the social and comfortable indoor environment for the users.
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Wu, Yi, and Claire Flemmer. "Glass Curtain Wall Technology and Sustainability in Commercial Buildings in Auckland, New Zealand." International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 7, no. 2 (April 29, 2020): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v7.n2.495.

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Glass curtain wall provides an attractive building envelope, but it is generally regarded as unsustainable because of the high energy needed to maintain thermal comfort. This research explores the advances in the technology of glass cladding and the complex issues associated with judging its sustainability. It assesses the technology and sustainability of glass curtain wall on a sample of thirty commercial buildings in Auckland, New Zealand. Field observations of the glass-clad buildings, coupled with surveys of the building occupants and of glass cladding professionals are used to investigate the cladding characteristics, operational performance, sustainability aspects and future trends. The majority of the sample buildings are low-rise office buildings. The occupants like the aesthetics and indoor environment quality of their glass-clad buildings. However, continuous heating, ventilation and air conditioning are needed in order to maintain thermal comfort within the buildings and this has high energy consumption. The increasing use of unitized systems with double glazing instead of stick-built systems with single glazing improves the sustainability of the cladding through less material wastage and better energy efficiency. Inclusion of photovoltaic modules in the curtain wall also improves energy efficiency but it is currently too expensive for use in New Zealand. Environmental sustainability is also improved when factors such as climate, the orientation of glazed façades, solar control, ventilation and the interior building layout are considered. Any assessment of glass curtain wall sustainability needs to consider the economic and social aspects as well as the environmental aspects such as energy use
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Ahl, Amanda, Gina Accawi, Bryce Hudey, Melissa Lapsa, and Teresa Nichols. "Occupant Behavior for Energy Conservation in Commercial Buildings: Lessons Learned from Competition at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (June 14, 2019): 3297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123297.

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Accompanying efforts worldwide to deploy sustainable building technologies shows a pressing need for expanded research on occupant behavior. Discourse is lacking concerning drivers of occupant behavior for energy conservation, especially in the case of commercial buildings. This paper explores potential determinants of occupant behavior for energy conservation in commercial buildings. This is investigated in a case study of a two-month energy conservation competition involving eight office buildings at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Four buildings achieved energy savings based on the previous year’s baseline. Potential challenges and success factors of occupant behavior for energy conservation during the competition were explored based on an explanatory research design incorporating energy data, participant interviews, and surveys. The findings suggest that both social and technological aspects may be important drivers of energy conservation. The determinants of occupant behavior for energy conservation in commercial buildings suggested for further research include bottom-up involvement, stakeholder relationship management, targeted information, real-time energy visualization, and mobile social platforms. This paper presents initial implications, with a need for further research on these propositions and on their impacts on occupant behavior. This paper aims to contribute to both academia and practitioners in the arena of commercial building sustainability.
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Ofori-Boadu, Andrea N., Musibau A. Shofoluwe, De-Graft Owusu-Manu, Gary D. Holt, and David Edwards. "Analysis of US commercial buildings’ energy efficiency programs." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 5, no. 4 (September 7, 2015): 349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-03-2014-0015.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate relationships between five energy efficiency programs and electricity intensities in the US commercial buildings sector. Design/methodology/approach – Regression methods analyze state-level secondary data from 2006 through 2009 to identify significant energy program drivers of electricity efficiency. Findings – Combined, the five programs studied account for approximately nine percent reduction in commercial electricity intensity. Practical implications – Outcomes will inform stakeholders’ decision-making regarding adoption or continuation of energy programs. Social implications – Electricity efficiency gains will help reduce negative environmental aspects and the present dependence on foreign oil. Originality/value – Very little research has considered the impact of multiple programs on commercial electricity efficiency within their complex implementation environment.
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An, Dai Whan, and Jae-Young Lee. "Implications of Renovated Buildings in Yeonnam-Dong, Seoul, an Area under Commercial Gentrification." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 1960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15031960.

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We aimed to identify the characteristics of the changes in the buildings and alleyways in Yeonnam-dong, Seoul, where low-rise, residential buildings are being renovated or repurposed into commercial buildings, as well as to investigate their renovations, repurposes, and sociocultural implications. Thus, we surveyed and classified 149 renovated buildings, investigated the perceptions and ambiance of the area and buildings using a trade area analysis and interviews with visitors and store owners, and uncovered the importance of renovation. Since the early gentrification, a trend of performing renovations that retained the original form of the building from the initial renovation stage was seen; this created an ambiance of nostalgia, naturalness, and authenticity, along with the urban conditions of low-rise, residential buildings in Yeonnam-dong, a representative undeveloped area. These renovated buildings reflect the social status, taste, and practice of gentrifiers, and they reveal a hybridization of the past and present, Korean circumstances and exotic cultures, and residential and commercial buildings. As commercialization progressed, renovated buildings vastly differing from the original and displaying active commercial characteristics were seen. Our findings imply that the area’s early ambiance, which had an air of “distinctiveness”, has lost its personality and begun to generalize. Thus, numerous gentrifiers have been replaced and several aspects of renovation have changed that the visitors are aware of.
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Liu, Qibo, and Wei Feng. "Research on the Efficiency and Economic Impact of Energy-Saving Transformation of Residential Buildings in Different Climatic Regions of China." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/634904.

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In China, the transformation of existing buildings is confronted with various problems in aspects ranging from technology to policy and even to economic efficiency, which restrains the pace of existing building transformation. Aiming at these conditions, a building model is established with simulation software in the research herein to deeply analyze the energy-saving effect of building envelope transformation in different climatic regions and its economic efficiency based on regional and national policies. The research results show that any single technology is difficult to completely satisfy the requirements of current energy efficiency standards, and technical measures should be taken according to different climatic regions. For the northern heating area, the building envelope transformation must be carried out simultaneously with the transformation of heat metering. Policy formulation and fund determination for the energy-saving transformation of existing buildings in China should be more flexible based on transformation effect and rely more on social and commercial forces rather than solely on the promotion of government.
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Aulia, Dwira Nirfalini, and Namira Sani. "Designing a Culinary Village With Eco-Architecture Approach in Kampung Badur." International Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 2, no. 3 (November 15, 2018): 208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijau.v2i3.574.

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Based on data from Dinas Perumahan dan Permukiman Kota Medan, Kampung Badur is one of housings and settlements with very poor slum level. This statement is constituted by irregular home plots, disobedience to house building regulations, and uninhabitable physical condition of buildings and environments but Kampung Badur also has some potential in social, economic and cultural aspects that can be developed. Looking at the situations in Kampung Badur, this area needs to be rearranged into a better area by exploiting the existing potential to become a commercial area like culinary area, designing decent residential model, adding facilities and public spaces.
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Li, Leili, and Xinyu Zheng. "The Study of Virtual Reality Sensing Technology in the Form Design and Perception of Public Buildings." Journal of Sensors 2022 (July 25, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7903386.

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In order to explore the commercial building design method that meets the needs of contemporary consumer behavior, the author proposes a method of applying virtual reality, behavior simulation, and other technologies to commercial building design. First, through a questionnaire survey of commercial buildings in a city, the influencing factors of consumption behavior are explained with the help of SPSS correlation analysis. Then, applying virtual reality technology on this basis, three-dimensional presentation of the commercial building design scheme, taking the design of commercial space signage system as an example, the preset low-brightness color system, and the color and shape are single, the logo set A and the logo set B using high-brightness color system and changeable form are presented, expand 3D dynamic visual and behavioral simulations. At last, relying on ResNet image recognition technology, it analyzes the user’s visual experience and usage effect. Experimental results show: There is a significant correlation between plane layout, spatial identification, familiarity of indoor space, and frequency of use, and visual perception is the main driving factor for choosing commercial buildings; using the comparative analysis of commercial logos, it is found that the average value of the confidence of set B is less than that of set A; in terms of significance, the average time of identifying all categories of logo set A is 0.68 s, and the average identification time of all categories of identification set B is 0.46 s; in terms of discrimination, it takes 0.28 s to correct the misrecognition of all categories of identification set A and 0.11 s to correct the misrecognition of all categories of identification set B, indicating that the design of the identification system uses bright colors and changeable forms, which are easier to use. The results indicate that the elevation, slope, hydrology, transportation conditions, economic indexes and cultural factors are important factors affecting the spatial distribution of traditional villages in a city. The analysis shows that the distribution of traditional villages is affected by natural conditions, social economic conditions, cultural factors and other factors, and the optimal layout of traditional villages can be strengthened from these aspects.
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Saha, Sayani, Rahul B. Hiremath, Sanjay Prasad, and Bimlesh Kumar. "Barriers to Adoption of Commercial Green Buildings in India: A Review." Journal of Infrastructure Development 13, no. 2 (December 2021): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09749306211058499.

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The global construction sector accounts for 13.2% of the world’s gross domestic product (GDP). It not only contributes to the economic growth engine of the world but also climate changes due to its high energy footprint. Sustainable buildings have the potential to reduce the adverse impacts of the construction industry, but their adoption is slow due to hindrances. The aim of this paper is to study literature on barriers to green building adoption to date and highlight the overlapping and unique barriers specific to India in comparison to a few prominent countries, and provide solutions and recommendations for future research. The methodology has been an extensive literature review of the barriers to green building (GB) adoption. The key findings, namely barriers, were classified under economic, governmental, organizational and social perception, information, technology and material categories. Barriers unique to India and a few other developing countries are an extension of project schedules, lack of research and developmental works, lack of public motivation, poor building code enforcement, high payback period, uncertain supply of green materials, improper implementation of policy framework and performance of green building technologies (GBT’s). The GB construction sector is fragmented around the world. Even the GB definition is not the same across the globe although the environmental aspect is the same. Similarly, there are unique and overlapping challenges in GB adoption globally. Buildings in usage perspectives can be classified into residential and non-residential. This study looks only at non-residential GBs due to their homogenous nature. There is a dearth of specific studies related to the adoption of GBs in India. This study aims to fulfil the gap of India’s standing in the barriers to GB adoption with respect to the developed and developing countries. JEL Classification: I18
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Parammal Vatteri, Ahsana, and Dina D’Ayala. "Classification and seismic fragility assessment of confined masonry school buildings." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 19, no. 5 (March 2021): 2213–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01061-9.

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AbstractSchool buildings being a critical social infrastructure, assessment of their seismic behaviour is of utmost importance in ensuring safe schooling facilities in locations of high seismicity. This study presents two important aspects in analysing any existing building stock for seismic behaviour: the development of an appropriate taxonomy system and an appropriate analytical method to conduct fragility assessment. A detailed desk study of existing schools’ databases and tailored field investigation in Guwahati, Assam, situated in India’s highest seismic zone, reveal that the majority of school buildings can be categorised within the confined masonry (CM) typology. This study discusses first, the addition to the World Bank promoted Global Library of School Infrastructure taxonomy of the specific category relating to CM as to include the buildings under study, which are non-engineered CM buildings with flexible roofs. Identifying the density of confinement and quality of connections as critical parameters for the seismic response of these buildings, varying seismic design levels are defined in relation to these indicators. Secondly, the paper presents an approach for carrying out nonlinear static pushover analysis of these buildings with flexible diaphragms and elaborates on the criteria adopted for determining the performance drift limits in buildings with varying levels of seismic design. Numerical analysis for the capacity assessment of selected index buildings is carried out using a commercial software that enables nonlinear extreme loading analysis. Different failure mechanisms as a function of the level of confinement are identified and the performance range for three damage states for three index buildings is obtained by using the N2 method. The study shows the influence of both choices of performance indicators and intensity measure on the resulting fragility functions. Given the consistency of the educational building stock in Guwahati, the results can be used for investment on retrofit decision making at regional level.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Social aspects of Commercial buildings"

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To, Man-hon, and 杜文漢. "Enhancement of competitiveness of commercial building through green building accreditation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48343274.

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Environmental protection has become increasingly concerned by from the government, general public and private sector in recent decades. Recently, the concept of green or sustainability, which has come out as a more comprehensive concept than environment conservation, is getting more concern and discussion as well. This dissertation starts with an introduction on the background, scope of study, methodology and data collection. Then, it goes to literature review on concept of green building, environmental management system and marketing strategies as well as development of environmental protection and green building accreditation in Hong Kong. After that, a case study on 248 Queen’s Road East will be conducted for identifying its existing environmental measures and potential for improvement on green management system. Face-to-face interviews and a questionnaire survey were conducted to collect the relevant information or opinions from the property manager and tenants for exploring the progress of improvement in their environmental management and performance as well as its impact to enhancement of competitiveness to the building through achieving green building accreditation.
published_or_final_version
Housing Management
Master
Master of Housing Management
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Stuyt, Michel L. J. M. "Legal aspects of commercial activities of private enterprise in outer space." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65363.

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Seassaud, Eric. "Le capital de l'entreprise publique : aspects juridiques." Paris 12, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA122009.

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Law, Hau-yee, and 羅巧兒. "An evaluation on the Building Safety Loan Scheme in Hong Kong: a social equality perspective study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45008176.

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Aarshi, Asmita. "Greenovation : developing a case for "green" retrofitting Hong Kong's existing commercial buildings as a means of achieving economic, environmental and social sustainability." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207612.

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It is a widely known fact that the only way to achieve sustainable development in the building sector is through green building design. The path to sustainability, however is riddled with the presence of existing buildings that are far from being efficient or environmentally practical. The way to overcome this problem is to deal with existing buildings in each city, and retrofit them to the level of being environmentally, economically and socially sustainable. This paper assesses the complete scope of retrofitting existing buildings in Hong Kong, the economic, social and environmental benefits of it, and the policy reforms to further expand its scope.
published_or_final_version
Environmental Management
Master
Master of Science in Environmental Management
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Li, Yue 1968. "Space between buildings in Beijing's new housing." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29950.

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In China, a standard of "relatively comfortable housing conditions" is set for the nation, but there is still a need for a parallel goal for outdoor spaces. So far, this issue has not received adequate attention from either the government or practitioners.
The purpose of this study is to examine the space between buildings in Beijing's new housing developments. The space between buildings has been chosen as a starting point for this research because it covers largest amount of land and due to its close proximity to homes, it is closely related to people's daily lives.
The quality of outdoor space is defined by a combination of factors. This study uses eight criteria to address the notion of quality: spatial hierarchy; usable space; safety and defense; health and comfort; privacy and territoriality; social contact; aesthetic appeal; and maintenance and administration. These correlated aspects are set as evaluation criteria for the six case studies included in this research. Data and analysis of case studies is used to arrive at conclusions for policy-making and further study.
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Tawe, Ngamale Emmanuel. "The making of business news in Africa: a case study of Cameroon Tribune newspaper." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002942.

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Since the emergence of business journalism as a genre within the broad spectrum of news reporting, most of the scholarly works into its development have focused on growth in the western (that is developed) world. This indicates that very limited research has been done in the field of business journalism in the developing economies. Thus there exist gaps in understanding the practice of business journalism in Africa and part of this is rooted in how the practice is defined. This study aims to shed light on the practice of business journalism in this African context. It explores the onset and development of business journalism and its evolution in Africa. The main focus in this case study was to understand the definition of business news in the specific context of the Cameroon Tribune. Individual in-depth interviews were used as the main (primary) data collection method along with observation and cursory reading as complementary (secondary) methods. This study is influenced by the sociology of news production which foregrounds theoretical frames such as news construction and gatekeeping. Findings from this study reveal that business news at the Cameroon Tribune is elitist, essentially defined around personality and, is in the most part, development news. Additional findings indicate that the absence of any editorial guidelines leaves most reporters secondguessing how to please management with socialised values mostly acquired through peer learning. In conclusion, this study advances the necessity for the Africanisation of business news. This would entail reporting financial, economic, consumer, and corporate affairs, from a vocabulary and composition context that unveils much exchange taking place in the lives of many Africans.
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Noori, Susan Alemzadeh. "A Study of Social - Cultural Aspects of Housing The Case of Modern High-Rise Residential Buildings in Tehran." Thesis, Birmingham City University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521207.

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Hoe, York Joo. "Feasibility study for a food court in a Kowloon office and commercial complex." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14038973.

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施偉賢 and Wai-yin Jeffrey Sy. "Territoriality as environment: St. Paul's Co-ed. College." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31985439.

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Books on the topic "Social aspects of Commercial buildings"

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Lonsway, Brian. Making leisure work: Architecture and the experience economy. New York, NY: Routledge, 2009.

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Pilecka, Elżbieta. Średniowieczne dwory Artusa w Prusach: Świadectwo kształtowania się nowej świadomości mieszczańskiej. Toruń: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, 2005.

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Airspaces. London: Reaktion, 2001.

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Kil mot'ungi kŏnch'uk: Kŏnsŏl Han'guk ŭl nŏmŏ sŏnŭn hŭimang ŭi chunggan kŏnch'uk. Sŏul-si: Hyŏnamsa, 2011.

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Iconic L.A.: Stories of L.A.'s most memorable buildings. 2nd ed. Santa Monica, Calif: Angel City Press, 2006.

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Iconic LA: Stories of LA's most memorable buildings. Glendale, Calif: Balcony Press, 2000.

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A, Beasley Kim, ed. Accessible design for hospitality: ADA guidelines for planningaccessible hotels, motels and other recreational facilities. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994.

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Hashim, Sarkis, Dwyer Mark, and Kibarer Pars, eds. Two squares. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, 2006.

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Establishment, Building Research, and Construction Research Communications Ltd, eds. Sustainable retail premises: An environmental guide to design, refurbishment and management of retail premises. Garston, Watford: Published by Construction Research Communications Ltd by permission of Building Research Establishment Ltd, 1999.

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Ann, Marling Karal, and Centre canadien d'architecture, eds. Designing Disney's theme parks: The architecture of reassurance. Montréal: Centre canadien d'architecture/Canadian Centre for Architecture, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Social aspects of Commercial buildings"

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Kostyakova, Nadezhda, Ilia Karpov, Ilya Makarov, and Leonid E. Zhukov. "Commercial Astroturfing Detection in Social Networks." In Computational Aspects and Applications in Large-Scale Networks, 309–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96247-4_23.

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Pérez Caldentey, Alejandro, John Hewitt, John van Rooyen, Graziano Leoni, Gianluca Ranzi, and Raymond Ian Gilbert. "Case studies considering the influence of the time-dependent behaviour of concrete on the serviceability limit state design of composite steel-concrete buildings." In Time-dependent behaviour and design of composite steel-concrete structures, 137–56. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed018.ch7.

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<p>This chapter presents a number of case studies that deal with the service design of composite steel-concrete buildings associated with the time-dependent behaviour of the concrete. The particular focus of this chapter is to outline key design aspects that need to be accounted for in design and that are influenced by concrete time effects. The first case study provides an overview of the design considerations related to the time-dependent column shortening in typical multi-storey buildings by considering the layout of the Intesa Sanpaolo Headquarters in Turin as reference. The second case study focuses on a composite floor of a commercial building constructed in Australia and it provides an overview of the conceptual design used to select the steel beam framing arrangement to support the composite floor system while accounting for concrete cracking and time effects. The third case study deals with the Quay Quarter Tower that has been designed for the repurposing of an existing 50-year old building in Australia while accounting for the time-dependent interaction between the existing and the new concrete components of the building.</p>
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Thelandersson, Fredrika. "Social Media Sadness: Sad Girl Culture and Radical Ways of Feeling Bad." In 21st Century Media and Female Mental Health, 157–207. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16756-0_5.

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AbstractThis chapter turns to social media platforms and looks at the figure of the sad girl as she emerged online as an indirect response to a popular culture overtly focused on happiness. It discusses how she appeared on primarily Tumblr and Instagram, exploring the general sad girl discourses on these platforms as well as some examples that received extra attention. These include the artist Audrey Wollen and her sad girl theory, the girl group Sad Girls Y Qué, the Instagram club Sad Girls Club, the social media brand My Therapist Says, and prominent Instagram accounts. Here I look at the critical and acritical tendencies within the figure, acknowledging both the potentially subversive aspects of the activist-oriented sad girls and the more commercialized versions of popular sad girls. This chapter explores how Tumblr sad girls might be seen as resting in sadness; how relatability is employed as a political strategy by some Instagram sad girls; the ambivalence of normalization; and the limits of using commercial social media platforms for meaningful social action.
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García Marsilla, Juan Vicente, and Luis Almenar Fernández. "Fashion, emulation and social classes in late medieval Valencia. Exploring textile consumption through probate inventories." In La moda come motore economico: innovazione di processo e prodotto, nuove strategie commerciali, comportamento dei consumatori / Fashion as an economic engine: process and product innovation, commercial strategies, consumer behavior, 341–66. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-565-3.19.

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Abstract: This article explores the personal garments present in the probate inventories of 83 individuals that lived in the city of Valencia and its hinterland during the long fourteenth century. The paper explores the differences between both groups of individuals, the urban and the rural one, in aspects such as the typologies of the pieces of clothing, the colours, finishes, complements and fabrics employed in their design. It also tracks the spread of particular pieces of clothing across both groups of deceased before and after the Black Death, and discusses how far these changes were guided by emulative motivations.
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Duarte, Fábio, and Carlo Ratti. "What Urban Cameras Reveal About the City: The Work of the Senseable City Lab." In Urban Informatics, 491–502. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8983-6_27.

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AbstractCameras are part of the urban landscape and a testimony to our social interactions with city. Deployed on buildings and street lights as surveillance tools, carried by billions of people daily, or as an assistive technology in vehicles, we rely on this abundance of images to interact with the city. Making sense of such large visual datasets is the key to understanding and managing contemporary cities. In this chapter, we focus on techniques such as computer vision and machine learning to understand different aspects of the city. Here, we discuss how these visual data can help us to measure legibility of space, quantify different aspects of urban life, and design responsive environments. The chapter is based on the work of the Senseable City Lab, including the use of Google Street View images to measure green canopy in urban areas, the use of thermal images to actively measure heat leaks in buildings, and the use of computer vision and machine learning techniques to analyze urban imagery in order to understand how people move in and use public spaces.
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Kohrangi, M., A. N. Papadopoulos, S. R. Kotha, D. Vamvatsikos, and P. Bazzurro. "Earthquake Catastrophe Risk Modeling, Application to the Insurance Industry: Unknowns and Possible Sources of Bias in Pricing." In Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering, 239–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68813-4_11.

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AbstractMathematical risk assessment models based on empirical data and supported by the principles of physics and engineering have been used in the insurance industry for more than three decades to support informed decisions for a wide variety of purposes, including insurance and reinsurance pricing. To supplement scarce data from historical events, these models provide loss estimates caused to portfolios of structures by simulated but realistic scenarios of future events with estimated annual rates of occurrence. The reliability of these estimates has evolved steadily from those based on the rather simplistic and, in many aspects, semi-deterministic approaches adopted in the very early days to those of the more recent models underpinned by a larger wealth of data and fully probabilistic methodologies. Despite the unquestionable progress, several modeling decisions and techniques still routinely adopted in commercial models warrant more careful scrutiny because of their potential to cause biased results. In this chapter we will address two such cases that pertain to the risk assessment for earthquakes. With the help of some illustrative but simple applications we will first motivate our concerns with the current state of practice in modeling earthquake occurrence and building vulnerability for portfolio risk assessment. We will then provide recommendations for moving towards a more comprehensive, and arguably superior, approach to earthquake risk modeling that capitalizes on the progress recently made in risk assessment of single buildings. In addition to these two upgrades, which in our opinion are ready for implementation in commercial models, we will also describe an enhancement in ground motion prediction that will certainly be considered in the models of tomorrow but is not yet ready for primetime. These changes are implemented in example applications that highlight their importance for portfolio risk assessment. Special consideration will be given to the potential bias in the Average Annual Loss estimates, which constitutes the foundation of insurance and reinsurance policies’ pricing, that may result from the application of the traditional approaches.
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Château, Bertrand. "Energy Demand Drivers." In The Palgrave Handbook of International Energy Economics, 511–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86884-0_26.

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AbstractCountries with similar level of economic development and energy prices may show significant differences as regards energy/cap and dynamics of energy demand in relation to GDP and prices. Climate, endowment in natural resources and geography are obviously discriminating factors. Policies and cultural habits also, through technology choices and social behaviour orientations. This chapter helps to better understand which are the actual drivers of energy demand and how they play. It proposes first an overview of the issue: the actual needs behind energy demand, the specific role of actors and social forces in the energy dynamics and its timing and so on. It then discusses in greater depth the critical aspects of energy demand in the three consuming macro-sectors: industry, transport and buildings. Finally, the determinants of increasing electrification are discussed.
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Wilson, Katy M., Jane W. Baldwin, and Rachel M. Young. "Estimating Tropical Cyclone Vulnerability: A Review of Different Open-Source Approaches." In Hurricane Risk in a Changing Climate, 255–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08568-0_11.

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AbstractTropical cyclone (TC) risk assessments are critical for disaster preparedness and response. Alongside hazard and exposure, accurate TC risk assessment requires understanding the vulnerability of populations and assets. In this chapter, we examine multiple methods that have been used to assess and quantify TC vulnerability with a focus on open-source methods. We separately discuss structural, economic, and social (or demographic) vulnerability approaches. Structural vulnerability assesses the susceptibility of buildings to be affected by their exposure to hazards; in this section, we provide a detailed overview of how FEMA’s Hazus model quantifies damages by utilizing engineering principles. Economic vulnerability employs regression analysis to relate wind speeds to damages; this discussion explores typical functional forms used to represent vulnerability in such analysis and efforts to constrain parameters in these functions. Finally, social approaches use demographic data to characterize the varying susceptibility of populations to TC risk; we provide some representative examples of this methodology. We conclude with a comparative discussion of these three classes of methods, suggest directions for future work, and ask whether the different approaches can be combined to yield a more holistic view of both the human and structural aspects of TC vulnerability.
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de Caprariis, Francesca. "Public Buildings and Urban Landscape." In A Community in Transition, 118—C5.P148. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197655245.003.0005.

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Abstract Among the several—and sometimes dramatic—defining moments in the urban history of Rome, the first half of the second century bce has long been recognized as a pivotal one, marking the transformation from city-state to Hellenistic capital. Demographic growth together with an impressive inflow of wealth, much of it spent on public buildings or on public decor, were the driving forces behind an intense building activity contracted by censors and aediles that recreated the urban center, the forum with the commercial buildings nearby, streets, sewers, and the river port. Monuments and temples built by victorious imperatores bear witness to a period of architectural innovation and of intense aristocratic competition. New typologies of buildings emerge and reveal through their names a foreign—mostly Greek—influence. Within this well-established picture in modern scholarship, single aspects of this phenomenon and its consequences on the urban fabric have been investigated: its suddenness, the cultural impact, and the social and demographic one. A view from the Tiber—proposed in this chapter—is an excellent perspective for a critical reappraisal of the literature of this defining period, because while the general picture is clear, the details (literary sources, archaeology, recent topographical debates) are much more complicated. The focus will be on the port infrastructure in general—from the Aventine plain up to the Circus Flaminius riverfront—and notably on the Naualia question. The identification of the huge Testaccio building is particularly useful for trying to understand the port system of Republican Rome and its growth.
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Stephanie Gomes De Freitas, Rayane, and Elke Stedefeldt. "How to Build Food Safety Resilience in Commercial Restaurants?" In Food Systems Resilience [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101481.

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In this chapter, food safety is portrayed as an intrinsic component of food security and food systems. The objective is to discuss the ‘commercial restaurant’ system and the ‘kitchen worker’ subsystem from the perspective of building resilience in food safety. Relationship maps built for the system and subsystem guide the presentation and discussion of structural, organisational, social and symbolic aspects and elements. Resilience investigation is based on the references of the International Risk Governance Centre Resource Guide on Resilience and current and emerging topics related to food safety, such as risk perception of foodborne diseases, cognitive illusions, sociological aspects, social dimension of taste, humanisation and working conditions and precariousness of work in kitchens. In the final section, a list of recommendations for building resilience in commercial restaurants is presented to help researchers, decision-makers and practice agents apply this concept in their fields of expertise.
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Conference papers on the topic "Social aspects of Commercial buildings"

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OGRYZEK, Marek, and Krzysztof RZĄSA. "THE SOCIAL ASPECTS OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.153.

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The rural development policy of the Agricultural Property Stock of the State Treasury in Poland (APS) is conducted by The Agricultural Property Agency – APA (since 1.09.2017 – The National Centre for Agriculture Support). The property managed by the APA includes agricultural land, forests, farm buildings, residential buildings as well as equipment and devices that are part of the social, technical, production, commercial and service infrastructure. The aim of research was to proof the influence of the gratuitous transfer of land from the APS to local government units, to engage them in social activities. The main methods used for it were: the analyse of legal acts in Poland, the analyse of reports and statistic data from APA and method of cartographic presentation – quantitative, cartogram. This article focuses on the social aspects of the APA’s operations, based on an analysis of the data supplied by the Regional Branch of the Agricultural Property Agency in Olsztyn. The results of the analyses were presented in table format. The rural development policy concerning the performance of public purposes in rural areas was analysed. The obtained information and materials were analysed to identify social investments carried out on agricultural land donated to local authorities from Agricultural Property Stock of the State Treasury. The results were used to analyse and describe the social aspects of the APA’s operations in rural area in Poland. Rural areas require various types of social assistance services. The Agricultural Property Agency has successfully fostered social development in rural areas, and it has the required resources and experience to continue that mission.
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Wei, Xia, Wojciech Bonenberg, Mo Zhou, and Jinzhong Wang. "Sustainable Design of Commercial and Residential Complexes - An Example of Wantun Community Project." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002326.

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High-rise commercial and residential buildings are a type of building that has been developing rapidly in urban centers in recent years. With the continuous development of urbanization, it has an increasing impact on the sustainable development of the human living environment, and the study of the sustainable design of such high-rise commercial and residential buildings is a matter of great urgency. Human society has entered the ecological era, and all aspects of the social economy are increasingly labeled as eco-friendly and sustainable in the development process. High-rise commercial and residential buildings, because of their comprehensive functions, are bound to bring the defects of high energy consumption and high pollution. Therefore, the design of high-rise commercial and residential buildings should be based on the principle of sustainable design, scientific and reasonable planning of the building plan, and the implementation of high utilization rate of building functions to ensure that the building can comply with the principles of ecological and environmental protection and sustainable development, which is the development trend of high-rise commercial and residential building planning and architectural design at present and for a long time in the future. This paper analyzes the necessity of sustainable design for commercial and residential complexes in modern cities, and examines the sustainable design of high-rise commercial and residential complexes in detail in terms of the plan layout of building units and traffic organization design, taking into account the design practice of the Wantun community.
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LEUNG, WELMAN, and WING KEUNG TAM. "DEVELOPING A LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR COMMERCIAL BUILIDNGS IN HONG KONG." In Tall Buildings from Engineering to Sustainability - Sixth International Conference on Tall Buildings, Mini Symposium on Sustainable Cities, Mini Symposium on Planning, Design and Socio-Economic Aspects of Tall Residential Living Environment. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812701480_0155.

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Ochoa, Jose M., Irene Marincic, Maria G. Alpuche, Sofia Canseco, and Ana C. Borbon. "Bioclimatic and Energy Efficiency Considerations for Social Housing: A Case Study in Hot Dry Climate." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54552.

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The development of social housing In Mexico during the last decade has been supported by the different levels of government (federal, state, and municipal) in order to assist low-income families. The accelerated construction that takes place in order to address the housing deficit causes a reduction in the quality of design and construction, which is also affected by rising building costs. Environmental comfort conditions inside the dwellings are reduced drastically when houses are constructed without considering climate conditions, especially in hot arid regions. This situation generates uncomfortable thermal conditions for users and high-energy costs due to the unavoidable need of air conditioning. User profiles, architectural program, comfort preferences and guidelines for design and construction of future dwellings in the city of Hermosillo, in northwest Mexico, were determined by surveying beneficiaries of government affordable housing programs. One survey measured the degree of satisfaction of inhabitants in a sample of over 370 households; a second survey sampled 200 households and was aimed at determining aspects of comfort. This paper describes the results of thermal simulations carried out on two housing models. The first model represents the type usually constructed by commercial developers, and the second is a proposal developed by the research team according to guidelines based on the results of the research project described before. This study is a preliminary step in the construction of a physical model for experimental research and demonstration.
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Song, Zhen, Lingyun Wang, and Yan Lu. "Social learning SoftThermostat for commercial buildings." In the Fourth ACM Workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2422531.2422569.

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Guardado Méndez, Abraham Isaac. "Trozos, trazas y tramas: condicionantes y trazados reguladores en el origen de Guadalajara, el subdistrito de Analco." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6123.

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Investigación sobre el desarrollo y evolución de un fragmento histórico de una ciudad hispanoamericana, el subdistrito de Analco de la ciudad de Guadalajara, México, de 1542 a 1900. Su importancia radica en que fue la principal zona productiva y comercial, constituyo grandes accesos, nodos y calles de la ciudad, sus elementos fueron componentes de la estructura a escala territorial de la ciudad, y fue la forma urbanística que soporto el crecimiento urbano exponencial de la ciudad durante el siglo XIX, para gran parte de la población, el proletariado y la clase indígena. Todos estos aspectos formaron parte importante en la construcción de la estructura de la malla actual del fragmento, formada a partir de trozos, trazas y tramas, en 3 momentos y con 3 valores. Encontrar el significado atrás de las formas urbanas, es un aporte a la cultura de la ciudad. Esta malla no es igualitaria, es una retícula con tres cosas muy distintas, es diversa en la potencia de ciertos elementos de arquitectura y urbanización. Investigación en la línea del estudio de la historia de la forma de la ciudad, primordialmente estudio la ciudad como estructura espacial y en segundo término como producto de aspectos sociales y económicos. A través de un enfoque en 4 condicionantes, se estudian y analizan características que despliegan una estructura y constituyen una identidad propia. Research on the development and evolution of a fragment of Latin American city, Analco district of the city of Guadalajara, Mexico, from 1542 to 1900. Its importance lies in that it was the main productive and commercial area, constitute large accesses, nodes and city streets, it was constituted by elements that were components of the structure to territorial scale of the city, Was the urban form that stand the exponential urban growth of the city during the nineteenth century, much of the population, the proletariat and the indigenous class. All these aspects form an important part in building the structure of the current mesh fragment formed from pieces, traces and plots in 3 times and 3 values. Finding the meaning behind these urban forms, is a contribution to the culture of the city. This mesh is not equal, is a grid with three very different things, is diverse in power of certain elements of architecture and urbanization. Research line study of the history of the form of the city, primarily study the city as spatial structure and secondly as a product of social and economic aspects. Through a focus on four conditions are studied and analyzed features that display a structure and constitute an identity.
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Kozlovska, Maria. "ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF LIVING IN APARTMENT BUILDINGS." In 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2015/b53/s21.029.

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Lu, Xing, Fan Feng, and Zheng O'Neill. "Acquisition of Typical Occupancy Schedules for Commercial Buildings from Social Networks." In the 1st ACM International Workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3363459.3363537.

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Zalewski, Krzysztof. "ZERO-ENERGY OR ZERO-ARCHITECTURE BUILDING? DESIGNING ASPECTS IN CONTEXT OF BUILDINGS COMMERCIAL SUCCESS." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on ARTS, PERFORMING ARTS, ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b41/s15.142.

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Mokeeva, Natalia Nikolaevna, Tatiana Vladimirovna Bakunova, and Veronika Eduardovna Frais. "Modern Paradigm of Commercial Bank Funding: Socio-Economic Aspects." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Education Science and Social Development (ESSD 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/essd-19.2019.138.

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Reports on the topic "Social aspects of Commercial buildings"

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Molina, Randy, Thomas O'Dell, Daniel Luoma, Michael Amaranthus, Michael Castellano, and Kenelm Russell. Biology, ecology, and social aspects of wild edible mushrooms in the forests of the Pacific Northwest: a preface to managing commercial harvest. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-309.

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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age.  Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v  Landscapes and regions:  Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change?  Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial.  Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth.  Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs.  Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully.  Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people.  The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world
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ERDC : Where Science and Engineering Meet. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43462.

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For nearly a century, the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) has been at the forefront of tackling our nation's toughest engineering challenges, providing innovative solutions in the areas of civil works and military engineering, and offsetting the negative effects of climate change. From its earliest days of hydrology experiments along the Mississippi River in 1929, ERDC's R&D has grown, along with its buildings and capabilities. Today, ERDC's facilities, combined with its people, have created one of the world's premier R&D organizations supporting the delivery of projects and programs for federal, state and local agencies as well as private, academic and international partners. ERDC's ongoing R&D, aligned with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) R&D portfolios, allows key investments to be targeted to strategic areas that can benefit multiple interests. ERDC's R&D enhances USACE's ability to execute its Civil Works (CW) missions to support commercial navigation, manage ecosystems and reduce flood risk, while our research in Installations and Operational Environments (IOE) is improving the reliability, efficiency and effectiveness of military infrastructure and on the battlefield. ERDC conducts scientific R&D to improve all aspects of mission planning, preparation, execution and sustainment, including innovations to protect the Warfighter. Sustained, multiyear support for ERDC R&D is critical to institutionalize successes and magnify benefits, enabling the nation to take a proactive approach to meeting the complex challenges of both today and tomorrow.
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