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Jessie, Foo, Wardah Fatimah Mohammad Yusoff, and Ashrifa Amir. "Kriteria Reka Bentuk Atrium dalam Aspek Sosial dan Persekitaran Bangunan Komersial di Lembah Klang." Jurnal Kejuruteraan si5, no. 1 (October 30, 2022): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2022-si5(1)-07.
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The research was conducted to identify atrium design criteria and their impacts on social and environmental aspects at commercial buildings in the Klang Valley area, Malaysia. The design of the atrium affects the social and environmental conditions in the building. Thus, the objectives are to identify the atrium design criteria for the selected commercial buildings and to investigate their impacts on social and environmental aspects. There are two research methods namely literature study and qualitative descriptive research. The lists of atrium design criteria and their impacts on the social and environmental aspects had been produced based on literature and document reviews. Four commercial buildings in Klang Valley were selected as case studies. The findings indicate that the use of glazing roof material at the atrium promotes natural lighting and social interaction between users. Appropriate openings in the atrium space allow natural ventilation which provides energy savings. Appropriate furniture selection and layout, as well as landscaping in the atrium space, encourage the users to execute activities for longer periods of time. The large and bright atrium space allows the accommodation of various presentations, exhibitions, bazaars, and small stalls to attract the flow of users. In addition, the atrium space also provides visual access to users to understand the overall circulation of the building. To conclude, this study can be a reference in designing the atrium in buildings that are suitable for tropical climate, and understanding the atrium design criteria that contribute to the social and comfortable indoor environment for the users.
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Wu, Yi, and Claire Flemmer. "Glass Curtain Wall Technology and Sustainability in Commercial Buildings in Auckland, New Zealand." International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 7, no. 2 (April 29, 2020): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v7.n2.495.
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Glass curtain wall provides an attractive building envelope, but it is generally regarded as unsustainable because of the high energy needed to maintain thermal comfort. This research explores the advances in the technology of glass cladding and the complex issues associated with judging its sustainability. It assesses the technology and sustainability of glass curtain wall on a sample of thirty commercial buildings in Auckland, New Zealand. Field observations of the glass-clad buildings, coupled with surveys of the building occupants and of glass cladding professionals are used to investigate the cladding characteristics, operational performance, sustainability aspects and future trends. The majority of the sample buildings are low-rise office buildings. The occupants like the aesthetics and indoor environment quality of their glass-clad buildings. However, continuous heating, ventilation and air conditioning are needed in order to maintain thermal comfort within the buildings and this has high energy consumption. The increasing use of unitized systems with double glazing instead of stick-built systems with single glazing improves the sustainability of the cladding through less material wastage and better energy efficiency. Inclusion of photovoltaic modules in the curtain wall also improves energy efficiency but it is currently too expensive for use in New Zealand. Environmental sustainability is also improved when factors such as climate, the orientation of glazed façades, solar control, ventilation and the interior building layout are considered. Any assessment of glass curtain wall sustainability needs to consider the economic and social aspects as well as the environmental aspects such as energy use
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Ahl, Amanda, Gina Accawi, Bryce Hudey, Melissa Lapsa, and Teresa Nichols. "Occupant Behavior for Energy Conservation in Commercial Buildings: Lessons Learned from Competition at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (June 14, 2019): 3297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123297.
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Accompanying efforts worldwide to deploy sustainable building technologies shows a pressing need for expanded research on occupant behavior. Discourse is lacking concerning drivers of occupant behavior for energy conservation, especially in the case of commercial buildings. This paper explores potential determinants of occupant behavior for energy conservation in commercial buildings. This is investigated in a case study of a two-month energy conservation competition involving eight office buildings at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Four buildings achieved energy savings based on the previous year’s baseline. Potential challenges and success factors of occupant behavior for energy conservation during the competition were explored based on an explanatory research design incorporating energy data, participant interviews, and surveys. The findings suggest that both social and technological aspects may be important drivers of energy conservation. The determinants of occupant behavior for energy conservation in commercial buildings suggested for further research include bottom-up involvement, stakeholder relationship management, targeted information, real-time energy visualization, and mobile social platforms. This paper presents initial implications, with a need for further research on these propositions and on their impacts on occupant behavior. This paper aims to contribute to both academia and practitioners in the arena of commercial building sustainability.
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Ofori-Boadu, Andrea N., Musibau A. Shofoluwe, De-Graft Owusu-Manu, Gary D. Holt, and David Edwards. "Analysis of US commercial buildings’ energy efficiency programs." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 5, no. 4 (September 7, 2015): 349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-03-2014-0015.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate relationships between five energy efficiency programs and electricity intensities in the US commercial buildings sector. Design/methodology/approach – Regression methods analyze state-level secondary data from 2006 through 2009 to identify significant energy program drivers of electricity efficiency. Findings – Combined, the five programs studied account for approximately nine percent reduction in commercial electricity intensity. Practical implications – Outcomes will inform stakeholders’ decision-making regarding adoption or continuation of energy programs. Social implications – Electricity efficiency gains will help reduce negative environmental aspects and the present dependence on foreign oil. Originality/value – Very little research has considered the impact of multiple programs on commercial electricity efficiency within their complex implementation environment.
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An, Dai Whan, and Jae-Young Lee. "Implications of Renovated Buildings in Yeonnam-Dong, Seoul, an Area under Commercial Gentrification." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 1960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15031960.
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We aimed to identify the characteristics of the changes in the buildings and alleyways in Yeonnam-dong, Seoul, where low-rise, residential buildings are being renovated or repurposed into commercial buildings, as well as to investigate their renovations, repurposes, and sociocultural implications. Thus, we surveyed and classified 149 renovated buildings, investigated the perceptions and ambiance of the area and buildings using a trade area analysis and interviews with visitors and store owners, and uncovered the importance of renovation. Since the early gentrification, a trend of performing renovations that retained the original form of the building from the initial renovation stage was seen; this created an ambiance of nostalgia, naturalness, and authenticity, along with the urban conditions of low-rise, residential buildings in Yeonnam-dong, a representative undeveloped area. These renovated buildings reflect the social status, taste, and practice of gentrifiers, and they reveal a hybridization of the past and present, Korean circumstances and exotic cultures, and residential and commercial buildings. As commercialization progressed, renovated buildings vastly differing from the original and displaying active commercial characteristics were seen. Our findings imply that the area’s early ambiance, which had an air of “distinctiveness”, has lost its personality and begun to generalize. Thus, numerous gentrifiers have been replaced and several aspects of renovation have changed that the visitors are aware of.
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Liu, Qibo, and Wei Feng. "Research on the Efficiency and Economic Impact of Energy-Saving Transformation of Residential Buildings in Different Climatic Regions of China." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/634904.
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In China, the transformation of existing buildings is confronted with various problems in aspects ranging from technology to policy and even to economic efficiency, which restrains the pace of existing building transformation. Aiming at these conditions, a building model is established with simulation software in the research herein to deeply analyze the energy-saving effect of building envelope transformation in different climatic regions and its economic efficiency based on regional and national policies. The research results show that any single technology is difficult to completely satisfy the requirements of current energy efficiency standards, and technical measures should be taken according to different climatic regions. For the northern heating area, the building envelope transformation must be carried out simultaneously with the transformation of heat metering. Policy formulation and fund determination for the energy-saving transformation of existing buildings in China should be more flexible based on transformation effect and rely more on social and commercial forces rather than solely on the promotion of government.
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Aulia, Dwira Nirfalini, and Namira Sani. "Designing a Culinary Village With Eco-Architecture Approach in Kampung Badur." International Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 2, no. 3 (November 15, 2018): 208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijau.v2i3.574.
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Based on data from Dinas Perumahan dan Permukiman Kota Medan, Kampung Badur is one of housings and settlements with very poor slum level. This statement is constituted by irregular home plots, disobedience to house building regulations, and uninhabitable physical condition of buildings and environments but Kampung Badur also has some potential in social, economic and cultural aspects that can be developed. Looking at the situations in Kampung Badur, this area needs to be rearranged into a better area by exploiting the existing potential to become a commercial area like culinary area, designing decent residential model, adding facilities and public spaces.
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Li, Leili, and Xinyu Zheng. "The Study of Virtual Reality Sensing Technology in the Form Design and Perception of Public Buildings." Journal of Sensors 2022 (July 25, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7903386.
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In order to explore the commercial building design method that meets the needs of contemporary consumer behavior, the author proposes a method of applying virtual reality, behavior simulation, and other technologies to commercial building design. First, through a questionnaire survey of commercial buildings in a city, the influencing factors of consumption behavior are explained with the help of SPSS correlation analysis. Then, applying virtual reality technology on this basis, three-dimensional presentation of the commercial building design scheme, taking the design of commercial space signage system as an example, the preset low-brightness color system, and the color and shape are single, the logo set A and the logo set B using high-brightness color system and changeable form are presented, expand 3D dynamic visual and behavioral simulations. At last, relying on ResNet image recognition technology, it analyzes the user’s visual experience and usage effect. Experimental results show: There is a significant correlation between plane layout, spatial identification, familiarity of indoor space, and frequency of use, and visual perception is the main driving factor for choosing commercial buildings; using the comparative analysis of commercial logos, it is found that the average value of the confidence of set B is less than that of set A; in terms of significance, the average time of identifying all categories of logo set A is 0.68 s, and the average identification time of all categories of identification set B is 0.46 s; in terms of discrimination, it takes 0.28 s to correct the misrecognition of all categories of identification set A and 0.11 s to correct the misrecognition of all categories of identification set B, indicating that the design of the identification system uses bright colors and changeable forms, which are easier to use. The results indicate that the elevation, slope, hydrology, transportation conditions, economic indexes and cultural factors are important factors affecting the spatial distribution of traditional villages in a city. The analysis shows that the distribution of traditional villages is affected by natural conditions, social economic conditions, cultural factors and other factors, and the optimal layout of traditional villages can be strengthened from these aspects.
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Saha, Sayani, Rahul B. Hiremath, Sanjay Prasad, and Bimlesh Kumar. "Barriers to Adoption of Commercial Green Buildings in India: A Review." Journal of Infrastructure Development 13, no. 2 (December 2021): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09749306211058499.
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The global construction sector accounts for 13.2% of the world’s gross domestic product (GDP). It not only contributes to the economic growth engine of the world but also climate changes due to its high energy footprint. Sustainable buildings have the potential to reduce the adverse impacts of the construction industry, but their adoption is slow due to hindrances. The aim of this paper is to study literature on barriers to green building adoption to date and highlight the overlapping and unique barriers specific to India in comparison to a few prominent countries, and provide solutions and recommendations for future research. The methodology has been an extensive literature review of the barriers to green building (GB) adoption. The key findings, namely barriers, were classified under economic, governmental, organizational and social perception, information, technology and material categories. Barriers unique to India and a few other developing countries are an extension of project schedules, lack of research and developmental works, lack of public motivation, poor building code enforcement, high payback period, uncertain supply of green materials, improper implementation of policy framework and performance of green building technologies (GBT’s). The GB construction sector is fragmented around the world. Even the GB definition is not the same across the globe although the environmental aspect is the same. Similarly, there are unique and overlapping challenges in GB adoption globally. Buildings in usage perspectives can be classified into residential and non-residential. This study looks only at non-residential GBs due to their homogenous nature. There is a dearth of specific studies related to the adoption of GBs in India. This study aims to fulfil the gap of India’s standing in the barriers to GB adoption with respect to the developed and developing countries. JEL Classification: I18
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Parammal Vatteri, Ahsana, and Dina D’Ayala. "Classification and seismic fragility assessment of confined masonry school buildings." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 19, no. 5 (March 2021): 2213–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01061-9.
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AbstractSchool buildings being a critical social infrastructure, assessment of their seismic behaviour is of utmost importance in ensuring safe schooling facilities in locations of high seismicity. This study presents two important aspects in analysing any existing building stock for seismic behaviour: the development of an appropriate taxonomy system and an appropriate analytical method to conduct fragility assessment. A detailed desk study of existing schools’ databases and tailored field investigation in Guwahati, Assam, situated in India’s highest seismic zone, reveal that the majority of school buildings can be categorised within the confined masonry (CM) typology. This study discusses first, the addition to the World Bank promoted Global Library of School Infrastructure taxonomy of the specific category relating to CM as to include the buildings under study, which are non-engineered CM buildings with flexible roofs. Identifying the density of confinement and quality of connections as critical parameters for the seismic response of these buildings, varying seismic design levels are defined in relation to these indicators. Secondly, the paper presents an approach for carrying out nonlinear static pushover analysis of these buildings with flexible diaphragms and elaborates on the criteria adopted for determining the performance drift limits in buildings with varying levels of seismic design. Numerical analysis for the capacity assessment of selected index buildings is carried out using a commercial software that enables nonlinear extreme loading analysis. Different failure mechanisms as a function of the level of confinement are identified and the performance range for three damage states for three index buildings is obtained by using the N2 method. The study shows the influence of both choices of performance indicators and intensity measure on the resulting fragility functions. Given the consistency of the educational building stock in Guwahati, the results can be used for investment on retrofit decision making at regional level.
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Tierney, Kathleen, Bijan Khazai, L. Thomas Tobin, and Frederick Krimgold. "Social and Public Policy Issues following the 2003 Bam, Iran, Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 21, no. 1_suppl (December 2005): 513–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2098928.
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The Bam, Iran, earthquake on 26 December 2003 took the lives of 26,271 people and left more than 20,000 injured. About 85% of the houses, commercial units, health and educational facilities, and administrative buildings were either damaged or completely destroyed, affecting 92,000 people in the city and 48,000 people in the surrounding villages, and leaving 75,000 homeless. A reconnaissance trip to Iran and the earthquake-stricken area was carried out from 8–16 May 2004, and focused on societal impacts five months after the Bam event, early recovery activities, long-term recovery planning, and public policy aspects of earthquake loss reduction in Iran. At the time of the reconnaissance team's trip, the major challenges facing the reconstruction process were public participation, public education and hazard communication, and inter-agency and inter-jurisdictional transition and coordination issues.
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Perný, Milan, Vladimír Šály, Milan Andráš, Lukáš Valášek, and Juraj Packa. "Possibilities of Increasing of Energy Efficiency in a Small Enterprises - Case Study." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 16, no. 2 (April 23, 2021): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.160220.
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Reducing the electricity consumption is a current trend which has an economic, social and environmental impact. Measures which are outlined to increase efficiency are also supported by legislation and could be funded from the national or European funds in EU countries. In Slovakia, there are many establishments, public buildings and households built in past decades where energy is being wasted. Approximately the share one third of the consumed energy in Slovakia belongs to industry. This statistic naturally legitimizes the effort to achieve energy savings in this segment. We choose a body which is in use partially as commercial offices and partially as production facility. The matter was to identify areas with excessive energy consumption and propose appropriate measures to avoid unnecessary losses. The paper presents more aspects of building operation regarding of energy consumption, especially in relation with old buildings with more structural and operational defects and propose some ways of the improvements the energy efficiency. The work also includes experimental data and simplified economy considerations related to the proposed measures. Finally the step model is presented in order to simplify the decision making process. The model is relevant and also applicable generally for the other engineering disciplines.
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Putra, Ida Bagus Gede Parama. "Kajian Adaptive Reuse Bangunan dalam Konteks Mitigasi Bencana di Kota Denpasar." Jurnal Arsitektur ZONASI 2, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jaz.v2i1.15064.
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Abstract: Adaptive reuse in general is modifying a place for the function proposed or adapted to the existing function. Studies on the benefits of Adaptive Reuse are considered capable of providing three benefits such as, environmental aspects, social aspects and economic aspects and if associated with the context of disaster mitigation, the application of Adaptive Reuse is an alternative strategy in providing temporary shelter. The selection of Denpasar City as a research location is based on several considerations such as, the high number of unused buildings, strategic locations and infrastructure in accommodating refugees from outside the region and challenges to the lack of green land as a place of refuge. This study examines old buildings that begin with an understanding of evaluation criteria, the second stage is mapping and measuring old buildings which will be categorized based on the type of building, the third stage is building valuation. The results of the study obtained four buildings that were feasible to be used as temporary dwellings, namely, hotel lodging facilities on Jalan Puputan, Renon; sports facilities and parks namely Gor Kompyang Sujana on the road of Mt. Agung No.160 Pemecutan Kaja ; commercial facility building, namely the Shopping Block at Dewi Sartika Street, Dauh Puri Klod ; and cultural and entertainment facilities, namely Ardha Candra open stage at Nusa Indah No.1 street, Panjer.Keywords: Adaptive Reuse; Natural Disaster; Temporary Shelter, Denpasar City.Abstrak: Adaptive reuse secara umum yaitu memodifikasi sebuah tempat untuk fungsi yang diusulkan atau disesuaikan dengan fungsi eksisting. Kajian-kajian megenai manfaat Adaptive reuse dinilai mampu memberikan tiga manfaat yaitu, aspek lingkungan, aspek sosial dan aspek ekonomi dan jika dikaitkan dengan konteks mitigasi bencana, penerapan Adaptive reuse adalah strategi alternatif dalam penyediaan hunian sementara. Pemilihan Kota Denpasar sebagai lokasi penelitian yang didasari oleh beberapa pertimbangan seperti, tingginya jumlah bangunan yang tak terpakai, lokasi dan infrastruktur yang strategis dalam mengakomodasi pengungsi dari luar daerah dan tantangan terhadap minimnya lahan hijau sebagai tempat pengungsian. Penelitian ini mengkaji bangunan tua yang dimulai dengan pemahaman kriteria evaluasi, tahap kedua yaitu pemetaan dan pengukuran bangunan tua yang akan di kategorikan berdasarkan tipe bangunan, tahap ketiga yaitu penilaian bangunan. Hasil penelitian memperoleh empat bangunan yang layak untuk digunakan sebagai tempat tinggal sementara yaitu, bangunan dan fasilitas penginapan hotel di jalan Raya Puputan, Renon, Denpasar; bangunan fasilitas olahraga dan taman yaitu Gor Kompyang Sujana di jalan Gn. Agung No.160 Pemecutan Kaja, Denpasar; bangunan fasilitas komersial yaitu Blok Pertokoan di jalan Dewi Sartika, Dauh Puri Klod, Denpasar; dan bangunan fasilitas budaya dan hiburan yaitu panggung terbuka Ardha Candra di jalan Nusa Indah No.1, Panjer, Denpasar.Kata Kunci: Penggunaan Kembali, Bencana Alam, Hunian Sementara, Kota Denpasar.
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Mehmood, Shahana, and Zakirullah Jan. "ADAPTIVE REUSE OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS FOR CONSERVATION, RESTORATION AND TOURISM PROMOTION: A CASE STUDY OF THE SETHI HAVELI COMPLEXES IN PESHAWAR." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 03 (September 30, 2022): 804–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i03.773.
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The historic buildings of a region are important cultural heritage for its future generations. At some places such buildings might be unable to serve their actual purposes for which they have been erected, due to various reasons such as bad state of preservation, illegal occupation, encroachment, and abandonment. In such cases, the concept of using the adaptive reuse can well protect them as cultural heritage. The adaptive reuse of historic buildings has become an approach worldwide, which extends its lifespan. At the same time, the reuse of such buildings will decrease further use of material for fresh and new construction, avoid unnecessary transportation, wastage of energy and resource and control air pollution for sustainable environment. The Sethi haveli complexes in Peshawar city is portraying the traditional style of domestic architecture of the elite trading community in the region, exhibiting the local taste in combination with central Asian. Built in the 18th /19th century, these haveli complexes are in deteriorating conditions that need to be preserved and reused. Further, recreational values should be generated by adaptive reuse, including self-growth, health benefits and social benefits. As the creation of activities is a big attraction for tourists in the field of heritage reuse, the natural environment can be used to organise and design heritage indoor/outdoor events. As observed with the evaluated Sethi haveli complexes, historic buildings that are re-functioned with the public use, for example cultural, educational, commercial and use, are more productive in contributing to the social development of the walled city of Peshawar. The adaptive reuse of abandoned Sethi haveli complexes in the walled city of Peshawar will subsidise the sustainability and liveability of the city. For the continuity of the historic buildings, social aspect should be deliberated with all-encompassing approach. Keywords: Historic buildings, adaptive re-use, the Sethi haveli Complexes, social aspect.
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Grezio, A., P. Gasparini, W. Marzocchi, A. Patera, and S. Tinti. "Tsunami risk assessments in Messina, Sicily – Italy." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 1 (January 17, 2012): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-151-2012.
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Abstract. We present a first detailed tsunami risk assessment for the city of Messina where one of the most destructive tsunami inundations of the last centuries occurred in 1908. In the tsunami hazard evaluation, probabilities are calculated through a new general modular Bayesian tool for Probability Tsunami Hazard Assessment. The estimation of losses of persons and buildings takes into account data collected directly or supplied by: (i) the Italian National Institute of Statistics that provides information on the population, on buildings and on many relevant social aspects; (ii) the Italian National Territory Agency that provides updated economic values of the buildings on the basis of their typology (residential, commercial, industrial) and location (streets); and (iii) the Train and Port Authorities. For human beings, a factor of time exposition is introduced and calculated in terms of hours per day in different places (private and public) and in terms of seasons, considering that some factors like the number of tourists can vary by one order of magnitude from January to August. Since the tsunami risk is a function of the run-up levels along the coast, a variable tsunami risk zone is defined as the area along the Messina coast where tsunami inundations may occur.
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Akhatova, Ardak, Lukas Kranzl, Fabian Schipfer, and Charitha Buddhika Heendeniya. "Agent-Based Modelling of Urban District Energy System Decarbonisation—A Systematic Literature Review." Energies 15, no. 2 (January 13, 2022): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15020554.
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There is an increased interest in the district-scale energy transition within interdisciplinary research community. Agent-based modelling presents a suitable approach to address variety of questions related to policies, technologies, processes, and the different stakeholder roles that can foster such transition. However, it is a largely complex and versatile methodology which hinders its broader uptake by researchers as well as improved results. This state-of-the-art review focuses on the application of agent-based modelling for exploring policy interventions that facilitate the decarbonisation (i.e., energy transition) of districts and neighbourhoods while considering stakeholders’ social characteristics and interactions. We systematically select and analyse peer-reviewed literature and discuss the key modelling aspects, such as model purpose, agents and decision-making logic, spatial and temporal aspects, and empirical grounding. The analysis reveals that the most established agent-based models’ focus on innovation diffusion (e.g., adoption of solar panels) and dissemination of energy-saving behaviour among a group of buildings in urban areas. We see a considerable gap in exploring the decisions and interactions of agents other than residential households, such as commercial and even industrial energy consumers (and prosumers). Moreover, measures such as building retrofits and conversion to district energy systems involve many stakeholders and complex interactions between them that up to now have hardly been represented in the agent-based modelling environment. Hence, this work contributes to better understanding and further improving the research on transition towards decarbonised society.
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Newell, Graeme, John MacFarlane, and Roger Walker. "Assessing energy rating premiums in the performance of green office buildings in Australia." Journal of Property Investment & Finance 32, no. 4 (July 1, 2014): 352–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-10-2013-0061.
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Purpose – Green office buildings have recently taken on increased significance in institutional property portfolios in Australia and globally. The key issue from an institutional investor perspective is the assessment of whether green office buildings add value. Using an extensive portfolio of green office buildings, the purpose of this paper is to empirically assess the level of energy rating premiums in the property performance of green office buildings in Australia. Design/methodology/approach – Using a portfolio of over 200 green office buildings in Australia benchmarked against a comparable portfolio of non-green office buildings, the level of energy rating premiums in the property performance of green office buildings in Australia is empirically evaluated. Hedonic regression analysis is used to account for differences between specific office buildings and to explicitly identify the “pure” green effect in identifying the level of energy rating premiums in several commercial property performance characteristics (e.g. office value, rent). Findings – The empirical results show the added-value premium of the 5-star National Australian Built Environment Rating Scheme (NABERS) energy rating scheme and the Green Star scheme in the property performance of green office buildings in Australia, including office values and rents. Energy rating premiums for green office buildings are evident at the top energy ratings and energy rating discounts at the lower energy ratings. The added-value “top-end” premium of the 5-star vs 4-star NABERS energy rating category is clearly identified for the various property performance parameters, including office values and rents. Practical implications – This paper empirically determines the presence of energy rating premiums at the top energy ratings in the performance of green office buildings, as well as energy rating discounts at the lower energy ratings. This clearly highlights the added value dimension of energy efficiency in green office buildings and the need for the major office property investors to prioritise the highest energy rating to facilitate additional property performance premiums. This will also see green office buildings become the norm as the market benchmark rather than non-green office buildings. Social implications – This paper highlights energy performance premiums for green office buildings. This fits into the context of sustainability in the property industry and the broader aspects of corporate social responsibility in the property industry. Originality/value – This paper is the first published property research analysis on the detailed determination of energy rating premiums across the energy rating spectrum for green office buildings in Australia. Given the increased focus on energy efficiency and green office buildings, this research enables empirically validated and practical property investment decisions by office property investors regarding the importance of energy efficiency and green office buildings, and the priority to achieve the highest energy rating to maximise property performance premiums in office values and rents.
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Vieira de Castro, Aliane, Gema Ramírez Pacheco, and Fco Javier Neila González. "HOLISTIC APPROACH TO THE SUSTAINABLE COMMERCIAL PROPERTY BUSINESS: ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN EXISTING SUSTAINABILITY CERTIFICATIONS." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 24, no. 4 (March 24, 2020): 251–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/ijspm.2020.12174.
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Sustainability is no longer a new concept. However, applying, measuring and reporting on the sustainability initiative is still a somewhat confused and subjective issue. There is a huge variety of sustainability guidelines and green building schemes of differing natures, meanings and wordings. Despite this, there is no one guideline providing a crossreference between corporate social responsibility and green building performance to help the commercial property market completely incorporate sustainability into their activities. Therefore, this paper intends to link sustainability, real estate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) and sustainable building in order to help companies internalise this concept in all areas of their operations aligning it with their strategic planning. From desk-based research, this proposal examines and compares key aspects of the main schemes in existence, which are currently evolving in the definition, assessment and report of sustainability at the corporate and built environment level. This approach provides key information to help professionals get a better understanding of the specific changes which sustainability brings about in their corporate process, strategies, investment decisions, daily business operations as well as their property management. The insights presented here can support real estate companies to develop comprehensive communication flows and tools for the measurement and disclosure of sustainability data.
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Claire Sanderson, Danielle, and Victoria Mary Edwards. "Determinants of satisfaction amongst tenants of UK offices." Journal of Corporate Real Estate 18, no. 2 (May 9, 2016): 102–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcre-09-2015-0022.
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Purpose Corporate occupiers require offices and services which meet their business needs, while landlords must attract and retain occupiers to maximise occupancy and rental income. The purpose of this paper is to help landlords and property managers understand what aspects of property management matter most to corporate occupiers, so that they can achieve a mutually beneficial relationship. Design/methodology/approach This paper analyses interviews with 1,334 office tenants in the UK, conducted over an 11-year period, to investigate determinants of occupier satisfaction, loyalty and advocacy. Structural equation modelling and regressions are performed using respondents’ ratings of satisfaction with many aspects of occupancy as explanatory variables. The dependent variables include satisfaction with property management, value for money, overall occupier satisfaction, lease renewal intentions and occupiers’ willingness to recommend their landlord. Findings The aspects with most impact on occupiers’ satisfaction are the office building itself, its location and amenities, and also communication with their property manager, a belief that their business needs are understood and the property manager’s responsiveness to occupiers’ requests. Occupiers’ loyalty depends mainly upon feeling that their rent and service charges provide value for money, an amicable leasing process, the professionalism of their property manager and the corporate social responsibility of the landlord. “Empathy” is crucial to occupiers’ willingness to recommend their landlord, and clear documentation and efficient legal process improve occupiers’ perception of receiving “Value for Money”. Research limitations/implications The sample is skewed towards occupiers of prime office buildings in the UK, owned by landlords who care sufficiently about their tenants to commission studies into occupier satisfaction. Practical implications This research should help to improve the landlord – tenant relationship, benefitting the businesses that rent property and helping building managers understand where to focus their efforts to achieve maximum effect on occupier satisfaction, loyalty and advocacy. Originality/value There has been little academic research into the determinants of satisfaction of occupiers of UK commercial property. This large-scale study enables the most influential factors to be identified and prioritised.
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Neri, Manuela, Mariagrazia Pilotelli, Marco Traversi, Elisa Levi, Edoardo Alessio Piana, Mariasole Bannó, Eva Cuerva, Pablo Pujadas, and Alfredo Guardo. "Conversion of End-of-Life Household Materials into Building Insulating Low-Cost Solutions for the Development of Vulnerable Contexts: Review and Outlook towards a Circular and Sustainable Economy." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 4397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084397.
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In a world increasingly aware of the environmental cost of the current production/ consumption model, the use of sustainable practices to reduce our environmental impact as a society becomes imperative. One way to reduce this impact is to increase the reuse of materials that are considered, by current definitions of ”waste”, at their end of life. End-of-Life Household Materials (EoLHM) can be defined as household waste materials that still possess exploitable properties, thus making them suitable for reuse. There are several studies in the literature that address the recycling of these materials. When it comes to their reuse, unfortunately, only a limited number of studies are available. This paper aims to fill this gap by investigating the possibility to convert EoLHM, such as clothes or packaging, into low-cost thermal insulating materials for the improvement of the indoor thermal comfort in buildings, especially for households at risk of suffering from energy poverty. For this purpose, a comprehensive literature review and a qualitative analysis of both commercial and EoLHM are proposed. Commercial thermal insulating materials analysis is used as a reference to measure the performance of EoLHM. Important aspects to be considered when choosing suitable EoLHM for a smart conversion and reuse are also investigated. The most important outcome of this investigation is the comprehension that the conversion of EoLHM into insulating material is possible, and it implies a direct reduction in waste production, with environmental benefits and positive social implications. However, some aspects such as adaptability, life expectancy, collection and storage are, at present, in need of further thinking and development to make the EoLHM reuse and re-conversion processes viable on a large (neighborhood/city) scale.
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Shao, Jun Yi, and Dong Wang. "Research on Innovative Technologies for Construction of Alien & Large-Scale Aluminum/Wood Window." Advanced Materials Research 935 (May 2014): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.935.247.
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New building materials alien & large-scale aluminum/wood window with the features of different shapes and large scale is a new direction in the application of civil and commercial building. The traditional method of construction and installation is prone to a lot of quality issues. If measures cannot be promptly taken to deal with or prevent these aspects, which will inevitably affect use function, durability and aesthetics, while maintenance is difficult, meantime resulting in increased costs. Thus, considering the safe use, durability and exterior performance, the project quality must be improved. This paper makes related research about the quality issues, proposes corresponding solutions and provides a complete set of construction technology processes. At last, through engineering case analysis the economic and social benefits.
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Aguilar-Ruiz, Jesus S., Diana C. Pauca-Quispe, Cinthya Butron-Revilla, Ernesto Suarez-Lopez, and Karla Aranibar-Tila. "Land Use Identification through Social Network Interaction." Applied Sciences 12, no. 17 (August 27, 2022): 8580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12178580.
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The Internet generates large volumes of data at a high rate, in particular, posts on social networks. Although social network data have numerous semantic adulterations and are not intended to be a source of geo-spatial information, in the text of posts we find pieces of important information about how people relate to their environment, which can be used to identify interesting aspects of how human beings interact with portions of land based on their activities. This research proposes a methodology for the identification of land uses using Natural Language Processing (NLP) from the contents of the popular social network Twitter. It will be approached by identifying keywords with linguistic patterns from the text, and the geographical coordinates associated with the publication. Context-specific innovations are introduced to deal with data across South America and, in particular, in the city of Arequipa, Peru. The objective is to identify the five main land uses: residential, commercial, institutional-governmental, industrial-offices and unbuilt land. Within the framework of urban planning and sustainable urban management, the methodology contributes to the optimization of the identification techniques applied for the updating of land use cadastres, since the results achieved an accuracy of about 90%, which motivates its application in the real context. In addition, it would allow the identification of land use categories at a more detailed level, in situations such as a complex/mixed distribution building based on the amount of data collected. Finally, the methodology makes land use information available in a more up-to-date fashion and, above all, avoids the high economic cost of the non-automatic production of land use maps for cities, mostly in developing countries.
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Deliautaitė, Karolina, Silvija Baubonytė, Inga Staškevičiūtė-Butienė, and Irena Valantinė. "Athlete Brand Development in Social Media: Analysis of Students’ Attitudes." Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences 2, no. 121 (July 5, 2021): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33607/bjshs.v2i121.1086.
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Background. Athlete brand image management is one of the most popular topics of discussion in sport management right now. As professional sport has become a commercialised industry segment with more athletes involved, athletes are becoming promotional faces. Most professional athletes are involved in the use of social networks. There athletes actively demonstrate their personal lives, professional accents and advertise products. It is important to understand and analyse the impact of social networks on an athlete’s brand and ways to properly position themselves in social media. Using social networks, athletes are closer to fans and consumers than ever before. Based on and applying the Athlete Brand model developed by Arai (2010), this study aimed to investigate students’ attitudes towards athletes’ self-positioning on social networks.
Methods. The study involved 367 students (151 men and 216 women) from three Lithuanian universities. The Arai (2010) questionnaire was used for the study. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 26.0.
Results. It has been found that athletes’ sports performance is statistically significant in the development of a professional athlete’s brand, it is the fundamental aspect that creates the initial status of athlete’s brand. Results showed that the strongest direct causal link was found between an athlete’s athletic performance and lifestyle. It was also found that very strong links, in the opinion of the respondents, were between the athletes’ communication and behaviours.
Conclusions. When building an athlete’s brand, it is important to pay attention to three key components: athletic performance, attractive appearance, and marketable lifestyle. These three uses of an athlete’s brand can be explained by specific aspects of sports competitions or components of personal life. However, one of the most important factors in shaping a positive image of an athlete is athletic achievements.
Practical implications. This study can provide a consistent consumer approach to key aspects, focusing on consumer attention in athlete positioning. This can help the athlete and marketers develop an appropriate personal branding and positioning strategy in social media, which will then broaden the circle of fans and strengthen the opinion of loyal fans. Athlete’s brand is a set of closely interrelated and fan-centred physical, functional, aesthetic, and emotional elements that sets athlete’s brand apart from competitors and creates financial benefits for the athlete. The brand creates benefits not only for the athlete, but also for the market participants around him/her (consumer/fan, commercial brand), which can be called the functions of the brand.
Keywords: Athlete’s image, social network, brand relationship.
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Milnor, Kristina. "Between Epigraph and Epigram: Pompeian Wall Writing and the Latin Literary Tradition." Ramus 40, no. 2 (2011): 198–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0048671x00000400.
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It has become a scholarly commonplace to remark that the ancient Roman city had, at least after the time of Augustus, a wide, varied, and almost omni-present regime of writing in public. This regime included texts of many different types, commercial, political, dedicatory; written with charcoal, paint, stylus or chisel; on stone, wood, plaster and mortar; on private houses, public monuments, temples, shops, baths, fountains and tombs. In part, this is due to what has come to be known as the ‘epigraphic habit’, the characteristically Roman practice of recording acts and events on stone. From the late Republic onwards, both public and private individuals who had even marginal means to hire a stonecutter left behind inscriptions—honorific, commemorative, funerary—which document multiple aspects of social life, from birth to death. Many of these texts have direct ties to civic authority: decrees of the Senate or the Emperor; dedicatory texts on buildings by consuls, tribunes or other magistrates; milestones, boundary markers, altars, statue bases and the like, all of which record the names of the officials responsible for their placement. The production of such publicly-readable texts, however, was not simply the purview of the state: wealthy private individuals also could and did erect monumental inscriptions, which often recorded some act of public beneficence like the construction of a building or the presentation of gladiatorial games. Other writing was less formal: thus, in Pompeii, the famouscaue canem(‘beware of the dog’) mosaic which marked the threshold of the House of the Tragic Poet; the bakery which featured a terracotta plaque with a phallus and the perhaps aspirational legendhic habitat felicitas(‘here dwells good fortune’); or the cookshop of Euxinus whose front sign announcesphoenix felix et tu(‘the phoenix is lucky, and so may you be!’). As William Harris once noted, ‘Roman cities…were full of things to read’.
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Bańka, Michał, Mariusz Salwin, Maria Kukurba, Szymon Rychlik, Joanna Kłos, and Monika Sychowicz. "Start-Up Accelerators and Their Impact on Sustainability: Literature Analysis and Case Studies from the Energy Sector." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 17, 2022): 13397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013397.
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Start-up accelerators are units supporting entrepreneurs (substantively, financially, legally, and organizationally) in establishing and running young and innovative companies such as start-ups. The commencing energy crisis has led to the need for energy savings, as well as the need to change energy policies and implement energy transformation, creating a wide field for start-ups and start-up accelerators. Making full use of potentially innovative solutions developed by start-ups is, in turn, essential for energy giants and related accelerators in the market. This has created the need for specific research in this direction. Therefore, in this paper we review the literature for 2011–2021 with respect to the role of accelerators supporting start-ups. A survey based on the Scopus database resulted in the identification of 76 papers on accelerators. Particular attention was paid to aspects of sustainable development (economic, social, and environmental). The analysis indicated that 75 works dealt with the economic aspects, 35 focused on social aspects, and only 5 focused on environmental aspects. Due to the perceived gap related to the small number of works dealing with environmental aspects, a decision was made to analyse the energy sector and the methods of operation of accelerators in this sector. Three models found in the market that were used by energy companies to cooperate with start-ups were characterized, along with their goals, in an attempt to enable an improved understanding as to which acceleration model best fits a manager’s organization. The models were supported by case studies—a model of commercial cooperation between a corporation and an external accelerator, a model of creating a corporate accelerator within an internal structure, and a hybrid model.
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Wurm, Jan, and Martin Pauli. "SolarLeaf: The world's first bioreactive façade." Architectural Research Quarterly 20, no. 1 (March 2016): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135516000245.
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Photobioreactors (pbr) are transparent containers for the controlled cultivation of microorganisms such as algae. The BIQ house is the worlds first architectural project realised featuring flat panel pbr, generating biomass and heat as part of an integrated energy concept. The project is part of the International Building Exhibition (IBA) in Hamburg.In order to implement this potential disruptive technological innovation, technical, ecological and social aspects have been looked at holistically to optimise and develop the system towards market maturity.At the foreground of this monitoring project has been the intensive evaluation and optimisation of the energy efficiency of the technology in relation to the acceptance and reception of the building users.After the successful implementation of the pilot project, a big step towards the market maturity of the system has been taken. Further improvements with respect to the efficiency and a closed value chain are required to demonstrate commercial feasibility and attract investors to implement the system more widely.
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Khallaf, Rana, Kyubyung Kang, Makarand Hastak, and Kareem Othman. "Public–Private Partnerships for Higher Education Institutions in the United States." Buildings 12, no. 11 (November 4, 2022): 1888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111888.
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Public–private Partnerships have become a common delivery method for diverse types of projects ranging from transportation and energy infrastructure to social infrastructure. Previous research has mainly focused on PPPs for infrastructure and other non-social projects. Although PPP projects for higher education institutions share some common attributes with their traditional counterparts, they also have unique aspects such as institutional culture as well as structure of ownership and management. Hence, the objectives of this research were to (1) conduct a systematic collection and analysis of PPP projects in higher education institutions in the United States; and (2) conduct a gap analysis to provide recommendations for future projects and lessons learned from past ones. A gap analysis of the published data on higher education PPPs was undertaken, identifying 45 educational PPP projects in the United States. The main areas of study were type of project (e.g., housing, commercial, mixed use, etc.), size, and investment made. Additionally, a questionnaire survey was disseminated to experts in the field to collect data on these projects and report on them. The results showed an increasing trend in project size between 1994 and 2018 with the majority being for housing developments while a smaller percentage was for commercial and utility projects. A geographical representation shows a large number of projects clustered in the Southern and Northeastern regions of the United States. Additionally, a questionnaire survey was used to identify samples of these projects and present them as a case study. The number of PPPs is expected to rise due to funding cuts and state appropriation cuts. Finally, the proposed recommendations can also be extrapolated for other social or infrastructure projects.
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Novack, Tessio, Leonard Vorbeck, Heinrich Lorei, and Alexander Zipf. "Towards Detecting Building Facades with Graffiti Artwork Based on Street View Images." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 2 (February 4, 2020): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9020098.
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As a recognized type of art, graffiti is a cultural asset and an important aspect of a city’s aesthetics. As such, graffiti is associated with social and commercial vibrancy and is known to attract tourists. However, positional uncertainty and incompleteness are current issues of open geo-datasets containing graffiti data. In this paper, we present an approach towards detecting building facades with graffiti artwork based on the automatic interpretation of images from Google Street View (GSV). It starts with the identification of geo-tagged photos of graffiti artwork posted on the photo sharing media Flickr. GSV images are then extracted from the surroundings of these photos and interpreted by a customized, i.e., transfer learned, convolutional neural network. The compass heading of the GSV images classified as containing graffiti artwork and the possible positions of their acquisition are considered for scoring building facades according to their potential of containing the artwork observable in the GSV images. More than 36,000 GSV images and 5000 facades from buildings represented in OpenStreetMap were processed and evaluated. Precision and recall rates were computed for different facade score thresholds. False-positive errors are caused mostly by advertisements and scribblings on the building facades as well as by movable objects containing graffiti artwork and obstructing the facades. However, considering higher scores as threshold for detecting facades containing graffiti leads to the perfect precision rate. Our approach can be applied for identifying previously unmapped graffiti artwork and for assisting map contributors interested in the topic. Furthermore, researchers interested on the spatial correlations between graffiti artwork and socio-economic factors can profit from our open-access code and results.
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Zacharias, John, Yue Hu, and Quan Le Huang. "Morphology and Spatial Dynamics of Urban Villages in Guangzhou’s CBD." Urban Studies Research 2013 (March 19, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/958738.
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Studies on the urban village (chengzhongcun) over the past ten years have focussed on legalistic and structural aspects, as well as the social outcomes of village-led redevelopment. Studies on the morphology of villages, their spatial and economic linkage with the city, and their internal spatial dynamics are, in comparison, limited in number and scope. This study of village space in the new central area of Guangzhou focusses on the spatial relationships between village space and the surrounding city—the exchange of people and goods, the movement system in relation to commercial activity, and the relationship between the pattern of building and movement networks—as a primer for new approaches to physical renewal. Primary field data, interviews, and archival research support the analysis of Shipai village, in particular. It was found that Shipai plays a significant role in transport and economy at the district and central city level. The internal movement system functions to connect surrounding areas while supporting a commercial and services system of local and district-level significance. The built form of the village is also self-generated by location and internal rule making. The physical and activity patterns of the self-rebuilt village exhibit the characteristics of emergent spontaneous order.
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Van Opstal, Wim, and Anse Smeets. "Market-Specific Barriers and Enablers for Organizational Investments in Solar PV—Lessons from Flanders." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 12, 2022): 13069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013069.
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Solar Photovoltaics (PV) is an important contributor to a sustainable energy transition and consists of an increasingly affordable and accessible technology. Although solar PV policies in industrialized countries have mainly benefited affluent households, non-homeowner market segments often remain underdeveloped. In this paper, we review barriers and enablers for solar PV investments in non-homeowner market segments and investigate sustainability aspects of its institutional environment. We use focus group data from Flanders (Belgium) to investigate non-homeowner residential markets (including social, rental, and collective housing), public sector markets (including schools, and health and social care facilities), and commercial markets. They have in common that they are mostly governed or mediated by organizations, and that very specific regulatory and institutional conditions apply. Our main finding is that, even in times of high energy prices, the energy savings potential of solar PV is often not a sufficient condition for organizations to engage in solar PV investments. Major barriers include diseconomies of scale, split incentive problems, internal organizational barriers, and legal uncertainty. Important enablers are energy sharing frameworks and framework contracts for group purchasing. We conclude with recommendations on institutional quality, organizational capacity building, market development, mechanism design, and social justice to ensure sustainability.
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Sheng, Qiu Sheng. "Study on Development Strategy of Third Party Logistics Based on Electronic Commercial Environment." Key Engineering Materials 584 (September 2013): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.584.277.
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Mid-20th century, with the scale of production and circulation of commodities have been expanding, the status and role of logistics has become more evident. At the same time the rise of e-commerce logistics and development of new demand, third-party logistics development as the development of the logistics industry has become an important form of specialized logistics, but also a prerequisite for development of electronic commerce. The objective of social and business requirements, the third-party logistics is increasingly becoming the mainstream of logistics development, known as the 21st century "gold industry." In this paper, the theory of third-party logistics and research-based, combine the first e-commerce development environment, described the development of electronic commerce on the impact of a third party logistics, and third-party logistics environment was the development of micro, meson and macro for analysis, followed by third-party logistics system, proposed comprehensive third party logistics capability evaluation system design principles, according to third-party logistics enterprise's comprehensive ability to evaluate the impact of factors, ability to set a comprehensive evaluation of the indicators, building the ability of third party logistics enterprise's comprehensive evaluation system, respectively, from service capabilities, relationship skills and the aspects of the internal capacity of the comprehensive capacity of third party logistics evaluation, then the use of AHP and fuzzy assessment method on simulated third-party logistics company comprehensive assessment, and evaluation results were analyzed. Finally, according to analysis of the results of the evaluation, and drawing on advanced domestic and international experience of the Third Party Logistics, e-commerce environment, third party logistics proposed the development of countermeasures and suggestions: to strengthen the construction of third-party logistics information, and promote third-party logistics and supply chain integration, and enhance internal capabilities.
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Drule, Alexandra M., Mihai F. Băcilă, Luiza M. Souca, and Raluca Ciornea. "Projected Destination Image: A Content Analysis of Promotional Videos for City-level Tourism Destination." Marketing – from Information to Decision Journal 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/midj-2020-0004.
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Abstract The current paper used content analysis to examine 50 commercials featuring the most internationally visited cities in the world as of 2019. It analyzed the components, scenes, and frames used to create the projected image of an attractive tourism destination, appealing to tourists from all walks of life. Regardless of the region to which the city belongs, most promotional videos used items from all the significant dimensions identified: natural resources; atmosphere of the place; culture, history, art; tourist infrastructure; entertainment resources; shopping resources; social environment; other resources. Overall, the most common frames identified were outdoor sports activities, historical and archeological buildings, and restaurants, and fine dining. In contrast, the least common frames were tourist information center, smart city aspects, and awards and distinctions. The analysis shows that most Asia and the Pacific, and European cities choose frames depicting historical and archeological buildings, while cities in the Americas, and the Middle East and Africa go for frames depicting outdoor sports activities. From an affective perspective, the atmosphere of the place depicted for Asia and the Pacific, and American cities emphasizes inclusivity, European cities are relaxing, and for the Middle East and Africa is vibrancy. As a subcategory, inclusivity defined as racial, age, sexual and gender, religious, and disability related diversity, had the best representation for racial diversity in all the regions, sexual and gender, and age-related diversity were polarized by region, while religious diversity and disability-related diversity were the least visible.
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Liu, Long. "Urban Complex Public Space Design Method Based on Support Vector Machine." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (April 16, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9812223.
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Urban commercial complex is the product of social and economic development, as well as the inevitable trend of commercial development. The public space design of urban complex project is an important link in its development process, which is the link between the contact and the building, the city and the building, and the external image display of the complex. Therefore, choosing a suitable and excellent public space design scheme is of great significance to show the superiority of the complex project and improve the project satisfaction and the sustainable operation in the later stage. This paper first defines the concept of urban complex public space and focuses on the analysis of the urban complex public space from four aspects of constituent elements, functional classification, design theory, and principle. Then, the Delphi method is used to determine 26 evaluation indicators to evaluate the urban complex public space design scheme, and the relevant index data of 20 urban complex public space design schemes are collected. The grey correlation analysis method is used to analyze the correlation degree between each indicator and the scheme winning bid. The final evaluation system of urban complex public space design scheme is obtained after removing the 8 indicators with low correlation degree. Support vector mechanism was used to build the optimization model of urban complex public space design scheme, and its accuracy was verified, which provides a relatively simple and quantitative method for urban public space design in the future, helps to improve the city’s business structure, improves the business environment of the city, makes the commercial complex more effectively play its own characteristics and advantages, effectively stimulates the vitality of urban space, and creates more perfect architectural space and urban space for people.
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Iung, Anderson Mitterhofer, Fernando Luiz Cyrino Oliveira, and André Luís Marques Marcato. "A Review on Modeling Variable Renewable Energy: Complementarity and Spatial–Temporal Dependence." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 17, 2023): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031013.
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The generation from renewable sources has increased significantly worldwide, mainly driven by the need to reduce the global emissions of greenhouse gases, decelerate climate changes, and meet the environmental, social, and governance agenda (ESG). The main characteristics of variable renewable energy (VRE) are the stochastic nature, its seasonal aspects, spatial and time correlations, and the high variability in a short period, increasing the complexity of modeling, planning, operating, and the commercial aspects of the power systems. The research on the complementarity and dependence aspects of VREs is gaining importance, given the development of hybrid generation systems and an array of VREs generators spread over a large region, which could be compounded by different renewable sources, such as hydro, solar, and wind. This review is based on a systematic literature review, providing a comprehensive overview of studies that investigated applied methodologies and methods to address dependence and complementarity. It is a recent field of interest, as 60% of the articles were published in the last five years, a set of methods that have been employed to address this issue, from conventional statistics methods to artificial intelligence. The copulas technique appears as an important approach to modeling renewable energy interdependence. There is a gap in articles comparing the accuracy of the methods employed and the computational efforts.
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Daskal, Shira, Omar Asi, Isam Sabbah, Ofira Ayalon, and Katie Baransi-Karkaby. "Decentralized Composting Analysis Model—Benefit/Cost Decision-Making Methodology." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 7, 2022): 16397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416397.
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Municipal solid waste management is considered one of the major environmental challenges. Organic waste, especially food waste, usually accounts for over 50 wt% of municipal solid waste, yet, in most countries, it is the least recovered material. Decentralized composting aims to develop a new framework of waste management, building a closed-loop system for the composting of home, community, and commercial organic waste in urban environments. However, in some cases, decentralized composting is not economically and/or environmentally viable. Even when it is viable, various barriers and challenges need to be addressed in many cases. Different models in the literature address certain aspects of organic waste management, such as food waste treatment technology, recovery of energy, site selection, or environmental impact. The objective of this study is to provide guidelines and a methodological framework to quantify economic, social, operational, environmental, and regulatory aspects, in order to examine the viability and feasibility of decentralized composting projects at any given location. The decentralized composting analysis model proposed in this study has been developed with an innovative approach to decentralized composting project planning and design, an approach that is both holistic and very practical. The innovative model incorporates various aspects to examine the viability of decentralized composting projects based on benefit/cost criteria. In this respect, a result obtained through another model that examines a specific aspect of decentralized composting can be used as input for the model presented here. The decentralized composting analysis model provides a powerful tool for decision makers, based on the quantification of the decentralized composting project characteristics, and a benefit/cost index that takes into account the various impact variables. The decentralized composting analysis model allows examining the viability of the decentralized composting project in different scenarios, locations and options, and can help indicate the most viable alternative. In this paper, we describe the decentralized composting analysis model and its methodological framework, along with numerical examples to demonstrate its implementation.
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Roem, Elva Ronaning, Ghina Novarisa, and Sarmiati Sarmiati. "MODEL KOMUNIKASI DA’I DALAM PEMBINAAN ROHANI PADA MANTAN PEKERJA SEKS KOMERSIAL DI KOTA PADANG." Jurnal Ranah Komunikasi (JRK) 4, no. 1 (June 26, 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/rk.4.1.144-157.2020.
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One way of ex-Commercial Sex Workers to be accepted in society is by studying religion and looking for preachers who can help them understand religious communication. Meanwhile, the Da'i provide religious communication through da'wah to try to save ex-Commercial Sex Workers to get the right path. This research focuses on social phenomena about how Da'i's communication experience provides lessons through religious communication of spiritual coaching in former prostitution at Padang City. The experience can be seen from three aspects, namely religious communication of former prostitution in spiritual formation based on subjective experiences, symbolic interaction forms constructed by Da'i in conveying religious communication to ex-prostitutes and how Da'i constructs religious communication behavior in former prostitution after resign as sex worker. This research uses a qualitative method with a constructive paradigm. The data collection method is interview, observation and documentation. The informants of this research are da'I and former prostitution. This research was analyzed and dissected with phenomenological, symbolic interactional theory and reality construction. The results of this study are the communication of the Dai Religion in Spiritual Development in Former Prostitution in Padang conducted the first stage of the Moral Development method, the Second Stage of self-transformation and the third Stage of intellectual capacity building. Symbolic interaction is shown by Dai in communicating communication messages through verbal symbols that is more to language. Construction of the Meaning of Former prostitution by Dai to former prostituses after quitting employment in disguised prostitution is that ex-prostitution must be appreciated.
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Michl, Peter, David Lorenz, Thomas Lützkendorf, and Sarah Sayce. "Reflecting sustainability in property valuation – a progress report." Journal of Property Investment & Finance 34, no. 6 (September 5, 2016): 552–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-03-2016-0022.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report on the findings of a survey conducted by the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) to discuss the extent to which qualified valuers have adapted their valuation practices in the light of guidance published by RICS in respect of sustainability and commercial property. The findings are placed within a wider debate between assessment of market value and investment value (worth). Design/methodology/approach The paper is a theoretical discussion incorporating the results from an empirical survey of valuation practitioners. Findings The paper reveals that guidance published by RICS in 2011 has achieved limited, but variable, impact in terms of impacting on valuation practice due to a combination of factors including lack of knowledge of the guidance, non-requirement of clients to request sustainability reporting within valuations, paucity of data. It found that where worth (investment value) is required, sustainability factors are more likely to impact the calculation than where an estimate of market value is prepared. The paper identifies theoretical problems and practical barriers hindering an integration of sustainability aspects into valuation practice. Research limitations/implications The empirical work was conducted prior to the embedding of guidance within the mandatory provisions of the “Red Book”; the study therefore reports on a direction of travel rather than the current position. The implications for research are the requirement to enhance data capture and to seek ways to break down the barriers to more comprehensive integration of such data so that worth and market values may begin to converge. Practical implications The paper has practical implications for both the education of valuers which is proposed through the RenoValue project discussed in the paper and for the RICS in monitoring progress towards more specific integration within valuers’ calculations. Further, the paper identifies that clients and lenders have a key role to play through the instructions given to valuers. Social implications There is now widespread recognition that properties which are not resource efficient and which are not equipped to flex to changing occupier needs may not currently be “future proofed” in investment value terms and are likely to see value erosion over time. Further, buildings have a key role in terms of climate change policy. Whilst new buildings can be mandated to meet improved efficiency standards, the ways in which buildings owners can be encouraged to upgrade will be important moving forward. One way is through a value chain response. Originality/value The survey is the most comprehensive investigation of valuer’s practice in relation to sustainability and the assessment of market value and worth undertaken. This provides a unique insight into the effectiveness of professional guidance and enables an informed discussion as to appropriate ways to enhance guidance moving forward.
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Costanza Torri, Maria. "Increasing Knowledge and Traditional Use of Medicinal Plants by Local Communities in Tamil Nadu: Promoting Self-Reliance at the Grassroots Level Through a Community-Based Entrepreneurship Initiative." Complementary health practice review 15, no. 1 (January 2010): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533210110379938.
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The presence of traditional medicine (TM) and medical practitioners in remote areas of the world is well documented by anthropological studies. However, social, cultural, and environmental factors influencing health and traditional health systems are usually analyzed separately, ignoring the interlinkages existing among them and the resulting synergies, as well as the impact these will have on multiple aspects of local communities. This article presents an innovative and integrated approach to the promotion of a traditional health knowledge system through a community-based entrepreneurship initiative, the Gram Mooligai Company Limited (GMCL), operating in Tamil Nadu (India). The field study took place in Tamil Nadu over a period of 4 months. The data were collected through individual and group interviews and were complemented by participant observations. The research highlights the existence of a strong relationship between commercial initiatives centered on ethnomedicine, enhancement of local livelihoods, gender empowerment, and conservation and enhancement of traditional knowledge through community capacity building. The article points out the importance of promoting and sustaining community initiatives such as GMCL with appropriate policies and affirms the necessity of reinforcing the links among culture, conservation, and socioeconomic development of local communities, particularly among the most vulnerable sectors of society.
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Tan, Wen Di, and Li Zhu. "The Fusion of Commercial Buildings and the City." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 1618–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.1618.
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The fusion of commercial buildings and city will more closely, this paper analyzes issue of fusion from three aspects, the fusion of commercial buildings and city traffic, energy, communication system, the fusion of commercial buildings and other functions building in the city, the fusion of humane geographical features of commercial buildings and city, this paper has guiding significance to design the commercial project planning and commercial building.
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Mok, Ka Yan, Geoffrey Qiping Shen, and Rebecca Yang. "Stakeholder complexity in large scale green building projects." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 25, no. 11 (December 3, 2018): 1454–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-09-2016-0205.
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Purpose In response to the world’s rising awareness on sustainability, industry players and policymakers are devoting great efforts to bolster green building developments. Every green building project (GBP) involves numerous stakeholders and potentially incompatible concerns. Despite the associated environmental, economic and social benefits, GBP developments have often confronted managerial barriers which are actually emerged from stakeholders – the actual key determinants of a project. Holistically analyzing the complexity of stakeholders in GBPs is, therefore, crucial to improving GBP management and achieving greater sustainability for all involved. The purpose of this paper is to analyze stakeholder complexity in large GBPs using a holistic framework which integrates both empirical and rationalistic analytical perspectives. Design/methodology/approach The complexity of stakeholders in GBPs can be considered from three aspects – identifying stakeholders, assessing stakeholder interactions and analyzing stakeholder concerns. The proposed stakeholder analysis framework uses both empirical methods (e.g. interviews and surveys) and rationalistic methods (e.g. chain referral sampling and social network analysis) to analyze GBP stakeholder complexity. Case study of a lab-enabled commercial GBP in Hong Kong was undertaken to illustrate the framework. Findings The framework enables a holistic, objective and effective stakeholder analysis; leading GBP leaders toward a complete understanding of project stakeholder complexity. The case study findings bring managerial insights to GBP leaders on the general SNA-related stakeholder dynamics and the important stakeholder concerns, of large Hong Kong GBPs. The findings diagnose general connectivity structures of GBP stakeholders, identify influential and peripheral actors in GBP information exchange, and suggest clues to improve their dynamics. In addition, ten key stakeholder concerns were identified, including comprehensive governmental standards and procedures, clear sustainability goals at the outset, effective stakeholder engagement, adequate design flexibility, and a “can-do” attitude of contractors and consultants – which are all vital for successful GBP development. The underlying reasons of these concerns and recommendations to addressing them were also discussed. Originality/value Many existing GBP stakeholder studies appear to use a single analytical perspective to assess project stakeholder complexity, but this may not gain a full understanding. The holistic stakeholder analysis framework used herein combines empiricism and rationalism. It helps to bring GBP leaders and implementers toward a more informed project decision making, a more thorough understanding of stakeholder complexity, as well as a more effective engagement of stakeholders.
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Markovskaya, Elizaveta, Victoria Holodkova, and Dmitry Radushinsky. "Public-Private Partnerships: Does Russian Practice Follow International Experience?" Journal of Corporate Finance Research / Корпоративные Финансы | ISSN: 2073-0438 13, no. 2 (November 20, 2019): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/j.jcfr.2073-0438.13.2.2019.104-113.
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Business partnerships between state agencies and private sector entities represent one of the most common forms ofinteraction between government and the business sector. Moreover, these public-private partnership (PPP) projects canbe a major and effective catalyst for significant social and commercial development in the public sphere.This article is devoted to an analysis of recent changes in the legislative base concerning PPP in the Russian Federation.We intend to identify pragmatic approaches toward assessing the economic effects of PPP involvement for potentialstakeholders, as well as constructing models of financial frameworks for mapping the PPP project implementation. Thisarticle presents the result of testing the financial model that we propose. The ultimate intention is that this model can beused in the preparation of concession agreements and negotiation in the preparation of PPP projects.To achieve this, we analyze the legal framework and development trends of public-private partnership projects,both theoretically and practically. We consider and evaluate PPP from the point of view of 3 aspects: organizational,methodological and managerial. To achieve this, we must identify the interests of the various stakeholders who aredirectly or indirectly interested in the practical results of the project in both a material and a sociopolitical sense.For each of the stakeholders, we identify areas for them to evaluate in the process of analyzing potential PPP projects.This includes the potential quantitative and qualitative results of a project that can be identified and, as a rule, measured,which allows for a standard approach to political and commercial evaluation. As a result, we present an algorithm forbuilding a financial model which accounts for material and seemingly immaterial variablesIt is suggested that this approach to building a financial model and evaluating the effects of PPP projects provides auniquely useful perspective on the field. We utilize the most modern methods for assessing risks, benefits and effects forvarious stakeholders of projects implemented in the form of PPP, and as a result this paper provides ample opportunityfor further development of research. The presentation of the evaluation algorithm for PPP stakeholders takes intoaccount the complex structure of the partnership participants and will be useful for academic, commercial, andadministrative parties.
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Melnyk, L., A. Oreshchenko, and S. Batychenko. "The urban space transformation of Lutsk as an example." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 64 (2016): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2016.64.8.
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The article deals with the historical aspects of the origin and formation of streets within the experimental area in the city of Lutsk. The modern pecularities of development and operations of the objects within the experimental area are analysed here. The factors of influence on the level and distribution of transformation processes pecularities of urban space within the experimental area are characterized. There are defined the research of space transformations as one of evaluation methods of estimation of social and economic conditions of people living in the article. The very people were concerned not as generator of these changes but as media which only change the environment in which they live and adopted. These conditions are: social, economic and natural. Mapping of these transformations as one of investigation methods (also using observation, questioning and oth.) have allowed more information about the subject of research; besides changing of representation information method supported of revealing of object geographical peculiarities, their factors and consequences. Also representation of results in view that are more convenient for perception is need to creating of theoretical statements which have helped to understanding of social and geographical processes. The common transformation features of urban space within the experimental area of the city of Lutsk are highlighted. The results of sociological research on transformation of urban space are analysed as well. The areas with different types of transformation processes within the experimental area are identified here. It is done using the historical, map, sociological research methods. Based on the historical and cartographic analysis we watched some processes of transformation of urban space within the test area of the city of Lutsk: facilities services and trading concentrates along of residential buildings within the territory of the main streets (Freedom Avenue and street of Vinnichenko); commercially important area changes to living zone; the city borders grow and building-up is sealed. However, respondents believe that in the future with the cultural function and expansion of rest zones should strengthen the housing function of area. Percentage of disaffected of urban space changes is only 10%. We can see that people of Lutsk city are conscious citizens and in case for violation of their rights under the transformation of urban space will take appropriate action. So the city is undergoing of functional changes of urban space characteristic of post-Soviet time cities.
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Wójcik, Magdalena. "How to design innovative information services at the library?" Library Hi Tech 37, no. 2 (June 17, 2019): 138–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lht-07-2018-0094.
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Purpose The subject of the paper is innovative information services. The purpose of this paper is to identify the potential sources of innovation in library information services and point out how they can be used to improve the overall service quality. Design/methodology/approach In the first stage, literature analysis and critique was used to establish the state of research in the field of innovative solutions and select the main sources of innovation in services. Next, a systematic search of the subject literature and network resources was carried out according to the selected criteria to find the examples of innovative commercial services, particularly in the information sector. Findings Libraries, like all customer-oriented service organizations, must innovate and continually evolve to better meet the needs of their audience. It seems that in libraries, the basis of innovation and building a competitive advantage over other institutions may primarily be the thoughtful design of services in the spirit of the assumptions of the experience economy. Innovative ideas based on in-depth knowledge of user needs are less dependent on financial conditions and more on the creativity and enthusiasm of library staff. Research limitations/implications This paper is a conceptual work presenting the issue of innovation from the perspective adopted by the author. The paper does not aim to fulfill the subject but to show some interesting aspects of this issue and help initiate discussions on innovation in libraries from the perspective of phenomena present on the commercial information services market. This approach, which has not yet been adapted in library science, may show some new aspects and lead to new conclusions. This is a literature review type of paper that is not based on empirical research and it has not yet been tested in practice; however, the author believes that it can provide a valuable framework for designing and implementing innovative services in libraries. The presented process is a preliminary proposal that can and should be modified in the future based on further scientific reflection and examples of implementations in libraries. Practical implications The results can be widely used in practice as a framework for designing innovative services in libraries. The paper, based on subject literature, proposes a process of designing innovative information services that can and should be tested in practice. Social implications The paper can help initiate the debate on the need to implement innovative solutions in library services. Originality/value The issue of innovation in library services has not yet been widely discussed in library and information science journals from the perspective proposed by the author. This paper presents a specific approach to library innovation based on the observation of the certain phenomena on the commercial market, which opens the door to new reflections.
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Antoniadou, Panagiota, Effrosyni Giama, and Agis Papadopoulos. "Analysis of environmental aspects affecting comfort in commercial buildings." Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 3 (2018): 819–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170921016a.
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Environmental aspects are of high priority for the identification and evaluation of the parameters that affect the design and construction of buildings. Their improvement in case of the existing European building stock while considering and maintaining the occupants? comfort sensation in high levels, is imperative for creating an environmental friendly building. The combination of those aspects can upgrade the indoor conditions leading to the creation of an appealing workspace where the well fair of the occupants is established. In this line of approach, an integrated evaluation of the indoor environmental parameters was conducted in office buildings, located in Thessaloniki, Greece, based on the occupants? comfort sensation. Main goal of the study is the determination of the existing correlations between the perceived comfort sensation and a variety of environmental parameters considered in building rating certification schemes. Those correlations can outline the weight of every aspect based on the occupants' view and also help the policy makers to accomplish the vision of an environmental sustainable, not only concerning the energy consumption but also the occupants, building.
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Kamola, Aleksander, Sebastian Różycki, Paweł Bylina, Piotr Lewandowski, and Adam Burakowski. "Forgotten Nazi Forced Labour Camps: Arbeitslager Riese (Lower Silesia, SE Poland) and the Use of Archival Aerial Photography and Contemporary LiDAR and Ground Truth Data to Identify and Delineate Camp Areas." Remote Sensing 12, no. 11 (June 3, 2020): 1802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12111802.
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The “Riese” project was a huge construction project initiated by German Nazi authorities, which was located in the northeast of the Sowie Mountains (Ger. Eulengebirge) in southwestern Poland. Construction of the “Riese” complex took place in 1943–1945 but was left unfinished. Due to the lack of reliable sources, the exact intended function of the Riese complex is still unknown. The construction was carried out by prisoners, mostly Jews, from the main nearby concentration camps, KL Gross-Rosen and KL Auschwitz-Birkenau. Thanks to the discovery in the National Archives (NARA, USA) of a valuable series of German aerial photographs taken in February 1945, insight into the location of labour camps was obtained. These photographs, combined with LiDAR data from the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography (Warsaw, Poland), allowed for the effective identification and field inspection of the camps’ remains. The location and delimitation of the selected labour camps were confirmed by an analysis of the 1945 aerial photograph combined with LiDAR data. These results were supported by field inspection as well as archival testimonies of witnesses. The field inspection of the construction remains indicated intentionally faulty construction works, which deliberately reduced the durability of the buildings and made them easy to demolish. The authors believe that it is urgent to continue the research and share the results with both the scientific community and the local community. The authors also want to emphasize that this less-known aspect of Holocaust history is gradually disappearing in social and institutional memory and is losing to the commercial mythologization of the Riese object.
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Xu, Wenping, Lingli Xiang, and David Proverbs. "Assessing Community Resilience to Urban Flooding in Multiple Types of the Transient Population in China." Water 12, no. 10 (October 6, 2020): 2784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102784.
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While various measures of mitigation and adaptation to climate change have been taken in recent years, many have gradually reached a consensus that building community resilience is of great significance when responding to climate change, especially urban flooding. There has been a dearth of research on community resilience to urban floods, especially among transient communities, and therefore there is a need to conduct further empirical studies to improve our understanding, and to identify appropriate interventions. Thus, this work combines two existing resilience assessment frameworks to address these issues in three different types of transient community, namely an urban village, commercial housing, and apartments, all located in Wuhan, China. An analytic hierarchy process–back propagation neural network (AHP-BP) model was developed to estimate the community resilience within these three transient communities. The effects of changes in the prioritization of key resilience indicators under different environmental, economic, and social factors was analyzed across the three communities. The results demonstrate that the ranking of the indicators reflects the connection between disaster resilience and the evaluation units of diverse transient communities. These aspects show the differences in the disaster resilience of different types of transient communities. The proposed method can help decision makers in identifying the areas that are lagging behind, and those that need to be prioritized when allocating limited and/or stretched resources.
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Desmaria, Angela Ayu, Hari Yuliarso, and Tri Yuni Iswati. "REDESAIN PASAR CEPOGO DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR KONTEKSTUAL DI BOYOLALI." Arsitektura 15, no. 1 (July 14, 2017): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/arst.v15i1.11642.
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<p><strong><em>Abstract:</em></strong><em> </em><em>Pasar Cepogo is a public commercial centre in Cepogo. This traditional market is the preferred place to shop daily needs by the residents of Cepogo and people living in its surrounding area since it offers array of affordable prices.</em><em> </em><em>There are </em><em>social aspects of the tradition manifested in the way bargains are settled</em><em>. Yet, this market still has </em><em>problem</em><em>s</em><em> such as inconvenient environment, cluttered floor plan, unc</em><em>harte</em><em>d activities, and decaying infrastructures</em><em>. Based on these conditions</em><em>, the design</em><em> problem consists of creating a space to cater all activities in Pasar Cepogo and taking form fitting to its surrounding in order to maintain its existence as a traditional market. </em><em>Redesign project of Pasar Cepogo aims to improve the condition of the market in order to provide convenient commercial space suiting present-day demand without leaving its traditional roots</em><em>.</em><em> </em><em>Hence, contextual architecture ap</em><em>p</em><em>roach is considered fit the notion. Contextual theme aspires to appropriate the redesigned building for its site, which concerns physical features, climate, culture, and local architecture aspects of the surrounding area</em><em>. Physical features approach influence the site management adapted to the site conditions. Climate aspects approach is implemented into design response to the local climate, such as the use of a high and sloping roof, tritisan, and cross ventilation. The cultural approach is actualized into the space management adapted to the context of activities in Pasar Cepogo. Local architecture approach is implemented into the form and appearance of the building, adjusting Java architecture and Hindu architecture that once evolved in Cepogo.</em><em></em></p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: </em><em>C</em><em>ontextual </em><em>A</em><em>rchitecture, </em><em>M</em><em>arket </em><em>R</em><em>edesign, </em><em>T</em><em>raditional </em><em>M</em><em>arke</em><em>t.</em></p>
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Guo, Li Hua, and Li Ming Chen. "Research on EMC Promote Green Commercial Buildings Form." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 1547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.1547.
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In order to achieve the goal of energy efficiency in commercial buildings, This article focused on EMC model in commercial building energy saving, and studied on the features of the model, building, usage and other aspects.
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Zlenko, Alla, and Оlena Isaikina. "Features of corporate social responsibility of business in Ukraine." University Economic Bulletin, no. 46 (September 1, 2020): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2020-46-115-127.
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Relevance of the research topic. In the conditions of systemic restructuring of the economy of Ukraine in the direction of its adaptation to world standards, one of the integral components of the successful functioning of modern business is the development of a strategy of corporate social responsibility. Today, sustainable economic development is not determined by the factor of availability of raw materials or markets, but the opportunity for companies to join the market of highly skilled labor, scientific inventions and the latest technologies. The problems of employment, social instability, and deteriorating environment are becoming more acute and urgent in the world. All this necessitates the formation of an innovative model of development and principles of corporate social responsibility, which is becoming one of the most important areas of a market economy. Formulation of the problem. It is theoretically proven and confirmed by the practice of the world's leading companies that social responsibility can and should be considered as an important social resource of the organization, able to form concrete benefits, ensure sustainable development, adequately respond to social challenges (both internal and external), turning the latter into opportunities. It should be emphasized that social responsibility appears as an important social resource, regardless of the concept of social responsibility the company adheres to. Analysis of recent research and publications. Theoretical and methodological aspects of the formation and development of social responsibility of business are embedded in the studies of the following leading foreign scientists: A. Berle, G. Bowen, M. Velazquez, A. Carroll, F. Kotler, G. Minz, J. Rawls, K. Smith, M Friedman et al. Of particular interest in studying this problem are the works of modern domestic scientists: O. Danylenko, V. Yevtushenko, A. Kolota, N. Kyryliuk, M. Kuzhelev, V. Mamontova, O. Sheremeta and others. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. The issue of the effectiveness of the functioning of corporate social responsibility in Ukrainian business practice and the formation of the domestic model of CSR remains insufficiently studied in the domestic scientific environment. Problem statement, purpose of research. The key direction of the world community today is the development of human capital as the basis of the general welfare of the state. One of the conditions for the implementation of the concept of human development and human capital is the introduction and compliance with the basics of corporate social responsibility of business (CSR). The purpose of the work is a comprehensive analysis of the development of CSR in Ukraine. Research methodology. During the writing of the article the methods of analysis and synthesis, system approach, statistical analysis, generalization and structuring were used. Presentation of the main research material. The institution of socially responsible business is typical of most countries with economies based on market values, long-standing democratic traditions, and a developed civil society. In modern conditions in different countries, the participation of business in solving social problems is either strictly regulated under current commercial, tax, labor, environmental legislation or carried out independently under the influence of specially established incentives and benefits. In Ukraine, this process is in the initial stages of its development and takes place in a dominant position of the state, extremely weak development of civil society institutions and oligarchic business development. Field of application of results. The results of the study can be applied in the process of forming a strategy of corporate social responsibility of a modern enterprise. Conclusions in accordance with the article. Corporate social responsibility in the developed world has long been part of society. Today, domestic business leaders are joining the global movement for socially responsible business. In order for funds allocated for social initiatives to bring sustainable results and work on the image of the business, companies must move to building these activities on a systemic basis in accordance with the strategy. It is here that broad prospects open up for the joint efforts of companies, civil society organizations, the media and the state. The immediate business benefits of CSR are the creation of a stable business environment, reduced operational risks, increased financial performance and sales, increased productivity, reduced recruitment costs, market expansion and, consequently, increased market value in the future. The interaction of political, social and economic actors, based on the principles of social partnership, allows to ensure the stable progressive development of the state. With the increasing importance of non-financial factors of sustainable development (social stability, environmental security, etc.), the practical and theoretical aspects of social responsibility are updated.
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Faria, Debora Raquel, Claudia Robbi Sluter, Alessandro Filla Rosaneli, and Silvana Philippi Camboim. "Defensive Architecture Mapping: a case study in the city of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-73-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In Brazil, some aspects of the urban reality are not in the official maps. Those aspects are either informal urban elements, built without conventional parameters, or exclusive and exclusionary elements build by a privileged part of society, such as in gated communities. Informal or not, a significant part of these elements does not hold building permits. Furthermore, they are difficult to be represented in maps. The disconnection between the formal and the informal city results in a considerable amount of information that is not represented in official cartography. Thus, the lack of representation of certain urban elements in maps and urban plans is also a socio-spatial segregation symptom. One of the most representative features of Brazilian socio-spatial segregation is the so-called macro urban segregation, in which the higher-class neighborhoods are concentrated in some specific regions, completely separated from the poor communities (VILLAÇA, 2000). This fact explains the reason why the informal settlement areas, like slums, are excluded from many urban zoning plans and formal cartographic representations.</p><p>In addition to the irregular settlements, the urban landscape is endowed with smaller scale elements that also generate social exclusion and interfere in the urban and public space, both in material and immaterial ways. Immaterial aspects, such as civility, democracy, and the use of space, are difficult and complex to represent in maps. In turn, the material aspects that cause segregation are not in the maps either. Among the urban reality aspects that are difficult to be mapped, defensive architecture, also named hostile architecture, is the focus of the research work presented here. We consider defensive architecture any construction or object used to control or segregate the urban space, especially the common public space, defining who is allowed to use or access certain areas. Therefore, the elements deployed for this purpose are present in the urban landscape in different forms: protective iron grids, gates, metal spikes, sprinklers, thorn bushes or any other material strategy to control the space.</p><p>All these strategies are related to the physical and social segregation of the territory and they assured the use of public space only by some selected groups of people. Nevertheless, the traditional mapping does not follow the fast spread of defensive strategies, making difficult their monitoring and the understanding of their effect on the city. As already mentioned, the architectural elements responsible for exclusionary practices are not registered neither in building permits nor urban plans. Consequently, they are not in any official mapping. Considering that official cartography depicts and represents established policies for the territory occupation – the retrenchment and control to the access and the rights to the territory do not occur only on international borders, the discussion about territorialization, also, implicates excluding or including people within particular boundaries, such as within urban spaces (PETER VANDERGEEST and NANCY LEE PELUSO, 1995).</p><p>Motivated by these issues, this research is oriented by how cartography can operate as a spatial analysis instrument to understand the hostile architecture consequences in the public space. Once traditional mapping practices do not include informal elements, such as defensive architecture, our research hypothesis is that the study, classification, and mapping of these elements require diverse arrangements, besides the official ways of representation, such as collaborative mapping and in situ data surveying. The work is in progress and it started in 2017, with the study on the advance of defensive elements over Curitiba city landscape. Curitiba is a municipality in the south of Brazil. In this study, a small area in the city center was defined, and the defensive elements were inventoried and mapped. The region chosen for data surveying was the <i>Sete de Setembro</i> Avenue which has a particular architectural type: public galleries &ndash; originally projected to assure the pedestrians a safe walk and to extend sidewalks and public space as well. However, currently, the galleries host many forms of hostile architecture, especially large flowerpots and iron gates that completely close the covered sidewalk. The initial research work results stimulated us to propose a research project about exclusionary architecture and authoritarianism in the center city of Curitiba. Therefore, in 2018, the fieldwork was redone more systematically. At that point, we designed and generated a group of maps. The purpose of this work is to act as a pilot for a larger analysis, throughout the extended center of the city.</p><p>The design and generation of the maps were developed by the theory of thematic mapping. We firstly defined the map users and their needs. Based on the users’ needs and the spatial analysis they will perform when the maps are ready, we established which urban features would be depicted on the maps. Knowing the urban features to be mapped we could determine the maps’ scales, thus, the level of map generalization. The next step was to defined the features classification. In the end, we developed the cartographic language to design the maps’ symbols, and we built the maps. As some results, we understand that the main user of those maps is the researcher responsible for the study "Architecture of exclusion and authoritarianism: control of the use of public space in the city center of Curitiba." The main objective of the research is to evaluate how design, architecture and urban planning contribute to the conformation of exclusionary public spaces in the center of Curitiba. Thus, a GIS software helped to evaluate the positioning of hostile elements, and it allowed understanding which places are most prone to be modified with exclusionary architecture.</p><p>The GIS also helps in achieving some specific objectives, such as identifying where the current legal structure influences on the landscape and on the limitation of public space use; verifying how the advance of private spaces over common use spaces, such as residential or commercial buildings, and galleries contribute to the quality of the public space; inventorying elements of hostile architecture (pines on benches, flowerpots on facades, railings) under the galleries of the avenue; and classifying the elements and the degree of restriction they exert under the public space. In order to improve the analysis and data mapping, two groups of hostile architecture classes were defined. The first refers to the type of hostile element, based on the 2017 survey: (1) blockages or private appropriations of public space, private appropriations of covered walks, with tables and chairs used in a restricted and commercial way, as an extension of commercial establishments; (2) hostile furniture, urban furniture placed in front of commercial establishments and residential condominiums (waste bins, bicycle racks, plants pots, skewers and sprinklers); and (3) the gates or grids, which close the galleries partially or totally. The second group os classes is related to the exclusion level that each element provokes: high, medium or low.</p><p>As a result of the map design, four maps were created. The thematic maps titles are “covered galleries location”, “defensive equipment location”, “hostile and defensive equipment”, and “degree of exclusion”. As an in-progress study, the pilot project described here is fruitful with regards to the possibility of its application in wider study areas, such as entire neighbourhoods. Among the processes that most aided in the studies, the possibility of easy inclusion of points in virtual platforms, like MyMaps or OpenStreetMap was the most productive. This has motivated the creation of collaborative maps (still in development), which enables any person to insert points on them. We also consider that the collaborative process brings benefits not only to facilitate the mapping of elements of exclusion, but to involve the academic community in the research and, at the same time, to raise questions about the process of construction of public space. Furthermore, the official mapping is tied to some agendas, despite the new tools available to democratize cartography. Thus, collaborative mapping is a form of enabling collective construction of a database, besides allowing the integration of several media (text, video, images and audios) with the traditional mapping.</p>