Journal articles: 'Social aspects of Crime on television'

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Skibińska, Elżbieta. "Czy tłumaczona powieść kryminalna może uczyć historii? O przekładach Śmierci w Breslau i Głowy Minotaura Marka Krajewskiego." Przekładaniec, no. 40 (2020): 70–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16891864pc.20.004.13167.

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Is a Translated Crime Novel Likely to Teach History? About the Translations of Śmierć w Breslau [Death in Breslau] and Głowa Minotaura [The Minotaur’s Head] by Marek Krajewski Crime novel is considered one of the most important innovations of the twentieth century in the field of fiction. Together with cinema, television and “elite” literature which often take over some of its features (themes and plots), it plays a significant role in creating the representation of reality proposed to the readers. The investigation described in the novels is set in a context which refers to the real world, in its social, political or historical aspects. The realistic dimension of the crime story makes it a kind of “social document”, which attracts the attention of researchers, including non-literary scholars. Reading crime novels allows them to acquire strictly literary information, but also some knowledge about communities, which leads them to an interpretation of relationships between literature and society. In this paper, the translated crime novel is seen as a special means of enriching the reader’s knowledge of the source culture. The realistic character of the work, which is supposed to fulfil a primarily ludic function, implies a certain tension in the work of the translator, who is led to ask himself: “shall I entertain or shall I entertain and teach”? If realism becomes a constitutive feature of crime fiction, if, as stated by Maryse Petit and Gilles Menegaldo, “under the pretext of attracting a crime novel client, the intention is to give him a history lesson or to make him think about a certain state of society”, the translator may be bound to include in the translation some elements that supplement the “encyclopaedic” knowledge of the target reader. The analysis is based on two novels by Marek Krajewski – his first novel, Death in Breslau (1999), set in the inter-war period, featuring the German policeman Eberhard Mock, and The Minotaur’s Head, published a decade later, which action takes Mock to Lwów in the time when it was a Polish city and makes him befriend a Polish commissioner, Popielski. A comparison of some of their translations (eight for the first book, three for the second) shows differences in the treatment of the historical component of the novels, both in the treatment of selected text elements, as a result of the translator’s project, and in the peritexts, which, however, usually do not depend on the translator, but on the publisher.

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Lorenc, Theo, Mark Petticrew, Margaret Whitehead, David Neary, Stephen Clayton, Kath Wright, Hilary Thomson, Steven Cummins, Amanda Sowden, and Adrian Renton. "Crime, fear of crime and mental health: synthesis of theory and systematic reviews of interventions and qualitative evidence." Public Health Research 2, no. 2 (March 2014): 1–398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/phr02020.

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BackgroundCrime and fear of crime may impact negatively on health and well-being. Interventions to reduce crime and fear of crime, particularly interventions in the physical environment, may be a promising way to improve population-level well-being.Project components(1) Mapping review of theories and pathways; (2) systematic review of effectiveness; (3) systematic review of UK qualitative data; and (4) focus groups and interviews with stakeholders.Methods(1) The mapping review was a pragmatic non-systematic review focusing on theoretical literature and observational quantitative studies and development of a theoretical model of pathways. (2 and 3) The systematic reviews followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidance. In total, 18 databases including EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Science Citation Index were searched from inception to 2010. Studies presenting data on the built environment and the fear of crime were included. Quality assessment was conducted. Data synthesis was conducted narratively for the intervention review, with harvest plots to synthesise data on inequalities, and by thematic analysis for the review of qualitative evidence. (4) Semistructured interviews with nine stakeholders working in community safety and two focus groups with members of the public were conducted to inform the methods of the project and the dissemination of findings. Data were analysed thematically.Results(1) There are complex and often indirect links between crime, fear of crime, environment, and health and well-being at both individual and population levels. Fear of crime is associated with poorer health outcomes. There is considerable debate about the measurement of fear of crime. Both fear of crime and crime are associated with a range of environmental factors. (2) A total of 12,093 references were screened on abstract for the two systematic reviews. Of these, 47 effectiveness studies (22 controlled and 25 uncontrolled) were included in the systematic review of effectiveness, with 36 conducted in the UK, 10 in the USA and one in the Netherlands. There is some evidence that home security improvements and non-crime-related environmental improvements may improve some fear of crime outcomes. There is little evidence that the following reduce fear of crime: street lighting improvements, closed-circuit television, multicomponent environmental crime prevention programmes or regeneration programmes. The evidence on housing improvement is mixed. Very few data on the health and well-being outcomes of crime reduction interventions were located and the study quality overall is poor. (3) A total of 39 studies were included in the systematic review of qualitative data. Several factors in the physical environment are perceived to impact on fear of crime. However, factors in the local social environment appear to be more important as drivers of fear of crime. There is considerable evidence for limitations on physical activity as a result of fear of crime, but less for mental health impacts. (4) Stakeholders see fear of crime as harder to address than crime and as linked to health and well-being. Environmental interventions, such as Secured by Design, are widely used and positively regarded.LimitationsThe review is relatively restricted in its scope and a number of relevant interventions and themes are excluded. The underlying evidence base is of limited quality, particularly for the effectiveness review, and is heterogeneous.ConclusionsBroader social interventions appear more promising than crime-focused environmental interventions as a means of improving fear of crime, health and well-being. The qualitative evidence suggests that fear of crime may impact on physical activity. More broadly, crime and fear of crime appear to be linked to health and well-being mainly as aspects of socioeconomic disadvantage. This review indicates the following gaps in the literature: evaluation research on the health impacts of crime reduction interventions; more robust research on interventions to reduce fear of crime; systematic reviews of non-environmental interventions to reduce fear of crime and systematic reviews of qualitative evidence on other crime-related topics.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme.

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Welsh, Brandon C., and David P. Farrington. "Effects of Closed-Circuit Television on Crime." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 587, no. 1 (May 2003): 110–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716202250802.

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Guzeeva, Olga S. "Selected aspects of social danger of crime theory." Russian Journal of Legal Studies (Moscow) 7, no. 4 (March 14, 2021): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls50009.

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The question of social danger, its criteria and structure, is literally central in the doctrine of crime. There are tens, if not hundreds, of works devoted to this topic. Despite this, social danger still remains one of the most controversial areas of criminal law theory, and an underexamined field of study. The conclusion about the danger of a crime is the result of legislative consideration of many factors, which only provide a basis for criminalization. It should be obvious that each of these components can and should be independently assessed for public danger. Only in their totality can an act and its consequences be integrated into a general conclusion about the danger of a crime bia separate assessments of the danger of an individual. Among these factors, an act as a consciously volitional unlawful behavior of a person plays a special role. The act and its danger are an independent subject of assessment by the legislator and law enforcement body; the assessment of the danger of the act and the assessment of the danger of the crime are different types of assessment practice.

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Minnebo, Jurgen. "The Relation Between Psychological Distress, Television Exposure, and Television-Viewing Motives in Crime Victims." Media Psychology 8, no. 2 (May 1, 2006): 65–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s1532785xmep0802_2.

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Kuzmin, Yury A. "THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF CRIME PREVENTION." Oeconomia et Jus, no. 3 (September 28, 2020): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2499-9636-2020-3-40-47.

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The problem of criminality prevention is being updated. The relevance of issues related to crime prevention as the main factor of criminality prevention in general is substantiated. The essence of criminality prevention is in implementation of the law's educational function. Its mission is not in punishment, but in fostering anti-criminal cogitative-behavioral “in-stincts” of a personality. Criminality prevention should be based on certain universally rec-ognized international and national principles aimed at decriminalizing the identity of poten-tial criminals. Crime theory is a whole system of modern scientific knowledge, forms and methods (historical, socio-political, psychological, medical, legal, economic, etc.). The urgency of the research is caused by the fact that in the conditions of the Russian re-ality criminality is the most serious form of a social disease, in the “treatment” of which there are no universal and final remedies. There are only means to stabilize it, to minimize, to reduce it, etc. It is really utopian to remain on its complete eradication by state-legal means. However, the latter is very relevant for society, the state, the citizen. The problem of criminality prevention is notable for its complex and multifaceted character. Therefore, the state has applied and is now applying all available civilized means of its social and legal control. Effective criminality prevention requires improved law en-forcement activities, namely, focusing on identifying, researching, analyzing the main as-pects of criminality prevention, as well as on characterization and evaluation of the crim-inality prevention system in modern conditions, taking into account domestic and foreign experience. Various methods for prevention of crimes and offenses are analyzed. Criminality preven-tion must be understood as a specific direction in the state activity to affect the causal set of illegal behavior and conditions conducive to it, which results in the reduction, stabilization, quantitative reduction and qualitative mitigation of crime.

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Grabe, Maria Elizabeth. "Tabloid and Traditional Television News Magazine Crime Stories: Crime Lessons and Reaffirmation of Social Class Distinctions." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 73, no. 4 (December 1996): 926–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909607300412.

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In recent times, critics have charged that tabloid news emphasizes and sensationalizes criminal behavior - thereby violating the journalistic ideal of providing objective information to the citizens of a democratic society. Yet, these claims have not been subjected to systematic investigation. This study compares tabloid and traditional broadcast news magazine programs in terms of their emphasis on crime and the content of their crime narratives. Results indicate that tabloid shows are more likely than traditional shows to feature crime stories. Both types of programs give crime stories similar prominence, and the content is relatively similar. However, tabloid shows are more likely than traditional shows to present the criminal as belonging to the middle or upper class. By contrast, traditional shows are more likely to present the criminal as belonging to the working class.

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Minnebo, Jurgen, and Steven Eggermont. "Trauma Recovery in Victims of Crime: The Role of Television Viewing Motives and Television Exposure." Journal of Loss and Trauma 17, no. 1 (January 2012): 73–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2011.595289.

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Akers, Ronald L., and Mark Warr. "Companions in Crime: The Social Aspects of Criminal Conduct." Contemporary Sociology 32, no. 3 (May 2003): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3089208.

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GREEN, GARY S. "GENERAL DETERRENCE AND TELEVISION CABLE CRIME: A FIELD EXPERIMENT IN SOCIAL CONTROL*." Criminology 23, no. 4 (November 1985): 629–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1985.tb00367.x.

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Cheung, Chau-Kiu, and Chi-Fai Chan. "TELEVISION VIEWING AND MEAN WORLD VALUE IN HONG KONG'S ADOLESCENTS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 24, no. 4 (January 1, 1996): 351–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1996.24.4.351.

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Past theory and research have held television responsible for cultivating the viewer's materialism and trivialization of crime, that is, mean world value. The cultivation effect occurs when the viewer watches television intensely and trustfully. It leads to hypotheses that one who watches television longer on a day and watches television serials repeatedly, and/or believes in the reality of television portrayals endorses mean world value to a greater extent. These effects reflect mechanisms of heuristic and peripheral processing. With data collected from 402 high school students in Hong Kong, this study supports the mediating hypotheses concerning perceived reality and its interaction with repeated exposure. These variables and the amount of television viewing on a weekday, exerted relatively strong cultivation effects on the adolescent viewer's mean world value, in terms of materialism and trivialization of moral value. The cultivation effect is attributable to the profusion of violence and consumerism on commercial television in Hong Kong.

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Van Cauwenberg, Jelle, Liesbeth De Donder, Peter Clarys, Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij, Neville Owen, Sarah Dury, Nico De Witte, Tine Buffel, Dominique Verté, and Benedicte Deforche. "Relationships of Individual, Social, and Physical Environmental Factors With Older Adults’ Television Viewing Time." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 22, no. 4 (October 2014): 508–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2013-0015.

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Sedentary behaviors (involving prolonged sitting) can be associated detrimentally with health outcomes. Older adults, the most sedentary age group, are especially at risk due to their high levels of television viewing time. This study examined individual, social, and physical environmental correlates of older adults’ television viewing. Data on daily television viewing time, plus individual, social, and physical environmental factors were collected from 50,986 noninstitutionalized older adults (≥ 65 years) in Flanders (Belgium). The results showed significant relationships between television viewing time and individual, social, and physical environmental factors. Subgroups at risk for high levels of television viewing were those who were functionally limited, less educated, widowed, and (semi)urban-dwelling older adults. Our findings illustrate a cross-sectional link between older adults’ television viewing time and social composition of their neighborhood, formal participation, access to alternative activities, and safety from crime.

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Dowler, Kenneth. "Comparing American and Canadian Local Television Crime Stories: A Content Analysis." Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 46, no. 5 (October 2004): 573–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.46.5.573.

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Heath, Linda, and John Petraitis. "Television Viewing and Fear of Crime: Where Is the Mean World?" Basic and Applied Social Psychology 8, no. 1 (March 1, 1987): 97–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15324834basp0801&2_7.

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Voskolovich, Nina Alexandrovna, and Igor Nikolaevich Molchanov. "Social and Economic Aspects of Forming Film Audience." Journal of Flm Arts and Film Studies 4, no. 4 (December 15, 2012): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vgik44109-118.

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The article reveals the interplay of the economic, physical and social factors determining Russian movie audience. Social changes and the corresponding process of forming consumptive preferences regarding films, television and internet as three competing spheres, require the commercial stimulation of the audience’s activity which includes artistic promotion.

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Olaghere, Ajima, and Cynthia Lum. "Classifying “Micro” Routine Activities of Street-level Drug Transactions." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 55, no. 4 (March 27, 2018): 466–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427818760103.

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Objectives: Routine activities theory attempts to link the intersection of individuals’ everyday routine activities to crime events at particular places. This study examines crime events not just as the product of intersecting macroroutine activities but also microroutines (similar to crime “scripts”) that occur immediately before, during, and after a crime event occurs. Method: Closed-circuit television (CCTV) footage was accessed through Baltimore City Police Department from 2010 to 2011. Ethnographic techniques and systematic social observation of CCTV footage were used to categorize the microroutines of 74 street-level illicit drug transactions. Results: The findings illuminate eight microroutines of drug crime events that classify behaviors associated with illicit drug activity. Conclusions: This study advances our understanding of the link between routine activities and drug crime by examining how illicit transactions unfold from microroutines using a rarely employed, but fruitful source of data (CCTV footage).

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Entman, Robert M. "Blacks in the News: Television, Modern Racism and Cultural Change." Journalism Quarterly 69, no. 2 (June 1992): 341–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909206900209.

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Local news may be one vehicle through which television helps, inadvertently, both to preserve and to transform cultural values. Content analysis on the evening news on four Chicago television stations over a lengthy period suggests local television responds to viewing tastes of black audiences. However, data on these Chicago television news programs suggest racism still may be indirectly encouraged by normal crime and political coverage that depict blacks, in crime, as more physically threatening and, in politics, as more demanding than comparable white activists or leaders. Ironically, widespread employment of black television journalists suggests to viewers that racial discrimination is no longer a significant social problem. The mix of these two views of blacks encourages modern white racism—hostility, rejection and denial toward black aspirations—the study argues.

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Rock, Paul. "Aspects of the Social Construction of Crime Victims in Australia." Victims & Offenders 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2006): 289–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15564880600767397.

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Awais, Muhammad, Sohail Abbas, Farahat Ali, and Ali Ashraf. "Media Exposure and Fear About Crime: An Application of Mediated Fear Model." Journal of Social Sciences Research, no. 67 (July 30, 2020): 720–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.67.720.726.

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Social behavior can be troubled by the constant concern of crime. Research on the relationship between traditional media crime exposure, social media crime videos, and fear about the crime is scarce. The present study is designed to investigate whether social media exposure, TV news crime viewing, crime drama exposure is directly or indirectly associated to fear about crime. The theoretical framework of the study is based on the mediated fear model and cultivation theory. A sample of 371 university students was selected through a convenience sampling technique. SPSS 25 was used to analyze the data and Model 4 of Process Macro was used to examine the mediating role of the cognitive component of fear of crime (perceived seriousness, perceived risk, and perceived control). The results show that television news crime viewing, crime drama, and social media crime video exposure is positively associated with fear about crime. Moreover, three cognitive components of fear of crime played a mediatory role between traditional media exposure and fear of crime. In addition to this, the relationship between social media crime video exposure and fear about crime was mediated by the cognitive component of fear of crime.

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Machin, David, and Andrea Mayr. "Personalising crime and crime-fighting in factual television: an analysis of social actors and transitivity in language and images." Critical Discourse Studies 10, no. 4 (November 2013): 356–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2013.813771.

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Shuster, Martin. "Television antiheroines: women behaving badly in crime and prison drama." Journal of Gender Studies 28, no. 1 (November 21, 2018): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2018.1546232.

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Nasir Khan and Prof. Ghulam Shabir. "Impact of Crime Shows on Behavior of Television Viewers in Pakistan: A Survey Study of Lahore City." sjesr 3, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol3-iss3-2020(35-41).

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The current study investigates the impacts of television crime shows on the attitude of viewers. The researcher employed a quantitative approach and the survey method is used to collect the data. A structured questionnaire with close-ended research items was circulated among 100 respondents chosen through stratified sampling in Lahore because Lahore is the capital city with a heterogamous population. The respondents were university students below the age of 25 years. The findings of the study revealed that people feel fearful, vulnerable, and insecure after watching crime shows. These shows increase overthinking and aggression among the viewers. This study depicts that crime shows play a pivotal role to develop criminality in society. These crime shows tend to develop criminal minds to fulfil their needs through illegitimate means. The social construction of criminality is more prevalent than the representation of safety and security in these crime shows. The Cultivation Theory is applied to investigate the influence of television crime shows on heavy viewers as well as light viewers.

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Sytsma, Victoria A., Nathan Connealy, and Eric L. Piza. "Environmental Predictors of a Drug Offender Crime Script: A Systematic Social Observation of Google Street View Images and CCTV Footage." Crime & Delinquency 67, no. 1 (May 19, 2020): 27–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128720910961.

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The extent to which environmental context has been considered when developing crime scripts has been limited to descriptions of the locations offenders visit during the crime. This research contributes a description of the environmental characteristics of an open-air drug market and identifies environmental facilitators and inhibitors toward offender actions during a drug-selling crime script. Closed-circuit television (CCTV) camera footage is combined with Google Street View images to determine whether physical disorder, decay, and “crime generators” characterize the drug market under study. There is little evidence to suggest that the former two dimensions influence the crime sequence; however, crime generators such as retail facilities and bars and liquor stores are environmental facilitators toward a drug-selling crime script; and transit locations, corner stores, and public parks are environmental inhibitors toward the script.

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Yessenbekova, U., and D. Dospan. "BROADCASTING IN KAZAKHSTAN IN CONDITIONS INFORMATION SOCIETY. LEGAL ASPECTS." BULLETIN Series of Philological Sciences 72, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 652–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-2.1728-7804.105.

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The article discusses the development problems and legal aspects of television broadcasting in Kazakhstan in the information society. The mechanisms of monitoring and forecasting the activities of socially responsible television, its role in the democratic modernization of society are proposed. The authors comprehensively analyzes the legal aspects of broadcasting in the information society, studies the role of television in the new social conditions. In the article, the authors highlight new constructions of modern media relations and forms of content management, which leads to increased civic activism and an increase in the political consciousness of society. And this becomes an effective way to change the social segment and influence on it. The transition of passive audience groups to the position of an active participant in the communication process poses completely new challenges for the state and society. The article contains predictive models of relations between television and political institutions and the principles of the formation of mechanisms for controlling society over the activities of television in the information society.

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Wimshurst, Kerry. "Meaning-making and crime drama: the case of criminology students." Media International Australia 171, no. 1 (September 12, 2018): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x18798703.

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Criminology as a discipline maintains an ambivalent attitude towards mass media. Following from Clifford and White’s call for a more nuanced approach to media criminology, the first section of the article contextualises the present study by outlining the uneasy relationship between mainstream criminology and crime drama. The second section explores themes that arose during research that invited criminal justice students to create an outline for a television crime series that they would enjoy watching themselves. The experience of creating and talking about their crime fictions prompted the participants to reflect on aspects of their own lives in some detail, but relatively little on crime per se. Crime drama, including their own creations, provided the participants with an anchor to talk broadly about subjectivities and identities. The piece concludes with observations on the place of emotional engagement when consumers reflect on crime drama.

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Khan, Aalia Mehar. "Social aspects of Code-Switching: An analysis of Pakistani Television advertisements." Information Management and Business Review 6, no. 6 (December 30, 2014): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v6i6.1125.

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Code switching is the shift from one language to the other or use of more than one language during conversations or writings. The present research deals with intra-sentential (within one sentence) code switching in the language of television advertisements. To facilitate the socio-linguistic analysis, 12 advertisements of beauty and health care products have been recorded and transcribed from four television channels. The linguistic analysis focuses on the social aspect (gender, geographical background, socioeconomic class, and education) of code switched language in these advertisements. From the analysis and findings, it is concluded the language of advertisements for beauty and health care products reflects a change in linguistic practices and preferences of Pakistani consumers.

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Farrall, Stephen. "On the Existential Aspects of Desistance from Crime." Symbolic Interaction 28, no. 3 (August 2005): 367–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/si.2005.28.3.367.

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Fishman, Jessica M. "The populace and the police: Models of social control in reality‐based crime television." Critical Studies in Mass Communication 16, no. 3 (September 1999): 268–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15295039909367096.

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Bass, Lessie. "Book Review: Companions in Crime: The Social Aspects of Criminal Conduct." Criminal Justice Review 30, no. 1 (May 2005): 108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016805275697.

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Lorke, Christoph. "Depictions of Social Dissent in East German Television Detective Series, 1970–1989." Journal of Cold War Studies 19, no. 4 (December 2017): 168–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00768.

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This article discusses the processing of social dissent and its media relevance in East German society in the 1970s and 1980s. The Gegenwartskriminalfilm (contemporary crime movie) Polizeiruf 110 and the courtroom television show Der Staatsanwalt hat das Wort are fruitful film sources for analyzing the specific ways in which social reality and social inequality were constructed and negotiated in the Communist state. Social images as mirror and manifestation of effective public attention to and the perception of social problems shed light on the social symbolic order: They reveal the opposition of “good” and “bad” behavior, with a contrast in their symbolic representations.

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Prokhorova, Elena. "Can the Meeting Place Be Changed? Crime and Identity Discourse in Russian Television Series of the 1990s." Slavic Review 62, no. 3 (2003): 512–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3185804.

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Since the mid-1990s, crime drama has been the leading genre of post-Soviet television. In this article, Elena Prokhorova discusses various genres of recent crime series, both within the historical context and as coherent discourse (specifically, identity discourse). Her analysis draws narrative and ideological parallels between recent Russian productions and Brezhnev-era television mini-series, especially as an attempt to reconceptualize national mythology. The flourishing of popularized “narratives of control”—spy thrillers and police series—in the 1970s signaled both the crisis of Soviet identity and an attempt to give a boost to the waning ideology by mixing popular culture formulas with ideology. Likewise, recent Russian crime dramas use Soviet and prerevolutionary popular culture formulae as a testing ground for new social models. Prokhorova explores the attributes of crime series as artistic texts, such as genre conventions, choice of plots and heroes, visual representation, as well as broader cultural values that underlie those choices.

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Freitag, Sandria B. "Crime in the Social Order of Colonial North India." Modern Asian Studies 25, no. 2 (May 1991): 227–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00010660.

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The necessary vocabulary has not yet been created to encompass both the ‘informing spirit’ and ‘whole social order’ of British India. In part, at least, this is because research has generally concentrated on either British or Indian realms of action, rather than the interaction between them. But British colonial rule shaped a distinctive social system in India, one that drew on both British and indigenous values as well as notions of authority. This essay analyzes aspects of this colonial social order by focusing on its legal system, particularly that portion designed to deal with what the British identified as ‘extraordinary’ crime. Indeed, criminal law may be among the most revealing aspects of a social order. For, as Douglas Hay has observed for a similar elaboration of the English legal structure, ‘criminal law is as much concerned with authority as it is with property … the connections between property, power and authority are close and crucial.’

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Bazić, Jovan. "The Social Aspects of Sport." Physical Education and Sport Through the Centuries 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/spes-2018-0005.

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SummaryIn this paper we evaluated the basic viewpoints on the mutual relations between contemporary sport and society. Sport is a global social phenomenon which is determined by a variety of different processes, including: the fast development of the industrial society and capital, an increase in leisure time, the development of a liberal democracy and the media. A special feature in these relations is the overall globalization process in today’s world. The basic structure of this paper is made up of two functional parts. In the first part we indicate the dominant theoretical-methodological paradigms in studying sport in social sciences, especially sociology: functionalism, conflict theory in society, interpretive and postmodern theory. In the second part of the paper we analyze the dialectics of contemporary relations between sport and society, where special attention is dedicated to the distribution of social power between sport, capital and the media at the local and global level. At the local level especially, there is a pronounced influence of politics on sport, which is realized through various mechanisms of government power, as well as other political subjects. The most solid bonds between sport and society on both levels are maintained by capital and the media, which know no boundaries. Through ownership and mechanisms of financing sports clubs and associations, athletes and athletic events, an entire network of capitalist relations in sport was created. Sport has become one of the most important factors of television programs, the internet and social networks, which has led to an enormous growth in profit and popularity of sport, but also to great changes in the social relations between people.

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Intravia, Jonathan. "Investigating the Influence of Social Media Consumption on Punitive Attitudes Among a Sample of U.S. University Students." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 63, no. 2 (July 17, 2018): 309–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x18786610.

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Prior research suggests that media consumption influences attitudes toward punitiveness. Traditionally, prior efforts have generally examined television news and crime-related programming. However, less is known whether more contemporary forms of media consumption, such as social media, are related to punitive attitudes. Using a multisite sample of more than 900 mostly young adults, the current study examines (a) the relationship between four types of social media consumption (overall, general news, crime-specific content, and punishment-specific content) on penal attitudes and (b) whether these relationships vary based on key characteristics. Results reveal that individuals who consume punishment-specific content on social media are significantly more likely to have stronger attitudes regarding the use of punishment and this relationship varies by fear of crime. Findings and directions for future research are discussed.

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Matijošaitienė, Irina, and Monika Gedvilaite. "Crime in Lithuanian Cities in Relation to Urban Planning and Design Aspects." Architecture and Urban Planning 11, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aup-2016-0004.

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Abstract Crime is a social phenomenon, which is closely related to human behaviour, economics, urban planning and design. The detailed research of six blocks of houses in three Lithuanian cities (Kaunas, Vilnius and Panevezys) with the highest crime rates and the most heterogeneous crimes was performed. Space syntax method, crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) and correlation analysis were applied. Research results demonstrate that thefts from cars, other thefts, crime against human health, robberies, small-scale hooliganism and intentional damage or destruction of property correlate with particular properties of urban spaces and design elements.

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Jung, Jeyong, and Julak Lee. "Contemporary Financial Crime." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 7, no. 2 (June 15, 2017): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v7i2.11219.

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The concept of financial crime changes constantly as social contexts and technical aspects surrounding financial transactions advance. This paper aims at understanding contemporary financial crime with consideration on various factors associated with it. Firstly, financial crime is classified with definition, components, and typology. Secondly, related crime types, extent of financial crime, and its victim are suggested in a way that comprehends the scale of it. Lastly, to better capture the concept of financial crime in relational terms, its facilitating factors and relationships with other crimes are explained. This paper demonstrates that contemporary financial crime develops in a complicating manner as a reflection of its environmental changes.

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Shin, Dong-Hee, and Ounjung Roh. "Social television and locus of control: Interactivity effects on cognition and behavior." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 44, no. 10 (November 10, 2016): 1671–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2016.44.10.1671.

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We examined the effects on users' cognition and behavior of an interface cue for level of interactivity that is presented on secondary screens in a social television environment. Our primary focus was on the social role of television watching, the effects of an interactivity cue on user perception, and user behavior outcomes. In addition, we examined how locus of control, as an individual characteristic, influenced these aspects. Participants (52 undergraduate students in Korea) communicated with other viewers through a secondary device while watching a television show. We found that the presence of an interface cue for interactivity was positively related to users' perceptions, such as sense of presence and sense of community. Additionally, the relationship differed based on personal characteristics. Overall, the effect of an interface cue on social television users' attitude and behavior is mediated by sense of community.

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Arias, Cuauhtémoc Blanco, Greg Haddrick, and Gillian Arnold. "Creating Social Reality: Template or Mirror? An Industry Perspective." Media International Australia 106, no. 1 (February 2003): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0310600108.

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While much has been written by academics about television strip serials and telenovelas, a perspective less frequently discussed is that of these programs' writers and creators. What aspects of social realities do the writers, story editors and script producers of soap operas and telenovelas invest in their writing? This article draws together the views of practitioners from three very different backgrounds. Cuauhtémoc Blanco, a leading Mexican writer of telenovelas, Felicity Packard and Greg Haddrick of Home and Away, and Gillian Arnold of Going Home discuss their understanding of the ways they create social reality on television.

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Wearing, Sadie. "Troubled Men: Ageing, Dementia and Masculinity in Contemporary British Crime Drama." Journal of British Cinema and Television 14, no. 2 (April 2017): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2017.0359.

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Focusing on three recent British film and television crime dramas, Mr Holmes (2015), The Fear (C4, 2012) and the English language version of Wallander (BBC, 2008–16), this article argues that older men in these texts are a site through which contemporary social and cultural anxieties about ageing and dementia are played out in highly gendered ways that link to social and philosophical reflections on power, autonomy and selfhood. The dramas, while very different in affective orientation and tone, nonetheless all produce reflections on the meanings of memory loss within figurations of masculinity in the crime genre which have a broader significance for thinking through the representational dilemmas of dementia.

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Denysov, Serhiy, and Oleksiy Tymchuk. "CRIMINOLOGY AND SYNERGETICS: SOME METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS." Ukrainian polyceistics: theory, legislation, practice 2, no. 2 (2021): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2709-9261-2021-2-2-9-18.

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The article analyzes the methodological aspects of the use of synergetics in criminology. The essence of the synergetic paradigm in natural and social sciences is characterized, the main approaches of scientists regarding the prospects and directions of application of synergetic ideas and concepts for solving key problems of criminology are given. Predominantly synergetics is considered as the science of self-organization and self-organizing systems, the theory of evolution of open-type systems with nonlinear feedbacks. The focus of synergetics is on the processes of selforganization in complex systems. From the use of synergetics in the social sciences (including criminology), its proponents expect significant positive effects in the form of new scientific theories. Over the past 20 years, synergetic ideas have gained significant popularity in Ukrainian criminology, however, until now, it is mainly about posing the problem in general terms, stating the importance / timeliness / prospects of using synergetics to solve traditional criminological issues, for example, the determination of crime, the mechanism of criminal behavior, study of organized crime, crime prevention. In some cases, criminological concepts and problems are artificially “adjusted” to synergistic categories. The views of some scientists on synergetics as the only or universal method, the application of which will allow to solve all traditional criminological issues in a new way, are critically assessed. It is emphasized that there are few concrete examples of the actual application of synergetics in criminological research, allowing us to see its real advantages over other “traditional” methods. At the same time, synergetics has prospects, since over time, as other social sciences (primarily sociology) develop, provided that synergetic ideas are effectively used in them, this method will be able to find its application in the field of criminology.

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Dowler, Kenneth. "Sex, lies, and videotape: The presentation of sex crime in local television news." Journal of Criminal Justice 34, no. 4 (July 2006): 383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2006.05.004.

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Deshen, Shlomo, and Hilda Deshen. "On Social Aspects of the Usage of Guide-Dogs and Long-Canes." Sociological Review 37, no. 1 (February 1989): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1989.tb00022.x.

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The paper argues that discredit pertains not only to individuals, but also to the implements of aid that discredited persons use to overcome their situation. Focusing on the mobility aids of blind people, the paper demonstrates that as a consequence of the diffusion of discredit, the users of guide-dogs and long-canes mould their usage practices in particular ways. Namely, according to norms which the users conceive to be unobjectionable to sighted people. Thus cane-users considered the sound that their canes emitted to be embarassing, and tried to avoid causing it. Also guide-dog usage was inhibited as a result of traditional Middle-Eastern attitudes towards dogs. In concluding, the ambiguity of blind people toward their mobility aids is juxtaposed with their accepting attitude toward television sets in their homes. The latter are conceived by blind people as a natural element of the material culture of the sighted environment. Consequently, even blind people for whom television sets are manifestly unsuited introduce them into their lives. This leads to the conclusion that material artifacts are conceptualized in society generally, according to practices that are attuned to the dominant social stratum. The data are drawn from observations made in the course of ethnographic field-work in a population of blind people in Israel.

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Mordovin, Pavel Sergeevich. "Definition and classification of crime for calculation of its social consequences (cost)." Юридические исследования, no. 12 (December 2020): 44–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7136.2020.12.34836.

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The scientific community still does not have uniformity with regards to the definition of crime, although this concept is crucial in criminology, without which the existence and development of this science is impossible. Crime is a multifaceted phenomenon; thus, its examination within the framework of a single science does not reflect all of the aspects. The author examines various existing approaches towards the definition of crime; analyzes the concepts of natural criminal and the counter-theories. The question of the immanence of crime is explored. However, it does not seem possible to determine the only reasonable viewpoint and deny the rational kernel of other approaches. The analysis of the existing concepts and approaches towards definition of crime once again demonstrates the controversy of the question. Therefore, the analysis of opinions allows concluding on the need for classification crime, including via specific understanding of this concept. Such classification sufficiently reflects the extent of current public awareness of the criminal law, while retaining semantic load from the perspective of criminology. It also prompts the development of research on the social consequences (cost) of crime, since namely this approach seems logical for calculation of the social consequences (cost) of crime.

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BAKER, R. G., and R. I. DAMPER. "Educational aspects of television subtitling in deaf education†." Behaviour & Information Technology 5, no. 3 (July 1986): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01449298608914516.

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Romm, Tsilia. "Role conflict in the portrayal of female heroes of television crime dramas: A theoretical conceptualization." Interchange 17, no. 1 (March 1986): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01811016.

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Heath, Linda, Candace Kruttschnitt, and David Ward. "Television and Violent Criminal Behavior: Beyond the Bobo Doll." Violence and Victims 1, no. 3 (January 1986): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.1.3.177.

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This study builds on the research concerning television viewing and aggression by extending the external validity, or generalizability, of the dependent variable. We assess the relationship between self-reported television viewing at 8, 10, and 12 years of age and the subsequent commission of a violent criminal act. This study is based on interview data from 48 males incarcerated for violent crimes and 45 nonincarcerated, nonviolent males matched on age, race, and neighborhood of residence during adolescence. Results show that the extent of a respondent’s reported television viewing was not, in and of itself, predictive of violent criminal acts. Instead, it was the interaction of heavy doses of television viewing and exposure to either maternal or paternal abuse that related to violent crime. These findings support the efforts of some recent scholars in their attempts to understand why television has a negative effect on only some viewers. The results are discussed in light of the cognitive formulations of neoassociationism, encoding specificity, and the double-dose effect.

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Antoci, Angelo, Alessandro Fiori Maccioni, Pier Luigi Sacco, and Mauro Sodini. "Self-protection, Psychological Externalities, and the Social Dynamics of Fear." Journal of Conflict Resolution 61, no. 2 (July 11, 2016): 349–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002715596771.

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We examine the social dynamics of crime by means of evolutionary game theory, and we model the choice of boundedly rational potential victims to privately self-protect against prospective offenders. Negative externalities from self-protection, as the socially transmitted fear of victimization, can influence the strategic choices of victims even with constant or declining crime rates, and this circumstance may lead to Pareto inefficient equilibria with excessive expenses for private protection. Providing higher levels of public security (or of appropriate social care) financed through discriminatory taxation of private defensive behaviors can prevent crime and reduce superfluous self-protection, thus driving the social dynamics toward a more efficient equilibrium. Public policy can therefore be effective in implementing the social optimum. This article extends previous work by Cressman, Morrison, and Wen by increasing the range of possible dynamics and the scope for public intervention. Consequently, in our model, public policy can deter crime and improve the welfare of victims by addressing the intangible aspects of crime, that is, the social dynamics of fear.

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Myutel, Maria. "Commercial Television in Indonesia." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 175, no. 2-3 (July 12, 2019): 155–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-17502017.

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Abstract This article sheds light on previously unknown aspects of Indonesian private television by focusing on the role of the ethno-religious minority of Indonesian Sindhi in the establishment and development of commercial soap opera production. Part of the global trading community of Sindhayat, the local Sindhis have mobilized their translocal and transnational networks to take a dominant position in the emerging sector of national media. Grounded in long-term ethnographic fieldwork among media practitioners and Indonesian Sindhi community members, the article examines how Sindhis’ sense of community and shared desires and sentiments have resulted in a lack of variety of television formats and the introduction of Islam-themed soap operas to prime-time television.

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KOILYBAYEV, Medet T., and Zhanat R. DILBARKHANOVA. "On the Specifics of Studying Organized Crime at the Present Stage." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 9, no. 3 (June 15, 2020): 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jarle.v11.3(49).24.

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This article studies the key aspects of combating organized crime at the present stage. Based on the analysis conducted, the authors describe organized crime as a complex, criminally legal and social phenomenon. They provide their understanding of organized crime, its causes and conditions, as well as indicate possible social consequences. Within the context of the article, the authors prove the difficulty of counteracting the phenomenon and emphasize its social danger since it undermines the foundations for the well-being of the Kazakh society. The scale and growth rate of organized crime in recent decades has turned it into one of the main factors hindering the country's economic and social development, causing civil mistrust in the law enforcement system and government bodies at all levels; therefore, citizens of Kazakhstan are anxious about their life and well-being. The article provides suggestions on studying modern organized crime based on both the international and Kazakh experience. From the perspective of general science, this article conducts studies in the field of criminology and criminal law and contributes to the methodological enrichment of the phenomenon of organized crime in theoretical and practical aspects. This approach helps better understand this phenomenon, determine its typical features and develop and apply countermeasures. At the same time, the authors do not claim a monopoly of absolute truth but rather attempt to study organized crime from a new perspective, which allows dwelling on the essence of this social phenomenon.

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Ливадная, Юлия, and Yuliya Livadnaya. "Some Aspects of Correlation between Definitions of Constitutional Delict and Crimе." Journal of Russian Law 4, no. 8 (August 8, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/20908.

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The present article deals with the qualification of the offences problem in case of specific legal norms of constitutional and criminal law conjunction along with the place of constitutional delicts in contemporary system of offences. Having analyzed the situations relating to constitutional provisions in other civilized countries the author has identified common indicia for definition of constitutional delict and crime (social danger, wrongfulness, culpability and punishability). It is concluded that there is an established interrelation of these law violations conditioned that crime could be the cornerstone of constitutional delict. Author propose the criteria for separation of these definitions by reference to social danger level of above named offences together with special status of constitutional delict actor and fixed sequence of constitutional and criminal incurrence of liability for such person. In view of fact that constitutional delict presents the highest level of social danger as compared with crimes and other types of offences, the author suggests to adopt the approach according to which the structure of contemporary system of offences that covers constitutional delicts as a hierarchical subsystem should be based with regard to underlying constitutional delict (crime, administrative offence, disciplinary case or civil tort); crimes with regard to broad understanding of their wrongfulness and minor offences (or other types of offences).

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Journal articles on the topic 'Social aspects of Crime on television'

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