Academic literature on the topic 'Social aspects of Discoveries in geography'
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Journal articles on the topic "Social aspects of Discoveries in geography"
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Iwamura, Kazuo. "Fukasawa Symbiotic Housing Complex - A Model Social Housing Project, Tokyo, Japan Rebuilding for a Sustainable Future." Open House International 30, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2005-b0010.
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This rebuilding of a social housing complex in Tokyo was carried out as the first model practice of Japan's national policy drive entitled “Environmentally Symbiotic Housing”. Inaugurated in 1990, this policy was designed to cope with a range of environmental issues including global warming. As well as including various measures of environmentally conscious design, the project design team made efforts to focus on discovering the local context, including the lifestyle of the residents and the socio-cultural aspects of the local community. There has been sustained involvement of the residents in all stages of the design, construction and on-going management and maintenance of their homes.
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Bagnoli, Franco, Ada Baldi, Ugo Bardi, Marina Clauser, Anna Lenzi, Simone Orlandini, and Giovanna Pacini. "Urban Gardening in Florence and Prato: How a Science Shop Project Proposed by Citizens Has Grown into a Multi-Disciplinary Research Subject." Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 6 (November 29, 2018): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v11n6p111.
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Urban gardening mainly means growing edible vegetables in a town. This practice has been traditionally used for economic reasons (subsistence agriculture), but now it has also acquired educational, nutraceutical, therapeutic and social relevance. The educational aspect of urban gardening has been the subject of a proposal for the newly born Science Shop in Florence (Italy). In the spirit of action-research, in our project we first decided to involve all (or many) potentially interested people. This has brought into light the galaxy of different aspects related to urban gardening and allowed the establishing of promising research lines. We discovered that this is a multi-disciplinary subject that touches themes dealing with agriculture, botany, psychology, chemistry, city planning and politics. We examine here the various aspects of urban gardening in the towns of Florence and Prato, two very different urban environments despite their proximity.
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Rothman, Sheila M. "Seek and Hide: Public Health Departments and Persons with Tuberculosis, 1890–1940." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 21, no. 3-4 (1993): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1993.tb01253.x.
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In 1882 Koch discovered the tubercle bacillus and transformed both the medical and the social history of tuberculosis and the experiences of those who contracted it. For the first time, the absence or presence of the bacillus made it possible to define, in Koch’s terms, “the boundaries of the diseases to be understood as tuberculosis.” And for the first time the sick became subject to oversight and discrimination.Prior to Koch’s discovery, tuberculosis, or as it was then called, consumption, was considered a hereditary and non-contagious disease, albeit a very deadly and persistent one. Over the first half of the nineteenth century, it was responsible for one out of every five deaths. It crossed all boundaries of geography, social class, age, and sex affecting residents in rural as well as urban areas, the prosperous as well as the poor, the young even more notably than the old, females more often than males. Physicians assumed a familial predisposition existed (as in the case of insanity); following the precepts of humoral medicine, they postulated that the disease originated in “irritations” whose sources were to be found in the interaction of an inherited constitution with a particular lifestyle and environment.
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Chettiparamb, Angelique. "Responding to a complex world: Explorations in spatial planning." Planning Theory 18, no. 4 (January 1, 2019): 429–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473095218820554.
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This article discusses three aspects in relation to Complexity Theory. First, from an understanding of time and space specificities in the rise of theories, it discusses the wider socio-political reasons that may account for the rise of complexity theory and its interest for planners today. The rise of the third sector in governance, the decentralisation of the nation state, the rise of informality, the exponential rise of information and knowledge in every sphere of human and non-human activity and the rise of new normative ideologies are argued to provide the social context for interest in complexity theory. Second, this article positions complexity theory within general social science theories and argues that complexity theory best suits the second-order realm of social science theorisation. Third, this article positions complexity theory within planning theory and suggests that complexity theorists within planning might engage with the theory in three ways. These are by suggesting new ways of ordering of society and space by configuring or re-configuring planning systems in the first order, unravelling new opportunities for actors to work in society and space with largely self-organised entities and finally by searching for and discovering new dynamics for systems in the first order in society and space.
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Benkerroum, Noreddine. "Retrospective and Prospective Look at Aflatoxin Research and Development from a Practical Standpoint." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 19 (September 27, 2019): 3633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193633.
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Among the array of structurally and toxicologically diverse mycotoxins, aflatoxins have attracted the most interest of scientific research due to their high toxicity and incidence in foods and feeds. Despite the undeniable progress made in various aspects related to aflatoxins, the ultimate goal consisting of reducing the associated public health risks worldwide is far from being reached due to multiplicity of social, political, economic, geographic, climatic, and development factors. However, a reasonable degree of health protection is attained in industrialized countries owing to their scientific, administrative, and financial capacities allowing them to use high-tech agricultural management systems. Less fortunate situations exist in equatorial and sub-equatorial developing countries mainly practicing traditional agriculture managed by smallholders for subsistence, and where the climate is suitable for mould growth and aflatoxin production. This situation worsens due to climatic change producing conditions increasingly suitable for aflatoxigenic mould growth and toxin production. Accordingly, it is difficult to harmonize the regulatory standards of aflatoxins worldwide, which prevents agri-foods of developing countries from accessing the markets of industrialized countries. To tackle the multi-faceted aflatoxin problem, actions should be taken collectively by the international community involving scientific research, technological and social development, environment protection, awareness promotion, etc. International cooperation should foster technology transfer and exchange of pertinent technical information. This review presents the main historical discoveries leading to our present knowledge on aflatoxins and the challenges that should be addressed presently and in the future at various levels to ensure higher health protection for everybody. In short, it aims to elucidate where we come from and where we should go in terms of aflatoxin research/development.
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Xu, Y., Nina Lam, and Kam-Biu Liu. "Assessing Resilience and Sustainability of the Mississippi River Delta as a Coupled Natural-Human System." Water 10, no. 10 (September 24, 2018): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101317.
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This book contains 14 articles selected from a special issue on the assessment of resilience and sustainability of the Mississippi River Delta as a coupled natural-human system. This effort is supported in part by a U. S. National Science Foundation grant. The goal of this book is to present some of the recent advances in research and research methodologies, major discoveries, and new understanding of the Mississippi River Delta, which represents one of the most challenging cases in finding the pathways for coastal resilience and sustainability because of the complexity of environmental and socioeconomic interactions. The articles are contributed by 39 researchers and they studied the deltaic system from five aspects including 1) riverine processes and sediment availability, 2) sediment deposition and land creation, 3) wetland loss, saltwater intrusion, and subsidence, 4) community resilience and planning, and 5) review and synthesis. As editors, by reviewing and putting these papers together, we have realized a major challenge in conducting an interdisciplinary assessment of resilience: How to identify a “Common Threshold” from different scientific disciplines for a highly nature-human intertwined river delta system? For instance, the threshold for sustaining a river delta in the view of physical sciences is different from that of social sciences. Such a common threshold would be a radical change and/or a collapse of a coupled natural-human delta system if nothing can be or will be done. Identifying the common threshold would help guide assessment and evaluation of the resilience of a CNH system as well as the feasibility and willingness of protecting the system’s resilience. We hope this book will be a first step toward inspiring researchers from different disciplines to work closely together to solve real problems in sustaining precious river delta ecosystems across the globe.
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Souza, Ana Augusta Almeida, Marlon Fernandes Rodrigues Alves, Nayele Macini, Luciana Oranges Cezarino, and Lara Bartocci Liboni. "Resilience for sustainability as an eco-capability." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 9, no. 5 (October 2, 2017): 581–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-09-2016-0144.
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Purpose This paper aims to identify the dynamic capabilities that foster organizational resilience towards sustainability. Design/methodology/approach The study is a qualitative multi-case study with Brazilian manufacturers of different industries that provides an in-depth exploration of underlying dimensions towards resilience for sustainability. Findings The results indicate that to develop organizational resilience towards sustainability, both in theory and in practical terms, the actions required are long-term plans, regular meetings, benchmarking, communication between areas and distinct hierarchies, partnerships and eco-efficient actions. Regarding human aspects, the leader’s behaviour and shared culture are the means to encourage, educate and exemplify sustainability for all in the organization. Research limitations/implications The study has limitations in the form of a small sample size. The implications indicate a relationship between resilience and dynamic capability for sustainability. In other words, resilience develops organizational, human and technological capabilities for sustainability. Such results can improve the organizational strategy construction methods towards sustainability development. Practical implications The study has two practical implications for companies to continue working for sustainability. The first practical implication is the need to work the processes that are aimed at the exchange of information both internally and externally to the organization. It has been seen in managers’ speeches that creating ways to listen to employee suggestions could make important resource-saving discoveries and release waste. Another important source of information for improvement of operations is to listen to civil associations and industry and non-governmental organizations, as well as participate in events, lectures and discussion forums. The second practical implication is the need to work with the human side of the organization; sustainability needs to be a part of the worker’s daily life, and it needs to become common to them of the need to reflect on how to improve sustainability of processes for which they are responsible. To achieve this goal, companies need to work the pillar of cohesion resilience, emphasizing the behaviour of leaders (role models) and organizational culture. Social implications The comparative case analysis shows some practices that are able to induce good environment and provide social and organizational benefits, namely, long-term plans, regular meetings, benchmarking, communication between areas and distinct hierarchies, partnerships, eco-efficient actions, behaviour of leaders and shared culture among members of the organization. These practices are the means to encourage, educate and exemplify sustainability for all in the organization. Originality/value The originality of this paper is to bring together two streams of the literature, namely, resilience and dynamic capabilities, in the context of sustainability. Drawing on this approach, the study provides a new conceptual model with empirical evidence of key aspects of resilience for sustainability as an eco-capability.
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Petrulis, Vaidas. "ARCHITEKTŪROS POLITIKOS APRAIŠKOS LIETUVOS TARPUKARIO (1918–1940 M.) PERIODIKOJE: TARP REPREZENTACIJOS IR SOCIALINIO TEISINGUMO." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 33, no. 2 (June 30, 2009): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921630.2009.33.126-134.
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The paper concentrates on architectural discourse of the interwar period (1918–1940) of Lithuania. The main objective of the paper is to represent the history of the Lithuanian architectural thought of the period through analysis of the interwar press. Due to a wide scope of the problem the paper is devoted to one of the major problems of architectural theory – relation of policy/power and space. Following publications in the press, a few dominant aspects of the problem were distinquished: representation of the state (as an exemplar element of global political ideology), and issues of social housing (as illustration of local, towards practical decisions oriented policy). It is discovered that the dominant theoretical position concerning the matters of spatial representation is discussions on “national style”. While the socio-political discourse of Modern Movement mainly concentrates on discussions about “social housing colonies”. Santrauka Straipsnis skirtas Lietuvos tarpukario laikotarpio (1918–1940) teorinio diskurso analizei. Tekste, remiantis periodikoje publikuotais straipsniais, skirtais architektūros temoms, siekiama pažvelgti į šio periodo architektūrinės minties palikimą. Dėmesio objektu pasirinkta viena iš svarbesnių architektūrinio diskurso temų – architektūros ir politikos sąsajos. Išskiriami keli to meto spaudoje dominavę architektūros ir politikos sąveikos aspektai: valstybės erdvinės reprezentacijos problematika (kaip globalios, ideologinės politikos apraiška) bei socialinio būsto problematika (kaip lokalios, į tiesioginius sprendimus orientuotos politikos apraiška). Nustatyta, kad reprezentacinėje plotmėje dominuojanti teorinė pozicija – „tautinio stiliaus“ paieškos. Socialinei, politizuotai modernizmo teorijai būdingi aspektai daugiausiai reiškėsi menkiau teoretizuotose diskusijose apie „pigių būstų kolonijų“ kūrimą.
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Zheng, Guang-Wen, Abu Bakkar Siddik, Mohammad Masukujjaman, and Nazneen Fatema. "Factors Affecting the Sustainability Performance of Financial Institutions in Bangladesh: The Role of Green Finance." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 10, 2021): 10165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810165.
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Despite the increasing popularity of green finance and sustainable investment in the field of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), very few studies have investigated the effect of green finance dimensions on the sustainable performance of banks. Therefore, this study attempts to examine the dimensions of green finance and their effects on the sustainability performance of financial institutions in developing economies such as Bangladesh. The study also depicts the level of green financing adoption among the banks and non-bank financial institutions in the country between 2015 and 2020. Considering the nature of the dataset, the structural equation modeling technique was employed in this study to fulfil the research objectives. Amongst banks and non-bank financial institutions, the study highlighted private commercial banks as being the highest contributor to green financing, accounting for 78.12% of the total green financing in Bangladesh. In addition, the empirical findings revealed that the dimensions of green finance are related to the economic, social, and environmental aspects of the SDGs. Furthermore, empirical findings indicated that the dimensions of green finance—social, economic, and environmental—have a strong positive effect on the sustainability performance of banks. The study also discovered that approximately 95% of bankers identify green financing as an essential element in the short- and long-term development of banking strategies in Bangladesh. Consequently, this study adds to the body of knowledge on green finance development and the sustainability performance of banks and financial institutions in emerging economies such as Bangladesh. Therefore, major managerial policy implications are discussed.
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Machado, Cláudia, Nicolas de Salles Hue, Fernando Berssaneti, and José Quintanilha. "An Overview of Shared Mobility." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 22, 2018): 4342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124342.
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In a wider understanding, shared mobility can be defined as trip alternatives that aim to maximize the utilization of the mobility resources that a society can pragmatically afford, disconnecting their usage from ownership. Then, shared mobility is the short-term access to shared vehicles according to the user’s needs and convenience. The contributions and added value of this paper are to provide an up-to-date and well-structured review on the area of shared mobility to researchers and practitioners of the transport sector. Hence, this paper presents a bibliographical review of shared mobility and its diverse modalities, as an alternative to individual transportation, especially in cases of individual automobiles or short trips restricted to an urban city. The present literature review on shared modes of transportation has discovered that the introduction of these modes alone will not solve transportation problems in large cities, with elevated and growing motorization rates. However, it can among the strategies employed to help alleviate the problems caused by traffic jams and pollution by reducing the number of vehicles in circulation, congestions, and the urban emission of polluting gases. Thus, the implementation of shared mobility schemes offers the potential to enhance the efficiency, competitiveness, social equity, and quality of life in cities. This paper covers the fundamental aspects of vehicle and/or ride sharing in urban centers, and provides an overview of current shared mobility systems.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Social aspects of Discoveries in geography"
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Jones, Daniel Thomas. "Aspects of the social geography of early-modern Norwich : applications of computer techniques." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405672.
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The study looks at the social topography of early-modem Norwich, at that time the largest and richest of English provincial cities. The relationship between its physical setting, administrative organisation and social structure is examined, and the situation in Norwich is compared with that of its peers. In addition to traditional methods of enquiry, computer-based techniques are used in order to provide nominal record linkages and graphical displays. It is also argued that the more sophisticated analyses made possible by the use of the computer provides new insights. A topography of wealth and power is derived from information concerning the mayors, and taxation. An alternative, but not entirely complementary, topography of poverty is found in the Poor Law records. Baptismal and burial records show spatial variations in both normal mortality, and during periods of plague and smallpox. Further evidence of the complexity of this society, and the multiplicity of its topographies, is derived from considering aspects of religious dissent, politics and crime. Limitations in parish-based materials are contrasted with findings based on Landgable Assessments, an example of property-based data. It is suggested that further work on abutments would be a valuable extension of the present work. Existing theories of social topography are examined, but offer little help in explaining the reality that was early-modem Norwich. A plea is made for the recognition of the value of examining this type of society for its own sake rather than simply as a precursor to industrial cities. Norwich is shown to be a member of a distinct group of the most important English provincial cities. A theoretical description of their nature is attempted, with the suggestion that, as a leading member of this group, the study of Norwich topography may be relevant to understanding the nature of the other members of the group.
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Badenhorst, Cécile Marie. "The geography of sport as a cultural process : a case study of lacrosse." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28575.
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Over the past two decades, the geography of sport has become a rapidly expanding body of literature. Although a potentially dynamic field of research, there are at present several theoretical weaknesses. First, enquiry has focused on diffusion patterns to the exclusion of the processes that create these patterns. Second, sports scholars in the discipline tend to participate in an isolated discourse with few connections to the broader scope of geography or with the expansive non-geographical sports literature.
One key focus of debate outside the discipline centres on the role of the city in the modernisation of sporting activities. 'Modernisation' theory is valuable for
establishing the intricate links between sport, as a process, and the social fabric. Despite this advantage, critics have argued that these links are analytically weak and the relationship between cities and sport should be more broadly theorised. In an attempt to provide a broader theoretical basis for analyzing sport as a cultural process, as well as a means of overcoming the failings of modernisation theory, Raymond Williams' 'cultural materialism' is examined. Williams Identifies three cultural elements in society, which constantly interact through the process of hegemonic control: the dominant, residual and emergent cultures. The case-study of lacrosse, examined through the lens of 'cultural materialism', illustrates the interaction between these three elements of culture. Among the residual North American Native cultures, lacrosse was one of the most widespread of outdoor games. Shrouded in religious symbolism and ritual, lacrosse was closely tied to economic provision and group protection. Escalating contact with European culture and the Imposition of foreign values and ideas resulted in the modification and eventual transformation of lacrosse. Increasingly, the ritual assumed a purely recreational function. During the early nineteenth century, Europeans began organising lacrosse as a 'modern' sport. The early clubs remained socially- exclusive and membership was strictly reserved for the social elite. Submerged in a legacy of British values, this dominant cultural element also left an Impression on the sport.
As the dominant British cultural Influence waned, an emerging Canadian culture became a decisive factor in the history of lacrosse. Further modifications to the game were made as spectators and gate-receipts became increasingly important. Changing values and attitudes led lacrosse on a path towards professionalism. Despite the widespread acceptance of 'play for gain', the dominant amateur ideal prevailed. Lacrosse remained nationally amateur and
suffered a serious decline after the first few decades of the twentieth century. The Interplay between the dominant British, the residual Native and emerging Canadian cultures, presents a view of the struggle for hegemony over control of a cultural process. This study's primary conclusion is that Williams' theory of 'cultural materialism' is a powerful interpretive framework for the geography of sport. It overcomes the theoretical weaknesses of geographical sports research as well as addressing the problems of the modernisation theory. In addition, 'cultural materialism' provides an invaluable interpretation of the concept of hegemony. Williams' theory places sport firmly in the context of particular social, economic and cultural heritages. It leads geographers away from a narrow concern with pattern to a fuller exploration of process.Arts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate
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Sandow, Erika. "On the road : Social aspects of commuting long distances to work." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-43674.
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With its point of departure of increasing numbers of people being engaged in commuting, the aim of this thesis is to reveal prerequisites for and consequences of long-distance commuting in Sweden for the individual and his or her partner. Special attention has been given to prerequisites for long-distance commuting in sparsely populated areas, and to social consequences related to long-distance commuting in terms of gender differences in commuting patterns, earnings and separation. The thesis is based on four empirical studies, presented in different papers. Two studies draw on individual longitudinal register data on all Swedish long-distance commuters living with a partner. The other two focus on commuting behaviour in sparsely populated areas, one based on individual register data and the other on a survey. Long-distance commuting (>30 kilometres) has become an increasingly common mobility strategy among Swedish workers and their households. Results from the thesis show that 11 percent of Swedish workers are long-distance commuters and about half of them live in a relationship. Among these couples many are families with children, indicating the importance of social ties in households’ decisions on where to work and live. Most long-distance commuters are men, and it is also likely that long-distance commuters have a high education level and are employed in the private sector. For the majority, long-distance commuting gives higher earnings; however, men benefit economically more than women do. As long-distance commuting reduces available family time, the non-commuting spouse often takes on a larger share of household commitments. The thesis shows that men’s long-distance commuting may therefore serve to reproduce and reinforce traditional gender roles on the labour market and within households. On the other hand, women’s long-distance commuting can lead to more equalitarian relationships on the labour market and within households. For the majority of couples it seems as if long-distance commuting becomes more than a temporary mobility strategy, while for some couples it does not work out very well. Separation rates are found to be higher among long-distance commuters compared to other couples; especially the first years of commuting seem to be the most challenging. It is suggested that coping strategies are important to make the consequences of long-distance commuting easier to handle and adjust to in the daily life puzzle. For those unable to handle these consequences, long-distance commuting is not a sustainable mobility strategy and can even end a relationship. The extent of long-distance commuting is low in sparsely populated areas, and those who do long-distance commute are mainly men. Most people work and live within the same locality and do not accept longer commuting times than do those in densely populated areas. In this thesis it is argued that facilitating car commuting in the more sparsely populated areas of Sweden can be more economically and socially sustainable, for the individual commuters as well as for society, than encouraging commuting by public transportation.
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Gritt, Andrew Jonathan. "Aspects of agrarian change in south-west Lancashire, c.1650-1850." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2000. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/19663/.
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This thesis examines agricultural and agrarian developments 1650-1850 in a region - south-west Lancashire - that was increasingly dominated by industry and large urban centres. The thesis is firmly located within two distinct historiographical traditions: 'agrarian capitalism' and 'agricultural revolution'. The debates encompassed by these concepts have been largely conducted around the development of arable agriculture. Large parts of the north and west of England have been peripheral to these debates and the models of agrarian development were not constructed with counties like Lancashire in mind. This thesis, therefore, offers a geographical corrective to the existing literature. Not surprisingly, the models are found wanting, and patterns of agrarian and agricultural developments in Lancashire follow a different path to arable counties in the English Midlands and East Anglia. Yet, agriculture in Lancashire did not stagnate and farmers and landlords were enclosing and improving land from at least the middle of the seventeenth century in a bid to increase productivity. However, change was much more pronounced from the last third of the eighteenth century, when population growth, industrial expansion, increasing market demand for food and the development of the transport infrastructure offered new opportunities to farmers. They responded in a way which suited the local economic and social setting. In terms of farm size, labour structure and land use, the farmers of south-west Lancashire fell outside contemporary (and subsequent) perceptions of best practice. Lancashire developed a highly specialised and productive agricultural system that was not predicated upon conventional agrarian capitalism and avoided many of the negative outcomes of the processes of agricultural revolution.
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Mysak, Mark. "The Environmental is Political: Exploring the Geography of Environmental Justice." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30497/.
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The dissertation is a philosophical approach to politicizing place and space, or environments broadly construed, that is motivated by three questions. How can geography be employed to analyze the spatialities of environmental justice? How do spatial concepts inform understandings of environmentalism? And, how can geography help overcome social/political philosophy's redistribution-recognition debate in a way that accounts for the multiscalar dimensions of environmental justice? Accordingly, the dissertation's objective is threefold. First, I develop a critical geography framework that explores the spatialities of environmental injustices as they pertain to economic marginalization across spaces of inequitable distribution, cultural subordination in places of misrecognition, and political exclusion from public places of deliberation and policy. Place and space are relationally constituted by intricate networks of social relations, cultural practices, socioecological flows, and political-economic processes, and I contend that urban and natural environments are best represented as "places-in-space." Second, I argue that spatial frameworks and environmental discourses interlock because conceptualizations of place and space affect how environments are perceived, serve as framing devices to identify environmental issues, and entail different solutions to problems. In the midst of demonstrating how the racialization of place upholds inequitable distributions of pollution burdens, I introduce notions of "social location" and "white privilege" to account for the conflicting agendas of the mainstream environmental movement and the environmental justice movement, and consequent accusations of discriminatory environmentalism. Third, I outline a bivalent environmental justice theory that deals with the spatialities of environmental injustices. The theory synergizes distributive justice and the politics of social equality with recognition justice and the politics of identity and difference, therefore connecting cultural issues to a broader materialist analysis concerned with economic issues that extend across space. In doing so, I provide a justice framework that assesses critically the particularities of place and concurrently identifies commonalities to diverse social struggles, thus spatializing the geography of place-based political praxis.
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Gerbasi, Gina Terese. "The Hidden Value of Farmers Markets: A Case Study of the Economic, Social, and Cultural Aspects of the Athens Farmers Market in Athens, Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1391599685.
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Littaye, Alexandra. "Finding time in the geographies of food : how heritage food discourses shape notions of place." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:259a4358-2b71-4d55-940d-9e7664f2d95d.
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This thesis presents a multi-sited and multi-scalar ethnography of the processes and practices through which producers attempt to designate food as heritage. Grounded in cultural geography, it adopts a cultural economy approach to addressing concerns within agro-food studies by joining in conversation notions of heritage, place-making and time. By underlining the intrinsic relation between articulations of time and constructions of place, this thesis further maps the alternative geographies of food. It engages with three overarching questions, drawing on research conducted within two heritage-based food initiatives in Mexico and Scotland, both linked to the Slow Food movement. These produce, respectively, a traditional sweet called pinole and 'real' bread. The thesis asks: what objectives are pursued through the heritagisation of food whereby various actors strategically coin foods as heritage? How is time articulated in the discourse of heritage food, and how do heritage food networks and producers understand time as a component of food quality? Finally, what senses of place emerge from the various uses of time as a quality in global, translocal and local heritage food discourses? This thesis explores Slow Food's heritage qualification scheme and the ensuing commodification of heritage food, as well as translocal networks, and practices of 'slow' production. Through empirical engagements it argues that the qualification of heritage foods is multifunctional and that various articulations of time enable small-scale producers to engage with a plethora of socio-economic and political issues. Numerous and at times conflicting constructions of place surface from the discourses woven around these two heritage products and problematise identity formation and narratives of the past linked to producers and communities. This thesis concludes that the constructions of place associated with heritage foods depend not only upon the authority and circumstances of actors articulating a heritage discourse, but also on the scale of the dissemination of that discourse, and on the notions and understandings of time associated with heritage and place.
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Fouksman, Elizaveta. "Civil society knowledge networks : a geography of ideas in development." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d2971536-8ba0-4642-9403-6c2e0bb288fb.
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Information technology, media, financial flows and consumer culture have long been acknowledged as transnational connective forces that spread ideas and values around the globe. This work proposes an alternative mechanism for such spread: development-focused civil society organizations. This thesis argues that such organizations constitute a backbone of connections that link a diversity of development actors and local communities into a network with global scope. While individual nodes in these civil society networks may not possess global reach, the network as a whole facilitates the far flung transfer of knowledge and ideas. This work focuses on the ways that knowledge is generated, transferred and renegotiated on both the global, national and local scale through such networks of development institutions. How are global discourses formed, adapted and spread via civil society into local communities? How do local communities interact with, change, implement or ignore the values, knowledge and rhetoric of global movements? How are communities shaped by these discourses and what role do they have in informing the discourses themselves? The project constructs two case studies of such 'knowledge networks' - two international foundations, their partner NGOs in the developing world (Kyrgyzstan and Kenya), and the local communities where the NGOs support ecologically-focused initiatives. The case studies demonstrate the complex and uneven ways in which knowledge and values are shared - and contested - within the networks. Ideas are transformed, adapted or ignored between different nodes, and yet the network retains enough common discourse and shared knowledge to function as a whole. Despite power imbalances, local actors remain agents, not subjects, in these networks and produce knowledge that is prized by other organizations and individuals in the networks. Civil society knowledge networks thus sculpt the content and application of knowledge across global movements, development-focused civil society organizations and local communities in the developing world.
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Giles, Andrew. "Exploring the Social, Environmental and Economic Aspects of Trail Surfacing Decisions." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/964.
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Visitor activities in parks often have a heavy impact on the soil, vegetation, water and wildlife. In front country areas, the most extreme damage is concentrated on and adjacent to recreational trails. Aside from controlling the numbers, activities and behaviours of trail users, managers may choose to make trails more resistant to impact through surfacing. Unfortunately, surfacing may have negative influences on park visitors' enjoyment of trails by limiting access or detracting from the primitive setting. In addition, some surfaces may be ineffective in certain environmental conditions such as wet ground or steep slopes. Finally, the wide variety in construction and maintenance costs may make some surface types economically unfeasible.
The goals of this research are to investigate the role of trail surfacing in the management of impacts from outdoor recreation; to develop better understanding of the social, economic and environmental aspects of trail surfacing decisions; and to explore a comprehensive framework for incorporating these three factors in trail management. It is hoped that this research can assist park managers in selecting surfacing options to reduce visitor impact without excessively compromising recreational experience or organizational limitations, such as financial resources.
In addition to a comprehensive review of literature on visitor impact management on trails and surfacing techniques, this research employs three methods to further investigate the social, environmental and economic aspects of trail surfacing: a trail user survey, manager survey and trail condition assessment. The trail user survey was conducted at two well-used natural areas in southwestern Ontario, Canada: Presqu'ile Provincial Park and Belfountain Conservation Area. Surveys at each area explored trail users' perceptions and preferences of trail surfacing techniques in late summer 1999. The managers' survey provided insight into organizational approaches to surfacing, including construction cost and observations on recreational or environmental effectiveness. Finally, the trail condition assessment explored an approach to determining environmental effectiveness of trail surfacing techniques, but was limited by the physical and recreational variation between trails.
Seven recommendations for trail managers are presented, tying in several conceptual frameworks of visitor impact management and trail surfacing decisions developed in the thesis. First, trail managers are recommended to develop a full understanding of trail design principles and alternative visitor impact management techniques. If surfacing is selected as the best impact management technique, trail managers should obtain as much information on user characteristics, environmental conditions and organizational limitations as possible. Despite the benefits and drawbacks for all surfaces, road base gravel (or angular screenings with fines) merits special attention as an excellent surface, while asphalt and concrete are not recommended for front country, semi-primitive recreation. Finally, trail managers are encouraged to share information on surfacing more freely and open surfacing decision processes to affected trail users.
Overall, trail managers are provided with an approach to surfacing decisions that considers the social, environmental and economic aspects of trail surfacing, with the goal of working toward more enjoyable, environmentally responsible and cost-effective trail solutions.
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Mackintosh, Phillip Gordon. "Imagination and the modern city, reform and the urban geography of Toronto, 1890-1929." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ59532.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Social aspects of Discoveries in geography"
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Magalhães, Joaquim Antero Romero. Portugueses no mundo do Século XVI: Espaços e produtos. Lisboa: Comissão Nacional para as Comemorações dos Descobrimentos Portugueses, 1998.
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American iconographic: National Geographic, global culture, and the visual imagination. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2010.
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Old worlds, new worlds: European cultural encounters, c.1000-c.1750. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2009.
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Geddes, John. Aspects of social geography: Change and development. London: Edward Arnold, 1987.
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John, Geddes. Aspects of social geography: Change and development. London: Edward Arnold, 1987.
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International Congress on the Great Maritime Discoveries and World Health (1st 1990 Lisbon, Portugal). The great maritime discoveries and world health: Proceedings of the First International Congress on the Great Maritime Discoveries and World Health held in Lisbon on 10-13 September, 1990. Lisbon: Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, 1991.
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Oxlade, Chris. Scientific discoveries that changed the world. London: Franklin Watts, 2009.
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Greenblatt, Stephen. Marvelous possessions: The wonder of the New World. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991.
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Greenblatt, Stephen. Marvelous possessions: The wonder of the New World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Social aspects of Discoveries in geography"
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Stogiannos, Alexandros. "Social/Cultural Aspects as Factors of Power Contributors in Fr. Ratzel’s State Analysis and the Issue of Racism." In Historical Geography and Geosciences, 69–122. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98035-5_4.
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"Aspects of social geography." In The Human Geography of East Central Europe, 80–134. Routledge, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203431580-11.
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Bambra, Clare, Kayleigh Garthwaite, and Amy Greer Murphy. "Geopolitical aspects of health: austerity and health inequalities." In Social Determinantsof Health. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447336846.003.0020.
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This chapter examines the effects of austerity on geographical health inequalities by focusing on the North–South health divide in England and health inequalities between local neighbourhoods. It first explains the importance of geography for health by presenting the two case studies involving the North–South divide and local inequalities. It then considers the austerity and welfare reforms that have been introduced in England since 2010 and how these policies are affecting these spatial health divides. It also reviews evidence from previous international research into welfare retrenchment, as well as qualitative data about the lived experiences of people at the sharp end of austerity. The chapter concludes by highlighting the uneven consequences of austerity measures for health across localities and across different sociodemographic groups, thus exacerbating existing health inequalities.
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Ingber, Lester. "Revisiting Our Quantum World." In Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology, 96–111. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6772-2.ch006.
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We now know that quantum mechanics has been a fundamental structure of our world since the universe came into being. However, it has been only a century since the experimental and theoretical discoveries of quantum mechanics were made. We are becoming increasingly aware of its many implications and applications. In particular, there are implications across many disciplines that most likely will affect education, health, and security. Examples are given of the need to start education as early as possible in schools, the use of nano-robots to deliver drugs targeted to specific molecular sites, and to developing new cryptographic systems to safeguard our privacy.
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Gesler, Wil. "Medical Geography." In Geography in America at the Dawn of the 21st Century. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233923.003.0043.
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Medical geographers employ geographical concepts and techniques to study issues related to disease and health. In its early stages of development as a distinct geographic subdiscipline, from the 1950s and into the 1980s, medical geography focused on disease ecology and health-care delivery as topics and spatial analysis as technique. These three areas have maintained their importance and research productivity within them has increased over the last decade. At the same time, since the 1980s, medical geography has evolved into new areas of concern. Both those who continue to call themselves medical geographers and those who do not identify closely with the subdiscipline have moved toward a geography of health that is less concerned with disease and the medical world and more with well-being and social models of health and health care (Rosenberg 1998). Health geography is characterized by an emphasis on place and place meaning, grounding in socio-cultural theory, and a critical perspective on health issues (Kearns and Moon 2000). The evolution of medical geography led to lively debates in the mid-1990s (Kearns 1993; Mayer and Meade 1994; Litva and Eyles 1995; Philo 1996) that have been put into historical perspective by Del Casino and Dorn (1998). By the end of the 1990s, the dichotomy between old and new medical geographers constructed during the debate was giving way to complementarity and synthesis. As examples, disease ecology was opened out to include political economic concerns (Mayer 1996) and multi-level modeling combined aspects of spatial analysis with a focus on place (Duncan et al. 1996; Verheij 1999). The structure of this chapter results from a decision made by the Medical Geography Specialty Group (MGSG) to base its contribution to this volume on papers presented at two special sessions on “Retrospect and Prospect” during the 1998 Association of American Geographers meetings in Boston. The six presenters were Michael Greenberg on disease ecology, Ellen Cromley on health services, Gerard Rushton on spatial analysis, Susan Elliott on women’s health, Jennifer Wolch on mental health, and Joseph Scarpaci on the developing world.
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Goetz, Andrew R., and Bruce A. Ralston. "Transportation Geography." In Geography in America at the Dawn of the 21st Century. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233923.003.0026.
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Transportation geography is the study of the spatial aspects of transportation. It includes the location, structure, environment, and development of networks as well as the analysis and explanation of the interaction or movement of goods and people (Black 1989). In addition it encompasses the role and impacts—both spatial and aspatial—of transport in a broad sense including facilities, institutions, policies and operations in domestic and international contexts. It also provides an explicitly spatial perspective, or point of view, within the interdisciplinary study of transportation. There has been substantial progress in the development of the transportation geography subfield over the last ten years. In 1993, the Journal of Transport Geography was started in the UK, providing the subfield with its own eponymous journal. Several second editions of key textbooks were published, including The Geography of Transportation (Taaffe et al. 1996), The Geography of Urban Transportation (Hanson 1995), and Modern Transport Geography (Hoyle and Knowles 1998). The Transportation Geography Specialty Group (TGSG) instituted the Edward L. Ullman Award for scholarly contributions to the subfield; recipients have included Edward Taaffe, Harold Mayer, Howard Gauthier, William Garrison, William Black, James Vance, Susan Hanson, Morton O’Kelly, Bruce Ralston, Donald Janelle, Thomas Leinbach, Brian Slack, and Kingsley Haynes. The specialty group also began honoring students who have written the best doctoral dissertations and masters theses each year, and a TGSG web page was created. The University of Washington Department of Geography instituted the Douglas K. Fleming lecture series in transportation geography at AAG annual meetings. Finally, transport geographers have played prominent roles in a Geography and Regional Science Program organized joint National Science Foundation/European Science Foundation initiative on Social Change and Sustainable Transport (SCAST) (Leinbach and Smith 1997; Button and Nijkamp 1997). This initiative led to the development of the North American-based Sustainable Transportation Analysis and Research (STAR) network led by geographer William Black as a counterpart to the European-based Sustainable Transport in Europe and Links and Liaisons with America (STELLA) network. Together, these initiatives and research networks offer significant opportunities for geographers to contribute to a growing body of literature on the environmental, economic, and equity implications of transportation systems.
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Aitken, Stuart, and Don Mitchell. "Urban Geography." In Geography in America at the Dawn of the 21st Century. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233923.003.0027.
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The study of urbanization processes and urban spaces is contentious and problematic. Different disciplines focus on different processes and ways of knowing, and urban life—its contexts and problems—is tugged and twisted in so many directions that it is difficult to know the appropriate questions to ask, let alone to articulate future research directions. Mayors and other city leaders are concerned about civic boosterism and the quality of life in their cities, planners try to manage competing claims on space and movement, and environmentalists grapple with degradation and equity, while economists conjure up more appropriate models of development and growth. The urban arena is a context for competing intellectual claims and traditions that at times converge on consensus but more often than not garner dissent. We forefront our appraisal of the subfield with a contention that guides most of what is to follow. The contention is important because it necessarily limits the kinds of research we talk about. We argue that with the emergence of a more sophisticated articulation of spatial theory in the last decade, geographers are now well positioned to say something important about the urban issues that are shaping the new millennium. This sea change occurred in the 1990s and now places many aspects of geographic research at the forefront of urban analysis. The articulation of spatial theory comes in large part from two sources: first, critical geography with its focus on the spatial construction of social life and, second, from emerging ideas about technology and space. It is not our intention to dismiss the importance of empirical and interpretative studies, which are discussed tangentially in relation to the central theoretical themes of the chapter. In this review, however, we emphasize the articulation of spatial theory as a significant development in urban geography as we enter the twenty-first century. We begin in the first main section by picking up where “The Urban Problematic” left off in Geography in America (1989). We describe the ways in which American geography is rising to the challenge of understanding the tremendous changes that are underway in cities and argue that the work of urban geographers focusing on the roles of space and scale is critical to understanding these changes.
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Davidson, D. Kirk, and Juelin Yin. "Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in China." In Corporate Social Responsibility, 28–48. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6192-7.ch002.
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Despite a growing recognition of national contexts in predicting the dynamics of corporate social responsibility (CSR), the limited prior research has failed to disaggregate national institutions to specify the mechanisms between aspects of national institutional contexts and elements of CSR practices. In this paper we offer a framework for analyzing the nature and status of CSR, which is made up of eight elements: history, religions/ideologies, social norms, geography, political structures, the level of economic development, civil society institutions, and the country's “safety net” provisions. We apply the framework to explain how and why China's understanding of CSR differs from that in Western countries.
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Scott, Allen J. "Geography and the Division of Labour." In Geography and Economy. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199284306.003.0005.
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The concept of the division of labour in production has a long genealogy stretching back to the seventeenth century and before, and it recurs repeatedly in the writings of economists and other social theorists down to the present time. In economics, the concept plays a major role in studies of industrial organization, productivity, and trade. In sociology, it has been of major significance as the linchpin of the distinction Wrst proposed by Durkheim (1893) between mechanical and organic solidarity in society. More recently, sociologists have also made considerable use of the concept in studies of the ways in which the division of labour is intertwined with phenomena like race, class, and gender (e.g. Mies 1998; Waldinger and Bozorgmehr 1996). Over the last couple of decades, geographers, too, have made numerous forays into questions of the division of labour and much research has been accomplished on how it ramifies with various kinds of spatial and locational outcomes (Massey 1984; Sayer and Walker 1992). In brief, the concept is of much importance in a wide range of investigations of social structure and dynamics, and it appears to be enjoying something of a renaissance at the present time as social scientists discover or rediscover how profoundly it ramifies with all aspects of modern life. For geographers, the division of labour has special interest and meaning because, in its role as a mechanism of economic and social differentiation, it is also a fundamental factor in moulding the economic landscape. A peasant society with only weakly developed divisions of labour is not likely to evince much in the way of spatial differentiation except as a function of dissimilarities from place to place in agricultural potentials (themselves related to such variables as soil, climate, and topography). By contrast, economically advanced societies with deep and wide divisions of labour, as in the case of the United States today, exhibit enormous degrees of spatial variation. With the passage of time, moreover, less and less of this variation seems to bear any relationship whatever to underlying conditions of physical geography.
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Davidson, D. Kirk, and Juelin Yin. "Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in China." In Comparative Perspectives on Global Corporate Social Responsibility, 28–48. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0720-8.ch002.
Full textAbstract:
Despite a growing recognition of national contexts in predicting the dynamics of corporate social responsibility (CSR), the limited prior research has failed to disaggregate national institutions to specify the mechanisms between aspects of national institutional contexts and elements of CSR practices. In this paper we offer a framework for analyzing the nature and status of CSR, which is made up of eight elements: history, religions/ideologies, social norms, geography, political structures, the level of economic development, civil society institutions, and the country's “safety net” provisions. We apply the framework to explain how and why China's understanding of CSR differs from that in Western countries.
Conference papers on the topic "Social aspects of Discoveries in geography"
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Chagas, Felipe, Paulo R. Ribeiro, and Otto L. A. Santos. "Well Control Simulation With Non-Aqueous Drilling Fluids." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96736.
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Abstract The demand for energy has increased recently worldwide, requiring new oilfield discoveries in order to supply this need. Following this demand increase, challenges grow in all areas of the petroleum industry especially those related drilling operations. Due to hard operational conditions found when drilling complex scenarios such as high pressure/high temperature zones, deep and ultradeep waters and other challenging ones, the use non-aqueous drilling fluids became a must. The reason for that is because this kind of drilling fluid is capable to tolerate these extreme drilling conditions found in those scenarios. However, it can experience changes in its properties as results of pressure and temperature variations, requiring special attention during some drilling operations, such as the well control. The well control is a critical issue since it involves safety, social, economic and environmental aspects. To support well control operations and preserve the well integrity, well control simulators are very useful to verify operational parameters and to assist drilling engineers in the decision making process during well control operations and kick situations. Well control simulators are also important computational tools for rig personnel training. This work presents well control research and development contributions, as well as the results of a computational well control simulator that applies the Driller’s Method and allows the understanding the thermodynamic behavior of synthetic drilling fluids, such as n-paraffin and ester base fluids. The simulator employed mathematical correlations for the drilling fluids PVT properties obtained from experimental data.The simulator results were compared to a test well data set, as well to published results from other kick simulators.
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Como, Alessandra, Luisa Smeragliuolo Perrotta, and Carlo Vece. "Agro-Urban Landscape: the case study of Monteruscello-Naples." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6288.
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If the morphology and the studies on the urban form are closely related to the social aspects and are responsibility of architects and policy makers, the issue becomes even more complicated if we're talking about cities with a high number of buildings under public ownership or urban fragments with important dimensions. In Italy there is a very rare case of recent foundation that is the neighborhood Monteruscello in the city of Pozzuoli. Built in the 80s to face the bradisism events that had made uninhabitable other city areas, Monteruscello today, for its dimension, can be considered a "city in the city" where the 90% of the buildings are under public ownership. The neighborhood's project is designed by Agostino Renna who had built Monteruscello through analogical composition with fragments of spatial references of other places and cities. The architect has put in the neighborhood - mainly made up of rural areas - its urban model adapting it to the specific geography of places. During the years the neighborhood has never built an own identity becoming one of the most degraded areas of the city. The paper deals with the issue of urban form and morphology today starting from the study of Monteruscello - as imagined by its creator through the critical issues that underlie its design - and through an experimental design of a new agro-urban landscape for the neighborhood that involves three hectares of public green spaces - now abandoned - turning them into agricultural lands to urban use and growth resource. References Renna, A. (ed.) (1980) L’illusione e i cristalli : immagini di architettura per una terra di provincia (Clear, Roma) Giglia, A. (1997) Crisi e ricostruzione di uno spazio urbano : dopo il bradisismo a Pozzuoli : una ricerca antropologica su Monteruscello (Guerini, Milano) Capozzi, R. (ed.) (2016) Agostino Renna : la forma della città (Clean, Napoli) Pagano, L. (ed) (2012) Agostino Renna : rimontaggio di un pensiero sulla conoscenza dell’architettura : antologia di scritti e progetti 1964-1988 (Clean, Napoli)