Dissertations / Theses: 'Social aspects of Discoveries in geography'

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Jones, Daniel Thomas. "Aspects of the social geography of early-modern Norwich : applications of computer techniques." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405672.

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The study looks at the social topography of early-modem Norwich, at that time the largest and richest of English provincial cities. The relationship between its physical setting, administrative organisation and social structure is examined, and the situation in Norwich is compared with that of its peers. In addition to traditional methods of enquiry, computer-based techniques are used in order to provide nominal record linkages and graphical displays. It is also argued that the more sophisticated analyses made possible by the use of the computer provides new insights. A topography of wealth and power is derived from information concerning the mayors, and taxation. An alternative, but not entirely complementary, topography of poverty is found in the Poor Law records. Baptismal and burial records show spatial variations in both normal mortality, and during periods of plague and smallpox. Further evidence of the complexity of this society, and the multiplicity of its topographies, is derived from considering aspects of religious dissent, politics and crime. Limitations in parish-based materials are contrasted with findings based on Landgable Assessments, an example of property-based data. It is suggested that further work on abutments would be a valuable extension of the present work. Existing theories of social topography are examined, but offer little help in explaining the reality that was early-modem Norwich. A plea is made for the recognition of the value of examining this type of society for its own sake rather than simply as a precursor to industrial cities. Norwich is shown to be a member of a distinct group of the most important English provincial cities. A theoretical description of their nature is attempted, with the suggestion that, as a leading member of this group, the study of Norwich topography may be relevant to understanding the nature of the other members of the group.

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Badenhorst, Cécile Marie. "The geography of sport as a cultural process : a case study of lacrosse." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28575.

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Over the past two decades, the geography of sport has become a rapidly expanding body of literature. Although a potentially dynamic field of research, there are at present several theoretical weaknesses. First, enquiry has focused on diffusion patterns to the exclusion of the processes that create these patterns. Second, sports scholars in the discipline tend to participate in an isolated discourse with few connections to the broader scope of geography or with the expansive non-geographical sports literature. One key focus of debate outside the discipline centres on the role of the city in the modernisation of sporting activities. 'Modernisation' theory is valuable for establishing the intricate links between sport, as a process, and the social fabric. Despite this advantage, critics have argued that these links are analytically weak and the relationship between cities and sport should be more broadly theorised. In an attempt to provide a broader theoretical basis for analyzing sport as a cultural process, as well as a means of overcoming the failings of modernisation theory, Raymond Williams' 'cultural materialism' is examined. Williams Identifies three cultural elements in society, which constantly interact through the process of hegemonic control: the dominant, residual and emergent cultures. The case-study of lacrosse, examined through the lens of 'cultural materialism', illustrates the interaction between these three elements of culture. Among the residual North American Native cultures, lacrosse was one of the most widespread of outdoor games. Shrouded in religious symbolism and ritual, lacrosse was closely tied to economic provision and group protection. Escalating contact with European culture and the Imposition of foreign values and ideas resulted in the modification and eventual transformation of lacrosse. Increasingly, the ritual assumed a purely recreational function. During the early nineteenth century, Europeans began organising lacrosse as a 'modern' sport. The early clubs remained socially- exclusive and membership was strictly reserved for the social elite. Submerged in a legacy of British values, this dominant cultural element also left an Impression on the sport. As the dominant British cultural Influence waned, an emerging Canadian culture became a decisive factor in the history of lacrosse. Further modifications to the game were made as spectators and gate-receipts became increasingly important. Changing values and attitudes led lacrosse on a path towards professionalism. Despite the widespread acceptance of 'play for gain', the dominant amateur ideal prevailed. Lacrosse remained nationally amateur and suffered a serious decline after the first few decades of the twentieth century. The Interplay between the dominant British, the residual Native and emerging Canadian cultures, presents a view of the struggle for hegemony over control of a cultural process. This study's primary conclusion is that Williams' theory of 'cultural materialism' is a powerful interpretive framework for the geography of sport. It overcomes the theoretical weaknesses of geographical sports research as well as addressing the problems of the modernisation theory. In addition, 'cultural materialism' provides an invaluable interpretation of the concept of hegemony. Williams' theory places sport firmly in the context of particular social, economic and cultural heritages. It leads geographers away from a narrow concern with pattern to a fuller exploration of process.
Arts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate

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Sandow, Erika. "On the road : Social aspects of commuting long distances to work." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-43674.

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With its point of departure of increasing numbers of people being engaged in commuting, the aim of this thesis is to reveal prerequisites for and consequences of long-distance commuting in Sweden for the individual and his or her partner. Special attention has been given to prerequisites for long-distance commuting in sparsely populated areas, and to social consequences related to long-distance commuting in terms of gender differences in commuting patterns, earnings and separation. The thesis is based on four empirical studies, presented in different papers. Two studies draw on individual longitudinal register data on all Swedish long-distance commuters living with a partner. The other two focus on commuting behaviour in sparsely populated areas, one based on individual register data and the other on a survey. Long-distance commuting (>30 kilometres) has become an increasingly common mobility strategy among Swedish workers and their households. Results from the thesis show that 11 percent of Swedish workers are long-distance commuters and about half of them live in a relationship. Among these couples many are families with children, indicating the importance of social ties in households’ decisions on where to work and live. Most long-distance commuters are men, and it is also likely that long-distance commuters have a high education level and are employed in the private sector. For the majority, long-distance commuting gives higher earnings; however, men benefit economically more than women do. As long-distance commuting reduces available family time, the non-commuting spouse often takes on a larger share of household commitments. The thesis shows that men’s long-distance commuting may therefore serve to reproduce and reinforce traditional gender roles on the labour market and within households. On the other hand, women’s long-distance commuting can lead to more equalitarian relationships on the labour market and within households. For the majority of couples it seems as if long-distance commuting becomes more than a temporary mobility strategy, while for some couples it does not work out very well. Separation rates are found to be higher among long-distance commuters compared to other couples; especially the first years of commuting seem to be the most challenging. It is suggested that coping strategies are important to make the consequences of long-distance commuting easier to handle and adjust to in the daily life puzzle. For those unable to handle these consequences, long-distance commuting is not a sustainable mobility strategy and can even end a relationship. The extent of long-distance commuting is low in sparsely populated areas, and those who do long-distance commute are mainly men. Most people work and live within the same locality and do not accept longer commuting times than do those in densely populated areas. In this thesis it is argued that facilitating car commuting in the more sparsely populated areas of Sweden can be more economically and socially sustainable, for the individual commuters as well as for society, than encouraging commuting by public transportation.

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Gritt, Andrew Jonathan. "Aspects of agrarian change in south-west Lancashire, c.1650-1850." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2000. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/19663/.

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This thesis examines agricultural and agrarian developments 1650-1850 in a region - south-west Lancashire - that was increasingly dominated by industry and large urban centres. The thesis is firmly located within two distinct historiographical traditions: 'agrarian capitalism' and 'agricultural revolution'. The debates encompassed by these concepts have been largely conducted around the development of arable agriculture. Large parts of the north and west of England have been peripheral to these debates and the models of agrarian development were not constructed with counties like Lancashire in mind. This thesis, therefore, offers a geographical corrective to the existing literature. Not surprisingly, the models are found wanting, and patterns of agrarian and agricultural developments in Lancashire follow a different path to arable counties in the English Midlands and East Anglia. Yet, agriculture in Lancashire did not stagnate and farmers and landlords were enclosing and improving land from at least the middle of the seventeenth century in a bid to increase productivity. However, change was much more pronounced from the last third of the eighteenth century, when population growth, industrial expansion, increasing market demand for food and the development of the transport infrastructure offered new opportunities to farmers. They responded in a way which suited the local economic and social setting. In terms of farm size, labour structure and land use, the farmers of south-west Lancashire fell outside contemporary (and subsequent) perceptions of best practice. Lancashire developed a highly specialised and productive agricultural system that was not predicated upon conventional agrarian capitalism and avoided many of the negative outcomes of the processes of agricultural revolution.

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Mysak, Mark. "The Environmental is Political: Exploring the Geography of Environmental Justice." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30497/.

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The dissertation is a philosophical approach to politicizing place and space, or environments broadly construed, that is motivated by three questions. How can geography be employed to analyze the spatialities of environmental justice? How do spatial concepts inform understandings of environmentalism? And, how can geography help overcome social/political philosophy's redistribution-recognition debate in a way that accounts for the multiscalar dimensions of environmental justice? Accordingly, the dissertation's objective is threefold. First, I develop a critical geography framework that explores the spatialities of environmental injustices as they pertain to economic marginalization across spaces of inequitable distribution, cultural subordination in places of misrecognition, and political exclusion from public places of deliberation and policy. Place and space are relationally constituted by intricate networks of social relations, cultural practices, socioecological flows, and political-economic processes, and I contend that urban and natural environments are best represented as "places-in-space." Second, I argue that spatial frameworks and environmental discourses interlock because conceptualizations of place and space affect how environments are perceived, serve as framing devices to identify environmental issues, and entail different solutions to problems. In the midst of demonstrating how the racialization of place upholds inequitable distributions of pollution burdens, I introduce notions of "social location" and "white privilege" to account for the conflicting agendas of the mainstream environmental movement and the environmental justice movement, and consequent accusations of discriminatory environmentalism. Third, I outline a bivalent environmental justice theory that deals with the spatialities of environmental injustices. The theory synergizes distributive justice and the politics of social equality with recognition justice and the politics of identity and difference, therefore connecting cultural issues to a broader materialist analysis concerned with economic issues that extend across space. In doing so, I provide a justice framework that assesses critically the particularities of place and concurrently identifies commonalities to diverse social struggles, thus spatializing the geography of place-based political praxis.

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Gerbasi, Gina Terese. "The Hidden Value of Farmers Markets: A Case Study of the Economic, Social, and Cultural Aspects of the Athens Farmers Market in Athens, Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1391599685.

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Littaye, Alexandra. "Finding time in the geographies of food : how heritage food discourses shape notions of place." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:259a4358-2b71-4d55-940d-9e7664f2d95d.

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This thesis presents a multi-sited and multi-scalar ethnography of the processes and practices through which producers attempt to designate food as heritage. Grounded in cultural geography, it adopts a cultural economy approach to addressing concerns within agro-food studies by joining in conversation notions of heritage, place-making and time. By underlining the intrinsic relation between articulations of time and constructions of place, this thesis further maps the alternative geographies of food. It engages with three overarching questions, drawing on research conducted within two heritage-based food initiatives in Mexico and Scotland, both linked to the Slow Food movement. These produce, respectively, a traditional sweet called pinole and 'real' bread. The thesis asks: what objectives are pursued through the heritagisation of food whereby various actors strategically coin foods as heritage? How is time articulated in the discourse of heritage food, and how do heritage food networks and producers understand time as a component of food quality? Finally, what senses of place emerge from the various uses of time as a quality in global, translocal and local heritage food discourses? This thesis explores Slow Food's heritage qualification scheme and the ensuing commodification of heritage food, as well as translocal networks, and practices of 'slow' production. Through empirical engagements it argues that the qualification of heritage foods is multifunctional and that various articulations of time enable small-scale producers to engage with a plethora of socio-economic and political issues. Numerous and at times conflicting constructions of place surface from the discourses woven around these two heritage products and problematise identity formation and narratives of the past linked to producers and communities. This thesis concludes that the constructions of place associated with heritage foods depend not only upon the authority and circumstances of actors articulating a heritage discourse, but also on the scale of the dissemination of that discourse, and on the notions and understandings of time associated with heritage and place.

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Fouksman, Elizaveta. "Civil society knowledge networks : a geography of ideas in development." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d2971536-8ba0-4642-9403-6c2e0bb288fb.

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Information technology, media, financial flows and consumer culture have long been acknowledged as transnational connective forces that spread ideas and values around the globe. This work proposes an alternative mechanism for such spread: development-focused civil society organizations. This thesis argues that such organizations constitute a backbone of connections that link a diversity of development actors and local communities into a network with global scope. While individual nodes in these civil society networks may not possess global reach, the network as a whole facilitates the far flung transfer of knowledge and ideas. This work focuses on the ways that knowledge is generated, transferred and renegotiated on both the global, national and local scale through such networks of development institutions. How are global discourses formed, adapted and spread via civil society into local communities? How do local communities interact with, change, implement or ignore the values, knowledge and rhetoric of global movements? How are communities shaped by these discourses and what role do they have in informing the discourses themselves? The project constructs two case studies of such 'knowledge networks' - two international foundations, their partner NGOs in the developing world (Kyrgyzstan and Kenya), and the local communities where the NGOs support ecologically-focused initiatives. The case studies demonstrate the complex and uneven ways in which knowledge and values are shared - and contested - within the networks. Ideas are transformed, adapted or ignored between different nodes, and yet the network retains enough common discourse and shared knowledge to function as a whole. Despite power imbalances, local actors remain agents, not subjects, in these networks and produce knowledge that is prized by other organizations and individuals in the networks. Civil society knowledge networks thus sculpt the content and application of knowledge across global movements, development-focused civil society organizations and local communities in the developing world.

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Giles, Andrew. "Exploring the Social, Environmental and Economic Aspects of Trail Surfacing Decisions." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/964.

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Visitor activities in parks often have a heavy impact on the soil, vegetation, water and wildlife. In front country areas, the most extreme damage is concentrated on and adjacent to recreational trails. Aside from controlling the numbers, activities and behaviours of trail users, managers may choose to make trails more resistant to impact through surfacing. Unfortunately, surfacing may have negative influences on park visitors' enjoyment of trails by limiting access or detracting from the primitive setting. In addition, some surfaces may be ineffective in certain environmental conditions such as wet ground or steep slopes. Finally, the wide variety in construction and maintenance costs may make some surface types economically unfeasible. The goals of this research are to investigate the role of trail surfacing in the management of impacts from outdoor recreation; to develop better understanding of the social, economic and environmental aspects of trail surfacing decisions; and to explore a comprehensive framework for incorporating these three factors in trail management. It is hoped that this research can assist park managers in selecting surfacing options to reduce visitor impact without excessively compromising recreational experience or organizational limitations, such as financial resources. In addition to a comprehensive review of literature on visitor impact management on trails and surfacing techniques, this research employs three methods to further investigate the social, environmental and economic aspects of trail surfacing: a trail user survey, manager survey and trail condition assessment. The trail user survey was conducted at two well-used natural areas in southwestern Ontario, Canada: Presqu'ile Provincial Park and Belfountain Conservation Area. Surveys at each area explored trail users' perceptions and preferences of trail surfacing techniques in late summer 1999. The managers' survey provided insight into organizational approaches to surfacing, including construction cost and observations on recreational or environmental effectiveness. Finally, the trail condition assessment explored an approach to determining environmental effectiveness of trail surfacing techniques, but was limited by the physical and recreational variation between trails. Seven recommendations for trail managers are presented, tying in several conceptual frameworks of visitor impact management and trail surfacing decisions developed in the thesis. First, trail managers are recommended to develop a full understanding of trail design principles and alternative visitor impact management techniques. If surfacing is selected as the best impact management technique, trail managers should obtain as much information on user characteristics, environmental conditions and organizational limitations as possible. Despite the benefits and drawbacks for all surfaces, road base gravel (or angular screenings with fines) merits special attention as an excellent surface, while asphalt and concrete are not recommended for front country, semi-primitive recreation. Finally, trail managers are encouraged to share information on surfacing more freely and open surfacing decision processes to affected trail users. Overall, trail managers are provided with an approach to surfacing decisions that considers the social, environmental and economic aspects of trail surfacing, with the goal of working toward more enjoyable, environmentally responsible and cost-effective trail solutions.

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Mackintosh, Phillip Gordon. "Imagination and the modern city, reform and the urban geography of Toronto, 1890-1929." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ59532.pdf.

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Morehead, Elizabeth. "Public Policy and Sexual Geography in Portland, Oregon, 1970-2010." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/205.

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Drawing on the concept of sexual geography, this study examines the social and political meanings of sexualized spaces in the urban geography of Portland, Oregon between 1970 and 2010. This includes an examination of the sexual geography of urban spaces as a deliberate construct resulting from official and unofficial public policy and urban planning decisions. Sexual geographies, the collective and individual constructions of sexuality, are not static. Nor are definitions of deviant sexual practices fixed in the collective consciousness. Both are continuously being reshaped and reconstructed in response to changing economic structures and beliefs about sex, race and class. Primary documents are used to build a conceptual geography of sexualized spaces in Portland at points between 1970 and 2010 with an emphasis on the policy and urban planning decisions that inform the physical designations and social meanings of sexualized spaces including prostitution zones, pornography districts and gay entertainment areas.

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Stephenson, Janet, and n/a. "Values in space and time : a framework for understanding and linking multiple cultural values in landscapes." University of Otago. Department of Geography, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20061030.154114.

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When new development threatens a valued landscape it is not just the physical landscape that is being affected, but the collective memories, meanings and identities that the landscape holds. Planning theory and practice currently offer relatively little guidance as to how to address meaning and value, particularly at a landscape scale. Recent literature from a variety of disciplines has stressed the need to develop holistic models of understanding landscape. Particular emphasis has been laid on the absence of integration of disciplinary approaches, and the need to involve communities in defining what is important and distinctive about their own landscapes. The thesis sets out to develop a conceptual framework to assist in understanding multiple cultural values in landscapes. Although the primary focus of the research is to address the perceived shortcomings in planning theory and practice, its potential relevance to inter-disciplinary work also forms a major component of the research approach. Values in landscapes include those expressed by associated communities and those identified through a variety of disciplinary approaches. Using case studies, the research explores the nature and range of landscape values as expressed by those with special associations with particular landscapes. It also examines the nature of the meanings and values ascribed by disciplines with an interest in landscape, and how various disciplines model landscape so as to convey these values. Analysis of these findings generates a landscape framework consisting of two related models. The Cultural Values Model offers a conceptual structure with which to consider the surface and embedded values of landscapes in terms of forms, practices and relationships. The Dimensional Landscape Model provides a structured way of linking expressed values to the landscape, using dimensional concepts of nodes, networks, spaces, webs and layers. The landscape framework is found to be useful not only for generating a comprehensive picture of key landscape values, but also in offering an integrated approach that has utility both for planners and for other landscape-related disciplines.

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Welgemoed, Louis. "The social and spatial manifestation of gated developments in the north-eastern suburbs of Cape Town." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1952.

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Thesis (MA (Geography and Environmental Studies))--Stellenbosch University, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Gated developments (GDs) are a global phenomenon with their presence and numbers increasing in many cities throughout the world. This is also true for cities in South Africa, including Cape Town which has seen a dramatic increase in the number of GDs during the last decade. GDs pose significant challenges to their surrounding urban environments and to cities as a whole because of the spatial and social fragmentation associated with such developments. The challenges created by GDs are especially relevant in the context of the post-apartheid planning goals of integration and sustainability of cities in South Africa. There is a pressing need to understand these GDs in their social and spatial contexts. This study examined aerial photographs to establish the spatial distribution of GDs, ascertain their growth over time and determine clustering of the phenomenon in the north-eastern suburbs of Cape Town. The architectural characteristics and the security measures employed by the GDs were investigated through field observations of a sample of GDs. The socio-economic and demographic features, as well as the daily activity spaces of the residents of the GDs, were determined in a questionnaire survey of a sample of these inhabitants. These investigations provided a detailed look at the gating phenomenon as it manifests in a post-apartheid city, namely Cape Town. The study is of particular interest to urban geographers, town and regional planners, and urban policy makers dealing with the integration of post-apartheid cities. The study found that the GDs constrain progress toward reaching the post-apartheid planning goals of integration and urban sustainability by their contribution to increasing urban fragmentation and urban sprawl through their clustering close to the urban edge. The GDs also promote social segregation through their high perimeter defences with low visual permeability which effectively separate the developments from their neighbourhoods. The use of a larger sample on which to base the socioeconomic and demographic profiles of GD residents as well as the use of more recent aerial photography will enhance future studies of the gating phenomenon. A thorough analysis of travel patterns and traffic volumes in neighbourhoods with large clusters of GDs will advance an understanding of this phenomenon’s effects on urban segregation and fragmentation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sekuriteitsoorde is ŉ globale verskynsel wat toenemend in teenwoordigheid en getalle wêreldwyd in die meeste stede voorkom. Dit is ook die geval in Suid-Afrikaanse stede, insluitend Kaapstad wat in die laaste dekade ŉ dramatiese toename in die getal sekuriteitsoorde beleef het. Sekuriteitsoorde hou ŉ paar gewigtige uitdagings vir die omliggende stedelike omgewings en dié vir die groter stad in as gevolg van die ruimtelike en sosiale fragmentasie wat met hierdie ontwikkelings geassosieer word. Hierdie uitdagings is veral relevant vir die huidige Suid-Afrikaanse beplanningsbeleid wat na 1994 in werking getree het en wat stedelike integrasie en volhoubare stedelike ontwikkeling beklemtoon. Dit is belangrik om sekuriteitsoorde binne hulle sosiale en ruimtelike kontekste te bestudeer. Lugfoto’s is bestudeer om die ruimtelike manifestasie (ligging, groei en konsentrasie) van hierdie verskynsel in Kaapstad se noordelike voorstede te ontleed. Verder is ŉ steekproef van sekuriteitsoorde ter plaatse ondersoek om die argitektoniese kenmerke en die sekuriteit maatreëls van die ontwikkelings te bestudeer. Die sosio-ekonomiese en demografiese profiele sowel as die daaglikse aktiwiteitsruimtes van sekuriteitsoordinwoners is deur middel van ŉ vraelysopname van ŉ steekproef van inwoners vasgestel. Hierdie ondersoeke het ŉ diepgaande blik op geslote ontwikkelings in stede wat gekenmerk is deur apartheidstyl beplanning (soos Kaapstad) gegee. Die bevindings is dus veral relevant vir stedelike geograwe, stads- en streeksbeplanners en stedelike beleidmakers wat met die integrasie van na-apartheidstede te doen het. Die studie het bevind dat hierdie ontwikkelings die bereiking van die na-apartheidsbeplanningsdoelwitte van stedelike integrasie en volhoubare stedelike ontwikkeling belemmer deur stedelike fragmentasie en stedelike wildgroei te bevorder deur konsentrasies van hierdie ontwikkelings naby die stedelike grens te vestig. Sosiale fragmentasie word ook deur hierdie ontwikkelings aangehelp deur hulle neiging om hoë grensmure met lae visuele deursigtigheid te gebruik wat effektief die ontwikkelings van hul buurt afsonder. Die studie kan verbeter word deur ŉ groter steekproef te gebruik om die sosioekonomiese en demografiese profiele op te baseer, asook om jonger lugfoto’s in te span. ŉ Deeglike ondersoek van reispatrone en verkeersvolumes in die woonbuurte met groot konsentrasies geslote ontwikkelings sal ŉ beter begrip van die verskynsel se impakte op stedelike segregasie en fragmentasie bevorder.

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Luke, Jeremy B. "Parental use of Geographical Aspects of Charter Schools as Heuristic Devices in the School Choice Process." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366364829.

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MacKinnon, Jessica. "Addressing Social Elements of Wildfire: Risk, Response, and Recovery in Highland Village, TX." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849756/.

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Representatives of the City of Highland Village expressed concern over the risk of wildfires for their community. Anthropology provides many tools for and examples of disaster assessment of preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation. These tools combined with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can provide a holistic, cultural ecological look at how such a disaster may take place in the city. The project's methods included a detailed survey of preparedness steps which was analyzed using SPSS and also imported into ArcGIS for spatial analysis, and semi-formal, in-depth interviews with residents of the community regarding preparedness, response, and recovery. Residents fell into a middle category of preparedness, with the majority of participants considering or implementing a few recommended preparedness steps. Interview participants expressed respect for and trust of the city and first-responders, as well as a willingness to volunteer their help during response and recovery stages. Finally the American Community Survey showed that resident socioeconomic vulnerability was considerably low, and no action needed to be taken to advocate for at-risk individuals. Overall, the City of Highland Village showed a high resiliency to disaster. A wildfire likely will not have a major impact on the community as a whole, though the city may reduce the impact even further by informing the public of their risk, clearing natural areas of dead brush, sharing preparedness and evacuation information via social media and newsletters, and planning relief stations for those who may have been impacted.

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Ahearn-Ligham, Ariell. "The changing meaning of work, herding and social relations in Rural Mongolia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:da410056-7e73-4b15-b2e9-8be97fe40dd8.

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By using ethnographic methods based on extensive participant observation, this thesis explores the role of pastoralism and rural work as a medium of social reproduction for families in rural Mongolia. This work is reported in four articles, which examine herder household management, decision making, and the spatial aspects of household social and economic production. As standalone pieces and as a united work, the articles make a case for understanding social change through the lens of spatialized performative relations. Pastoralism as a form of work and social system is one aspect of these relations. I contend that people consciously engage with herding as a form of work, which is an important reference point in political subjectivities and administrative practices that idealize the state. The policies and practices of government institutions, including non-state agencies, play powerful roles in the particular forms through which relations are spatialized. By taking this approach and prioritizing herder critical reflections on their own lives, I argue against the dual claim that herders exist outside the state and are bound to local environments. I show, in contrast, how herder efforts to access resources beyond local environments, such as formal schooling for children, spatially transform the labour, finance, and mobility systems of households. My work presents three key arguments with reference to these concepts. The first is that patron-client relations continue to play a strong role in family hierarchies and wider social alliances used to gain access to needed resources and services. Secondly, I argue that pastoralist work is an integral part of governance and the propagation of the moral authority of the state. Pastoralism as a form of work should be seen as a political enterprise as much as an economic or cultural one. Finally, attention to the spatial organisation of household economies, including household splitting and new types of mobility, reiterates the significance of place in human agency.

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Dasre, Aurélien. "Les mesures du regroupement spatial des populations. Aspects méthodologiques et applications aux grandes aires urbaines françaises." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770259.

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L'étude des phénomènes de regroupement spatial des individus en milieu urbain se focalise souvent sur les espaces les plus fortement polarisés, qu'il s'agisse des " ghettos " de " riches " ou de " pauvres ". Pourtant, ces quartiers ne représentent qu'une partie très congrue de l'espace urbain français. Sans occulter l'existence de ces zones, ce travail se propose d'étudier les phénomènes de regroupement spatial sous un angle exhaustif. Ceci a nécessité le développement d'une méthodologie permettant de rendre compte de la complexité de la spécialisation socioéconomique et sociodémographique des territoires. L'impact de l'échelle géographique retenue dans les analyses sur les résultats aussi bien en terme d'intensité que d'évolution est ainsi apparu comme une donnée centrale de la problématique. En se basant sur cette analyse comparative des échelles géographiques de regroupement, ce travail dresse un panorama des profils de regroupements des individus dans 18 aires urbaines françaises. Il est ainsi apparu qu'il existe une grande similarité de ces phénomènes entre les grandes villes. Les individus s'y distribuent selon un modèle sectoriel d'un point de vue socioéconomique quand ils suivent un schéma concentrique d'un point de vue sociodémographique. La combinaison de ces deux logiques a ainsi permis une analyse globale des phénomènes de regroupement socio-spatial.

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Commenges, Hadrien. "L'invention de la mobilité quotidienne. Aspects performatifs des instruments de la socio-économie des transports." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923682.

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"Le monde n'apparaît pas tranquillement emballé dans les faits" (Hacking 1999), de même la mobilité quotidienne n'apparaît pas spontanément comme concept et objet de recherche. La mobilité quotidienne est le résultat contingent d'une construction historique de dispositifs techniques et d'objets conceptuels. Par la construction d'un corpus d'entretiens et d'archives remontant à la fin des années 1950, la thèse opère un retour historique et épistémologique sur les instruments de la socio-économie des transports. Ce matériau fait apparaître l'émergence progressive de la notion de mobilité quotidienne ainsi que de concepts clefs qui lui sont attachés (déplacement, jour ouvrable type, coût généralisé). Il permet également d'expliquer la remarquable stabilité des dispositifs techniques de ce champ (dispositifs de quantification, de modélisation et d'évaluation économique) à travers la notion de système ou matrice technique, empruntée à l'anthropologie des techniques. Les aspects performatifs étudiés dans la thèse sont de deux ordres: d'abord, les instruments de la socio-économie des transports renvoient une image des pratiques de mobilité quotidienne très particulière, axée sur le déplacement et le flux. Des analyses empiriques sur plusieurs enquêtes de mobilité (Enquête Globale Transport, EMD de Bordeaux, EMQ de Barcelone, Enquête panel de Seattle, Enquête Mobidrive) sont réalisées qui renvoient des images alternatives de la mobilité. Ensuite, les instruments de prévision et d'évaluation économique agissent sur les choix d'investissements et donc sur la forme des réseaux de transport. Un modèle de génération d'un réseau de transport est proposé pour penser le rôle de ces instruments sur l'espace. Cette thèse s'attache à comprendre la production de connaissance et l'action sur la mobilité quotidienne à travers les instruments de la socio-économie des transports : comment savons-nous ce que nous croyons savoir sur la mobilité quotidienne ? Comment ce que nous savons sur la mobilité quotidienne influe sur la façon d'agir sur elle ?

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Suvantola, Jaakko. "Tourist's experience of place /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs9672.pdf.

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Cary, Nathan Jess. "Bosnian Immigrants: An Analysis of the Bosnian Community's Influence on the Cultural Landscape of Bowling Green, KY." TopSCHOLAR®, 2013. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1235.

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Diasporas have been occurring for thousands of years, and today globalization has facilitated the quick rate at which diasporas occur on a global scale. Diasporas entail the mass movement of refugees across international borders, and diasporic peoples today now find themselves journeying across oceans and continents to the safety of host cities in a matter of weeks or days. My research analyzes the effects that Bosnian immigrants have had on the cultural landscape of Bowling Green, Kentucky. When people move, they bring their cultures with them, and this type of cultural diffusion impacts the landscape of the host cities. As geographic research on diasporas is limited, this study aims to fill the gap that exists. Bowling Green, Kentucky, was selected for this analysis due to its large refugee population. Some of Bowling Green’s refugee population is comprised of immigrants from Iraq, Burma, Cambodia, and Sudan. Bosnians comprise the largest population of refugees in the city. In addition to examining immigrant policies and theories, the impacts of the Bosnian diaspora on Bowling Green’s cultural landscape will also be identified. Understanding how those cultures modify landscapes is an important part of diasporic research. The data used for this study were acquired through surveys, census details, telephone directories, interviews, and the extant literature. The hypothesis of this study is that Bosnian immigrants have a stronger visual impact on Bowling Green’s cultural landscape than other immigrant ethnic groups due to their large representation in the city.

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Shifidi, Victoria Tuwilika. "Socio-economic assessment of the consequences of flooding in Northern Namibia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96066.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study was conducted in the Cuvelai Basin in Northern Namibia to assess vulnerability and socio-economic impacts of flooding on local residents, and to suggest ways to counteract the consequences of flooding in rural areas of the Basin. This followed severe flooding in 2009, 2011 and 2012. These combined flooding episodes had a substantial impact on local residents and the Namibian economy, with estimated losses of approximately US$136.4 million (NAD1364 million) in direct damage and US$78.2 million (NAD780 million) in indirect losses. The consequences of flooding amounted to ~1% of the country’s 2009 Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Rural residents in the Cuvelai Basin live predominantly on small farm holdings (‘ekove’) allocated by local village leadership, and depend heavily on subsistence farming for their livelihoods. Since higher-lying ground with soil best suited for crop production becomes scarcer, residents are allocated land in low-lying areas which are smaller and more susceptible to floods. The destruction of crops, farm and grazing land, trees and livestock, by floods and similar disasters is of a huge concern. The study sought to assess the impacts of flooding, geographical or physical circumstances that place residents at risk, and socio-economic conditions that lead to vulnerability. The study also attempted to assess whether traditional leaders (headmen) and village residents can use flood risk maps to create plans to reduce flood vulnerability. Over the past flood years, initiatives by the government to cope with floods have been response (relief), short-term and heavily donor dependent. To cope with floods and agro-climatic changes in their basin, rural residents have evolved their practices, some of which are traditional, to help lessen the impacts of floods on their livelihoods. Unfortunately such knowledge is not fully acknowledged by policy, decision makers and disaster risk managers. As a result of this knowledge gap, the study’s objective of compiling these practices, serves as a means to document localized traditional flood response, mitigation and adaptive measures. Moreover, the study will suggest contemporary adaptive measures as recommended by the local rural residents. Residents in 314 households were interviewed during August to November 2012. The households were selected following recommendations by village headmen, and consisted of 273 flooded homes, 42 village leaders, and 35 homes that were not flooded from 45 randomly selected villages. The qualitative data was captured, pre-coded, processed and analysed in Microsoft Excel, SPSS and STATISTICA to derive descriptive and inferential statistics. Following consultations with village headmen and residents, recommendations were made on practical adaptive strategies to flooding. The study found that there is a need to foster community level participation, buy-in and involvement in disaster risk management strategies in order to reduce the gap between technical early warning mechanisms and indigenous knowledge. Results revealed that households with coinciding socio-economic and geographic vulnerability are heavily impacted by flood disasters. However, these two vulnerabilities are not directly proportional to each other. Other vulnerable groups in society were outlined and structural and non-structural mitigation and preparedness measures at household level were recommended by the residents. It is the study’s intention that this will assist in strengthening local residents adaptive capabilities during events of flooding, thereby mitigating their impacts. The project’s intention of documenting this technical and indigenous knowledge, will serve as a knowledge base that can be compiled and integrated into an effective village friendly flood early warning system. It is further hoped that this initiative will garner support at the policy level and contribute to the prioritization of flood response to pending disasters being placed at the centre of development planning and execution.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie is uitgevoer in die Cuvelai-opvangsgebied om die kwesbaarheid en sosio-ekonomiese impak van vloede op die plaaslike inwoners te bepaal ten einde maniere te vind om die gevolge van oorstromings in die landelike gebiede van die Cuvelai teen te werk. Ernstige oorstromings in 2009, 2011 en 2012 het 'n aansienlike impak op die Namibiese ekonomie gehad met geraamde verliese van ongeveer US$136.4 million (NAD1364 million) in direkte skade en US$78.2million (NAD780 million) in indirekte verliese vir die land. Ongeveer een persent (1%) van die land se 2009 bruto binnelandse produk (BBP) is benut om die gevolge van hierdie oorstromings aan te spreek. Landelike inwoners in die Cuvelai-opvangsgebied woon op kleinhoewes, plaaslik bekend as ekove, wat toegeken word deur plaaslike gemeenskapsleierskap. Hulle is hoofsaaklik afhanklik van bestaansboerdery. Aangesien hoër-liggende gebiede met goeie landboupotensiaal toenemend skaarser word, word nuwe kleinhoewes toegeken in laer-liggende gebiede, waar die negatiewe gevolge van oorstromings op inwoners erger kan wees. Skade aan gewasse, landbougrond en weiding, boorde en vee deur oorstromings en soortgelyke rampe is dus kommerwekkend. Die doelstelling van die studie was dus om die impak van oorstromings te bepaal, die geografiese of fisiese omstandighede wat plaaslike inwoners in gevaar stel te evalueer, en sosio–ekonomiese toestande wat lei tot kwesbaarheid te bepaal. Verdere doelwitte was om vas te stel of gemeenskapleiers en plaaslike inwoners vloedrisikokaarte kan gebruik om vloedkwesbaarheid te bepaal, in oorleg met plaaslike owerhede en inwoners alternatiewe praktiese aangepaste strategieë vir oorstromings vas te stel en aanbevelings aan die nasionale rampsbestuursbeleid en praktyk waar toepaslik te maak. Tydens die afgelope oorstromings was regeringsinisiatiewe om oorstromings te hanteer korttermyn vloedverligting, grootliks afhanlik van skenker. Om vloede en landbou-klimaatsveranderinge the hanteer, het landelike inwoners nuwe praktyke ontwikkel, sommige van tradisionele aard, om die impak van oorstomings op hulle lewensbestaan the verminder. Ongelukkig word sodanige kennis nie ten volle erken deur beleid, besluitnemers en ramprisikobestuurders nie. As gevolg van hierdie kennisgaping, dien die studiedoelwit om hierdie praktyke saam te stel die doel om gelokaliseerde tradisionele maatreëls aangaande vloedreaksie, versagting en aapasbaarheid te dokumenteer. Verder sal die studie onlangse maatreëls voorstel soos aanbeveel deur die plaaslike landelike inwoners. Ten einde kwalitatiewe data van die gemeenskappe wat in die Cuvelai woon te bekom is daar vir vier maande (Augustus tot November 2012) opnames gedoen by 314 huishoudings, gekies op aanbeveling van die plaaslike owerhede wat insluit 273 vloedslagoffers, 42 gemeenskapsleiers, en 35 huishoudings wat nie deur vloede beïnvloed is nie, vanuit 45 verskillende gemeenskappe. Die kwalitatiewe data is opgeneem, vooraf-gekodeer, verwerk en ontleed in Microsoft Excel, SPSS en STATISTICA om beskrywende en inferensiële statistieke te bekom. Die studie het bevind dat daar 'n behoefte is om die vlak van gemeenskapsdeelname te bevorder, inkoop en betrokkenheid by die ramp risikobestuurstrategieë te verkry ten einde die tegniese gaping tussen vroeë waarskuwingsmeganismes en inheemse kennis te verminder. Die studie het ook getoon dat huishoudings met ‘n gekombineerde sosio-ekonomiese en geografiese kwesbaarheid groter newe-effekte ondervind van vloedrampe. Die twee kwesbaarhede is egter nie direk eweredig aanmekaar nie. Ander kwesbare groepe in die samelewing is uitgewys, en strukturele en nie-strukturele versagting en paraatheidsmaatreëls op huishoudelike vlak is deur die inwoners aanbeveel. Die studie se doelwit is om die aanpasbaarheid van die plaaslike inwoners tydens oorstromings te bevorder, en sodoende die impak te verminder. Dokumentasie van hierdie tegniese en inheemse kennis sal dien as 'n kennisbasis wat saamgestel en geïntegreer kan word in 'n effektiewe gemeenskapsvriendelike vroeë vloedwaarskuwingstelsel. Indien hierdie inisiatief ondersteuning vind op beleidsvlak, kan dit bydra tot die prioritisering van vloed- en rampreaksie in ontwikkelingbeplanning en uitvoering.

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Skorczeski, Laura Aldea. "Ethnic Place Making : Thirty Years of Brazilian Immigration to South Framingham, Massachusetts." PDXScholar, 2009. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4491.

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Over the past thirty years, Massachusetts has become a hub of Brazilian immigration. Within Massachusetts, the town of Framingham has the highest concentration of Brazilian residents; one census tract in the southern part of this Boston suburb is an astounding 57.4 percent Brazilian. The presence of the Brazilian population in downtown Framingham, also referred to as South Framingham, has transformed the area into a landscape of Brazilian ethnicity. When Brazilians began arriving in South Framingham in the early 1980s, the downtown Central Business District was a blighted landscape. This thesis analyzes how Brazilian identities have become imprinted on the landscape of South Framingham and, in the process, how Brazilian business owners revitalized downtown. Starting with initial Brazilian immigration to Framingham, I present a chronological analysis of how the area developed into an ethnic enclave and, most recently, how the area has become a landscape of ethnic contention. While Brazilian immigrants have improved the economic vitality of South Framingham, the current economic recession and other local factors may diminish the future success of Brazilian business owners and, consequently, their visibility in the landscape of downtown Framingham.

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Kasper, Christian Pierre. "Habitar a rua." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280488.

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Orientador: Laymert Garcia dos Santos
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Esta tese apresenta um estudo da cultura material de moradores de rua na cidade de São Paulo sob uma dupla perspectiva: do habitar, enquanto modo de ocupação do espaço, criação de territórios e de uma tecnologia como forma ativa de relação com o meio urbano, caracterizada como bricolagem. O ponto de vista adotado encara os modos de existência dos moradores de rua como formas de vida possíveis, e não em termos de carência, remetida a uma suposta normalidade. Tomando o estado de constante exposição de si como traço distintivo da condição de quem mora nas ruas, seu enfoque está nas táticas mobilizadas para tornar a rua habitável, táticas que envolvem o questionamento prático das funcionalidades estabelecidas, tanto dos locais públicos ocupados quanto dos materiais descartados encontrados nas ruas da cidade
Abstract: This thesis presents a study of the material culture of homeless people in the city of São Paulo, following a double perspective: of dwelling, as a mode of space occupation and creation of territories, and of a technology, as an active form of relation to the urban milieu, characterized as bricolage. The point of view adopted contemplates the modes of existence of the street dwellers as possible forms of life, and not in terms of lack, refered to a supposed normality. Taking the state of constant self-exposure as the distinctive trait of the homeless condition, it focus on the tactics mobilized to make the street inhabitable, tactics which envolve the practical questioning of the functionality of both the occupied public places and the descarted materials found in the city¿s streets
Doutorado
Ciencias Sociais
Doutor em Ciências Sociais

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Massey, Ruth Thokozile. "Informal settlement upgrading and the effect of governmentality on women's social networks : a case study of New Rest and Makhaza, Cape Town." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85799.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: It is estimated that 70% of sub-Saharan Africa’s urban population resides in informal settlements. Cape Town (South Africa), in particular, has a projected 223 informal settlements within its boundaries (which house almost 136 000 households). The national government has attempted to meet housing needs through the upgrading of informal settlements. In situ upgrading has been seen as a particularly popular route to follow. This study aimed to investigate the City of Cape Town’s governmentality in the in situ upgrading of Makhaza and New Rest in Cape Town and explore the implications of this governmentality for women’s social networks in these two settlements. The study focused on the governmentality elements of rationalities, practices and techniques and counter-conduct. A review of the literature shows little attention has been paid to the various governmentalities (practice, techniques and rationalities) that exist within informal settlement upgrading. The literature has also not paid much attention to how the governmentality of those undertaking informal settlement upgrading, relates to women’s social networks (and their governmentality) within upgraded sites. The research made use of qualitatively-driven methodologies and approaches, employing the techniques of Neighbourhood Social Mapping, Social Network Assessment (SNA), semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, transect walks, observational studies and secondary data gathering. The study found, amongst other things, that the governmentality (rationalities, techniques and practices) used by the City to plan and implement the upgrading of informal settlements differs from that of the women’s social networks. The profound differences in governmentalities have meant that the settlements do not meet the needs of the women and their social networks. In response the women have redesigned their new settlement to meet the needs of their social networks. Integral Theory is used in this thesis to map and better understand the differing governmentalities and their relationship and was used to propose an Integral approach in managing differing governmentalities. The thesis suggests that, in order to understand fully and respond appropriately to the challenges faced in upgrading, those in power need to be aware of and include all perspectives and actors within their upgrading process and practice.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar word beraam dat 70% van sub-Sahara Afrika se stedelike populasie in informele nedersettings woon. Kaapstad (Suid-Afrika), spesifiek, het ‘n beraamde 223 informele nedersettings binne die grense (wat omtrent 136 000 huishoudings huisves). Die nasionale regering het onderneem om behuisings behoefte te voorsien deur die opgradering van informele nedersettings. In situ opgradering is gesien as ‘n besonder gewilde roete om te volg. Hierdie studie het gepoog om die City of Cape Town (die Stad) se governmentality te ondersoek in die opgradering van Makhaza en New Rest in Kaapstad. So ook om die implikasies van hierdie governmentality vir vroue se sosiale netwerke in hierdie nedersettings te verken. Die studie het gefokus op die governmentality (regeringsmentaliteit) beginsels van rationaliteite, praktyke en tegnieke en teen-optrede. ‘n Oorsig van die literatuur toon min aandag is geskenk aan die verskillende governmentalities wat binne opgraderingsprojekte vir informele nedersettings bestaan. Die literatuur het ook nie veel aandag gegee aan hoe die governmentality van die onderneming van die informele nedersettings met betrekking tot vroue se sosiale netwerke (en hul governmentality) binne opgradeerde terreine. Die navorsing het gebruik gemaak van kwaliteits gedrewe metodologie en benaderings, die gebruik van tegnieke van omgewing sosiale kartering, sosiale netwerk beraming, semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude, vraelyste, deursnee wandeling, waarnemings studies en sekondêre data insameling. Die studie het onder andere bevind dat die governmentality (rationaliteite, tegnieke en praktyke), soos gebruik deur die Stad om opgradering van informele nedersettings te beplan en implimenteer, verskil van die van die vroue se sosiale netwerke. Die diepgaande verskille in governmentalities het gelei daartoe dat die nedersettings nie voldoen aan die behoeftes van die vroue en hul sosiale netwerke nie. In reaksie daarop het die vroue die nuwe nedersetting herontwerp om in hul sosiale netwerk behoeftes te voorsien. Integrale Teorie is in hierdie tesis gebruik om die verskille in governmentalities en hul verwantskappe uiteen te sit en beter te kan verstaan en ook om die Integrale benadering in die hantering van verskillende governmetnalities voor te stel. Die tesis dui daarop dat in orde om ten volle te verstaan en toepaslik te reageer op die uitdagings wat gepaard gaan met opgradering moet die wat in beheer is van alle perspektiewe en akteurs binne die opgraderings proses bewus wees en dit in ag neem.

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Beloni, Belmiro Marcos. "Descentralização territorial da educação profissional e tecnológica no Paraná: determinante de desenvolvimento local?" Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/3206.

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O presente trabalho tem como propósito realizar um estudo geoeconômico e político da relação entre o desenvolvimento econômico e a interiorização da educação profissional e tecnológica, institucionalizada na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR. A questão norteadora é: Por que educação profissional e tecnológica? Por que e como a interiorização do Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica - CEFET-PR se deu nessas cidades? A universidade tecnológica em seu percurso centenário desenvolveu sistematicamente durante grande parte de sua história uma educação pragmática e utilitária submetida às demandas da transformação produtiva, como responsável pelo ensino técnico. A diferenciação institucional, primeiramente como instituição multicâmpus e posteriormente como universidade especializada proporcionaram avanço, com a manutenção das bases anteriores. O afunilamento das políticas educacionais rumo à espacialização das universidades federais via Plano de Reestruturação e Expansão das Universidades Federais - REUNI, faz da UTFPR precedente no processo, justificando a necessidade da análise das diferentes repercussões na implementação das unidades descentralizadas em cidades do interior do Paraná, especialmente enquanto vetor de desenvolvimento local/regional, diversificação econômica e empregabilidade.
This paper aims to conduct a geo-economic and political study of the relationship between economic development and internalization of vocational and technological education in institutionalized Federal Technological University of Paraná - UTFPR. The guiding question is: Why vocational and technological education? Why and how the internalization of Federal Center of Technological Education - CEFET-PR occurred in these cities? A technological university in its centenary route developed systematically during much of its history, a subject pragmatic and utilitarian education demands of productive transformation, responsible for technical education. The institutional differentiation, first as multicampus institution and subsequently as a specialized university advancement provided with the maintenance of the previous bases. The bottleneck of educational policies towards spatialization of federal universities via Plan of Reorganization and Expansion of Federal Universities - REUNI, makes the previous UTFPR in the process, justifying the need analysis of the different effects in the implementation of the decentralized units in the inner cities of Paraná, especially as vector of local/regional development , diversification economic and employability.

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Reid, Fiona. "A geographical study of Scottish sport." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2540.

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The thesis identifies a lack of research in the general subject area of sports geography and in particular Scottish sports geography. A new conceptual framework for the analysis of the geography of sport is developed from an extensive review of the literature. This framework is then used to illustrate three case studies of the sports landscape in Scotland at three geographical scales. Case study one considers a national sport and traces curling, from its origin to the international Olympic sport it is today, through time and the geographical concepts of space, place, and environment. The sport of curling is shown to be a distinctively Scottish despite influences of modernisation and internationalisation. At the regional scale, case study two identifies two key sporting attributes. Recent survey data are used to highlight regional variations in sports club membership and volunteering in sport. For example the highest rate of sports volunteering in the population is found in the north of Scotland, while the biggest contribution to the sport volunteer workforce comes from large urban towns nearer the central belt. Finally case study three examines a local sportscape. Factors relating to the local population and to the individuals within the sportscape are combined to propose a model for the analysis of sports places. Each case study has added to the knowledge of sports geography in Scotland, however the real benefit of the thesis is to the overall understanding of sports geographical analysis. A new conceptual framework has been developed for the geographical analysis of sport and this has been applied to three case studies to illustrate its efficacy. This is a first Geography of Sport in Scotland.

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Van, der Merwe Schalk Willem Jacobus. "Local and sub-regional socio-economic and environmental impact of large-scale resort development." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1658.

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Jeng, Shwu-Jing. "Geographic Information System Analysis of Changing Demographic Patterns and Ethnic Restaurant Locations in Bowling Green, Kentucky, 1940-2005." TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/154.

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The geography of food has been a popular subject for researchers and scholars who have explored the representative foods of a given region in reference to the area’s cultural identity. Food plays an important role in the development of individual cultures and civilization. Food consumption and dining habits usually reflect individuals’ location, cultural and individual identity, accessibility to food and heritage. United States is a country often called a “melting pot society.” Immigrants in the United States comprise over eight percent of the population, and various ethnic groups have reshaped American society with their unique cultures and foodways. Driven in part by globalization, food has been commercialized in an effort to increase profit and broaden the diversity of foods available for consumption. By studying ethnic restaurants and the food they offer, one can gain a basic understanding of other information related to ethnic groups. The purpose of this study is to analyze changes in ethnic restaurant numbers, types, and locations from 1940 to 2005, as well as changing demographic patterns in Bowling Green, Kentucky. I hypothesize that a relationship exists between the numbers, locations and diversity of ethnic restaurants and ethnic populations in Bowling Green. Globalization and the influx of ethnic groups will reshape the diversity of ethnic cuisines between 1940 to 2005. In addition, changes in Bowling Green income, education level and ethnic structure are associated with increasing diversity of ethnic restaurants. Relationships between the locations of ethnic neighborhoods and ethnic restaurants are also examined. The methods of investigation in this thesis include assembling a database of historic restaurant information and using GIS technology to map locations of ethnic restaurants and analyze spatial patterns and ethnic diversity of restaurant types. In order to investigate the association between ethnic structure, income and education level of Bowling Green’s population and the diversity of ethnic restaurant over time, data was collected from the decennial Census of Population and Housing. To research current consumer preferences, a survey was conducted to discover the most influential factors impacting residents’ choice of cuisines and the variation in restaurant preferences among age groups. Interviews with owners of ethnic restaurant shed light on locational choices.

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De, Paula Fernanda Cristina 1984. "Constituições do habitar = reassentamento do Jd. São Marcos para o Jd. Real." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287263.

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Orientador: Daniel Joseph Hogan
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências
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Resumo: O município de Cubatão (SP) ainda lida com as conseqüências de sua expressiva industrialização. Dentre elas, associado ao conjunto significativo de impactos ambientais, está o problema habitacional: praticamente, metade das famílias do município vive em habitações precárias. Uma das medidas que vêm sendo tomadas, nesta década, para a resolução deste problema é o reassentamento urbano. Em Cubatão, esta política remove a população da área de risco e promove a mudança das famílias para conjuntos habitacionais construídos especificamente para estes moradores; oferecendo moradia fisicamente mais estável, junto a bairros consolidados. O último reassentamento concretizado neste município foi o das famílias do Jd. São Marcos para o Jd. Real. Do ponto de vista dos moradores, o reassentamento implica uma reestruturação da vida, na medida em que muda o espaço em que está a casa. A qualidade desta reestruturação é que responde à eficácia e justiça desta política pública do ponto de vista da população envolvida. Clarificar o devir e os fatores envolvidos deve ajudar na reflexão das conseqüências do reassentamento para os moradores, auxiliando na reflexão e planejamento desta política pública. A reestruturação se dá no cotidiano, nas pequenas ou nas fundamentais atividades que centramos na casa; em outras palavras, o cerne da reestruturação da vida em função do reassentamento está na articulação entre espaço, indivíduo e o modo como habitamos. A partir desta constatação, trazemos o habitar como categoria para apreender as conseqüências do reassentamento. Apoiados nas formulações sobre sentido do habitar de Heidegger, que auxiliam a refletir sobre a articulação entre espaço, indivíduo e morar, discutimos sobre o papel da casa, do bairro, da articulação entre lugares privados e públicos e da apropriação do espaço como fenômenos que compõe o habitar e que entram em xeque frente ao reassentamento
Abstract: The City of Cubatão (SP) still deals with the consequences of its expressive industrialization. Among them, associated with a set of significant environmental impacts, is the habitation problem: almost half of the families in the city live in precarious residences. The urban resettlement is one of the measures that are being taken in this decade to solve this problem. In Cubatão, this policy removes the population in risk areas and promotes the displacement of the families to habitation sets constructed specifically for these residents; providing housing physically more stable, within consolidated neighborhood. The last resettlement achieved in this city involved the families of Jd. São Marcos to Jd. Real. From the residents' perspective, the resettlement implies restructuring of life, in as much as it changes the space of the house. The quality of this restructuring direct responds to the efficiency and justice of this public policy from the residents' perspective subjected to this. Clarify the destiny and the factors involved should help in the reflection of resettlements' consequences to residents, helping the studies and planning of such public policy. The restructuring happens in daily life, in small or fundamental activities that we concentrate in the house; in other words, the heart of the restructuring of life in the light of resettlement is in the articulation between space, individual and the way that we live. From this observation, we bring 'dwelling' as a category to embrace the consequences of resettlement. Supported in formulations on "dwelling" discussed by Heidegger and his aid to reflect the articulation between space, individual and settlement we discuss the role of home, neighborhood, articulation between private and public places and space appropriation as phenomena that compose the dwelling and confront the resettlement focus
Mestrado
Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial
Mestre em Geografia

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Doohan, Kim Elizabeth. ""Making things come good" Aborigines and miners at Argyle /." Doctoral thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/145.

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Thesis (PhD) -- Macquarie University, Division of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Human Geography, 2007.
"November 2006".
Bibliography: p. 352-398.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
xvi, 399 p. ill., maps

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Feaux, de la Croix Jeanne. "Moral geographies in Kyrgyzstan : how pastures, dams and holy sites matter in striving for a good life." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1862.

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This thesis is an ethnography of how places like mountain pastures (jailoos), hydro-electric dams and holy sites (mazars) matter in striving for a good life. Based on eighteen months of fieldwork in the Toktogul valley of Kyrgyzstan, this study contributes to theoretical questions in the anthropology of post-socialism, time, space, work and enjoyment. I use the term ‘moral geography’ to emphasize a spatial imaginary that is centred on ideas of ‘the good life’, both ethical and happy. This perspective captures an understanding of jailoos which connects food, health, wealth and beauty. In comparing attitudes towards a Soviet and post-Soviet dam, I reveal changes in the nature of the state, property and collective labour. People in Toktogul hold agentive places like mazars and non-personalized places like dams and jailoos apart, implying not one overarching philosophy of nature, but a world in which types of places have different gradations of object-ness and personhood. I show how people use forms of commemoration as a means of establishing connections between people, claims on land and aspirations of ‘becoming cultured’. I demonstrate how people draw on repertoires of epic or Soviet heroism and mobility in conceiving their life story and agency in shaping events. Different times and places such as ‘eternal’ jailoos and Soviet dams are often collapsed as people derive personal authority from connections to them. Analysing accounts of collectivization and privatization I argue that the Soviet period is often treated as a ‘second tradition’ used to judge the present. People also strive for ‘the good life’ through working practices that are closely linked to the Soviet experience, and yet differ from Marxist definitions of labour. The pervasively high value of work is fed from different, formally conflicting sources of moral authority such as Socialism, Islam and neo-liberal ideals of ‘entrepreneurship’. I discuss how parties, poetry and song bring together jakshylyk (goodness) as enjoyment and virtue. I show how song and poetry act as moral guides, how arman yearning is purposely enjoyed in Kyrgyz music and how it relates to nostalgia and nature imagery. The concept of ‘moral geography’ allows me to investigate how people strive for well-being, an investigation that is just as important as focusing on problem-solving and avoiding pain. It also allows an analysis of place and time that holds material interactions, moral ideals, economic and political dimensions in mind.

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van, Wincoop Sven. "Analysis of Learning from IncidentsProcesses in Swedish and DutchHealthcare Systems : A Mixed Methods Study for Cross-Border Learning." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302464.

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Many healthcare organisations face repetitive incidents because organisations tend to fail to learn from the past. Learning from incidents (LFI) in healthcare is a process through which healthcare professionals and the organisation as a whole seek to understand adverse events that have taken place. The LFI process consists of five main steps: data acquisition, investigation and analysis, planning interventions, implementing interventions, and evaluations. In order to reduce the reoccurrence of incidents, it is important that LFI processes are improved. As a prerequisite, it is necessary to gain insight into the steps of the LFI process to identify hindrances (bottlenecks) and mitigate them. This thesis is a broad comparative study of the LFI processes in Dutch and Swedish healthcare systems. Cross-border comparisons between LFI systems can support mutual learning, and consequently lead to improvements of healthcare organisations’ learning processes. The study consists of an analysis of Swedish and Dutch legislation, national healthcare inspectorates, and hospitals’ learning from incidents processes. Legislation was analysed through a (legal) documentation study. Healthcare inspectorates’ practices in LFI were analysed by a combination of documentation studies, and by conducting interviews with one Dutch inspector, one Swedish inspector, and one Swedish development strategist. For analysis of hospitals’ LFI processes, a questionnaire and interview study with fourteen Dutch and eleven Swedish hospitals were conducted. Analysis of these processes was done at the hand of a number of quality statements developed based on a literature study. The main differences between how the two countries’ learn from incidents are in data acquisition, and investigation and analysis. The Netherlands have various reporting systems, as well as diversity in incident investigation methods. Sweden has more uniformity in these matters. Moreover, Sweden has a national system for sharing lessons learned between hospitals, which can benefit the learning process on a national level. The Netherlands currently does not have such a system. Sweden and the Netherlands have similar strengths and weaknesses in LFI. Both countries have accessible data acquisition systems, and it does not take much time to report incidents. There are however significant disparities between incidents and sentinel events in both countries in the quality of investigations and analyses, planning of interventions and implementation of interventions. The implementation and evaluation phases are also regarded to have the lowest quality, based on analysis of the quality statements. Dutch and Swedish legislation and the supervision of the healthcare inspectorates only cover these last two phases to a limited extent. Requirements with respect to incidents are also only formulated to a limited extent (except data acquisition), which may explain the significant difference of quality when compared to sentinel events. There are resemblances between the scopes of the legal frameworks and inspectorates, and the LFI processes in hospitals. There is therefore reason to believe that hospitals typically do not excel above what is required by legislation or by the healthcare inspectorates.
I många vårdorganisationer upprepar sig incidenter eftersom organisationer tenderar att misslyckas med att lära sig från incidenter. Att lära från incidenter (LFI) inom hälso- och sjukvården är en process genom vilket vårdpersonal och organisationen som helhet försöker förstå incidenter som har ägt rum. LFI-processen består av fem huvudsteg: datainsamling, utredning och analys, planering av åtgärder, implementering av åtgärder, och utvärderingar. För att minska upprepande av incidenter är det viktigt att LFIprocesser förbättras. Det här examensarbetet är en jämförande studie av LFI-processerna i holländska och svenska sjukvårdssystem. Gränsöverskridande jämförelser mellan LFI-system kan stödja ömsesidigt lärande och därmed leda till förbättringar av vårdorganisationernas lärande. Studien består av en analys av svensk och holländsk lagstiftning, nationella inspektioner och sjukhusens lärande från incidensprocesser. Lagstiftningen analyserades genom en (juridisk) dokumentationsstudie. Sjukvårdsinspektionernas praxis i LFI analyserades med en kombination av dokumentationsstudier och genom att göra intervjuer med en holländsk inspektör, en svensk inspektör och en svensk utvecklingsstrateg. För analys av sjukhusens LFI-processer genomfördes en enkätstudie och intervjustudie med 14 holländska och 11 svenska sjukhus. Analysen genomfördes med ett kvalitetsindikatorer som är baserade på en litteraturstudie. De viktigaste skillnaderna mellan hur de två länderna lär sig av incidenter är inom datainsamling och incidentutredning. I Nederländerna används många olika rapporteringssystem och utredningsmetoder för händelser. Sverige har mer enhetlighet i dessa frågor. Dessutom har Sverige ett nationellt system för att dela lärdomar mellan sjukhusen, vilket kan gynna lärningsprocessen på nationell nivå. Nederländerna har för närvarande inget liknande system. Sverige och Nederländerna har liknande styrkor och svagheter i LFI. Båda länderna har tillgängliga datainsamlingssystem och det tar inte mycket tid att rapportera incidenter. Det finns betydliga skillnader mellan incidenter och händelser som har medfört allvarliga vårdskador i båda länderna. Detta gäller kvaliteten på utredningar, planering av åtgärder och implementering av årgärder. Implementerings- och utvärderingsfaserna anses ha lägsta kvalitet, baserat på analys av kvalitetsindikatorerna. Holländsk och svensk lagstiftning och tillsynen av inspektionerna täcker dessa två sista faser endast i begränsad utsträckning. Krav på incidenter formuleras också endast i begränsad omfattning (förutom datainsamling), vilket kan förklara skillnaden i kvalitet jämfört med händelser som har medfört en allvarlig vårdskada. Det finns likheter mellan räckvidden av lagstiftningen och inspektionen, och LFIprocesserna på sjukhus i både länder. Det finns därför anledning att tro att sjukhus vanligtvis inte utmärker sig högre än vad som krävs enligt lagstiftningen eller av hälsooch sjukvårdsinspektionerna.

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Oppenheim, Vicki Ann. "Public Market Trade Areas: Local Goods, Farmers, and Community in the U.S. Southwest Region, 1996-2016." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157534/.

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The number of public markets in the United States increased from more than 300 in the 1970s to more than 8,600 by 2016. This increase in markets is related to changes in food production, localism and the local food systems movement, socioeconomic changes, cultural changes, and perceptions of embeddedness. Research on the underlying conditions for the success of public markets is scant in the United States, and especially in the USDA Southwest Region. This study provides analysis of public market locations as compared with non-market locations by drive-time trade areas during a 20-year period, 1996 and 2016, to gain further insights into factors leading to their success. The results from logit regression analyses and simulations of socioeconomic, college-town status, and climate-grid classifications find an increased likelihood of public markets with population, education, college town status, and some climate-grid locations. Median income, surprisingly, has an inverse relationship with public market success. Qualitative data and a literature review point to three types of embeddedness that motivate customers to attend public markets. This study concludes that "local nontradable consumer goods" tied to place are offered at these "nontradable consumption amenities." These amenities are "third places" that promote social interaction and become important places of community, farmer support, and commerce across the Southwest Region.

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McKenzie, Barbara Burkett. ""Some of the women amazed us" : discoveries through dialogue regarding women in Christian leadership." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12784.

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During my years in Christian education, I became fascinated by the fact that few women participated in levels of visible leadership especially in light of the women's movement in the broader society. Women had always been active in church life, perhaps, more so than men. If societal barriers were falling for women, why were women not in visible leadership positions in the church? This study uses a series of in-depth interviews based on a phenomenological approach to determine what specific factors in the lives of women who serve as Christian leaders either helped or hindered them in their pilgrimage. Eight women were interviewed to discover their life experiences and three men to discern their perspectives. As the eleven interviews were reviewed and analyzed, I read secular and Christian literature to find supportive or corroborative information related to the emerging themes. The thesis is presented in two parts: first, an academic preface articulating the process of research and analysis; and second, a study guide developed for women and men in my field of practice, Christian education. Because I am committed to Christian education, I have chosen to develop a study guide to be used for individual or group study. The method, the discoveries, and the presentation share a common theme: the importance of dialogue. Key observations in the study indicate that the factors that helped some women are the same factors that hindered others and that each individual woman's ability to lead is influenced by a complexity of factors. As the study guide develops, each of the factors is discussed as one which helped or hindered the participants. Following the presentations of themes are suggestions for changes, or transformation, with recommendations for further study and possible action by individuals or local churches. Among the participants, the Bible is considered the authoritative word of God and each looked to the Bible for principles and guidelines regarding women in leadership. Based on their respective interpretations of the Bible, some were led by hermeneutic processes to believe that women are to lead alongside men as equal partners; others, however, hold the view that women are not to assume the highest leadership positions. The cultural settings of the participants influenced their leadership. Two factors, patriarchy and feminism, are examined to identify aspects of each which help women in leadership in some cases and hinder in others. Pivotal in the discussion is that each woman's sense of personhood affects her own ability to assume leadership. A woman's identity is seen in view of her relationships to her family, herself, and her God. For many women, pain emerged as a theme growing out of frustrated efforts to pursue leadership faced with institutional opposition. Women are encouraged to lead in many venues of the church, including education and missions. For some women, leadership has been helped by existing policies; for other women, leadership opportunities have been restricted and hindered.

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Evans, Rhys. "Looking at the world through a windshield: a historical geography of the trucking industry in British Columbia." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/4253.

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The trucking industry has been an extremely important part of the process of economic growth and cultural integration in British Columbia. The specific trajectories taken by both the provincial economy and the trucking industry are entwined, each shaping the other. The story of trucking in British Columbia is a story of constant change. Forced to respond to changing political and economic conditions, the industry has taken at least three different configurations. The state of the roads, the trucks and the industry form the three main axes of inquiry. This thesis explores the history of the industry in specific detail in order to understand the constraints the provincial economy, culture and landscape has brought to the creation of a viable trucking industry. It al examines the ways the industry has, in turn, affected the economy and culture of British Columbia.

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Flores, Carolina Andrea 1972. "Residential segregation and the geography of opportunites: a spatial analysis of heterogeneity and spillovers in education." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3843.

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This research estimates the consequences of socioeconomic residential segregation on educational outcomes in the context of the Chilean voucher system used for education. It is found that the combination of school and socioeconomic residential segregation creates challenges to social mobility and social inclusion of the most vulnerable population. Poverty concentration is understood as the clustering dimension of socioeconomic residential segregation. Its effects are measured by combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative methods measure the magnitude of two spatial processes: spatial heterogeneity--the contextual differences between neighborhoods--and spatial dependence--by which educational outcomes of one neighborhood depend upon those of adjacent neighborhoods. Spatial processes are tested with multilevel and spatial models implemented in a two step procedure that approximates a hierarchical spatial model. This methodological innovation creates the opportunity for new analytical understanding of the mechanisms driving these spatial processes. A collective case study method of educational communities in three segregated neighborhoods is applied in order to understand the mechanisms driving these spatial processes. More than 16% of the variation in 4th graders' math test scores in Santiago is found to be explained by the characteristics of the neighborhood where the school is located. The effects of concentrated poverty are perceived through the actions of certain social mediators. Whether a student lives with both parents and the strength of the family-school bonds are particularly key factors in predicting educational outcomes in poor and segregated areas. Families in these neighborhoods lack exposure to the middle and upper classes' attitude toward education, which is dominant in formal school settings; thus, a strong school-family bond is a way of bridging this difference in attitude. On the other hand, in poor and segregated areas, teacher job satisfaction is negatively associated with test scores. Some schools adjust their expectations downward about their students' potential outcomes; furthermore, some teachers see themselves as successful social workers but with diminished expectations of students' educational outcomes, which explains this negative correlation. Concentrated poverty affects educational outcomes, but this effect is not deterministic. In fact, some families show successful coping strategies, while others do not. Although further research is needed to explain these differences, this research suggests that the school plays an important role in counterbalancing the negative effects of socioeconomic residential segregation on educational outcomes. Thus, besides neighborhood and school socioeconomic integration, policies aimed at strengthening the mediating role of the school are relevant ways of preventing the negative effects of spatial concentration of poverty on educational outcomes.
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Jain, Meha. "Adaptation to Climate Variability in Social Agro-Ecological Systems." Thesis, 2014. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8TQ6D56.

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Variability is inherent to any living system, and adaptation, or changing one's behavior in response to variability, is an important way to reduce or eliminate possible adverse consequences of change. Adaptation is particularly important to consider in the face of contemporary climate change, as individuals and communities may be able to adapt their behavior in response to weather variability and reduce or possibly eliminate predicted adverse impacts. To gain a more mechanistic understanding of which factors may lead to enhanced adaptive capacity of individuals and communities to future change, this dissertation uses a multi-disciplinary and multi-scale approach to broadly examine which social, economic, biophysical, and perceptional factors are associated with agricultural adaptation to current weather variability. The results from this dissertation generally show how adapting agricultural practices, like changing cropping patterns or increasing irrigation, can reduce the vulnerability of farmers to weather variability. Importantly, however, we show that adaptation is not simply about adopting appropriate technical solutions like sowing weather-appropriate crops or irrigating optimally, it is also about the complex set of economic, social, and perceptional factors that influence farmer decision-making and adaptive capacity. A global literature review highlights important biases and gaps in our current knowledge about climate change adaptation research in the agricultural sector. Based on these findings, we offer recommendations for future research that may result in a more process-based understanding of adaptation, including conducting multi-disciplinary studies that simultaneously consider the social, economic, biophysical, and perceptional factors that are associated with adaptation, and understanding how weather variability and change influence well-being to more accurately identify which individuals, households, or communities are best able to adapt. Using these recommendations, we design a case study that examines how farmers alter their cropping strategies in response to monsoon variability in Gujarat, India. Much of our research is focused on India given that over 50% of the nation practices smallholder agriculture and is particularly sensitive to climate variability and change. Through this work, we find that farmers altered their cropping decisions in response to a delayed monsoon onset, by increasing irrigation, switching crop type, and/or delaying crop sowing, and these strategies, particularly increasing irrigation, were adaptive considering yield and profit in the year of our study. These results highlight the importance of considering farmer behavior and decision-making in models that estimate future weather and climate impacts on agricultural production. While household-level surveys allow one to assess individual-level decision-making, they are difficult to implement over large spatial and temporal scales. Thus we develop a remote sensing algorithm that quantifies cropped area of smallholder farms over large spatial and temporal scales using readily-available MODIS imagery. Given the importance of irrigation as an adaptation strategy, we link these cropped area maps with rainfall and irrigation data at the village scale across all of India to assess the relative impact of different types of irrigation (e.g. groundwater versus canal) on winter cropped area and its sensitivity to rainfall variability. Overall, we find that deep well irrigation is both associated with the greatest amount of winter cropped area, and is also the least sensitive to monsoon and winter rainfall variability. However, the relative benefit of deep well irrigation varies across India, with the largest benefits seen in the regions that are facing the greatest levels of groundwater depletion. This work highlights the critical importance of groundwater for agriculture in India, and suggests that future work should identify ways to use groundwater more efficiently, increase the recharge rate of groundwater, or improve the performance of canal irrigation in order to maintain similar levels of production in the face of climate variability and change over the upcoming decades. While this dissertation focuses on agricultural adaptation to weather variability, the methods and implications derived from this dissertation are applicable more broadly to the study of resilience and adaptive capacity of social-ecological systems to global environmental change. In a rapidly changing global system, using a multi-disciplinary, multi-scale, and coupled systems approach similar to the one employed in this dissertation will help better understand and identify possible ways to enhance the ability of societies to adapt to global environmental change.

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Pillay, Krishnee. "The social and economic impacts of the Golden Horse Casino and the Sugar Mill Casino on their respective localities in the KwaZulu-Natal province." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2864.

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The exponential growth of the gambling industry in South Africa has been the consequence of liberalized gambling laws. Casinos that were previously restricted to the homeland regions of the country have now become a common urban phenomenon that is easily accessible. Casino developments are still at an early stage of development, but the wide-scale consumption and popularity of the product has generated numerous debates over the cost and benefits associated with the industry. Whilst proponents of casino developments tend to emphasize the economic benefits, the opponents highlight the inevitable social costs, generated by the industry. The aim of this study is to determine the social and economic impacts of the Sugar Mill Casino and the Golden Horse Casino on the Mount Edgecombe and Pietermaritzburg communities respectively. These impacts have been assessed by making use of both quantitative and qualitative data sources. The findings suggests that both the Golden Horse Casino and the Sugar Mill Casino have afforded their respective communities economic benefits and growth opportunities in the form of firstly, the initial capital investment of the casinos, and secondly, by the subsequent revenues generated by the industry. However, the industry has also generated social costs that have been encountered mainly by those individuals who do not have control over their gambling practices, and are thus classified as problem gamblers. Problem gambling tendencies result in a host of psychological, financial and physical repercussions that are manifested at a personal and interpersonal level. If the casino gambling industry is expected to be of any benefit to the Pietermaritzburg and Mount Edgecombe regions, the economic gains of the industry have to be maximized whilst ensuring that the negative social cost remain minimal. Balancing these impacts remains imperative to the mutual sustainability of the casinos and their respective communities.
Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2004.

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Khandlhela, Nkhensani. "Geomorphic considerations in the deterioration of rural roads : the case of Inkandla, Indwedwe and Ga-Modjadji." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7349.

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The condition of the rural road network in South Africa is in a severe state of deterioration and remains a matter of concern for inhabitants of rural areas. Apart from heavy use, the main problem is that road development is often neglected and the main focus is placed on the geomorphic environment. The objective of this study is to identify the nature of the geomorphic constraints of vehicular access on unarmoured roads in the rural areas of KwaZulu Natal and the Limpopo Province of South Africa, and to gain a better understanding of how these function. It is hoped that some of the insights gained can then be used to inform policy decisions regarding the location and design of rural roads in the future. In this study, a number of unarmoured roads were studied in detail to identify the possible environmental constraints on vehicular access. A number of soil physical and chemical properties were used to examine the state of road degradation. These properties included particle size analysis, soil strength, Cation Exchangeable Capacity and Exchangeable Sodium Percentage. The results of the investigation of soil properties have shown that they play a significant role in road degradation. The major geomorphic factors involved in road deterioration include soil type, soil erosion and precipitation characteristics, mass movements, slope conditions and human activity. The physical characteristics, especially the soil and slope conditions, make the access roads in all study areas susceptible to soil loss. Factors such as geology, drainage and friable soils vulnerable to mass movements have been identified as seriously constraining vehicular access. Soil erosion problems in the study area are largely the result of physical and chemical properties of soils combined with steep gradients and have been identified as the primary cause of road degradation. It was further found that the socio-economic conditions, together with the anthropogenic influences such as the construction of rural access roads on vulnerable slopes, population density and the removal of vegetation cover in all the study areas have significantly enhanced road deterioration.
Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2003.

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Wittenberg, Martin Werner. "Rethinking society and space : neighbourhood, locality and region in a changing South Africa." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11305.

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Blake, Analisa. "Harvesting health: exploring the health promotion benefits of a backyard garden sharing project for vulnerable populations." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2112.

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Health promotion identifies health as a resource for daily living and emphasizes the reciprocal relationship between people and their environments in creating health (MacDonald, 2002). In this thesis. I explore how community gardening programs can be used to improve the health and well being of vulnerable populations by creating positive changes within their physical and social environments. Furthermore, I address how community gardens can educate and empower these populations to live healthier lifestyles. My research is based on the creation and exploration of a project in Victoria. BC, where homeowners share their backyard vegetable gardens with volunteer gardeners. It is a small-scale qualitative study in the tradition of ethnographic research where the aim is to enhance understanding of phenomena (Johnston, Gregory, Pratt, & Watts. 2000. p. 238). I facilitated the project and monitored the progress of three garden partnerships for six months during Victoria's long growing season in 2005. Using in-depth interviews and participant observation techniques. I was able to come to a deeper understanding of the participants' experience of the project. This thesis addresses how the project may have promoted their health and well-being with specific reference to physical, psychological and social health and well-being. Suggestions for improvements for future application of the project are also provided.

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Van, Zÿl Monique. "From the inside out : (re)presenting whiteness : conceptual considerations for South African geographers." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7670.

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This research aims to map and represent whiteness for the purposes of proposing how whiteness might be included in a critical geographical agenda. An extensive literature review is represented alongside a limited amount of personal reflection and examples from public discourse. This research tells the story of the diverse ways in which the set of social ordering processes here called whiteness, works within systems of social relations and spatial configurations to shape our experiences of and practices in space and place. These are important considerations if whiteness is to be effectively challenged in both geography as a discipline and in social and spatial relations in post-apartheid South Africa.
Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2003.

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Bordner, Richard. "Contested images of place in a multicultural context : the ahupuaʻa of Kanaio and Aʻuahi, Maui." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/9816.

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Biagioni, Karla. "Negative impact of abandoned coal mine workings on drinking water quality and the health of residents on Vancouver Island." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1760.

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The Nanaimo Coalfield was a major coal producer between 1852 and 1968. During this time, coal was mined extensively in the area of South Wellington. The quality of groundwater in South Wellington may be adversely affected as mine site abandonment causes a deterioration of the hydrological system. This thesis employed a case-control study and examined the quality of drinking water and geographic variations in health of residents in two communities on Vancouver Island, South Wellington and Cinnabar, The control group, situated in Cinnabar, derives its water from the City of Nanaimo. However private groundwater wells supply drinking water to the study group, South Wellington. Abandoned coal mine workings degrade groundwater and in turn may affect the public through non-point source pollution. Disease and ill health are more common in South Wellington than in Cinnabar. The analyses of well water samples in South Wellington have revealed high levels of total dissolved solids and total conform, aluminum, antimony, arsenic, cadmium, iron, lead, selenium, sodium and thallium. Each of these elements has been linked to various diseases and disorders and may be predictive of ill health in South Wellington.

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Swart, Elanij Chantal. "Exploring the role of water in the social dynamics of the Old Testament." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25271.

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The availability of water and subsequent systems that developed around it played an important role throughout biblical lands and their surroundings. Water’s contribution spanned across all facets of life, times of peace and war, affecting the elite and the poor. The research focuses on the different aspects of water, both in its natural and anthropogenic distribution. The combination of archaeology, anthropology, and geography explores the following questions: What can be learnt from contemporary civilisations? What social implications did water systems have on ancient Palestine’s society? Did the extent of the impact lessen once water was secured? The multidisciplinary approach aids in understanding the effect of water availability the social structures required for the creation, use, and maintenance of the different water systems. Water was, at first, a basic need for survival in rural areas, turning into a magnificent show of power of the ruling elite of ancient Palestine.
Biblical and Ancient Studies
M.A. (Biblical Archaeology)

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46

Bogale, Belew Dagnew. "Socioeconomic impacts of road development in Ethiopia : case studies of Gendewuha - Gelago, Mile - Weldiya and Ginchi - Kachisi roads." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21195.

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Like many other economic and social activities that are infrastructure-intensive, the transport sector is an important component of the economy impacting on national, regional and local development as well as the welfare of citizens. An efficient transport infrastructure provides a multitude of socioeconomic opportunities and benefits with positive multiplier effects such as better accessibility to markets, employment, education and health. If it is well managed, transport infrastructure transforms the quality of life of residents through dynamic externalities it generates. But when infrastructure is deficient in terms of capacity, efficiency or reliability, it can have unwarranted economic costs due to reduced or missed opportunities. Despite its central role in rural development, little is known about the extent and impact of the various benefits that arise from the development of roads, particularly in developing countries. A large body of literature exists documenting the spatial patterns of socioeconomic development which can be induced by road infrastructure development processes and are in most cases dynamic and temporal. The impacts of a given road infrastructure development can also be analysed at the local, regional or national perspectives. The local impact is expected to be limited to the immediate neighbourhoods of the highway including tukuls, towns and villages to be found on both sides of the road within a distance of 5kms defining the influence zone. Based on this, the main objective of this research is to assess socioeconomic impacts of road infrastructure development of three newly developed highways on their respective surrounding communities 5-10 years after the interventions. Two of the highways are gravel surfaced and one is paved type. The respective study names are: Gendewuha – Gelago road (Corridor 1), Mile – Weldiya road (Corridor 2) and Ginchi – Kachisi road (Corridor 3). Their respective lengths are 165; 125; and 105 kilometres, while the study refers 10 kilometres on both sides of the roads. The study had focused on primary data on selected variables that describe socioeconomic conditions both before and after the intervention by using mixed methods of data collection considering quasi experimental design (QED). The main methods of analysis employed are descriptive and inferential statistics. Models such as: Random model approach and double-difference regression were used. The research had utilized two types of impact analyses (temporal and spatial) for comparison and also tested by using paired sample t tests: First: for each of the three corridors, comparisons between current conditions and the situation before the road intervention and, second: comparing conditions in the zone of influence (ZOI) situated within 5kms with control zone (COZ) situated beyond 5kms which are considered not to benefit much from road improvements during the period covered by the study. The research is based on data collected from 392 household heads, 77 key informants, 69 FGD participants from seven different localities, traffic counts from seven points, physical observations, outputs of GIS analysis utilizing satellite imageries and vast secondary data. The findings show that there are more positive and less negative temporal and spatial socioeconomic impacts generated by the three corridors notwithstanding disparities among the different locations. Accordingly, the paved highway is found to have more powerful positive impacts than the gravel roads, which are of low standards and functioning poorly. The status of truck and bus terminals which should have been integrated in the highway development projects are still underdeveloped with obvious effects on the sustainability of their socioeconomic impacts in the study areas. Furthermore, certain natural and more importantly manmade factors are found to have pre-empted the realization of certain positive socioeconomic impacts to be obtained from road interventions. In a nutshell, the dissertation had proofed the importance of conducting impact evaluation in the study areas by answering the questions of ‘what works and what doesn’t? and what is the extent of the impact?; measuring the impacts and relating the changes in the dependent variables to developmental policies; investigating the positive and negative effects of road development interventions and their sustainability; producing information that is relevant from transparency and accountability perspective; and finally contributing to individual and organizational level learning that can be inspired by conducting impact evaluations from the perspectives of change theory, programme theory and central place theory. These also offer possibilities of informing decision makers as to whether to expand, or improve road development related interventions by way of programmes, projects and policies. Therefore, from the perspective of Transport Geography, it is the primary interest of the researcher to contribute towards filling the aforementioned gaps in the existing body of the knowledge in Ethiopia and elsewhere.
Geography
D. Litt. et Phil. (Geography)

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Rahim, Haseena. "The social and economic effects of the Rea Vaya Bus Rapid Transit System (BRT) in the Gauteng Province." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13753.

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This study aimed at examining the social and economic effects of the Rea Vaya Bus Rapid Transit system (BRT) on various stakeholders in Johannesburg. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect the Rea Vaya has had on users and non-users of the Rea Vaya system. The findings of this study suggest that the Rea Vaya is beneficial in that it provides an option in modes of transport for commuters, particularly for people who were historically disadvantaged and were not permitted to reside in the city during the apartheid era. BRT systems are designed to provide a safe, reliable and accessible public transport system. The Rea Vaya system is aimed at providing better public transport, reducing congestion, on public roads, improving the roads and creating jobs. The findings have shown that the Rea Vaya has not been successful in meeting all its aims. The Rea Vaya has not managed to provide an accessible transport system thus far. Traffic in the inner city has not been reduced as a modal shift has not yet occurred. Since the inception of the Rea Vaya system there has been resistance from the Taxi Industry. Despite negotiations and attempts made by the Municipality of the City of Johannesburg to include the Taxi Industry in the Rea Vaya system, by making them shareholders of the system, the findings presented affirms that there is still resentment and resistance from the Taxi Industry towards the Rea Vaya system. The loss of revenue since the introduction of the Rea Vaya has caused a challenge for Taxi owners. Not only is it alleged that the Rea Vaya has affected the Taxi Industry, but the Rea Vaya infrastructure has caused a number of problems for private car users in the City. Private car users are inconvenienced by the designated bus lanes and lack of road signage in the city. These conclusions affirm that the Rea Vaya is not beneficial to all stakeholders in the City of Johannesburg. The experiences and opinions of users and non-users suggest that the system has a number of deficiencies. However some users of the system have benefited socially and economically. For some of the users the Rea Vaya has created a few opportunities; however the poor customer service from bus drivers and station staff was seen as a setback. Transit Orientated development in Johannesburg has not yet taken off. The government’s attempts to create mixed land use through the implementation of corridors of freedom are in its infant stages. Businesses across the Rea Vaya station found the Rea Vaya to have both positive and negative effects on their businesses. Some businesses found that the development of stations have added aesthetic value, however due to the frequency of Rea Vaya buses at stations, commuters would not wait for long periods of time and this resulted in fewer customers for businesses across the Rea Vaya station. The Rea Vaya system has provided a safe and reliable transport system in Johannesburg. However, the system is in its infant stages and has a number of deficiencies as presented in the findings of this study.
Geography
M. Sc. (Geography)

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Goodenough, Claire Kathleen. "The local global nexus : a case study of Richards Bay." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3956.

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South Africa's past industrial decentralisation policies have come under intense criticism for being economically inefficient and an inappropriate means of providing employment. The result of state intervention from the 1970s in the locality of Richards Bay/Empangeni, has led to the establishment of many unlinked, globally competing industries in the area, which the local economy has come to rely heavily upon. Public as well as private organisations of the area have in place many social upliftment initiatives developed in response to the high poverty and unemployment in the area. By employing survey research techniques to collect the necessary data, this research study undertakes a social scientific approach to analysing the socio·economic impact that these industries and large firms have had on the area and documents the current social investment initiatives they have in place. Local Economic Development (LED) initiatives, as a pro-poor response to community upliftment, are firmly placed in the local municipality's LED strategy, and from which, the area now receives considerable benefit. Results show that there is a positive public·private partnership approach to local development in the area with all sectors being actively involved in community benefit and poverty alleviation initiatives.
Thesis (M.A)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2003.

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Desta, Getachew Demissie. "Highland-lowland linkages and its implications on the livelihood of the communities in Ethiopia : the case of Bale Administrative Zone, Oromia Region, Southeast Ethiopia." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26377.

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Historically, development in Ethiopia, is a result of intimate highland-lowland interdependencies and complementarities. However, over the course of time, this age-old equilibrium that has harmoniously ruled the economic, social and political life of the highland and lowland communities is getting weaker. This study aimed at investigating the nature and extent of links between the highland and lowland communities of Bale administrative zone and the consequent impacts on their livelihoods. Multi-stage cluster sampling techniques were employed to select 403 sample household heads from the two agro-ecological regions. Questionnaire, interview, FGD and field observations were used as tools of primary data collection. ANOVA, multiple linear regressions ans binary logistic regression were used to analize the quantitative data. Accordingly, the findings of the study indicated that the overwhelming majority (82.2%) of the respondents witnessed the presence of interaction with the adjacent agro-ecological communities. It was identified that highlanders and lowlanders of the zone are interlinked ecologically, economically, socio-culturally and politically. However, due to diminishing of ecological resources, inadequacy of agricultural products and gradual development of resentments between various socio-cultural groups, the status of the linkage is not to the level expected in the study area. In some instances, it steered them to conflict driven by various factors of natural resources, socio-economic and political elements which in turn resulted in humanitarian, social, economic and environmental consequences. Notwithstanding its devastating impacts, both the highland and lowland communities employed the legal and indigenous conflict resolution strategies to curb the problem. Hence, as both the highlanders and lowlanders are vulnerable to some sorts of stresses, seasonality and shocks, strengthening complementarities between them would have invaluable contribution for building resilient livelihoods of both communities, particularly the highly vulnerable lowlanders.
Geography
Ph. D. (Geography)

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Harrison, Phillipa Anne. "The role of tourism in natural resource management in the Okavango Delta, Botswana." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3427.

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In recent years the use of tourism as a development strategy by Third World governments has increased, resulting in the intersection of international tourism and local resource utilisation patterns. The aim of this thesis is to critically assess the impact of tourism in the utilisation and management of natural resources in the Okavango Delta in Botswana. More specifically, the study appraises the current state of tourism and natural resource utilisation and management in the Okavango Delta; assesses the past and present forms of resource utilisation practised by the local inhabitants scattered throughout the Delta area; focuses on the implementation of government policy regarding resource use; highlights past and present relationships between tourism and resource utilisation; and examines the impact of tourism on the areas resources, environment and local inhabitants. Research has shown that the Okavango Delta, which is Botswana's primary tourism area, is faced with a number of social, economic and environmental challenges. These include extreme levels of poverty, especially in the rural areas; lack of infrastructure; competition over land and resources; growing regional inequality; social degradation; increased imports leading to foreign exchange leakages; changes in subsistence strategies and increased 'rural-urban' .migration; and the loss of control of the region by the local population to the global tourism system. The Okavango Delta is in the process of undergoing a change from traditional, rural, subsistence economies and livelihoods to capitalist, commercial-driven economic structures. In the Okavango Delta, as in many places around the world, people are in the process of being integrated into national level political, social and economic institutions, both within and outside of their control. The creation of employment for the local population, the sustainable use of the Delta and its resources, the development of the local agricultural industry, the continued growth of the tourism industry, and striking a balance between the conservation/preservation of the Okavango and meeting the water requirement needs of Angola, Namibia, and Botswana's growing populations are amongst the key concerns present in the area. 11 Tourism in the Okavango Delta is directly dependent upon the utilisation of the region's natural resources of wildlife, water and natural vegetation areas for the industry. As such, tourism has increasingly impacted upon the way, and degree to which, these resources are managed and utilised, hence being identified as a key factor effecting the resource sector. If the Government of Botswana is to develop a tourism industry which fosters environmental and natural resource preservation, rather than maintaining a heavy dependence on limited and fragile resources, a better understanding of the relationship between the two sectors is necessary. Enhancing the positive linkages between tourism and natural resource utilisation in the Okavango Delta region represents an important means to stimulate increased natural resource and environmental protection, and improve the distribution of tourism benefits to rural communities. amongst the key concerns present in the area. Tourism in the Okavango Delta is directly dependent upon the utilisation of the region's natural resources of wildlife, water and natural vegetation areas for the industry. As such, tourism has increasingly impacted upon the way, and degree to which, these resources are managed and utilised, hence being identified as a key factor effecting the resource sector. If the Government of Botswana is to develop a tourism industry which fosters environmental and natural resource preservation, rather than maintaining a heavy dependence on limited and fragile resources, a better understanding of the relationship between the two sectors is necessary. Enhancing the positive linkages between tourism and natural resource utilisation in the Okavango Delta region represents an important means to stimulate increased natural resource and environmental protection, and improve the distribution of tourism benefits to rural communities.
Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Social aspects of Discoveries in geography'

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