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Journal articles on the topic 'Social aspects of Face'
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1
Quinn, Paul C., Kang Lee, and Olivier Pascalis. "Face Processing in Infancy and Beyond: The Case of Social Categories." Annual Review of Psychology 70, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 165–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-102753.
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Prior reviews of infant face processing have emphasized how infants respond to faces in general. This review highlights how infants come to respond differentially to social categories of faces based on differential experience, with a focus on race and gender. We examine six different behaviors: preference, recognition, scanning, category formation, association with emotion, and selective learning. Although some aspects of infant responding to face race and gender may be accounted for by traditional models of perceptual development, other aspects suggest the need for a broader model that links perceptual development with social and emotional development. We also consider how responding to face race and gender in infancy may presage responding to these categories beyond infancy and discuss how social biases favoring own-race and female faces are formed.
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Little, Anthony C., Benedict C. Jones, and Lisa M. DeBruine. "The many faces of research on face perception." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1571 (June 12, 2011): 1634–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0386.
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Face perception is fundamental to human social interaction. Many different types of important information are visible in faces and the processes and mechanisms involved in extracting this information are complex and can be highly specialized. The importance of faces has long been recognized by a wide range of scientists. Importantly, the range of perspectives and techniques that this breadth has brought to face perception research has, in recent years, led to many important advances in our understanding of face processing. The articles in this issue on face perception each review a particular arena of interest in face perception, variously focusing on (i) the social aspects of face perception (attraction, recognition and emotion), (ii) the neural mechanisms underlying face perception (using brain scanning, patient data, direct stimulation of the brain, visual adaptation and single-cell recording), and (iii) comparative aspects of face perception (comparing adult human abilities with those of chimpanzees and children). Here, we introduce the central themes of the issue and present an overview of the articles.
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Turcanu, C., T. Perko, S. Baudé, G. Hériard-Dubreuil, N. Zeleznik, D. Oughton, Y. Tomkiv, et al. "Social, ethical and communication aspects of uncertainty management." Radioprotection 55 (May 2020): S145—S149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2020024.
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The European project CONFIDENCE identified, conceptualised and addressed social uncertainties through a multi-method research approach. The research highlighted the uncertainties faced by publics, emergency management actors and decision-makers in nuclear emergencies and during the recovery phase. It showed that nuclear emergency management is dominated by decisions under uncertainties, that non-experts face also different uncertainties than experts, that emergency plans need a (continuous) reality check and that sound communication, openness and transparency about uncertainties may contribute to better decisions. It also suggests that national emergency response and recovery policies should consider and support the capacity of local actors to deal with an emergency or post-accident situation, for instance by carrying out their own measurements. This way, social uncertainties can be addressed and in some situations reduced, and the communication improved.
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Qalbis, Nur. "FACE POLITENESS OF MAKASSAR PEOPLE." IJLECR - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE EDUCATION AND CULTURE REVIEW 4, no. 1 (June 29, 2018): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/ijlecr.041.02.
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This research explains faculty aspects among Makassar tribe community in South Sulawesi. The objective is to provide an understanding of Makassar facilitation aspect in Gowa district. This study describes the form of expressions related to the concept of face (self-esteem, image) that is loss of face, face thickness, and face search of speech acts in the community. Face has two aspects: positive face and negative face. This research uses qualitative approach, methods with observation, interview, and recording techniques. The results of this study indicate that there is a shift in the concept of Makassar society face that this is influenced by the level of social, education, and gender. Social status here is no longer influential in preserving the concept of the face. This is because there is a shift between the social statue bangsawa no longer care about it, let alone the young. Furthermore, the level of education, that the higher the education then they will maintain the concept of face in interacting with each other in the community. Finally, sex also determines facial or facial salvation in communicating, compared with male women are very maintaining the concept of advance in communicating and interacting in the community.
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Petrakova, A. V., Yu V. Mikadze, and V. V. Raabe. "Methodological Aspects of Studying the Perception of Familiar and Unfamiliar Faces." Experimental Psychology (Russia) 14, no. 2 (2021): 4–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2021140201.
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Face perception, one of most important social abilities, can be defined as the ability to perceive the face as a gestalt, along with all its parts and the relations between them. This face specific strategy has been called “configural processing”. One of actual trends in face cognition research — using of unfamiliar faces without nonspecific features — leads to controversy, whether this kind of stimulus material demonstrate ecological validity. In present, we propose a verification option using the experimental paradigm “part-whole recogni- tion” (successful detection of face details when presented in the context of a whole face). This classic effect was demonstrated using unfamiliar faces, with nonspecific details, and after the learning phase. After some modifications of this paradigm — using of unfamiliar faces without nonspecific features and without a series of familiarization — the effect disappears. The question is, whether the familiarization phase, or nonspecific features predict configural processing. We have shown that the main parameter is the absence of nonspecific features. The results may be helpful for planning future research.
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Hessels, Roy S. "How does gaze to faces support face-to-face interaction? A review and perspective." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 27, no. 5 (May 4, 2020): 856–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-020-01715-w.
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Abstract Gaze—where one looks, how long, and when—plays an essential part in human social behavior. While many aspects of social gaze have been reviewed, there is no comprehensive review or theoretical framework that describes how gaze to faces supports face-to-face interaction. In this review, I address the following questions: (1) When does gaze need to be allocated to a particular region of a face in order to provide the relevant information for successful interaction; (2) How do humans look at other people, and faces in particular, regardless of whether gaze needs to be directed at a particular region to acquire the relevant visual information; (3) How does gaze support the regulation of interaction? The work reviewed spans psychophysical research, observational research, and eye-tracking research in both lab-based and interactive contexts. Based on the literature overview, I sketch a framework for future research based on dynamic systems theory. The framework holds that gaze should be investigated in relation to sub-states of the interaction, encompassing sub-states of the interactors, the content of the interaction as well as the interactive context. The relevant sub-states for understanding gaze in interaction vary over different timescales from microgenesis to ontogenesis and phylogenesis. The framework has important implications for vision science, psychopathology, developmental science, and social robotics.
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Adams, Reginald B., Daniel N. Albohn, and Kestutis Kveraga. "Social Vision: Applying a Social-Functional Approach to Face and Expression Perception." Current Directions in Psychological Science 26, no. 3 (June 2017): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721417706392.
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A social-functional approach to face processing comes with a number of assumptions. First, given that humans possess limited cognitive resources, it assumes that we naturally allocate attention to processing and integrating the most adaptively relevant social cues. Second, from these cues, we make behavioral forecasts about others in order to respond in an efficient and adaptive manner. This assumption aligns with broader ecological accounts of vision that highlight a direct action-perception link, even for nonsocial vision. Third, humans are naturally predisposed to process faces in this functionally adaptive manner. This latter contention is implied by our attraction to dynamic aspects of the face, including looking behavior and facial expressions, from which we tend to overgeneralize inferences, even when forming impressions of stable traits. The functional approach helps to address how and why observers are able to integrate functionally related compound social cues in a manner that is ecologically relevant and thus adaptive.
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Majerová, Věra. "Social Aspects Of Rural Community Development." Acta Regionalia et Environmentalica 12, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aree-2015-0003.
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Abstract A well-balanced relationship between economic and social progress is the main prerequisite of rural community stability. Economic development is influenced by many factors. Some of these are statistically discoverable and quantifiable, while others, which fall within the sphere of social relations and their identification, are more difficult to measure and interpret. Czech rural areas face many problems which arise from their specific features – socio-demographic structure, job possibility of various social groups, provision of the proper level of public services, transport accessibility, etc. However, there is no direct connection between economic factors and mutual relations within the rural community. Values, opinions and the behavioural patterns of people are immediately displayed in a locality, but their character is shaped by the regional and national assumptions of every stage of development. Contributions are drawn from the accessible literature and secondary data of empirical research projects.
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Pandya, Samta. "‘Social’ Face of the Brahmakumaris in India." Fieldwork in Religion 8, no. 1 (October 29, 2013): 50–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/firn.v8i1.50.
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Based on fieldwork, this article analyses the Brahmakumaris movement in India in terms of its contemporary perspectives and praxis nuances. The focus is that its contemporary stance is a mix of millenarianism, simultaneous accommodation-assimilation and subtle exclusivity. Commencing with a brief overview of the charisma, genesis and cultural geographies, the contemporary perspectives and visions on society, stratification, ethics and transformation have been discussed. These include the re-interpretations reflecting in ontology and epistemology, through the Raja Yoga propositions; in cosmology and historicity, through the world tree concept; and, an eventual instrumentalism and “New Age-ification” in praxis. Woven intermittently is the critique of the epistemological hybrid. The “social” angle in praxis nuances comes through aspects of volition, prescriptivism and doctrinarism, and the institutionalized endeavours. The political economy of practice through dimensions of memory and oblivion which determine the operational style has been deliberated. The new thematic and methodological insights gained from fieldwork have been discussed.
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Arundale, Robert B. "Is face the best metaphor? / ¿Es imagen social la mejor metáfora?" Pragmática Sociocultural / Sociocultural Pragmatics 1, no. 2 (November 1, 2013): 282–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/soprag-2013-0012.
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Abstract Because the term “face” is used so frequently in research in language pragmatics, one overlooks the fact that it is a metaphor. This article questions whether face is the best metaphor to use in representing either the phenomena that Goffman (1955) examined, or the broad range of social practices for relating to others in using language that are evident across cultural groups. As background for questioning the viability of the metaphor of face, this article argues that the individual and social aspects of human existence form a Yin and Yang dialectic, employs this dialectic to identify three modes of explaining pragmatic phenomena, and considers both the nature of metaphors and how they afford and constrain understandings of these phenomena and conducting research on them. Using this background, the article argues that the metaphor of face has focused theory and research on the individual aspects of human existence, so that its fundamental social aspects have been overlooked and/or inadequately addressed. Exploring and employing alternatives to the metaphor of face has important benefits for theory and for research, especially if those alternative metaphors are fitted to the particular communities of practice that one is studying.
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GIULIANI, Luisa, Alexandra REVEZ, Jörgen SPARF, Suranga JAYASENA, and Michael Havbro FABER. "SOCIAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DISASTER RESILIENCE." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 20, no. 3 (July 19, 2016): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2016.1185477.
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Large scale projects tasked with designing infrastructures and urban networks resilient to disasters face a common challenge, i.e. the need to address concomitant technological issues and social problems. What is more, conflicting technologies and the diverse philosophical underpinnings of distinct academic disciplines pose difficulties in the collaboration among experts of different fields. These difficulties and possible ways to tackle them have been highlighted by a questionnaire developed in the framework of an EU project named ANDRDD (Academic Network for Disaster Resilience to optimize Educational development). More specifically, the project investigated the level of interdisciplinary work in current research and educational projects within the field of disaster resilience. findings illustrate the number and types of disciplines involved in disaster resilience projects and suggest that a higher degree of integration between different disciplines in tertiary education could promote a transdisciplinary approach to disaster resilience, resulting in design efficiency and innovation.
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Moral-Toranzo, Félix. "The Internet as a framework for communication and social interaction." Comunicar 16, no. 32 (March 1, 2009): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c32-2009-03-005.
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This article addresses social interaction on the Internet using an online questionnaire. The sociodemographic characteristics are analysed as well as the web users habits and relationships. The Internet is a social interactive place where personal relationships among users develop into important aspects of their lives. These relationships develop in different ways to relationships where people meet face to face. Also, motivation and the consequences of maintaining a personal relationships reflect, different results when comparing the web users gender and marital status. En este trabajo se estudian las interacciones sociales en Internet, a partir de las respuestas de un cuestionario on-line. Se analizan las características sociodemográficas, los hábitos y las relaciones de estos usuarios en la Red. Internet se manifiesta como un espacio de interacción social, en el que las relaciones personales han tenido lugar en una gran mayoría de usuarios. Estas relaciones se muestran, en algunos aspectos, de forma diferente a las que tienen lugar cara a cara. Asimismo, las motivaciones y las consecuencias de mantener relaciones personales reflejan resultados diferentes con relación al sexo y al estado civil de los internautas.
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Lewis, Jacqueline, Diane H. Coursol, Karin Lindstrom Bremer, and Oleksandr Komarenko. "Alienation Among College Students and Attitudes Toward Face-to-Face and Online Counseling: Implications for Student Learning." Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology 14, no. 1 (2015): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1945-8959.14.1.28.
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This study examined the relationship between 3 aspects of alienation: powerlessness, meaninglessness, and social estrangement, and attitudes toward face-to-face and online counseling among college students. Participants included 180 undergraduate students at a Midwestern university. Correlations indicated a significant relationship between discomfort with face-to-face counseling and powerlessness (r = .20, p = .008) and meaninglessness (r = .22, p = .003). There were no significant relationships between attitudes toward online counseling and any aspect of alienation. Significant gender differences in value toward face-to-face counseling were found. Higher education should examine the use of online counseling among college students.
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Jacobsen, Stephanie, and Nora Ganim Barnes. "On Being Social: How Social Identity Impacts Social Commerce for the Millennial Shopper." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 3, no. 4 (2017): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.34.1005.
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Millennials are a technologically sophisticated generation, who have the purchasing power to change the face of retailing. A significant proportion of their shopping is done online and they utilize their social networks while engaging in the shopping process- a current area of interest termed “social commerce”. No single group is better positioned to take advantage of social commerce, and yet, it’s possible that Millennials are participating in social networks and online shopping in order to better define their social identities. This study summarizes data from three years of longitudinal research into the use of social media by Millennials on three platforms: Facebook, Twitter and Pinterest. The results show that Millennials prefer to utilize the identity shaping aspects of social media and commerce. We recommend that platforms allow more identity formation in order to increase the likelihood that Millennials not only use the platform, but also make purchases through them.
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Kos, Agnieszka, and Bogna Gudowska. "LEGAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY." International Journal of Legal Studies ( IJOLS ) 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 459–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7429.
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The article concerns one of the most popular phenomena in the business currently, which is corporate social responsibility (Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR). Its authors discuss the legal dimension of CSR and the attempts to define it in European documents and international standards. The analysis focuses on the SA 8000, ISO 26000 and AA 1000 standards. The article also discusses the economic dimension of CSR as a part of the company's strategy, especially in the face of growing trends related to sustainable economic development, growing consumer awareness and the need to address the socio-ethical issues of production or trade. It is also proposed to divide the economic aspects of CSR by their tangibility or intangibility. The impact of CSR on the financial results of enterprises is also discussed.
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Basso, Frédéric, and Olivier Oullier. "“Smile down the phone”: Extending the effects of smiles to vocal social interactions." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 33, no. 6 (December 2010): 435–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x10001469.
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AbstractThe SIMS model offers an embodied perspective to cognition and behaviour that can be applied to organizational studies. This model enriches behavioural and brain research conducted by social scientists onemotional work(also known asemotional labour) by including the key role played by body-related aspects in interpersonal exchanges. Nevertheless, one could also study a more vocal aspect to smiling as illustrated by the development of “smile down the phone” strategies in organizations. We propose to gather face-to-face and voice-to-voice interactions in an embodied perspective taking into account Lakoff and Johnson's (1980) theory of conceptual metaphors.
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Campos, Luiz Fernando de Barros. "Social information." Transinformação 25, no. 2 (August 2013): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-37862013000200006.
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Based on Erving Goffman's work, the article aims to discuss a definition of information centered on the type conveyed by individuals in a multimodal way, encompassing language and body in situations of co-presence, where face-to-face interaction occurs, and influencing inter-subjective formation of the self. Six types of information are highlighted: material information, expressive information, ritualized information, meta-information, strategic information, and information displays. It is argued that the construction of this empirical object tends to dissolve the tension among material, cognitive and pragmatic aspects, constituting an example of the necessary integration among them. Some vulnerable characteristics of the theory are critically mentioned and it is suggested that the concept of information displays could provide a platform to approach the question of the interaction order in its relations with the institutional and social orders, and consequently, to reassess the scope of the notion of social information analyzed.
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Foster, Mary Ellen. "Natural language generation for social robotics: opportunities and challenges." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1771 (March 11, 2019): 20180027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0027.
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In the increasingly popular and diverse research area of social robotics, the primary goal is to develop robot agents that exhibit socially intelligent behaviour while interacting in a face-to-face context with human partners. An important aspect of face-to-face social conversation is fluent, flexible linguistic interaction; face-to-face dialogue is both the basic form of human communication and the richest and most flexible, combining unrestricted verbal expression with meaningful non-verbal acts such as gestures and facial displays, along with instantaneous, continuous collaboration between the speaker and the listener. In practice, however, most developers of social robots tend not to use the full possibilities of the unrestricted verbal expression afforded by face-to-face conversation; instead, they generally tend to employ relatively simplistic processes for choosing the words for their robots to say. This contrasts with the work carried out Natural Language Generation (NLG), the field of computational linguistics devoted to the automated production of high-quality linguistic content; while this research area is also an active one, in general most effort in NLG is focused on producing high-quality written text. This article summarizes the state of the art in the two individual research areas of social robotics and natural language generation. It then discusses the reasons why so few current social robots make use of more sophisticated generation techniques. Finally, an approach is proposed to bringing some aspects of NLG into social robotics, concentrating on techniques and tools that are most appropriate to the needs of socially interactive robots. This article is part of the theme issue ‘From social brains to social robots: applying neurocognitive insights to human–robot interaction’.
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Sianipar, Corinthias Pamatang Morgana, Kiyoshi Dowaki, Gatot Yudoko, and Akbar Adhiutama. "Seven Pillars of Survivability: Appropriate Technology with a Human Face." European Journal of Sustainable Development 2, no. 4 (April 1, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2013.v2n4p1.
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There were evidence for the inappropriateness of just three pillars of sustainability whenengineers have attempted to construct appropriate technology for underdevelopedcommunities. Engineers from developed countries have tended to conduct technologicaladaptations by treating communities as objects, rather than engaging them as subjects ofdevelopment. As objects, communities could not decide what they wanted to be and wereeven forced into systematic development that was more likely to benefit the developedcountries. However, as subjects, communities can determine their own sustainability andachieve survivability. In this study, seven pillars of survivability are outlined: technical,economic, environmental, social, cultural, judicial, and political. The first three aretangible aspects, and the last three are intangible. The social aspect is the intermediary, thebridge to emerging technological appropriateness. Tangible aspects can be measurednumerically, whereas the intangible ones cannot. The tangible and intermediate aspectsare what engineers must address, and both the intermediate and the intangible ones arewhat they must address specifically to diffuse appropriate technology into local dailyroutines. Tiers of technological appropriateness are also provided to understand theposition of a designed appropriate technology in terms of survivability levels. A holisticapproach that takes these pillars into account will empower communities to reach self-survivability beyond sustainability.
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Pereira, Ana Karine, Marília Silva Oliveira, and Thiago da Silva Sampaio. "Asymmetries of state government social distancing policies in the face of COVID-19: political and technical-administrative aspects." Revista de Administração Pública 54, no. 4 (August 2020): 678–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-761220200323x.
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Resumo Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar a liderança dos governos estaduais brasileiros na implementação de políticas de distanciamento social para o enfrentamento da disseminação da COVID-19. Pressupõe-se que as políticas de distanciamento social são heterogêneas, apesar da liderança dos governos, ou seja, apresentam certo grau de assimetria nas restrições do funcionamento do comércio e de atividades com potencial de aglomeração de pessoas. Diante disso, foram combinados os debates sobre processo de produção de políticas públicas e sobre autonomia e federalismo, para investigar a influência dos fatores políticos ou técnico-administrativos nas políticas estaduais. Os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos foram utilizados: análise de conteúdo de 134 normativas estaduais; mapeamento do alinhamento político-partidário dos governadores estaduais ao presidente da República; análise dos recursos médico-hospitalares de cada unidade da federação baseada no Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES). O contexto emergencial revelou baixa coordenação interfederativa pelo governo federal, provocando uma competição entre entes federativos e forte liderança estadual na gestão da crise no âmbito local. A pesquisa mostra, por um lado, que as decisões sobre as políticas de distanciamento social não podem ser explicadas por fatores políticos; e por outro, a correspondência entre a capacidade do sistema de saúde local e o nível de rigor das políticas de distanciamento social. Conclui-se que, na atual situação de transtorno social intenso, preferiu-se a racionalidade técnica a barganhas políticas.
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Bervell, Brandford, Irfan Naufal Umar, Jeya Amantha Kumar, Beatrice Asante Somuah, and Valentina Arkorful. "Blended Learning Acceptance Scale (BLAS) in Distance Higher Education: Toward an Initial Development and Validation." SAGE Open 11, no. 3 (July 2021): 215824402110400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211040073.
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The adoption of blended mode of e-learning is dominant basically because of the affordances of the combination of both the benefits of online and face-to-face sessions. In view of this, most traditional distance education institutions have acquired Learning Management System (LMS) for online learning to support the face-to-face aspect of lesson delivery to satisfy the blended mode. This has induced research into the acceptance of blended learning from both tutors’ and students’ perspectives. However, the gap in the literature is that, most of these researches employ instruments that measure only the LMS-based online aspect or the technology of the blended mode leaving the face-to-face aspect relegated. To fill the gap, data were collected from 267 tutors based on a cross-sectional survey design with the questionnaire as the instrument. The result was a development and validation through a partial least squares structural equation modeling of a Blended Learning Acceptance Scale (BLAS) that combines both LMS-based online learning and face-to-face aspects to measure blended learning acceptance in distance higher education.
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Bacchini, Fabio, and Ludovica Lorusso. "A tattoo is not a face. Ethical aspects of tattoo-based biometrics." Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 16, no. 2 (May 14, 2018): 110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jices-05-2017-0029.
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Purpose This study aims to explore the ethical and social issues of tattoo recognition technology (TRT) and tattoo similarity detection technology (TSDT), which are expected to be increasingly used by state and local police departments and law enforcement agencies. Design/methodology/approach The paper investigates the new ethical concerns raised by tattoo-based biometrics on a comparative basis with face-recognition biometrics. Findings TRT raises much more ethically sensitive issues than face recognition, because tattoos are meaningful biometric traits, and tattoo identification is tantamount to the identification of many more personal features that normally would have remained invisible. TSDT’s assumption that classifying people in virtue of their visible features is useful to foretell their attitudes and behaviours is dangerously similar to racist thought. Practical implications The findings hope to promote an active debate on the ethical and social aspects of tattoo-based biometrics before it is intensely implemented by law enforcement agencies. Social implications Tattooed individuals – inasmuch as they are more controlled and monitored – are negatively discriminated in comparison to un-tattooed individuals. As tattooing is not uniformly distributed among population, many demographic groups like African–Americans will be overrepresented in tattoos databases used by TRT and TSDT, thus being affected by disproportionately higher risk to be found as a match for a given suspect. Originality/value TRT and TSDT represent one of the new frontiers of biometrics. The ethical and social issues raised by TRT and TSDT are currently unexplored.
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Tate, Andrew J., Hanno Fischer, Andrea E. Leigh, and Keith M. Kendrick. "Behavioural and neurophysiological evidence for face identity and face emotion processing in animals." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 361, no. 1476 (November 6, 2006): 2155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1937.
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Visual cues from faces provide important social information relating to individual identity, sexual attraction and emotional state. Behavioural and neurophysiological studies on both monkeys and sheep have shown that specialized skills and neural systems for processing these complex cues to guide behaviour have evolved in a number of mammals and are not present exclusively in humans. Indeed, there are remarkable similarities in the ways that faces are processed by the brain in humans and other mammalian species. While human studies with brain imaging and gross neurophysiological recording approaches have revealed global aspects of the face-processing network, they cannot investigate how information is encoded by specific neural networks. Single neuron electrophysiological recording approaches in both monkeys and sheep have, however, provided some insights into the neural encoding principles involved and, particularly, the presence of a remarkable degree of high-level encoding even at the level of a specific face. Recent developments that allow simultaneous recordings to be made from many hundreds of individual neurons are also beginning to reveal evidence for global aspects of a population-based code. This review will summarize what we have learned so far from these animal-based studies about the way the mammalian brain processes the faces and the emotions they can communicate, as well as associated capacities such as how identity and emotion cues are dissociated and how face imagery might be generated. It will also try to highlight what questions and advances in knowledge still challenge us in order to provide a complete understanding of just how brain networks perform this complex and important social recognition task.
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Tkachenko, Oleksandr, and Myroslav Boiko. "Some Aspects of Face Recognition: Models, Algorithms, Methods, Systems, Applications." Digital Platform: Information Technologies in Sociocultural Sphere 4, no. 1 (July 2, 2021): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31866/2617-796x.4.1.2021.236949.
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The purpose of the article is to research, analyze and consider the general problems and prospects of using existing approaches to face recognition (areas of application, features and differences). The research methodology consists of semantic analysis methods of the basic concepts in this subject area (theory and practice of pattern recognition, in particular, facial images). The article considers the existing approaches to the development of systems for face recognition. The novelty of the research is the solution of facial recognition problems to determine access rights and authentication. Conclusions. The existing problems analyzed and the prospects for using facial recognition algorithms are becoming more accurate. Facial recognition has become an important part of artificial intelligence because it is used in social media, digital cameras and smart home automation.
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Patel, Ibrahim, Raghavendra Kulkarni, and Dr P. Nageswar Rao. "Robust Singular Value Decomposition Algorithm for Unique Faces." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 4, no. 2 (June 21, 2018): 596–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v4i2c1.4178.
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It has been read and also seen by physical encounters that there found to be seven near resembling humans by appearance .Many a times one becomes confused with respect to identification of such near resembling faces when one encounters them. The recognition of familiar faces plays a fundamental role in our social interactions. Humans are able to identify reliably a large number of faces and psychologists are interested in understanding the perceptual and cognitive mechanisms at the base of the face recognition process. As it is needed that an automated face recognition system should be faces specific, it should effectively use features that discriminate a face from others by preferably amplifying distinctive characteristics of face. Face recognition has drawn wide attention from researchers in areas of machine learning, computer vision, pattern recognition, neural networks, access control, information security, law enforcement and surveillance, smart cards etc. The paper shows that the most resembling faces can be recognized by having a unique value per face under different variations. Certain image transformations, such as intensity negation, strange viewpoint changes, and changes in lighting direction can severely disrupt human face recognition. It has been said again and again by research scholars that SVD algorithm is not good enough to classify faces under large variations but this paper proves that the SVD algorithm is most robust algorithm and can be proved effective in identifying faces under large variations as applicable to unique faces. This paper works on these aspects and tries to recognize the unique faces by applying optimized SVD algorithm.
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Khalifa, Shaden A. M., Mahmoud M. Swilam, Aida A. Abd El-Wahed, Ming Du, Haged H. R. El-Seedi, Guoyin Kai, Saad H. D. Masry, et al. "Beyond the Pandemic: COVID-19 Pandemic Changed the Face of Life." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (May 25, 2021): 5645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115645.
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The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious challenge for societies around the globe as entire populations have fallen victim to the infectious spread and have taken up social distancing. In many countries, people have had to self-isolate and to be confined to their homes for several weeks to months to prevent the spread of the virus. Social distancing measures have had both negative and positive impacts on various aspects of economies, lifestyles, education, transportation, food supply, health, social life, and mental wellbeing. On other hands, due to reduced population movements and the decline in human activities, gas emissions decreased and the ozone layer improved; this had a positive impact on Earth’s weather and environment. Overall, the COVID-19 pandemic has negative effects on human activities and positive impacts on nature. This study discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on different life aspects including the economy, social life, health, education, and the environment.
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Arndt, Natasha, and Luzelle Naudé. "Responsibility in the Face of Adversity." Youth & Society 52, no. 2 (November 27, 2017): 288–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x17743992.
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The aim of this study was to explore Black South African adolescents’ sense of self as it emerges through their direct and indirect environments. Black African adolescents ( N = 57; 52.63% male; 47.37% female) participated in eight focus groups, which were analyzed thematically. The emphasis fell on the interconnectedness and interdependency between individuals and social systems. The importance of family and peer relations, as well as the juxtaposed needs of belonging and separation, was also reiterated. This research highlighted adolescents’ awareness regarding the importance of reciprocity and interdependence in relationships. Not only was the need for having role models articulated, but also for being role models. They were acutely aware of the sacrifices made (especially by their parents) investing in their development, and were feeling responsible for “paying back” (to their family and community). Due to bearing this responsibility, education and scholarship were viewed as essential aspects of adolescents’ sense of self.
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Watkins, Matthew. "Defining the Social Dimension of Sustainability in Product Design." Key Engineering Materials 572 (September 2013): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.572.24.
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This paper presents a summary of a larger study into the formulation of a set of criteria for consideration of the Social criteria of Sustainable Product Design (SPD). A multidisciplinary literature review was conducted, which was developed further through semi structured interviews with nine experts in the field of sustainable design education. These interviews were conducted face to face and responses were analysed using the coding and clustering technique. A list of criteria was refined and these were used to inform a doctoral study which considered effective teaching and learning methods in the social aspects of SPD.
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Kovalenko, Vitalii, Nataliya Kovalenko, Oleksandr Labenko, Oleksandr Faichuk, and Olha Faichuk. "Bioenergy sustainable development: achieving the balance between social and economic aspects." E3S Web of Conferences 154 (2020): 07008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015407008.
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At the beginning of the third Millennium, humanity is forced to face a new surge of tensions and contradictions between different countries and peoples, between different parties and faiths, as well as the growth of environmental, economic and social problems both in different regions of the world and on a global scale. These phenomena are the result of the exhaustion of socio-economic forms of development of society within the existing natural resource and environmental conditions. An increasing number of people and states are experiencing an acute shortage not only in quality food, but also in quality water, clean air, energy, land, biological and other resources. After all, according to some scientists over the past hundred years, the consumption of natural resources by mankind has increased almost 100 times. For the first time in the history of mankind, resource and environmental crises have reached the biosphere borders and there is a danger to the existence of civilization. Humanity faces a global challenge, the correct solution of which will result on the lives of our descendants in the future. The common task for all is to preserve the biosphere as the habitat of mankind. Further increase of material and energy flows becomes impossible, as well as further satisfaction of the needs of new billions of people who will be added to the total population. Humanity is on the threshold of a new socio-economic formation, as neither a centrally managed economy nor a market economy has been able to solve the global environmental problems of our planet.
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Erickson, G. Scott, Kurt Komaromi, and Fahri Unsal. "Social Networks and Trust in e-Commerce." International Journal of Dependable and Trustworthy Information Systems 1, no. 1 (January 2010): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdtis.2010010103.
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Online retailing has always had trust issues because of the absence of face-to-face contact and other contextual factors that usually enhance confidence in an exchange. Over the years, institutional credibility solutions such as external certifications, user reviews, and brand building activities have helped to build trust in virtual environments, resulting in the recent rapid growth of e-tailing. With the advent of Web 2.0, and especially social networking sites, firms are looking at new avenues to connect with consumers. This paper compares trust levels and more specific aspects of trust across various items related to institutional credibility and community. The data suggest that users perceive differences in websites and that these perceptions influence their trust in those sites.
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Pereira da Silva Júnior, Gildázio, and Dr Flávio de São Pedro Filho. "RESILIENCE IN THE FACE OF SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 12 (December 31, 2019): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss12.2026.
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The dynamics of the systems present in the Amazon require a detailed view of the aspects involving human actions and their consequent interactions with the forest. The impacts caused by this relationship have been the subject of numerous studies aimed at understanding the responsiveness to these impacts, risks, and vulnerabilities of the environment subject to risk factors. The general goal of this paper is to conduct a theoretical and conceptual study on resilience in the face of socioenvironmental impacts in the Brazilian Western Amazon. The specific goals are to contextualize the concepts of situational resilience in the face of environmental impacts, to address the main definitions of environmental impacts in the Amazon, and analyze the approach in the face of the Amazon environmental heritage. Regarding the problem, the following question was proposed: how is resilience characterized in the face of social and environmental impacts? In order to answer this question, a theoretical-conceptual review based on the Contingency Theory was conducted to support the conclusions. In order to reach this goal, we sought the conceptualization of resilience in the face of environmental impacts, the search for the main definitions of environmental impacts in the Brazilian Amazon and some concepts about the Amazonian environmental heritage in a qualitative approach by collecting data through qualitative research for further analysis of the problem and literature review, in order to build knowledge for the theoretical foundation using the Contingency Theory, which springs from environmental conditions to actions that minimize the impacts of human action.
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Souza, Fernando da Cruz, Nelson Russo de Moraes, Ana Maria Quiqueto, and Vitor Bini Teodoro. "COVID-19 AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLES: Aspects of social security." Revista Observatório 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): a12en. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/uft.2447-4266.2020v6n2a12en.
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The conditions of socioeconomic and biological vulnerability of indigenous peoples in the face of the coronavirus pandemic pose the question of what are the limitations of the protection promoted by social security policies. In order to answer this question, this research sought to conceptualize social rights in relation with indigenous cultural differentiation, as well as seeking to review the most recent trajectory of health, social assistance and social security policies for this public. To this end, a bibliographic and documentary review was carried out on the terms surrounding the objective. Thus, it was verified that, until then, only the health policy presents an alternative of institutionalized differentiation, while the policies of social assistance and social security, although they may have good coverage of the indigenous users in some aspects, are presented distant from the demands of these peoples. In view of this situation, in addition to the setbacks caused by the neoliberal advance on social policies as a whole, and with the specific attacks on indigenous rights, these peoples are in a situation of greater fragility, because, in addition to not enjoying culturally sensitive social policies, they experience a delay in the emergency response in the form of public policy against the impacts of covid-19, which can lead to a greater number of contaminations and deaths.
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Senju, Atsushi, and Mark H. Johnson. "Is eye contact the key to the social brain?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 33, no. 6 (December 2010): 458–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x10001275.
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AbstractEye contact plays a critical role in many aspects of face processing, including the processing of smiles. We propose that this is achieved by a subcortical route, which is activated by eye contact and modulates the cortical areas involve in social cognition, including the processing of facial expression. This mechanism could be impaired in individuals with autism spectrum disorders.
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Young, Andrew W. "Faces, people and the brain: The 45th Sir Frederic Bartlett Lecture." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71, no. 3 (January 1, 2018): 569–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021817740275.
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The fact that the face is a source of diverse social signals allows us to use face and person perception as a model system for asking important psychological questions about how our brains are organised. A key issue concerns whether we rely primarily on some form of generic representation of the common physical source of these social signals (the face) to interpret them, or instead create multiple representations by assigning different aspects of the task to different specialist components. Variants of the specialist components hypothesis have formed the dominant theoretical perspective on face perception for more than three decades, but despite this dominance of formally and informally expressed theories, the underlying principles and extent of any division of labour remain uncertain. Here, I discuss three important sources of constraint: first, the evolved structure of the brain; second, the need to optimise responses to different everyday tasks; and third, the statistical structure of faces in the perceiver’s environment. I show how these constraints interact to determine the underlying functional organisation of face and person perception.
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P X, Francina, Tintu N S, and Venishya Ivan. "Challenges of Parents with Two Intellectually Disabled Children." Artha - Journal of Social Sciences 17, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.12724/ajss.45.4.
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This study was conducted to assess the psycho-social problems faced by parents with more than one intellectually disabled child in Mangalapuram Panchayath of Trivandrum District, Kerala. The psycho-social elements considered for this qualitative study includes emotional adaptability of parents, the role of support systems and the precautions taken by the family after the birth of the first child. Data were collected from 5 cases selected from the 15 cases identified in Mangalapuram panchayath. The cases were purposively selected from parents having minimum two disabled children. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide as a tool. The difficulty faced by the families with two disabled children reveals multiple levels of stress when compared to families with typically developing children. Such families face problems ranging from financial aspects to the physical, psychological and social aspects, which in turn affect their quality of life.
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Kumar, V. Vinod, Vijay Singh Thakur, and Justin James. "Face Management and Issues of Power, Solidarity, and Distance: Socio-Pragmatic Influences on Literary Discourses." Journal of Language and Literature 19, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/joll.v19i2.2115.
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<p><em>Literature, in many ways, reflects human societies. Literature is mainly a linguistic and aesthetic reflection of how human beings conduct their personal and social lives. The use of language by nature is a social activity. Human beings conduct all aspects of their lives through language. In the backdrop of this premise, human communication is, by nature, social communication. Furthermore, language is shaped by societies and, in turn, societies are also shaped by the language they shape. The human communication functions and works on the social aspects related to who speaks to whom, when, in what language, where, how, and for what purpose. In all contexts, the sociolinguistic aspects of power principle, solidarity principle, distance, and face management play an influential role in determining the tenor, tone and mode of communication. This paper attempts to examine, analyze and discuss the socio-pragmatic perspectives that shape, guide, and give direction to inter-personal human communication. This analytical discussion of the socio-pragmatic aspects of language use will be carried out through sociolinguistic analyses of dialogic discourses from the magnum opus A Suitable Boy (ASB) authored by Vikram Seth, which is considered to be an authentic socio-cultural document of India. </em></p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> <em>face management, power principle, socio-pragmatic influences, solidarity principle</em></p><p> </p>
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Jutaite, Raminta, Brigita Janiunaite, and Jolita Horbacauskiene. "The Challenging Aspects of Digital Learning Objects Usage in a Primary School During the Pandemics." Journal of Educational and Social Research 11, no. 5 (September 5, 2021): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2021-0118.
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The COVID-19 pandemic situation forced to look for other ways to provide continuous education around the world, which highlighted the importance and necessity of online education platforms and digital learning object (DLO) while going through this shift (Zhou et al., 2020; Viner et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020). Teachers, in primary schools as well, had to reorganize completely their curriculum and assignments to adapt them to the virtual environment. This paper, based on the experiences of primary school teachers, aims to reveal the challenges faced by the teachers when within two weeks all Lithuanian schools and universities had to switch to remote education from face-to-face education and when the adoption of DLOs moved from optional to compulsory ‘mode’ as learning process became remote. The research problem is analyzed primarily by revealing the theoretical aspects of the research, i.e., the concept of the DLO, the specifics of the adoption of DLOs in primary education and the challenges considered through the types of barriers. The findings indicate that teachers experienced challenges of practical training, issues in pupils’ assessment due to the lack of participation in the process of assignment completion, time constrain, different computer systems used, issues of online security, internet access and support. The study also identified the challenges of practical origin, namely, difficulties in keeping pupils’ concentration and attention throughout the lesson, lower level of teacher’s control during lessons as well as differences in pupils’ technical skills to use computers. Received: 2 August 2021 / Accepted: 20 August 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021
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Ganev, Eliane, and Wagner de Lorence Lima. "Reinserção social: processo que implica continuidade e cooperação." Serviço Social e Saúde 10, no. 1 (February 20, 2015): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/sss.v10i1.1380.
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O presente artigo propõe uma reflexão em torno do conceito de reinserção social de indivíduos que se tornaram dependentes de drogas, com o objetivo de oferecer uma contribuição na construção de políticas públicas sobre drogas capazes de fazer frente a este importante problema de saúde pública na contemporaneidade. Além dos aspectos conceituais da reinserção social, discutimos seus pressupostos e objetivos; seu contexto sempre atravessado pelas complexidades e singularidades características da dependência de drogas; aspectos tais como abstinência, riscos de recaídas, desconstrução e reconstrução de estilos de vida; o caráter multidisciplinar e a necessidade do trabalho continuado e metódico, no curto, médio e longo prazos, exigindo a cooperação de distintos agentes e sujeitos implicados nos desafios da reinserção social. Abstract: In this paper, we propose an analysis about the concept of social reinsertion of individuals who have become drug addicts. We want to help in planning public actions about drugs which can face this important public health problem nowadays. Apart from the conceptual aspects of social reinsertion, we hereby discuss its proposals, objectives and its context which is permanently affected by the complexities and peculiarities of drug dependency; aspects such as withdrawal, the risk of relapse, deconstruction and reconstruction of lifestyles; its multidisciplinary character and the need for continuous and methodical short-, mid- and long-term work, requiring the cooperation of those specific agents and subjects implied within the challenges of social reinsertion.
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Dausendschön-Gay, Ulrich. "Producing and learning to produce utterances in social interaction." EUROSLA Yearbook 3 (August 28, 2003): 207–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eurosla.3.12dau.
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Developmental research on first and second language acquisition is mainly concerned with cognitive, linguistic or pragmatic aspects of individual speech production treated separately and based on the tenets of separate disciplines or approaches (psycholinguistics, psychology of language, constructivism, conversation analysis). However, some studies try to integrate questions of language acquisition into the much broader context of social interaction in general. This paper argues in favour of such integration, taking a conversationalist perspective on speech and discourse production in social — face-to-face — interaction. In particular, it argues for the systematic integration of all kinds of body movements (traditionally called gestures) and prosody into the analysis of empirical data as a fundamental basis for the development of an interactional grammar and its study in an acquisitional research framework.
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Fins, Joseph J., and Sherwin B. Nuland. "The Face of Finitude." Hastings Center Report 25, no. 2 (March 1995): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3562865.
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Xie, Chaoqun, and Juliane House. "Some aspects of pragmatics." Pragmatics and Cognition 17, no. 2 (August 18, 2009): 421–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.17.2.10xie.
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Part of current pragmatics research aims at opening up new avenues of inquiry by revisiting and revising some of its central topics and keywords, such as implicature, explicature, truth, varieties of meaning, meaning inference, relevance, politeness, and face. This review article attempts to contribute to this endeavor by making some comments on and beyond Kecskes and Horn’s (2007) Explorations in Pragmatics: Linguistic, Cognitive and Intercultural Aspects. With reference to certain Chinese linguistic and interactional actualities, this paper argues, among other things, that a speaker who conveys some truth to a hearer does not necessarily mean that the speaker is committed to that truth, that people with little social power may also manipulate the power of words in actual interaction, and that when it comes to making politeness evaluations, what one does may turn out to be more important and decisive than what one says.
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Feldman, Ofer, and Ken Kinoshita. "Expanding factors in threat to face." Language and Dialogue 7, no. 3 (November 27, 2017): 336–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ld.7.3.02fel.
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Abstract This paper details aspects related to the “face” – one’s social standing, reputation, and dignity – during interactions between interviewers and interviewees (both politicians and nonpoliticians) in more than 5,000 questions posed during three different broadcast interview programs aired throughout 2012–2013 in Japan. The interactions between interviewers and interviewees are also considered as a dialogic phenomenon in which interlocutors are actors who act and react. By examining the toughness of questions posed in these programs the paper explores their extent of threat to face of the interviewees and the facets associated with this threat, including features related to the interviewees themselves. The results indicate strong evidence of socio-cultural norms and values that affect interviewers’ relationship with politicians and other sources.
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Domokos, Cerasela, Martin Domokos, Silvia Nicoleta Mirică, Cristian Negrea, Eugen Bota, and Adrian Nagel. "Being a student at the Faculty of Sports and Physical Education in COVID-19 Pandemic times - A moment in life." Timisoara Physical Education and Rehabilitation Journal 13, no. 24 (September 1, 2020): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tperj-2020-0007.
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AbstractIntroduction: The COVID-19 Pandemic started in December 2019 in China and it affected millions of people, forcing them to radically change their lifestyle.Aim: Thus, the idea of starting a study that evaluates the effects of the online media transfer on the life routine of PESF-WUT students was outlined, becoming the purpose of the present paper.Material and methods: This study consisted of analyzing a developed questionnaire applied on a study group of 334 students from PESF–WUT, which evaluated 3 aspects of our students’ life: the educational aspect, physical activity and leisure time.Results: The results revealed that COVID-19 Pandemic was a major life changing factor for our students, affecting all aspects of their daily routines. The evaluation of behavior regarding physical activity revealed that this component of our students’ life is of great importance in both the educational and leisure aspects of life.Conclusion: The study revealed that face to face, interpersonal contact has a great impact for both educational performance and the psychological and social aspect, by keeping the level of motivation at high standards. Last but not least, physical activity performed even in unusual conditions, such as Pandemic lockdowns has a great influence on stress management.
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Hoffman, Marion, Per Block, Timon Elmer, and Christoph Stadtfeld. "A model for the dynamics of face-to-face interactions in social groups." Network Science 8, S1 (March 6, 2020): S4—S25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nws.2020.3.
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AbstractFace-to-face interactions in social groups are a central aspect of human social lives. Although the composition of such groups has received ample attention in various fields—e.g., sociology, social psychology, management, and educational science—their micro-level dynamics are rarely analyzed empirically. In this article, we present a new statistical network model (DyNAM-i) that can represent the dynamics of conversation groups and interpersonal interaction in different social contexts. Taking an actor-oriented perspective, this model can be applied to test how individuals’ interaction patterns differ and how they choose and change their interaction groups. It moves beyond dyadic interaction mechanisms and translates central social network mechanisms—such as homophily, transitivity, and popularity—to the context of interactions in group settings. The utility and practical applicability of the new model are illustrated in two social network studies that investigate face-to-face interactions in a small party and an office setting.
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Freebody, Susannah, and Gustav Kuhn. "Own-age biases in adults’ and children’s joint attention: Biased face prioritization, but not gaze following!" Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71, no. 2 (January 1, 2018): 372–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2016.1247899.
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Previous studies have reported own-age biases in younger and older adults in gaze following. We investigated own-age biases in social attentional processes between adults and children by focusing on two aspects of the joint attention process; the extent to which people attend towards an individual’s face, and the extent to which they fixate objects that are looked at by this person (i.e., gaze following). Participants viewed images that always contained a child and an adult who either looked towards each other or each looked at objects located to their side. Observers consistently, and rapidly fixated the actor’s faces, though the children were faster to fixate the child’s face than the adult’s faces, whilst the adults were faster to fixate on the adult’s face than the child’s face. The children also spent significantly more time fixating the child’s face than the adult’s face, and the opposite pattern of results was found for the adults. Whilst both adults and children prioritized objects when they were looked at by the actor, both groups showed equivalent levels of gaze following, and there was no own-age bias for gaze following. Our results show an own-age bias for prioritizing faces, but not gaze following.
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Carvajal, Fernando, and Jaime Iglesias. "Face-to-face emotion interaction studies in Down syndrome infants." International Journal of Behavioral Development 26, no. 2 (March 2002): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250042000609.
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Infants with Down syndrome constitute an ideal population for analysing the development of emotional expression from the first months of life, due basically to the fact that this chromosomal alteration is identifiable from birth and results in well-known difficulties of cognitive development and in basic learning processes. Taking into account the functional aspects of facial expression during initial social interaction, in this review we present a series of studies which, although based on different theoretical approaches and different methodologies, have the common objective of analysing the emotional behaviour of young infants with and without Down syndrome during face-to-face interaction with their mothers. The main conclusions emerging from these studies are: (a) that, as in the case of typically developing infants, Down syndrome infants and their mothers present a series of coordinated and interdependent expressive interchanges; (b) that, despite the differences found between infants with and without Down syndrome in quantitative parameters of expressive behaviour, such as frequency, duration and intensity of the different emotional expressions or their point of initiation in development, what seems to be most significant is the clear functional similarity observed in the two groups of subjects during initial mother-infant interaction; and (c) that these differences may be understood by considering different psychobiological explanations as well as the known cognitive deficits.
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Haworth, Joshua L., Klaus Libertus, and Rebecca J. Landa. "Social Intervention Impacts Action Anticipation, Goal Extraction, and Social Interest in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder." Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology 8, no. 2 (August 16, 2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jedp.v8n2p95.
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Anticipatory looking in the context of goal-directed actions emerges during the first year of life. However, children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often show diminished social gaze and anticipation while observing goal-directed actions. The current study examined a therapist-mediated social intervention targeting action-anticipation, goal-extraction, and social gaze in 18 children with ASD diagnosis. Before and after the intervention period, children viewed a video displaying a toddler repeatedly placing blocks into a bowl using a cross-body motion. Gaze to the actor’s face and anticipatory gaze to the goal location were analyzed. Results revealed that young children with ASD understand repeated actions and demonstrate goal-extraction even before exposure to the intervention. Further, targeted social intervention experience led to a redistribution of attention in favor of the actor’s face, while retaining action intention comprehension of the block transfer activity. Attention to social aspects during action observation by children with ASD could have favorable cascading effects on social reciprocity, social contingency, and theory of mind development.
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Margareta Bredmar, Per Linell. "Reconstructing Topical Sensitivity: Aspects of Face-Work in Talks Between Midwives and Expectant Mothers." Research on Language & Social Interaction 29, no. 4 (October 1996): 347–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327973rlsi2904_3.
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Jæger, Mads Meier. "Hello Beautiful? The Effect of Interviewer Physical Attractiveness on Cooperation Rates and Survey Responses." Sociological Methods & Research 48, no. 1 (October 17, 2016): 156–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049124116672677.
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This article analyzes the effect of interviewers’ physical attractiveness on cooperation rates in face-to-face interviews and survey responses (self-reports on physical appearance, weight, and health). This article includes four aspects of physical attractiveness (facial attractiveness, voice attractiveness, body mass index [BMI], and height) and reports that (1) interviewers with more attractive faces and lower BMI have higher cooperation rates, (2) differences in interviewers’ personality (Big Five, Rosenberg self-esteem) account for about one third of the total effect of facial attractiveness on cooperation rates, and (3) being interviewed by a more attractive interviewer leads to more positive self-reports on physical appearance, weight, and health (but does not affect self-reports unrelated to physical appearance).
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Klosi, Iris. "Social Media Escapism: Exploratory Study of the use of Digital Media by Tirana University Students of English Language." Balkanistic Forum 30, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 196–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v30i2.12.
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The stress and anxiety resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic has lead to a significant increase in escapist media-based coping. This paper examines the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on social media escapist activities by the students at the State University of Tirana. In total 52 undergraduate and graduate students aged 20-24 were involved in the study. The students reported 39 digital media involved in their escapist activities, with media sharing networks having a dominant role. From the analysis of their discussion of the motivations and different forms of escapist activities using social media, 5 different but interrelated discourses emerged: (1) Social media have both positive and negative aspects; (2) Social media escapism distorts reality; (3) Social media offer easy and affordable ways to escape; (4) Social media escapism needs to be managed to avoid addiction; and (5) Social media escapism enhances English language skills. The impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic through restrictions on socializing, face-to-face interaction and online teaching were discussed within and across the identified discourses. Increasing their communicative competence in English while interacting with people of different cultural background, including English native speakers was one of most the positive aspects in students’ discussions of social media escapism. The stress and anxiety resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic has lead to a significant increase in escapist media-based coping. This paper examines the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on social media escapist activities by the students at the State University of Tirana. In total 52 undergraduate and graduate students aged 20-24 were involved in the study. The students reported 39 digital media involved in their escapist activities, with media sharing networks having a dominant role. From the analysis of their discussion of the motivations and different forms of escapist activities using social media, 5 different but interrelated discourses emerged: (1) Social media have both positive and negative aspects; (2) Social media escapism distorts reality; (3) Social media offer easy and affordable ways to escape; (4) Social media escapism needs to be managed to avoid addiction; and (5) Social media escapism enhances English language skills. The impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic through restrictions on socializing, face-to-face interaction and online teaching were discussed within and across the identified discourses. Increasing their communicative competence in English while interacting with people of different cultural background, including English native speakers was one of most the positive aspects in students’ discussions of social media escapism.