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1
Jørgensen, Lise Bender. "The question of prehistoric silks in Europe." Antiquity 87, no. 336 (June 1, 2013): 581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00049140.
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Textiles and clothing are among the most visible aspects of human social and symbolic behaviour and yet they have left all too few traces in the archaeological record and it is easy to overlook their importance. Luxury textiles such as silk can additionally provide evidence of long-distance contact, notably between Europe and China during the Han dynasty and the Roman empire. But can these connections be projected back in time to the prehistoric period? The late Irene Good proposed a number of identifications of silk in Iron Age Europe and was instrumental in bringing the issue to wider attention. Closer examination reported here, however, calls those identifications into question. Instead, the case is put that none of the claimed Iron Age silks can be confirmed, and that early traffic in silk textiles to Europe before the Roman period cannot be substantiated.
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Douny, Laurence. "Silk-embroidered garments as transformative processes: layering, inscribing and displaying Hausa material identities." Journal of Material Culture 16, no. 4 (December 2011): 401–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359183511424197.
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This article explores some aspects of Hausa wild silk embroidered gowns known as riga, interpreting these famous and prestigious attires in the light of techniques and transformative processes. The author thus highlights implicit forms of knowledge underlying material practices about, first, the wearing and layering of highly decorated gowns and, second, the process of creating silk-embroidered motifs (on the outside gown) and inked patterns (on the inside gown) that stand as the objectification and expression of charismatic power through self-display. The author proposes that Hausa wild silk-embroidered gowns constitute a material identity of power in that they materialize individual as well as group social status, prestige, fame and wealth. The empirical materials derive from ongoing fieldwork in northern Nigeria on the production and use of wild silk, a particular substance/material to which mystic properties are attributed and which plays an important role in the empowerment of riga.
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Neretin, Nikolai Y., Anna E. Zhadan, and Alexander B. Tzetlin. "Aspects of mast building and the fine structure of “amphipod silk” glands in Dyopedos bispinis (Amphipoda, Dulichiidae)." Contributions to Zoology 86, no. 2 (July 18, 2017): 145–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-08602003.
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In the present study, we investigated the biology of Dyopedos bispinis, a mast-building amphipod that is abundant near the N. Pertsov White Sea Biological Station. To examine the peculiarities of mast building in Dyopedos bispinis, we studied the social structure of individuals inhabiting the masts and identified the preferred substrata through underwater photography and direct observations, characterized the internal and external structures of the masts, and studied the ultrastructure of pereopodal silk glands using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM, respectively). The most frequent substrata for mast building are other fouling organisms, including hydroids, bryozoans, ascidians and sponges. As in other corophiids, each Dyopedos bispinis mast represents the territory of one female and, occasionally, one male, but unique collective masts occupied by three or more (up to 23) adults were also observed. Masts comprise one or 2-4 central cylinders and a laminated cortex that contains detritus and amphipod silk layers. The pereopodal glandular complex of Dyopedos bispinis is composed of two distinct gland groups, proximal and distal, in each pereopod 3-4, and ducts in the glandular complex lead into a common chamber in the dactylus. The proximal glands are multicellular; their secretory cells are uninuclear, unlike in certain other amphipods; and the cell membrane is deeply invaginated. The invaginations are filled with extensions of the cytoplasm of lining cells, but the origin of the lining is unclear. Axon terminals were observed adjacent to the secretory cells, and it is assumed that these axons regulate amphipod silk glands. The proximal silk glands of Dyopedos bispinis have similarities with the lobed and rosette glands of isopods, but they have strongly elongated forms. We refer to these glands as pseudotubular glands. Such glands are rarely observed in Crustacea and have only been described in silk-producing pereopodal systems of marine Peracarida and in the antenna of terrestrial Malacostraca.
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Elias, Marina Sá, and Maria das Graças Carvalho Ferriani. "Historical and social aspects of halitosis." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 14, no. 5 (October 2006): 821–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692006000500026.
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Buccal odors have always been a factor of concern for society. This study aims to investigate the historical and social base of halitosis, through systematized research in the database BVS (biblioteca virtual em saúde - virtual library in health) and also in books. Lack of knowledge on how to prevent halitosis allows for its occurrence, limiting quality of life. As social relationships are one of the pillars of the quality of life concept, halitosis needs to be considered a factor of negative interference. Education in health should be accomplished with a view to a dynamic balance, involving human beings' physical and psychological aspects, as well as their social interactions, so that individuals do not become jigsaw puzzles of sick parts.
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Jie, Pan, Kong Na, and Bai Xiao. "Research into “Five Centers” on the Silk Road Economic Belt and the Current Development of Tertiary Industry in Xinjiang." E3S Web of Conferences 275 (2021): 01049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127501049.
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Industrial development is the pillar of regional economic development, and the development of tertiary industry is the focus of the entire industry. This paper conducted an in-depth analysis of the tertiary industry in Xinjiang from three aspects: output value, output value growth rate, and output value contribution rate. On this basis, this paper also analyzes the investment in fixed assets of Xinjiang’s tertiary industry and uses the gray correlation model to measure the correlation between fixed assets and output value. The results of the study show that from 2014 to 2019, the tertiary industry in Xinjiang has developed better overall. Among them, culture, sports and entertainment industry, information transmission, software and information technology service industry, education, health and social industry and other industries are developing very well, which is in line with the vision goal of the construction of the “Five Centers” in Xinjiang on the Silk Road Economic Belt.
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Vvedenskaya, Elena. "Bioethical aspects of robotics in surgery." JAHR 12, no. 1 (2021): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21860/j.12.1.7.
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The article discusses the bioethical aspects of robotics in surgery and assesses the impact of this process on the relationship between the physician and the patient. An engineering model is gradually replacing the traditional paternalistic model of the physician-patient relationship. If paternalism implies the doctor’s attitude to the patient as his sick child, which requires compassion, help, and great responsibility on the part of the doctor, then when implementing the second model, the doctor, like a technical executor, performs only the responsibilities provided by the job description. On the one hand, the dominance of a technical-type model carries the threat of depersonalizing the patient and eliminating contact between the physician and the patient. On the other hand, this contributes to a radical change in the concept of medicine. Why people usually go to doctors? For establishing a diagnosis, prescribing a course of treatment, a prescription, and performing medical manipulations? Machines, leaving a human with a completely different role in the relationship between the physician and the patient, will increasingly perform these actions. The release of doctors from routine tasks will allow them to pay more attention to patient care, fully demonstrating their human qualities. The article analyzes the surgeon’s place in modern medicine and makes an attempt to determine which category the surgery belongs to, “machine territory” or “human territory”.
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Gu, Yimiao, Hui Shan Loh, and Wei Yim Yap. "Sustainable port-hinterland intermodal development: Opportunities and challenges for China and India." Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v4i2.1227.
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This paper reviews and compares the opportunities and challenges in terms of port and intermodal development in China and India—the two fast-growing economic giants in the world. The study analyzes the future direction of these two countries’ port-hinterland intermodal development from the sustainability perspective. Both China and India face some major opportunities and challenges in port-hinterland intermodal development. The proposal of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road, also known as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), offers plentiful opportunities for China. A challenge for China is that its development of dry ports is still in the infancy stage and thus it is unable to catch up with the pace of rapid economic growth. As compared with China, India focuses more on the social aspect to protect the welfare of its residents, which in turn jeopardizes India’s port-hinterland intermodal development in the economic sense. The biggest challenge for India is its social institution, which would take a long time to change. These in-depth comparative analyses not only give the future direction of port-hinterland intermodal development in China and India but also provide references for other countries with similar backgrounds.
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Potapov, O. O., O. P. Kmyta, and O. O. Tsyndrenko. "MODERN ASPECTS OF THE USE OF NERVE CONDUCTORS IN PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INJURY." Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal 8, no. 2 (2020): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/eumj.2020;8(2):137-144.
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Peripheral nerve injuries account for 4 % of all injuries, and the consequences of trauma are a major medical and social problem, since they are characterized by a significant and long-term decline in limb function, and a high level of disability in patients. According to our data, up to 40% of patients sought specialized care for more than 6 months after the injury, and 19.9% were treated conservatively for an unreasonably long period of time. It led to an increase in the portion of unsatisfactory treatment results, since the prognosis of the further functional and useful degree of nerve recovery worsens with increasing time after injury. The main objective was to select the optimal option of biocompatible material for implementation in practice in case of traumatic peripheral nerve damage. Materials and methods. The analysis of medical literature for 2015–2020 was conducted. First of all, it should be noted that modern non-biological resorbable tubes are made of polyglycolic and polylactic acids. Non-resorbable tubes, including silicone, have shown undesirable effects, including axon compression during regeneration and the reaction of a fibrous foreign body. Hollow cylindrical tubes can be manufactured in several ways, such as electrospinning, crosslinking, physical film rolling, injection molding, melt extrusion, and braiding. Adequate surgical treatment of peripheral nerve injuries requires that the surgeon, in addition to an accurate knowledge of the anatomical details of the affected area, would also be familiar with microsurgical methods and had necessary equipment to operate. The main procedure in peripheral nerve surgery is the restoration of nerve continuity, which can be obtained by direct coaptation between the two ends of a severed nerve or by the introduction of nerve grafts to replace a defect in nerve tissue. Polyester is the most common synthetic material used in neural tissue engineering, along with polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, and polyglycolic acid. In combination with mesenchymal stem cells of the bone marrow, polylactic acid showed better results and accelerated the recovery of peripheral nerves. Polylactic acid directed the migration of Schwann's cells and induced the formation of a normal nervous structure. It was proved that the polycaprolactone material had an effect similar to that of autografts in nerve repair, and its characteristics were better than in a polylactic acid tube. Polyglycolic acid also possesses sufficient mechanical properties and can be used to repair a nerve defect. Artificial synthetic materials have good biocompatibility and biodegradability with minimal toxicity. For the production of high-purity polymer monomers, which are necessary for the manufacture of the frame, much time and financial costs are required. Moreover, the elasticity and hardness of such materials are imperfect. Three main natural biomaterials are used in tissue repair: collagen, silk, and gelatin. Collagen tube is the most widely used biological material in clinical practice. Silk materials with the protein fibroin, which promote the release of certain substrates, such as nerve growth factor particles, and provide more nutrients and a more favorable microenvironment for nerve repair, are worth noticing. Silk fibroin has good compatibility with the neurons of the dorsal root ganglia and supports cell growth. Gelatin materials are preferred due to the reduction of micromanipulation during nerve recovery. Natural biomaterials are easy to obtain in sufficient quantities; they have good biocompatibility and biodegradability and are easily absorbed by the body. However, each natural biomaterial has its drawbacks. Some of them are brittle or break down in a humid environment. Some natural materials are insoluble in water and traditional organic solvents, which limits their use. One of the most widely used biopolymers of natural origin is chitosan. Chitosan, derived by chitin deacetylation, plays a supporting, protective, and guiding role in the early stage of recovery of peripheral nerves and can provide a relatively stable, localized microenvironment during regeneration. Chitosan is absorbed and gradually decomposed in the late phase of recovery and regeneration of the nervous system. Issues regarding graphene-based nanomaterials use are considered. Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon nanomaterial with good optical, electrical and mechanical properties. It should be noted that when graphene nanoparticles incorporate into a chitosan or gelatin frame and are used to repair peripheral nerve damage in rats, this has contributed to the regeneration of the damaged nerve more quickly. Graphene also reduced the inflammatory response and accelerated the migration of endogenous neuroblasts. Hence, the use of these materials is not well understood due to the significant duration of recovery of the denervated proximal end of the nerve, so further research is needed to identify the advantages or disadvantages of their use.
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Erhag, Thomas. "Legal Aspects of Cross-Border Rehabilitation to Work." European Journal of Social Security 7, no. 2 (June 2005): 139–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/138826270500700203.
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This paper describes the legal situation of European migrant workers who are in need of rehabilitation. For the sick or disabled migrant worker, living in one country and having his/her workplace in another, rehabilitation often raises complicated issues which have to be solved by an equally complex framework of legal rules. In this article, Sweden-Norway is used as a cross-border example to illustrate the problems faced by an insured person and by the social security administration during rehabilitation. The legal problems are basically attributable to differences between social security systems within the EU. Rehabilitation cases are complicated by the fact that the support an individual needs is often not a single benefit. Instead rehabilitation involves a variety of different benefits regulated by different legal instruments. EC Reg. 1408/71 aims to co-ordinate and safeguard the social security rights of migrant workers. However, legal rehabilitation tools, such as sickness and health care benefits, are co-ordinated according to different criteria and special rules covering rehabilitation are not found in the regulation. This leads to a situation where a migrant worker can have the right to cash benefits from one country and health care benefits from another. The result is sometimes confusing, both for the individual and for the administration. The article explores and analyses this confusing situation, paying special attention to the question of legal certainty for the migrant worker.
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Fernandes Perrella, Daniel, Paulo V. Davanço, Leonardo S. Oliveira, Livia M. S. Sousa, and Mercival R. Francisco. "Reproductive aspects of the Purple-throated Euphonia, Euphonia chlorotica (Aves: Fringillidae) in southeastern Brazil, and first record of the species nesting inside a vespiary." Zoologia 34 (August 15, 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e19989.
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Despite the fact that E. chlorotica (Linnaeus, 1766) is common and widely distributed in South America, the reproductive aspects of the species are poorly documented. Here we present data on 18 active nests found from August to February, between 2007 and 2012. Nests were globular with a lateral entrance, and measured 97.9 ± 14.4 mm in outside height, 110.6 ± 11.6 mm in outside diameter, and were 4.88 ± 2.09 m above ground. They were often supported from bellow and were composed mainly of tiny dry leafs and leaflets, fine petioles, and plumed seeds, all compacted with spider web silk. Eggs were laid on consecutive days or with one day interval, and clutch size varied from 1–3 eggs (2.1 ± 0.6, n = 9 nests). Only females incubated the eggs, but both sexes were involved in nest construction and nestling attendance at similar rates. Incubation and nestling periods were 14 and 21 days, respectively, and overall nest survival probability was 5%. A vespiary used for nesting was not occupied by wasps and nest material was deposited only to form the incubatory chamber. Although nesting near wasps or bees is a widespread strategy among birds in general, nesting inside the nests of social insects is a poorly documented behavior.
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Tverdokhlebova, T. I., E. V. Kovalev, H. V. Karpushchenko, M. A. Kulak, O. S. Dumbadze, A. R. Litovko, and A. S. Kaljuzhin. "Socioeconomic aspects of COVID-19 on the example of Rostov region." Infekcionnye bolezni 18, no. 4 (2020): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2020-4-27-32.
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Objective. To evaluate the socioeconomic impact of COVID-19 in Rostov region. Material and methods. This article focuses on social and economic aspects of COVID-19. By estimating direct medical costs and gross domestic product (GDP) losses (sick leave days), we assessed the economic damage caused by the pandemic in Rostov region. When calculating direct medical costs, we considered per-case costs of completed outpatient and inpatient treatment and costs of laboratory testing (identification of coronavirus). When calculating the costs associated with paid sick Rostov region in 2020. Results. We found that COVID-19-associated direct medical costs and GDP losses (sick leave days) were 3,174,344,917.04 RUB. Almost half (42.7%) of direct medical costs were spent on outpatient treatment. GDP losses were 1,014,047,274.24 RUB. Conclusion. In addition to the direct impact on the health of vulnerable individuals, current pandemic will inevitably cause longterm socioeconomic consequences for both people and the economy. The assessment of the socioeconomic impact of COVID-19 is important to develop effective preventive and anti-epidemic measures, as well as to make optimal management decisions. Key words: GDP losses, pandemic, direct medical costs, PCR diagnostics, Rostov region, COVID-19
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Arfah, Andriana, Saldy Yusuf, and Yuliana Syam. "The Role of Textiles in Controlling Microclimate to Prevent Pressure Injury." Media Keperawatan Indonesia 3, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/mki.3.2.2020.81-89.
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Pressure injury (PI) is still a problem in health and home care both in developing and developed countries. PI is important to prevent because it has an impact on the physical, psychological, social, and economic aspects of the patient. One of the preventions of pressure injury is to choose the right textile, therefore this literature review aims to identify the right textile and can control microclimate in preventing PI. The Method used by searching the literature of scientific publications in the time of years between 2009-2019 using database Pubmed, Science Direct, Willey Online Library, Cochrane Library dan Google Scholar, there were 2.152 articles. The results of the literature review found six articles that fit the inclusion criteria and related to the use of textiles that can control microclimate in preventing pressure injury including textiles made from synthetic fabrics of silk, polyester, and synthetic fiber. Synthetic fiber textiles are best used as bedding because they control microclimate and reduce friction that can prevent the development of pressure injury.
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Wieczorek, Mariusz. "Some Aspects of Labour Law’s Protective Function at the Time of COVID-19." Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 30, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2021.30.1.339-355.
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<p>The COVID-19 epidemic has had a substantial impact on Polish legislation since the beginning of 2020. The economic slowdown and the consequent fall in the state budget revenue are among the anticipated effects of the epidemic. As a result, provisions introducing <em>lex specialis</em> to the Labour Code and certain employment regulations specifying dissolution of employment relationships in some public administration organisations became part of the COVID-19 Act. The new legal construct comes down to extensive facilitation in the process of redundancies for employers dismissing their employees. The protective function of labour law provisions insofar as it upholds duration of the employment relationship is consequently restricted. Provisions of the COVID-19 Act in this respect are unacceptable. Each regulation should arise from objectively identified needs to legally govern social relationships and should not inflate laws or undermine citizens’ trust in legislation. The postulate of this legal direction of determining social relationships is particularly important with regard to relationships of employment, in particular, those founded on appointment in public administration. The possibility of identical treatment of employees hired on various legal grounds merely appears to conform with the constitutional protection of equality in law. Without detriment to employers’ right to determine employment levels, the new regulations in connection with the COVID-19 epidemic seem unnecessary, since their objectives can be attained by application of normal remedies provided for by labour law.</p>
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Siller, Heidi, and Siobán O’Brien Green. "Researching violence against women during pregnancy: A reflexive account to illuminate insights gained from researching violence against women, utilising an intersectional approach." Tijdschrift voor Genderstudies 24, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgn2021.2.009.sill.
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Abstract An intersectional and reflexive approach is vital in researching violence against women (VAW). It offers insights into researcher–participant relations, the research design and process, and the collection and analysis of data. Furthermore, it illuminates potential blind spots due to, for example, socialisation, values, or beliefs. Particularly in VAW, such insights are needed to inspire social change and social action. In this essay, we use an intersectional framework for our reflexive interrogation of our research on intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy. We highlight potential aspects of re-enforcing or reproducing characteristics of IPV in research projects and via power relations in research collaboration and emphasise the need for explicit reflexivity in VAW research to do this.
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Хетагурова, Валерия, and Valeriya Khetagurova. "DISCOVERING CENTRAL ASIA: THE PROSPECTS FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT ALONG THE PATHS OF THE GREAT SILK ROAD." Services in Russia and abroad 11, no. 6 (October 26, 2017): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22412/1995-042x-11-6-2.
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The article considers the prospects of tourism development in five countries of Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan. The author analyzes cultural, social and economic aspects of the tourism industry in the region. The main directions of activity of international organi-zations in the framework of tourism promotion programs are given. Central Asia has a huge potential for the tourism development. The study of the current state of tourism in Central Asia is becoming increasingly important. Tourism resources have every chance to become part of the national wealth of the countries of this region. In the group of factors determining socio-economic development of the countries in the region are natural resources, the level of production and investment, social infrastructure, management quality, international competitiveness, etc. The need for the regional development management system is conditioned by regionalization processes inherent to the current economic situation, oriented to ensuring positive national economic dynamics and maximum using the region’s potential. The studying problem of regional development makes it possible to justify, as one of the directions of its solution, the use of cluster technologies oriented to those branches of the economy that can become a vector of regional development. According to experts, the tourism industry is one of the most profitable sectors of the economy of the region. This industry covers numerous sectors of the economy and various links between them. The main tourist routes in the present time, covering many objects of the Great Silk Road, do not offer a more detailed study of the local historical, architectural and archaeological heritage. The lack of infrastructure facilities is the reason for this. This fact forces us to search solutions, which will provide a comfortable environment for both tourists and researchers. At present, the Central Asian countries occupy a very modest place in the world market of tourist services. According to many experts, the demand for sanatorium, tourist and excursion services has decreased due to the transition period, and the existing network of tourist institutions, boarding houses, rest homes needs reconstruction. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, tourism in the Central Asian republics began to develop independently, without common approaches and concepts. In many respects this is determined by the fact that the new states have chosen their own models of socio-economic development, different from each other. The different level of political freedoms, economic development features determine the current state of the tourism industry in various countries of Central Asia. The perspective of tourism development in this region is quite difficult, but an interesting task, necessary for familiarizing humanity with the most interesting culture of peoples inhabiting Central Asia and developing the economies of countries.
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Downes, MF. "Nest of the Social Spider Phryganoporus-Candidus (Araneae, Desidae) - Structure, Annual Growth-Cycle and Host-Plant Relationships." Australian Journal of Zoology 42, no. 2 (1994): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9940237.
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Aspects of the biology of the social spider Phryganoponrs candidus (=Badumna candida) (L. Koch) in relation to its life history are described, based on data from a field and laboratory study conducted over several years at Townsville, Queensland. Host plant records and preferences are given, and an analysis made of the effects of nest height and ecotone proximity on nest occurrence. Founded between October and February as a chambered silk funnel by a solitary subadult female, the nest was enlarged by the female and her progeny into a complex retreat area and an outlying prey-trapping area. The architecture of the retreat was not an aggregation of repeated subunits. Closely adjacent nests sometimes united their prey-capture webbing to form compound nests. From a tagged sample of new-founded nests, 31% reached a stage at which thriving spiderlings were present. Numbers of spiders in nests ranged from 9 to 224 and correlated with nest size, which ranged from 70 to more than 20 000 cm(2). At the peak of nest growth in October, the stage at which subadult spiders began to disperse, about 90 spiders inhabited each nest; only 12% of new-founded nests reached this stage. Summer dispersal left nests empty; they degenerated under rain and became moribund by March. The main host plants were Zizyphus mauritiana (the chinee apple) and Dolichondrone heterophylla. Most nests occurred between 0.5 and 2.5 m from the ground but height did not influence nest success. Nests were prevalent at ecotones, although they did not thrive better there. Because so much of the social biology of spiders is integrated with the structure and function of their nests, these findings are relevant to an understanding of the evolution of sociality in spiders.
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Schmulich, V. "MEDICAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF OPTIMIZING THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN DEPRIVED OF PARENTAL CARE." Inter Collegas 5, no. 3 (November 3, 2018): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35339/ic.5.3.137-142.
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MEDICAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF OPTIMIZING THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN DEPRIVED OF PARENTAL CAREShmulich V., Grechanina Y., Staruseva V., Shmulich O.It is investigated the content of amino acids by thin layer chromatography, in the blood serum of 109 children staying in the home of the child with atopic dermatitis or dysplasia of connective tissue. It is revealed elevated levels of tryptophan at children sick of atopic dermatitis, as well as the level of proline, glycine, lysine at children with connective tissue dysplasia, which confirms the importance of disorders of amino acid metabolism in the pathogenesis of set conditions. Represented the algorithm of diet correction of metabolic and intestinal disorders arising in early childhood.Key words:atopic dermatitis, connective tissue dysplasia, the amino acid composition of the blood, dietary correction. Резюме.МЕДИКО - СОЦІАЛЬНІ АСПЕКТИ ХАРЧУВАННЯ ДІТЕЙ, ПОЗБАВЛЕНИХ БАТЬКІВСЬКОЇ ОПІКИШмуліч В., Гречаніна Ю., Шмуліч О., Старусева В.Досліджено методом тонкошарової хроматографії вміст амінокислот у сироватці крові у 109 дітей, які перебувають у будинку дитини та страждають атопічним дерматитом або сполучнотканинною дисплазією. Виявлено підвищення вмісту триптофану у дітей, хворих на дерматит, а також рівня проліну, лізину та гліцину у дітей з диспластичною кардіопатією, що підтверджує значення порушень амінокислотного обміну у патогенезі названих станів.Представлений алгоритм дієтичної корекції метаболічних, інтестінальних порушень, які виникають у ранньому дитячому віці. Ключові слова:атопічний дерматит, сполучнотканинна дисплазія, амінокислотний склад крові, дієтична корекція. РезюмеМЕДИКО - СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПИТАНИЯ ДЕТЕЙ, ЛИШЕННЫХ РОДИТЕЛЬСКОЙ ОПЕКИШмулич В., Гречанина Ю., Шмулич А., Старусева В.Исследовано методом тонкослойной хроматографии содержание аминокислот в сыворотке крови у 109 детей, находящихся в доме ребенка и страдающих атопическим дерматитом и соединительнотканной дисплазией. Выявлено повышение содержания триптофана у детей, больных атопическим дерматитом, а также уровня пролина, лизина и глицина у детей с диспластическими кардиопатией, что подтверждает значение нарушений аминокислотного обмена в патогенезе названных состояний. Представлен алгоритм диетической коррекции метаболических, интестинальных нарушений, которые возникают в раннем детском возрасте.Ключевые слова:атопический дерматит, соединительно дисплазия, аминокислотный состав крови, диетическая коррекция.
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Zvarych, Iryna. "International trade of waste in the sector-spatial dimensions." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 3(97) (October 1, 2020): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2020.03.123.
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Introduction. Global circular trade involves countries that specialize in exporting goods in which they have a comparative advantage and import other goods from their trading partners. This process of international exchange requires the transportation of goods from the country of production to the country of consumption. Therefore, the expansion of international trade is likely to increase the use of transport. It is confirmed that the leading countries in the export-import of waste in various industries are at the same time components of circular core, around which circular value chains are formed. The aim is to do a systematic analysis of the spatial-component structure of trade in waste and scrap and to identify leading countries, development priorities in industries (pharmaceuticals, clinical, household, rubber waste, polymers, silk and cotton waste). Results. The paper analyzes the spatial-component structure of trade in waste and scrap and identifies the leading countries, development priorities in the industries (pharmacy, clinical, household, rubber waste, polymers, silk and cotton waste). The main problematic aspects are illegal waste trade and growing smuggling, which cause serious negative social consequences and actualize the inclusive component in substantiating the paradigm of the global inclusive circular economy. It has been investigated that waste reduction combined with prudent use of resources has the potential to address the gap due to natural resource scarcity and global growing population or consumption. It is substantiated that the formation of circular trade will contribute to: the definition of priority materials for trade and the required level of processing capacity; harmonization of material quality standards; promoting the demand for used goods and secondary raw materials; removing unnecessary regulatory barriers and avoiding environmentally harmful activities such as non-compliance, poorly regulated nature and informal recovery. Perspectives. Further research on international waste trade in the sectoral-spatial dimension will need to be continued in the context of the environmental and economic impacts of COVID-19, which diversifies and increases the amount of medical waste.
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Gustafsson, Gabriella, Sture Eriksson, Gunilla Strandberg, and Astrid Norberg. "Burnout and perceptions of conscience among health care personnel: A pilot study." Nursing Ethics 17, no. 1 (January 2010): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733009351950.
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Although organizational and situational factors have been found to predict burnout, not everyone employed at the same workplace develops it, suggesting that becoming burnt out is a complex, multifaceted phenomenon. The aim of this study was to elucidate perceptions of conscience, stress of conscience, moral sensitivity, social support and resilience among two groups of health care personnel from the same workplaces, one group on sick leave owing to medically assessed burnout (n = 20) and one group who showed no indications of burnout (n = 20). The results showed that higher levels of stress of conscience, a perception of conscience as a burden, having to deaden one’s conscience in order to keep working in health care and perceiving a lack of support characterized the burnout group. Lower levels of stress of conscience, looking on life with forbearance, a perception of conscience as an asset and perceiving support from organizations and those around them (social support) characterized the non-burnout group.
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Vidman, Åsa, and Annika Strömberg. "“Well it is for their sake we are here”: meaningful work tasks from care workers’ view." Working with Older People 22, no. 2 (June 11, 2018): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wwop-09-2017-0024.
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Purpose Employees in elderly care have a high rate of sick leave. One explanation is that employees that experience a low level of meaning of work are at a higher risk for long-term sick leave. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative interview study aims to examine what employees in residential care facilities experience as the meaningful aspects of their work tasks. Interviews with 14 persons employed in residential care facilities were conducted. Findings The findings show that meaningful work tasks are about organizing the work to make use of the creativity and knowledge of the staff in order to support relations with older people. Originality/value The knowledge about what constitutes a healthy work environment is not as comprehensive as it is about what constitutes health risks. Furthermore, these issues have been considered by only a few qualitative studies about social care in the field of sick leave. Therefore, this qualitative interview study examines what employees in residential care facilities experience as meaningful aspects of their work tasks.
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Folle, Aline Duarte, Helena Eri Shimizu, and Janeth de Oliveira Silva Naves. "Social representation of Alzheimer's disease for family caregivers: stressful and rewarding." Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP 50, no. 1 (February 2016): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0080-623420160000100011.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE To understand the content of Social Representation (SR) of family caregivers of Alzheimer's disease patients. METHOD Interviews were conducted with 26 caregivers and analyzed by the ALCESTE software. RESULTS The SR content was structured in two thematic axes called Daily Life and Care and Medical and Emotional Concepts and Outcomes. The first axis creates images related to the routine of interaction with the sick person, and contains a description of care procedures, experiences, and practices applied every day. The second is composed of subjective and conceptual aspects that make up the social representation of Alzheimer's disease, with meanings related to the emotional, medical, and biological contexts. CONCLUSION Due to the importance of topics related to patients' dependence and the personal and emotional consequences of the disease, overload is the main content of the SR of Alzheimer's disease for caregivers, and the understanding of these SR by health professionals should support the planning of interventions addressing this group of individuals.
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Amoretti, Maria Cristina, and Elisabetta Lalumera. "The concept of disease in the time of COVID-19." Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 41, no. 5-6 (December 2020): 203–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11017-021-09540-5.
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AbstractPhilosophers of medicine have formulated different accounts of the concept of disease. Which concept of disease one assumes has implications for what conditions count as diseases and, by extension, who may be regarded as having a disease (disease judgements) and for who may be accorded the social privileges and personal responsibilities associated with being sick (sickness judgements). In this article, we consider an ideal diagnostic test for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection with respect to four groups of people—positive and asymptomatic; positive and symptomatic; negative; and untested—and show how different concepts of disease impact on the disease and sickness judgements for these groups. The suggestion is that sickness judgements and social measures akin to those experienced during the current COVID-19 outbreak presuppose a concept of disease containing social (risk of) harm as a component. We indicate the problems that arise when adopting this kind of disease concept beyond a state of emergency.
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Traina, Gloria, Pål E. Martinussen, and Eli Feiring. "Being Healthy, Being Sick, Being Responsible: Attitudes towards Responsibility for Health in a Public Healthcare System." Public Health Ethics 12, no. 2 (June 24, 2019): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/phe/phz009.
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Abstract Lifestyle-induced diseases are becoming a burden on healthcare, actualizing the discussion on health responsibilities. Using data from the National Association for Heart and Lung Diseases (LHL)’s 2015 Health Survey (N = 2689), this study examined the public’s attitudes towards personal and social health responsibility in a Norwegian population. The questionnaires covered self-reported health and lifestyle, attitudes towards personal responsibility and the authorities’ responsibility for promoting health, resource-prioritisation and socio-demographic characteristics. Block-wise multiple linear regression assessed the association between attitudes towards health responsibilities and individual lifestyle, political orientation and health condition. We found a moderate support for social responsibility across political views. Respondents reporting unhealthier eating habits, smokers and physically inactive were less supportive of health promotion policies (including information, health incentives, prevention and regulations). The idea that individuals are responsible for taking care of their health was widely accepted as an abstract ideal. Yet, only a third of the respondents agreed with introducing higher co-payments for treatment of ‘self-inflicted’ conditions and levels of support were patterned by health-related behaviour and left-right political orientation. Our study suggests that a significant support for social responsibility does not exclude a strong support for personal health responsibility. However, conditional access to healthcare based on personal lifestyle is still controversial.
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Dos Santos Ribeiro, Eduarda, Elianara Kelly Vieira da Silva, Letícia de Albuquerque Jatobá, Wanneska Nogueira Andrade, and Lays Nogueira Miranda. "Qualidade de vida no trabalho de enfermeiros de instituições hospitalares da rede pública." Enfermería Global 20, no. 3 (July 2, 2021): 461–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.456911.
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Objetivo: Analizar la Calidad de Vida en el Trabajo (CVT) de enfermeras en hospitales públicos. Método: Estudio cuantitativo descriptivo transversal, realizado en dos hospitales públicos ubicados en la ciudad de Maceió / AL, de febrero a abril de 2020, donde 78 enfermeros respondieron dos cuestionarios auto-cumplimentados, el primero de ellos sociodemográfico y otro cuestionario estructurado relacionado con la evaluación CVT (TQWL-42). Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino (93,6%), carga total de trabajo de 60 horas o más (56,4%), turnos de mañana, tarde y noche (41%), tipo de contrato público (74,4%), el aspecto de significación de la tarea tuvo un promedio positivo (4,34) y el aspecto de servicios de salud y asistencia social tuvo un promedio negativo (2,35). El ámbito psicológico / conductual predominó con una media de (3,69) y, según la representación gráfica de la muestra según el TQWL-42, el aspecto de significación de la tarea obtuvo un resultado satisfactorio (83,49). Conclusiones: El CVT de los enfermeros fue evaluado como ni positivo ni negativo, requiriendo la ampliación de nuevos estudios sobre la importancia de los aspectos, para resolver los problemas en cuestión. Objective: To analyze the Quality of Life at Work (QWL) of nurses in public hospitals. Method: Quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out in public hospitals located in the city of Maceió / AL, from February to April 2020, from where 78 nurses answered the self-fulfilled questionnaires, the first sociodemographic and other structured questionnaire related to it evaluation QLW (TQWL-42). The data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics. Results: Female sex predominated (93.6%), total workload of 60 hours or more (56.4%), working hours, afternoon and night (41%), type of public contract (74.4%), the aspect of significance of the positive attitude (4.34) and the aspect of health services and social assistance as negative (2.35). The psychological / behavioral scope predominated with a mean of (3.69) and, according to the graphical representation of the subject according to the TQWL-42, the aspect of significance of the task obtained a satisfactory result (83.49). Conclusion: The QLT of the sick was evaluated as positive in negative, requiring the expansion of new studies on the importance of aspects, to solve the problems in question. Objetivo: Analisar a Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho (QVT) dos enfermeiros de instituições hospitalares da rede pública. Método: Estudo quantitativo descritivo de corte transversal, realizado em dois hospitais públicos localizados no município de Maceió/AL, no período de fevereiro a abril de 2020, onde 78 enfermeiros responderam dois questionários de autopreenchimento, sendo o primeiro um questionário sociodemográfico e outro questionário estruturado relacionados à avaliação da QVT (TQWL-42). Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados: Predominou o sexo feminino (93,6%), carga horária total de 60h ou mais (56,4%), turnos de trabalho matutino, vespertino e noturno (41%), tipo de contrato concursado (74,4%), o aspecto significância da tarefa apresentou média positiva (4,34) e o aspecto serviço de saúde e assistência social apresentou média negativa (2,35). Prevaleceu a esfera psicológico/comportamental com a média de (3,69) e, segundo a representação gráfica da amostra de acordo com o TQWL-42, o aspecto significância da tarefa obteve resultado satisfatório (83,49). Conclusão: A QVT dos enfermeiros foi avaliada como nem positiva, nem negativa, sendo necessário a ampliação de novos estudos sobre a importância dos aspectos, a fim de solucionar as problemáticas em questão.
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Tarber, Christel, Lisbeth Frostholm, and Emma Rehfeld. "Talking at cross purposes: Negotiation of the sick role with a MUS patient as a real time social process." Tidsskrift for Forskning i Sygdom og Samfund 13, no. 24 (August 2, 2016): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/tfss.v13i24.18843.
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Medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) challenge our perception of illness. As a consequence, a MUS-patient’s legitimised entry into the sick role, as defined by Parsons, poses a problem for physicians and patients alike. The encounter between patients with MUS and physicians therefore can be frustrating for both parties. The present study is a single case analysis of such an encounter in primary care. Using the microanalytical method of conversation analysis, this study aims to provide a contextualised description of both the patient’s and the physician’s different orientations to the purpose of the encounter. This approach locates the source of the frustration in the participants’ incompatible interactional projects. The patient is oriented towards the emotional and life world aspects of her situation. She is pursuing recognition, not only of the destructive effect that the symptoms have on all aspects of her life, but also of herself as a morally sound person. The physician, on the contrary, is oriented towards avoiding to psychologise the patient and keeping the focus on reaching an agreement about future clinical action. The physician uses ancillary questions to refocus the emotionally loaded contributions from the patient and maintain structured progression. Consequently, physician and patient are talking at cross purposes, and it is argued that this is a structurally facilitated pitfall of the conventional format of primary care visits that physicians are trained to adhere to.
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Costanza, Alessandra, Andrea Amerio, Andrea Aguglia, Andrea Escelsior, Gianluca Serafini, Isabella Berardelli, Maurizio Pompili, and Mario Amore. "When Sick Brain and Hopelessness Meet: Some Aspects of Suicidality in the Neurological Patient." CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 19, no. 4 (October 13, 2020): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527319666200611130804.
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: Neurological diseases expose individuals to a higher risk of suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior, including completed suicides and suicide attempts. They also represent a paradigmatic arena to study the etiopathogenic mechanisms underlying suicidality because they are emblematic of the heterogeneity and complexity of mutual interrelationships characterizing this issue. On the one hand, neurological diseases imply strictly biological impairments that are postulated to be the basis of vulnerability to suicide or result in the need for treatments for which a suicidal risk has been hypothesized. On the other hand, they question some subjective experiences of neurological patients, up to near existential positions. Often, in fact, they are accompanied by severe hopelessness. The latter may originate in, particularly for the most severe neurological diseases, the absence of curative treatments, unpredictable disease progression that leads to acute relapses or chronicity, a decrease in autonomy or selfidentity, progressive social isolation, a sense of becoming useless, and perception of feeling stigmatized. This may ultimately cause a slip into experiencing an absurd condition. At the confluence of neurobiology and hopelessness, frequent psychiatric comorbidities may play a primary role. To conclude, neurological patients require special attention from clinicians in form of openly verbalizing and exploring the suicidal thematic, inquiring about protective and risk factors, and promptly initiating both a psychopharmacological treatment and, where possible, psychological support.
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Zhang, Jian, Tao Tian, Jinying Cui, Gordon M. Hickey, Rui Zhou, Jianguo Liu, and Youcai Xiong. "Sustainability Evaluation on the Grain to Green Program in the Hexi Corridor of China: A Metacoupled System Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 1498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031498.
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Most previous studies aim to predict ecosystem sustainability from the perspective of a sole human or natural system and have frequently failed to achieve their desired outcome. Based on the coupled human and natural system (CHANS) and its interaction with other systems, we attempted to analyze the effectiveness of the Grain to Green Program and predict future trends in the Hexi Corridor, the hub of the ancient silk road of China. At different scales, we applied a metacoupling framework to investigate the flows, effects, and causes of the complex CHANS. Three typical inner river watersheds within the corridor at three different geographic scales (local, regional and national) were estimated and compared. The Telecoupling Geo App, additional models, and software tools were employed to evaluate the CHANS series of the focal system (Hexi Corridor, local), adjacent system (Gansu Province, regional), and distant system (China, national). The results showed that most flows can be screened and quantitatively analyzed across focal, adjacent and distant systems. The social and economic transformations in adjacent and distant systems could affect the possibility and whereabouts of labor transfer in the focal system. Moreover, the labor migration increased the implementation efficiency of the Grain to Green Program as a Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) strategy, thereby improving its ecological benefits. For the first time, we established a metacoupled model to quantitatively evaluate aspects of ecosystem sustainability in China, providing insight to the theory and application of sustainability science.
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STRACHECKA, ANETA, ALEKSANDRA ŁOŚ, JOANNA FILIPCZUK, and MICHAŁ SCHULZ. "Individual and social immune mechanisms of the honey bee (Apis mellifera)." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 74, no. 1 (2018): 6013–2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6013.
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Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are constantly exposed to contact with many types of pathogens. However, during evolution they developed a number of immune mechanisms. At the individual level, they comprise 1) resistance mechanisms associated with anatomical and physiological barriers of the body, 2) cell-mediated immunity involving hemocytes (including plasmocytes, lamellocytes, and granulocytes), 3a) congenital humoral resistance related to the activity of lysozyme (N-acetylmuramylhydrolase), the prophenylooxidase system (ProPO) and hemagglutinins (lectins), and 3b) induced humoral resistence based on the action of antimicrobial peptides: apidicines, hymenoptecin, and defensins. In addition to the individual resistance of each bee, there is also a defense mechanism activated at the colony level. Shared secretion resistance is connected with the presence of antipathogenic compounds in secreta and in bee products. Social immunity is associated with hygienic and nursing behaviors, as well as with age polyethism in the colony, swarming (and the emergence of rebel workers), and the changing behavior of sick individuals. Many aspects and interactions between different types of resistance and immunity still remain unexplored. However, current research trends revolve around clarifying uncertainties so as to strengthen the natural resistance of bees and fight against pathogens that threaten the insects..
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Spindelman, Marc S. "Legislating Privilege." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 30, no. 1 (2002): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2002.tb00716.x.
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Serious concerns about pervasive, persistent, and unjustified social inequalities have prompted a small—but growing—number of academic commentators to raise some hard and troubling questions for those who would like to legalize physician-assisted suicide. In various ways, these commentators have asked: In light of existing social inequalities—inequalities that operate, for example, along sometimes intersecting lines of race, class, age, sex (including sexual orientation), and disability—how persuasive are autonomy-based arguments in favor of legalization of assisted suicide when those arguments depend (as they typically do) on a conception of autonomy that either presupposes social equality or does not expressly account for its absence? How compelling are arguments that we ought to legalize assisted suicide out of feelings of mercy for the sick and dying, when such affective expressions may actually be the socially acceptable manifestation of private ambivalence that includes merciless discrimination?
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Marlina, Marlina. "NOVEL JEMBATAN KARYA OLYRINSON PERSPEKTIF SOSIOLOGIS." Madah: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 3, no. 2 (August 28, 2017): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.31503/madah.v3i2.576.
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The aim of this paper is to describe a novel with the title “Jembatan” that is observed from the sociological perspective. In order to have further understanding, the writer analyzed the aspects that build a novel such as the plot, the actors, the background, then theme and the message. Meanwhile, the social aspect was compared with the condition that happened in the community where the background of the novel was and it placed to the wider system that the macro structure in relation with the social dan cultural facts of the society.This research used qualitative method by applying the structural and sociological theory of literature. Hence, this research was a micro system that a system that existed in literature work. In fact, this novel really described the condition of the community in Siak River when the constructing of Siak Bridge was on progress. This Novel could be one of the media to critize the government, bus inessmen, and parliament members, that there are many people in Riau still live under the poverty line.AbstrakKarya tulis ini memaparkan novel Jembatan ditinjau dari segi perspektif sosiologisnya. Untuk memahami lebih jelas, penulis menganalisis unsur-unsur yang membangun novel Jembatan, diantaranya alur, tokoh, latar, tema, dan amanat. Sementara itu, aspek sosialnya dibandingkan dengan kondisi yang terj adi dalam masyarakat yang ada di latar tempat novel tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan menggunakan teori struktural dan sosiologi sastra. Dengan demikian, penelitian terhadap novel Jembatan tersebut, sebagai suatu sistem mikro yaitu sistem yang ada di dalam sebuah karya sastra, diletakkan dalam sistem yan g lebih luas yaitu struktur makro dalam kaitannya dengan kenyataan sosial budaya masyarakat. Novel Jembatan ternyata memang menggambarkan kondisi masyarakat Siak ketika pembangunan Jembatan Siak sedang berlangsung. Novel Jembatan dapat menjadi media kritik kepada penguasa, pengusaha, dan wakil rakyat, bahwa masih banyak masyarakat Riau yag kehidupannya di bawah garis kemiskinan.
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Stone, Deborah. "Protect the Sick: Health Insurance Reform in One Easy Lesson." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 36, no. 4 (2008): 652–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2008.00319.x.
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In most other nations, insurance for medical care is called sickness insurance, and it covers sick people. In the United States, we have “health insurance,” and its major carriers — commercial insurers, large employers, and increasingly government programs — strive to avoid sick people and cover only the healthy. This perverse logic at the heart of the American health insurance system is the key to reform debates.Focusing on sick people versus healthy people might seem a strange way to view the coverage issue. Most discussions of insurance categorize people into other groupings: the insured versus the uninsured; Caucasian whites versus other racial and ethnic groups; men versus women; poor and low-income people versus everybody else; children, adults, and the elderly; or citizens versus immigrants and undocumented aliens. More recently, health researchers have begun talking about “vulnerable populations,” using most of the same demographic groupings and adding other illness-inducing factors such as social isolation, stress, and impoverished neighborhoods. But as I will show, insurance plans now use premiums, cost-sharing, and other design features in ways that indirectly divide each of these groups into the sick and the healthy, to the detriment of the sick. By shifting the costs of illness onto people who use medical care — that is, sick people — market-oriented reforms of the last few decades have eroded insurance in the name of strengthening it.
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Sukhodolov, A. P., and I. V. Anokhov. "One Belt One Road Project: Harmonization of Russia’s and China’s Long-tTrm Interests." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 3(66) (July 28, 2019): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2019-3-66-89-110.
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The article aims at evaluating the One Belt One Road project implemented by China that will define long-term trajectories of the world trade and finance development as well as prospects of Russia’s participation in this project. It seems that the project under consideration is not a full alternative to the existing nowadays world system of railroad and sea shipping both from the viewpoint of the shipping cost and the scope of investment required. A possibility of full-scale refocusing of Russia’s transport systems (the Trans-Siberian Railway, the Northern Sea Route) on the One Belt One Road project is not currently obvious, thus, one cannot state with certainty Russia’s role in this project. Besides, implementing this project results in building in Eurasia a China-centric economy system that does not coincide with the structures built by Russia, i.e. the Eurasian Economic Union, the Customs Union and other ones. At the same time, the One Belt One Road project seems to have no alternatives. None of the other countries has proposed a project that can be compared with the One Belt One Road one in terms of being large-scale, having a global impact as well as long-term effects. It is believed, that after the implementation of the project is complete, the technological and social differences between Europe’s and China’s potentials, which were the reason for shipping goods from Southeast Asia to Europe over the past centuries, will be reduced to a significant extent. In terms of this the China-centric world will have to provide different noneconomic reasons for its existence, i.e. provide the world with new values and meanings of the postindustrial world. In this context Russia’s participating in the One Belt One Road project may appear to be necessary: Russia can act as a project’s security operator, a mediator between China and the countries who are participants of the Silk Road Economic Belt in cases where their interests collide. Russia can also generate values and meanings of economic processes. The safe transportation routes Russia has, i.e. the Trans-Siberian Railway, the Northern Sea Route as well as long-term friendly relations with the countries-participants of the Silk Road Economic Belt and Russia’s being experienced in harmonizing different interests can become the key aspects contributing to success of this project.
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d'Oronzio, Joseph C. "Universal Access on the American Commons." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 3, no. 4 (1994): 627–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096318010000551x.
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As the concept of universal access to healthcare comes to America, an ethical paradox emerges. “Access” is the code word for being assured that sick people without financial resources get appropriate medical care. There is an ethical imperative to provide care for the sick – whether paying or not – and this value ought to give direction to any reformed system.
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Yarborough, Mark. "The Private Health Insurance Industry: The Real Barrier to Healthcare Access?" Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 3, no. 1 (1994): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180100004771.
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Any humane society needs a just and compassionate way to care for those who are sick, and should be vigilant in identifying and eliminating barriers that frustrate efforts to adequately care for the sick. Some current insurance underwriting practices constitute effective barriers to access to healthcare and serve to diminish the place of freedom and justice in our healthcare system.
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Inusa, Yaktor Joshua, Doris Hooi Chyee Toe, and Kum Weng Yong. "Defining the Building Blocks and the Priority Areas for Cooperation Under the Belt and Road Initiative." International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 8, no. 2 (May 11, 2021): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v8.n2.671.
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The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a China’s endeavour to globally connect the countries along two major routes. This paper examines the keywords defining the building blocks and priority areas under the BRI and their relationship in order to foster a practical understanding of the BRI for enhancing regional cooperation and connectivity along the routes. The methodology employed was a systematic literature review involving four stages. Firstly, a broad search in the Scopus database (2016-2020) using BRI or similar terms returned n=1,710 articles which were further limited using the keywords: building blocks, priority areas, policy coordination, infrastructure connectivity, unimpeded trade, financial integration and people-to-people exchange. Other keywords considered were community and Silk Road. The articles were then screened and assessed resulting in 155 articles reviewed in this study. The review reveals that while the building blocks are the aim motivating the BRI, hence the spirit behind it, the five priority areas provide practical methods through which China and other countries along the Belt and Road routes will focus their collective development. The relationship between the two aspects owes to the fact that people are involved at all spheres of the initiative bringing about emphasis on the people-to-people exchange which is a core part of social dimension in sustainable development. In contribution, this paper presents a unique perspective for looking at the BRI for a focused discussion of its cooperative framework which could serve as a foundation for further research in various sectors
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Silva-Costa, Aline, Pollyana C. S. Ferreira, Rosane H. Griep, and Lucia Rotenberg. "Association between Presenteeism, Psychosocial Aspects of Work and Common Mental Disorders among Nursing Personnel." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 16, 2020): 6758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186758.
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Presenteeism is the term used to describe going in to work even with a health problem. The phenomenon has been identified as one prior factor in sickness absence and, accordingly, the better it is understood, the better will be the prevention strategies. This study aimed to examine the mediating role of presenteeism (the ability to concentrate on work and to complete work despite a health problem) in the association between psychosocial factors at work and common mental disorders (CMD). This cross-sectional study included 1218 nursing personnel at a public hospital in Brazil. Structural equation modelling was performed. The sample comprised mostly women (85.4%), and the mean age was 44.1 (SD = 11.3; range: 24–70) years. Prevalence of presenteeism was 32.8%. Among presenteeist workers (n = 400), a relationship was observed between presenteeism and higher CMD scores. Furthermore, being able to concentrate on work even with a health problem mediated the relationship between social support and CMD and between psychological demands and CMD. Working when sick impairs both the work and the worker’s health. Interventions designed to improve working conditions and interpersonal relations can be effective strategies against presenteeism.
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Gribkova, I. V., V. N. Stepanova, and A. A. Zavyalov. "Psychological rehabilitation in pediatric oncology." Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology 19, no. 3 (October 9, 2020): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24287/1726-1708-2020-19-3-151-157.
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An oncological disease affects all aspects of the life of a sick child and leaves its mark on its further development, including causing serious changes in the emotional, cognitive, personal and behavioral areas. This leads to a decrease in the quality of life, difficulties of social adaptation. Therefore, such children need psychological help. The article provides an overview of modern research on psychological rehabilitation methods. The following methods are described: sports, artistic activities, the study of foreign languages, laughter therapy, etc. Attention is paid to what methods are most effective for violations in a particular psychological field.
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Shkuran, Oksana Vladimirovna. "LANGUAGE UNITS WITH SACRED SEMANTICS: LINGUOCULTUROLOGICAL AND LEXICOGRAPHIC ASPECTS." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 10, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 336–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2019-10-2-336-352.
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Proverbs are precedent language units that relate to the field of speech elements. The presence of sacred components in the composition of these units, reinterpreted in according to the speech situation, indicates a high motivation of the internal form of the communicative microstructure. In our article we call them linguistic units with sacred semantics and give the definition as a complexly structured moralizing statement with holistic and generalized ideas about the positive attitude of folk culture to traditional religion. The studied proverbs have parallel components arranged in a linear sequence. An important feature for the paremiological semantics is “weak thoughts”, i.e. which are difficult to be understood without knowing the situation that they fully characterize. For proverbs, a discursive intention is important, which illustrates cognitive content with moral, and in our case, traditionally confessional function. Modern social, ideological, moral, ethical and everyday problems are correlated and commensurate with the existence of the sacred world in order to give current problems both universal and temporary features giving an assessment from the point of view of the tenets of traditional religion. The article on the diachronic socio-historical and cultural background illustrates the ethno-labeling markers grief, trouble, strength, mind as part of stable language units with sacred semantics gore - ne beda; sila yest - uma ne nado ; the main periods of common usage named components in lexicographical sources are presented and the sacralization of these meanings in russian orthodox culture is represented. However, in the process of civilizational changes, we state the profane of sacred meanings to ironic level. These proverbs - linguistics with sacred semantics - at the same time both phrase combination and aphoristic statement, and micro-text with deep linguistic and culturological content, reflecting different historical, ideological, political eras. The defiling process of the language units with sacred semantics can be explained by the open form of the proverbs themselves, involving various forms of transformations. Due to the active people abuse they develop special principles of attitude to the world, to god, to a man, use it in their native language and in many ways with the help of language that opens up opportunities for us to study new linguistic subparadigms.
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BROWN, MICHAEL. "RETHINKING EARLY NINETEENTH-CENTURY ASYLUM REFORM." Historical Journal 49, no. 2 (June 2006): 425–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x06005279.
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This article seeks, through the medium of a case study of the York Lunatic Asylum scandal of 1813 to 1815, to rethink aspects of the existing historiography of early nineteenth-century asylum reform. By moving away from the normative medical historical focus on ‘madness’ and ‘custody’, it relates the reform of lunatic asylums to the wider social, cultural, and political currents of the early nineteenth century. In particular, it demonstrates how the conflict over the administration of the York Asylum represented a clash between different conceptions of social power and public accountability which were rooted in mutually opposed cultural ideologies. In addition, by bringing more recent work on identity and performance to bear on a classic set of historical issues, it also seeks to investigate how the reform of lunatic asylums, and the cultural shifts which they embodied, impacted upon the social identities of medical practitioners engaged in the charitable care of the sick and mad.
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Wang, Qing, and Xiaorong Zhang. "A Multimodal Discourse Analysis of a Propaganda Image—Taking the Official Homepage of One Belt and One Road Economic and Cultural Development Center as an Example." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 7, no. 12 (December 3, 2017): 1261. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0712.13.
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Nowadays, China is overwhelmed by the thoughts of “One Belt and One Road Economic and Cultural Development”, which was proposed by President Xi Jinping in 2013. That is the main reason why we choose the propaganda image of One Belt and One Road Economic and Cultural Development Center, an official homepage (http://www.oborecdc.org), as research target. And we call it “One Belt and One Road Multimodal Discourse” for convenience in this paper. This paper, applying Kress & van Leeuwen’s Visual Grammar theoretical framework, is studied with qualitative analysis from three aspects, which are representational function, interactive function and compositional function. Besides, based on the specific social and cultural context, the paper gives a specific analysis of how different semiotic resources work together to produce a integrated meaning system. It is founded that: 1) For representational function, “One Belt and One Road Multimodal Discourse” belongs to a conceptual image, which includes the classification process and symbolism process; 2) As for interactive function, the designer builds the interactive relationship with viewers by using frontal-horizontal angle of view; 3) In composing the whole image, due to the different value of information, the designer composes the image by using different location, size and color. Specifically speaking, the central writing system belongs to the main mode, while the other visual modes mainly complement or highlight it in order to effectively realize the total meaning of the whole image; 4) Based on specific social and cultural context, the designer combines the historical symbol-Silk Road and cultural symbol-Chinese Red with realistic Symbol-globalization, to realize the complete meaning of “One Belt and One Road Multimodal Discourse”. It is theoretically and practically significant to do this research. Theoretically speaking, it enriches the relative research on static multimodal discourse analysis. In practice, it helps viewers to understand the implied meaning of “One Belt and One Road Multimodal Discourse” better.
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Guagnano, Giuseppina, and Isabella Santini. "Active citizenship in Europe: the role of social capital." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 40, no. 1/2 (December 11, 2019): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-05-2019-0100.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show if and to what extent in the EU countries the probability of being an active citizen depends on individual/household social capital endowment, other than on individual/household socio-economic characteristics. The paper provides a deeper insight of the determinants of active citizenship due to the growing concern of the European Commission with citizens’ issues. Design/methodology/approach The core of the paper, which adopts a micro-level perspective, is an empirical analysis, based on a logistic model, of the EU-SILC 2015 survey data. Findings The statistical analysis reveals that individual/household social capital, other than individual/household socio-economic characteristics, represents an important prerequisite for a citizen to be defined as “active.” Research limitations/implications There may be a possible reverse causation between active citizenship and social capital, making this last endogenous. Therefore, results should be taken with some cautions; nevertheless, the estimated effects of the individual/household socio-economic characteristics are coherent with the literature, giving strenght to the results obtained in estimating social capital effects. Practical implications The results show that active citizenship could be enhanced by promoting “desirable” aspects of social capital through specific policies addressed to raise people’s civic and political awareness, active solidarity and connectedness and cooperation between individuals within the communities for their own benefit. Moreover, a crucial role in enhancing active citizenship can be undoubtedly played by a lifelong learning process, from school to adult age, directed to maintain and acquire skills as drivers for active citizenship. Originality/value This study fills a significant gap in the literature, since so far little attention has been paid to individual/household social capital endowment as possible determinant of active citizenship.
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Marnelly, T. Romi. "DINAMIKA SOSIAL BUDAYA MASYARAKAT MELAYU PESISIR (Studi Pengelolaan Madu Sialang di Desa Rawa Mekar Jaya)." Jurnal Antropologi: Isu-Isu Sosial Budaya 19, no. 2 (January 21, 2018): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jaisb.v19.n2.p149-154.2017.
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All societies experience the change. But also with the society that is in the village of Rawa Mekar Jaya, Subdistrict of Sungai Apit, Regency of Siak. Here, there is unique tradition that is called menumbai interrelated the use of sialang’s honey bee. Together with the age development, this tradition starts to have dynamics. So that the questions come 1) What kind of aspects that experience the cultural social change in the processing activity of sialang’s honey bee in the village of Rawa Mekar Jaya Then, what kind of factors that push that change?. The research method that is used is descriptive qualitative. The location election in the village of Rawa Mekar Jaya because this location has sialang’s tree and the activity that is involved with the sialang’s honey. The research subject consists of the village chief, society figure, owner of sialang trunk and sialang’s trunk climber. The Data Collecting Technics are such as observation and deep interview. The sampling technic is namly purposive sampling. Based on the research result, it can be known that the aspects that experience the change in the processing activity of sialang’s honey is aspect of language, knowledge, tools and life equipment, economy system and religion system. Meanwhile, the factors that push the change is the contact with another culture, unsatisfication of society towards certain life sectors, future orientation and value that the human should struggle to fix the life.
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Mayarni, Zaili Rusli, Geovani Meiwanda, and Abdul Sadad. "Institutional Governance for the Utilization of Post Replanting Sustainable Palm Oil in Riau Province." Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal 3, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/biohs.v3i1.367.
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Built-in oil palm plantations have multiple functions, namely economic, social and environmental functions that are not owned by other sectors outside agriculture. With this multifunctionality, oil palm plantations contribute, both economically, socially and environmentally, to the achievement of the SDGs. This study aims to determine institutional governance related to utilizing palm sap into brown sugar as a source of post-replanting income in order to improve the sustainable economic aspects of the community. This research chooses a descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The results of this study found that in the management of palm sap in the village of maredan barat, tualang sub-district, siak district, during the replanting period, a strong and well-coordinated management system was needed, so that the management of this palm sap could develop, especially to improve the community's economic level in a sustainable manner, considering the potential of palm oil which is still in nature. global and has a long-term advantage. Increasing partnerships in terms of management is also a major aspect for the realization of this sustainability.
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Cymbranowicz, Katarzyna Beata. "Analysis and Assessment of the ‘Working Poor’ Phenomenon among Young People in the European Union." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica 3, no. 348 (June 22, 2020): 91–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.348.05.
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The article discusses the ‘working poor’ phenomenon among young people. This phenomenon is associated with the labor market on the one hand and poverty on the other. It is an interesting object of study, because currently more and more people are threatened by poverty in the European Union, even though they are included in the basic social institution, which is the labor market. The aim of this study was to show the relationship between the work and the problem of poverty in the context of the working poor phenomenon, and the analysis and evaluation focused on determining the level and structure of the working poor among young people in the European Union. The situation of working poor can be presented thanks to the results of the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions. This study aims to collect current and comparable data on the distribution of income and social integration at the transnational level in the EU, including: income and living conditions, poverty and social exclusion, education, professional activity and health, as well as childcare and housing conditions. Unfortunately, the EU‑SILC study (although regularly implemented) is not always a complete source of data, because every year other aspects of socio‑economic life are explored. Nevertheless, the information obtained from the Eurostat database and EU‑SILC studies, makes it possible to carry out comparable statistical analyzes, in this case for the working poor group. Based on the statistical analysis and assessment of the situation of young people included in the working poor group in the EU, based on Eurostat database and EU‑SILC studies, it can be stated that the problem of poor and poverty exist among them. It undermines the view that employment is a factor that counteracts poverty and that full employment is the best remedy for poverty and social exclusion.
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Shan, Xuemei. "“一带一路”倡议背景下中国新疆高校外语教育发展路径探索." Oriental Studies 20, no. 4 (2021): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-4-187-194.
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The most important competition of the 21st century is that of talents. How to make higher education and the cultivation of talents contribute to the long-term national development agenda and the construction of a community of a shared future for mankind is a significant task and mission of higher education in China. The Belt and Road Initiative is one of the means to share the Chinese experiences, Chinese wisdom and bonus of reform and opening-up. Construction of the core area of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the implementation of the Open Up West Program call for talents to contribute to the regional development. It has brought both opportunities and challenges to foreign language education in universities and colleges in Xinjiang. The cultivation of talents in foreign language education must integrate into the scope of internationalization in national higher education and meet its expectations of talents by focusing on fostering character and civic virtue, maintaining and serving regional social stability and long-term security and pursuing development in the long run. The tripartite route of development is as follows. Firstly, it is expected to design and carry out the tasks and agenda in line with China’s Ministry of Education’s concern of internationalization in higher education. Secondly, it is vital to focus on important aspects with a deep awareness of opportunities and challenges of internationalization. Thirdly, it is of practical significance to explore various potentials of development through Sino-Russian cooperation in faculty training and development, cultivation of talents, scientific research and cultural exchange with the help of platforms of cooperation in operation. With the joint efforts of both parties, there is hope that the cultivation of talents in foreign language education will bolster mutual capabilities in serving the Belt and Road Initiative.
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Giorgi, Gabriele, Luigi Isaia Lecca, Federico Alessio, Georgia Libera Finstad, Giorgia Bondanini, Lucrezia Ginevra Lulli, Giulio Arcangeli, and Nicola Mucci. "COVID-19-Related Mental Health Effects in the Workplace: A Narrative Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (October 27, 2020): 7857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217857.
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The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has deeply altered social and working environments in several ways. Social distancing policies, mandatory lockdowns, isolation periods, and anxiety of getting sick, along with the suspension of productive activity, loss of income, and fear of the future, jointly influence the mental health of citizens and workers. Workplace aspects can play a crucial role on moderating or worsening mental health of people facing this pandemic scenario. The purpose of this literature review is to deepen the psychological aspects linked to workplace factors, following the epidemic rise of COVID-19, in order to address upcoming psychological critical issues in the workplaces. We performed a literature search using Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus, selecting papers focusing on workers’ psychological problems that can be related to the workplace during the pandemic. Thirty-five articles were included. Mental issues related to the health emergency, such as anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and sleep disorders are more likely to affect healthcare workers, especially those on the frontline, migrant workers, and workers in contact with the public. Job insecurity, long periods of isolation, and uncertainty of the future worsen the psychological condition, especially in younger people and in those with a higher educational background. Multiple organizational and work-related interventions can mitigate this scenario, such as the improvement of workplace infrastructures, the adoption of correct and shared anti-contagion measures, including regular personal protective equipment (PPE) supply, and the implementation of resilience training programs. This review sets the basis for a better understanding of the psychological conditions of workers during the pandemic, integrating individual and social perspectives, and providing insight into possible individual, social, and occupational approaches to this “psychological pandemic”.
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Vanacore, Giuseppe, and Antonio Santoro. "Cure dialitiche domiciliari. Una frontiera da raggiungere, senza trascurare le criticità." Giornale di Clinica Nefrologica e Dialisi 32, no. 1 (December 7, 2020): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33393/gcnd.2020.2196.
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The National Plan of Chronicity, approved by the Italian State-Regions Conference, refers to the topic of home care, specifying how the fundamental objective of chronic care systems is to keep the sick person at home as much as possible. Currently, home dialysis – both peritoneal and haemodialysis – uses high-quality safe technology systems and allows patients to perform therapy safely at home. ANED wishes to stress that the choice of dialysis treatment, which certainly depends on clinical evaluations, must at the same time consider the psychological and emotional aspects of the patient, the expectations and needs of his life and the social context, aiming at an increasingly personalized and sustainable therapy for patients and the healthcare system.
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Chacón Valera, Carla, María Bartolomé Regué, Sergi Font Ritort, and Esther Cabrera Torres. "How to Undertake Aging in a Healthy Way: Changes and Opportunities." Aquichan 19, no. 1 (February 27, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2019.19.1.5.
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Objective: To know the socio-demographic characteristics of the elderly adults (60-70 years), of the population of Mataró (Barcelona), and their relationship with the knowledge degree and training needs perceived to face a healthy aging. Materials and methods: Descriptive observational cross-sectional study in which a sample of 306 people was analysed. Socio-demographic data and variables related to leisure activities, health status, training, formative needs and predisposition to take a course on aging were evaluated. Results: About a 60 % of the respondents showed interest in receiving training about; healthy habits (59,1 %), proper diet (62,0 %), work out (59,6 %), future limitations (62,6 %), why we grow old (61,0 %), frequent illnesses in the elderly (62,5 %), use of medication (66,1 %), use of the health system (61,9 %), social resources (70,0 %), new technologies (64,0 %), care of sick people (60,5 %), and security aspects (61,6 %). Conclusions: There is a need to receive training among the elderly adult population in order to cope with aging in a healthier way. The main needs perceived by the elderly are: Healthy habits, possible future limitations due to the aging process, use of medication, functioning of the health system and access to social resources, new technologies and, finally, caring for sick relatives.
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Rothman, Sheila M. "Seek and Hide: Public Health Departments and Persons with Tuberculosis, 1890–1940." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 21, no. 3-4 (1993): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1993.tb01253.x.
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In 1882 Koch discovered the tubercle bacillus and transformed both the medical and the social history of tuberculosis and the experiences of those who contracted it. For the first time, the absence or presence of the bacillus made it possible to define, in Koch’s terms, “the boundaries of the diseases to be understood as tuberculosis.” And for the first time the sick became subject to oversight and discrimination.Prior to Koch’s discovery, tuberculosis, or as it was then called, consumption, was considered a hereditary and non-contagious disease, albeit a very deadly and persistent one. Over the first half of the nineteenth century, it was responsible for one out of every five deaths. It crossed all boundaries of geography, social class, age, and sex affecting residents in rural as well as urban areas, the prosperous as well as the poor, the young even more notably than the old, females more often than males. Physicians assumed a familial predisposition existed (as in the case of insanity); following the precepts of humoral medicine, they postulated that the disease originated in “irritations” whose sources were to be found in the interaction of an inherited constitution with a particular lifestyle and environment.
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Kaneko, Hiroshi. "Axiology of Administrative Discretion (gyōsei sairyō) as Well as Administrative Guidance (gyōsei shidō) in Japan from the Perspective of Judicial Control." Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 29, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2020.29.3.135-148.
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<p>In Japan, the Court often examines the technical aspects of administrative discretion if there was a proper decision-making process. Such control could rely too much upon each judges’ viewpoint, which elements in the whole process of administrative discretion have critical gravity to evaluate (<em>kōryo kachi</em>). The pre-war legal scholars suggested the best way to increase judicial protection on the citizens’ rights endangered by administrative discretion. The need to establish robust legal theory based on it the Court guarantees the balance between smooth enactment of administrative measures and maintenance of social justice is still enormous. Administrative guidance was, for a long time, out of the scope of judicial control. This institution is Japan’s original so that its implication well exceeds the standard understanding of mere instruction in other legal cultures. The Japanese Court acknowledges the existence of “forced consent” behind it more frequently in recent years.</p>