Academic literature on the topic 'Social aspects of Sino-Japanese War'
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Journal articles on the topic "Social aspects of Sino-Japanese War"
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Sato Kan, Hiroshi. "Sociology of precondition for Japanese Miracle." Impact 2021, no. 4 (May 11, 2021): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2021.4.38.
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In Japan, World War II was followed by a period of reconstruction and economic growth known as 'the Japanese Miracle'. Although the economic aspects of the nation's recovery are known, there is little emphasis placed on the social development efforts that facilitated this. Professor Hiroshi Sato, Chief Senior Researcher, Institute of Developing Economies; Japan External Trade Organization (IDE-JETRO), believes that social development policies are the precursor to economic growth and pave the way for social change. He is collaborating with other leading researchers on a range of projects to explore the links between social development and economic growth in developing countries. Sato is collaborating with: Professor Kazuko Tatsumi, Fukuoka University to investigate the rural livelihood improvement movement in post-war Japan; Professor Mariko Sakamoto, Aichi Medical University to explore the impact of Occupation policy on public health; and Associate Professor Mayuko Sano, Fukuoka Prefectural University to investigate the history of coal mining town Tagawa city. Sato believes that the rapid economic growth of developing countries without prior social development is unsustainable and widens the gap between rich and poor, with the distribution of wealth becoming unfairly biased towards the rich.
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BRODY, HOWARD, SARAH E. LEONARD, JING-BAO NIE, and PAUL WEINDLING. "U.S. Responses to Japanese Wartime Inhuman Experimentation after World War II." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 23, no. 2 (February 12, 2014): 220–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180113000753.
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Yasunori Kitao. "The Importance of Invisible Local Industrial and Social Aspects on The Modern Architectural Project: Evaluating An Example of A Community Centre of The 1950s In Japan." Creative Space 5, no. 2 (January 1, 2018): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/cs.2018.52003.
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The purpose of this paper is to evaluate an example of modern architecture in Shiogama Japan. The evaluation is made in terms of the effect of local industry and local community movements in relation to the transformation of Japanese society in the post-war period. As the ultimate purpose of the Modern Movement in Architecture is to benefit the common people, the current paper is focussed on the Community Centres that were built after Japan’s defeat in the Second World War. At that time, the Japanese society changed rapidly from a military regime to a democratic one. The Community Centre that is dealt with, in this paper was built in the early 1950s, so one can expect to find some aspects of building a democratic society behind the actual building project. Further the invisible and the intangible value of this Community Centre has been discussed in the period when the Japanese government promoted interior resources development projects. The purpose of this research is to understand some hidden historical values of the Community Centre, which represent not only the social phenomenon of that period, the architectural expression and technical aspects of the building but, also, the local industrial heritage. The paper also describes the importance of sustaining support for the local peoples’ activities by conserving this Community Centre and, then, explains how the Municipality of Shiogama decided to renovate this historical piece of modern architecture. Now, the former Community Centre has been re-born as a Community Centre and a Museum of Art for a local painter.
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Buc, Philippe. "Civil war and religion in medieval Japan and medieval Europe: War for the Gods, emotions at death and treason." Indian Economic & Social History Review 57, no. 2 (April 2020): 261–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019464620912616.
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To compare and contrast medieval Japan and medieval Western Europe allows one to discover three things. First, analogous to Catholic holy war, in Japan becomes visible a potential for war (albeit seldom actualised) for the sake, quite surprisingly, of Buddhism. Second, the different role played by emotions during war: in Europe, when vicious (and motivated by emotions such as greed, ambition or lust), they endanger the victors; thus the concern for right emotions foster, to a point, proper behavior during war; in Japan, however, the focus is on the emotions of the defeated, which may hamper a good reincarnation and produce vengeful spirits harmful to the victors and to the community at large. Finally, while Japanese warriors could and often did switch sides, the archipelago did not know for centuries anything approaching the European concept of treason, ideally punished with the highest cruelty, hated and feared to the point of generating collective paranoia and conspiracy theories. Western treason was (and is still) a secularised offspring of the Christian belief in the internal enemy of the Church, the false brethren. Arguably, the texture of the religions present in the two ensembles gave their specific form to these three aspects of warfare.
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Lancashire, Edel. "The Lock of the Heart Controversy in Taiwan, 1962–63: A Question of Artistic Freedom and a Writer's Social Responsibility." China Quarterly 103 (September 1985): 462–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030574100003071x.
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The early 1960s marked a period of intellectual and literary ferment in Taiwan. The East-West Controversy, which had its roots in the debate that took place in the middle of the last century regarding the continued validity of the Chinese tradition in the face of western military and economic superiority and in the controversy regarding westernization as the road to modernization in the 1930s, had broken out afresh. Creative writers, musicians and painters were experimenting with new forms and new techniques. As early as 1954 the writers of modern Chinese poetry had started the search for a more contemporary expression of their art form; and modern poetry societies, each with its own philosophy on how modernization should take place, had come into being. Writers of fiction who up till then had been almost exclusively concerned with the Sino-Japanese War; the mainland before the communist takeover in 1949, or the various aspects of the struggle against communism, were moving away from this kind of “propaganda-motivated writing” towards the production of “pure literature.” However, there were few modern Chinese creative writers of stature on whom either the poet or fiction writer could model himself. This was because of the ban imposed by the government in Taiwan on the works of writers prior to 1949 due to the association of many of them with communism or with ideologies unacceptable to the authorities. This meant that they had to seek for inspiration in the works of western writers which could be found in translation or in pirated versions of the original texts in the major cities of Taiwan. The traditionalists viewed this growing trend with alarm as did those writers who were closely associated with the Kuomintang. The latter had formed themselves during the early 1950s into three writers' associations, the China Association of Literature and Art, the Chinese Youth Writers' Association, and the Taiwan Women Writers' Association.
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Español Solana, Darío. "Guerra en el valle del Ebro en la segunda mitad del siglo XI: geoestrategia y control militar de los recursos económicos en el noreste peninsular." Aragón en la Edad Media, no. 30 (June 1, 2020): 211–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_aem/aem.2019304515.
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Resumen: La guerra en los albores de la Plena Edad Media hispana alcanzó dimensiones holísticas, pues estaba presente de modo ubicuo en todas sus estructuras sociales y políticas. Durante la segunda mitad del siglo xi, los príncipes cristianos del valle del Ebro iniciarán la conquista del llano, poniendo en marcha estrategias militares de diversa naturaleza no solo contra el Islam, sino entre ellos mismos. Este artículo analiza uno de los aspectos fundamentales para comprender la guerra en ese periodo: la geoestrategia. Y desde una doble perspectiva: la geografía militar y el control de los recursos económicos como base de las acciones militares. Palabras clave: guerra medieval, reconquista, geoestrategia, historia militar, valle del Ebro, siglo xi. Abstract: The war in the beginnings of the Hispanic Middle Ages reached holistic dimensions, because it was ubiquitously present in all its social and political structures. During the second half of the 11th century, the Christian sovereigns of the Ebro valley will begin the conquest of the plain, starting military strategies of various kinds not only against Islam, but among themselves. This article analyzes one of the fundamental aspects to understand the war in that period: geostrategy. With a double perspective: military geography and the control of economic resources as the basis of military actions. Key words: medieval warfare, reconquest, geoestrategy, military history, Ebro valley, 11th century.
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Nugroho, Bhakti Satrio. "American Cultural Imperialism in 1960s Japan as Seen in Haruki Murakami’s Norwegian Wood." Jurnal Lingua Idea 11, no. 1 (June 4, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jli.2020.11.1.2361.
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Haruki Murakami is mostly well-known for his many works and is considered as one of the most influential writers in Japan. One of his greatest works is a nostalgic novel Norwegian Wood which named after The Beatles song, Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown) in their album Rubber Soul (1965). It becomes #1 bestselling novel in Japan. This novel resembles many aspects of “Americanization” of Japanese young adult life in the 1960s Japan which was strongly influenced by American popular culture. Many Japanese in this novel adopt Western culture which was popular in the United States. Hollywood and American music became central part of the main story in Haruki Murakami’s Norwegian Wood. By using cultural imperialism theory, this research focuses on the imposition and glorification of American culture in 1960s Japan which is celebrated as part of central storyline. American cultural imperialism can be seen in dissemination and glorification of American popular culture and American way of life (lifestyle) among Japanese young adults. Furthermore, they create many social and cultural changes. It is further helped by the post-war Japanese’s inferiority after losing to the United States in World War II. In fact, Western thoughts and beliefs are part of “American gifts” during U.S occupation which disseminate even after the end of occupation. Thus, this historical postcolonial relationship between Japan (as the colonized) and the United States (as the colonizer) massively supports “Americanization” of 1960s Japan which results a loss of identity and a cultural dependency of Japan toward the United States.
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HIRAYAMA, YOSUKE, and MISA IZUHARA. "Women and Housing Assets in the Context of Japan's Home-owning Democracy." Journal of Social Policy 37, no. 4 (October 2008): 641–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279408002250.
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AbstractDespite the fact that women's rights have been increasingly defined as equal to men's in law and policy, in post-Second World War Japan women continue to be at a disadvantage in many aspects of social and economic life. Drawing from a survey of 2,205 Japanese women, this article focuses in particular on women's home ownership as a new catalyst behind increasing social stratification in Japan. The women's experiences are closely linked to Japan's institutional ‘familism’: the development of social policy that has been explicitly connected to the male-breadwinner model. We argue that a wide range of institutional and policy practices – mortgage provision, property ownership, social security and taxation and labour market mechanisms – has combined to define the housing asset status of women. We discuss the women's current housing asset portfolio, and also recent socio-economic changes that have begun to redefine their position in a home-owning society. The case of Japan – a patriarchal but shifting home-owning democracy – contributes to our understanding of the contemporary dynamics of women's interaction between family, work and housing in the institutional context.
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Miller, Laura, and Carolyn S. Stevens. "From beautiful to cute." International Journal of Language and Culture 8, no. 1 (June 7, 2021): 62–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijolc.00035.mil.
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Abstract Japanese visual aesthetics as represented in traditional arts such as flower arranging, calligraphy and tea ceremony have long been celebrated or even emulated as exemplary expressions of beauty. The Japanese term utsukushii (beautiful) can be used to describe a wide variety of pleasing aspects of daily life, ranging from the human form to nature and even the gustatory experience. This article outlines traditional notions of beauty in the Japanese language, sketching forward to more contemporary expressions of visual culture that cluster around the term kawaii. This word is often translated as “cute” in English, but we maintain that kawaii extends well beyond its denotative sense to encompass a more complex spectrum of meanings. For example, it can be used to describe objects and practices which have both sentimental charm as well as dark humour. We argue that the kawaii aesthetic has been successful because it serves important emotional and social functions. Finally, the differences between the terms utsukushii and kawaii are gendered and class based, with kawaii often providing a democratic expression of resistance to gendered processes of aging, ideas of class and taste, and attractiveness in Japan’s postmodern society. This essay begins with an overview of the semantic meanings of the concepts of beauty and cuteness in Japanese, followed by a discussion focused on the historical antecedents of the Japanese notion of cuteness. The third section shifts to an analysis of the expansion of the kawaii concept in post-war society and its socio-cultural functions. The essay closes with exploration of a few of the hybrid offshoots derived from kawaii, demonstrating that concepts of beauty in Japan are constantly changing and reacting to social and historical trends.
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Kaneko, Hiroshi. "Axiology of Administrative Discretion (gyōsei sairyō) as Well as Administrative Guidance (gyōsei shidō) in Japan from the Perspective of Judicial Control." Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 29, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2020.29.3.135-148.
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<p>In Japan, the Court often examines the technical aspects of administrative discretion if there was a proper decision-making process. Such control could rely too much upon each judges’ viewpoint, which elements in the whole process of administrative discretion have critical gravity to evaluate (<em>kōryo kachi</em>). The pre-war legal scholars suggested the best way to increase judicial protection on the citizens’ rights endangered by administrative discretion. The need to establish robust legal theory based on it the Court guarantees the balance between smooth enactment of administrative measures and maintenance of social justice is still enormous. Administrative guidance was, for a long time, out of the scope of judicial control. This institution is Japan’s original so that its implication well exceeds the standard understanding of mere instruction in other legal cultures. The Japanese Court acknowledges the existence of “forced consent” behind it more frequently in recent years.</p>
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Social aspects of Sino-Japanese War"
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Serfass, David. "Le gouvernement collaborateur de Wang Jingwei : aspects de l’État d’occupation durant la guerre sino-japonaise, 1940-1945." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0133/document.
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Cette thèse se propose d’étudier le gouvernement collaborateur dirigé par Wang Jingwei (1940-1945) à la croisée de deux trajectoires : celle de l’État chinois moderne et celle de l’Empire japonais. Au-delà d’un approfondissement des connaissances sur l’occupation japonaise en Chine, mon travail ambitionne d’enrichir le champ des études sur l’État lui-même. Une telle approche ne va pas de soi, tant le caractère « fantoche » attribué à ce régime par l’historiographie chinoise l’a longtemps isolé du reste de la période et cantonné à une histoire des tenants idéologiques de la collaboration. Sans évacuer cet aspect, mon approche consiste à l’inscrire dans une étude politique et sociale du gouvernement et de l'administration, afin de saisir le fonctionnement réel de la machine étatique en zone occupée. Pour ce faire, je développe le concept d’État d’occupation, qui désigne l’ensemble formé par les organisations japonaises (institutions militaires et civiles) et chinoises (gouvernements collaborateurs locaux), établies afin d’administrer la Chine occupée. La construction de cet État, qui visa, à partir de 1940, à intégrer ces organisations derrière la façade du gouvernement de Wang Jingwei, fut détournée par des logiques de formation, nées des contradictions entre ses différents acteurs. Ce processus est examiné en adoptant des focales différentes. La première partie étudie la mise en place de l’État d’occupation du point de vue japonais, en montrant l’impact qu’eurent, l’un sur l’autre, centre et périphérie au sein de l’Empire nippon. Je reviens ensuite sur la genèse de cet État d’occupation, jusqu’à la formation du gouvernement de Wang Jingwei. La deuxième partie réduit la focale pour s’intéresser à l’organisation particulière de ce dernier, dont la spécificité, par rapport aux autres régimes collaborateurs, provenait de l’ambition qu’avait le groupe de Wang de restaurer le Gouvernement nationaliste légitime dans le cadre d’un « retour à la capitale ». La troisième partie, enfin, se penche sur le cas de la fonction publique en zone occupée, dont le cadre institutionnel et idéologique est mis en regard avec les conditions de vie des agentsThis dissertation studies the collaboration government headed by Wang Jingwei (1940-1945) at the crossroads of two trajectories: those of China’s modern state and Japan’s Empire. More broadly, my work aims at enriching the field of state-building research. Such an approach may seem counter-intuitive, as this regime is still labelled a "puppet" by Chinese historiography, which has cast it aside from the rest of the period and confined it to an ideological history of collaboration. I consider it within the context of a political and social study of government and administration, which tries to grasp the real functioning of the state machine in the occupied zone. For this purpose, I develop the concept of occupation state, i.e. a larger apparatus than the sole collaboration regimes, which included Japanese military and civilian agencies as well as Chinese local governments. From 1940 on, the state-building process aimed at integrating these organizations behind the façade of the Wang Jingwei government. However, it was diverted by a formation process, which resulted from the contradictions between its different actors. I explore this process from three different angles. The first part studies the establishment of the occupation state from the Japanese point of view, showing the mutual impact of centre and periphery within the Japanese Empire. Then, it follows the genesis of the occupation state up to the establishment of the Wang Jingwei government. The second part focuses on the experience of the latter, whose specificity, compared to other pro-Japanese regimes, was the ambition of the Wang group to restore the legitimate nationalist government as part of a "return to the capital". Thirdly, I look at the administrative personnel’s institutional and ideological framework as well as their living conditions
Books on the topic "Social aspects of Sino-Japanese War"
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Kang Ri zhan zheng yu Zhongguo she hui shi lun: The war of resistance against Japan and the social changes in China. Beijing: She hui ke xue wen xian chu ban she, 2005.
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Nihon-gata fukushi kokka no keisei to "jūgonen sensō". Kyōto-sh: Mineruba Shobō, 1998.
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Japanese society at war: Death, memory and the Russo-Japanese war. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
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Buddhism, war, and nationalism: Chinese monks in the struggle against Japanese aggressions, 1931-1945. New York: Routledge, 2005.
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1932-, Iritani Toshio, ed. Group psychology of the Japanese in wartime. London: Kegan Paul International, 1991.
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Chūgoku zanryū koji mondai no ima o kangaeru: Chūgoku "zanryū koji" to iu na no "nikkei Chūgokujin" nijisseiki no isan seiki o koete tou. Tōkyō: Chōeisha, 2003.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Social aspects of Sino-Japanese War"
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Hu, Aiqun. "The Early Rise of Social Security in China: Ideas and Reforms, 1911–1949." In One Hundred Years of Social Protection, 55–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54959-6_2.
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AbstractApplying the editor’s “onion skin model” of social policy ideas, this chapter analyses the early rise of social security ideas and policies in Republican China (1911–1949). Facing imperialism, Chinese elites turned to Western social ideas to “save the nation”. They accepted organic concepts of society, leading to a concern for societal stability and harmony. The Guomindang (GMD) state reinforced this trend in the 1930s when the party-state incorporated Confucianism into its ideology. The GMD state, thus, adopted collectivist notions of social policy, emphasising class harmonisation and productivism. During the Sino-Japanese war, Chinese elites were attracted to the idea of universal social security, which led to an intense development of social security policies. In the entire process, however, Chinese elites emphasised China’s special situation.
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Buzan, Barry, and Evelyn Goh. "Unpacking the Contemporary Strategic Problem in Northeast Asia." In Rethinking Sino-Japanese Alienation, 137–60. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851387.003.0006.
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Chapter 4 begins in present-day NEA, and unpacks its core strategic problem of uncertainty associated with an apparent power transition, relating it squarely to the enforced alienation between the two indigenous great powers, China and Japan. It argues that neither a purely power-political understanding nor one that overly emphasizes nationalism and domestic impediments has been especially helpful to advancing our understanding of how Sino-Japanese alienation serves to constrain the development of East Asia’s post-Cold War order. Instead, one should understand the contemporary problem as resulting from the disintegration of the region’s post-Second World War settlement that centred on the United States acting as a ring-holder between China and Japan. Introducing the great power bargain framework, it shows how we might usefully distinguish between the constitutive and regulative aspects of such bargains. It then employs this framework to analyse Sino-Japanese alienation after the long nineteenth century, examining how efforts to create a partial new bargain between 1945 and 1989 were eventually undermined by the two countries’ changing characters and politics after the Cold War.
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Nakaya, Tomoki, and Tomoya Hanibuchi. "Geographic Disparities in Health." In Health in Japan, 265–80. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848134.003.0017.
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This chapter highlights the geographical aspects of health disparities in Japan at different levels, from the 47 prefectures nationally to the neighbourhood level. In the post-war period, Japan has successfully attained the longest life expectancy in the world. At the same time, it has substantially reduced geographical disparities among the prefectures. This indicates that reducing such disparities in living standards may also be related to improving the health of a country’s entire population. However, disparities of health have appeared among populations living in socially segmented areas in large neighbourhoods of metropolitan regions. Such neighbourhood-scale disparities in health are associated with a number of environmental characteristics of Japanese neighbourhoods reflecting socioeconomic segregation and development histories of residential areas. In the era of a super-aging society that contains the threat of re-widening social inequalities, Japan faces challenges to build health-supportive environments for tackling multi-scale disparities.
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Banham, Tony. "Planning." In Reduced to a Symbolical Scale. Hong Kong University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888390878.003.0002.
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Chapter One describes the historical context of the planning of the evacuation. It considers the changes after the Great War that led to a possible future evacuation being considered, the legal steps for an evacuation to be made mandatory, and Hong Kong’s experience of itself receiving evacuees from Shanghai. It looks at the creation of the evacuation plan in a time of growing unrest in China and growing certainty of European conflict, and considers the differences between Hong Kong’s and other evacuations. It notes the relative naivety and incompleteness of the plan, with its insufficient thought on the impact of location of the chosen final destination, the racial aspects of the population to be evacuated, and contingencies in case of either the Japanese invasion not occurring (and evacuation thus needing to be reversed in an orderly manner), or war starting and ending (necessitating a post-war repatriation). Before exploring the triggers of the final order to evacuate, it establishes the differences in status and attitudes between the military families and civilians (of all nationalities) and the pre-evacuation economic and social positions of those to be evacuated: most having servants, family support, social or military status, secure futures, and dependence upon husbands.
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Kato, Yuuki, Shogo Kato, and Yasuyuki Ozawa. "Desired Speed of Reply During Text-Based Communication via Smartphones." In Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology, 64–83. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4047-2.ch004.
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Text-based forms of communication have long been communicated via PCs and more recently via mobile phones and smartphones. This chapter has tried to explore how the speed of text message exchanges has become a nonverbal cue in the asynchronous communications that occurs via mobile phones and smartphones. This chapter presents the investigation of the speed of exchange relevant to the LINE text-messenger application. Specifically, the authors surveyed Japanese university students who provided free-response descriptions of situations when (a) a quick reply is preferred and (b) a late reply is acceptable. The main finding was that judging when a quick reply is preferred and when a late reply is acceptable is overwhelmingly influenced by the convenience of the sender (who is waiting for a reply) over the convenience of the recipient who will reply.
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Barnes, Melissa. "Encouraging Communication through the Use of Educational Social Media Tools." In Multiculturalism and Technology-Enhanced Language Learning, 1–12. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1882-2.ch001.
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Over the last decade, our society has embraced social networking and web-based and mobile technologies. In an attempt to stay current with social trends, educators have become increasingly interested in how best to harness social media tools to enhance their teaching practices. This paper will explore the use of social media tools, such as Edmodo and Glogster, with 30 Japanese high school exchange students in Sydney, Australia. Given that the classes were homogenous, the teachers' biggest challenge was to create a classroom environment that encouraged students to use English rather than Japanese to communicate with one another. By using social media tools, students were given the opportunity to embrace and explore different technologies while creating a space to communicate with their peers and teachers in English. This article will discuss the types of activities and tasks employed and student and teacher feedback. New technologies continue to emerge and evolve, shaping how our society communicates, works and learns. Educators, in particular, have attempted to harness various aspects of technology to enhance teaching and learning. Given that social networking and web-based and mobile technologies have become an integral part of young people's everyday lives, educators have become increasingly aware of the need to incorporate these social media tools in the learning process. The impetus for the action research presented in this paper was born from a desire to promote English language communication through introducing social media tools, such as Edmodo and Glogster. The aim was to explore how a variety of tasks and activities are employed and received by both students and teachers.
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Xu, Yan. "Introduction." In The Soldier Image and State-Building in Modern China, 1924-1945, 1–26. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813176741.003.0001.
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The introduction first provides a historical background for the book during the period from the 1924 establishment of the Whampoa Military Academy to the 1945 end of the Second Sino-Japanese War. Xu goes on to introduce the major themes that the book aims to engage with, namely state-building and state-society relations in modern China, war and soldiers in Chinese military history and literature, as well as social emotion and mass mobilization in the Chinese Communist Revolution. Xu argues in the introduction that her book focuses on both social and cultural impacts of war in order to treat war as a cultural event for the people it influences rather than simply an analysis of politics and strategy. Xu ends this section by introducing the chapter structure and primary sources of the book.
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Xu, Yan. "The Army-People Bond in Mass Culture in Wartime Yan’an." In The Soldier Image and State-Building in Modern China, 1924-1945, 139–58. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813176741.003.0007.
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The sixth chapter outlines another political force that influenced modern China: the Chinese Communists during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Xu claims that the CCP constructed the soldier figure here within the parameters of an emotional bond between the army and the people, believing it to be essential for the state-building agenda that was contingent on winning support from peasants in the area and social integration in the revolutionary base. Xu, furthermore, splits the chapter up by examining first the CCP’s policies in Yan’an for integration and winning support from peasants, then later the army-peasant bond during the yangge movement.
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Wu, Albert Monshan. "Unfulfilled Promises." In From Christ to Confucius. Yale University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300217070.003.0008.
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This chapter asks: If by the 1920s, both German missionary societies had embraced the impetus to transfer control to Chinese church leaders, why did independence still remain such a slow and arduous process? The chapter argues that persistent political, social, and economic instability hindered the missionaries from giving their Chinese Christian leaders more power. The Chinese themselves also thought that they were not ready for church independence. Ultimately, a series of catastrophic political events—the escalation of the Sino-Japanese War in the 1930s and the rise of the Nazi Party in Germany in 1933—catalyzed the Germans to relinquish their power.
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Mullen, Tony, Christine Appel, and Trevor Shanklin. "Skype-Based Tandem Language Learning and Web 2.0." In Handbook of Research on Web 2.0 and Second Language Learning, 101–18. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-190-2.ch006.
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An important aspect of the Web 2.0 phenomenon is the use of Web-embedded and integrated non-browser Internet applications to facilitate community-building and direct user participation and interaction. Social Networking Services, online noticeboards, chat rooms, and other interactive environments enable students to engage directly with native speakers of their target languages. As a way of bringing language learners together, Web 2.0 technologies promise an enormous transformation in language learning. With regard to voice communications specifically, synchronous, peer-to-peer voice-over-IP (P2P VoIP) tools such as Skype, GoogleTalk, and others are an example of a new channel of online interaction that is likely to play an increasingly important role in online community-building and language learning. This chapter analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of the Skype service as a tool for tandem language learning. It presents a variety of ways in which Skype’s strengths can be enhanced and its weaknesses overcome by incorporating the exchange into a wider Web 2.0 environment, based on insights we have gained over the course of an ongoing study. In particular, the importance of a task-based approach informed by the principles of tandem learning is emphasized. Preliminary qualitative results are reported of two years of ongoing Skype-based tandem exchanges between Japanese students of English at Tsuda College, Tokyo, and American students of Japanese at San Diego State University. Finally, a prototype is presented for a new dedicated Web 2.0 environment designed to optimize the Skype tandem learning experience and to facilitate further research in the field.
Conference papers on the topic "Social aspects of Sino-Japanese War"
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Yifeng, Xiao. "Between Dictatorial and Powerless Monarchy: Emperor Meiji’s Decision in the Sino-Japanese War." In 6th International Conference on Humanities and Social Science Research (ICHSSR 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200428.100.
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Yoshikawa, Hidekazu. "A Proposal on Ultimate Safety Disposal of High Level Radioactive Wastes." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15117.
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The ultimate disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) becomes a hard issue for sustainable nuclear energy in Japan especially after Fukushima Daiichi accident. In this paper, the difficulty of realizing underground HLW disposal in Japanese islands is first discussed from socio-political aspects. Then, revival of old idea of deep seabed disposal of HLW in Pacific Ocean is proposed as an alternative way of HLW disposal. Although this had been abandoned in the past for the reason that it will violate London Convention which prohibits dumping radioactive wastes in public sea, the author will stress the merit of seabed disposal of HLW deep in Pacific Ocean not only from the view point of more safe and ultimate way of disposing HLWs (both vitrified and spent fuel) than by underground disposal, but also the emergence of new marine project by synergetic collaboration of rare-earth resource exploration from the deep sea floor in Pacific Ocean.
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Yamagishi, Kiichiro, Yukio Yamada, Yoshihiro Echizenya, and Shoji Ishiwata. "Current Status of Ceramic Gas Turbine R&D in Japan." In ASME 1989 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/89-gt-114.
Full textAbstract:
The Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) has started two nine-year national R&D projects for small-capacity ceramic gas turbines (CGTs) from 1988, following several preliminary investigations of the technical aspects and of the social impacts of CGTs. Planned 300kW industrial ceramic gas turbines are to be used for co-generation and mobile power generation. The goals are 42% and higher for the thermal efficiency at the turbine inlet temperature of 1350°C, and the emission from the exhaust gas should meet the regulatory values. Also ceramic components have the goals of 400MPa for the minimum flexure strength at 1500°C, and 15 MPam1/2 for the fracture toughness. New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) is the main contractor, and three groups of private industries are the subcontractors for 300kW industrial CGT project. Three national research institutes are involved in the projects to conduct supportive research of ceramic materials and engine components as well as to carry out assessment of the materials and engine systems developed by the private industries. The development of 100kW CGT for automotive use was also recommended in the above stated investigations and a two-year preliminary study started in 1988. The full-scale 100kW automotive CGT R&D project is scheduled to start in 1990 after the preliminary study. Japan Automobile Research Institute, Inc. (JARI) is the main contractor for 100kW automotive CGT project with the cooperation of three automobile companies.