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1
Wang, Lei, and Yiwen Zhao. "Will Social Network Relationship Significantly Enhance Farmers’ Participation in the Supply of Small Water-Saving Irrigation and Water Conservancy Facilities in China?" Agriculture 13, no. 1 (January 14, 2023): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13010216.
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The supply level of irrigation and water conservancy is related to the utilization efficiency of water resources, the production level of farmers, and the supply quality of agricultural products, especially relating to national food security and stability. Based on 1169 pieces of data collected from field surveys in three provinces of China in 2019, an evaluation system of social network relationships was constructed from five aspects: network scale, network tightness, trust and commitment, social atmosphere and sense of belonging, and social participation. These five aspects are the channels for farmers to obtain information. A binary logistic model was used to analyze the impact of the social network relationships on farmers’ participation in small water-saving irrigation and water conservancy facilities supply, and the key factors affecting farmers’ behavior were selected. The purpose of this study is to further improve the evaluation system of social network relationships and the study of the effect of social network relationships on farmers’ water-saving behaviors, enrich relevant theories and provide a feasible path for the implementation of water-saving irrigation from the macro initiative level. The results show that higher network closeness and policy satisfaction, water management experience, agricultural insurance, strong family decision-making power, etc., will reduce the likelihood of farmers participating in the supply of small water-saving irrigation and water conservancy facilities; increasing network compactness will increase the possibility of farmers’ participation in the supply; trust and commitment, social ethos and sense of belonging, social participation, and other factors have no significant influence on farmer participation behavior. It can be seen that network tightness and network scale play an important role in the behavior of farmers’ participation in public affairs. In conclusion, social network relationships will affect farmers’ participation in the supply of irrigation and water conservancy facilities, but different dimensions have different influences on it.
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Milanie, Feby, Sumono ., and Rujiman . "Analysis of Regional Development and The Needs of Clean Water Services in Medan City." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 6, no. 8 (August 30, 2014): 670–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v6i8.527.
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This study aims to analyze the influence of biophysical, economic, location, socio-cultural, institutional and environmental aspects on the water supply and the need for clean water in Medan city. Clean water was originally consideredas social goods that were freely accessed. The need for clean water for the population in Medan city is heightened due to the population growth, the increase on economic activities such as industrial growth in small-scale, medium and large industries, the development of public facilities and the increasing welfare of the community. The primary and secondary data obtained from relevant agencies and public in Medan city are used in this study. The secondary data were obtained starting in 1990 - 2012, while primary data were obtained from 30 respondents. The analysis model used is the structural equation models. The results have shown that; (i) biophysical, economic, location, sociocultural, institutional, environmental aspects positively influence the water supply and the need for clean water; (ii) there is a greater influence of water needs on the water supply, as compared to the effect of water supply to the needs of clean water.
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Daniel, D., Julivius Prawira, Trimo Pamudji Al Djono, S. Subandriyo, Arya Rezagama, and Aries Purwanto. "A System Dynamics Model of the Community-Based Rural Drinking Water Supply Program (PAMSIMAS) in Indonesia." Water 13, no. 4 (February 15, 2021): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040507.
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The sustainability of the water supply program in developing countries is influenced by many inter-linked and dynamic factors, suggesting the need to analyse the system behaviour of the water supply program. However, no study analyses factors influencing the sustainability of rural drinking water supply programs holistically, and this study aims to fill that gap. This study utilized a system dynamics approach based on a case study of a community-based rural drinking water supply program (PAMSIMAS in Bahasa) in Magelang Regency, Indonesia. Five sustainability aspects were considered in the model development and simulation: financial, institutional, environmental, technical, and social aspects. Eight scenario analyses related to those five aspects were conducted. The causal loop diagrams suggest that the overall loop in the system is reinforcing, meaning that the improvement in one aspect will improve the overall condition of the system and deterioration in one aspect will reduce the overall condition of the system. Scenario analysis shows that external fund is critical to support the program financially, especially at the beginning of the project when the piped system is being built and water revenue is still low. Scenario and sensitivity analyses revealed that human factors, i.e., the performance of the water board and response and support from the community, positively influence the sustainability of the water supply program. Additionally, the water board plays a key role in accelerating the pipe network growth. Finally, this paper argues that visualising and simulating the causal relationship and dynamic behaviour of the rural water supply program are critical for water stakeholders to better design and implement the water supply program.
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Dall-Orsoletta, Alaize, Mauricio Uriona-Maldonado, Géremi Dranka, and Paula Ferreira. "review of social dynamics in complex energy systems models." International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management 36 (December 14, 2022): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/ijsepm.7478.
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The problem of techno-economic approaches to evaluating energy transition pathways has been constantly reported in the literature. Existing research recognises the critical role played by social aspects in energy systems models. System dynamics (SD) has been pointed out among modelling techniques as a suitable tool to evaluate the interdisciplinary nature of energy transitions. This paper explores how energy system-related SD models have incorporated social aspects through a literature review. Models were assessed based on their geographical resolution, time horizon, methodological approach, and main themes: supply-demand, energy-economy-environment (3E), energy-transport, water-energy-food (WEF) nexus, and consumer-centric and socio-political dynamics. Social aspects considered include behaviour and lifestyle changes, social acceptance, willingness to participate, socio-economic measures, among others. As expected, the representation of social aspects was not standard among the papers analysed. Socio-economic aspects were most commonly included in supply-demand and 3E models. Energy-transport and WEF models mainly incorporated changes in travel and consumption habits, respectively. The last theme had a more diverse approach to social aspects that deserves further attention, especially for energy access and justice issues. Other research lines include modelling approaches combination, enhanced participatory and transparent processes during model development, and use of SD models in policy-aiding and stakeholders’ information processes.
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Kharmylliem, Bankerlang, and Ngamjahao Kipgen. "Assessing the Sustainability of Urban Water Supply Systems in Shillong, India." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 20, no. 3 (August 12, 2021): 251–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341594.
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Abstract This article examines urban water supply systems by using indicators such as quantity, quality, accessibility, and reliability. Shillong city is divided into numerous localities, each governed by both formal (municipal) and informal (non-municipal) institutions. This study focuses on domestic water aspects in non-municipal areas and argues that water inequity is more prominent and widespread, and the role of local institutions in water governance is greater and more significant. The article underscores the complementarity between water distribution and water governance rendered by the local institutions.
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Lesnykh, Valery, and Tatiana Timofeeva. "METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SIMULATION MODELING OF EMERGENCY INTERACTION OF LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS." Journal of Innovations in Business and Industry 1, no. 3 (2023): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.61552/jibi.2023.03.006.
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An important component of the sustainable functioning of urbanized territories are life support systems that provide the main indicators of the quality of life of the population both in normal conditions and in emergency situations of man-made and natural character. Such systems primarily include power supply systems, gas supply, heat supply, water supply, transport, etc. Accidents in life support systems lead to large-scale and long-term negative social, material, financial and environmental consequences. Especially severe consequences are associated with intersystem accidents, when the termination or restriction in functioning affects two or more life support systems. The report discusses methodological issues of simulation of emergency interaction of life support systems, an algorithm and a general scheme for resilient assessing are proposed.
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Lv, Xue Liang, Jin Zhang Qiu, Liang Ming Hu, Jin Ping Zhang, and Bin Zhang. "Research on Water Conservation of Zhengzhou City Center in 12th Five-Year." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 1951–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.1951.
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On the basis of comprehensive analysis of water supply and the development of social economy in Zhengzhou, analysis of the balance of supply and demand of water resources and water-saving potential in Zhengzhou center city, and identified the water conservation planning target of Zhengzhou City center in 2015, it is concluded that water-saving potential in Zhengzhou City center in 2015 is 3000.28×104 m3; and put forward the countermeasures and measures of saving water from the aspects of industry and comprehensive life, for the water conservation planning of Zhengzhou City center in 12th Five-year to provide the reference basis.
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Jabłoński, Adam, and Marek Jabłoński. "Business Models in Water Supply Companies—Key Implications of Trust." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8 (April 17, 2020): 2770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082770.
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Currently, trust is one of the key factors that ensures the acceptable mechanisms of economic and social relationships. It is not only an element of correct communication, but also a factor in inter-organizational bonds and a source of social dialogue. Trust has become a factor in the creation of value, as well as a key component of the conceptualization and operationalization of business models. It has revealed many problems at the strategic level, in the water sector in particular. From this perspective, trust is a major factor of strategies, models, and business processes which are currently being built. New types of business models that emerge have also started to include trust as part of their configuration. This is the case in the construction and implementation of social business models. A social business model can be understood as a business model whose factors that stimulate development include social aspects expressed in balancing economic, environmental, and social issues with the involvement of communities and their dynamic communication focused on the selected attributes of business models that stimulate growth and that are conducive to achieving success, expressed by economic and/or social profit. The satisfaction of stakeholders with such a solution is another condition for embedding this solution in the sphere of the social economy. In this approach, trust, which stimulates the growth of social and economic value in the component structure of the social business model, becomes particularly important. The aim of the paper is to present the place and role of trust as a key component of social business models. The scope of the paper includes research into public water sector industry companies located in the Province of Silesia and their social business models, with a focus on defining the position of trust among other attributes of these business models. The authors put forward a hypothesis that trust is a crucial component of the social business models of water supply companies that operate at the intersection of the market and social economy. Trust also helps companies from the water supply sector achieve both social and economic effects. It also becomes a source of reverse market polarization, where the value of a social business model materializes to create social and environmental effects without detriment to the economic effects.
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Schneidmiller, Natalya F., and Elena D. Bazaeva. "COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PLANNING PROJECT OF THE LINEAR OBJECT OF THE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM OF THE ZAMARAISKY GROUNDWATER DEPOSIT IN ORDER TO ENSURE SAFE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERRITORY." Architecture, Construction, Transport, no. 2(104) (July 3, 2023): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/2782-232x-2023-2-54-63.
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Issues of quality water supply are always relevant, because water is the source of life on Earth. The article deals with the design of linear water supply systems and identifies the main problems of their functioning. The authors present the results of studies of the projected reserve water pipeline from the Zamarayskoye groundwater deposit to the pumping stations in the Serovsky urban district. It is found that the preparation of urban planning documentation is currently an important condition for the safe development of the territory. The purpose of such documentation is to form the boundaries of land for the placement of new engineering networks, in particular the water supply system. Safe water use is one of the main aspects of social state policy.
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Flora, Cornelia Butler. "Social Aspects of Small Water Systems." Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education 128, no. 1 (May 1, 2009): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-704x.2004.mp128001002.x.
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Effendy, Rochmad, Rofikul Amin, and Ginanjar Indra Kusuma. "Memperkokoh Posisi Tawar Politik Pegiat Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum Berbasis Masyarakat Lewat Komunikasi Lingkungan." Jurnal Komunikasi Nusantara 1, no. 2 (December 17, 2019): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33366/jkn.v1i2.25.
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The limited ability in providing a good water services to all citizens, as well as the fact that water is a public good, the involvement of citizens in drinking water supply is one way to achieve this goal. The existence of a community-based drinking water supply system in the form of the Community Drinking Water User Association (HIPPAM) needs to be maintained to ensure the sustainability of its social services. The sustainability of the HIPPAM social enterprise is determined by internal aspects such as governance and institutional performance, financial management, technical performance of water distribution services. Other things related to external aspects such as the support of stakeholders such as customers, community members, environment activist and village government related to the issue of conservation as well as environmental sustainability and good water governance. Discussing these issues with all stakeholders in drinking water in the available local public space can be referred to as environmental communication that is hoped will be able to create awareness and citizen’s collective action citizens on the importance of good water governance. This study uses qualitative data with interviews and in-depth interviews as data collection techniques, the informants of this study consisted of the management of the HIPPAM Mangga Dua. The result showed that administrators had sufficient environmental and ecological literacy. For them, water is spiritual and social energy sources that enable them to develop dan enhance the community’s social capital.
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Jussah, Osman, Mohamed O. M. Orabi, Janez Sušnik, Françoise Bichai, and Chris Zevenbergen. "Assessment of the potential contribution of alternative water supply systems in two contrasting locations: Lilongwe, Malawi and Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt." Journal of Water and Climate Change 11, no. 1 (April 11, 2018): 130–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2018.117.
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Abstract Growing water demand poses a challenge for supply. Poor understanding of alternative sources can hamper plans for addressing water scarcity and supply resilience. The potential of three alternative supply systems in Lilongwe, Malawi and Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt are compared using a fast, data-light assessment approach. Lilongwe water supply is based on unsustainable use of source water, while Sharm depends primarily on desalination. Both locations experience shortages due to poor system performance and service inequity. Alternative supply systems are shown to potentially contribute to supply augmentation/diversification, improving service and system resilience. There are considerable seasonal variations to consider, especially regarding storage of water. Social preferences could limit the uptake/demand for alternative water. One important conclusion is the value in addressing public perceptions of alternative systems, and assessing water end use in order to site systems appropriately. Other issues surround financing, encouraging uptake and addressing institutional/governance aspects surrounding equitable distribution. A further consideration is whether demand reductions might yield shorter-term improvements in performance without the need to institute potentially expensive alternative water strategies. Reducing non-revenue water is a priority. Such measures should be undertaken with alternative supply enhancement to reduce inequity of supply, improve system performance and increase resilience to future changes.
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Sosnowski, Piotr Cezary, and Anna Bojanowska. "Environmental and Social Aspects of Supplier Relationship Management." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica 5, no. 331 (January 19, 2018): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.331.07.
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Due to the rapid growth of significance of sustainable development in recent years, there have been many ideas regarding the practical application of environmental and social concepts in business management. Many of these concepts include the field of supply chain management, which is also a very evolutionary issue. One of the main areas of supply chain management is supplier relationship management. Our goal is to present environmental and social aspects of supplier relationship management taking into consideration individual approaches of specific researchers and to aggregate the gathered information. As a research tool, we used literature analysis, taking into account current works of researchers.
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Suharyanto, Angelica Deasy K, and Sudarno. "Sustainable Community Based Water Supply at Salatiga by Use of Rapfish Method." MATEC Web of Conferences 159 (2018): 01023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815901023.
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Sustainable water supply has been the United Nation’s goal as stipulated in Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s). In 2030, all people must have acess to safe and affordable drinking water. In Salatiga Indonesia, the water supply company (PDAM) can now only serves 65.64% of the city’s population. There are about 11.14% of the population served by community based water supply (CBWS). In line with the SDG’s, The Government of Indonesia’s program to have 100% coverage of water supply. The limitation on PDAM coverage has led the increase number of CBWS. This tendency has raised the question on the sustainability of CBWS. This paper presents the sustainability evaluations of some CBWS in Salatiga using Rapfish method. In the method, sustainability is evaluated using multi-dimensional scalling based on aspects of ecological, technological, social, institutional, and economical. The strategy to improve sustainability is identified using SWOT analysis. The study performed at 4 (four) CBWS at Kecamatan Sidorejo, Salatiga. It represents the CBWS using deep water sources and spring water sources. It shows that all CBWS analysed are barely sustainable on the dimension of ecological, technological, and social. The dimension on institutional and economical are in the status of no sustainability. Therefore, the CBWS need some improvement and reinforcement especially on institutional and economical.
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Bernabé-Crespo, Miguel Borja, Encarnación Gil-Meseguer, and José M. Gómez-Espín. "Desalination and water security in Southeastern Spain." Journal of Political Ecology 26, no. 1 (September 19, 2019): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v26i1.22911.
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<p>The Segura Hydrographic Demarcation (DHS), in Southeastern Spain, is an area of hydric deficit caused by low and irregular rainfall and a dense population. In this region water scarcity is a burning issue that polarizes society for or against different models of ensuring water supply. Given the current demand for water throughout Spain, desalination has been used to increase water supply, and as insurance against drought. Ten seawater desalination plants and hundreds of brackish aquifer desalination plants treat water in the Southeast of the Iberian Peninsula, both for human consumption and for irrigation, contributing to economic, energetic, processual and economic aspects of territorial organization in the Southeast of Spain. This article reviews debates over desalination, water transfers, and the best way to meet water demands in that region. While desalination allows an increase in water supply, dependence on that source increases energy costs and may lead to mistaken assumptions among users about water scarcity and availability.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>seawater desalination, brackish aquifer desalination, human water supply, social debate, irrigation, Southeast of Spain</p>
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Adhikari, Keshab Prasad. "Governance for Sustainability of Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Schemes (RWSS): Case from NAPA WASH." Nepalese Journal of Development and Rural Studies 17 (December 31, 2020): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdrs.v17i0.34950.
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Water and sanitation are taken at the heart of achieving a number of goals and critical targets of sustainable development goals. But achieving sustained water and sanitation service in a rural context is problematic from the viewpoint of technical, financial, environmental, and social, and governance aspects of functionality. Therefore, good governance in the operation and management of rural water and sanitation schemes are a key component to determine the other aspects of functioning and longer-term sustainability. The study sees the working of five indicators of functionality, five layers of priority ranking indicators, four service indicators of quantity, accessibility, reliability, and quality (QARQ), and ten indicators of assessing governance level sustainability. In all aspects of assessment, most RWSS found to stand at the level of partial sustainability. This urged for giving higher priority to upgrading such schemes in the status of full sustainability.
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Hájek, M., and L. Petružela. "Sustainability of the Public Water Supply and Sewerage Services Operating System: A Case Study on the Example of the Czech Republic." Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica 47, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sab-2016-0006.
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Abstract Water services, as a necessity for natural ecosystem functions and a key output from public governance, play a crucial role in forming sustainable relationships between natural, economic, and social factors in the development of society. Primarily, these relationships relate to the natural impacts of weather and climate on the variability of the hydrological cycle. Secondary relationships exist between providers and consumers of the services. Services provided by operators of public water supply and sewerage systems are a specific segment of water services. Their sustainability is controlled on the one hand by public regulation and and on the other by a combination of economic, social, and environmental objectives and the means by which they are achieved. The aim of this paper is, based on the parameters of supply and demand, to quantify the most important aspects of sustainable management of water supply and sanitation enterprises in connection with the current model for state regulation. The methodology is based on an examination of consumer behaviour indicators which can be interpreted from ‘water bills’. The comparison of household expenditure on water services in the Czech Republic shows that some are already approaching, and even exceeding, the limit of what is considered social acceptability.
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Ramezanian, Reza, and Zahra Behboodi. "Blood supply chain network design under uncertainties in supply and demand considering social aspects." Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 104 (August 2017): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2017.06.004.
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De Stefano, Lucia, and Elena Lopez-Gunn. "Unauthorized groundwater use: institutional, social and ethical considerations." Water Policy 14, S1 (March 1, 2012): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2012.101.
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In many areas of the world, particularly in arid regions or in areas experiencing population growth, there is increased competition over scarce water resources. This is likely to increase in the future due to continued population growth, urban expansion and the challenge of the impact of climate change on water resource availability. In this context, groundwater is likely to play a pivotal role in facing water scarcity. When different users share a common-pool resource, basic rules are usually established to manage access to the resource and ensure balance between demand and supply. Water authorities worldwide are increasingly paying added attention towards regulating the use of groundwater because of its strategic value, e.g. in times of drought or as a natural reserve. In the case of groundwater, although regulatory measures exist, they are often difficult to enforce. This paper explores the situation with a discussion of two aspects: first (and in line with this special issue on water ethics), an examination of the fundamental individual values that underpin behavior in relation to water use, and second, an investigation of the typologies of unauthorized water use, its main potential impacts, potential root causes and reflections on imperfect institutions and social norms.
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Gómez-Beas, R., A. Moñino, and M. J. Polo. "Development of a management tool for reservoirs in Mediterranean environments based on uncertainty analysis." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 5 (May 29, 2012): 1789–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-1789-2012.
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Abstract. In compliance with the development of the Water Framework Directive, there is a need for an integrated management of water resources, which involves the elaboration of reservoir management models. These models should include the operational and technical aspects which allow us to forecast an optimal management in the short term, besides the factors that may affect the volume of water stored in the medium and long term. The climate fluctuations of the water cycle that affect the reservoir watershed should be considered, as well as the social and economic aspects of the area. This paper shows the development of a management model for Rules reservoir (southern Spain), through which the water supply is regulated based on set criteria, in a sustainable way with existing commitments downstream, with the supply capacity being well established depending on demand, and the probability of failure when the operating requirements are not fulfilled. The results obtained allowed us: to find out the reservoir response at different time scales, to introduce an uncertainty analysis and to demonstrate the potential of the methodology proposed here as a tool for decision making.
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Gugerli, David. "Sociocultural Aspects of Technological Change: The Rise of the Swiss Electricity Supply Economy." Science in Context 8, no. 3 (1995): 459–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026988970000212x.
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The ArgumentThe impressive growth of the Swiss electricity supply industry in the late nineteenth cestury has usually been explained by Switzerland's abundant waterpower resouces, its well-equipped financial markets, and the mechanical skills of its Swiss workers and engineers. This article does not aim to deny the importance of these factors. Rather it seeks to explain how they developed synergetic effects and how they were knit together. The argument is put forward in three steps: First, I show the importance of the new technology's discursive integration, arguing that the development of specialized electric discourse led to a social shaping of technology that was highly compatible with generalized cultural patterns of late nineteenth-century Swiss society. The expressive dispositions and instituted means of expression that constitiute the elextric discourse were constantly pursuing and achieving effective resonances in other discursive fields. This allowed for a solid integration of the electrotechnical discourse in late nineteenth-century Swiss society.Second, I argue that electrotechnology was modeled in such a way that it became coupled with existing technological (and scientific) practices, such as the national mapping endeavor, the urban gas and water supply, the sewer system, and the telegraphic networks. It is noteworthy that making electrotechnology compatible with other technological practices led not only to similar patterns in the design and management of both the old and the new technologies but also to operated with the existing water supply station.Using the example of the electrification of Zurich, I then, in a third step, combine the two elements – discursive accommodation and practical assimilation – to demonstrate their effects on the selection and construction of technology. The article's somewhat complex argumentative strategy allows for a differentiated interpretation of the phenomenon and shows the importance of taking into consideration the sociocultural dimension of economic growth that had its roots in the diffusion of a new technology
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Mollah, Kabirul A., and Toshiya Aramaki. "Social-epidemiological study for evaluation of water supply and sanitation systems of low-income urban community in Dhaka, Bangladesh." Journal of Water and Health 8, no. 1 (November 9, 2009): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.201.
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This study aims at quantification of health losses, considering social and environmental factors. Morbidity and mortality cases of diarrhoea for children under five years old were used to estimate the disability adjusted life years (DALYs) lost for the target households in low-income communities in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Water supply facilities and sanitation systems, along with hygiene practices and their health outcomes, were studied at community level. Demographic, socio-economic and socio-cultural aspects were also studied to support the research findings and give a better understanding of the local conditions. The four selected communities, Ward 60 (W60), Ward 61 (W61), Ward 62 (W62) and Ward 65 (W65), all had different existing urban services such as water supply, sanitation, garbage management and drainage facilities. All of these services existed in W62, but W60 did not have any of the services; W61 had sanitation and drainage coverage, whereas W65 had only a water supply facility. The results conclusively showed that, compared with the null (absence of services) scenario (W60), the other three scenarios (W61, W62 and W65) showed a substantial decrease of diarrhoea (1.219, 1.284 and 2.052 DALYs/household/year, respectively) reported for children under five years old. Besides urban services, other socio-economic characteristics might also influence the prevalence of diseases.
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Pereira, Dina, Joao Carlos Correia Leitao, Pedro Dinis Gaspar, Cristina Fael, Isabel Falorca, Wael Khairy, Nadya Wahid, et al. "Exploring Irrigation and Water Supply Technologies for Smallholder Farmers in the Mediterranean Region." Sustainability 15, no. 8 (April 19, 2023): 6875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15086875.
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Water security is a hot topic all over the world, due to global warming, climate change, natural calamities such as droughts and floods, overuse of water, and other factors. Water issues have been scientifically investigated from several perspectives, namely institutional, economic, social, environmental, managerial, and technological. However, the technological aspects of irrigation and water supply for smallholder farmers in the Mediterranean region have not been adequately addressed. This paper explores irrigation and water supply technologies for smallholder farmers in the selected Mediterranean countries (Egypt, Malta, Morocco, and Portugal). The methods of analysis are literature review, fieldwork, and observation. The literature survey reveals that Mediterranean countries share many common features in terms of climate, water and land resources, and development issues. Nevertheless, the selected countries in the Mediterranean region (Egypt, Malta, Morocco, and Portugal) differ in terms of type of crops, water management regulations, labor force availability, financial sustainability, and economic approaches. These remarks signal the need for applying a specific approach in selecting a technology for irrigation and water supply according to the regional context. Additionally, the financial and economic perspectives of the three key technologies (i.e., SLECI, desalination technology, and engineering constructed wetlands) require further analysis.
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Karpenstein-Machan, Marianne, and Peter Schmuck. "Bioenergy Village—Ecological and Social Aspects in Implementation of a Sustainability Project." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2007): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2007.1988.
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In the project described here the electricity and heat supply of an entire German village has been changed from conventional to biomass energy sources in 2005. This lighthouse project, the first "bioenergy village" in Germany, has been initiated by a scientist team from the Universities of Göttingen, Kassel, and Berlin and was realized by the active participation of the population of the village Juehnde in Southern Lower Saxony (800 inhabitants). The ongoing ecological, economical, and social changes are analyzed to enable the transfer of the model to other interested villages in Germany and worldwide. The technical concept consists of three components: (1) An anaerobic digestion plant (supplied by energy crops and liquid manure) with a combined heat and power generator (CHP) producing electricity and heat energy, (2) a central heating plant fired by locally produced wood chips for additional heat demand during the winter, and (3) a hot water pipeline distributing the heat energy to the connected households. The history of the project, the social implementation, and the first results of the ecological and social changes in the village are reported.
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Khan, S., E. Dialynas, V. K. Kasaraneni, and A. N. Angelakis. "Similarities of Minoan and Indus Valley Hydro-Technologies." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 16, 2020): 4897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124897.
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This review evaluates Minoan and Indus Valley hydro-technologies in southeastern Greece and Indus Valley Pakistan, respectively. The Minoan civilization first inhabited Crete and several Aegean islands shortly after the Late Neolithic times and flourished during the Bronze Age (ca 3200–1100 BC). At that time, the Minoan civilization developed fundamental technologies and reached its pinnacle as the first and most important European culture. Concurrently, the Indus Valley civilization populated the eastern bank of the Indus River, its tributaries in Pakistan, and the Ganges plains in India and Nadia (Bangladesh), spreading over an area of about one million km2. Its total population was unknown; however, an estimated 43,000 people resided at Harappa. The urban hydro-technologies, characteristics of a civilization can be determined by two specific aspects, the natural and the social environment. These two aspects cover a variety of factors, such as climate and social conditions, type of terrain, water supply, agriculture, water logging, sanitation and sewerage, hygienic conditions of communities, and racial features of the population. Therefore, these factors were used to understand the water resources management practices in early civilizations (e.g., Minoan and Indus Valley) and similarities, despite the large geographic distance between places of origin. Also discussed are the basic principles and characteristics of water management sustainability in both civilizations and a comparison of basic water supply and sanitation practices through the long history of the two civilizations. Finally, sustainability issues and lessons learned are considered.
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Tarasevych, О. V., and Ye S. Hradoboyeva. "THE PRIORITIES OF RECONSTRUCTION OF URBAN SERVICE SUBBRANCHES OF LIFE ACTIVITY IN DONBAS: SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS." Economics and Law, no. 2 (September 9, 2021): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econlaw.2021.02.122.
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The article analyzes the state of the main city service subsectors of the sphere of life — heat-, water supply and sewerage systems of the cities affected by the armed conflict in Donbas. Also, the most acute problems of heat-, water supply and sewerage systems of the cities in Donbas which suffer from their ecological condition, quality of public utilities and economic conditions of the relevant municipal enterprises, and therefore need to be addressed restoration are systematized and generalized. Particular attention is paid to assessing the consequences of environmental threats associated with the operation of urban service subsectors in the cities of Donbas, affected by the conflict, as well as analysis of the financial, economic and technical condition of the largest enterprises of water supply and sewerage and heat utilities in post-conflict areas, the dynamics of annual deterioration of the main relevant indicators are estimated. This allows to substantiate the priorities of restoration and ensuring the reliable functioning of urban service subsectors in Donbas, including consideration of the possibility of giving priority to financing projects related to the diversification of urban water supply sources, renewal of production infrastructure, reconstruction of heating facilities with the installation of modern energy-efficient equipment, etc., expanding sources of funding for relevant measures, simplifying the conditions for receiving state aid by urban enterprises in Donetsk and Luhansk regions affected by the armed conflict, through the introduction of state programs to support and develop this functional type of territory. The developed proposals for taking priority measures aimed at restoring and ensuring the reliable operation of heat-, water supply and sewerage systems of cities in the post-conflict areas of Donbas will allow each of the stakeholders (public authorities and local governments, municipal enterprises of relevant urban sub-sectors) social (improving public utilities for all categories of consumers in the region), environmental (ensuring environmental safety and improving the environmental condition of both Donbas cities affected by the conflict and neighbouring cities and regions) and economic effects (increasing efficiency by reducing costs and losses of energy and resources in the production and transportation of relevant services and, therefore, growth of investment attractiveness of both city-serving subsectors and the sphere of life in general).
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Jain, Shaily, and Nisha Chittora. "BALANCING WATER FOR HUMAN AND NATURE: A VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER FUTURE." International Journal of Technical Research & Science 7, no. 08 (June 25, 2022): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30780/ijtrs.v07.i08.002.
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Water separates our planet from all those we are aware of. While the worldwide supply of available freshwater is more than sufficient to meet all of our water demands, the spatial and temporal distributions of that supply are not. There are many regions where our freshwater resources are inadequate to meet domestic, economic development and environmental needs. In such regions, the lack of adequate clean water to meet human drinking water and sanitation needs is indeed a constraint on human health and productivity and hence on economic development as well as on the maintenance of a clean environment and healthy ecosystems. All of us involved in research must find ways to remove these constraints. We face multiple challenges in doing that, especially given a changing and uncertain future climate, and a rapidly growing population that is driving increased social and economic development, globalization, and urbanization. How best to meet these challenges requires research in all aspects of water management This paper identifies the issues facing water managers today and future research needed to better inform those who strive to create a more sustainable and desirable water future.
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Young, G., S. Demuth, A. Mishra, and C. Cudennec. "Hydrological sciences and water security: An overview." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 366 (April 10, 2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-366-1-2015.
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Abstract. This paper provides an introduction to the concepts of water security including not only the risks to human wellbeing posed by floods and droughts, but also the threats of inadequate supply of water in both quantity and quality for food production, human health, energy and industrial production, and for the natural ecosystems on which life depends. The overall setting is one of constant change in all aspects of Earth systems. Hydrological systems (processes and regimes) are changing, resulting from varying and changing precipitation and energy inputs, changes in surface covers, mining of groundwater resources, and storage and diversions by dams and infrastructures. Changes in social, political and economic conditions include population and demographic shifts, political realignments, changes in financial systems and in trade patterns. There is an urgent need to address hydrological and social changes simultaneously and in combination rather than as separate entities, and thus the need to develop the approach of ‘socio-hydrology’. All aspects of water security, including the responses of both UNESCO and the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) to the concepts of socio-hydrology, are examined in detailed papers within the volume titled Hydrological Sciences and Water Security: Past, Present and Future.
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Bubicz, Marta Elisa, Ana Paula Ferreira Dias Barbosa-Póvoa, and Ana Carvalho. "Incorporating social aspects in sustainable supply chains: Trends and future directions." Journal of Cleaner Production 237 (November 2019): 117500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.331.
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Song, Kaiwen, Xiujuan Jiang, Tianye Wang, Dengming Yan, Hongshi Xu, and Zening Wu. "The Impact of Large-Scale Water Diversion Projects on the Water Supply Network: A Case Study in Southwest China." Water 16, no. 2 (January 21, 2024): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16020357.
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The uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources has consistently been one of the most significant limiting factors for social development in many regions. Furthermore, with the intensification of climate change, this inequality is progressively widening, posing a critical challenge to the sustainable development of human societies. The construction of large-scale water projects has become one of the crucial means to address the contradictions between water supply and demand. Thus, evaluating the functional aspects of water source network structures and systematically planning the layout of engineering measures in a scientifically reasonable manner are pressing issues that require urgent attention in current research efforts. Addressing this, our study takes the Erhai Lake basin and the surrounding areas in southwest China as the study area and combines landscape ecology and network analysis theory methods to propose a water supply network analysis method that takes into account both structure and node characteristics. Based on this methodology, we analyze the connectivity characteristics of water supply networks in the Erhai region under current (2020) and future (2035) planning scenarios. The results show that there were 215 nodes and 216 links in the water supply network of the Erhai Lake basin in 2020; with the implementation of a series of water conservancy projects, the planned 2035 water supply network will increase by 122 nodes and 163 links, and the connectivity of the regional water network will be significantly improved. Also, we identify some key nodes in the network, and the results show that the water supply network in 2035 will have obvious decentralization characteristics compared with that in 2020. And, based on the network degradation analysis, we find that with the implementation of engineering measures, the resilience of the water supply network will be significantly strengthened by 2035, with stronger risk tolerance. This study extends the quantitative representation of water source network characteristics, which can provide a useful reference for water network structure planning and optimization.
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Oron, Gideon. "Management modeling of integrative wastewater treatment and reuse systems." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 10-11 (May 1, 1996): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0666.
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An integrative approach for wastewater treatment and reuse projects is exemplified. The approach is based on management modeling for optimal wastewater treatment, disposal and reuse. Management modeling takes into account regional and national aspects. These considerations include treatment levels and control, water supply and demand, transportation and storage requirements, technical capabilities and social issues. Attention is also given to environmental pollution and health risks aspects and purpose of wastewater application. The model is based on defining an objective (cost) function to be optimized. The optimum of the objective function is evaluated subject to a series of technological, social, health and environmental constraints. The results provide information regarding the system layout and related optimal investment and operational expenses.
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Byars, P., and B. Antizar-Ladislao. "Water treatment and supply: intermediate education in Sub-Saharan Africa." Water Supply 11, no. 5 (December 1, 2011): 578–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2011.100.
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In 1973 the economist E.F Schumacher wrote ‘Small is Beautiful’. In this he created the vision of a concept known as ‘intermediate technology’. Directly from this grew the popular ‘appropriate technology’ movement. An appropriate technology, in the ideal sense, is designed with special consideration of the environmental, ethical, cultural, social, political, and economical aspects of the community it is intended for. The term ‘appropriate technology’ is continually used when referring to water supply and treatment technologies in international development. The widespread provision of hand-pumps in Africa by Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) fully characterises the approach and remains the most prominent display of technologies, transferred on a charitable basis, between the developed and developing countries. However, after years of NGOs working with hand-pumps in Africa the first signs are showing that there are widespread problems with the current approach. In many cases the nature of ‘appropriateness’ is determined from the perspective of an external technical expert and not by the communities themselves. The lack of appropriateness is leading to severely unsustainable projects. This paper explores the linkage that has not been clearly mapped in technology transfer, i.e., the use of scientific and technical education. The focus of the transfer is on developing the knowledge and skills necessary to evaluate ‘appropriateness’ from the perspective of the end user. It explores the concept of ‘Intermediate Education’ – a method of using experimental learning to address a systemic weakness in safe water provision in development.
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Hrubý, J. "Food consumption, its aspects and consequences." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 18, No. 4 (January 1, 2000): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/8334-cjfs.
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Food consumption recording is a social need because the consumption is an indicator of the nutrition status that means the health status, of the population, and an economic factor. Food consumption trends in the nineties are characterized by a steep fall of most kinds of foods, mainly from animal sources. It is not necessary to adjust this fact with respect to recent data of the time series. Four commodities show a positive increase. The trend of food consumption is bound up with more slowly increasing incomes of the population than was the increase in food prices after their liberalization. The consequences of consumption trends do not imply any deterioration of nutrition status because nutrition requirements have been met except calcium and vitamin A supply due to a decrease in milk consumption, and except vitamin C, still a deficient element although its supply has substantially increased. A systematic attention should be focused on the population nutrition through nutrition and food policies.
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Beckfield, Jason, and Daniel Alain Evrard. "The Social Impacts of Supply-Side Decarbonization." Annual Review of Sociology 49, no. 1 (July 31, 2023): 155–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-031021-012201.
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From the earliest studies examining the impacts of the coal-powered Industrial Revolution, the field of sociology has possessed an intimate, if often implicit, interest in the interconnectedness of fossil fuels and modernity. With the looming climate crisis, the world must rapidly wean itself from these resources in favor of others that emit little to no greenhouse gasses. And while this energy transition will likely have profound social implications, it has only recently begun to receive sustained attention from sociologists across subfields. Consequently, although debates have emphasized the technological and market dimensions of this shift, its relational dimensions and human aspects have remained relatively marginal. In this article, we review research on the social impacts of fossil fuel production and transitions to renewables. Such work is critical and urgent, since the main barriers to combating the climate crisis are neither technological nor economic; they are, instead, deeply social.
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Najjar, Mohammad, Michael H. Small, and Mahmoud M. Yasin. "Social Sustainability Strategy across the Supply Chain: A Conceptual Approach from the Organisational Perspective." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 14, 2020): 10438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410438.
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Much of the existing literature on the social aspects of sustainability in the supply chain has focused on dyadic buyer-supplier relationships. However, supply chains are much more extensive, featuring multi-tiered systems consisting of many interconnected sequential and parallel dyadic relationships; therefore, a more expansive and holistic approach to exploring the management and integration of social sustainability standards across the extended supply chain is desirable. This research attempts to help fill this void and considers the extent to which a series of sequential upstream and downstream supply chain partners, rather than only a focal organization’s immediate suppliers and buyers, influence the formulation process of the social aspects of a sustainability strategy and the deployment of associated practices across the extended supply chain. Findings in the literature indicate that, inter alia, sustainability efforts in the supply chain are likely to be guided by stakeholders’ sustainability desires/requirements, the geographical location of buyers and suppliers and the associated sustainability enforcement regulations and cultural norms, and the volume of trade between the buyer and supplier. This paper uses the results gleaned from a review of the literature to propose a conceptual framework for selection of sustainability strategy across the multi-tiered supply chain. Finally, we introduce a conceptual approach to the process of implementing and deploying the social aspects of sustainability strategies and practices across the supply chain using an integrated social-sustainability information management system (ISIMS).
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Nawaz, Waseem, Zahira Batool, and Muhammad Shabbir Ch. "Perception and Satisfaction of Residents Regarding Services Provided Under Greater Faisalabad Water Supply, Sewerage and Drainage Project." Global Regional Review V, no. I (March 30, 2020): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(v-i).17.
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A project funded by Asian Development Bank was executed in 1996. This project included provision of potable water, sewerage and drainage services. A PhD level dissertation was conducted to assess the impacts of this project on target population. Faisalabad city is divided into four municipal zones. A multistage sampling method was adopted for selection of respondents. The data was collected by using a pre-coded interview schedule. Only Inferential techniques were applied for data analysis to explore the association among different variables. The results revealed that the beneficiaries perceived better about the environmental improvements as well as they are satisfied with services provided under this project. It has outcome from results that there is a strong association between improvements made in social, physical and economic aspects of the residents and perception and satisfaction level of people with services provided under this project. It can be concluded that the project has good and positive impact on all aspects of the life of dwellers.
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Pintor, Lynlei, and Josefina Dizon. "Water Governance Framework in Sta. Cruz River Watershed, Laguna, Philippines." Journal of Environmental Science and Management 22, no. 1 (September 25, 2019): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2019_1/05.
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Since food security relies on sustainable water supply, this study developed an irrigation water governance framework in order to achieve an effective water irrigation supply. It was conducted in Pila and Sta. Cruz, Laguna with 176 members of the 26 Irrigation Associations. Spearman Rho correlation was used to analyzed the relationship between water governance variables and availability of water. Hindering factors include insufficient water supply during the dry season, deforestation and quarrying, and the limited funds for rehabilitation of the irrigation canals. Majority of the respondents positively declared that their rice production is enough for their household consumption. However, they occasionally experience rice shortage due to strong typhoon and dam was damage by strong typhoon but there is still food security at the household level since rice is available in the market.There is a positive strong linear association between management of water resources and regulation of irrigation water and availability of water. Regulation of irrigation water and the availability of irrigation water were found to have a strong linear relationship. The IA is at the core of the water governance model since ownership of the irrigation system was already transferred by the NIA to the IA. With these, the study recommended that the political, social, and economic aspects, and administrative systems should be taken into consideration. However, various institutions play a vital role for the IA to address the different factors. Through this, good water governance can be achieved resulting to water security thereby achieving rice security.
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Kottala, Sri Yogi. "Sustainable Supply Chain Management Practices." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 12, no. 3 (July 2021): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2021070104.
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This paper made an effort to compile the relevant research articles in the last 18 years on sustainable supply chain management practices. The author has classified the review based on sustainability in manufacturing and supply chain aspects using the dimensions of sustainability (i.e., economic, environment social aspects, and sustainable supply chain management performance evaluation). The authors summarized the relevant work published in noted refereed national and international journals and conference proceedings. The work suggested some research directions as well as propositions for researchers, especially with reference to the Indian context.
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Torregrosa, Maria Luisa. "Social aspects of irrigation district transfer." International Journal of Water Resources Development 10, no. 3 (January 1994): 351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900629408722635.
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Lima, Flavia de Jesus, Gregorio Guirado Faccioli, Raimundo Rodrigues Gomes Filho, Alane Regina Rodrigues Dos Santos, and Ketylen Vieira Santos. "Evaluation of Consumption and Changes in Water use During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Population of Aracaju." Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 18, no. 1 (November 15, 2023): e04188. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n1-040.
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Objective: To evaluate changes in water use during the covid-19 pandemic in the municipality of Aracaju, SE. Theoretical reference: This study was conducted based on theoretical foundations, highlighting how the new coronavirus pandemic affected people's lives and the importance of using water in combating the pandemic and maintaining water supply services for the population of Aracaju water, especially for people who are in a vulnerable state. Method: A methodology explored the hypothetical-deductive with a qualitative-quantitative approach. To meet the proposed objectives, data was collected from the supply company DESO, using macro meters, for an analysis of the volumes distributed and consumed, during the covid-19 pandemic. Results and conclusion: Among the neighborhoods surveyed, José Conrado de Araújo was the one with the highest volume of water distributed. The 13 de Julho neighborhood had the largest volume micromeasured, that is, consumed. A questionnaire was administered on the understanding of water use and sustainable practices during the pandemic, and it was found that those interviewed knew the importance of its reuse, although in practice they did not do so. Implications of the research: In the face of pandemic situations, with the imposition of social isolation and protective measures linked to the use of water, the interruption of daily activities in businesses, schools and services considered non-essential, the confinement of people in their homes and encouraging the use of water for hand hygiene led to a notable increase in residential water consumption in the metropolis of Aracaju compared to 2018 and 2019. Originality/value: The study has environmental, social, economic and scientific value with proven information and the originality of the expositions based on the understanding of aspects related to water use is important to add relevant information on ensuring a water supply system continuously and sustainably, in the face of a pandemic.
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Bekturganov, A. E., and G. B. Teleuyev. "Legal aspects of providing the population with high-quality drinking water in theRepublic of Kazakhstan." BULLETIN of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. LAW Series 145, no. 4 (2023): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6844-2023-145-4-27-37.
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The proposed article examines the legal issues of providing the population with high-quality drinking water.The importance of providing the population with drinking water and the need for legal influence on it is also considered. Today, there is a problem of water shortage all over the world due to changes in the global climate or other factors. From the point of view of natural law, humanity has equal rights to quality water and no one should be given an advantage over others. After all, the health of the population and social status directly depend on high-quality drinking water. Undoubtedly, water not only satisfies the natural needs of a person, but also affects his health.the main goal of the city is the theoretical legal study of providing the population with high-quality drinking water, bringing proposals for improving domestic legislation and practice. The main part of the article analyzes the historical legal aspects of providing the population with high-quality drinking water, presenting mechanisms for improvement in the conditions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, taking into account the current regulatory situation. In the final part, the authors propose effective ways to improve the quality of drinking water supply to the population in the conditions of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
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Kumar, Hemant, Vanika Ruchi K, Ruchi K, Aravindan V, and Arijit Dey. "Death due to Accidental Electrocution: Social Aspects: A Case Report." Journal of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology 6, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/jfct.2454.9363.6120.9.
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Background: The passage of electric current through human body can produce multiple effects, commonly known as Electrocution. The passage of electric current through the body produces wide range of effects, varying from insignificant localized spasm, little or no contact burns, fatality with little or no burns or extreme severe burning. Case Report: A detailed history of the incident revealed that the bike rider skid and fell on the water logged road in rainy season and came in contact with the high tension wire and was electrocuted. The second person tried to attend to the bike driver and he also came in contact with the same wire and died instantly. Autopsy revealed external electrocution injuries on both deceased. Both these deaths were accidental in nature and were preventable. Histopathological examination of the electric contact point showed elongation and streaming of nuclei with focal inter-epidermal and epidermal-dermal separation. Conclusion: This present article focuses on need for proper development of water drainage system especially during rainy season and also to generate public awareness regarding regular supervision of roadside Electric pole and wires which could prevent similar accidents. A detailed history regarding the incidence, scene visit, circumstantial evidence, statement of witness and proper postmortem examination with the histopathological examination are recommended prior to concluding the cause of death in case of alleged death due to electrocution. The data can be used for further planning and implementation of adequate measures to prevent accidents and thereby benefit the society.
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Essl, L., M. Starkl, P. C. Kimothi, C. Sandhu, and T. Grischek. "Riverbank filtration and managed aquifer recharge as alternative water supply technologies for India: strengths–weaknesses–opportunities–threats analysis." Water Supply 14, no. 4 (March 24, 2014): 690–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2014.026.
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As part of the Saph Pani project, a rapid assessment of a riverbank filtration site in Haridwar and data from literature on riverbank filtration and managed aquifer recharge in India are used for a strengths–weaknesses–opportunities–threats (SWOT) analysis based on environmental, social, institutional and economic aspects. Both technologies show a high potential for future application in India, where alternative solutions are required to mitigate water scarcity and reduce the over-exploitation of groundwater aquifers.
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Sinha, Mayank. "Rainwater Harvesting." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 6597–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.53201.
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Abstract: One of the severe issues that is well recognized on the planet is the water scarcity. Overexploitation of groundwater and surface water resources is the outcome of population growth, urbanization, and industrial expansion. Due to uneven rainfall, the traditional water sources, such as wells, rivers, and reservoirs, are unable to supply all of the water needed .While a new water source is being investigated by the rainwater gathering system. Utilizing rainwater is the study goal, which is closely related to the idea of protecting the environment. This study examines the Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) system as a substitute for the BBDITM H-block as a source of water. By taking into account nearly all technological aspects, the development system satisfies social requirements and maybe implemented in both urban & rural areas.
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Simplício, Alexandre Henrique de Melo. "Social media and Dentistry: ethical and legal aspects." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 24, no. 6 (December 2019): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.24.6.080-089.sar.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: In a saturated market with an over-supply of undergraduate and graduate programs, social media have become attractive means of advertising in Dentistry. However, posts frequently contain ethical violations and lead to service commodification, and their contents are often in disagreement with the Code of Consumer Protection. Objective: This article, which focuses on ethical and legal developments, contributes to the discussion and elucidation of questions associated with advertising that uses clinical images and photographs of patients in social media for commercial purposes and self-promotion. Conclusion: Social media and networks are valuable tools of dissemination and exchange of information because of their flexibility, democratic character and low cost. However, their abusive or misleading use, as well as the ethical and legal violations associated with the difficulty in controlling their use, may lead to serious damages and unfavorable court decisions.
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Santos Hernández, Bertha Lucía, and Duvan Emilio Ramírez-Ospina. "<b>Sosteniblidad de cadenas de suministro: Caracterización y Gestión</b>." Revista de Ciencias Empresariales │Universidad Blas Pascal, no. 8(2023) (December 29, 2023): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37767/2468-9785(2023)002.
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La gestión de la sostenibilidad de las cadenas de suministro trae consigo beneficios a las organizaciones, sociedad y planeta al equilibrar el aspecto económico, ambiental y social. Por tanto, el objetivo de investigación consiste en describir las características de la gestión de la sostenibilidad de cadena de suministro en empresas de la industria de manufactura. Abstract Sustainability Supply chain management brings benefits to organizations, society and the planet by balancing economic, environmental and social aspects. Therefore, the research objective is to describe the characteristics of supply chain sustainability management in companies in the manufacturing industry.
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dos Santos, Raquel, Joyeeta Gupta, Nicky R. M. Pouw, and Klaas Schwartz. "Public water supply and sanitation policies and inclusive development of the urban poor in Brazil." Water Policy 21, no. 2 (January 21, 2019): 351–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.025.
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Abstract Poorly designed policies jeopardise ecosystems and their services and the expansion of basic services to vulnerable populations. In the water and sanitation (WatSan) sector, inadequate access of the urban poor to formal and public drinking water supply and sanitation services (WSS) calls for more inclusive policies. Inclusive development (ID) has social, environmental and relational dimensions. However, there is little research on operationalising ID dimensions in WatSan policy discourse analysis. Hence, this paper addresses: How can we elaborate on indicators for inclusive WatSan policies? How can these be applied to assess the design of Brazilian WatSan policies? It examines the literature on ID and WatSan, develops and applies an analytical framework with six indicators to assess ID in WSS through policy analysis: access to minimum WSS; access to WSS even if the urban poor do not have formal housing; domestic wastewater collection/treatment; water availability; participation; and WSS subsidies for low-income people. Comparison between two Brazilian WatSan policies shows that the current WatSan law scores higher on ID than the previous law but neglects key aspects of social, environmental and relational ID dimensions. The selected indicators were useful to operationalise ID in WatSan policy discourse analysis and can boost policy design assessment elsewhere.
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Morales Rojas, Eli, Edwin Adolfo Díaz Ortiz, Cesar Augusto Medina Tafur, Ligia García, Manuel Oliva, and Nilton B. Rojas Briceño. "A Rainwater Harvesting and Treatment System for Domestic Use and Human Consumption in Native Communities in Amazonas (NW Peru): Technical and Economic Validation." Scientifica 2021 (October 19, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4136379.
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The inhabitants of Tunants and Yahuahua face water supply problems in terms of quantity and quality, leading to socio-environmental and health impacts in the areas. The objective of this research, therefore, is to determine the technical and economic feasibility of a proposal for a rainwater harvesting and treatment system for human consumption in the native communities. For the technical feasibility, monthly water demand per family was compared with the amount of water collected in the rainy and dry seasons. In addition, 16 physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters were evaluated at the inlet and outlet of the water system. The economic feasibility was determined by the initial investment and maintenance of the systems; with the benefits, we obtained the net present social value (NPSV), social internal rate of return (SIRR), and cost-effectiveness (CE). Technically, oxygenation and chlorination in the storage tanks allowed for water quality in physical, chemical, and microbiological aspects, according to the D.S. N° 031-2010-SA standard, in all cases. Finally, with an initial investment of S/2,600 and S/70.00 for annual maintenance of the system, it is possible to supply up to six people per family with an average daily consumption of 32.5 L per person. It is suggested that the system be used at scale in the context of native communities in north-eastern Peru.
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Lennon, M. A., S. Jones, and S. M. Woodward. "Some Operational Aspects of School-Milk Fluoridation in St. Helens, Merseyside, UK." Advances in Dental Research 9, no. 2 (July 1995): 118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374950090020601.
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St. Helens is a small industrial town situated about 20 km east of Liverpool. It lies in an area of social deprivation and, by UK standards, dental caries experience is high (e.g., dmft at 5 years = 2.8; DMFT at 12 years = 2.7). Water fluoridation is an important part of the government's strategy for improving oral health in such areas; however, in large parts of St. Helens, implementation of water fluoridation is complicated by reason of the multiple sources of water supply. The aims of the St. Helens study are therefore to examine the technical, organizational, and legal aspects of the fluoridation of school milk as an alternative public health approach. In the UK, children attending nursery units (kindergartens) from ages 2-4 years and infant schools from ages 4-7 years are eligible for 189 mL of milk to be consumed each day at school. These two schemes are funded or subsidized by the Departments of Health (UK) or the European Community, respectively. A preliminary review of the possibility of using school milk as a vehicle for fluoride has been published recently (Jones et al., 1992). The current paper will review progress over the past 12 months, including the response of schools, dairies, and other organizational considerations.
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Veljković, Jelena, Goran Milovanović, and Miljana Talić. "Green supply chains and global competitiveness of companies." Ekonomika 68, no. 3 (2022): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekonomika2203029v.
Full textAbstract:
Companies are increasingly incorporating both social and environmental sustainability into their business activities. Ethical issues along with environmental and labor protection issues are integral components of the supply chain strategy. By implementing the concept of green supply chain, the level of sustainability, supply continuity and long-term business efficiency are improved. Positioning modern supply chains in the context of a green economy and a dynamic business environment is a matter of work. The key goal of this paper is to identify the business implications of the relationship between green supply chains, the environment and economic, social and environmental performance, based on the analysis for the field of research of relevant scientific sources, and to propose a model of "greening" of classic supply chains. of benefit to researchers and company managers. The research contribution of this paper is reflected in the achieved level of development and degree of implementation of sustainability practices in global supply chain management practices, overview of concepts, paradigms and research in the field of green supply chains over a period of twenty years, as well as in examining the impact of leading global supply chains on three main aspects of the environment-climate, water resources and forests. The paper is structured according to the IMRAD principle. The first part points out the different theoretical coverage of the concept of green supply chain. Then a green supply chain model is proposed. Analysis of the development perspective and discussion on the impacts of green chains on the environment is a key topic of the next part of the paper.