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Ghafurian, Moojan, Jesse Hoey, and Kerstin Dautenhahn. "Social Robots for the Care of Persons with Dementia." ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction 10, no. 4 (2021): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3469653.
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Intelligent assistive robots can enhance the quality of life of people with dementia and their caregivers. They can increase the independence of older adults, reduce tensions between a person with dementia and their caregiver, and increase social engagement. This article provides a review of assistive robots designed for and evaluated by persons with dementia. Assistive robots that only increased mobility or brain-computer interfaces were excluded. Google Scholar, IEEE Digital Library, PubMed, and ACM Digital Library were searched. A final set of 53 articles covering research in 16 different countries are reviewed. Assistive robots are categorized into five different applications and evaluated for their effectiveness, as well as the robots’ social and emotional capabilities. Our findings show that robots used in the context of therapy or for increasing engagement received the most attention in the literature, whereas the robots that assist by providing health guidance or help with an activity of daily living received relatively limited attention. PARO was the most commonly used robot in dementia care studies. The effectiveness of each assistive robot and the outcome of the studies are discussed, and particularly, the social/emotional capabilities of each assistive robot are summarized. Gaps in the research literature are identified and we provide directions for future work.
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Astorga, Misael, Dagoberto Cruz-Sandoval, and Jesus Favela. "A Social Robot to Assist in Addressing Disruptive Eating Behaviors by People with Dementia." Robotics 12, no. 1 (2023): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics12010029.
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Socially assistive robots have been proposed to help people with dementia to conduct activities of daily living, facilitate therapeutic interventions or address problematic symptoms associated with the disease. Psychological symptoms of dementia, such as anxiety, apathy or aggression, are the main cause of distress to both people with dementia and caregivers. Caregivers frequently report disruptive eating behaviors as a major cause of concern. These include being distracted while eating, throwing food or refusing to eat. This paper reports the design and evaluation of a social robot aimed at assisting people with dementia with disruptive eating behaviors. We describe the user-centered design process that was followed and the implementation and evaluation of the assistive robot. The assistive robot identifies common challenging behaviors, using mostly computer vision, and incorporates strategies recommended by caregivers to help address them.
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Wang, Lin, Jia Chen, and Da-Young Ju. "Factors Contributing to Korean Older Adults’ Acceptance of Assistive Social Robots." Electronics 10, no. 18 (2021): 2204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10182204.
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This study investigated the factors contributing to older adults’ acceptance of assistive social robots. A survey was conducted to find factors explaining and predicting older adults’ acceptance behavior of assistive social robots. Three factors of older adults’ needs for assistive social robots were found (advanced needs, social needs, and physiological needs) which integrated Maslow’s five levels of basic human needs. According to older adults’ self-reported scores, the most important needs were physiological needs, followed by advanced needs and social needs. A regression analysis showed that the advanced needs and social needs significantly influence older adults’ use intention of assistive social robots. The results can assist in the future design of assistive social robot functions and features targeting the older population.
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Kadylak, Travis, Megan Bayles, and Wendy Rogers. "Exploring Social and Assistive Domestic Robots for Older Adults: Robot Sociability, Trust, and Acceptance." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (2021): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1170.
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Abstract Older adults prefer to age in place, to live independently while maintaining social connection and engagement with the community. Though older adults can encounter barriers to these goals, social and assistive domestic robots hold promise for promoting independence and online/offline social engagement. However, social robots must be designed to meet their needs and preferences. Open questions remain regarding how to facilitate the development of trust and acceptance in robot support. We investigated the associations between robot social characteristics, sociability, trust, and acceptance for instrumental activities of daily living. We used an online survey to assess older adults’ perceptions towards social and assistive robots. Robots with more social abilities were rated as more acceptable and trustworthy across different task types. We discuss design implications that may promote the development of robot trust and acceptance by older adults, and ultimately help enable aging in place and social engagement.
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Emad, Vahideh, Mahnaz Estaki, and Roya Koochak Entezar. "Comparing the Effectiveness of Sensory Integration Therapy With and Without an Assistive Robot on Social Interaction of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder." Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 11, no. 2 (2022): 222–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/sjrm.11.2.5.
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Background and Aims Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder. Weakness in social interactions and sensory disorders are the problems of children with ASD. These children are weak in social interactions with other children and their therapists. Robots may be used as a friend or assistive therapist to teach different social and cognitive skills to them. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of sensory integration therapy with and without an assistive robot on social interaction of children with ASD. Methods This is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest/posttest/follow-up design using a control group. The study population consists of all children with ASD aged 7-9 years in Tehran, Iran. Of these, 45 children with a moderate level of ASD were selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group. Data collection tool was the social interaction subscale of the second edition of the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale. Both experimental groups received sensory integration therapy at 15 sessions, while only one group received the therapy with an assistive robot at 15 sessions. The data were collected before, immediately after, and two months after the intervention. The collected data were analyzed using a mixed analysis of variance in SPSS v. 22 software. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results The results showed that the sensory integration therapy with and without the use of an assistive robot were significantly effective in improving the social interactions of children with ASD, where the sensory integration therapy with an assistive robot had a greater effect (P<0.05). Conclusion The sensory integration therapy with an assistive robot is more effective in improving the social interactions of children with ASD compared to the sensory integration therapy without the use of an assistive robot.
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Zamer, Jason, Anne Adams, Jenay Beer, Xian Wu, and Jane Komsky. "Social Assistive Robots for Assisting Activity Professionals." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3406.
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Abstract Activity Professionals have high expectations for creating engaging and active resident social programming. A socially assistive robot (SAR) specifically designed for community-based settings has the potential to improve social programming. A SAR is suitable for engagement during times with social contact is restricted, such as COVID-19, other infectious outbreaks, weak immune system, or inability to move. We conducted an online survey to determine how a SAR can best support the responsibilities of Activity Professionals. Activity Professionals (N=19) completed the online questionnaire. Respondents (aged M=48.00, SD=12.87; 95% female, 100% native English speakers, 68% White/Caucasian, 21% Black/African American) were highly educated/experienced: 68% had a Bachelor’s degree or above, and 53% had 10-35 years of experience. Respondents worked in Independent Living (68%), Assisted Living (37%), Memory Care (26%), Skilled Nursing (21%), or Personal Care (11%). Respondents rated their job as very demanding (8 out of 10). Differences existed in terms of physical and temporal demands. Job satisfaction was high (average 8 out of 10; SD= 2). Respondents reported enjoyment in preparing, personalizing, and running activities. Least preferred was gathering residents for activities. Respondents wanted more help, but it depended on the task. Qualitative data analysis showed that help was desired for motivating residents to join activities, group communication, and resident devices. A SAR, equipped with the ability to reach every resident’s living quarter, has the potential to provide group communication, deliver engagement programs, and motivate residents to join events, providing Activity Professionals more time to engage with residents for more personal interaction.
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Wang, Rosalie H., Aishwarya Sudhama, Momotaz Begum, Rajibul Huq, and Alex Mihailidis. "Robots to assist daily activities: views of older adults with Alzheimer's disease and their caregivers." International Psychogeriatrics 29, no. 1 (2016): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610216001435.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Robots have the potential to both enable older adults with dementia to perform daily activities with greater independence, and provide support to caregivers. This study explored perspectives of older adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their caregivers on robots that provide stepwise prompting to complete activities in the home.Methods:Ten dyads participated: Older adults with mild-to-moderate AD and difficulty completing activity steps, and their family caregivers. Older adults were prompted by a tele-operated robot to wash their hands in the bathroom and make a cup of tea in the kitchen. Caregivers observed interactions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted individually. Transcribed interviews were thematically analyzed.Results:Three themes summarized responses to robot interactions:contemplating a future with assistive robots,considering opportunities with assistive robots, andreflecting on implications for social relationships. Older adults expressed opportunities for robots to help in daily activities, were open to the idea of robotic assistance, but did not want a robot. Caregivers identified numerous opportunities and were more open to robots. Several wanted a robot, if available. Positive consequences of robots in caregiving scenarios could include decreased frustration, stress, and relationship strain, and increased social interaction via the robot. A negative consequence could be decreased interaction with caregivers.Conclusions:Few studies have investigated in-depth perspectives of older adults with dementia and their caregivers following direct interaction with an assistive prompting robot. To fulfill the potential of robots, continued dialogue between users and developers, and consideration of robot design and caregiving relationship factors are necessary.
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Power, Shannon, Kasey Smith, Lydia Burton, Reuben Abedine, Jenay Beer, and Anne Adams. "EXPLORING PERCEPTIONS OF A SOCIALLY ASSISTIVE ROBOT IN ASSISTED LIVING: RECOMMENDATIONS FROM FAMILY CARE PARTNERS." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (2023): 1165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.3736.
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Abstract Research has shown that socially assistive robots are effective in delivering health and behavioral interventions to persons with and at-risk for dementia living in assisted living facilities. However, to gain a more comprehensive understanding on the potential benefits of socially assistive robots, family care partners should also be consulted for design recommendations. Thus, we conducted semi-structured virtual focus groups to investigate family care partners’ (N=10) perceived benefits, concerns, and design recommendations of a socially assistive robot for their loved ones with or at-risk for dementia. Robot interactions (e.g., activity reminders, trivia entertainment, health prompts) were presented to participants via video, followed by in-depth questions and discussion. Thematic qualitative analysis (intercoder agreement = 87.5%) resulted in most recommendations on usefulness and function (30%), followed by engagement and entertainment (18%), social attributes (15%), customization (14%), health promotion, education, and behavior (9%), appearance (7%), and other (7%). Family care partners recommended improvements to build interactivity, social connection, and usefulness, such as improvements to robot appearance, customization and adaptability in robot capability that matches disease progression, and considerations for ethical implementation (i.e., the robot as supplement, not replacement, of human caregiving). Our findings represent the personal perspective of care partners intimately acquainted with dementia and caregiving, and from this perspective, yield specific recommendations for useful design of socially assistive robots.
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Elbeleidy, Saad, Terran Mott, Dan Liu, Ellen Do, Elizabeth Reddy, and Tom Williams. "Beyond the Session: Centering Teleoperators in Socially Assistive Robot-Child Interactions Reveals the Bigger Picture." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 7, CSCW2 (2023): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3610175.
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Socially assistive robots play an effective role in children's therapy and education. Robots engage children and provide interaction that is free of the potential judgment of human peers and adults. Research in socially assistive robots for children generally focuses on therapeutic and educational outcomes for those children, informed by a vision of autonomous robots. This perspective ignores therapists and educators, who operate these robots in practice. Through nine interviews with individuals who have used robots to deliver socially assistive services to neurodivergent children, we (1) define a dual-cycle model of therapy that helps capture the domain expert view of therapy, (2) identify six core themes of teleoperator needs and patterns across these themes, (3) provide high-level guidelines and detailed recommendations for designing teleoperated socially assistive robot systems, and (4) outline a vision of robot-assisted therapy informed by these guidelines and recommendations that centers teleoperators of socially assistive robots in practice.
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Vasiliu, Laurentiu, Keith Cortis, Ross McDermott, et al. "CASIE – Computing affect and social intelligence for healthcare in an ethical and trustworthy manner." Paladyn, Journal of Behavioral Robotics 12, no. 1 (2021): 437–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjbr-2021-0026.
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Abstract This article explores the rapidly advancing innovation to endow robots with social intelligence capabilities in the form of multilingual and multimodal emotion recognition, and emotion-aware decision-making capabilities, for contextually appropriate robot behaviours and cooperative social human–robot interaction for the healthcare domain. The objective is to enable robots to become trustworthy and versatile social robots capable of having human-friendly and human assistive interactions, utilised to better assist human users’ needs by enabling the robot to sense, adapt, and respond appropriately to their requirements while taking into consideration their wider affective, motivational states, and behaviour. We propose an innovative approach to the difficult research challenge of endowing robots with social intelligence capabilities for human assistive interactions, going beyond the conventional robotic sense-think-act loop. We propose an architecture that addresses a wide range of social cooperation skills and features required for real human–robot social interaction, which includes language and vision analysis, dynamic emotional analysis (long-term affect and mood), semantic mapping to improve the robot’s knowledge of the local context, situational knowledge representation, and emotion-aware decision-making. Fundamental to this architecture is a normative ethical and social framework adapted to the specific challenges of robots engaging with caregivers and care-receivers.
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Hung, Lillian, Donna Case, Haopu Ren, Nathan Velazquez, and Olga Petrovskaya. "LIVING WITH A ROBOT AT HOME: THE COMPLEXITY OF LIVING WITH ASSISTIVE ROBOTS LABRADOR AND DOUBLE IN EVERYDAY LIFE." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (2023): 409–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.1353.
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Abstract The potential for assistive robots to support older adults’ independence and social connections requires careful consideration of their implications in everyday use. This study investigates the use of two assistive robots, Labrador and Double, in older adults, guided by Actor-Network Theory (ANT). Labrador (a delivery robot) assists with medication management, meals, laundry, house cleaning to support independence, while Double (a teleprence robot) enables virtual social visits. ANT offers a way to understand how the robots interact with different actors, such as older adults, family members, staff, and the environment in which they operate. We applied a qualitative approach to explore how users construct meanings, use, and make sense of the robots in their everyday contexts. Semi-structured interviews and ethnographic fieldwork were conducted with participants to generate data. Reflexive thematic analysis was performed, and three themes emerged: (1) the human-robot relationship, (2) the robot’s agency, and (3) ethical implications. The findings suggest that having the robots in everyday life is a process of constant negotiation with the people, practice, and the robot. The study highlights the challenges and opportunities associated with the implementation of robots to improve quality of life in senior care. While there is a fear that assistive robots will dehumanize caring practices, our study shows that they have the potential to foster innovative user-technology relationships, which requires further research.
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Mois, George, Lizandra Vergara, Afnaan Afsar Ali, Mimi Trinh, and Wendy Rogers. "UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF A SOCIALLY ASSISTIVE ROBOT TO SUPPORT AGING IN PLACE." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.280.
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Abstract Communities may lack the infrastructure and required resources to support healthy aging and aging in place. Advancements in technology development such as socially assistive robots and artificial intelligence present new opportunities to support and meet the needs of older adults. For example, Misty is a socially assistive robot designed to allow customizability and adaptability to support and meet diverse user needs pertaining to tasks and activities. Our research aim is to understand if Misty can facilitate social interactions with older adults, control the home environment, and provide reminders. We are exploring older adults’ attitudes towards Misty through demonstrations of these activities. Through this research we provide insights pertaining to the facilitators and barriers in the acceptance and use of a socially assistive robot like Misty, to support healthy aging. Furthermore, our findings will provide guidance for design and implementation of artificial intelligence through socially assistive robots in a home environment.
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CHAN, JEANIE, GOLDIE NEJAT, and JINGCONG CHEN. "DESIGNING INTELLIGENT SOCIALLY ASSISTIVE ROBOTS AS EFFECTIVE TOOLS IN COGNITIVE INTERVENTIONS." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 08, no. 01 (2011): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843611002423.
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Recently, there has been a growing body of research that supports the effectiveness of using non-pharmacological cognitive and social training interventions to reduce the decline of or improve brain functioning in individuals suffering from cognitive impairments. However, implementing and sustaining such interventions on a long-term basis is difficult as they require considerable resources and people, and can be very time-consuming for healthcare staff. Our research focuses on making these interventions more accessible to healthcare professionals through the aid of robotic assistants. The objective of our work is to develop an intelligent socially assistive robot with abilities to recognize and identify human affective intent to determine its own appropriate emotion-based behavior while engaging in assistive interactions with people. In this paper, we present the design of a novel human-robot interaction (HRI) control architecture that allows the robot to provide social and cognitive stimulation in person-centered cognitive interventions. Namely, the novel control architecture is designed to allow a robot to act as a social motivator by encouraging, congratulating and assisting a person during the course of a cognitively stimulating activity. Preliminary experiments validate the effectiveness of the control architecture in providing assistive interactions during a HRI-based person-directed activity.
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Ahmed, Mahmoud Mohamed Hussien, Mohammad Nehal Hasnine, and Bipin Indurkhya. "A Participatory Design Approach to Designing Educational Interventions for Science Students Using Socially Assistive Robots." Electronics 14, no. 13 (2025): 2513. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14132513.
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We present here an approach to the deployment of social robots in a science laboratory to monitor the behavior of students with respect to safety regulations to prevent accidents. Our vision is that the social robot should act as a friendly companion for students and encourage them to follow safe laboratory practices. Towards this goal, we developed a Laboratory Safety Assistant Framework (LSA) using a Misty II Plus robot and designed three dashboards within it as interventions. This LSA framework was evaluated using a participatory design (PD) study with twenty university students (eleven from Japan and nine from Egypt). For this study, we designed a questionnaire that contains 42 questions on the prior knowledge of students about socially assistive robots and their expectations about how socially assistive robots can create a secure environment in the scientific laboratory. The chi-square test revealed that there are no differences between groups in their perceptions of using Misty II to achieve safety inside science laboratories. In their perception of the capabilities of social robots and the sharing of feelings, students believe that using social robots like Misty II inside the science laboratory can make the lab safe and decrease risk inside the science laboratory without using the three dashboards of the LSA framework. However, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed that there is a significant improvement in students’ perceptions ((Median = 106.5, Z = −2.39, p < 0.05, r = 0.53)) between students’ expectations of using social robots to achieve safety in scientific laboratories before and after they interacted with the social robot and knew about the feasibility of the three dashboards we designed. Furthermore, the t-test revealed participants’ experiences of sharing feelings with a social robot, and the intervention suggested by the LSA framework was to design a system integrating this into a social robot to enhance safety within the scientific laboratory (t (19) = 3.39, p = 0.003).
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Tobis, Slawomir, Joanna Piasek, Miroslawa Cylkowska-Nowak, and Aleksandra Suwalska. "Robots in Eldercare: How Does a Real-World Interaction with the Machine Influence the Perceptions of Older People?" Sensors 22, no. 5 (2022): 1717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22051717.
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(1) Background: Using autonomous social robots in selected areas of care for community-dwelling older adults is one of the promising approaches to address the problem of the widening care gap. We posed the question of whether a possibility to interact with the technology to be used had an impact on the scores given by the respondents in various domains of needs and requirements for social robots to be deployed in care for older individuals. (2) Methods: During the study, the opinions of older people (65+; n = 113; with no severe cognitive impairment) living in six social care institutions about a robot in care for older people were collected twice using the Users’ Needs, Requirements and Abilities Questionnaire (UNRAQ): after seeing a photo of the robot only and after a 90–150 min interaction with the TIAGo robot. (3) Results: Mean total scores for both assistive and social functions were higher after the interaction (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between opinion changes in social and assistive functions (r = 0.4842; p = 0.0000). (4) Conclusions: Preimplementation studies and assessments should include the possibility to interact with the robot to provide its future users with a clear idea of the technology and facilitate necessary customisations of the machine.
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Kędzierski, Jan, Paweł Kaczmarek, Michał Dziergwa, and Krzysztof Tchoń. "Design for a Robotic Companion." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 12, no. 01 (2015): 1550007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843615500073.
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We can learn from the history of robotics that robots are getting closer to humans, both in the physical as well as in the social sense. The development line of robotics is marked with the triad: industrial — assistive — social robots, that leads from human–robot separation toward human–robot interaction. A social robot is a robot able to act autonomously and to interact with humans using social cues. A social robot that can assist a human for a longer period of time is called a robotic companion. This paper is devoted to the design and control issues of such a robotic companion, with reference to the robot FLASH designed at the Wroclaw University of Technology within the European project LIREC, and currently developed by the authors. Two HRI experiments with FLASH demonstrate the human attitude toward FLASH. A trial testing of the robot's emotional system is described.
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Walden, Justin, Eun Hwa Jung, S. Shyam Sundar, and Ariel Celeste Johnson. "Mental models of robots among senior citizens." Interaction Studies 16, no. 1 (2015): 68–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.16.1.04wal.
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An emerging topic in robot design and scholarly research is socially assistive robots (SAR) for senior citizens. Compared to robots in other sectors, SARs can augment their assistive-utilitarian functions by offering social, emotional, and cognitive support to seniors. This study draws upon interviews with 45 senior citizens to understand this group’s expectations for human-robot interactions (HRI) and their anticipated needs for robots. Our grounded theory analysis suggests that senior citizens expect robots to meet three types of needs: physical, informational, and interactional. Furthermore, they seek assurances that they will have complete control over interactions with robots. Findings show that seniors’ mental models about robots are shaped by their recent experiences with advanced communications technologies and mediated representations of robots in popular culture. Findings are discussed in light of practical design considerations and two theoretical perspectives.
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Kato, Kenji, Tatsuya Yoshimi, Daiki Shimotori, et al. "Development of a Living Laboratory to Verify Assistive Technology in Simulated Indoor and Outdoor Spaces." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 28, no. 1 (2024): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2024.p0169.
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Assistive robots and technologies can play a key role in supporting the independence and social participation of older people, helping them living healthy lives and reducing the burden on caregivers. To support the effective development of assistive robots and technologies, it is important to develop a “living laboratory” to verify and adapt technology in real-life living spaces. The purpose of this study is to validate assistive robots using a living laboratory that simulates typical indoor and outdoor real-life situations. The rationale is to enable evaluation of daily living activities of older people in a simulated living space. To minimize the risk of trauma after falls, a ceiling suspension system was installed in the living laboratory. Six different commercially available mobility and transfer support robots were introduced and tested. We demonstrated that effective scenarios could be implemented using these assistive robots within the living laboratory. We implemented a 3D markerless motion capturing system in the outdoor space and showed that outdoor activities, including walking up and down a ramp, could be verified with sufficient accuracy in three cases: (i) normal use without a robot, (ii) use of the ceiling suspension system, and (iii) use of a mobility support robot on three healthy subjects. These results suggest that the proposed living laboratory can support testing and verification of assistive robots in simulated living environments.
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Clark, Cecilia, Levin Sliker, Jim Sandstrum, Brian Burne, Victoria Haggett, and Cathy Bodine. "Development and Preliminary Investigation of a Semiautonomous Socially Assistive Robot (SAR) Designed to Elicit Communication, Motor Skills, Emotion, and Visual Regard (Engagement) from Young Children with Complex Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Comparative Trial." Advances in Human-Computer Interaction 2019 (January 23, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2614060.
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Through play, typically developing children manipulate objects and interact with peers to establish and develop physical, cognitive, language, and social skills. However, children with complex disabilities and/or developmental delays have limited play experiences, thus compromising the quality of play and acquisition of skills. Assistive technologies have been developed to increase opportunities and level of interaction for children with disabilities to facilitate learning and development. One type of technology, Socially Assistive Robotics, is designed to assist the human user through social interaction while creating measurable growth in learning and rehabilitation. The investigators in this study designed, developed, and validated a semiautonomous Socially Assistive Robot to compare with a switch-adapted toy to determine robot effectiveness in quantity of, changes in, and differences in engagement. After interacting with both systems for three sessions each, five of the eight subjects showed a greater level of positive engagement with the robot than the switch-adapted toy, while the remaining three subjects showed slightly higher positive engagement with the toy. The preliminary results of the study suggest that Socially Assistive Robots specifically designed for children with complex cerebral palsy should be further researched and utilized to enrich play interactions and skill development for this population.
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Wang, Jing, Dain LaRoche, Momotaz Begum, Xueting Tang, and Sajay Arthanat. "DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS’ ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF HOME-MONITORING ASSISTIVE ROBOTS IN DEMENTIA CARE." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (2023): 1183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.3790.
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Abstract Understanding dementia caregivers’ perspectives on the ethical dimensions of socially assistive robot technology is essential for its responsible and sustainable implementation. This study provides comprehensive insights into the ethical considerations of using home-monitoring assistive robots in dementia care, as seen through the perspectives of caregivers. A focus group and a follow-up interview were conducted with seven participant caregivers following their exploration of a home-monitoring assistive robot sharing their insights and experiences related to its use in dementia care. The data were subjected to thematic analysis, identifying recurring patterns and themes within the participants’ accounts. Key findings included Responsibility and Safety: Need for safety outweighed privacy concerns of caregivers. They highlighted features such as reminders, danger alerts, and integration with security systems; Autonomy and Informed Consent: our findings emphasized promoting robot technology while respecting the autonomy of individuals with dementia in deciding technology use for their own care, acknowledging the variability in their responses; Technology Maturity and Expectation Management: Caregivers expressed expectations regarding robot functionalities, highlighting the importance of technological reliability, setup processes, and technical support. Dilemma in Monitoring and Privacy: Striking a balance between monitoring and privacy emerged as a crucial concern, sparking discussions on camera usage, sensor placement, and maintaining a suitable equilibrium; Affordability Challenges: Caregivers recognized the affordability challenges associated with robot technology as a significant hurdle. The themes highlight the complexity of integrating Socially assistive robots for dementia care responsibly, thereby informing future development and implementation strategies to ensure its beneficial and ethical use.
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Eftring, H., and S. Frennert. "Designing a social and assistive robot for seniors." Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie 49, no. 4 (2016): 274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00391-016-1064-7.
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De Carolis, Berardina, Stefano Ferilli, and Giuseppe Palestra. "Simulating empathic behavior in a social assistive robot." Multimedia Tools and Applications 76, no. 4 (2016): 5073–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-016-3797-0.
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Rollová, Lea, Peter Hubinský, and Natália Bošková Filová. "Universal design and social care: Assistive robots as other users of the built environment?" Architecture Papers of the Faculty of Architecture and Design STU 28, no. 3 (2023): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/alfa-2023-0015.
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Abstract The importance of designing architecture and physical environment using the Universal Design method so that all people have the opportunity to reside and participate in the environment has long been recognised. This design approach is even more important in housing for older adults and people with disabilities. However, even in environments designed according to universal design principles, the assistance of human staff is often necessary. We consider some of the routine and physically demanding activities of caregivers could be possibly replaced by robots. This would offer people who require care a greater degree of independence and relieve the burden on staff to give them more time for activities that robots cannot yet do. Robotics is a discipline covering various aspects of robot design and use. Apparently, numerous robots and robotic devices being developed for the social or healthcare sector, called Assistive Robots, are still in the concept, design or testing phase. However, this may change with the increasing investment in robotics and there is a need to be realistic about their possible use in the near future. Another considered robot type is a Butler or Service Robot which helps with delivering various objects including food or medicine. These types of robots require a barrier-free, accessible space to move around, similar to what people in wheelchairs or bedridden persons need for their movement and transfer. This paper publishes the results of a simulation of Assistive and Butler Robots in an extra-care housing facility, where social services with the help of robots are to be provided in the future. Manoeuvring of people and robots is simulated in a floorplan of the chosen model project of a family type house. Research aims to investigate the robots’ spatial requirements in a building project designed in accordance with universal design principles. The paper concludes with several answers to the questions posed and recommendations for the creation of residential buildings that support the symbiosis of humans and robots.
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Ntaountaki, Polyxeni, Georgia Lorentzou, Andriana Lykothanasi, Panagiota Anagnostopoulou, Vasiliki Alexandropoulou, and Athanasios Drigas. "Robotics in Autism Intervention." International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES) 7, no. 4 (2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v7i4.11448.
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Autism Spectrum Disorders is a group of lifelong disabilities that affect people's communication and underlying social messages. The state of the art is an indication of how technology, and in particular robotics, can offer promising tools to enhance research and treatment in ASD. This review represents an attempt to investigate how robot-assistive therapy strategies help children with autism increase social interaction and to imitate, recognize and express feelings. One of the major questions of this paper was if the robots appear to be effective means in assistive therapies. The research team of this paper concluded that robots are discovered to be a predictable and secure environment for ASD children and to be quite efficient in the intervention process. In addition to the above-mentioned, this project also broaches ethical issues that should be taken into consideration by the researchers and therapists during human-robot interplay.
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Fuentetaja, Raquel, Angel García-Olaya, Javier García, José Carlos González, and Fernando Fernández. "An Automated Planning Model for HRI: Use Cases on Social Assistive Robotics." Sensors 20, no. 22 (2020): 6520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226520.
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Using Automated Planning for the high level control of robotic architectures is becoming very popular thanks mainly to its capability to define the tasks to perform in a declarative way. However, classical planning tasks, even in its basic standard Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL) format, are still very hard to formalize for non expert engineers when the use case to model is complex. Human Robot Interaction (HRI) is one of those complex environments. This manuscript describes the rationale followed to design a planning model able to control social autonomous robots interacting with humans. It is the result of the authors’ experience in modeling use cases for Social Assistive Robotics (SAR) in two areas related to healthcare: Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) and non-contact rehabilitation therapies for patients with physical impairments. In this work a general definition of these two use cases in a unique planning domain is proposed, which favors the management and integration with the software robotic architecture, as well as the addition of new use cases. Results show that the model is able to capture all the relevant aspects of the Human-Robot interaction in those scenarios, allowing the robot to autonomously perform the tasks by using a standard planning-execution architecture.
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Robins, Ben, Kerstin Dautenhahn, and Janek Dubowski. "Does appearance matter in the interaction of children with autism with a humanoid robot?" Interaction Studies 7, no. 3 (2006): 479–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.7.3.16rob.
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This article studies the impact of a robot’s appearance on interactions involving four children with autism. This work is part of the Aurora project with the overall aim to support interaction skills in children with autism, using robots as ‘interactive toys’ that can encourage and mediate interactions. We follow an approach commonly adopted in assistive robotics and work with a small group of children with autism. This article investigates which robot appearances are suitable to encourage interactions between a robot and children with autism. The children’s levels of interaction with and response to different appearances of two types of robots are compared: a small humanoid doll, and a life-sized ‘Theatrical Robot’ (a mime artist behaving like a robot). The small humanoid robot appeared either as a human-like ‘pretty doll’ or as a ‘robot’ with plain features. The Theatrical Robot was presented either as an ordinary human, or with plain clothing and a featureless, masked face. The results of these trials clearly indicate the children’s preference in their initial response for interaction with a plain, featureless robot over the interaction with a human-like robot. In the case of the life-size Theatrical Robot, the response of children towards the plain/robotic robot was notably more social and pro-active. Implications of these results for our work on using robots as assistive technology for children with autism and their possible use in autism research are discussed.
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Tobis, Slawomir, Agnieszka Neumann-Podczaska, Sylwia Kropinska, and Aleksandra Suwalska. "UNRAQ—A Questionnaire for the Use of a Social Robot in Care for Older Persons. A Multi-Stakeholder Study and Psychometric Properties." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (2021): 6157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116157.
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(1) Background: while there exist validated measures to assess the needs of older people, there are comparatively few validated tools to assess needs and requirements for the use of robots. Henceforth, the aim of the study is to present and validate such a tool. (2) Methods: The study group included 720 subjects (mean age 52.0 ± 37.0, 541 females) who agreed to fill the Users’ Needs, Requirements, and Abilities Questionnaire (UNRAQ). The validation part of the study included 125 persons. (3) Results: the acceptance of the robot was good in the whole group. The social functions were rated worse than assistive ones. A correlation was found between the scores of social and assistive functions. The respondents claimed that older adults were not prepared to interact with the robot and not very good at handling it, and were sceptical about their willingness to learn to operate the robot. The Cronbach alpha value for the whole questionnaire was 0.95 suggesting excellent internal consistency, and the ICC value of 0.88 represents excellent agreement; (4) Conclusions: We observed a good overall acceptance of the robot across the studied group. There is considerable demand for the use of a social robot in care for older people.
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Chita-Tegmark, Meia, Janet M. Ackerman, and Matthias Scheutz. "Effects of Assistive Robot Behavior on Impressions of Patient Psychological Attributes: Vignette-Based Human-Robot Interaction Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 21, no. 6 (2019): e13729. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/13729.
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Background As robots are increasingly designed for health management applications, it is critical to not only consider the effects robots will have on patients but also consider a patient’s wider social network, including the patient’s caregivers and health care providers, among others. Objective In this paper we investigated how people evaluate robots that provide care and how they form impressions of the patient the robot cares for, based on how the robot represents the patient. Methods We have used a vignette-based study, showing participants hypothetical scenarios describing behaviors of assistive robots (patient-centered or task-centered) and measured their influence on people’s evaluations of the robot itself (emotional intelligence [EI], trustworthiness, and acceptability) as well as people’s perceptions of the patient for whom the robot provides care. Results We found that for scenarios describing a robot that acts in a patient-centered manner, the robot will not only be perceived as having higher EI (P=.003) but will also cause people to form more positive impressions of the patient that the robot cares for (P<.001). We replicated and expanded these results to other domains such as dieting, learning, and job training. Conclusions These results imply that robots could be used to enhance human-human relationships in the health care context and beyond.
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Santhanaraj, Karthik Kumar, Ramya M.M., and Dinakaran D. "A survey of assistive robots and systems for elderly care." Journal of Enabling Technologies 15, no. 1 (2021): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jet-10-2020-0043.
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Purpose The rousing phenomenon of the ageing population is becoming a vital issue and demanding fulminant actions. Population ageing is a resultant of the enhanced health-care system, groovy antibiotics, medications and economic well-being. Old age leads to copious amounts of ailments. Aged people, owing to their reduced mobility and enervating disabilities, tend to rely upon caretakers and/or nursing personnel. With the increasing vogue of nuclear families in the society, the elderly are at the risk of being unveiled to emotional, physical and fiscal insecurities in the years to come. Caring for those seniors will be an enormous undertaking. Design/methodology/approach There is a dire need for an intelligent assistive system to meet out the requirements of continuous holistic care and monitoring. Assistive robots and systems used for elderly care are studied. The design motivation for the robots, elderly–robot interaction capabilities and technology incorporated in the systems are examined meticulously. Findings From the survey, it is suggested that the subsystems of an assistive robot revamped for better human–machine interactions will be a potential alternative to the human counterpart. Affirmable advancements in the robot design and interaction methodologies that would increase the holistic care and assistance for aged people are analyzed and listed. Originality/value This paper reviews the available assistive technologies and suggests a synergistic model that can be adopted for the caring of the elderly.
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Kadylak, Travis, Megan A. Bayles, and Wendy A. Rogers. "Are Friendly Robots Trusted More? An Analysis of Robot Sociability and Trust." Robotics 12, no. 6 (2023): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics12060162.
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Older individuals prefer to maintain their autonomy while maintaining social connection and engagement with their family, peers, and community. Though individuals can encounter barriers to these goals, socially assistive robots (SARs) hold the potential for promoting aging in place and independence. Such domestic robots must be trusted, easy to use, and capable of behaving within the scope of accepted social norms for successful adoption to scale. We investigated perceived associations between robot sociability and trust in domestic robot support for instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). In our multi-study approach, we collected responses from adults aged 65 years and older using two separate online surveys (Study 1, N = 51; Study 2, N = 43). We assessed the relationship between perceived robot sociability and robot trust. Our results consistently demonstrated a strong positive relationship between perceived robot sociability and robot trust for IADL tasks. These data have design implications for promoting robot trust and acceptance of SARs for use in the home by older adults.
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Sanchez-Torres, Carlos E., Ernesto A. Lozano, Irvin H. López-Nava, J. Antonio Garcia-Macias, and Jesus Favela. "A Socially Assistive Robot as Orchestrator of an AAL Environment for Seniors." Technologies 13, no. 6 (2025): 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies13060260.
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Social robots in Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) environments offer a promising alternative for enhancing senior care by providing companionship and functional support. These robots can serve as intuitive interfaces to complex smart home systems, allowing seniors and caregivers to easily control their environment and access various assistance services through natural interactions. By combining the emotional engagement capabilities of social robots with the comprehensive monitoring and support features of AAL, this integrated approach can potentially improve the quality of life and independence of elderly individuals while alleviating the burden on human caregivers. This paper explores the integration of social robotics with ambient assisted living (AAL) technologies to enhance elderly care. We propose a novel framework where a social robot is the central orchestrator of an AAL environment, coordinating various smart devices and systems to provide comprehensive support for seniors. Our approach leverages the social robot’s ability to engage in natural interactions while managing the complex network of environmental and wearable sensors and actuators. In this paper, we focus on the technical aspects of our framework. A computational P2P notebook is used to customize the environment and run reactive services. Machine learning models can be included for real-time recognition of gestures, poses, and moods to support non-verbal communication. We describe scenarios to illustrate the utility and functionality of the framework and how the robot is used to orchestrate the AAL environment to contribute to the well-being and independence of elderly individuals. We also address the technical challenges and future directions for this integrated approach to elderly care.
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Čaić, Martina, Gaby Odekerken-Schröder, and Dominik Mahr. "Service robots: value co-creation and co-destruction in elderly care networks." Journal of Service Management 29, no. 2 (2018): 178–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/josm-07-2017-0179.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential roles for service robots (i.e. socially assistive robots) in value networks of elderly care. Taking an elderly person’s perspective, it defines robot roles according to their value co-creating/destroying potential for the elderly user (i.e. focal actor), while acknowledging consequences for a network of users around the elderly (i.e. network actors). Design/methodology/approach This qualitative, interpretative study employs in-depth phenomenographic interviews, supported by generative cards activities (i.e. Contextual Value Network Mapping), to elicit an elderly person’s tacit knowledge and anticipate the effects of introducing an automated actor on institutionalized value co-creation practices. Findings The proposed typology identifies six roles of socially assistive robots in an elderly person’s value network (enabler, intruder, ally, replacement, extended self, and deactivator) and links them to three health-supporting functions by robots: safeguarding, social contact, and cognitive support. Research limitations/implications Elderly people have notable expectations about the inclusion of a socially assistive robot as a new actor in their value networks. The identified robot roles inform service scholars and managers about both the value co-destruction potential that needs to be avoided through careful designs and the value co-creation potential that should be leveraged. Originality/value Using network-conscious phenomenographic interviews before the introduction of a novel value proposition sheds new light on the shifting value co-creation interplay among value network actors (i.e. elderly people, formal and informal caregivers). The value co-creation/destruction potential of socially assistive robots and their corresponding roles in care-based value networks offer insights for the design of meaningful robotic technology and its introduction into the existing service networks.
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Rincon Arango, Jaime Andres, Cedric Marco-Detchart, and Vicente Javier Julian Inglada. "Personalized Cognitive Support via Social Robots." Sensors 25, no. 3 (2025): 888. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25030888.
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This paper explores the use of personalized cognitive support through social robots to assist the elderly in maintaining cognitive health and emotional well-being. As aging populations grow, the demand for innovative solutions to address issues like loneliness, cognitive decline, and physical limitations increases. The studied social robots utilize machine learning and advanced sensor technology to deliver real-time adaptive interactions, including cognitive exercises, daily task assistance, and emotional support. Through responsive and personalized features, the robot enhances user autonomy and improves quality of life by monitoring physical and emotional states and adapting to the needs of each user. This study also examines the challenges of implementing assistive robots in home and healthcare settings, offering insights into the evolving role of AI-powered social robots in eldercare.
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Ejdys, Joanna, and Aleksandra Gulc. "Factors influencing the intention to use assistive technologies by older adults." Human Technology 18, no. 1 (2022): 6–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/1795-6889.2022.18-1.2.
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Society is ageing at an unprecedented pace worldwide creating implications for the health and social care. Gerontechnology has been recognized as a solution that increases and supports the independency and well-being of older adults at home. This article aims to identify the most critical success factors effecting the adoption of an assistive gerontechnology by older adults in Poland. The object of the authors' interest was Rudy robot, an AI-enabled mobile solution helping users remain physically healthy, mentally sharp, and socially connected. The data was collected among Polish citizens using the CATI technique between November and December 2020. The number of returned questionnaires amounted to 824. The authors used Generalized Least Squares (GLS) of Structural Equation Modelling (GLS-SEM) to verify the hypotheses. The obtained results confirmed statistically significant relationships between the variables of perceived usefulness of Rudy robot and attitude reflecting the willingness to use this technology, as well as between perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of robot. However, relationship between perceived ease of use and inclination to use this technology in the future was not statistically significant. The conducted research confirmed that the functionality of the analysed Rudy robot for older-adult care positively influences their intension to use it in the future for their own needs or family members. The obtained results confirmed usefulness of robots as assistive technology helping older adults.
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Fridin, Marina. "Kindergarten social assistive robot: First meeting and ethical issues." Computers in Human Behavior 30 (January 2014): 262–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.09.005.
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Noritsugu, Toshiro. "Special Issue on Assistive Device Technologies." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 11, no. 4 (1999): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1999.p0237.
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Mechatronics is one of the most powerful technologies to overcome various industrial and social problems arising in the 21st century, for example, realization of the recycle manufacturing system, global consideration on the environment, development of human-oriented technology. The 3rd International Conference on Advanced Mechatronics (ICAM’98)-Innovative Mechatronics for the 21st Century hass been held in Okayama August 3-6, 1998, following the 1st and 2nd held in Tokyo in 1988 and 1993, sponsored by the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. The purpose of the conference is to promote the creation of new technologies and industries such as advanced robotics and human-oriented technology for the coming 21st century. Two plenary talks and 35 technical sessions including 11 specially organized sessions were opened. In technical sessions, a total of 149 papers was presented, of which 61 papers were in organized sessions and 88 papers in general sessions. Some 47 papers came from 17 countries abroad and 102 papers from Japan. A number of registered participants excluding invited guests was 40 from other countries and 163 from Japan. After the technical program, the Advanced Robotics and Mechatronics symposium was held for tutorial reviews of future robotics and mechatronics, mainly focusing on ""human collaboration"" technology. More than 100 persons attended the symposium. Organized sessions included Analysis and Control of Robot Manipulators, Modeling and Control of Nonholonomic Underactuated Systems, Human Perspective Characteristics and Virtual Reality, Robotic Hand Design Grasping and Dexterous Manipulation, Healthcare Robotics, Advanced Fluid Power Control Technology, Advanced Robot Kinematics, Human Directed Robotics, Computer Support for Mechatronics System Design, Robotic Control, and Motion Control of Special Motors. Robotics was a main subject, but fluid power technology, fundamental motion control technology, and so on were also discussed. “Human collaboration” technology dealing with interaction between humans and robots attracted great attention from many participants. General sessions included Manufacturing, Vision, Micro Machine, Electric Actuator, Human-Robot Interface, Processing Technology, Fluid Actuator, Legged Locomotion, Control Strategy, Soft-Computing, Vehicle, Automation for Agriculture, Robot Force Control, Vibration, and Robot Application. Many studies have been presented over comprehensive subjects. This special issue has been organized by editing the papers presented at ICAM’98 for widely distributing the significant results of the conference. I would like to thank the authors in this special issue who have contributed their updated papers. Also, I would like to thank to Prof. Makoto Kaneko (Hiroshima University), whose work has been indispensable in organizing this special issue.
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Liang, Nan, and Goldie Nejat. "A Meta-Analysis on Remote HRI and In-Person HRI: What Is a Socially Assistive Robot to Do?" Sensors 22, no. 19 (2022): 7155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197155.
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Recently, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the related social distancing measures, in-person activities have been significantly reduced to limit the spread of the virus, especially in healthcare settings. This has led to loneliness and social isolation for our most vulnerable populations. Socially assistive robots can play a crucial role in minimizing these negative affects. Namely, socially assistive robots can provide assistance with activities of daily living, and through cognitive and physical stimulation. The ongoing pandemic has also accelerated the exploration of remote presence ranging from workplaces to home and healthcare environments. Human–robot interaction (HRI) researchers have also explored the use of remote HRI to provide cognitive assistance in healthcare settings. Existing in-person and remote comparison studies have investigated the feasibility of these types of HRI on individual scenarios and tasks. However, no consensus on the specific differences between in-person HRI and remote HRI has been determined. Furthermore, to date, the exact outcomes for in-person HRI versus remote HRI both with a physical socially assistive robot have not been extensively compared and their influence on physical embodiment in remote conditions has not been addressed. In this paper, we investigate and compare in-person HRI versus remote HRI for robots that assist people with activities of daily living and cognitive interventions. We present the first comprehensive investigation and meta-analysis of these two types of robotic presence to determine how they influence HRI outcomes and impact user tasks. In particular, we address research questions regarding experience, perceptions and attitudes, and the efficacy of both humanoid and non-humanoid socially assistive robots with different populations and interaction modes. The use of remote HRI to provide assistance with daily activities and interventions is a promising emerging field for healthcare applications.
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Stoian, Viorel, Mircea Nitulescu, and Cristina Pana. "Intelligent Live Environment Design with Assistive Robots for Vulnerable Persons." Solid State Phenomena 147-149 (January 2009): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.147-149.86.
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We present in this paper several ideas about the usability of the robotic arms and mobile robots as an assistive technology in a smart house where people with disabilities daily live. First, psychological and social aspects of smart home technology are presented and after that the modularity and standardization processes are discussed. Next we propose a smart house plan, equipped with a mobile robot which has a manipulator arm. This robotic system is used to help vulnerable persons, the handicapped men vehicle seat being equipped with a robotic arm which can manipulate objects by a hyper-redundant gripper. For the control of the processes in the smart house, we propose a hierarchical control system and for the mobile robot we use the artificial potential field method. Also, this paper points out the edutainment concept (EDUcation and enterTAINMENT) by robotics. Finally, some applications are presented.
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Kabacińska, Katarzyna, Katelyn A. Teng, and Julie M. Robillard. "Social Robot Interactions in a Pediatric Hospital Setting: Perspectives of Children, Parents, and Healthcare Providers." Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 9, no. 2 (2025): 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/mti9020014.
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Socially assistive robots are embodied technological artifacts that can interact socially with people. These devices are increasingly investigated as a means of mental health support in different populations, especially for alleviating loneliness, depression, and anxiety. While the number of available, increasingly sophisticated social robots is growing, their adoption is slower than anticipated. There is much effort to determine the effectiveness of social robots in various settings, including healthcare; however, little is known about the acceptability of these devices by the following distinct user groups: healthcare providers, parents, and children. To better understand the priorities and attitudes of social robot users, we carried out (1) a survey of parents and children who have previously been admitted to a hospital and (2) a series of three modified focus group meetings with healthcare providers. The online survey (n = 71) used closed and open-ended questions as well as validated measures to establish the attitudes of children and parents towards social human–robot interaction and identify any potential barriers to the implementation of a robot intervention in a hospital setting. In the focus group meetings with healthcare providers (n = 10), we identified novel potential applications and interaction modalities of social robots in a hospital setting. Several concerns and barriers to the implementation of social robots were discussed. Overall, all user groups have positive attitudes towards interactions with social robots, provided that their concerns regarding robot use are addressed during interaction development. Our results reveal novel social robot application areas in hospital settings, such as rapport-building between patients and healthcare providers and fostering patient involvement in their own care. Healthcare providers highlighted the value of being included and consulted throughout the process of child–robot interaction development to ensure the acceptability of social robots in this setting and minimize potential harm.
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Łukasik, Sylwia, Sławomir Tobis, Julia Suwalska, et al. "The Role of Socially Assistive Robots in the Care of Older People: To Assist in Cognitive Training, to Remind or to Accompany?" Sustainability 13, no. 18 (2021): 10394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810394.
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The rapid development of new technologies has caused interest in the use of socially assistive robots in the care of older people. These devices can be used not only to monitor states of health and assist in everyday activities but also to counteract the deterioration of cognitive functioning. The aim of the study was to investigate the attitudes and preferences of Polish respondents towards interventions aimed at the preservation/improvement of cognitive functions delivered by a socially assistive robot. A total of 166 individuals entered the study. Respondents completed the User’s Needs, Requirements and Attitudes Questionnaire; items connected to cognitive and physical activity and social interventions were analyzed. Perceptions and attitudes were compared by gender and age groups (older adults ≥ 60 years old and younger adults 20–59). Women showed a more positive attitude towards robots than men and had a significantly higher perception of the role of the robots in reminding about medications (p = 0.033) as well as meal times and drinks (p = 0.018). There were no significant differences between age groups. Respondents highly valued both the traditional role of the robot—a reminding function—as well as the cognitive interventions and guided physical exercises provided by it. Our findings point to the acceptance of the use of socially assistive robots in the prevention of cognitive deterioration in older people.
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Polyxeni Ntaountaki, Georgia Lorentzou, Andriana Lykothanasi, Panagiota Anagnostopoulou, Vasiliki Alexandropoulou, and Agathi Stathopoulou. "Robotics for Autistic Children." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 9, no. 2 (2023): 548–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2023.9.2.0556.
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A range of chronic difficulties known as autism spectrum disorders interfere with social interactions and communication. The state of the art shows how robots in particular can provide potential methods to advance ASD research and treatment. This review aims to investigate how robot-assisted therapy techniques support children with autism in increasing social contact and in imitating, recognizing, and expressing their feelings. If robots appear to be useful tools for assistive therapies was one of the paper's main questions. The study team behind this publication came to the conclusion that robots are extremely effective in the intervention process and provide ASD youngsters with a predictable and secure setting. In addition to the aforementioned, this project also discusses ethical concerns that therapists and researchers should keep in mind while human-robot interaction is taking place.
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Abdi, Jordan, Ahmed Al-Hindawi, Tiffany Ng, and Marcela P. Vizcaychipi. "Scoping review on the use of socially assistive robot technology in elderly care." BMJ Open 8, no. 2 (2018): e018815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018815.
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ObjectiveWith an elderly population that is set to more than double by 2050 worldwide, there will be an increased demand for elderly care. This poses several impediments in the delivery of high-quality health and social care. Socially assistive robot (SAR) technology could assume new roles in health and social care to meet this higher demand. This review qualitatively examines the literature on the use of SAR in elderly care and aims to establish the roles this technology may play in the future.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesSearch of CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE, PsychINFO and Scopus databases was conducted, complemented with a free search using Google Scholar and reference harvesting. All publications went through a selection process, which involved sequentially reviewing the title, abstract and full text of the publication. No limitations regarding date of publication were imposed, and only English publications were taken into account. The main search was conducted in March 2016, and the latest search was conducted in September 2017.Eligibility criteriaThe inclusion criteria consist of elderly participants, any elderly healthcare facility, humanoid and pet robots and all social interaction types with the robot. Exclusions were acceptability studies, technical reports of robots and publications surrounding physically or surgically assistive robots.ResultsIn total, 61 final publications were included in the review, describing 33 studies and including 1574 participants and 11 robots. 28 of the 33 papers report positive findings. Five roles of SAR were identified: affective therapy, cognitive training, social facilitator, companionship and physiological therapy.ConclusionsAlthough many positive outcomes were reported, a large proportion of the studies have methodological issues, which limit the utility of the results. Nonetheless, the reported value of SAR in elderly care does warrant further investigation. Future studies should endeavour to validate the roles demonstrated in this review.Systematic review registrationNIHR 58672.
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Jung, Yugyeong, Gyuwon Jung, Sooyeon Jeong, et al. ""Enjoy, but Moderately!": Designing a Social Companion Robot for Social Engagement and Behavior Moderation in Solitary Drinking Context." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 7, CSCW2 (2023): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3610028.
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Socially assistive robots can support people in making behavior changes by socially engaging in or moderating certain behaviors, such as physical exercise and snacking. However, there has not been much work on designing social robots that aim to support both social engagement and behavior moderation, i.e., offering social interactions for engaging in behaviors without over-engagement. This work explores how social robots can moderate alcohol consumption while socially engaging them in a solitary drinking context. As alcohol consumption can have benefits when done in moderation, this companion robot aims to guide the user toward moderate drinking by using social engagement (i.e., creating an enjoyable atmosphere) and drinking moderation (i.e., regulating the drinking pace). Our preliminary user study (n=20) reveals that the robot is perceived as a friendly companion, and its human-likeness is partly attributed to the robot's intervention. Most participants followed the robot's guidance and perceived it as an intelligent friend due to its social interactions and behavior tracking features. We discuss the benefit of physical interactions for social engagement, utilizing interaction rituals for enjoyable but moderate commensality, and ethical considerations in solitary drinking contexts.
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Katsanis, Ilias A., Vassilis C. Moulianitis, and Diamantis T. Panagiotarakos. "Design, Development, and a Pilot Study of a Low-Cost Robot for Child–Robot Interaction in Autism Interventions." Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 6, no. 6 (2022): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti6060043.
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Socially assistive robots are widely deployed in interventions with children on the autism spectrum, exploiting the benefits of this technology in social behavior intervention plans, while reducing their autistic behavior. Furthermore, innovations in modern technologies such as machine learning enhance these robots with great capabilities. Since the results of this implementation are promising, their total cost makes them unaffordable for some organizations while the needs are growing progressively. In this paper, a low-cost robot for autism interventions is proposed, benefiting from the advantages of machine learning and low-cost hardware. The mechanical design of the robot and the development of machine learning models are presented. The robot was evaluated by a small group of educators for children with ASD. The results of various model implementations, together with the design evaluation of the robot, are encouraging and indicate that this technology would be advantageous for deployment in child–robot interaction scenarios.
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Filiou, Areti-Eirini. "Robotics and cbt and entertainment in the enhancement of children with asd, mental disorders, dysfunctional emotions and irrational beliefs." SHS Web of Conferences 139 (2022): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202213905003.
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Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently present symptoms of various mental disorders along with the features that define ASD. Problems with anxiety, depression, emotion regulation, cognitive problems, such as deficits in theory of mind, and associated behavioral problems, occur in children with autism of all ages [5]. In recent years, the application of robots in therapeutic interventions for children with neurodevelopment disorders and more specifically in children with ASD, has aroused the interest of the robotic community and experts in the field of autism [3]. Socially Assistive Robots are promising in their potential to promote and support mental health in children with ASD. There is a growing number of studies investigating the feasibility and effectiveness of robot interventions in supporting children’s mental wellbeing, such as helping in anxiety, depression and socio-emotional problems [3, 4]. Several authors have also suggested Cognitive and Behavior Therapy (CBT) as a very useful intervention therapy, which can apply in combination with a social assistive robot [5, 6, 8]. CBT has specific strategies that can be very supportive and particularly useful for individual’s problems. Many applications of this combination have shown substantial improvements in stress management, contextualized emotion recognition and theory of mind. With a coordinated effort, robot, cbt techniques and collaboration with mental health consultants, children with ASD can improve their social, emotional and behavioral competence [5].
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Casas, Jonathan A., Nathalia Céspedes, Carlos A. Cifuentes, Luisa F. Gutierrez, Mónica Rincón-Roncancio, and Marcela Múnera. "Expectation vs. Reality: Attitudes Towards a Socially Assistive Robot in Cardiac Rehabilitation." Applied Sciences 9, no. 21 (2019): 4651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9214651.
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Currently, Social Assistive Robotics (SAR) is widely explored in different areas and scenarios. In cardiac rehabilitation, SAR has been recently implemented as a tool to improve the quality of the procedures and support patients to boost their performance. As cardiac rehabilitation comprises numerous sessions, such systems must guarantee to be effective in the long term. Therefore, to achieve this goal, it is important to understand how users, namely patients and clinicians who mostly know the needs and the therapy environment, perceive this technology. In this context, this paper presents the assessment of the attitudes towards a social robot in order to evaluate the expectation of potential new users, and perception of users who interacted with the social robot during a period of 18 weeks performing cardiac rehabilitation. A total of 43 participants (28 patients and 15 clinicians) were included in the study, and acceptance and perception factors were evaluated through a modified UTAUT questionnaire model and open discussion sessions. Results show that 75% of patients have positive thoughts regarding the usefulness, utility, safety, and trust perceived of a social robot, and 80% of clinicians consider that the robot is a useful tool for cardiac rehabilitation. Similarly, a more positive perception was noticed after the users interacted with the robot. Furthermore, this perception study allows the enhancement of the social model of interaction in the future, aiming to provide a more natural interaction trough personalized features, increasing social abilities and engagement of the users during the therapy.
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Yunardi, Riky Tri, and Ronny Mardiyanto. "Perancangan Sistem Kendali pada Lengan Assistive Social Robot menggunakan Kamera." JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO 6, no. 2 (2017): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jnte.v6n2.402.2017.
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Shao, Mingyang, Michael Pham-Hung, Silas Franco Dos Reis Alves, et al. "Long-Term Exercise Assistance: Group and One-on-One Interactions between a Social Robot and Seniors." Robotics 12, no. 1 (2023): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics12010009.
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For older adults, regular exercises can provide both physical and mental benefits, increase their independence, and reduce the risks of diseases associated with aging. However, only a small portion of older adults regularly engage in physical activity. Therefore, it is important to promote exercise among older adults to help maintain overall health. In this paper, we present the first exploratory long-term human–robot interaction (HRI) study conducted at a local long-term care facility to investigate the benefits of one-on-one and group exercise interactions with an autonomous socially assistive robot and older adults. To provide targeted facilitation, our robot utilizes a unique emotion model that can adapt its assistive behaviors to users’ affect and track their progress towards exercise goals through repeated sessions using the Goal Attainment Scale (GAS), while also monitoring heart rate to prevent overexertion. Results of the study show that users had positive valence and high engagement towards the robot and were able to maintain their exercise performance throughout the study. Questionnaire results showed high robot acceptance for both types of interactions. However, users in the one-on-one sessions perceived the robot as more sociable and intelligent, and had more positive perception of the robot’s appearance and movements.
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Romero-Garcés, Adrián, Juan Pedro Bandera, Rebeca Marfil, Martín González-García, and Antonio Bandera. "CLARA: Building a Socially Assistive Robot to Interact with Elderly People." Designs 6, no. 6 (2022): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs6060125.
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Although the global population is aging, the proportion of potential caregivers is not keeping pace. It is necessary for society to adapt to this demographic change, and new technologies are a powerful resource for achieving this. New tools and devices can help to ease independent living and alleviate the workload of caregivers. Among them, socially assistive robots (SARs), which assist people with social interactions, are an interesting tool for caregivers thanks to their proactivity, autonomy, interaction capabilities, and adaptability. This article describes the different design and implementation phases of a SAR, the CLARA robot, both from a physical and software point of view, from 2016 to 2022. During this period, the design methodology evolved from traditional approaches based on technical feasibility to user-centered co-creative processes. The cognitive architecture of the robot, CORTEX, keeps its core idea of using an inner representation of the world to enable inter-procedural dialogue between perceptual, reactive, and deliberative modules. However, CORTEX also evolved by incorporating components that use non-functional properties to maximize efficiency through adaptability. The robot has been employed in several projects for different uses in hospitals and retirement homes. This paper describes the main outcomes of the functional and user experience evaluations of these experiments.
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Cano, Sandra, Carina S. González, Rosa María Gil-Iranzo, and Sergio Albiol-Pérez. "Affective Communication for Socially Assistive Robots (SARs) for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review." Sensors 21, no. 15 (2021): 5166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155166.
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Research on affective communication for socially assistive robots has been conducted to enable physical robots to perceive, express, and respond emotionally. However, the use of affective computing in social robots has been limited, especially when social robots are designed for children, and especially those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Social robots are based on cognitive-affective models, which allow them to communicate with people following social behaviors and rules. However, interactions between a child and a robot may change or be different compared to those with an adult or when the child has an emotional deficit. In this study, we systematically reviewed studies related to computational models of emotions for children with ASD. We used the Scopus, WoS, Springer, and IEEE-Xplore databases to answer different research questions related to the definition, interaction, and design of computational models supported by theoretical psychology approaches from 1997 to 2021. Our review found 46 articles; not all the studies considered children or those with ASD.