Academic literature on the topic 'Social behavior test'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Social behavior test.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Social behavior test"
1
Alfonso, Vincent C., Emily Rentz, Kristin Orlovsky, and Erica Ramos. "Test Review: School Social Behavior Scales, Second Edition." Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 25, no. 1 (2007): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734282906291793.
Full text
2
Jasmina, Troshanska, Ramadani Rasimi Teuta, and Memedi Buniamin. "Behavior in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders." Beder Journal of Educational Sciences Volume 26(1), Special Issue (2023): 132–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8159144.
Full textAbstract:
<strong>Abstract</strong> <strong>Introduction: </strong>Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that affects behavior. People with autism also face difficulties in social and emotional reciprocity and a reduced interest in sharing emotions or feelings. They often fail to respond to social interactions. A child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may have challenging behaviors that educators, parents, and siblings find difficult. The aim of this article is to present results of the research using Motivation Assessment Scale (MAS) for detecting motivation of the behavior of children with autism in primary school. <strong>Methodology</strong>: A total number of 35 participants were took part in this research, where 31 participants were children with autism and 4 of the participants were special educators. The research methods used for the study were descriptive and as instrument a questionnaire (MAS-test) was used to detect those situations in which an individual is likely to behave in certain ways, by selecting a behavior that is of particular interest. <strong>Results</strong>: Our results showed that our respondents have the following behaviors more often: screaming loud, clapping their hands, tendency to hide their head, constantly shaking their head, hitting (face, head, body), dragging, spiting at the educator, parent, adults, singing and vocal stereotypes, talking to themself, crying, desire to go home and scratching. Some of the results show that children’s screaming is motivated by the need of attention, while continuous behavior with hand clapping is motivated by sensory reasons, and avoidance usually is presented by hitting behavior (face, head, body). <strong>Conclusion</strong>: According to our results we can conclude that challenging behavior is very often in children with autism that visit schools, mainstream or special. To prevent these behaviors, it is necessary to know the motive. Therefore, teachers and professionals need to have knowledge of applying simple tests to detect the behavior of children with autism to prevent it. Children with autism have their own strengths that can only arise when the challenging behavior is removed. These strengths are needed and should be used to successfully pass the educational process and be able to integrate into society.
3
Baharuddin, Gunawan, Nurul Hilmiyah, Aulia Keiko Hubbansyah, and Muhammad Hakimi Syafiai. "The Rise of Social Behavior in Social Media Marketing During Pandemic." European Journal of Studies in Management and Business 30 (May 2024): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32038/mbrq.2024.30.03.
Full textAbstract:
The adoption of technology has changed rapidly during the global pandemic Covid-19 especially in the sector of trading. Previous studies found that businesses that are used to utilizing technology in their operational activities tend to be more able to survive during the pandemic, including small and medium businesses. The research aims to investigate the social behavior through social media platforms and how this behavior increases during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The study adopts consumer decision-making (CDM) model as a framework with a slight modification in the phase of post-purchase behavior. Data collected thru online questionnaires as many as 377 social media active users in Indonesia and analyzed using paired sample t-test. Paired sample t-test aims to perceive whether the analyzed paired sample experiences significant changes. The results revealed that during pandemic situations, social media as a medium for identifying, collecting information, evaluating, comparing and post-purchase expressions are increased. In addition, the data also shows an increase of consumers’ post-purchase behaviors that voluntarily promote their purchased goods and services during pandemic situations. This paper contributes on a different perspective of post purchase behavior where the main focus of this concept is not only to influence and change public behaviors but to invite the public to act as a social marketer in order to achieve broader social benefits. The article contains a different paradigm about social marketing which should be considered further and push social marketing behavior forward to gain broader benefits for the community.
4
Baharuddin, Gunawan, Nurul Hilmiyah, Aulia Keiko Hubbansyah, and Syafiai Muhammad Hakimi. "The Rise of Social Behavior in Social Media Marketing During Pandemic." European Journal of Studies in Management and Business 30 (May 3, 2024): 49–56. https://doi.org/10.32038/mbrq.2024.30.03.
Full textAbstract:
The adoption of technology has changed rapidly during the global pandemic Covid-19 especially in the sector of trading. Previous studies found that businesses that are used to utilizing technology in their operational activities tend to be more able to survive during the pandemic, including small and medium businesses. The research aims to investigate the social behavior through social media platforms and how this behavior increases during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The study adopts consumer decision-making (CDM) model as a framework with a slight modification in the phase of post-purchase behavior. Data collected thru online questionnaires as many as 377 social media active users in Indonesia and analyzed using paired sample t-test. Paired sample t-test aims to perceive whether the analyzed paired sample experiences significant changes. The results revealed that during pandemic situations, social media as a medium for identifying, collecting information, evaluating, comparing and post-purchase expressions are increased. In addition, the data also shows an increase of consumers’ post-purchase behaviors that voluntarily promote their purchased goods and services during pandemic situations. This paper contributes on a different perspective of post purchase behavior where the main focus of this concept is not only to influence and change public behaviors but to invite the public to act as a social marketer in order to achieve broader social benefits. The article contains a different paradigm about social marketing which should be considered further and push social marketing behavior forward to gain broader benefits for the community.
5
K. Govender, Krishna. "Consumer Choice Behavior during a Social Disruption." Problems and Perspectives in Management 15, no. 3 (2017): 411–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(3-2).2017.09.
Full textAbstract:
This paper explores the relationship between an external socio-disruptive factor and consumer product and brand decision-making behavior. The social disruption was physical relocation, which resulted in a radical change in the toilet system, which had implications for toilet cleaning product and brands used. By using a sample calculator, a probability sample of 384 households from Cosmo City, South Africa were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. The data from 332 respondents (86% response rate) were analyzed using various inferential statistical analysis techniques to test three hypotheses. Multiple regression path coefficients demonstrated positive and significant changes&amp;nbsp;β=1.709,&amp;nbsp; p&amp;lt;.0005 in the desired brand benefits following the social disruption, and that there were no significant differences&amp;nbsp;β=-0.601,&amp;nbsp; p&amp;lt;.027 between households that switched brands and those that did not. The findings underscore the importance of recognizing that consumers re-evaluate their brand choices, leading to significant brand switching in cases where the social change has a radical effect on brand usage. The results also indicate that ‘out-of-market’ changes such as a radical social change have the same impact on consumer brand behavior and brand choice, as “in-market” disruptions such as the introduction of an innovative brand. The findings have strategy implications for marketers of toilet cleaning products in particular and consumer goods in general.
6
Tone, Erin B., Eddy Nahmias, Roger Bakeman, et al. "Social Anxiety and Social Behavior: A Test of Predictions From an Evolutionary Model." Clinical Psychological Science 7, no. 1 (2018): 110–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702618794923.
Full textAbstract:
An influential evolutionary model proposed that social anxiety biases people to treat social interactions as competitive struggles with the primary goal of avoiding status loss. Among subordinate nonhuman primates in highly hierarchical social groups, this goal leads to adaptive submissive behavior; for humans, however, affiliative responses may be more effective. We tested three predictions about social anxiety and social cognitions, emotions, and behavior that Trower and Gilbert advanced. College students ( N = 122) whose self-reported social anxiety ranged from minimal to extremely high played the Prisoner’s Dilemma game three times. Consistent with two model-based predictions, social anxiety was positively associated with self-reported competitive goals and with nervousness during game play. Unexpectedly, however, social anxiety was associated with a tendency to engage with coplayers in an ostensibly hostile, rather than appeasing, manner. We discuss implications of these findings for updated models of socially anxious behavior.
7
Anunciado-Koza, Rea P., J. Patrizia Stohn, Arturo Hernandez, and Robert A. Koza. "Social and maternal behavior in mesoderm specific transcript (Mest)-deficient mice." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (2022): e0271913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271913.
Full textAbstract:
Mesoderm specific transcript (Mest)/paternally expressed gene-1 (Peg1) is an imprinted gene expressed predominantly from the paternal allele. Aberrations in maternal behavior were previously reported in a Mest global knockout mouse (Mesttm1Masu). In this study, we performed in-depth social and maternal behavioral testing in a mouse model of Mest inactivation developed in our laboratory (Mesttm1.2Rkz). Mice with paternal allele inactivation (MestpKO) did not show anxiety after testing in the elevated plus maze, open field trial, and marble burying; nor depression-like behaviors in the tail suspension test. MestpKO showed normal social behaviors and memory/cognition in the three-chamber box test and the novel object recognition test, respectively. Primiparous MestpKO and MestgKO (biallelic Mest inactivation) female mice exhibited normal nest building and maternal behavior; and, virgin MestpKO and MestgKO female mice showed normal maternal instinct. Analyses of gene expression in adult hypothalamus, embryonic day 14.5 whole brain and adult whole brain demonstrated full abrogation of Mest mRNA in MestpKO and MestgKO mice with no effect on miR-335 expression. Our data indicates no discernible impairments in object recognition memory, social behavior or maternal behavior resulting from loss of Mest. The basis for the differences in maternal phenotypic behaviors between Mesttm1Masu and Mesttm1.2Rkz is not known.
8
Zhang, Chun-Qing, Rongyu Fang, Ru Zhang, Martin S. Hagger, and Kyra Hamilton. "Predicting Hand Washing and Sleep Hygiene Behaviors among College Students: Test of an Integrated Social-Cognition Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (2020): 1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041209.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: Hand washing and sleep hygiene are two important health behaviors. The purpose of the current study was to identify the motivational and volitional antecedents of college students’ hand washing and sleep hygiene behaviors based on an integrated model of behavior that combined social-cognition constructs from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Health Action Process Approach (HAPA). Methods: Using a prospective design, college students (N = 1106) completed a survey assessing the motivational constructs of action self-efficacy, attitudes, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, intentions, and behaviors of hand washing and sleep hygiene at Time 1. Demographic variables were also collected. One month later, at Time 2, college students (N = 524) self-reported on their volitional factors of maintenance self-efficacy, action planning, coping planning, and behaviors of hand washing and sleep hygiene. A further 2 months later, at Time 3, college students (N = 297) were asked to self-report on their hand washing and sleep hygiene behaviors over the past month. Findings: Data were analyzed using variance-based structural equation modelling. Results showed significant direct effects of attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control on intentions; significant direct effects of action self-efficacy on maintenance self-efficacy; and significant direct effects of maintenance self-efficacy on action planning and coping planning. Significant direct effects of intention on action planning (sleep hygiene only), and significant direct effects of intention, maintenance self-efficacy (hand washing only), action and coping planning on behavior were also observed. Action planning also moderated the intention–behavior relationship, but only for hand washing. There were also significant total indirect effects of action self-efficacy on behavior mediated by maintenance self-efficacy, action planning, and coping planning for both behaviors, and significant total indirect effects of subjective norm and perceived behavioral control on behavior mediated by intention for sleep hygiene. When past behavior was included in the integrated model predicting all the psychological variables and behavior, all of the structural relations were attenuated. Discussion: Current findings indicate that college students’ hand washing and sleep hygiene behaviors are a function of both motivational and volitional factors. Findings also indicate that the TPB and HAPA pathways might differ for the two health behaviors. Implications of the current findings for future health interventions aimed at improving college students’ hand washing and sleep hygiene are discussed.
9
Al-Simadi, Fayez A. "DETECTION OF DECEPTIVE BEHAVIOR: A CROSS-CULTURAL TEST." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 28, no. 5 (2000): 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2000.28.5.455.
Full textAbstract:
This article reports a cross-cultural test for the detection of deception from behavior. Jordanians and Malaysians were videotaped while lying and telling the truth, and Jordanians and Malaysians judged the resulting tapes for deception. The experiment was conducted at Yarmouk University; the subjects were 40 Jordanian students and 32 Malaysian students. Results show that lies can be detected across cultures from an audiovisual presentation. Ancillary results reveal cross- cultural consensus in judgments of deception from both auditory and visual cues. Discrimination between lies and the truth was clear – and was more accurate for targets who tried to convey, rather than conceal, it.
10
Lutfia Fausta and Alfi Purnamasari. "Cognitive Behavior Therapy pada Individu yang Mengalami Phobia Sosial." Psyche 165 Journal 16, no. 1 (2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35134/jpsy165.v16i1.210.
Full textAbstract:
Social phobia is something that happens a lot today and needs special attention. In overcoming social phobia, it can be done with Cognitive Behavior Therapy therapy. The purpose of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) therapy is to see how the Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) method can help change the behavior and cognition of individuals who experience social phobia. This research was conducted for approximately 1 month. The subjects in this study were adult individuals aged 23 years who experienced social phobia. The method of collecting data by researchers is through observation, interviews, and psychological tests. Psychological tests were given to the subjects in the form of cognitive tests, namely the Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), personality tests, namely the Graphic and Wartegg tests, as well as the Sack's Sentence Comletion Test (SSCT) inventory test and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS) tests. This study uses a quantitative approach with an experimental method using a single case pre-test post-test design. Researchers use Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) techniques to change negative thoughts and behaviors into more positive thoughts and behaviors when in social situations, in order to reduce the symptoms of social phobia they have. The intervention was given to the subject in 3 sessions. The results of the intervention showed that there was a change in behavior before and after the intervention. Before being given the CBT intervention, the subject had an anxiety level from 0 to 100, which was rated at 80, but after the intervention the subject had a rating of 60. In addition, based on the comparison of the DASS test scores between pre-test and post-test, it also decreased. It was found that the anxiety score in the subject decreased from very severe to severe and although the decrease in score had not reached the normal stage, the score obtained had decreased.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Social behavior test"
1
Haigh, Elizabeth Teresa. "Test of Social Norms Theory on Psychological Help-Seeking Attitudes and Behavior." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1465053237.
Full text
2
Bouchard, Julie. "Is social learning correlated with innovation in birds? an inter- and an intraspecific test." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29425.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis focuses on the relationship between innovation and social learning in the foraging context, across and within bird species, using two different sources of data: anecdotal reports from the literature, and experimental tests in the laboratory and the field. In chapter 1, I review the trends in innovation and social learning in the avian literature, and contrast them with trends in mammals, especially primates. In chapter 2, I use anecdotal reports of feeding innovation and social learning in the literature to assess taxonomic trends and to study the relationship between the two traits at the interspecific level. In chapter 3, I investigate the relationship between innovation and social learning at the intraspecific level in captive feral pigeons (Columba livia). Innovation is estimated from the ability to solve an innovative foraging problem, and social learning is measured as the number of trials required to learn a foraging task from a proficient demonstrator. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
3
Allan, Wesley D. "Maternal overprotection and child social anxiety : test of a mediated model /." MU online access free, to others for fee, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3052141.
Full text
4
Sharif, Vicki. "Does Botox Buffer the Negative Effects of Social Rejection?: A Test of the Facial Feedback Hypothesis." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/25.
Full textAbstract:
Can a common facial cosmetic procedure buffer against the negative impact of adverse social interactions? This pilot tested the hypothesis that an injection of botulinum toxin (Botox) to the corrugator supercilii muscles used in anger, compared to a placebo injection to the same location, will reduce the impact of social rejection on mood, self-esteem, control, meaningful existence, and aggression. Freezing facial musculature was hypothesized to alter the first physical signal of negative emotional reactions, thereby reducing the impact of social rejection on distress and aggression. This was the first study using Botox to examine the effects of reduced facial feedback on felt emotions during social interactions. While the findings in this pilot were not statistically significant, a trend in the data suggests that the effect was in the opposite direction of the prediction such that participants in the Botox (vs. saline) condition experienced greater feelings of rejection. Further investigation is needed.
5
Thompson, Katerina V. "Social play in the South American punare (Thrichomys apereoides): a test of play function hypotheses." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45675.
Full textAbstract:
<p>The role of social play in juvenile behavioral
development was examined in the punare (<u>Thrichomys
apereoides</u>). Three proposed functions of social play were
evaluated: 1. play serves to develop agonistic skills, 2.
play has a role in the onset of weaning and 3. play
establishes dominance relationships among participants.</p>
<p>
Eight litters consisting of three juveniles and both
parents were observed from birth until eight weeks of age,
and the content, sequence and duration of parental and play
behaviors were recorded. Adult agonism was characterized in
paired encounters between. unfamiliar adults. Encounters
between unfamiliar juvenile dyads were conducted and
compared to litter mate play.</p>
<p>
Sex specific differences in social play were concordant
with observed differences in adult agonistic interactions.
Play bouts between male juveniles were more frequent, of
greater duration and incorporated more dominance
reinforcement behaviors than bouts between females. Mothers
tended to avoid playing with offspring, while paternal play
was frequent. Self-handicapping was observed during father-daughter play. Dominance relationships were evident during
play, with strong, stable hierarchies established among male
juveniles. Adult males dominated all offspring and juvenile
males dominated female littermates. Unfamiliar juvenile play bouts were shorter in duration and more frequently
resulted in avoidance than bouts among litter mates.</p>
<p>
These results suggest that punare social play functions
to develop agonistic skills while concurrently establishing
dominance relationships. The early establishment of
dominance relationships may serve as a non-injurous means of
precipitating male-biased post-weaning dispersal.<br>Master of Science
6
Bernard, Amy Lynn. "A test of the ability of the social cognitive theory to predict dietary behavior in working adults /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487856076416118.
Full text
7
Cooper, Karen L. "Executive functions and social skills in children and adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) a pilot test of Barkley's model of behavioral inhibition /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0006505.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Florida, 2004.<br>Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 49 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
8
Berman, Shawn. "Managerial opportunism and firm performance an empirical test of instrumental stakeholder theory /." Full text available online (restricted access), 1998. http://images.lib.monash.edu.au/ts/theses/Berman.pdf.
Full text
9
Le, Gal Beneroso Mikael. "Germinating good behaviors : A game prototype to test players' incentive of choice." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17834.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, we propose and develop a model for a prototype research tool based on a social dilemma game which use is widely spread in social psychology and experimental economics, the Public Goods Game. This tool generates from the necessity to expand the accessibility and versatility of this popular game as well as reach for newer audiences that might be otherwise deterred by the traditional Public Goods Game. Also, using this tool, we perform an experiment to try to find a possible preference towards either punishment or reward in the current population and find a possible correlation between said preference and three different cultural spheres (geographical, generational and gender).
10
Chow, Chi-kin, and 周志堅. "Perceived self, parental and situational factors in physical activity participatory behavior of Hong Kong children and youth: a test of Ajzen's theory of planned behavior." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29947431.
Full textBooks on the topic "Social behavior test"
1
E, Dumas Jean, ed. Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation: Preschool Edition [Test Kits]. Western Psychological Services, 1995.
Find full text
2
Straughan, Paulin Tay. Screening for early detection of cervical cancer: The relationship between social integration and preventive health behaviour. Dept. of Sociology, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 1992.
Find full text
3
H, Ebert Michael, Breinholt John P, Chaudhuri Rakhi, Marquez Dorothy J, and Pattishall Evan G. 1921-, eds. Behavioral sciences: Pre-Test self-assessment and review. 9th ed. McGraw-Hill, Medical Pub. Division, 2002.
Find full text
4
R, Schnell Eugene, ed. FIRO-B Technical Guide. Consulting Psychologists Press, 2000.
Find full text
5
Kamp, Leo J. Th. van der., ed. Statistical test theory for the behavioral sciences. CRC, 2008.
Find full text
6
Merrell, Kenneth W. Behavioral, social, and emotional assessment of children and adolescents. 2nd ed. L. Erlbaum Associates, 2003.
Find full text
8
A, Keats J., ed. Ordinal measurement in the behavioral sciences. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2003.
Find full text
9
Michel, Hersen, ed. Clinician's handbook of child behavioral assessment. Elsevier Academic Press, 2006.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Social behavior test"
1
Akers, Ronald L., Marvin D. Krohn, Lonn Lanza-Kaduce, and Marcia Radosevich. "Social Learning and Deviant Behavior: A Specific Test of a General Theory." In Contemporary Masters in Criminology. Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9829-6_12.
Full text
2
Lin, Shenwen, Hongliang Mao, Zhen Wu, and Jinglin Yang. "Research on Bitcoin Anti-anonymity Technology Based on Behavior Vectors Mapping and Aligning Model." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8285-9_10.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractTraditional anti-anonymity technologies for Bitcoin transactions include two types. One is network-layer anti-anonymity technology, which achieves the purpose of locating the initial IP of specific transaction information by speculating on the IP propagation path of transaction; the other is the anti-anonymity technology of the transaction layer. By analyzing the data of the Bitcoin ledger, it realizes the on-chain behavior portrait of a specific wallet address attributable to the user. In this work, we propose a new anti-anonymity technology, by constructing transaction behavior vectors and social behavior vectors based on Bitcoin ledger data and off-chain social data respectively, and build a model for mapping and aligning the two vectors. Experimental test shows that the proposed anti-anonymity technology is more accurate and has better practical effects. Furthermore, the technology suits for the anti-anonymity of other virtual currencies as well.
3
Norton, William H. J., Line Manceau, and Florian Reichmann. "The Visually Mediated Social Preference Test: A Novel Technique to Measure Social Behavior and Behavioral Disturbances in Zebrafish." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9554-7_8.
Full text
4
Echevarria, David J., Christine Buske, Christina N. Toms, and David J. Jouandot. "A Novel Test Battery to Assess Drug-Induced Changes in Zebrafish Social Behavior." In Neuromethods. Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-953-6_9.
Full text
5
Chubarov, Arthur, and Daniil Azarnov. "Modeling Behavior of Virtual Actors: A Limited Turing Test for Social-Emotional Intelligence." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63940-6_5.
Full text
6
Lübke, Robert, Daniel Schuster, and Alexander Schill. "NESSEE: An In-House Test Platform for Large Scale Tests of Multimedia Applications Including Network Behavior." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13326-3_22.
Full text
7
D’Onofrio, Grazia, Annamaria Petito, Antonella Calvio, Giusi Antonia Toto, and Pierpaolo Limone. "Robot Assistive Therapy Strategies for Children with Autism." In Psychology, Learning, Technology. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15845-2_7.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractBackground: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a category of neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts as well as restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities. Social robots offer clinicians new ways to interact and work with people with ASD. Robot-Assisted Training (RAT) is a growing body of research in HRI, which studies how robots can assist and enhance human skills during a task-centred interaction. RAT systems have a wide range of application for children with ASD.Aims: In a pilot RCT with an experimental group and a control group, research aims will be: to assess group differences in repetitive and maladaptive behaviours (RMBs), affective states and performance tasks across sessions and within each group; to assess the perception of family relationships between two groups before and post robot interaction; to develop a robotic app capable to run Raven’s Progressive Matrices (RPM), a test typically used to measure general human intelligence and to compare the accuracy of the robot to capture the data with that run by psychologists.Material and Methods: Patients with mild or moderate level of ASD will be enrolled in the study which will last 3 years. The sample size is: 60 patients (30 patients will be located in the experimental group and 30 patients will be located in the control group) indicated by an evaluation of the estimated enrolment time. Inclusion criteria will be the following: eligibility of children confirmed using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule −2; age ≥ 7 years; clinician judgment during a clinical psychology evaluation; written parental consent approved by the local ethical committee. The study will be conducted over 10 weeks for each participant, with the pretest and post test conducted during the first and last weeks of the study. The training will be provided over the intermediate eight weeks, with one session provided each week, for a total of 8 sessions. Baseline and follow-up evaluation include: socioeconomic status of families will be assessed using the Hollingshead scale; Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) will be used to screen the communication skills and social functioning in children with ASD; Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, 2nd edition (VABS) will be used to assess the capabilities of children in dealing with everyday life; severity and variety of children’s ripetitive behaviours will be also assessed using Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R). Moreover, the perception of family relationships assessment will be run by Portfolio for the validation of parental acceptance and refusal (PARENTS).Expected Results: 1) improbe communication skills; 2) reduced repetitive and maladaptive behaviors; 3) more positive perception of family relationships; 4) improved performance.Conclusions: Robot-Assisted Training aims to train and enhance user (physical or cognitive) skills, through the interaction, and not assist users to complete a task thus a target is to enhance user performance by providing personalized and targeted assistance towards maximizing training and learning effects. Robotics systems can be used to manage therapy sessions, gather and analyse data and like interactions with the patient and generate useful information in the form of reports and graphs, thus are a powerful tool for the therapist to check patient’s progress and facilitate diagnosis.
8
Goldmark, Sandra, Leslie Raucher, and Ana Cardenas. "Building a Circular Campus: Consumption, Net Zero Emissions, and Environmental Justice at Barnard College." In Transforming Education for Sustainability. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13536-1_20.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractHigher education has an opportunity to accelerate the transition to a just and circular economy, a vital part of any global response to climate change. As diverse but contained communities, campuses are in many ways microcosms of the larger world – with systems, both centralized and decentralized, for dining, purchasing, transportation, home and work life, and decision making. At the same time, colleges and universities have significant capacity to influence behaviors through teaching, research, management, and purchasing power. These characteristics create a unique opportunity to develop and test circular economy strategies, especially in the context of environmental justice. When put into practice in a campus environment, numerous intersections and synergies between social justice and circularity become apparent, along with powerful pathways for emissions reduction and changing behavior patterns. This chapter describes the pursuit of an equitable and circular campus at Barnard College: a circular campus is a holistic, systems-based framework designed to reduce emissions and waste, reduce costs, transform consumption patterns on campus, increase access and affordability for students, and support the transition to a just, sustainable economy.
9
Heller, Lois Jane, Celette Sugg Skinner, A. Janet Tomiyama, et al. "Trier Social Stress Test." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_71.
Full text
10
Weckesser, Lisa Juliane, Robert Miller, and Clemens Kirschbaum. "Trier Social Stress Test." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6439-6_71-2.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Social behavior test"
1
Majdak, Marijana, and Tea Ritosa. "MENTAL HEALTH AND SOME RISKY BEHAVIORS OF STUDENTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2024/vs07/43.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to research the relationship between depression, stress and some risky behaviors, i.e. the use of alcohol, marijuana and problematic Internet use (PIU) during the Covid-19 pandemic among students of the University of Zagreb. The research was conducted during July, 2022. The final sample consisted of 112 participants who met the criteria for inclusion in the sample, 97 were female, 13 male and 2 undetermined. The questionnaire consisted of The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (modified), Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (modified) and The Problematic and Risky Internet Use Screening Scale. The research was conducted online (through students Facebook groups). The data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient in the statistical program IBM SPSS Statistics v20. The results showed the correlation between stress and alcohol consumption, as well as between stress and problematic Internet use. The correlation between stress and marijuana consumption has not been established, despite the fact that previous researches and theories indicate its existence. Correlation between depression and the consumption of marijuana and alcohol have also not been established. The results of this research can be used as guidelines for future research and the development of prevention programs.
2
Gotea, Mihaela, Ion Negrila, and Angelica Banca. "AGGRESSION AND COMMUNICATION IN THE ONLINE ENVIROMENT." In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2024/s07/38.
Full textAbstract:
As the saying goes, it is difficult to live in a community without being influenced by it. Daily interaction with others is inevitable. Communicating with different people can be pleasant or it can lead to conflicts and tensions. In this text, we will address one aspect of communication - aggressive behavior. Do we often experience aggression from others or do we show it ourselves? How can we manage harmful behavior that can have negative and even destructive consequences? Aggression is an essential component of human nature. It plays an important role in the formation of personality, being as crucial as love. Self-control, which sometimes requires some form of internal confrontation, can become a source of energy and motivate important skills such as determination, self-education, and discipline. Aggressiveness in a positive form can contribute to success in various aspects of life, as long as it is managed responsibly. It is important not to eliminate this aspect of the personality, but to learn how to channel it constructively, both for our benefit and for the benefit of those around us.
3
Cui, Chunying, and Yunqian He. "Experiment Test Design of Consumption Accompanying Behavior in VR Environment." In 2016 2nd International Conference on Social Science and Higher Education. Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icsshe-16.2016.23.
Full text
4
Alhrahsheh, Rakan. "Bridging Awareness and Action: A Mixed-Methods Study on Environmental Consciousness and Sustainable Behavior in Abu Dhabi's Social and Economic Landscape." In 8th World Conference on Arts, Humanities, Social Sciences and Education. Eurasia Conferences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.62422/978-81-981590-2-1-028.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental awareness plays a crucial role in advancing sustainable development by fostering responsible environmental behaviors. This research explores the relationship between Abu Dhabi residents' awareness of environmental practices and the extent to which this awareness translates into their daily sustainable behaviors. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study encompasses a total sample of 360 participants. Of these, 350 individuals were selected through a random cluster sampling method, while 10 participants were chosen intentionally through non-random sampling. The study aims to test the primary hypothesis that a statistically significant positive correlation exists between individuals' awareness of environmental practices and their commitment to sustainability behaviors. Qualitative data are analyzed through narrative interpretation based on insights from the 10 intentionally selected respondents, while quantitative data from the 350 survey participants are examined using frequency distributions and percentages to outline the demographic characteristics of the study population. To measure the relationship between awareness and behavior, the Pearson correlation coefficient is applied, alongside simple and multiple regression analysis to assess the influence of demographic factors on this relationship. Keywords: Environmental Awareness, Climate Change, Sustainability, Sustainable Environmental Behavior, Environmental Responsibility.
5
Banerjee, Saanjh, and Udita Singh. "Illuminating Autism: A Case Study on Early Intervention and Progress in Behavior." In Transforming Knowledge: A Multidisciplinary Research on Integrative Learning Across Disciplines. The Bhopal School of Social Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.51767/ic250455.
Full textAbstract:
This case study examines a 7-year-old boy diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Level 2, characterized by challenges in social communication, repetitive behaviors, and sensory sensitivities. Comprehensive data were collected through behavioral observations, caregiver interviews, and standardized assessments, including the Seguin Form Board Test (SFBT), Binet Kamat Test of Intelligence (BKT), and Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS). The study highlights notable progress in verbal communication, adaptive skills, and tolerance for sensory stimuli, emphasizing the importance of early, individualized, and multidisciplinary approaches in enhancing outcomes for individuals with ASD.
6
Paisilazarescu, Mihaela, Maria magdalena Stan, and Sofia loredana Tudor. "COMPUTER IN CHILDREN'S AND ADOLESCENTS' LIVES." In eLSE 2014. Editura Universitatii Nationale de Aparare "Carol I", 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-14-111.
Full textAbstract:
Computer impact on people's lives is a controversial subject because it has both positive and negative implications on behavior and mental development. The aim of this study is to identify the positive and negative effects of computer use on psychological mechanisms, behavior, school results, physical condition, interpersonal relationship, socio- emotional development and perception of reality. Experts in education and also practitioners have found that those children and adolescents who use computer excessively (video games, Internet communication, etc..) have poor school performance, low interest in school activities, exhibits verbal and physical violence, poor communication skills , low self-esteem and a range of behavioral disorders. The questionnaire used in our investigation was to identify the time that children and adolescents consume it in relation to the computer, the reasons that lead to devote that time to this activity, the use of information obtained from these sources for personal development. The obtained results were reported to the students' school results, teachers' observation on their cognitive and social behaviors and on subjects self-esteem (investigated by Roserberg test). The rational use of the computer by children and adolescents may facilitate students' school performance, it may contribute to increase the motivation for learning, to form skills for independent work and those for teamwork, to achieve transdisciplinary transfers etc. The research has also identified that using the computer excessively affects the psyho-social lives of children and adolescents both in terms of their socio-emotional behaviour and certain personality traits ( self esteem ). Keywords: computer usage, positive effects, negative effects, school performance, self-esteem
7
Borduin, Russell, Karthik Ramaswamy, Ashwin Mohan, Rex Cocroft, and Satish S. Nair. "Modeling the Rapid Transmission of Information Within a Social Group of Insects: Emergent Patterns in the Antipredator Signals." In ASME 2008 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2008-2298.
Full textAbstract:
The study of group behavior in animals emerging from social interactions among individuals using agent based models has gained momentum in recent years. Although most of the individuals in a group of the treehopper Umbonia crassicornis do not have information about where the predator is, the signaling behavior of the group yields an emergent pattern that provides the defending adult with information about predator presence and location. Offspring signal synchronously to warn a defending parent of a predator attack. We develop a computational model of rapid signaler-receiver interactions in this group-living insect. We test the emergence of informative global patterns by providing interacting juvenile nymphs with limited locally available information with this agent based model. Known parameters such as size of the aggregation and spatial distribution are estimated from experimental recordings. Further, the model investigates the behavioral rules underlying group signaling patterns that reveal the predator’s location. We also show how variation in these behavioral rules can bring about variation in group signals, demonstrating the potential for natural selection to shape these rules.
8
Risnawaty, Widya, Sri Tiatri, Tjibeng Jap, and Sesilia Monika. "Could the Profile of Orphans Represent the Javanese Position in the Indulgence Versus Restraint Culture Dimension?" In International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/hwed7576.
Full textAbstract:
Javanese culture (one of the cultural groups in Indonesia) emphasizes the importance of social norms and social consequences as a control to social behavior. The aim of this research is to study the dimension of restraint in the behavior and psychological dynamics of Javanese late adolescents, who live at two orphanages in Central Java. The participants are 40 male adolescents in the care of two public orphanage houses, with the age range between 12 to 19 years. The method used in data retrieval is qualitative, that is through observation, interviews, and drawing test. The results showed that the behavior and psychological dynamics that occur on the individual self between those two orphanages are quite similar. Participants in both orphanage houses tend to control ways to express their feelings. They also present themselves as calm, tight in norms, and under control. Additionally, showing control of emotions and being not easily surprised is also important. These observations may represent the characteristics of Javanese culture as have been found in previous research, namely, the tendency to be restrained in the Indulgence Versus Restraint dimensions (Hofstede, Hofstede, & Minkov, 2010).
9
Danassis, Panayiotis, Aris Filos-Ratsikas, and Boi Faltings. "Anytime Heuristic for Weighted Matching Through Altruism-Inspired Behavior." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/31.
Full textAbstract:
We present a novel anytime heuristic (ALMA), inspired by the human principle of altruism, for solving the assignment problem. ALMA is decentralized, completely uncoupled, and requires no communication between the participants. We prove an upper bound on the convergence speed that is polynomial in the desired number of resources and competing agents per resource; crucially, in the realistic case where the aforementioned quantities are bounded independently of the total number of agents/resources, the convergence time remains constant as the total problem size increases. We have evaluated ALMA under three test cases: (i) an anti-coordination scenario where agents with similar preferences compete over the same set of actions, (ii) a resource allocation scenario in an urban environment, under a constant-time constraint, and finally, (iii) an on-line matching scenario using real passenger-taxi data. In all of the cases, ALMA was able to reach high social welfare, while being orders of magnitude faster than the centralized, optimal algorithm. The latter allows our algorithm to scale to realistic scenarios with hundreds of thousands of agents, e.g., vehicle coordination in urban environments.
10
Saputro, Yusuf, Muhammad Wakhid Musthofa, and Ira Setyaningsih. "Analysis of the Influence of Promotion, Price, Ease of Use, and Flexibility on Shopping Behavior of E-Commerce Users in Jabodetabek." In The 6th International Conference on Science and Engineering. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-hbv7qo.
Full textAbstract:
Online shopping has become the right choice to avoid crowds and maximize social distancing during the Covid-19 pandemic. The restrictions on activities and staying at home during the pandemic have shifted consumer behavior towards digitalization, relying on e-commerce and social media for shopping. The shopping trend in the Jabodetabek area has shifted from offline shopping in malls to online shopping through various e-commerce applications. This research aims to determine the influence of Price (X1), Promotion (X2), Ease of Use (X3), and Flexibility (X4) on the Shopping Behavior of the Jabodetabek community (Y), which has now shifted from offline stores to e-commerce. This research uses linear regression with hypothesis testing using t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination. The results of the study indicate a significant influence of X2 on Y, X3 on Y, and X4 on Y, while there is no significant influence of X1 on Y. However, there is a significant simultaneous influence of variables X1, X2, X3, and X4 on variable Y with a determination coefficient level of 78%.
Reports on the topic "Social behavior test"
1
Tetzlaff, Sasha, Jinelle Sperry, and Brett DeGregorio. You can go your own way : no evidence for social behavior based on kinship or familiarity in captive juvenile box turtles. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44923.
Full textAbstract:
Behavioral interactions between conspecific animals can be influenced by relatedness and familiarity. To test how kinship and familiarity influenced social behavior in juvenile Eastern Box Turtles (Terrapene carolina), 16 captive-born individuals were reared under semi-natural conditions in four equally sized groups, where each group comprised pairs of siblings and non-siblings. Using separation distance between pairs of turtles in rearing enclosures as a measure of gregariousness, we found no evidence suggesting siblings more frequently interacted with one another compared to non-relatives over the first five months of life. Average pair separation distance decreased during this time but may have been due to turtles aggregating around resources like heat and moist retreat areas as colder temperatures approached. At eight months old, we again measured repeated separation distances between unique pair combinations and similarly found no support for associations being influenced by kinship. Agonistic interactions between individuals were never observed. Based on our results, group housing and rearing of juvenile box turtles did not appear to negatively impact their welfare. Unlike findings for other taxa, our results suggest strategically housing groups of juvenile T. carolina to maintain social stability may not be an important husbandry consideration when planning releases of captive-reared individuals for conservation purposes.
2
Aruguete, Natalia, Ernesto Calvo, Carlos Scartascini, and Tiago Ventura. Trustful Voters, Trustworthy Politicians: A Survey Experiment on the Influence of Social Media in Politics. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003389.
Full textAbstract:
Recent increases in political polarization in social media raise questions about the relationship between negative online messages and the decline in political trust around the world. To evaluate this claim causally, we implement a variant of the well-known trust game in a survey experiment with 4,800 respondents in Brazil and Mexico. Our design allows to test the effect of social media on trust and trustworthiness. Survey respondents alternate as agents (politicians) and principals (voters). Players can cast votes, trust others with their votes, and cast entrusted votes. The players rewards are contingent on their preferred “candidate” winning the election. We measure the extent to which voters place their trust in others and are themselves trustworthy, that is, willing to honor requests that may not benefit them. Treated respondents are exposed to messages from in-group or out-group politicians, and with positive or negative tone. Results provide robust support for a negative effect of uncivil partisan discourse on trust behavior and null results on trustworthiness. The negative effect on trust is considerably greater among randomly treated respondents who engage with social media messages. These results show that engaging with messages on social media can have a deleterious effect on trust, even when those messages are not relevant to the task at hand or not representative of the actions of the individuals involved in the game.
3
Soroker, V., and N. C. Rueppell. acterization of the architecture of hygienic behavior of honeybees to enable breeding for improved honeybee health. United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2021.8134169.bard.
Full textAbstract:
High honeybee colony losses in the last decade have raised the scientific efforts to determine and mitigate the causes of declining honeybee health. Although honeybees are exposed to a variety of stressors, infestation by the ectoparasitic mite (Varroa destructor) and the viruses it vectors are considered to be the most significant biological problem of A. mellifera worldwide. Management of viral diseases is problematic and mainly focuses on control of Varroa. Current Varroa control suffers from the evolution mite resistance, negative effects on bees and bee products, and other inefficiencies and impracticalities. This situation necessitates the development of an integrated strategy for Varroa pest management. Breeding honeybee stocks that are resistant to mites is an essential part of any sustainable long-term control of Varroa. We have focused our study on the behavioral trait of worker hygienic behavior that has been described as a social colony defense mechanism against Varroa and some other brood diseases. The main original objectives of our proposal were: 1) Characterize the phenotypic architecture of the hygienic behavior and its cost (age and intensity of uncapping, removal, recapping, higher sensitivity of workers, stronger signaling by the brood, as well as the age of first foraging, longevity, and individual immunity of workers, and colony level of Varroa and viruses); 2) Determine patterns of inheritance of the key aspects of hygienic behavior by phenotyping of multiple crosses over several generations and reciprocal crosses; 3) Identify a robust core marker set for hygienic behavior by comparative transcriptomic analyses and QTL mapping of the hygienic trait; 4) Verify the core marker set in study of the general honeybee population to associate marker genotypes with hygienic performance; 5) Test the colony-level outcomes of introgressing hygienic-selection lines under field conditions into locally adapted populations. During the course of the project, we conducted a number of field experiments in our research apiaries and with beekeepers at different sites in Israel.
4
Webster, D. G. Chesapeake Governance Study: Report of 2021 Decision Maker Interview Results. Dartmouth Digital Commons, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1349/zylh8682.
Full textAbstract:
This report describes the aggregate results from a series of interviews conducted with decision makers involved in governance of the Chesapeake Watershed. Interviews began in June and ended in December of 2021. Information collected will be combined with other data to create and then test a computer model to predict likely policy changes under a range of future scenarios. It is part of a larger project funded by the National Science Foundation called Modeling the Dynamics of Human and Estuarine Systems with Regulatory Feedbacks (Award #2009248). Using the Chesapeake Bay as an example, this project will combine the policy model that we are designing with biophysical models to predict how social, economic and policy changes impact water quality, and how changes in water quality influence human behavior and decision-making.
5
Jones, Stephanie, Rebecca Bailey, Katharine Brush, and Jennifer Kahn. Kernels of Practice for SEL: Low-Cost, Low-Burden Strategies. Harvard Graduate School of Education, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.59656/yd-os3357.001.
Full text
6
Schneider, Sarah, Daniel Wolf, and Astrid Schütz. Workshop for the Assessment of Social-Emotional Competences : Application of SEC-I and SEC-SJT. Otto-Friedrich-Universität, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20378/irb-49180.
Full textAbstract:
The modular workshop offers a science-based introduction to the concept of social-emotional competences. It focuses on the psychological assessment of such competences in in institutions specialized in the professional development of people with learning disabilities. As such, the workshop is primarily to be understood as an application-oriented training programme for professionals who work in vocational education and use (or teach the usage of) the assessment tools SEC-I and SEC-SJT (Inventory and Situational Judgment Test for the assessment of social-emotional competence in young people with (sub-) clinical cognitive or psychological impairment) which were developed at the University of Bamberg. The workshop comprises seven subject areas that can be flexibly put together as required: theoretical basics and definitions of social-emotional competence, the basics of psychological assessment, potential difficulties in its use, usage of the self-rating scale, the situational judgment test, the observer-rating scale, and objective observation of behaviour. The general aim of this workshop is to learn how to use and apply the assessment tools in practical settings.
7
Gandelman, Néstor, and Ana Balsa. The Impact of ICT on Health Promotion: A Randomized Experiment with Diabetic Patients. Inter-American Development Bank, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011195.
Full textAbstract:
This paper summarizes a randomized experiment to study the effects of an Internet-based intervention on type 2 diabetes patients in Montevideo, Uruguay. A specially designed website and electronic social network allowed participants to navigate freely, download materials, and interact with other diabetics and specialists. No significant impact was found on participants' knowledge, behavior, or health outcomes. Only a minority of patients logged on to the website, and most were only reached by email and mobile text (SMS). Patients' gender, marital status, and education influenced their participation on the website.
8
Drury, J., S. Arias, T. Au-Yeung, et al. Public behaviour in response to perceived hostile threats: an evidence base and guide for practitioners and policymakers. University of Sussex, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/vjvt7448.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Public behaviour and the new hostile threats • Civil contingencies planning and preparedness for hostile threats requires accurate and up to date knowledge about how the public might behave in relation to such incidents. Inaccurate understandings of public behaviour can lead to dangerous and counterproductive practices and policies. • There is consistent evidence across both hostile threats and other kinds of emergencies and disasters that significant numbers of those affected give each other support, cooperate, and otherwise interact socially within the incident itself. • In emergency incidents, competition among those affected occurs in only limited situations, and loss of behavioural control is rare. • Spontaneous cooperation among the public in emergency incidents, based on either social capital or emergent social identity, is a crucial part of civil contingencies planning. • There has been relatively little research on public behaviour in response to the new hostile threats of the past ten years, however. • The programme of work summarized in this briefing document came about in response to a wave of false alarm flight incidents in the 2010s, linked to the new hostile threats (i.e., marauding terrorist attacks). • By using a combination of archive data for incidents in Great Britain 2010-2019, interviews, video data analysis, and controlled experiments using virtual reality technology, we were able to examine experiences, measure behaviour, and test hypotheses about underlying psychological mechanisms in both false alarms and public interventions against a hostile threat. Re-visiting the relationship between false alarms and crowd disasters • The Bethnal Green tube disaster of 1943, in which 173 people died, has historically been used to suggest that (mis)perceived hostile threats can lead to uncontrolled ‘stampedes’. • Re-analysis of witness statements suggests that public fears of Germany bombs were realistic rather than unreasonable, and that flight behaviour was socially structured rather than uncontrolled. • Evidence for a causal link between the flight of the crowd and the fatal crowd collapse is weak at best. • Altogether, the analysis suggests the importance of examining people’s beliefs about context to understand when they might interpret ambiguous signals as a hostile threat, and that. Tthe concepts of norms and relationships offer better ways to explain such incidents than ‘mass panic’. Why false alarms occur • The wider context of terrorist threat provides a framing for the public’s perception of signals as evidence of hostile threats. In particular, the magnitude of recent psychologically relevant terrorist attacks predicts likelihood of false alarm flight incidents. • False alarms in Great Britain are more likely to occur in those towns and cities that have seen genuine terrorist incidents. • False alarms in Great Britain are more likely to occur in the types of location where terrorist attacks happen, such as shopping areass, transport hubs, and other crowded places. • The urgent or flight behaviour of other people (including the emergency services) influences public perceptions that there is a hostile threat, particularly in situations of greater ambiguity, and particularly when these other people are ingroup. • High profile tweets suggesting a hostile threat, including from the police, have been associated with the size and scale of false alarm responses. • In most cases, it is a combination of factors – context, others’ behaviour, communications – that leads people to flee. A false alarm tends not to be sudden or impulsive, and often follows an initial phase of discounting threat – as with many genuine emergencies. 2.4 How the public behave in false alarm flight incidents • Even in those false alarm incidents where there is urgent flight, there are also other behaviours than running, including ignoring the ‘threat’, and walking away. • Injuries occur but recorded injuries are relatively uncommon. • Hiding is a common behaviour. In our evidence, this was facilitated by orders from police and offers from people staff in shops and other premises. • Supportive behaviours are common, including informational and emotional support. • Members of the public often cooperate with the emergency services and comply with their orders but also question instructions when the rationale is unclear. • Pushing, trampling and other competitive behaviour can occur,s but only in restricted situations and briefly. • At the Oxford Street Black Friday 2017 false alarm, rather than an overall sense of unity across the crowd, camaraderie existed only in pockets. This was likely due to the lack of a sense of common fate or reference point across the incident; the fragmented experience would have hindered the development of a shared social identity across the crowd. • Large and high profile false alarm incidents may be associated with significant levels of distress and even humiliation among those members of the public affected, both at the time and in the aftermath, as the rest of society reflects and comments on the incident. Public behaviour in response to visible marauding attackers • Spontaneous, coordinated public responses to marauding bladed attacks have been observed on a number of occasions. • Close examination of marauding bladed attacks suggests that members of the public engage in a wide variety of behaviours, not just flight. • Members of the public responding to marauding bladed attacks adopt a variety of complementary roles. These, that may include defending, communicating, first aid, recruiting others, marshalling, negotiating, risk assessment, and evidence gathering. Recommendations for practitioners and policymakers • Embed the psychology of public behaviour in emergencies in your training and guidance. • Continue to inform the public and promote public awareness where there is an increased threat. • Build long-term relations with the public to achieve trust and influence in emergency preparedness. • Use a unifying language and supportive forms of communication to enhance unity both within the crowd and between the crowd and the authorities. • Authorities and responders should take a reflexive approach to their responses to possible hostile threats, by reflecting upon how their actions might be perceived by the public and impact (positively and negatively) upon public behaviour. • To give emotional support, prioritize informative and actionable risk and crisis communication over emotional reassurances. • Provide first aid kits in transport infrastructures to enable some members of the public more effectively to act as zero responders.
9
Cattaneo, Matias D., Richard K. Crump, Max H. Farrell, and Yingjie Feng. Nonlinear Binscatter Methods. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59576/sr.1110.
Full textAbstract:
Binned scatter plots are a powerful statistical tool for empirical work in the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Available methods rely on a quantile-based partitioning estimator of the conditional mean regression function to primarily construct flexible yet interpretable visualization methods, but they can also be used to estimate treatment effects, assess uncertainty, and test substantive domain-specific hypotheses. This paper introduces novel binscatter methods based on nonlinear, possibly nonsmooth M-estimation methods, covering generalized linear, robust, and quantile regression models. We provide a host of theoretical results and practical tools for local constant estimation along with piecewise polynomial and spline approximations, including (i) optimal tuning parameter (number of bins) selection, (ii) confidence bands, and (iii) formal statistical tests regarding functional form or shape restrictions. Our main results rely on novel strong approximations for general partitioning-based estimators covering random, data-driven partitions, which may be of independent interest. We demonstrate our methods with an empirical application studying the relation between the percentage of individuals without health insurance and per capita income at the zip-code level. We provide general-purpose software packages implementing our methods in Python, R, and Stata.
10
Hillestad, Torgeir Martin. The Metapsychology of Evil: Main Theoretical Perspectives Causes, Consequences and Critique. University of Stavanger, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.224.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this text or dissertation is to throw some basic light on a fundamental problem concerning manhood, namely the question of evil, its main sources, dynamics and importance for human attitudes and behaviour. The perspective behind the analysis itself is that of psychology. Somebody, or many, may feel at bit nervous by the word “evil” itself. It may very well be seen as too connected to religion, myth and even superstition. Yet those who are motivated to lose oneself in the subject retain a deep interest in human destructiveness, malevolence and hate, significant themes pointing at threatening prospects for mankind. The text is organized or divided into four main ordinary chapters, the three first of them organized or divided into continuous and numbered sections. A crucial point or question is of cause how to define evil itself. It can of cause be done both intentional, instrumental and by consequence. Other theorists however have stated that the concept of evil exclusively rests on a myth originated in the Judean-Christian conception of Satan and ultimate evil. This last argument presupposes evil itself as non-existent in the real rational world. It seems however a fact that most people attach certain basic meaning to the concept, mainly that it represents ultimately bad and terrible actions and behaviour directed toward common people for the purpose of bringing upon them ultimate pain and suffer. However, there is no room for essentialism here, meaning that we simply can look “inside” some original matter to get to know what it “really” is. Rather, a phenomenon gets its identity from the constituted meaning operating within a certain human communities and contexts loaded with intentionality and inter-subjective meaning. As mentioned above, the concept of evil can be interpreted both instrumental and intentional, the first being the broadest of them. Here evil stands for behaviour and human deeds having terrifying or fatal consequences for subjects and people or in general, regardless of the intentions behind. The intentional interpretation however, links the concept to certain predispositions, characteristics and even strong motives in subjects, groups and sometimes political systems and nations. I will keep in mind and clear the way for both these perspectives for the discussion in prospect. This essay represents a psychological perspective on evil, but makes it clear that a more or less complete account of such a psychological view also should include a thorough understanding or integration of some basic social and even biological assumptions. However, I consider a social psychological position of significant importance, especially because in my opinion it represents some sort of coordination of knowledge and theoretical perspectives inherent in the subject or problem itself, the main task here being to integrate perspectives of a psychological as well as social and biological kind. Since humans are essential social creatures, the way itself to present knowledge concerning the human condition, must be social of some sort and kind, however not referring to some kind of reductionism where social models of explanation possess or holds monopoly. Social and social psychological perspectives itself represents parts of the whole matter regarding understanding and explanation of human evil. The fact that humans present, or has to represent themselves as humans among other humans, means that basically a social language is required both to explain and describe human manners and ways of being. This then truly represents its own way or, more correctly, level or standard of explanation, which makes social psychology some sort of significant, though not sufficient. More substantial, the vision itself of integrating different ontological and theoretical levels and objects of science for the purpose of manifesting or make real a full-fledged psychological perspective on evil, should be considered or characterized a meta-psychological perspective. The text is partially constructed as a review of existing theories and theorists concerning the matter of evil and logically associated themes such as violence, mass murder, genocide, antisocial behaviour in general, aggression, hate and cruelty. However, the demands of making a theoretical distinction between these themes, although connected, is stressed. Above all, an integral perspective combining different scientific disciplines is aimed at.