Books on the topic 'Social capital formation'

The parents in the Social Capitalist network introduce a set of new ideas about the meaning of relationships with donor siblings. Rather than trying to squeeze themselves into any preexisting model of family, they actively negotiate their own rules for interaction and for language (including use of the word “dibling”). They also introduce a set of new ideas about the benefits the group can provide. They state quite clearly that they value the social and cultural capital available through group membership. The parents scurry to become members early (while their children are under the age of five) because they want both to influence the group’s formation and to secure the benefits they hope their children will receive in years to come. Because the children are so young, we hear only from the parents.

Beginning around 1860, authors in the Egyptian capital portrayed Cairo’s changing cityscape and the recent emergence of local newspapers in terms of their impact on rationality (‘aql). In their descriptions, these contemporaries depicted rationality as an education of the heart that especially enabled men from the middle class to control their bodies and passions. The chapter shows that Cairo’s transformation was, however, not always associated with rising rationality by drawing on a different set of sources. Police and court records from the 1860s and 1870s demonstrate that contemporaries also described processes of urban change as a danger to the “honor” of lower-class women. Like the debates in Berlin, emotional practices in Cairo thus served as a way to address the social formation of the Egyptian capital during a time of dynamic transformation.

This chapter surveys recent research that utilizes the measures and techniques of social network analysis (SNA) to explain socioecological outcomes. The chapter focuses on the role of key characteristics of networks—including density and fragmentation, bonding and bridging social capital, brokerage and leadership—in promoting adaptive governance and co-management, and in turn, successful environmental management outcomes. It argues that network structures affect the ability of actors to coordinate their behavior, cooperate with one another, share information, and adapt their behavior to new circumstances. The chapter concludes by discussing limitations and future directions for research, drawing attention to the need for more work integrating ecological and social networks, comparative SNA, and analyses of network formation and evolution.

This article examines whether social ties play a significant role in job seeking by poor people. A number of studies provide evidence that in relative and absolute terms, the poor rely heavily on social networks for job-finding. Without networks, poor job seekers are significantly less likely to find work. After considering what kinds of ties help the poor get ahead, this article discusses the role of weak ties as a source of job information and influence. It then explores the link between employment outcomes and network structure and composition as well as how people make leveraging ties, and how might this process of tie formation inform our understanding of network inequality. It also asks why leveraging ties are effective and concludes with an assessment of conditions that facilitate social capital activation.

This introductory chapter argues that the story of how Chicago wageworkers and the labor question achieved legitimacy in the public sphere begins with the formation of the Republican Party. The Republican Party of the 1850s had an ambiguous attitude toward wage labor. On the one hand, Republicans wanted to reserve the western lands for white settlers and maintain their access to landed property and personal independence. Thus, they opposed the expansion of slavery into the territories and supported a homestead law for those with little capital. However, Republicans were also the first party to offer an ideology and set of policy prescriptions that accepted and even glorified wage labor as an important element in the Northern social order. Thus, leaders of the new party substituted for propertied independence the free-labor values associated with social mobility.

Freely improvised music lacks commonly used mechanisms (e.g., scores, conductors, shared performance practices) that serve to coordinate choices across performers in other musical genres. This chapter analyses problems and solutions of musical coordination in free improvisation through the lens of “path dependence,” an analytic framework used in economics to model situations in which agents perceive a high pay-off to coordinating market choices. Key results in the path-dependence literature are the likelihood of multiple equilibria and “lock-in” to inferior outcomes. The interpersonal skills identified as critical for coordination in free improvisation closely parallel the skills that have been identified by social scientists as essential for high-functioning group behavior in non-musical pursuits. This suggests a pedagogical role for improvisation in enhancing economic and personal well-being with regard to human capital formation and happiness.

This book, using contemporary history and original empirical research, updates traditional rentier state theory, which largely fails to account for the existence of Islamist movements, by demonstrating the political capital held by Muslim Brotherhood affiliates in Kuwait, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). While rentier state theory predicts that citizens of such states will form opposition blocs only when their stake in rent income is threatened, this book demonstrates that ideology, rather than rent, has motivated the formation of independent Islamist movements in the wealthiest states of the region. It argues for this thesis by chronicling the history of the Brotherhood in Kuwait, Qatar, and the UAE, and showing how the organization adapted to the changing (and often adverse) political environs of those respective countries to remain a popular and influential force for social, educational, and political change in the region. The presence of oil rents, then, far from rendering Islamist complaint politically irrelevant, shapes the ways in which Islamist movements seek to influence government policies.

This book revisits times of excitement and loss in early 1990s Albania, in which about a dozen pyramid firms collapsed and caused the country to fall into anarchy and a near civil war. To gain a better understanding of how people from all walks of life came to invest in these financial schemes and how these schemes became intertwined with everyday transactions, dreams, and aspirations, the book looks at the materiality, sociality, and temporality of financial speculations at the margins of global capital. It argues that the speculative financial practices of the schemes were enabled by official financial infrastructures (such as the postsocialist free-market reforms), by unofficial economies (such as transnational remittances), as well as by historically specific forms of entrepreneurship, transnational social networks, and desires for a European modernity. Overall, these granular stories of participation in the Albanian schemes help understand neoliberal capitalism as a heterogeneous economic formation that intertwines capitalist and noncapitalist forms of accumulation and investment.

Youth, Work and the Post-Fordist Self represents a paradigm shift in contemporary understandings of youth and work: from the study of youth transitions to the formation of young people as workers. With this focus, the book addresses transformations in the status of young people as economic actors. Despite high levels of youth unemployment, young people are increasingly encouraged to view work as a realm of meaning and self-actualisation, and are required to invest more and more in their identities as workers. In this, young people are evocative of broader shifts in labour force formation processes, which now go beyond the possession of skills or educational capital to encompass aspects of the working self that were previously considered ‘unproductive’, such as a worker’s relational style and mode of self-expression. The book draws on a large qualitative data-set in which young people articulate the meaning of work in their own words, describe their experiences of employment, and articulate their plans and aspirations for the role that work will play in their own lives. More than a set of employment conditions to move through, this book explores work as a realm in which young people’s selves and identities are produced in line with post-Fordist social and economic changes, which make work into an increasingly all-encompassing arena for the production of youth itself. In this sense, the book represents a new research agenda in studies of youth and work, situating youth as critical to the dynamics of labour and value in contemporary capitalism.

This chapter examines the rise of networked militarization in the United States. It considers how increased spending for U.S. military procurement sparked a shift into networks in capitalist development, casting digital capitalism as a permanent, pervasively militarized social formation. It shows that, throughout every presidency from the Truman administration to Ronald Reagan and beyond, the United States did its best to capture and to reorganize the frontiers of the world political economy to serve capital's short- and/or long-term designs. It argues that a militarized digital capitalism carried forward capital's longstanding structural reliance on government spending, extending and reorienting it. Finally, it describes how massive and compounding investments in computer networks became a marked feature across the length and breadth of the political economy.

Contrary to Catholicism, Catholic social teaching, and the commitment to live out the mercy of Jesus Christ, today’s dominant global economic and cultural system, neoliberalism, demands that life be led as a series of sacrifices to the market. This book’s theological critique of neoliberalism begins with recent papal teaching against “economism,” proceeds into a historical and theoretical analysis of neoliberalism’s conception as a discourse in academia and the business community, its rise to global prominence through class warfare, its subtle redefining of human self-understanding via the notion of “human capital,” and its formation of an ethos of mercilessness. Central is treatment of four neoliberal-perpetuated and -exacerbated crises: environmental destruction, slum proliferation, mass incarceration, and mass deportation. This entails plumbing the sacrificial and racist depths of neoliberalism. The book offers an antineoliberal systematic theology founded on Trinitarian mercy, a neighbor anthropology and innkeeper ecclesiology, and a politics of mercy, or a civilizational program grounded in, yet reimagining, the traditional Catholic works of mercy. This coheres with a “playbook” for social transformation that uses the universal destination of goods and abolitionism to direct the corporal works of mercy against the neoliberal utopianism that brought enhanced ecological devastation, slum growth, mass imprisonment, and abuse of migrants. In concert with official Catholic teaching, the Gospel injunction to “be merciful,” and hopeful visions of various people of good will, Send Lazarus urges a robust antineoliberal and antiracist politics, which amounts to a joyous expression of Christic hope for abundant life.

Nations are faced today with a new set of social and economic challenges: economic globalisation has intensified bringing with it a more intense phase of cultural interconnectedness and political interdependence. Globalisation has also further driven and multiplied international flows not only of capitals, goods and services but also of people. National states have seen their capacity to govern undermined by these processes. However, in Europe, the nation continues to be a powerful source of identity and legitimacy. This chapter offers a reflection on the centrifugal and centripetal forces that challenge the nation today and the kind of analytical tools that we need to connect wider socio-economic transformations with nationalism theories. The chapter is organised as follows. I first briefly review globalisation as a socio-economic phenomenon and the changes it brings at the identity level, leading to what Bauman has termed liquid modernity. In section three I am arguing however that the increased and diversified types of international migration and mobility that globalisation brings, lead to the re-emergence of the nation as a relevant point of reference for identification as well as a relevant political community that can protect people and tame the forces of globalisation. Last I am surveying developments in several European countries showing how citizens seek refuge from the social and economic challenges of globalisation and international mobility in the warm embrace of the nation that offers both the promise of political sovereignty and legitimacy and that of a feeling of shared destiny – something that for instance regional formations like the European Union cannot offer.

This chapter addresses the question of how unresolved racial grief works through the demands of capital, racialization, and sacred ritual practice to enact a gender hierarchy. It thinks through James Baldwin's first novel, Go Tell It on the Mountain (1953), to explore how testifying serves as a technology of black patriarchy—a ritual that arises out of the need for racial and economic redemption yet unfolds within and propagates gendered power relations. It examines how the content and structure of Baldwin's Bildungsroman, set in Harlem's Pentecostal community during the Great Depression, allegorizes the conversion of John Grimes, who embodies the “weak, feminine flesh” of his matrilineal line that is sacrificed to secure his “manchild” status of salvation. The chapter is punctuated by a section that situates Baldwin's novel as a form of sexual testifying on the part of Baldwin himself. In doing so, it places Baldwin's novel in conversation with its dramatic sequel, The Amen Corner (1954), to explore how both texts anticipate and extend queer theoretical conversations about the social construction of black, gay subject-formations.

Using evidence of historical changes in landscape, community life, and material culture from a coal mining company town in the Anthracite Coal Region of Northeast Pennsylvania, Michael Roller introduces an archaeological approach to the structural violence on workers, citizens, and consumers that developed across the twentieth century. The study begins with an analysis of a moment of explicit violence at the end of the nineteenth century, an event known as the Lattimer Massacre, in which as many as nineteen immigrant miners were shot by a posse of local businessmen. From this touchstone, material history and theoretical contexts across the twentieth century are documented in a manner both locally specific and broadly generalizable. Historical archaeology is used strategically, opportunistically, and dialectically, supported, amplified, and illuminated by archival and ethnographic research, spatial analysis, and social theory. In the process, attention is brought to contradictions, ironies, and absences in our understandings of this formative era in labor history. This study illuminates the development of systematized violence and soft forms of social control enacted by the collusion of state and capital through materialities such as infrastructure, urban redevelopment, mass consumerism, governmentality, biopolitics, and the shifting boundaries of sovereign power. Varied in its use of sources, the study returns again and again to the material life and the shifting landscapes of the company towns and shanty enclaves of the region, as well as the violence of the Massacre. This archaeology of the recent past shows us the unconscious material foundations for present social troubles.

Combining Atlantic and imperial perspectives, Caribbean New Orleans offers a lively portrait of the city and a probing investigation of the French colonists who established racial slavery there as well as the African slaves who were forced to toil for them. Casting early New Orleans as a Caribbean outpost of the French Empire rather than as a North American frontier town, Cécile Vidal reveals the persistent influence of the Antilles, especially Saint-Domingue, which shaped the city’s development through the eighteenth century. In so doing, she urges us to rethink our usual divisions of racial systems into mainland and Caribbean categories. Drawing on New Orleans’s rich court records as a way to capture the words and actions of its inhabitants, Vidal takes us into the city’s streets, market, taverns, church, hospitals, barracks, and households. She explores the challenges that slow economic development, Native American proximity, imperial rivalry, and the urban environment posed to a social order that was predicated on slave labor and racial hierarchy. White domination, Vidal demonstrates, was woven into the fabric of New Orleans from its founding. This comprehensive history of urban slavery locates Louisiana’s capital on a spectrum of slave societies that stretched across the Americas and provides a magisterial overview of racial discourses and practices during the formative years of North America’s most intriguing city.

La investigación formativa, en palabras de Bernardo Restrepo, hace referencia a una manifestación de presencia de la cultura de la investigación en las instituciones de educación (Restrepo, 2003). En este sentido los semilleros de investigación se han consolidado como una estrategia efectiva para la promoción de la investigación en la infancia y la juventud colombiana. Con más de 23 años desde su fundación, la Red Colombiana de Semilleros de Investigación Redcolsi cuenta con 19 nodos que le dan presencia en gran parte del territorio nacional e impacta a más de 16.418 estudiantes solo en el Nodo Antioquia durante el año 2020. Entre los objetivos de la red están: promover la investigación formativa como camino para aportar a la cultura científica, contar con relevo generacional y fomentar el trabajo colaborativo y en red. Los semilleros de investigación han sido una respuesta a la demanda de capital humano que pueda dar respuesta a las exigencias del entorno en cualquier contexto. con las competencias que den cuenta de las habilidades cognitivas y prácticas, motivación, valores, actitudes, emociones y otros componentes sociales y conductuales (Riesco, 2008). Precisamente la publicación realizada por la Corporación Universitaria Americana titulada Prácticas y resultados en formación investigativa. Semilleros de investigación generando conocimiento, se configura como una contribución a la cultura investigativa por medio de la divulgación de propuestas, avances y hallazgos resultados de los procesos investigativos con reflexiones sobre asuntos que suceden en el entorno de los estudiantes y generan nuevas ideas, enfoques y además ejercita el pensamiento crítico de los estudiantes. De esta manera los ejercicios investigativos abarcan temas como el rol del docente hombre como educador, el ejercicio docente de maestros rurales, el fortalecimiento de habilidades científicas, las tecnologías avanzadas e incorporación de metodologías de sistemas de información y seguridad, índices de mortalidad por Covid-19, la racionalización de la energía eléctrica, desarrollo de software para entregas al final del semestre, accesibilidad, la seguridad, el desarrollo, costos e inversión y el comercio en aplicaciones web, derechos patrimoniales en la unión marital de hecho, cumplimiento de la cuota alimentaria, penalización de la inasistencia alimentaria, derechos fundamentales más vulnerados en la comunidad LGBTI, políticas públicas de equidad para las mujeres, actividad edificadora por parte del Estado, reparación a la víctima del proceso de paz en Colombia, maltrato animal, aplicación de la eutanasia e inclusión social. Esta diversidad temática es una muestra evidente que observar una situación problemática, identificar con precisión cuál es la pregunta de investigación y cuál es el camino para obtener una respuesta que aporte a la solución o a la generación de nuevo conocimiento es vital para la formación de cualquier profesional en cualquier área de conocimiento.

Falar da atuação do Profissional de Educação Física no SUS para mim é um prazer e um dever. PRAZER porque é bom falar daquilo que gostamos e o DEVER onde me cabe apontar, fiscalizar e promover as ações e dar visibilidade a nossa profissão da melhor maneira possível. Ver o quanto podemos fazer na saúde pública e não ter isso registrado, formalizado, foi pra mim a mola propulsora para organizar esse e-book. Confesso que desde o princípio sabia que ia dar certo. Quando comecei a entrar em contato com os colegas de outros estados, pude sentir em suas vozes a certeza de que queiram a mesma coisa que eu, ou seja, dar vazão aquilo que realizavam no SUS, mas que não tinha a sua valorização, o seu reconhecimento. Não acordamos em busca de reconhecimento, mas sim, merecimento. Merecemos ser valorizados, merecemos ser lembrados, merecemos ter o nosso espaço definido dentro de tantos outros já consolidados. Foi com imensa alegria que recebi os aceites dos colegas e assim organizando essa bela coletânea de relatos de experiência, em formato digital, intitulado de COGITO ERGO “SUS”: RELATOS DE EXPERIÊNCIAS DE PROFISSIONAIS DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NO SUS. “ Esse título nos remete a expressão latina “cogito ergo sum” que significa “Penso, logo sou”. A inclusão da palavra SUS nesta expressão para mim tem o valor notório que pensamos em SUS em todas as nossas ações sendo estas realizadas nos cenários de práticas, nos territórios sanitários ou qualquer outro espaço de saúde pública, na certeza de que promoveremos saúde e qualidade de vida a todos os usuários do sistema público de saúde. Este livro digital, escrito por mãos de especialistas, oferece um forte diferencial de relatos de experiencia na atuação de Profissionais de Educação Física no SUS. Os colaboradores deste livro digital apresentam um olhar direcionado para o lado humano, enxergando inúmeras perspectivas e caminhos a serem seguidos na direção da formação integral e investindo no potencial que cada um traz consigo, na intenção de se desenvolver, evoluir e transpor os seus limites, a fim de conquistar seus lugares na sociedade e vivenciar experiências longe de padrões adotados cultural e historicamente, que muitas vezes desconsideram o real significado de humanidade. Estes profissionais, e eu me incluo neste grupo, acreditam e lutam por uma sociedade inclusiva com práticas que envolvem a equidade e o respeito por toda a diversidade. Sendo assim, o ebook está regionalizado, proporcionado dessa forma uma viagem de norte a sul do país, do Caburai/RR ao Chuí/RS, com textos de fácil leitura e repleto de intencionalidades durante as diversas práticas corporais e intervenções proporcionadas aos usuários do sistema, comumente chamados os pacientes do SUS. Na região norte pudemos perceber o quanto o regionalismo está presente, principalmente nas nomenclaturas dos territórios de saúde. Na região nordeste, considerada a região com maior número de estados, num total de 9 estados, colabora com relatos de experiencias inigualáveis, começando desde os Programas de Residências, até a atuação cega, mas altamente segura das equipes de NASF-AP. Digo cega pois temos normas a seguirem, porém não temos modelos a quem nos espelhar, o que faz de cada equipe de NASF-AP o seu próprio modelo a seguir, atestando a máxima de que “não importa se está certo ou errado, o que vale é o que está combinado”. Descendo o mapa e parando no coração do Brasilllllll, chegamos à região centrooeste, região que me deixa extremamente a vontade em parafrasear Manoel... (colocar uma fala dele), considerado um ícone da cultura pantaneira, fauna e flora abundante e que reflete nas práticas corporais dessa região, diversas sensações e experiencias inigualáveis. Ter contato com ações realizadas na capital federal não é para qualquer um. Região Sudeste... uma megalópole reunida em 4 estados, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais e Espirito Santo. Linha de passagem para quem sobe ou para quem desce na geografia brasileira. Uma mistura de povos e culturas expressas em relatos técnicos-científicos. E por fim, região sul, a minha região. Nascido no Paraná, mas transitando entre os outros 2 estados, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul, poderemos experimentar relatos típicos da região, mas também intervenções profissionais pontuais na promoção da saúde e qualidade de vida, em meio a pandemia. Ah, já ia me esquecendo desse tal COVID-19, uma mudança radical na dinâmica de trabalho, mas que não nos desanimou de forma alguma, promovendo saúde e qualidade de vida via redes sociais. O SUS não pode parar, não é! De uma forma ou de outra, soubemos manter a saúde física e mental em meio a esta pandemia, na certeza de que os nossos usuários precisariam bem mais de nós neste momento tão inseguro. Utilizo uma frase que cabe bem no momento que estamos vivendo: “Do pouco que fazemos, pode ser muito para eles (usuários)”. Uma leitura rica e agradável, na expectativa de que esse time de sucesso possa oferecer com amor e competência dados que qualificam e validam a atuação do Profissional de Educação Física na saúde pública brasileira. Sou do SUS... Vivo o SUS...