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Cabrera, Joseph Fredrick. "Planning Social Capital: New Uranism in the Formation of Social Interaction, Social Connection, and Community Satisfaction." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195360.
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Over the past fifty or so years there has been a well examined decline in socialconnections and many other facets of American communities (Fischer 1982; Putnam2000; Freeman 2001; McPherson, Smith-Lovin, & Brashears 2006; Dunham-Jones &Williamson 2009). New urbanism has been proposed as a tool to reverse some of thissocial decline in communities. This study seeks to understand the possible socialconnective benefits of new urbanism in a number of ways. First, a new urbanistcommunity is compared to a similar adjacent community that also happens to betraditional suburban community. The study examines differences between the twocommunities in terms of social connections, social interactions, and communitysatisfaction. Second, the study examines individual design elements of new urbanism to understand their relationships with social interactions and social connections. This study also examines community cohesion in terms of diverse social interactions and bridging ties. Previous studies suggest that bridging ties are more likely to be formed between persons who are connected with weaker social bonds (Granovetter, 1973) as well as persons who interact through spontaneous rather than planned forms of social interaction (Molm, Collett, & Schaefer 2007). Lastly, this study seeks to understand if any of the new urbanist design strategies examined are related to bridging ties. The findings of this study suggested that new urbanist communities do have more social interactions, social connections, and community satisfaction than do traditional suburban communities. The findings also suggested that four new urbanist design strategies: porches, community meetings, and mixed-use zoning are positively related to social interactions and social connections. Moreover, findings suggested that persons connected by weaker social bonds are indeed more likely to have bridging ties, however, they did not support the idea that persons who have more spontaneous interactions will also be more likely to have bridging ties. Lastly, the findings indicated that of all the new urbanist design strategies, only the neighborhood business center was positively related to bridging ties. Conversely, a negative relationship was found between resident's who use their porches and bridging ties.
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Gheitasy, Ali. "Socio-technical gaps and social capital formation in Online Collaborative Consumption communities." Thesis, University of West London, 2017. https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/3835/.
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Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) are transforming social activities and interactions which are naturally varied and dynamic. In this process, ‘gaps’ develop between the technologies and emerging social requirements. Given that the main challenge for Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) is to identify and ameliorate these socio-technical gaps, it is essential to understand how individuals work and collaborate in groups, societies, and communities. The main question addressed in this study regards the identification of these gaps in the social activities of Online Collaborative Consumption (OCC). The intention is to improve user experience and design requirements to support OCC at the socio-technical design level. OCC facilitates sharing, swapping, trading, or renting products, services, and resources, via the computer-mediated interactions. Etsy, an online marketplace and community for handmade and craft goods, is the focus of this study as a community in which OCC takes place. The evaluation of online communities by using an ethnographic approach is an equally important question which this study investigates. Due to a lack of standard methods, a new combined methodological approach is proposed in this research (Predictive ethnography) and it was used in evaluation of collaborative communities to investigate the socio-technical gaps. In this approach, online ethnography complemented predictive evaluation with the aid of heuristics including sociability, usability, and user experience (UX) items. These heuristics were drawn from previous literature as the success factors for the online communities. The textual interactions from discussions of the forum and teams on Etsy that were related to these heuristics were collected and coded. Over 1000 posts from 178 threads were collected. Their frequencies were measured to demonstrate their importance, and further ethnography helped the researcher in qualitative analysis and meaning making of the textual interactions. The subsidiary question this research aims to answer is how social capital is developed in the OCC communities. Social capital is utilised as a tool to enhance the understanding of the socio-technical requirements of OCC communities and to improve the process of social capital generation. The same above-mentioned methodological approach (Predictive ethnography) was applied with the heuristics replaced by social capital measures. Over 9500 posts collected from 97 threads from the textual discussions of different Etsy teams. This study investigates the social capital formation in different types of teams such as topic-based ones that are created based on the common interest topics, and location-based ones that are created based on the shared locations of the members. In the topic-based teams, a significant amount of knowledge sharing and intellectual capital was observed. In location-based teams, most interactions were within social interactions and relational capital. The new method proposed in this research has shown its effectiveness in gaining insight from the natural discussions of the members. In total, 33 socio-technical gaps were identified and presented with possible recommendations. The most significant gaps concerned: Trust creation features; relevant rules of behaviour; clear displayed policies; and social presence tools.
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Shideler, David W. "Individual social captial: an analysis of factors influencing investment." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1121956017.
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Sausman, Christopher. "Social capital formation in global value chains : evidence from Peru's Alternative Development Program." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/54549/.
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Social capital is a rich topic in the development literature. Despite this, there is an incomplete understanding of how social capital is formed when placed within the enabling or constraining structure of Global Value Chains. While governance of Global Value Chains is well understood as a powerful force that shapes the participation of farmers, the literature to date has not effectively explored the extent to which governance may shape participation among farmers. The aim of this thesis is to explore how, if at all, governance shapes the formation of two types of farmers' social capital: structural and cognitive. Within the context of Peru's Alternative Development Program, where there is a purposeful effort to develop the social capital of farmers, qualitative research was conducted on two case study Global Value Chains: cacao and palm oil. Interviews were conducted with stakeholders across the Global Value Chain, from farmers and collective organisations to exporters and importers. The case studies revealed that governance can be an enabler of structural social capital formation, but its role is shaped by the institutional context and existing attitudes towards social structure. Governance can be an enabler or barrier to cognitive social capital formation, depending on the nature of the governing relationship between buyer and supplier. To date, the literature on social capital formation has typically focused on factors internal to a collective group. The findings in the thesis shed light on the role of exogenous structures on the formation of social capital.
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Singh, Abhijeet. "Essays on human capital formation in developing countries." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:25d55dd1-464e-497b-952c-5b456036dc5d.
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This thesis consists of a short introduction and three self-contained analytical chapters. Chapter 1 focuses on the question of learning gaps and divergence in achievement across countries. I use unique child-level panel data from Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam to ask at what ages do gaps between different populations emerge, how they increase or decline over time, and what the proximate determinants of this divergence are. I document that learning gaps between the four countries are already evident at the age of 5 years and grow throughout the age trajectory of children, preserving country ranks from 5 to 15 years of age. At primary school age, the divergence between Vietnam and the other countries is largely accounted for by substantially greater learning gains per year of schooling. Chapter 2 focuses on learning differences between private and government school students in India. I present the first value-added models of learning production in private and government schools in this context, using panel data from Andhra Pradesh. I examine the heterogeneity in private school value-added across different subjects, urban and rural areas, medium of instruction, and across age groups. Further, I also estimate private school effects on children's self-efficacy and agency. I find modest or insignificant causal effects of attending private schools in most test domains other than English and on children's academic self-concept and agency. Results on comparable test domains and age groups correspond closely with, and further extend, estimates from a parallel experimental evaluation. Chapter 3 uses panel data from the state of Andhra Pradesh in India to estimate the impact of the introduction of a national midday meal program on anthropometric z-scores of primary school students, and investigates whether the program ameliorated the deterioration of health in young children caused by a severe drought. Correcting for self-selection into the program using a non-linearity in how age affects the probability of enrollment, we find that the program acted as a safety net for children, providing large and significant health gains for children whose families suffered from drought.
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Green, Melanie C. "Choice of real versus ersatz social interactions in the formation of social capital : laboratory and longitudinal approaches /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488203552777426.
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Lecoutre, Marc. "Capital social, école et entreprises sur le marché du travail." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719714.
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Dans le champ de la sociologie économique, nous appliquons la perspective de l'encastrement social selon Granovetter (1985) à l'étude des processus concrets d'accès à l'emploi des jeunes en début de carrière professionnelle. Des travaux nord-américains récents affirment l'importance du capital social dans les mobilités professionnelles individuelles. Dans le domaine des formations professionnelles, les enseignants peuvent nouer des liens avec le personnel des entreprises, intervenant au plan pédagogique dans leur dispositif de formation ou accueillant des élèves en stage. L'objectif est de montrer que, dans ce cas, un capital social collectif apparaît à la jonction école-entreprise, facilitant le passage des élèves de l'école vers l'emploi. Trois types d'acteurs constituent le système d'action organisé appuyé sur le dispositif de formation et produisant le capital social : les élèves développent des liens porteurs d'embauche, les employeurs cherchent des candidats ; le responsable du dispositif de formation, adoptant une convention " professionnelle ", ie congruente avec celle du milieu de travail visé, place ses élèves et occupe une niche sociale organisant la coopération entre les différents acteurs et préservant de la concurrence. Cette fonction, qualifiée d'articulateur formation-emploi, est analysée à trois niveaux individuel, structurel et organisationnel. Des données empiriques d'une enquête auprès d'employeurs, de l'enquête Emploi et d'enquêtes longitudinales du Céreq sont mobilisées. Une étude de terrain est réalisée dans le secteur culturel sur cinq formations de 3ème cycle en administration et gestion en France.
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Arthi, Vellore. "Human capital formation and the American Dust Bowl." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ea2309bd-57fd-463b-ac40-a1c2af870b1f.
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I use variation in childhood exposure to the Dust Bowl, an environmental shock to health and income, as a natural experiment to explain variation in adult human capital. I also examine a variety of mechanisms by which the Dust Bowl influenced later-life wellbeing, and investigate the scope for recovery from this early-life shock. I find that exposure to the Dust Bowl in childhood has statistically significant and economically meaningful adverse impacts on later-life outcomes, for instance, increasing disability and reducing fertility and college completion. These results hold even after accounting for the possibly confounding effects of the Great Depression, migration, and selective fertility or mortality. The effects I find are more severe for those born in agricultural states, suggesting that the Dust Bowl was most damaging via the destruction of agricultural livelihoods. This collapse of farm incomes, however, had the positive effect of increasing high school completion amongst the exposed, likely by reducing the demand for child farm labor where such labor was not essential to production, and thus decreasing the opportunity costs of secondary schooling; in this outcome, unlike in college completion, family income and student ability were irrelevant. Many of the worst adverse effects are found amongst those exposed prenatally and in early childhood, suggesting that congenital complications in capability development, together with low parental incomes in utero and thereafter, may be to blame for such later-life disadvantage. Together, these findings imply that the Dust Bowl acted largely "indirectly," as an economic shock that in turn affected in utero and early-life conditions, rather than "directly," through personal exposure (e.g. dust inhalation) in childhood. Lastly, results - particularly those on New Deal expenditure - imply both that remediation from early-life disaster is possible under the right circumstances, and that post-shock investment may have compensated for rather than reinforced damage to child endowments. The findings in this study are consistent with a multi-stage model of human capability formation, in which investments in one period respond to endowments in a previous one, and may either reinforce or compensate for these endowments.
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Himes, Jeffrey J. "Generational factors and resource availability a study of the key components of social capital formation /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2193.
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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 108 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-69).
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Smith, Marcus L. "Effects of Race, Class, and Social Capital on the Formation of Aspirations among High School Students." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1307322265.
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Boonshoft, Mark. "Creating a `Civilized Nation’: Religion, Social Capital, and the Cultural Foundations of Early American State Formation." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429781475.
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Jaunay, André. "Capital social et entrepreneuriat. Contribution des dispositifs d’appui à l’entrepreneuriat à la constitution du capital social des créateurs d’entreprises à fort potentiel." Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090051.
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Nous étudions les capacités de divers dispositifs d’appui aux créations d’entreprise à fort potentiel de développement à répondre aux besoins de capital social des créateurs. Ces besoins sont nombreux et évolutifs. Ils varient sensiblement selon les caractéristiques sociales des entrepreneurs.Nous testons l’hypothèse selon laquelle les dispositifs qui sont, d’après Richez- Battesti (2005), « encastrés », ont une capacité supérieure à celle des dispositifs qui ne le sont pas à apporter à ces créateurs d’entreprises les contacts et ressources diversifiés qui leur sont nécessaires.Notre étude infirme cette hypothèse : l’encastrement des dispositifs n’est pas déterminant. En effet, le facteur essentiel est la personnalité de l’entrepreneur. L’environnement « propose, l’entrepreneur dispose ». Cependant, nous mettons en évidence le fait que certaines caractéristiques de ces dispositifs jouent un rôle significatif pour cet accès au capital social.Ce résultat permet de conclure à la possibilité de traiter, par des politiques publiques spécifiques, par certains types d’outils et certains apprentissages de l’entrepreneur, les difficultés et inégalités d’accès au capital socialWe study the ability of the various devices supporting new companies to satisfy entrepreneurs’ needs regarding social capital. These needs are critical and evolving, and vary significantly depending on the social characteristics of the entrepreneur. We test the hypothesis that the support organizations that Richez- Battesti (2005) call “embedded” have a higher capacity than non-embedded ones do.Our study does not confirm this hypothesis: the embedding of support mechanisms is not determinative. Instead, the crucial factor is the entrepreneur’s personality. The environment proposes, whereas the entrepreneur chooses.However, we demonstrate that some features of these devices are critical. The results allow for us to conclude that certain public policies, devices and learning processes related to entrepreneurs can have an impact on both the constitution of social capital and the inequalities in social capital
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Casey, Cristyn. "The Colombian migration to South Florida: the effect of social capital on the formation of immigrant communities." FIU Digital Commons, 2002. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2023.
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The purpose of this study was to examine formal and informal networks within the South Florida Colombian community. The qualitative, ethnographic study used research from personal interviews, focus groups, and observations, placed within a theoretical framework based predominantly on Putnam’s conceptualization of social capital, as well as previous research on immigrant and Colombian communities. The resulting analysis focused on Colombian immigrant solidarity and social capital in South Florida, examining the role of the context of reception and the effects of social structures on levels of trust and reciprocity.
The results showed that a non-receptive immigration policy, socio-economic differentiation in migration waves, and spatial fragmentation within the receiving community, hinder community-building. There were incipient signs of civic engagement, yet Colombian leadership as well as individual Colombians perceived that the community lacked solidarity. Both formal and informal networks are best characterized as fragmented and guided by pre-existing social structures. The findings showed that a unique context of arrival and low levels of social capital have challenged Colombian immigrants’ ability to create the type of community cohesion that would facilitate their transition to life in South Florida.
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Outhwaite, Deborah Emily. "Educational leadership in the International Baccalaureate : critical reflections on modern elite formation and social differentiation." Thesis, University of Derby, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/621613.
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This thesis has focussed on the International Baccalaureate’s Diploma Programme (IBDP). This focus arose from the author having worked in three centres which had subsequently gone on to adopt the IBDP, and which had thus given the author access to an initial purposive sample. This sample was later extended to include another five schools/colleges, as the author found that the initial interviewing sample had yielded inconclusive findings. The extended sample, however, provided a significantly rich source of qualitative data. This thesis examines leadership, and how leaders choose to implement non-mandatory curricula choices in schools and colleges. It also addresses whether leaders believe that these choices make differences to their students’ life chances through social mobility. This thesis investigates what happens when leaders can no longer afford to offer such choices to their students: how this makes them ‘feel’, and what they have ‘experienced’, through the removal of a curriculum option for educationalists and learners alike. It also addresses how leaders ‘feel’ when their students maintain access to curricula choices that other post-16 students are unable to access. The thesis also considers the development and extension of ‘a globally mobile transnational elite’ group (Savage et al, 2015: 244), and the leaders in education who deliver and extend this position. There have been eight phases to this research process, including four strands of data collection, with post-16 students, middle tier staff, HEI students, and Senior Leadership Teams in providing institutions, but the determining focus is with the SLTs interviews (N=28), conducted in 2014 and 2015. These were the individuals who had taken the decisions on the implementation of this non-mandatory curriculum area. The thesis analyzes some of the current areas of ‘distinction’ (Bourdieu, 1986) on independent schooling, and the research process demonstrates the significant gaps that are opening up between more traditional upper middle class groups in contrast with more adept transnational students and their parents. The thesis confirms that a global transnational elite exists inside the English education system, and that it uses the IBDP extensively to establish its separate cultural identity. It identifies ways of access to HEIs that are now a critical part of that cultural entity, as discussed by Savage et al (2015). This thesis is therefore an indicator of new and emerging forms of social differentiation, and examines how this is created using the IBDP. At a time of decreasing social mobility for the mainstream population, the thesis explores whether education environments are able to influence either their students or the wider education policy agenda, in order to actively achieve social justice.
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Haudiquet, Agathe. "La formation juridique des travailleurs sociaux." Lille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIL12002.
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Nous avons cherché à démontrer que les travailleurs remplissent effectivement des activités juridiques. Malgré cela, ils ne sont pas reconnus comme des acteurs juridiques à part entière, la transversalité de ces activités favorisant cette non reconnaissance. Nous nous sommes interrogée sur les besoins de formation juridique. Il nous a paru important, pour les définir dialectiquement, de partir de la position sociale des travailleurs sociaux, en déterminant leur capital juridique, et du contexte socio-économique dans lequel ils exercent leurs activités juridiques, Cette analyse des besoins a permis d'élaborer un idéal-type de formation juridique, ancré dans les objectifs pédagogiques et dans les modes de travail pédagogique. Nous nous sommes appuyée sur ce référent pour évaluer la formation juridique telle qu'elle existe. L'évaluation a mis en évidence des écarts et a conduit au constat que la formation juridique actuelle des travailleurs sociaux est partiellement inadaptée.
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Augustin, Tomke Jerena [Verfasser], and Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Pudelko. "Multicultural and Multilingual Employees : Bridging Activities, Cognitive Schemas, and Social Capital Formation / Tomke Jerena Augustin ; Betreuer: Markus Pudelko." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1210484188/34.
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Villa, Lora Juan. "Exit conditions in social assistance programmes : evidence from conditional cash transfers." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/exit-conditions-in-social-assistance-programmes-evidence-from-conditional-cash-transfers(dd7f8f80-8e11-4652-a49e-c01d8dd93067).html.
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Social assistance programmes (SAPs), understood as non-contributory transfers aimed at ad-dressing poverty, have spread in developing countries since the late 1990s. National govern-ments in Latin America have sought to extend the coverage of SAPs through human devel-opment conditional cash transfer programmes (CCTs). CCTs share several implementation features. First, they employ targeting and selection methods based on means, and proxy means, tests. Research on targeting and selection methods has evolved hand in hand with the adoption of CCTs in Latin America, Africa and South East Asia. Second, CCTs involve the provision of cash transfers directly to households, but with conditions attached to human development objectives. Transfers are given to households in poverty contingent on investment in the human capital formation of their children. A third feature relates to the presence of programme exit conditions. To date, scarce research is available on the design and outcomes associated with exit condi-tions from CCTs. This thesis thus contributes to the literature in the implementation of SAPs by providing a critical examination of exit conditions in SAPs with specific emphasis on CCTs. The thesis provides a systematic theoretical and empirical analysis of the role of exit conditions in the implementation of CCTs. The thesis develops and tests two basic principles underlying the role of exit conditions. First, the exhausted-effectiveness principle suggests that the effectiveness of a CCT varies over time. The research reported in this examines the effectiveness of programme over time with the aim of identifying potential thresholds after which a given SAP's effectiveness de-clines. A two-period child human capital investment model is developed to study analytically the conditions in which programme effectiveness varies over time. This is examined empirically in order to demonstrate the existence of the time-varying effectiveness associated with the implementation of the Colombia's CCT, Familias en Accion. A continuous treatment effect model is estimated following Hirano and Imbens (2004), in which the length of exposure allows for the graphical analysis of dose-response functions. The results indicate that the design of SAPs must take account of time-varying effectiveness. Second, a principle of the non-recurrence of poverty states that beneficiaries should be able to exit an effective programme when two conditions apply: (i) they are not in poverty; and (ii) they face a low probability of becoming poor in the near future. This principle acknowledges the implications of poverty dynamics for the implementation of SAPs with a particular focus on exit conditions. This thesis characterises the poverty dynamics of beneficiary households through the estimation of a Markovian poverty transition model using data from the Familias en Accion programme. The findings from the empirical work suggest that programme participation should not end when households are non-poor, but attention must be paid to probabilities of recurrence, in order to secure non-recurrence in the near future. Taken together, the exhausted-effectiveness principle interacts with the non-recurrence of poverty principle in the sense that the first sets a maximum length of exposure to the intervention, while the second determines minimum levels of exposure.
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Burkhardt, Kirsten. "Le rôle des sociétés de capital-investissement dans la formation d'alliances stratégiques." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOE009/document.
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Ce travail analyse le rôle des sociétés de capital-investissement dans la formation d’alliances stratégiques sur le marché français du capital-investissement. Après nous être fait une idée de l’importance du phénomène à l’aide des informations nouvelles que nous avons générées par notre propre enquête, nous apportons une explication au phénomène observé. L’analyse théorique se fait sous l’angle de la création de valeur actionnariale, en recourant conjointement aux théories contractuelles et cognitives. Les théories sociologiques des réseaux viennent compléter les principaux arguments de ces deux cadres théoriques. Le modèle explicatif qui en découle est ensuite mis à l’épreuve empirique à l’aide d’une étude multi-méthodes à visée infirmationniste, combinant une analyse économétrique et une étude de cas multiples. Nos résultats permettent de conclure que les sociétés françaises de capital-investissement jouent un rôle tant intentionnel que non intentionnel dans la formation d’alliances stratégiques pour leurs participations. Ces rôles mettent en avant une intervention tant passive qu’active des sociétés françaises de capital-investissement. Bien que l’argumentation cognitive trouve, dans son ensemble, plus de support que l’argumentation contractuelle, l’analyse fait ressortir l’intérêt de recourir à une utilisation conjointe des théories contractuelles et cognitives qui se révèlent complémentairesThis research analyses the role of Private Equity firms in the formation of strategic alliances within the field of the French Private Equity market. We start to provide evidence of its importance from new survey information, before offering an explanation of the organizational phenomenon. The study addresses the questions of how and why Private Equity firms act as relational intermediaries to help their portfolio companies form alliances. Both questions are investigated in the light of the Private Equity firms’ contribution to the value creation process that comes with alliance formation. Answers are provided by means of three jointly used theoretical frameworks: (1) mainstream theories (transaction cost theory and the positive theory of agency); (2) the knowledge based view; and 3) social network theories to complement the resulting from jointly use of the previous two theories. The theoretical construct is then tested empirically by means of a multi-method study with explanatory design, based on the pattern of joint evidence from both statistical tests and a multiple case study. Results show that French Private Equity firms do play a role in alliance formation. This role can be intentional as well as non-intentional. Furthermore, although arguments from the knowledge-based perspective finds more support in explaining this behavior than from the mainstream theories, our study highlights the benefits of the joint use of these theories and the complementary nature of them to better explaining the phenomenon as a whole
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Roman, Castillo Ruth Esperanza. "La formation du capital social organisationnel au sein de la très petite entreprise technologique : signaux d'opportunité et de menace." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUED011.
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Dans cette recherche, le capital social organisationnel (CSO) est conçu comme une compétence organisationnelle déterminée par la convergence de trois actifs relationnels (l’orientation vers des objectifs collectifs, la confiance mutuelle et les valeurs partagées). Cette compétence permet à l’entreprise qui le détient de coordonner ses activités de coopérer pour le bénéfice mutuel et l’augmentation de la performance. Cinq études de cas de très petites entreprises technologiques (TPET) ont été menées afin de répondre à notre question de recherche : Comment la notion de CSO peut-elle être opérationnalisée pour mieux la comprendre et la gérer ? De la phase empirique de notre recherche découlent les résultats suivants. D’abord, un modèle d’analyse de la formation du CSO représente graphiquement l’approche d’analyse multi-niveaux adoptée (individuel, d’équipe et organisationnel). Deuxièmement, à l’aide d’un ensemble de signaux d’opportunité, nous avons identifié l’intervention de trois actifs relationnels et de six variables déterminantes dans la formation du CSO, par ailleurs cet exercice nous a permis aussi d’établir le rôle des variables participant à ce processus. Troisièmement, le recensement d’un ensemble de signaux de menace ou d’alerte a été effectué. Les signaux de cet ensemble peuvent indiquer aux chefs et aux membres des entreprises la présence d’attitudes, de comportements et/ou de décisions qui peuvent empêcher la formation ou même détruire le CSO. Une réflexion sur les nuances de la formation du CSO découlant de certaines variations de caractéristiques des TPET étudiées, ainsi qu’une argumentation des particularités de la TPET concernant la formation du CSO complémentent nos analysesIn this research, the Organizational Social Capital (OSC) is understood like an organizational competence determined by the convergence of three relational assets; orientation towards collective goals, mutual trust, and shared values. This competence allows enterprises to coordinate themselves and cooperate for mutual benefit and the increasing of performance. Five case studies of Very Small Technology-based Enterprises (VSTE) were developed to answer our research question: How to operationalize the notion of OSC for its better understanding and management? The following results were obtained from the empiric phase of this research. First, a multilevel model of analysis of the formation of OSC, which shows graphically the adoption of three levels of analysis (individual, in teams and organizational). Second, a set of opportunity signals, which allowed us to identify the presence and to characterize the role of six determining variables and three relational assets in the formation of OSC. Third, a parallel set of threat signals, or alert signals, was constituted, and it could be used to warn directors or members of organizations about the presence of attitudes, behaviors or decisions which destroy the OSC or avoid its formation. Finally, our analyses are complemented by a reflection about the nuances of OSC formation produced by some variations in the characteristics of studied VSTE, as well as by an argumentation of particularities of VSTE concerning the formation of OSC
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Tucker, Eric. "Towards a more rigorous scientific approach to social measurement: An empirical and methodological enquiry into the development of grounded indicators of social capital formation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491066.
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Coudel, Emilie. "Formation et apprentissages pour le développement territorial : regards croisés entre économie de la connaissance et sciences de gestion. Réflexion à partir d'une expérience d'Université Paysanne au Brésil." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale superieure agronomique de montpellier - AGRO M, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00371589.
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Alors que la participation de la société civile aux politiques publiques devient l'objet de nombreuses études, la capacité réelle des acteurs à prendre part à ces processus est rarement abordée. A partir d'une expérience de formation originale, une Université Paysanne qui s'est déroulée dans le Nordeste du Brésil de 2003 à 2006, cette thèse propose de mener une réflexion sur la manière d'accompagner des acteurs pour qu'ils s'insèrent dans la gouvernance territoriale. Notre hypothèse centrale est que pour avoir un impact sur le développement territorial, un processus d'accompagnement doit se préoccuper de renforcer à la fois le capital humain, le capital social et le capital institutionnel des acteurs impliqués. Pour évaluer cette diversité d'apprentissages, nous avons été amenés à développer une méthodologie spécifique, combinant entretiens, diagramme d'évaluation des compétences, cartes cognitives des réseaux d'insertion et jeu de cartes des représentations du développement agricole. Ces différentes méthodes nous ont permis de mesurer de manière précise certains apprentissages réalisés. Les résultats ont été mis en perspective grâce à un suivi pendant près de deux ans des activités des étudiants et notamment des actions conduites par leur association. Nous montrons que les principes guidant la formation ont débouché sur une réelle co-construction de connaissances adaptées au territoire. Par ailleurs, les relations de proximité développées pendant la formation ont permis la constitution d'un réseau territorial d'acteurs variés partageant une vision commune pour le développement de leur territoire. Cependant, bien que l'association des étudiants ait émergé comme un acteur important du développement territorial, il serait nécessaire de réfléchir dans de futures formations à la manière de mieux renforcer le capital institutionnel des étudiants, notamment en développant les partenariats avec d'autres organisations du territoire.
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Taghlobi, Mohamad. "Interaction entre capital humain et émigration : le cas du Liban." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00753502.
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Cette thèse travail s'articule autour des deux phénomènes : le capital humain et la migrationdes qualifiés. Les arguments consolidant le choix de cette interaction tiennent d'une part au constat selonlequel le capital humain constitue pour le Liban la seule matière première parce qu'il nedispose pas de ressources naturelles ni d'autres matières premières pouvant favoriser sondéveloppement; et d'autre part à la fatalité d'émigrer en l'absence de débouchés.La thèse est composée de trois parties. Dans la première partie, sont extraits de l'abondantelittérature les principaux traits liés au capital humain tels que son apport à l'accroissement ducapital et de la production de long terme et donc à la croissance du pays considéré; sont étayéspar la suite les motivations de la fuite des cerveaux et leurs effets sur les pays de départ(développé) et d'accueil (sous développé).La deuxième partie est destinée à décrire dans l'économie libanaise, les facteurs de générationdu capital, les niveaux d'emploi des qualifiés et l'émigration des qualifiés.La troisième partie est consacrée au modèle qui combine ces deux phénomènes en vue demettre en relief leur interaction. Ce modèle s'inscrit dans le cadre des travaux traitant dudrainage des cerveaux à l'aide d'une économie à générations imbriquées où sont représentésles choix des consommateurs et ceux du producteur, il met l'accent sur la divergence d'intérêt,vis à vis des migrants qualifiés, entre les pays source d'émigration et les pays d'accueil.Ce modèle a le mérite de relier les effets micro-économiques caractérisés par un choixindividuel de se former et/ou de migrer aux conséquences macro-économiques du mouvementmigratoire qui en résultent en analysant les revenus des agents, leur niveau d'emploi, le stockde capital et la production de long terme, et le bien être collectif.La résolution du modèle donne la quantité optimale de cette migration sélective. Cettequantité est explicitée pour les pays de départ et d'accueil dans une optique de long termeselon des situations de concurrence pure et parfaite et de syndicalisation des qualifiés. Les résultats numériques obtenus confirment clairement le constat suivant : les pays d'accueilreceveur d'immigrants qualifiés en bénéficie nettement, tandis que le pays source convoyeurd'émigrants se soumet à une ponction de l'un de ses facteurs les plus productifs. Ces résultatspermettent en outre de dresser pour les deux pays un tableau comparatif des salaires, desniveaux d'emploi, des biens être individuels et collectifs, du capital et du produit.Les différentes comparaisons établies des valeurs numériques laissent présager un moyend'action par le décideur politique du pays source d'émigration, en vue d'atténuer les effetsnéfastes de cette fuite des cerveaux. Ce moyen peut se réaliser, d'une part, grâce à despolitiques favorables à l'organisation des qualifiés au sein d'un groupe de pression ; et d'autrepart, en orientant l'émigration des qualifiés vers les pays dont l'économie est la plus libérale.
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Lima, Clêidna Aparecida de. "Saberes sociais e literatura: capital cultural nas tramas de A Caverna de José Saramago." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6510.
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This thesis, linked to the ‘Education, Labor and Social Movements’ line of research, in the Program of Graduate Studies in Education at the Federal University of Goiás, investigates, through bibliographic and documentary research in the field of studies involving Sociology of Literature and Human Formation, how sociocultural knowledge is constructed and exchanged in José Saramago’s The Cave (2000). The research question deals with the perpetuation of cultural capital in the constitution of social knowledge, in the light of Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological perspective on culture. The social field presented in the work under analysis highlights the constitution of sociocultural knowledge, created in the social framework of the novel’s plot. The research undertaken for this thesis points to a homology between literary art and social life as one of the many forms of knowledge and social awareness. In addition, literary discourse is effective in the social “struggle” as it deconstructs the mechanisms of domination in society, which overlap in the fields of cultural production, and allows for a “socioanalysis” of plural knowledge inherent to the humanizing formative process.
Esta tese, vinculada à Linha de Pesquisa Educação, Trabalho e Movimentos Sociais, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), no campo de estudos entre Sociologia da Literatura e Formação Humana, investiga, em caráter bibliográfico e documental, como se constituem e se intercambiam os saberes socioculturais na obra A Caverna, de José Saramago (2000). A problemática de estudo é a perpetuação de capitais culturais na constituição dos saberes sociais à luz da perspectiva sociológica da cultura em Pierre Bourdieu. Destaca-se, no campo social configurado na obra analisada, a constituição dos saberes socioculturais engendrados nos quadros sociais da trama romanesca. A pesquisa desenvolvida para esta tese aponta as homologias entre arte literária e vida social como uma das muitas formas de conhecimento e de consciência social. Além disso, o discurso literário evidencia eficácia no “combate” social ao desnaturalizar mecanismos de dominação na sociedade, imbricados nos campos de produção cultural e permite que se faça uma “socioanálise” dos saberes plurais inerentes ao processo formativo humanizador.
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Hippe, Ralph. "Human capital formation in Europe at the regional level : implications for economic growth." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997695.
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This thesis highlights the formation of human capital in the European regions and its implications for economic growth. It is characterised by its combined regional, long-term and European approach. To this end, I refer to Unified Growth Theory and New Economic Geography as the most important recent theoretical contributions and construct an unparalleled new and large database on regional human capital and other economic factors from numerous diverse sources. For the empirical analysis, spatial and GIS methods are employed in addition to standard econometric models. In this way, the thesis explores human capital formation in the regions of the European continent between 1790 and 2010. Moreover, it underlines the relationship between human capital proxies, the determinants of human capital and the long-run impact of human capital on economic growth.
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Zhelyazkov, Pavel. "The Contingent Effects of Prior Ties on Network Dynamics: Essays on the Formation and Dissolution of Interorganizational Relationships in the Venture Capital Industry." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467369.
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This dissertation comprises three empirical chapters that investigate the limits of prior interorganizational ties in explaining patterns of tie formation and tie dissolution of interorganizational relationships in the context of the venture capital (VC) industry.
Existing empirical work has demonstrated that two actors have an increased likelihood of forming a direct relationship if both are connected indirectly via ties to the same third party, in part due to the introductions and referrals provided by the shared partner. In contrast, I propose that indirect ties via third parties can either facilitate or hinder the formation of direct relationships depending on the information that the third party provides. The first two chapters substantiate this claim in two empirical settings. In the first chapter, I examine how the success or failure of a VC firm’s syndication affects the likelihood of securing funding from the Limited Partners of its syndication partners. In the second chapter (joint with Ranjay Gulati), I examine how a VC firm that has withdrawn from a syndicate is not only likely to be shunned in the future by its abandoned coinvestors, but is less likely to syndicate with third parties that are connected in some way to the abandoned coinvestors. In other words, withdrawals not only have dyadic repercussions, but have reputational consequences that ripple across interorganizational ties and have long-term implications on tie formation with third parties. Overall, those two chapters make the case that we cannot fully understand the effects of interorganizational ties on future tie formation without knowing the content of the information flowing through those ties.
Whereas the first two chapters focus on elucidating the role of prior ties in tie formation, the final chapter examines the effects of prior ties on tie dissolutions. Prior research has highlighted that a history of collaborative relationships between two parties—also known as embeddedness—creates relational capital that increases the costs of tie termination and thus reduces the likelihood that either of party will withdraw from the relationship. Different theories have conflicting predictions, however, as to how economic shocks affecting the collaboration will affect the stabilizing role of embeddedness. To resolve this puzzle, I differentiate between general performance shocks (which affect all collaborations in a given domain) from specific performance shocks (which apply only to the focal collaboration). Drawing on the idea that actors are more likely to discount ambiguous signals when they have the psychological motivation to do so, I propose that general performance shocks will increase, and specific performance shocks will attenuate, the effects of embeddedness on collaboration stability. I empirically verify my argument in the context of VC firm withdrawals from syndicates, and demonstrate how these effects are shaped by prior ties with the syndication partners, the valuations of the focal industry (i.e., the general performance signals), and the valuation of the focal portfolio company (i.e., specific performance signals). This third study highlights that while social factors are indeed important for predicting tie dissolutions, we can only truly appreciate their role in the context of the economic forces buffeting the collaboration.Organizational Behavior
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Benatti, Lucimara Perpétua dos Santos. "Trabalho docente em tempos de mundialização do capital um estudo no âmbito do Serviço Social: microrregional de São José do Rio Preto ABEPSS Sul II - 2012/2014." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2014. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/17683.
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Previous issue date: 2014-06-10Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The present thesis has like object of research the conditions of professor work in the Social Work: micro-region of São José do Rio Preto - ABEPSS South II (2012-2014), in order to understand the implications of the determinants of international organizations (BM and FMI), the reform of Brazilian University Education have on the professor work and the implications for the professional formation in Social Work. In this sense, has as its central hypothesis that these determinants define the precarious conditions of the professor in Social Work. In the theoretical point of view, we use the references defining the conceptual basis of the thesis concerning the work category in Marxian ontological sense, the capital globalization, the Neoliberal State and the politic of counter-reform of Higher Education in Brazil. And, in the Social Work authors references with publications on the aspect of the profession, formation professional and about the ABEPSS. The methodological procedures were quantitative-qualitative approach, by sending the questionnaire by e-mail and answered by 20 subjects (professor of social workers) and through semi-structured interviews with 09 teachers - 06 teachers are course coordinators of the UFAS microregional studied and 03 those acting on the Post-Graduate Programs and ABEPSS members, made by two different routes. We proceeded to transcription organization and analysis of meaningful content extracted from the interviews. The main results of the quantitative survey were that 30 % of teachers are without employment contracts - attesting to the precarious condition of the professor work; the size of the extension and research in most UFAS is incipient, prioritizing only the teaching, strengthening, so the dissociation between teaching, research and university extension; the participation of 40 % of the professors in the ABEPSS itinerant courses denotes a commitment to continuing professional education and to building strategies of struggle and resistance to the precarious conditions of professor work. However, the qualitative research showed that the bourgeois sociability can not remove speech and struggle of the professor interviewed, even under the determinations of the working world in the era of flexible accumulation, of the capital globalization
A presente Tese tem como objeto de pesquisa as condições do trabalho docente no âmbito do Serviço Social: microrregional de São José do Rio Preto ABEPSS Sul II (2012-2014), objetivando compreender as implicações que os determinantes dos organismos internacionais (BM e FMI), das Reformas da Educação Superior Brasileira têm sobre o trabalho docente e as implicações para a formação profissional em Serviço Social. Nesse sentido, apresenta como hipótese central que estes determinantes definem as condições precárias do trabalho docente no Serviço Social. Do ponto de vista teórico, utilizamos as referências bibliográficas definindo as bases conceituais da Tese referente à categoria trabalho em sentido ontológico marxiano, a mundialização do capital, o Estado Neoliberal e a Política de contrarreforma da Educação Superior no Brasil. E, no âmbito do Serviço Social, referências de autores com publicações sobre o aspecto da profissão, formação profissional e sobre a ABEPSS. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram de abordagem quanti-qualitativa, através do envio do questionário por meio eletrônico e respondido por 20 sujeitos (docentes assistentes sociais) e através de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com 09 docentes 06 docentes coordenadores de curso das UFAs da microrregional estudada e 03 destes com atuação nos Programas de Pós-Graduação e vinculados à ABEPSS, através de dois roteiros diferentes. Procedeu-se a transcrição, organização e a análise dos conteúdos significativos extraídos das entrevistas. Os principais resultados da pesquisa quantitativa foram que 30% dos docentes estão sem vínculos empregatícios atestando a precariedade da condição do trabalho docente; a dimensão da extensão e da pesquisa na maioria das UFAs é incipiente, priorizando-se apenas o ensino, reforçando, portanto a dissociabilidade entre ensino, pesquisa e extensão; a participação de 40% dos docentes no curso da ABEPSS Itinerante denota o comprometimento com a formação profissional continuada e com a construção de estratégias de luta e resistência às precárias condições do trabalho docente. Contudo, a pesquisa qualitativa apresentou que a sociabilidade burguesa não consegue destituir a fala e a luta dos docentes entrevistados, mesmo sob as determinações do mundo do trabalho na era da acumulação flexível, da mundialização do capital
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Fabre, Alice. "L'accumulation du capital humain sur le cycle de vie : éducation, formation et inégalités : Une étude dans le cadre du modèle à générations imbriquées." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX24011.
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Janiak, Alexandre. "Essais sur la mobilité géographique, sectorielle et intra-sectorielle en périodes de changement structurel : le rôle du capital humain, du capital social et de l'ouverture aux échanges." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210600.
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Résumé de la thèse d’Alexandre Janiak intitulée « Essais sur la mobilité géographique, sectorielle et intra-sectorielle en périodes de changement structurel »Le changement structurel est un processus nécessaire qui améliore considérablement les conditions de vie dans nos sociétés. Il peut découler par exemple de l'introduction de nouvelles avancées technologiques qui permettent d'augmenter à long terme la productivité agrégée dans nos économies. En retour, la hausse de la productivité a un impact sur notre consommation de tous les jours. Elle nous permet notamment de vivre dans un plus grand confort. Les individus peuvent alors s'épanouir dans leur ensemble. Il est évident que le changement structurel peut prendre d'autres formes que celle du changement technologique, mais il est souvent issu d'une transformation des forces qui influencent les marchés et en général aboutit à long terme à une amélioration du bien-être global.
Mais le changement structurel est aussi un processus douloureux. Il peut durer plusieurs décennies et, durant cette période, nous sommes beaucoup à devoir en supporter les coûts. Comme nous allons l'illustrer dans ce chapitre introductif, le changement structurel a pour conséquence une modification du rapport aux facteurs de production, ce qui alors mène à modifier l'ensemble des prix relatifs qui caractérisent une économie. En particulier, la modification des prix est due à une transformation des demandes relatives de facteurs. Ces derniers se révèlent alors inutiles à l'exécution de certaines tâches ou sont fortement demandés dans d'autres points de l'économie.
Souvent, le changement structurel entraîne alors un processus de réallocation. Des pans entiers de travailleurs doivent par conséquent se réallouer à d'autres tâches. Les lois du marché les incitent ainsi à devoir s'adapter à un nouveau contexte, mais elles le font pour un futur meilleur.
Cette thèse s'intéresse à cette problématique. Elle suppose que tout processus de changement structurel implique un mouvement de réallocation des facteurs de production, notamment des travailleurs puisqu'il s'agit d'une thèse en économie du travail, mais qu'un tel processus engendre souvent des coûts non négligeables. Elle se veut surtout positive, mais la nature des questions qu'elle pose mène naturellement à un débat normatif. Par exemple, elle cherche des réponses aux interrogations suivantes: comment s'ajuste une économie au changement structurel? Quelle est la nature des coûts associés au changement? Ces coûts peuvent-ils en excéder les gains? Le processus de réallocation en vaut-il vraiment la peine? Les gains issus d'un tel processus sont-ils distribués de manière égale?
La thèse est composée de quatre chapitres qui chacun considère l’impact d’un changement structurel particulier.
Le premier chapitre s’intéresse à l’impact de l’ouverture internationale aux échanges sur le niveau de l’emploi. Il s’appuie sur des travaux récents en économie internationale qui ont montré que la libéralisation du commerce mène à l’expansion des firmes les plus productives et à la destruction des entreprises dont la productivité est moins élevée. La raison de cette dichotomie est la présence d’un coût à l’entrée sur le marché des exports qui a été documentée par de nombreuses études. Certaines entreprises se développent suite à la libéralisation car elles ont accès à de nouveaux marchés et d’autres meurent car elles ne peuvent pas faire face aux entreprises les plus productives. Puisque le commerce crée à la fois des emplois et en détruit d’autres, ce chapitre a pour but de déterminer l’effet net de ce processus de réallocation sur le niveau agrégé de l’emploi.
Dans cette perspective, il présente un modèle avec firmes hétérogènes où pour exporter une entreprise doit payer un coût fixe, ce qui implique que seules les entreprises les plus productives peuvent entrer sur le marché international. Le modèle génère le processus de réallocation que l’ouverture au commerce international suppose. En effet, comme les entreprises les plus productives veulent exporter, elles vont donc embaucher plus de travailleurs, mais comme elles sont également capables de fixer des prix moins élevés et que les biens sont substituables, les entreprises les moins productives vont donc faire faillite. L’effet net sur l’emploi est négatif car les exportateurs ont à la marge moins d’incitants à embaucher des travailleurs du au comportement de concurrence monopolistique.
Le chapitre analyse également d’un point de vue empirique l’effet d’une ouverture au commerce au niveau sectoriel sur les flux d’emplois. Les résultats empiriques confirment ceux du modèle, c’est-à-dire qu’une hausse de l’ouverture au commerce génère plus de destructions que de créations d’emplois au niveau d’un secteur.
Le second chapitre considère un modèle similaire à celui du premier chapitre, mais se focalise plutôt sur l’effet du commerce en termes de bien-être. Il montre notamment que l’impact dépend en fait de la courbe de demande de travail agrégée. Si la courbe est croissante, l’effet est positif, alors qu’il est négatif si elle est décroissante.
Le troisième chapitre essaie de comprendre quels sont les déterminants de la mobilité géographique. Le but est notamment d’étudier le niveau du chômage en Europe. En effet, la littérature a souvent affirmé que la faible mobilité géographique du travail est un facteur de chômage lorsque les travailleurs sans emploi préfèrent rester dans leur région d’origine plutôt que d’aller prospecter dans les régions les plus dynamiques. Il semble donc rationnel pour ces individus de créer des liens sociaux locaux si ils anticipent qu’ils ne déménageront pas vers une autre région. De même, une fois le capital social local accumulé, les incitants à la mobilité sont réduits.
Le troisième chapitre illustre donc un modèle caractérisé par diverses complémentarités qui mènent à des équilibres multiples (un équilibre avec beaucoup de capital social local, peu de mobilité et un chômage élevé et un autre avec des caractéristiques opposées). Le modèle montre également que le capital social local est systématiquement négatif pour la mobilité et peut être négatif pour l’emploi, mais d’autres types de capital social peuvent en fait faire augmenter le niveau de l’emploi.
Dans ce troisième chapitre, une illustration empirique qui se base sur plusieurs mesures montre que le capital social est un facteur dominant d’immobilité. C’est aussi un facteur de chômage lorsque le capital social est clairement local, alors que d’autres types de capital social s’avèrent avoir un effet positif sur le taux d’emploi. Cette partie empirique illustre également la causalité inverse où des individus qui vivent dans une région qui ne correspond pas à leur région de naissance accumulent moins de capital social local, ce qui donne de la crédibilité à une théorie d’équilibres multiples.
Finalement, en observant que les individus dans le Sud de l’Europe semblent accumuler plus de capital social local, alors que dans le Nord de l’Europe on tend à investir dans des types plus généraux de capital social, nous suggérons qu’une partie du problème de chômage en Europe peut mieux se comprendre grâce au concept de capital social local.
Enfin, le quatrième chapitre s’intéresse à l’effet de la croissance économique sur la qualité des emplois. En particulier, il analyse le fait qu’un individu puisse avoir un emploi qui corresponde ou non à ses qualifications, ce qui, dans le contexte de ce chapitre, détermine s’il s’agit de bons ou mauvais emplois.
Ce chapitre se base sur deux mécanismes qui ont été largement abordés par la littérature. Le premier est le concept de « destruction créatrice » qui dit que la croissance détruit de nouveaux emplois car elle les rend obsolètes. Le second est le processus de « capitalisation » qui nous dit que la croissance va créer de nombreux emplois car les entreprises anticipent des profits plus élevés dans le futur.
Alors que des études récentes, suggèrent que la destruction créatrice ne permet pas d’expliquer le lien entre croissance et chômage, ce chapitre montre qu’un tel concept permet de mieux comprendre la relation entre croissance et qualité des emplois.
Avec des données issues du panel européen, nous illustrons que la corrélation entre croissance et qualité des emplois est positive. Nous présentons une série de trois modèles qui diffèrent de la manière suivante :(i) le fait de pouvoir chercher un emploi ou non alors qu’on en a déjà un, (ii) le fait pour une entreprise de pouvoir acquérir des équipements modernes. Les résultats suggèrent que pour expliquer l’effet de la croissance sur la qualité des emplois, la meilleure stratégie est une combinaison entre les effets dits de destruction créatrice et de capitalisation. Alors que le premier effet influence le taux de destruction des mauvais emplois, le second a un impact sur la mobilité du travail des mauvais vers les bons emplois.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
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Doré, Guichard. "Politique de formation professionnelle et d'emploi en Haïti : le cas du secteur du tourisme (1980-2010)." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00648788.
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L'étude sur la politique de formation professionnelle et d'emploi en Haïti met l'accent sur l‟industrie touristique en tenant compte des atouts et de la position géographique du pays. Inscrit dans la lignée théorique du capital humain de Becker G. et faisant le lien entre les problèmes de la formation et le faible niveau de développement, le travail explore les principaux freins matériels et immatériels agissant négativement sur le secteur touristique et subséquemment sur le développement socioéconomique du pays. Adoptant une approche inspirée de l‟analyse systémique de Mélèze J. complétée par l‟analyse stratégique de Crozier M. et de Friedberg E., l‟étude met en évidence les enjeux des acteurs dans le cadre des démarches visant à dynamiser l‟industrie du tourisme en Haïti. Les données de l'enquête et les entretiens réalisés avec des personnalités ayant travaillé dans les secteurs de la formation et du développement ont permis de constater que les moyens alloués au système national de formation professionnelle sont largement insuffisants pour répondre à la demande sociale de la formation. Il a été permis de constater aussi que l'offre publique de formation professionnelle est historiquement faible et géographiquement inégalitaire. Ce problème affecte le stock de capital humain dont le pays a besoin pour assurer son développement socioéconomique.Les efforts déployés au cours de ces dernières années en vue d'atténuer les effets dévastateurs des crises qu'a connues le pays n'ont pas été accompagnés de l'application d'une politique de formation professionnelle en appui aux secteurs dans lesquels on espérait avoir des investissements. Les données économiques de la région et le positionnement géographique du pays autorisent à penser qu'une politique de formation ambitieuse aurait pu remplir une fonction attractive dans les branches d'activité à haute valeur ajoutée demandant moins d'investissement dans lesquelles le pays a des avantages comparatifs, notamment le tourisme. L'étude révèle que l'enseignement professionnel haïtien est déconnecté de l'appareil de production économique qui investit. Ce problème pousse certaines entreprises, pour répondre à leurs besoins, à faire appel à la main-d'oeuvre étrangère tandis que le pays connaît un taux de chômage important. Sous-financés, l'enseignement technique et la formation professionnelle sont victimes de la représentation traditionnelle que certains ont de l'apprentissage. De plus, il n'existe pas un espace formel de concertation et de dialogue entre les responsables des organismes de formation et les dirigeants des entreprises. Ces dialogues, nécessaires et réclamés dans une démarche d'accompagnement, d'anticipation des investissements et de mise en oeuvre des politiques de l'emploi, dans les rares cas où ils existent, sont plus personnels qu'institutionnels. La concurrence pour avoir des contactspersonnels prime sur l'intérêt général. La mutualisation des forces en présence paraît nécessaire afin d'arriver à une lecture partagée de l‟environnement économique, établir un partenariat privilégié et éclairé entre l'appareil de production et celui de l'enseignement pour mieux orienter la politique de l'État dans le champ de la formation professionnelle. Enfin, comme secteur prioritaire de développement, le tourisme, industrie pourvoyeuse d'emplois, ne sera pas profitable à Haïti s'il n'y a pas un effort substantiel pour innover, créer des entreprises nouvelles et les doter des compétences et des qualifications que requiert une économie fondée sur les activités touristiques. La rentabilité du secteur touristique passe également par la création d‟un climat d'affaire propice à l‟investissement direct étranger (IDE), par la levée des principaux freins à la croissance économique, par des actions ciblées relatives aux opérations de marketing et par l'amélioration de l'image du pays à l'étranger.
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Dia, Abdoul Alpha. "Education, capital humain et dynamique économique : analyse à partir du secteur industriel sénégalais." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00109743.
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L'objectif de ce travail est d'analyser les relations entre l'éducation, le capital humain et les performances industrielles au Sénégal. Les questions abordées sont diverses et variées, et plus particulièrement, elles se rapportent à l'investissement des entreprises industrielles dans le capital humain (niveaux de qualification de la main d'oeuvre, politiques en matière de formation continue), aux différents niveaux d'efficacité (interneet externe) du système éducatif, à l'adéquation formation/emploi, à l'apport des systèmes de formation non scolaires à la production et à la diffusion du capital humain, aux niveaux de performances du secteur industriel, etc. En dernier ressort, est étudié l'impact de l'investissement des entreprises dans le capital humain sur leurs propres performances. Le travail empirique réalisé, globalement, ne révèle pas un impact significatif et positif des différentes catégories de main d'oeuvre (et
plus généralement de la structure des qualifications) ou des politiques des entreprises en matière de formation continue. Afin de rendre compte d'un tel résultat, plusieurs explications sont mises en avant (influence du capital humain soumis à des effets de
seuil, influence néfaste - du point de vue de l'impact du capital humain - des phénomènes bureaucratiques, environnement productif et technologique des entreprises industrielles sénégalaises qui contribue à limiter le potentiel productif du capital humain, etc.), lesquelles, en définitive, rappellent toute la complexité de la relation
capital humain / croissance économique, et plus particulièrement la nécessité d'une meilleure articulation entre d'une part les politiques éducatives et d'autre part les politiques économiques (politiques industrielles, politiques fiscales, politiques macroéconomiques, etc.).
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Johansson, Sanna. "Lobbying - sunt förnuft eller lagstiftad reglering? : En studie om politikers och PR-praktikers åsikter om lobbyreglering i Sverige." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-7158.
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Sweden currently has no legislated regulation of lobbying, but the professional lobbyist can voluntarily subscribe to, among others, the professional code of standars created by the trade association of Public Relations, Precis. There is an ongoing discussion in Sweden to regulate lobbying, both in mass media and in politics. This study examines this debate and focus on which arguments there are for and against lobbying regulation in Sweden. It also attempts to identify the differences, if there are any, between left and rights parties with regards to their views on regulation of lobbying. Tha main method used was document analysis of parliamentary bills which have been raised concerning a lobbying regulation in Sweden. In the theory section, I include four different types of requirements placed on democratic lobbying (se for example Jaatinen 1998, Kitchen 1999, Larsson 2005, Möller 2009 and Naurin 2001). The research showed the need for transparency to be the most prominent, followed by requirement of equal acces to diffrent social groups to lobby. The document analysis focus on the arguments that are given to regulate lobbying in Sweden. The arguments for regulating lobbying presented of the parliamentary bills include measures taken to prevent covert lobbying, to create more equal opportunities to lobby, to that the kind of self-regulation practiced by the proffesional lobbyists by Precis proffesional standars has shortcomings, to that the PR industry will expand and that lobbying is at least commom in Sweden as in other parlaments. Therefore, there is a need to review how other countries have regulated lobbying. The study shows that among the parliamentary bills, The European Parliament regulatory system is the largest role model of other parliaments regulating lobbying. Furtheremore it shows that a registration system is the type of regulation advocated by the most of the politicians behind the researched parliamentary bills. The counter-arguments to a lobbyng regulation in Sweden, identified trough the document analysis and interviews in this study, are that ethics and morality of the individual are more important than rules and laws and a skepticism that a registration system can record people's lifes, which from a democratic point of view is not desirable. Other counter-arguments are that the community allready has so many rules and laws and that a regulatory system can discriminate less economically affluent groups in society. The study has shown that one can devise some differences between left- and right-wing views concerning policies for regulating lobbying in Sweden. This because no parliamentary bills has brought on a lobbying regulation by any of the so- called red parties and the majority of the bills are raised by politicians from the right-wing Moderate Party. One can also see diffrences in the arguments of regulating lobbying by politicians. The bourgeous side seems tho think that the most important requirement of lobbying from a democratic perspective is transparency while the Swedish Green Party is focusing on the lack of equal access between different social groups to lobby.
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Dumas, Audrey. "La formation continue et ses externalités en termes d'accumulation du savoir au sein de l'entreprise : analyse théorique et propositions d'approches d'évaluation microéconométrique." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00382940.
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Cette thèse propose d'étudier les mécanismes de la formation professionnelle continue en lien avec les modalités collectives de l'entreprise, pour mettre en évidence des externalités de la formation au sein de l'entreprise.Notre étude suppose que les connaissances transmises lors d'un passage par une formation professionnelle continue peuvent se diffuser entre les salariés d'une même entreprise et constituer ainsi une partie de la formation informelle de la firme. Notre analyse implique un double effet de l'investissement en formation de la firme : un effet direct sur les formés et un effet indirect, par effet de diffusion de la formation, en augmentant les capacités productives des autres salariés de la firme.
Enfin, nous montrons que l'employeur va récompenser les salariés qui diffusent ce qu'ils ont appris. Ainsi, les rendements de la formation sont variables selon son degré de transférabilité au sein de la firme, et non au sein du marché, comme le supposait Becker (1964).
Les estimations de la diffusion de la formation à partir des bases de données Formation Continue 2000 et Formation Continue 2006 – CVTS IIII tendent à confirmer notre modèle.
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Theurelle-Stein, Delphine. "Vers une extension du domaine de la compétence : la possibilité du soft. Contribution à une théorie agentique du développement professionnel." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2019/Theurelle-Stein_Delphine_2019_ED221.pdf.
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Dans un monde décrit comme VICA (volatile, incertain, complexe et ambigu), les grandes organisations internationales (Union Européenne, OCDE, World Economic Forum, etc.) multiplient les études pour identifier les compétences du 21ème siècle. Leurs résultats montrent que les soft skills - les compétences qui ne relèvent ni du savoir, ni du savoir-faire - sont des leviers de la performance individuelle et organisationnelle (Carnevale & Smith, 2013). Pour autant, le concept de soft skill reste flou et les travaux concernant leur développement rares (Boyatzis, 2006). L’objectif de notre thèse est de développer une meilleure connaissance des soft skills et de leurs modes de développement. Nous adoptons pour ce faire une démarche qualitative mobilisant différentes méthodologies et terrains de recherche : une étude exploratoire multi-site, une recherche-intervention et l’étude d’un cas extrême (Yin, 2014). Nos résultats, éclairés par la théorie sociocognitive de Bandura (2001), nous permettent de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension conceptuelle des soft skills, d’identifier les facteurs personnels et environnementaux de leur développement et in fine, de soumettre des préconisations pour la mise en œuvre d’une démarche soft skills dans les organisationsIn a world described as VICA (volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous), major international organizations (European Union, OECD, World Economic Forum, etc.) are multiplying studies to identify the skills of the 21st Century. Their results show that soft skills - skills that are neither knowledge nor know-how - are levers of individual and organizational performance (Carnevale & Smith, 2013). However, the concept of soft skill remains unclear and research on its development is rare (Boyatzis, 2006). The objective of our thesis is to develop a better knowledge of soft skills and their development modalities. To do this, we adopt a qualitative approach using different methodologies and fields of research: a multi-site exploratory study, an intervention research and the study of an extreme case (Yin, 2014). Our results, informed by Bandura's (2001) social cognitive theory, allow us to contribute to a better conceptual understanding of soft skills, to identify the personal and environmental factors of their development and ultimately, to submit recommendations for the implementation of a soft skills approach in organizations
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Green, Melanie C. "Choice of Real Versus Ersatz Social Interactions in the Formations of Social Capital: Laboratory and Longitudinal Approaches." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1391613143.
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Mortier, Stéphane. "Diagnostic des opérations de sensibilisation menées dans le cadre de la politique publique d'intelligence économique et réalité effective de la sécurité économique dans les PME." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E026.
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L’intelligence économique est en France l’objet d’une politique publique qui, après de nombreuses inflexions s’est tournée vers le renseignement économique. Son objectif est resté identique, accroître la compétitivité du tissu économique. Pour atteindre cet objectif, des actions de sensibilisation au profit des entreprises ont été menées notamment par les référents sécurité économique et protection des entreprises de la gendarmerie nationale. Comme chercheur et acteur, nous avons pu mesurer l’impact de ces actions de sensibilisation auprès d’un large panel d’entreprises. Le constat est mitigé quant à la prise en compte de l’intelligence économique par les chefs d’entreprise. Au travers des apports théoriques du capital social et des réseaux sociaux, nous tentons d’apporter des recommandations afin d’améliorer le dispositif de sensibilisation. Des outils nouveaux, mais aussi des relations plus étroites, plus formalisées ou encore une meilleure prise en compte des textes législatifs et administratifs relatifs à la sécurité économique sont autant de pistes avancées. Une telle politique publique ne peut être efficiente que si elle dispose d’un programme d’actions (décisions politiques et administratives), de moyens humains et financiers, de cohésion dans le pilotage (gouvernance de la sécurité économique), d’une implication des décideurs, de formations des divers acteurs (rôle des outils mis à disposition) et d’évaluation des résultats. Les évolutions récentes de la politique publique de sécurité économique et un certain nombre d’initiatives individuelles, notamment prise dans le cadre de ce travail de recherche, contribuent ou tente de contribuer à la réalisation de cette efficienceThe concept of “intelligence économique” is the object of a public policy in France which, after many changes, has turned to economic intelligence. Its objective remained the same, to increase the competitiveness of the economic fabric. To achieve this objective, awareness actions for the benefit of companies have been carried out, in particular, by the economic security and business protection referents of the national gendarmerie. As a researcher and an actor, we have been able to measure the impact of these awareness-raising actions on a wide range of companies. There is mixed evidence that business leaders are taking economic intelligence into account. Through the theoretical contributions of social capital and social networks, we try to make recommendations to improve the awareness-raising mechanism. New tools, but also closer, more formalized relations and better consideration of legislative and administrative texts relating to economic security are all advanced issues. Such public policy can only be efficient if it has a programme of actions (political and administrative decisions), human and financial resources, cohesion in management (governance of economic security), involvement of decision-makers, training of the various actors (role of the tools made available) and evaluation of results. Recent developments in public policy on economic security and a number of individual initiatives, notably in the context of this research work, contribute or attempt to contribute to the achievement of that efficiency
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Sofi, Dana. "Interetnisk konflikt eller samförstånd : En studie om etnopolitik i Kurdistan/Irak." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8516.
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This thesis concerns the differences in how ethinic groups co-exist in two different environments in the same country, with a focus on the ethno-political. My research questions are: Why are ethnic or interpersonal relations characterized differently in different regions? How and why do conflicts or agreements arise in specific environments? The aim is to understand the connection between inter-ethnic relations and environmentally specific factors. I am concerned with those mechanisms and processes which determine the type of ethnic relation – as conflict or mutual understanding - in specific environments. The thesis uses case studies of two contrasting multiethnic cities with different interethnic relations – Erbil and Kirkuk in Kurdistan/Iraq. My explanatory model consists of four main factors: I) historical factors in terms of critical events; II) institutional factors such as institutional efficiency and security; III) structural factors such as group size, territorial base and different tolerance systems; and IV) social relational factors such as the significance of inter-ethnic contacts and social capital. The empirical work demonstrates that the relations between the above mentioned factors in the respective environments determine the outcome of the inter-ethnic relations. The results show that one factor can be more important than another factor, but how the factors impact upon one another and under what circumstances is of significance. The presentation of environmentally specific differences shows that ethnic groups do not have static boundaries and are not necessarily hostile to one another. Conflict is not the given form of relationship between ethnic groups. That is, the result can be read as a critique of those who necessarily see potential conflicts between groups with cultural differences and those who essentialize cultural groups. In this context one can see a chain of interrelated factors; the relevance of which is dependent on the specific situation. Some of the negative factors that can increase the possibility of conflict and decrease the possibility for peaceful co-existence include: Instability in the political climate; insecurity; institutional ineffectiveness; segregation; undefined relations of power; and an ethnic composition maintaining the balance of power. If these factors combined result in a high level of complexity, which makes ethnicity stand out in terms of ethnic competition, the likelihood of ethnic conflict is significant.
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López, Falcón Diana María. "Sociodemographic impact of international migration inflows in the educational system and human capital formation in Catalonia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129642.
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La presente investigación analiza tres aspectos claves del incremento de la población escolarizada como resultado de los intensos flujos migratorios de los primeros años del siglo 20. En primer lugar, el estudio comprende la evolución de la población escolarizada en centros de enseñanza pública y concertada. En segundo lugar se incorporará la dimensión territorial mediante el análisis de la segregación escolar y su contraparte residencial. Finalmente, se llevará a cabo el análisis de los determinantes del nivel máximo de estudios de la población de origen extranjero.
La investigación se ha llevado a cabo para el periodo comprendido entre los años académicos 2000/01 y 2007/08. Mediante el análisis de los datos de la Estadística de Educación no Universitaria y el Padrón Continuo, los resultados muestran que existe un desequilibrio entre la población residente y la escolarizada para un mismo territorio. Sin embargo, estos resultados podrían estar influenciados por la adquisición de la nacionalidad española, en particular por el colectivo latinoamericano. Respecto a las variables que inciden en la segregación escolar, la evidencia empírica sugiere que las pautas de asentamiento de los inmigrantes en el entramado residencial no se verán reflejadas a nivel escolar. De la misma forma, si las interacciones entre las nacionalidades en términos espaciales son consideradas un signo de la integración social, éstas serán a su vez una muestra de las preferencias familiares bajo el supuesto de preferencias reveladas.
Finalmente, la investigación abarca el análisis de los determinantes del nivel de estudios de los extranjeros. Mediante el uso de datos de los Censos de 1991 y 2001, los resultados sugieren que la educación de los padres es uno de los principales determinantes del nivel educativo pero la decisión final se verá a su vez afectada por determinantes económicos. En segundo lugar, se llevó a cabo el análisis de las inversiones educativas en el país de destino para la población de origen extranjero. Los resultados indican que existen diferencias regionales dependiendo del país de origen del individuo, pero también en términos de la portabilidad y la asimilación de capital humano formado con anterioridad. En conjunto, los resultados sugieren la asimilación segmentada de la población extranjera residente en Cataluña.This thesis analyses three aspects of the enrollment of foreign children in the Catalan educational system as a result of the international migration boom from the beginning of the 21st century. First, the research analyzes the changes in the composition and the structure of the enrolled population in both public and charter educational centers from a demographic perspective. Second, the geographic dimension of the phenomenon will be incorporated in the study of school segregation and its possible relation to residential segregation. And finally, the research will consider determinants of the educational attainment of the foreigners. The empirical investigation is carried out for the period between the school years 2000/01 and 2007/08. Using data from the Non-university Enrollment Statistics and the Continuous Register, the research showed that there is an imperfect match between the residential and the enrolled population at compulsory ages that could be influenced by the nationality acquisition processes. With respect to the variables affecting the school segregation levels, the evidence suggests that the immigrants’ settlement patterns are not being reflected at school strata level. Also, if spatial interactions among origins are considered as a sign of the social integration of migrants, under the revealed preferences assumption the distribution of the enrolled would also be a reflection of the households’ preferences. Finally, the research explores the possible determinants of educational attainment. First, by exploring data from the 1991 and 2001 Census, results suggest that parental education is a determinant of educational attainment but final choice will be influenced by economic decisions given the relative costs of studying. Second, we analyzed the incidence of post-migration investments in education and the educational profile of the Catalan population by origin. The estimations show that there are regional differences in the investments but also in the human capital portability of the foreign-born. Overall results suggest the segmented assimilation of the foreign population.
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Zniber, Myrième. "Petite production marchande et formes d'intégration au capital dans une formation sociale dépendante : le cas de l'agriculture au Maroc." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100137.
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Lima, Mariza Antonia Machado de. "Formação continuada de professores de Matemática: processos formativos e possibilidades de ruptura." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/10964.
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This work aims to investigate the actions of continuing education offered by government agencies, seeking to diagnose the limits and potential of these actions as facilitators of teaching, as well as identifying the relationships between these processes and the training needs of teachers about their educational practice. A qualitative study was conducted through the analysis of documents, relating to the shares of continuing education for teachers of Basic Education of the Public São Paulo, made available by a Board of Education of the Interior of St. Paul, on the site of the Secretary of State Education of São Paulo and in the archives of the researcher, and analysis of 43 (forty-three) questionnaires answered by mathematics teachers participating shares offered training and analysis of interviews with three of those teachers. The data analysis was performed by means of narratives told through the lives of the teachers interviewed formative taking as reference the concepts of Social Capital, Cultural Capital and Habitus of Pierre Bourdieu. The information contained in the questionnaires allowed profiling of mathematics teachers participating in the training activities offered and to identify perceptions about the actions of these teachers who participated. For analysis of the statements of teachers consider three categories: Motivations, Strengths and Weaknesses. The analysis of these categories identified that the professional performance, student learning and the salary issue have been the factors that has mobilized teachers to participate in continuing education activities, and that the training activities has enabled teachers knowledge curriculum, teaching, on evaluation, technology, and exchanging experiences. The analysis shows that in some ways the formative processes offered by public agencies, disruptive to the educational practice of mathematics teachers participating in these processes, as they are constituted as social spaces that allow the incorporation of cultural capital and production of new habitus. However, the testimonies reveal some weaknesses of these actions, since they are punctual, opportunities are not given to all teachers, are held in bulk and do not consider the reality of each school
O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar as ações de formação continuada oferecidas pelos órgãos públicos, procurando diagnosticar os limites e potencialidades dessas ações enquanto facilitadoras do trabalho docente, bem como identificar as relações entre esses processos formativos e as necessidades dos professores quanto à sua prática educativa. A pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa foi realizada por meio da análise de documentos, referentes às ações de formação continuada de professores da Educação Básica da Rede Pública de São Paulo, disponibilizados por uma Diretoria de Ensino do Interior de São Paulo, no site da Secretaria de Estado da Educação de São Paulo e em arquivos da própria pesquisadora, além de análise de 43 (quarenta e três) questionários respondidos por professores de Matemática participantes das ações de formação oferecidas e da análise de entrevistas realizadas com três desses professores. A análise das entrevistas foi realizada por meio de narrativas contadas a partir da trajetória formativa dos professores entrevistados tendo como referencia os conceitos de Capital Social, Capital Cultural e Habitus de Pierre Bourdieu. As informações contidas nos questionários permitiram traçar o perfil dos professores de Matemática participantes das ações formativas oferecidas, bem como identificar as percepções desses professores sobre as ações que participaram. Para análise dos depoimentos dos professores consideramos três categorias: Motivações; Potencialidades e Fragilidades. A análise dessas categorias possibilitou identificar que a atuação profissional, a aprendizagem dos alunos e a questão salarial têm sido os fatores que mais tem mobilizado os professores a participar das ações de formação continuada, e que as ações formativas tem possibilitado aos professores conhecimento curricular, didático, sobre avaliação, tecnologia, além da troca de experiências. A análise dos resultados nos mostra que de certa forma os processos formativos oferecidos pelos órgãos públicos, provocam rupturas à prática educativa dos professores de Matemática participantes desses processos, à medida que se constituem como espaços sociais que possibilitam a incorporação de Capital Cultural e produção de novos habitus. Contudo, os depoimentos revelam algumas fragilidades dessas ações uma vez que elas são pontuais, não são oportunizadas a todos os professores e são realizadas em massa, não considerando a realidade de cada escola
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Glantz, Namino M. "Formative research on elder health and care in Comitan, Chiapas, Mexico." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195879.
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This dissertation documents my active involvement in anthropological research on elder well-being in Comitan, Chiapas, Mexico, and how my research was a springboard for local dialogue on the need for primary health care for the elderly, an issue with global significance. I describe my work as part of a larger process, still unfolding, that I helped initiate and continue to trace as an ethnographer engaged in participant observation. My long-term residence and applied health research in Chiapas, graduate training in medical anthropology, and institutional backing from the Comitan Center for Health Research (an NGO where I have worked since 1994) equipped me to catalyze engagement around elder health in Comitan. To do so, I drew on formative research, a multi-stage participatory process that is iterative and draws upon multiple methods and actors to identify and define a problem, then develop, monitor, and assess locally-congruent interventions. Specifically, I conducted: 1) ethnographic research on middle and lower class elders living alone and with family; 2) an elder health needs and resources survey of 300 households; 3) interviews with elders, home-based caregivers, and formal care providers; 4) an interinstitutional elder health conference and 5) a strategic planning meeting, which spawned 6) an independent working group that is currently exploring potential elder care strategies, with 7) my ongoing facilitation. In detailing elders' lives, problems, and care, I at once address the specific issue of elder well-being in Chiapas as seen by elders, caregivers, and providers, and describe the social relations of community action to provide basic elder care. I take stock of historical factors that have altered family relations and elder care dynamics in Chiapas, including structural adjustment, epidemiological and demographic transitions, globalization, and migration, as well as resultant local and regional socio-political struggles. I give special consideration to the household production of health, gendered differences in elder health and care resources, and the social relations of health care-seeking and therapy management. My findings challenge popular misconceptions regarding elder entitlement and access to economic, cultural, and social capital, and indicate potential solutions. This dissertation, then, illuminates how anthropological research can facilitate community-based problem solving.
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Gómez-i-Aznar, Èric. "Three essays in human capital formation. From colonial institutions in the Americas to early Catalan industrialization." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670684.
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This doctoral thesis aims to investigate the role of human capital in some of the most economically dynamic areas under the control of the Hispanic monarchy. The period covered by this study extends from the 18th century, in regions that formed part of the colonial empire during the Old Regime, or in the peninsula itself during the pre-industrial period, to the creation of the 19th-century mass education systems during the transition to the liberal state. First, this research attempts to contribute to the debate on the role of institutions in human capital formation, transmission and persistence. With this objective in mind, an analysis of the case of the Guarani missions, which were established and led by the Jesuits in the 18th century, was performed. Moreover, it presents new quantitative evidence that encompasses a theoretical framework for reviewing the paradox of human capital and early industrialization in Catalonia from the beginning of the 18th century until the eve of the Civil War. In order to provide new indicators that contribute to a quantitative discussion on economic history, this research focused on the simplest form of human capital: basic literacy (the ability to read and write) and numeracy (the ability to count). After a review of the existing literature linking human capital and economic development in the introduction (Chapter 1), three essays are presented. The first, in Chapter 2, uses the age-heaping methodology to analyse the level of numeracy achieved by the Guarani missions during the 18th century, in which the Jesuits were responsible for educating the indigenous population, within the colonial context of the modern period, and allows for an assessment of the weight of institutions in human capital formation and transmission. The results reveal the high levels of numeracy achieved by the Jesuit missions and a wide diversity of institutions and situations within territories under the colonial rule of the Hispanic kings during the modern period, when the areas with the greatest economic dynamism had some institution that facilitated the transmission of elementary human capital; they also reveal, however, that the more extractive institutions hindered this process. Next, Chapter 3 focuses on Catalonia at the beginning of the 18th century and, using the same age-heaping methodology, examines the level of human capital in a varied sample of Catalan localities and by various occupations and social classes. Early 18th-century Catalonia had arithmetic levels that were relatively high in certain sectors, occupations and social groups and, more importantly, that were comparable to other dynamic areas of Europe. These contributions are consistent with the literature that examined the role that may have been played by useful knowledge in the promotion of innovation in the early phases of the Industrial Revolution to explain how economies embarked upon the path to modern economic growth. The third essay, in Chapter 4, then sets out to study the municipal-scale evolution of literacy rates in Catalonia between 1860 and 1930, for both men and women, in a key period for Catalan society and economy. The results show that in 1860, urban areas of Catalonia had higher literacy rates, although there were notable exceptions, and that the evolution between 1860 and 1900 was marked by a significant improvement that did not lead to increased territorial inequalities unlike the situation in Spain as a whole. Finally, Chapter 5 of the thesis presents some conclusions and proposes that a reassessment of the human capital paradox and early industrialization by means of new quantitative indicators from the European periphery, specifically in the case of Catalonia, may contribute to the debate on the measurement of human capital accumulation and its relationship with economic development.Aquesta tesi doctoral té com a objectiu investigar el paper del capital humà en algunes de les àrees econòmicament més dinàmiques sota el control de la monarquia hispana. El període cobert per aquest estudi s'estén des del segle XVIII, en les regions que van formar part de l'imperi colonial durant l'Antic Règim, o en la mateixa península durant el període preindustrial, fins a la creació dels sistemes d'educació massiva de segle XIX durant la transició a l'estat liberal. En primer lloc, aquesta investigació intent contribuir al debat sobre el paper de les institucions en la formació, transmissió i persistència del capital humà. Amb aquest objectiu, s'ha realitzat una anàlisi del cas de les missions guaranís, establertes i dirigides pels jesuïtes al segle XVIII. A més, es presenten noves proves quantitatives que abasten un marc teòric per revisar la paradoxa el capital humà i la industrialització primerenca a Catalunya des de principis de segle XVIII fins a la vigília de la Guerra Civil. Per tal de proporcionar nous indicadors que contribueixin a un debat quantitatiu sobre la història econòmica, aquesta investigació es va centrar en la forma més simple de capital humà: l'alfabetització bàsica (la capacitat de llegir i escriure) i el càlcul (la capacitat de comptar). Després d'un examen de la bibliografia existent que vincula el capital humà i el desenvolupament econòmic en la introducció (Capítol 1), es presenten tres assajos. El primer, en el capítol 2, utilitza la metodologia de càlcul numèric per edats per analitzar el nivell de coneixements numèrics assolit per les missions guaranís durant el segle XVIII, en què els jesuïtes es van encarregar d'educar a la població indígena, en el context colonial del període modern, i permet avaluar el pes de les institucions en la formació i transmissió del capital humà. Els resultats revelen els alts nivells de capacitat numèrica assolits per les missions jesuítiques i una gran diversitat d'institucions i situacions dins dels territoris sota el domini colonial dels reis hispànics durant el període modern, quan les zones de major dinamisme econòmic comptaven amb alguna institució que facilitava la transmissió del capital humà elemental; també revelen, però, que les institucions més extractives obstaculitzaven aquest procés. A continuació, el capítol 3 se centra en la Catalunya de principis de segle XVIII i, utilitzant la mateixa metodologia de l'època, examina el nivell de capital humà en una variada mostra de localitats catalanes i per diverses ocupacions i classes socials. La Catalunya de principis de segle XVIII tenia nivells aritmètics relativament alts en determinats sectors, ocupacions i grups socials i, el que és més important, eren comparables a altres zones dinàmiques d'Europa. Aquestes contribucions són coherents amb la literatura que va examinar el paper que poden haver exercit els coneixements útils en la promoció de la innovació en les primeres fases de la Revolució Industrial per a explicar com les economies van emprendre el camí cap al creixement econòmic modern. A continuació, el tercer assaig, en el capítol 4, es proposa estudiar l'evolució a escala municipal de les taxes d'alfabetització a Catalunya entre 1860 i 1930, tant d'homes com de dones, en un període clau per a la societat i l'economia catalanes. Els resultats mostren que en 1860, les zones urbanes de Catalunya tenien taxes d'alfabetització més elevades, tot i que amb notables excepcions, i que l'evolució entre 1860 i 1900 es va caracteritzar per una important millora que no va provocar un augment de les desigualtats territorials, a diferència de la situació en el conjunt d'Espanya. Finalment, en el capítol 5 de la tesi es presenten algunes conclusions i es proposa que una reavaluació de la paradoxa el capital humà i de la industrialització primerenca mitjançant nous indicadors quantitatius de la perifèria europea, concretament en el cas de Catalunya, pot contribuir al debat sobre el mesurament de l'acumulació de capital humà i la seva relació amb el desenvolupament econòmic.
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Sinthon, Rémi. "Reconversions extrascolaires du capital culturel : une révision de la mobilité sociale depuis ses marges." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0070.
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Ce travail justifie une révision de la question de la mobilité sociale en termes de stratégies de reconversion de capitaux. Pour cela, il décrit la façon dont la sociologie anglophone et francophone a saisi les positions sociales et leurs mouvements, depuis le 19e siècle, en lien avec l'histoire relativement autonome de la discipline. Puis il pointe des biais récurrents dans l'analyse de la stratification et de la mobilité sociales : essentialisation et routinisation des catégories, prétention à un point de vue englobant, absence d'homologie d'échelle entre les phénomènes et leur mesure, détermination a priori du sujet de la mobilité, interférence de préoccupations d'action, idée de mouvements d'ensemble d'une société, analyse symétrique des trajectoires d'ascension et de descente, étude préférentielle des premières. Il revient notamment sur le problème des frontières sociales. La reconstruction théorique est éprouvée sur le cas des reconversions extrascolaires du capital culturel dans la France contemporaine (relevant traditionnellement du « déclassement intergénérationnel »), à l'aide, entre autres, de longs entretiens et de huit enquêtes de la statistique publique. Sous l'angle des conditions de la socialisation sont étudiées les reconversions locales (au prisme de l'enracinement territorial du capital scolaire, occasion de discuter les concepts de force des liens faibles, de capital social et de capital d'autochtonie), la variabilité des rapports à la dépense et les usages du patrimoine immobilier, la place des stratégies matrimoniales et des stratégies de séduction, et, enfin, les stratégies de présentation de soi en lien avec la légitimité des reconversionsThis work argues for a revision of the question of social mobility in terms of capitals and reconversion strategies. For this purpose, it describes the way French- and English-language sociology conceptualizes social positions since the 19th century, in relation to the relatively autonomous history of the discipline. Then it points recurrent biases in the analysis of social stratification and mobility: the essentialization and the routinization of categories, the adoption of an encompassing point of view, the absence of scale-homology between phenomena and their mesurement, the absence of empirically-based definition of the subject of mobility, the interference of concerns of action, the idea of movements of the society as a whole, the symmetrical analysis of downward and upward mobility, the preferential analysis of the latter. It also reconsiders the problem of social boundaries. The theoretical propositions are tested out from the case of cultural capital's reconversions outside of the French educational system (traditionally described as "intergenerational downward mobility"), using, among others, long biographical interviews and eight large public statistical inquiries. Through the conditions of socialization are studied local reconversions (in relation to the territorial basis of educational capital, which gives the occasion to discuss the concepts of strength of weak ties, of social capital and of autochthonic capital), the different relations to consumption and the uses of family real estate, the place of matrimonial and seduction strategies, and, at last, the self-presentation strategies linked with the legitimacy of reconversions
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ALLEGRETTA, LICIA. "LA DOMANDA DI FORMAZIONE CONTINUA NELLA SOCIETA' DELLA CONOSCENZA : APPROCCI,SIGNIFICATI,E PRATICHE DI ANALISI DEI FABBISOGNI FORMATIVI." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1510.
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Negli ultimi decenni, l’affermazione del paradigma della società della conoscenza e le recenti politiche di sostegno all’apprendimento lungo tutto l’arco della vita, hanno evidenziato la questione dello skillmismatching tra competenze formate e fabbisogni professionali espressi dal mercato del lavoro. La finalità della ricerca è stata quella di ricostruire il frame culturale, valoriale e normativo entro cui si colloca l’emergenza del fabbisogno formativo dei lavoratori e di tracciare il percorso storico-evolutivo dell’analisi dei fabbisogni formativi (aff) come strumento, come costrutto e come pratica. L’indagine empirica, di tipo qualitativo, ha coinvolto i vari stakeholders che concorrono a definire, direttamente e indirettamente, la dinamica della domanda/offerta di formazione continua e delle politiche formative a sostegno dell’occupazione. Oltre alla ricerca sul campo, il lavoro di ricerca ha prodotto una mappa delle pratiche di analisi dei fabbisogni formativi condotte nell’ultimo decennio (nazionali ed internazionali), una rassegna metodologica delle tecniche di analisi dei fabbisogni formativi e quattro studi di caso sulle pratiche di analisi dei fabbisogni formativi come strumento di policy (Stati Uniti, Canada, Europa, Italia).In recent decades the success of the paradigm of the knowledge society and the recent policies of support for lifelong learning highlighted the question of skillmismatching between skills and vocational needs expressed by the labor market and also the value of human capital for competitive advantage of the whole society. The aims of the research was to reconstruct the frame of culture, values and normative into which fits the emergency of training trying to trace the historical-evolutionary of training needs analysis (Tna) as a tool, as a constructs and as a practice. The empirical research was qualitative and considered various stakeholders wich to help define, directly and indirectly, the dynamics of supply/demand of continuing training of workers and training policies to support employment. The research has produced a map of the practices of training needs analysis carried out in the last decade (at national and international level), a methodological review of techniques of Tna and four case studies on international practices of training needs analysis Key-words: capability - skillmismatch – human capital - lifelong learning -multistakeholders - human resource – labour union – practices – continuing training of workers – social partners
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Raveloarison, Lovatiana. "La Stratégie Européenne pour l'Emploi ˸ quels enjeux pour le Royaume-Uni ? (1997-2017)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCA010.
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Contrairement à ses homologues européens, le Royaume-Uni n'a pas adopté en 1989, le texte de la charte communautaire des droits sociaux fondamentaux des travailleurs abrégée charte sociale. Il s'est tenu, jusqu'en 1997, à l'écart des décisions européennes en matière sociale. Au lendemain de son arrivée au pouvoir, le gouvernement de Tony blair a mis fin à cette exception britannique. Le parti travailliste, fervent opposant à l'adhésion du royaume-uni au marché commun dans les années 1970, a pu rallier ses partisans au chapitre social de la construction européenne deux décennies plus tard grâce à cette charte. Depuis, le Royaume-Uni a su démontrer son engagement européen par rapport aux politiques sociales. Il a approuvé le traité d'Amsterdam qui a vu la mise en place de la Stratégie Européenne pour l'Emploi. Pour autant, il reste toujours celui qui incarne en Europe, le « modèle libéral anglo-saxon », en vigueur aux États-Unis. Il est vrai que malgré cette adhésion, les politiques thatchériennes n'ont pas été modifiées en profondeur par le New labour mais juste infléchies et il existe toujours en Europe, une spécificité britannique au niveau de la législation du travail et des relations sociales. Paradoxalement, malgré cette spécificité britannique, le Conseil européen, en 2002, a estimé que les programmes mis en place au Royaume-Uni sont compatibles avec les objectifs européens pour l‘emploi.Ce travail de recherche s'intéresse aux enjeux que représente la Stratégie Européenne pour l'Emploi au Royaume-Uni. Notre analyse nous amènera à mettre en évidence la situation britannique par rapport aux recommandations européennes en matière de politiques pour l'emploi. L'intérêt de ce travail de recherche est de souligner un paradoxe : à la fois comprendre les spécificités du marché du travail britannique, occupant une position unique en Europe mais aussi se rendre compte que les politiques de l'emploi menées au Royaume-Uni sont tout à fait compatibles avec les recommandations européennes et compatibles avec la Stratégie Européenne pour l‘EmploiUnlike her European counterparts, Britain did not sign the Social Charter in 1989 and benefited from an opt out of the social rights included in this Charter until 1997. When the first New Labour government came into office, Tony Blair put an end to this British opt out. The Labour Party, which had been against the British entry into the EEC in the seventies, managed to convince its members to change their views on the European Union two decades later thanks to this Charter. By signing the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997, the UK adopted the Social Charter and accepted the changes brought by the “Social Chapter” included in the Treaty. The Treaty of Amsterdam also introduced the European Employment Strategy. Since then, the UK has endorsed the Social Charter and implemented a range of UE social measures. Despite social policies, the UK compared to its European partners is considered as “the Anglo-Saxon model” available in the US because Margaret Thacher's economic policies have not been deeply modified and at the European level, there are British particularities as far as labour law and industrial relations are concerned. Yet despite such disparities, the European Council considered in 2002 that the employment policies carried out in the UK were in accordance with the European Employment Strategy. This thesis examines how the European Employment Strategy is operating in the UK. The analysis focuses on how the European guidelines are implemented in the UK labour market regulation. The aim is to shed light on a paradox: on the one hand, the UK labour market has its own specificities which are not similar to other European countries; and on the other, the employment policies pursued in the UK comply with the European guidelines within the European Employment Strategy
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Doctobre, Jacky. "Dynamique des cultures professionnelles des sapeurs-pompiers français : sociogenèse du modèle mythifié du sapeur-pompier "Héros sportif", 1818-1966." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL12006/document.
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Cette recherche sociohistorique éclaire la constitution des groupes de sapeurs-pompiers français et de leur culture de métier depuis le début du 19e siècle. Il s’agit de comprendre comment s’est structuré ce groupe, comment se sont instituées des rites de consécration et s’est construite la représentation sociale de ce corps spécialisé, aujourd’hui perçu comme ayant des qualités athlétiques (sportives) et héroïques. À partir d’un travail préalable de rupture avec cette image sociale, l’analyse s’ancre sur la constitution et la formation d’usages corporels, de rites de consécration et de dispositifs d’entraînement, élaborés par cette corporation, au cours de la période 1818-1966. L’hypothèse centrale est que l’enjeu majeur pour chaque groupe est d’imposer ou de préserver sa conception légitime du « bon » pompier ainsi que son modèle d’organisation. L’univers professionnel est ainsi configuré (et reconfiguré au cours du temps) par des luttes symboliques internes mais aussi par des coopérations mettant en jeu des capitaux variés. Un de ces capitaux - particulièrement convoité et distinctif - est le capital corporel sportif. Il est l’enjeu des cultures professionnelles produites et diffusées au sein d’institutions de socialisation. Tout en traitant de plusieurs aspects de la culture et de l’organisation des sapeurs-pompiers, l’étude privilégie les moyens gymnastico-sportifs de formation, de hiérarchisation et de sélection des hommes, répartis dans des corps fortement différenciés. Les analyses intègrent les évolutions techniques et suivent les réagencement de l’organisation, sa complexification, les clivages, les conflits qui l’animent et la font évoluerThis social historical research brings a better view of the constitution of French firemen and their knowledge of the job since the beginning of the 19th century. The concept of understanding how this group is structured, how they were considered the rites of consecration and was built the social representation of this specialised body, today it is seen as having athletic qualities (on the sport field) and heroic. From a prior work of a social image rupture, the analysis anchors on the constitution and the training of personal care, consecration rites and devices for the practice, elaborated by this corporation during the 1818-1966 period. The main hypothesis is that the main challenge for each group have to impose or to preserve the legitimate concept of a good fireman and also his perfect way to organize himself. The professional world is then configured (and reconfigure through time) from symbolic internal conflicts but also with cooperations bringing diversed capitals. One of these capitals especially asked and different from the others-is the sport corporal capital. It is the main challenge for professional culture which is made and then later shown amongst the institutions of socialisation. By treating many cultural aspects and the organisation of the firemen, the study emphasizes the needs for the training of sports programmes, ranking and the men selection, categorise through strongly diversified bodies. The analysis has proved the technical evolutions and has followed the reorganization, its complexity, cleavages, the conflicts which animate and bring evolutions
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Costa, Maria do Rosário Santos de Sá Couto. "As Ciências Sociais e Humanas em Portugal : abordagem bibliométrica da produção científica dos últimos quinze anos." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18785.
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Mestrado em Economia e Gestão de Ciência e TecnologiaEste trabalho tem por objectivo identificar as questões que se levantam quando se tenta avaliar a produção científica nacional das Ciências Sociais e Humanas (CSH) - últimos quinze anos - através de indicadores bibliométricos. Para dar contexto a esta problemática é traçada a evolução de vários componentes deste sub-sistema científico Como metodologia optou-se pelo levantamento de dados, pela realização de inquéritos, pela consulta de bibliografia e de bases de dados. A tendência mais marcante dos últimos vinte anos nas CSH é a expansão e a diversificação do ensino superior: no número e variedade de cursos, no aparecimento de novas áreas e instituições, no número de licenciados, mestres e doutorados. Regista-se o crescimento acentuado do ensino politécnico e o peso elevado do sector privado. No que diz respeito à investigação científica, conclui-se que não são as Ciências mais ensinadas que são mais investigadas. A maior parte das unidades de investigação (82%) pertencem às universidades, sendo pequeno o contributo dos politécnicos para a investigação científica (8,7%). Através do número de doutoramentos realizados até 1979, identifícam-se as Ciências que não se conseguiram institucionalizar em Portugal até 1974. Em 1980 foram incluídos, no SSCI e no A&HCI, 25 trabalhos relativos a 15 áreas das CSH; em 1995, foram incluídos 109. Para um período de quinze anos e tendo em conta o aumento dos doutorados, de 13 para 569, foi um crescimento muito reduzido. Com base nos números obtidos para a Economia e generalizando para o grupo das CSH, conclui-se que a parte da produção científica nacional que transparece nos produtos do ISI é uma parcela reduzida e redutora da totalidade de trabalhos publicados. Tendo em conta esta situação questiona-se a validade de se constituírem indicadores bibliométricos a partir exclusivamente dessas fontes. Esta dúvida é alargada e interroga-se a pertinência do uso de indicadores bibliométricos para avaliação destas Ciências. Tudo se joga na importância que é atribuída à comunicação e às formas como esta se concretiza nas CSH.
The purpose of this work is to identify the issues arising when trying to evaluate national scientific production in the Social and Human Sciences (SHS) area - in the latest fifteen years - through bibliometric indicators. In order to support this problematic issue, we traced the evolution of several components of this scientific sub-system. Within the methodology used we can point out data survey, inquiries and consultation of bibliography and databases. The most striking trend of the latest twenty years in SHS is the expansion and diversification occurred at high school levei; rising number and variety of new courses, new areas and institutions, rising number of graduations, masters and doctorates. There is also a marked increase of polytechnic schools and private ones. As far as scientifíc research is concerned, one may conclude that the the areas preferred for research are not those with a major population of students. The majority of the research units (82%) belong to universities, and the contribution of polythechnic schools for scientifíc research is quite small (8,7%). Based on the number of doctorates registered up to 1979 we may identify the Scientifíc areas that were not yet approved in Portugal by 1974. In 1980, 25 works concerning 15 areas of SHS were included in SSCI and A&HCI; in 1995, 109. For such a period of fifteen years and considering the increased number of doctorates (from 13 to 569), the registered increase is rather slow. From the figures retrieved for Economics and generalizing to the SHS group, one may conclude that the part played by the national scientifíc production and emerging from ISI products is rather small and diminishes the totality of published works. Taking into account this situation one may question the validity of creating bibliometric indicators exclusively from these sources. This doubt is also extendable to other areas and one may question the relevance of using bibliometric indicators for the assessment of these Sciences. It ali depends on the importance given to communication and to the various forms of accomplishing in the SHS.
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Bajenova, Tatyana. "The transnational field of European think tanks : accumulating specific forms of capital to influence EU policy making." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN035.
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Cette thèse examine les stratégies des think tanks (TTs) européens pour influencer les processus de formation des politiques publiques de l’Union européenne (UE). Cette étude comparative explore des TTs, basés à Bruxelles, qui fonctionnent au niveau supranational, ainsi que des TTs basés en France, en Slovénie et au Royaume-Uni. L’analyse des données empiriques est guidée par le cadre conceptuel combinant la théorie des champs de Bourdieu et ses développements récents avec le concept des frontières et l’approche des réseaux sociaux. Cette étude propose une nouvelle conceptualisation des TTs européens comme un champ transnational. En plus de la dimension horizontale de ce champ, qui se reflète dans sa position intermédiaire entre les champs adjacents, la thèse identifie les mécanismes de son institutionnalisation verticale au niveau européen. La thèse affirme que ces deux dimensions permettent aux membres de ce champ d’accumuler et d’utiliser stratégiquement des formes spécifiques de capital pour augmenter leur légitimité, crédibilité et visibilité sur la scène politique de Bruxelles et ainsi être en capacité d’influencer les institutions européennes. Cette recherche souligne l’importance particulière du capital symbolique et des réseaux qui établissent les frontières symboliques et sociales de ce champ et contribuent à la légitimité du système politique de l’UE lui-même. La topographie des positions des TTs selon le volume et la structure de leur capital dans leur propre champ permet de déterminer leur statut d’« insider » ou « outsider » dans le champ politique européen. Cette thèse apporte des réponses aux questionnements relatifs au « déficit démocratique » et à la légitimité de l’UE, en montrant l’accès privilégié de certains TTs aux institutions européennes, mais aussi l’insuffisance des mesures de transparence, qui règlent leurs relations. Elle contribue à la discussion sur la transformation de la production des connaissances sous l’influence des demandes politiques, économiques et médiatiquesThis thesis examines the strategies used by European think tanks (TTs) to influence the EU policy making process. It includes in its comparative analysis both Brussels-based TTs, which function at the supranational level, and TTs from France, Slovenia and the United Kingdom. The analysis of empirical data is built upon a flexible conceptual framework combining Bourdieu’s field theory and its recent developments with the concept of boundaries and the social network approach. This study proposes a new way of conceptualising European TTs as a transnational field. While acknowledging a horizontal dimension of the TT field, reflected in its intermediary position between adjacent fields, the thesis identifies mechanisms which account for its vertical institutionalisation at the European level. The thesis argues that both these dimensions of the European TT field allow its members to accumulate and strategically use specific forms of capital in order to enhance their legitimacy, credibility and visibility in the Brussels policy making scene and to gain political influence on the EU institutions. This research emphasises the particular importance of symbolic and network capital which fix the symbolic and social boundaries of the European TT field, as well as contributing to the legitimacy of EU policy making itself. Mapping the structural topography of the positions of European TTs in their own field according to the volume and structure of their capital allows us to determine their “insider” or “outsider” status in the EU political field. This thesis joins current debates concerning the challenges of the EU’s “democratic deficit” and legitimacy, by showing the more privileged access of “insider” think tanks to the EU institutions, but also the insufficiency of transparency measures which regulate their relations. Finally, it furthers the wider discussion of transformation of knowledge production under the influence of political, economic and media demands
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Guitard, Julien. "L'évaluation des politiques de l'emploi : Quatre essais." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00402436.
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Cette thèse propose dans un premier temps une évaluation structurelle des effets microéconomiques de deux politiques phares du Plan d'Aide au retour à l'Emploi (PARE) implémenté en France en 2001 : l'accompagnement et la formation des demandeurs d'emploi. La création d'entreprise étant souvent citée comme une alternative à ces politiques, on établit dans un second temps un modèle du cycle de vie des travailleurs indépendants. Toutefois, ne disposant du coût social des mesures étudiées, une analyse coût-bénéfice complète n'a pu être réalisée dans le cadre de ce travail. D'un point de vue méthodologique l'approche structurelle est abordée ici comme une extension des évaluations en forme réduite et non comme leur antithèse. Compte tenu des difficultés algorithmiques posées par cette méthode, on accorde une attention particulière aux techniques d'optimisation utilisées et on s'attache - suivant les recommandations de Judd - à simplifier au maximum la mise en oeuvre des estimations grâce à l'usage du logiciel AMPL.
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Chung, Jeanette Wei-Ling. "Rational relational investment and the formation of social capital : theory and applications /." 2002. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3048372.
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Xu, Zhi-Wei, and 許志瑋. "The Study of Formation and Relationships of Social Capital for Community Ecotourism." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63734059748456337338.
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碩士國立屏東商業技術學院
資訊管理系
97
Community ecotourism has become one of the best directions for community development. However, few of them start to develop ecotourism. Meanwhile, for those communities who had been develop ecotourism lots of problems happen continuously to slow down their steps. It is observed that different community has different situations of social capital to develop ecotourism. This research aims to survey relationships of social capitals. Data are collected from community members of nine communities. Those communities are well developed in ecotourism and they are recommended by government authorities. Results show social capitals have positive effect on community ecotourism. And trust is the most important factor that affects the performance of ecotourism. Social network has positive effect on norm and trust. Norm has positive effect on trust. Moreover, Helping each other has highest effect on social network. Social benefit and vision are the two important to trust. And benefit sharing is the highest factor that affecting social norms.