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1
Masuka, Tawanda. "TRANSFORMING SOCIAL WORK IN ZIMBABWE FROM SOCIAL CONTROL TO SOCIAL CHANGE." Southern African Journal of Social Work and Social Development 27, no. 2 (August 1, 2015): 204–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2415-5829/368.
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The quest for relevance of social work in Third world countries in the context of mounting socio-economic challenges has necessitated the need to consider transforming social work from social control to social change. Prominent social work academics and practitioners have argued in support of the need for such transformation. This article analyses this transition in the context of the new global definition of social work and how its various aspects can be applied in transforming social work education and practice in Zimbabwe. Key conclusions are that, social work curriculum be re-oriented toward the developmental social work thrust, advocacy and indigenous knowledge be integrated into social work practice.
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Muchadenyika, Davison, and John J. Williams. "Social Change: Urban Governance and Urbanization in Zimbabwe." Urban Forum 27, no. 3 (March 3, 2016): 253–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-016-9278-8.
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FITZMAURICE, SUSAN. "Ideology, race and place in historical constructions of belonging: the case of Zimbabwe." English Language and Linguistics 19, no. 2 (July 2015): 327–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674315000106.
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This article explores the ways in which constructions of identities of place are embedded in the ideology of race and social orientation in Zimbabwe. Using newspaper reports, memoirs, speeches, advertisements, fiction, interviews and ephemera produced around key discursive thresholds, it examines the production of multiple meanings of key terms within competing discourses to generate co-existing parallel lexicons. Crucially, labels like ‘settler’, ‘African’ and ‘Zimbabwean’, labels that are inextricably linked to access to and association with the land in colonial and postcolonial Zimbabwe, shift their reference and connotations for different speakers in different settings and periods. For example, the term ‘settler’, used to refer to white colonists of British origin who occupied vast agricultural lands in colonial Zimbabwe, is appropriated in post-independent Zimbabwe to designate blacks settled on the land in the Fast Track Land Reform Programme. The analysis of semantic pragmatic change in relation to key discursive thresholds yields a complex story of changing identities conditioned by different experiences of a raced national biography.
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Makore, Busisiwe Chikomborero Ncube, and Sura Al-Maiyah. "Moving from the Margins: Towards an Inclusive Urban Representation of Older People in Zimbabwe’s Policy Discourse." Societies 11, no. 1 (January 21, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc11010007.
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Population ageing has become a major global demographic shift but perhaps less noticeable in the Global South. Zimbabwe, like many African countries, is experiencing and will continue to witness an increase in older age, hence questioning its readiness to handle such change. Ageing in Zimbabwe is currently occurring in the context of increasing poverty, political unrest, changing family structures, and weakening infrastructures. Despite this, Zimbabwe is committed to promoting change and betterment for its citizens through adherence to international agendas and national development strategies. However, the first step towards the realisation of an inclusive urban environment begins with a fair representation of the various actors and social groups. This review paper is aimed at examining the representation of Zimbabwe’s older people, a subject that has rarely been the focus of critical analysis, concentrating on the political discourse in urban development programmes. A sample of 45 international and national policy documents published post-2002, was carefully selected and inspected to determine the level of presence of older people using discourse analysis. The findings reveal that in the context of the efforts made towards a Zimbabwe that is inclusive of all citizens, the idea of older persons as subjects of rights and active participants has yet to truly gain sufficient currency. There is a dominance of a one-dimensional perspective across the majority of the publications, with older people constructed as “dependent”, “vulnerable” and “passive”, overseeing vital contributions to society. A realistic and more empowering representation of this social group, showing them as active caregivers rather than passive recipients is therefore a necessity if Zimbabwe is to fulfil its vision of inclusivity.
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Magure, Booker. "Polarization and transformation in Zimbabwe: social movements, strategy dilemmas and change." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 33, no. 3 (July 3, 2015): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2015.1075943.
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Mutanana, Ngonidzashe. "Social Media and Political Mobilisation: An Analysis of the July 2016 Zimbabwe Shut Down." American Journal of Trade and Policy 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2017): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajtp.v4i1.412.
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This study sought to carry out an analysis of the effects of the social media in political mobilization. These were analyzed using the following indicators (i) the social media as a communication tool and (ii) the role of social media in political mobilization. The study was using a one-day demonstration that occurred in Zimbabwe code named #ZimShutDown2016 as a case study. In the study, a qualitative case study research design was used. Secondary data from online newspaper reports and Social Media Networks was used to analyze the effects of the social media movement in bringing real socio-economic and political change in developing countries such as Zimbabwe. In-depth interviews with five key informants from local universities helped in the analysis and they were identified using purposive sampling technique. Findings from the study revealed that social media is an effective tool of communication among citizens. Information is exchanged minute by minute among citizens, and this encourages ‘citizenry journalism.’ As such, the social media has a positive impact in mobilizing the community in bringing real social, political and economic change. The study, therefore, recommends a longer survey on the challenges of the social media movement in developing countries such as Zimbabwe.
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Muchacha, Munyaradzi, and Mildred Mushunje. "The gender dynamics of climate change on rural women's agro-based livelihoods and food security in rural Zimbabwe: implications for green social work." Critical and Radical Social Work 7, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/204986019x15491042559655.
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The impact of climate change is not gender-neutral. In this article, we argue that its impact on rural women's agro-based livelihoods and food security in Zimbabwe is underlined by unbalanced social and power relations and structural factors such as unequal access to the means of production. To that end, we involve green social work as a better positioned framework and practice to address the gendered implications of climate change surrounding rural women's livelihoods and food security in Zimbabwe. Its significance relates to its holistic nature, which can enable social workers to tackle various multidimensional issues that underlie environmental crises, such as gender inequality and poverty. Additionally, green social work has a crucial focus on policy formulation, political engagement, the protection of the environment and strengthening the resilience and coping strategies of communities.
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Machingura, Francis. "The Reading & Interpretation of Matthew 18:21-22 in Relation to Multiple Reconciliations: The Zimbabwean Experience." Exchange 39, no. 4 (2010): 331–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157254310x537016.
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AbstractThe mention of the terms ‘healing, truth and reconciliation’, conjure up different meanings across religio-political, social and economical divide in Zimbabwe. This paper seeks to explore the possible implications of the reading of Matthew 18:21-22 in relation to reconciliation in the face of continual and structural violence in Zimbabwe. This rose as a result of the multiple reconciliation undertakings that have been witnessed by the Zimbabweans since the attainment of Independence in 1980. These healing whistles have been sounded in 1980, 1987 and recently 2008 after the brutal violence that took place in different shapes and depth. Most of the victims belonged to both political parties but mostly opposition parties save the violence before Independence as shall be shown in this paper. What is interesting is that, the recent 24-26 July 2009 healing calls by Mugabe are no longer a new phenomenon in Zimbabwe, as they do not produce any positive change on people’s behaviour and attitude; when it comes to how Zimbabwean people should relate and integrate each other without resorting to violence in the face of different political views. Surprisingly the calls for peace, unity, reconciliation, integration and forgiveness have left the Zimbabwean society more: wounded, divided and polarised than healed; and more disintegrated than integrated. How does one reconcile with someone who murdered your father, raped your mother or sister in your face; and that person is not made accountable for his actions but is only asked to apologize? This paper seeks to argue that healing or any reconciliation without the seeking of truth and justice is a goose chasing as it still leaves Zimbabwe a ‘violence infested’ country. I also take issue with Religious Leaders who quote Matthew 18:21-22; as a precursor for unconditional forgiveness on the part of the victim when it comes to reconciliation and healing in Zimbabwe.
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Burke, Timothy, and James Zheng Gao. "Meeting Technology's Advance: Social Change in China and Zimbabwe in the Railway Age." International Journal of African Historical Studies 31, no. 2 (1998): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/221100.
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NCUBE, WELSHMAN. "DEALING WITH INEQUITIES IN CUSTOMARY LAW: ACTION, REACTION AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN ZIMBABWE." "International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family" 5, no. 1 (1991): 58–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/lawfam/5.1.58.
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Chigora, Farai, and Clever Vutete. "Comprehending Determinants of Demand: Zimbabwe Tourism Destination Scenario." Issues in Economics and Business 1, no. 2 (December 7, 2015): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ieb.v1i2.8689.
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<p>The study investigated on the most dominant determinants of tourism consumption in Zimbabwe tourism destination. The research design was a QUAL to QUAN sequential mixed method starting with a qualitative research design followed by quantitative research. The qualitative research helped in getting the main determinants of demand using in-depth interviews from managers and experts in the tourism industry. The agreed determinants include disposable income, demographic changes, change in taste and preferences, religion dynamics, globalization, marketing and advertisement, customer knowledge, destination branding, social networks, destination’s own price, price of other destinations and media propaganda. These where then tested for their dominance in the accommodation, travel and resort sectors in Zimbabwe through a quantitative design. The results showed that the most controlling determinants of tourism demand in these three sectors include destination’s own prices, level of disposable income, social network discussions, media propaganda, marketing and advertising. The study recommended a low pricing strategy, extensive marketing and utilization of e-resources in marketing.</p>
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Chigora, Farai, and Clever Vutete. "Comprehending Determinants of Demand: Zimbabwe Tourism Destination Scenario." Issues in Economics and Business 1, no. 2 (December 7, 2015): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ieb.v1i2.8690.
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<p>The study investigated on the most dominant determinants of tourism consumption in Zimbabwe tourism destination. The research design was a QUAL to QUAN sequential mixed method starting with a qualitative research design followed by quantitative research. The qualitative research helped in getting the main determinants of demand using in-depth interviews from managers and experts in the tourism industry. The agreed determinants include disposable income, demographic changes, change in taste and preferences, religion dynamics, globalization, marketing and advertisement, customer knowledge, destination branding, social networks, destination’s own price, price of other destinations and media propaganda. These where then tested for their dominance in the accommodation, travel and resort sectors in Zimbabwe through a quantitative design. The results showed that the most controlling determinants of tourism demand in these three sectors include destination’s own prices, level of disposable income, social network discussions, media propaganda, marketing and advertising. The study recommended a low pricing strategy, extensive marketing and utilization of e-resources in marketing.</p>
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Mwadzingeni, Liboster, Raymond Mugandani, and Paramu L. Mafongoya. "Assessing Vulnerability to Climate Change in Smallholder Irrigation Schemes of Zimbabwe." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 7, 2021): 10023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810023.
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Globally, climate change poses enormous threats to the livelihoods of rural communities in arid and semi-arid regions. Assessing the extent of vulnerability is critical to identify climate hot spots and develop appropriate adaptation policies and strategies. This paper uses the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) and the Livelihood Vulnerability Index—Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (LVI-IPCC) to compare vulnerability to climate change in the Exchange, Insukamini, and Ruchanyu smallholder irrigation schemes (SISs) in the Midlands Province of Zimbabwe. A questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 317 randomly selected households. Results show higher exposure and sensitivity to climate change in the Insukamini irrigation scheme despite the higher adaptive capacity. Both LVI and LVI-IPCC show that households in Insukamini irrigation scheme are more vulnerable to climate change than in Exchange and Ruchanyu irrigation schemes, attributed to water insecurity, poor social networks, and natural disasters and climate variability. The study recommends that development and investment in Insukamini and Ruchanyu should prioritize improving social networks while Exchange should primarily focus on improving livelihood strategies. Using the LVI-IPCC framework is a key methodology for understanding the vulnerability of communities in SISs and identifying areas that need prime development and investment. These results have implications on implementing investments and livelihood policies in SISs of Zimbabwe.
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Dube, Thulani, Saziso Sibanda, and Phibion Chiwara. "Adapting peri-urban agriculture to climate change in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe: A qualitative assessment." Cogent Social Sciences 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1944486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2021.1944486.
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Pong, David. "Meeting Technology's Advance: Social Change in China and Zimbabwe in the Railway Age (review)." China Review International 6, no. 2 (1999): 444–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cri.1999.0042.
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Dhliwayo, Nyaradzo, Nelson Chanza, and Anton De Wit. "Beyond climatic intervention: The social dimension of a biogas project in Sogwala village, Zimbabwe." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 31, no. 4 (November 21, 2020): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2020/v31i4a8924.
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There is now considerable interest to understand how local communities experiencing climatic risks can benefit from climate change responses. As this agenda unfolds, there is need to understand the impact of climate-related interventions from the perspective of local populations targeted by such projects. Existing assessment approaches tend to concentrate on the environmental and economic impacts of projects that minimise greenhouse gas emissions. This study assesses the social aspect of a domestic biogas project that was intended to address the twin challenges of poverty and climate change in Sogwala village, Zimbabwe. A three-tier methodological execution process was adopted, involving field reconnaissance, household survey and key informant interviews. The focus was on measuring the social dimension of the changes brought about by the project, from the experiences of participating households. With a consciousness of assessment challenges associated with community projects, social capital parameters were used to assess the project’s contribution to the social well-being of the villagers. Overall, results show that the biogas project has the potential to facilitate social development through improved trust and social networks. Despite the contested climatic benefits associated with small-scale household biogas digesters, projects of this nature can enhance community relationships and networks, upon which other development interventions can be operationalised.
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Mubaya, C. P., Paramu L. Mafongoya, and Jiri Obert. "Contextualizing gender in climate change adaptation in semi-arid Zimbabwe." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 9, no. 4 (August 21, 2017): 488–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-07-2016-0095.
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Purpose Climate change impacts tend to coalesce with everyday vulnerability and affect different socio-economic groups in different ways. In this regard, this study aims to contribute to studies that make gender critical to understanding the way that climate change is experienced. Socially constructed gender differences have a bearing on the extent of exposure to climatic shocks, leading to various patterns of vulnerability to these shocks. Design/methodology/approach This study uses both qualitative and quantitative methodologies to collect data. Findings The study finds that there is an inherent potential within the study area for equal opportunities for both men and women to address levels of vulnerability to climatic shocks and, by implication, potential to challenge patriarchal structures that tend to characterize these study areas. The contextualization of gender analysis remains elusive in the face of increasingly shifting gender roles that traditionally defined women as victims to everyday vulnerability and more recently in conjunction with climatic shocks. Originality/value In this regard, this research contributes to emerging perspectives on the potential role of ‘woman as heroine’ and challenges the perception of ‘woman as victim’ in environmental management. Considerations for mainstreaming adaptation responses to climate change do not necessarily have to consider women as a special social group in isolation but, rather, implications for both men and women and caution that embeddedness remains key for gender considerations in any rural context.
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McCorley, Ciara. "Structure, agency and regime change: a comparative analysis of social actors and regime change in South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 31, no. 2 (April 2013): 265–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2013.781321.
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Manenji, Tawanda, and Barbra Marufu. "The impact of adopting e-government as a mechanism to enhance accountability as well as transparent conduct within public institutions." Scholedge International Journal of Business Policy & Governance ISSN 2394-3351 3, no. 7 (August 15, 2016): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.19085/journal.sijbpg030701.
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<em>This study examines the impact of adopting e-government as a mechanism to enhance accountability as well as transparent conduct within public institutions in Zimbabwe. There is a belief that e-government brings about better change in governance issues through active disclosure of governance information. The research found out that e-government in Zimbabwe though still being nurtured, has better prospects and there is great need for clearly setting and meeting a conducive environment for it to flourish. That is a set of pre-requirements need to be assessed before trying to implement e-government into full swing. Zimbabwe lacks an unanimous e-government strategy across its ministries hence the existence of disparities in e-government adoption within the country – some ministries are more advanced while others only exhibit the first initial stages of e-government. However, the adoption of e-government in Zimbabwe has been hampered by a plethora of challenges ranging from politics, economics, social and technological. Among them include inadequate or weak legislative frameworks guiding and directing e-government implementation, budget constraints, digital divide as well as technological incompetence. The study also makes some recommendations as to how e-government prospects can be fully attained and such remedies among others include the passing of a comprehensive IT policy which cut across all government ministries, embracing Public Private Partnerships in building IT infrastructure, and redefining government’s top priorities and focus much on e-government investment. The paper also notes the effects of poor governance to a country. Zimbabwe’s e-government strategy if managed properly, would also reduce government external debt, improve service delivery, promote economic development, and increase public accountability and transparency within the public sector.</em>
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Mudzengi, Boycen Kumira, Edson Gandiwa, Never Muboko, Chiedza Ngonidzashe Mutanga, and Simon Chiutsi. "Ecotourism resilience: The case of Mahenye community project, Chipinge District, Zimbabwe." April 2021, Volume 10(2) (April 30, 2021): 459–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.111.
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Zimbabwe has endured economic, socio-political and biophysical environmental changes that have resulted in ecotourism facing significant challenges. The Mahenye community ecotourism project has however, managed to withstand these challenges over time. This research sought to analyse the factors influencing the resilience of community ecotourism at Mahenye, Chipinge District, southeast Zimbabwe from 1982 to 2020. Research methods included desktop research, key informant interviews, critical content analysis, observations and researchers’ prior knowledge about Mahenye. The factors influencing ecotourism resilience at Mahenye included resource richness and attractiveness, tourism-product diversification, intra-communal cohesiveness, social energy, a supportive private sector and non-governmental organizations and management of risk factors. These factors ensured that the venture remained operational despite socio-economic, political and biophysical change. It is hoped the resilience lessons and experiences from Mahenye can be shared and adapted to enhance the success of other similar ecotourism ventures under changing operating environments.
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Scoones, Ian, Blasio Mavedzenge, and Felix Murimbarimba. "Medium-scale commercial farms in Africa: the experience of the ‘native purchase areas’ in Zimbabwe." Africa 88, no. 3 (July 17, 2018): 597–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972018000244.
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AbstractAcross Africa there has been a growth in medium-sized farms, including in Zimbabwe following the land reform of 2000. What are the prospects of such farms driving new forms of agricultural commercialization? In this article we seek to learn lessons from the past by examining the experience of ‘native purchase areas’, which were established from the 1930s in Zimbabwe. Through a detailed historical study of Mushagashe small-scale commercial farming area in Masvingo Province, the article explores the changing fortunes of farms over time. Historical information is complemented by a survey of twenty-six randomly selected farms, examining patterns of production, asset ownership and accumulation. In-depth interviews explore life histories and changes in social arrangements that have influenced agrarian change. Four broad farm types are identified, including those that are commercialized, projectized, villagized, and held or abandoned. These categories are not static, however, and the article emphasizes non-linear patterns of change. Following Sara Berry, we show how pathways of commercialization are diverse and unpredictable, influenced by interlocking conjunctures of social dynamics, generational changes and political-economic conditions. Commercialization outcomes are dependent on the intersection of relational dynamics and more structural, political economy factors. Bursts of commercialization on these farms are contingent on access to employment by farm owners, labour (hired, squatters and offspring) and, perhaps above all, money to invest. The much-hyped policy vision of a new medium-scale commercial farm sector emerging in Africa therefore must be qualified, and divergent outcomes recognized.
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LARSEN, MARIANNE NYLANDSTED. "Market Coordination and Social Differentiation: A Comparison of Cotton-Producing Households in Tanzania and Zimbabwe." Journal of Agrarian Change 6, no. 1 (January 2006): 102–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0366.2006.00116.x.
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Tanyanyiwa, Vincent Itai. "Indigenous Knowledge Systems and the Teaching of Climate Change in Zimbabwean Secondary Schools." SAGE Open 9, no. 4 (July 2019): 215824401988514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244019885149.
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Indigenous African education grew out of the immediate environment, real or imaginary, where people had knowledge of the environment. Indigenous education inculcated a religious attitude that imbued courtesy, generosity, and honesty. At colonization, Africans were thought of as primitive although they had their own systems, contents, and methods of education. Colonialism signified the decline in the importance of indigenous knowledge systems (IKS). By shifting focus in the core curriculum from teaching/learning based on Western science to teaching/learning through IKS as a foundation for all education, it is anticipated that all forms of knowledge, ways of knowing, and world views be acknowledged as equally valid, adaptable, and complementary to one another in equally valuable ways. The uniqueness of indigenous people and their knowledge is inextricably connected to their lands, which are situated primarily at the social-ecological margins of human habitation such as tropical forests and desert margins. It is at these margins that the consequences of climate change manifest themselves in the following sectors: agriculture, pastoralism, fishing, hunting and gathering, and other subsistence activities, including access to water. Government policies in Zimbabwe often limit options and thus undermine indigenous peoples’ efforts to adapt. IKS is very important for community-based adaptation and mitigation actions in the agricultural sector for maintenance of resilience of social-ecological systems at a local level. This article, through interviews, document analysis, and personal observations, proposes that it is best for Zimbabwe to develop her own climate change curricula and modes of delivery that incorporates IKS.
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Nyahunda, Louis, and Happy Mathew Tirivangasi. "Harnessing of Social Capital as a Determinant for Climate Change Adaptation in Mazungunye Communal Lands in Bikita, Zimbabwe." Scientifica 2021 (April 19, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8416410.
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The livelihoods of rural people have been plagued by the precarious impacts of climate change–related disasters manifesting through floods, heat waves, droughts, cyclones, and erratic temperatures. However, they have not remained passive victims to these impacts. In light of this, rural people are on record of employing a plethora of adaptation strategies to cushion their livelihoods from climate change impacts. In this vew, the role of social capital as a determinant of climate change adaptation is underexplored. Little attention has been paid to how social capital fostered through trust and cooperation amongst rural households and communities is essential for climate change adaptation. This study explored how people in Mazungunye communal lands are embracing social capital to adapt to climate change impacts. The researchers adopted a qualitative research approach guided by the descriptive research design. The population of the study was gathered through simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Accordingly, the population sample consisted of 25 research participants drawn from members of the community following the simple random and purposive sampling techniques. In-depth individual interviews and focus group discussions were used to collect data. Data were analysed through the Thematic Content Analysis. This study established that different forms of social capital are being embraced by the community members to withstand the effects of climate change. These include village savings clubs (fushai), chief’s granary (Zunde raMambo), collective field work (nhimbe), and destocking of livestock (kuronzera) strategies. These strategies illustrate community reliance on indigenous knowledge adaptation strategies as a community response to impacts of climate change on their livelihoods.
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Koketso Matlakala, Frans, Jabulani Calvin Makhubele, and Louis Nyahunda. "Environmental social work : accounting for women's tragedies in the face of climate change-induced disasters in Chimanimani District, Zimbabwe." African Journal of Gender, Society and Development (formerly Journal of Gender, Information and Development in Africa) 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 197–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2020/v9n4a9.
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This paper aimed to explore the repercussions of Cyclone Idai on women in Chimanimani District, Zimbabwe. There is a ubiquitous consensus in literature on gender and climate change that natural disasters have a different gender impact on men and women. In 2019, Zimbabwe was hit by torrential rains coupled with strong winds that triggered floods and mudslides, which resulted in loss of lives, displacements, destruction of infrastructure and disruption of livelihoods. This unprecedented disaster left some footprints of psychosocial distress, trauma, emotional malaise and health repercussions in the lives of its victims in Chimanimani where women were the hardest hit. The daunting impact of Cyclone Idai on women in Chimanimani falls within the context of the environmental social work practice where social workers foster healing and recovery, effective coping mechanisms and assessment of the aftermath of disasters to individuals and communities. This study was qualitative in nature, guided by the multi-case study design which operates within the traditional framework of exploratory research. A total number of twenty-five participants from Nyatanda and Pondo Rescue Camps comprising of women survivors of the disaster and social workers were purposively sampled to participate in the study. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were adopted as data collection methods. The findings were analysed through the thematic content analysis. This study established that the gendered impacts of Cyclone Idai on women received little attention in post-disaster assessment, recovery, evaluation and intervention. Nonetheless, this paper argues that in post-disaster analysis, women/girls should be identified as special populations at risk for disaster relief and recovery services and social workers have adequate expertise to execute such assignments.
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Rwafa, Urther, and Lesibana Rafapa. "TAPESTRIES OF HOPE: FILM, YOUTHS AND HIV/AIDS IN ZIMBABWE AND SOUTH AFRICA." Commonwealth Youth and Development 12, no. 1 (September 26, 2016): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1727-7140/1607.
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In Zimbabwe, the marauding effects of the human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) are felt in almost all families, among different age groups, class lines, races and creed. The effects are debated and discussed, and different intervention measures are suggested using various forms of media. The communication-science-based interventions and advocacy promoted through film are an integral part of biomedically based scientific research into understanding the nature and manifestations of HIV/AIDS. However, it is worrisome that in most of the research, debates and discussions that focus on HIV /AIDS, adults take the centre-stage. This practice of speaking for youths, and not to and with them, denies the reality that youths are agents of social change whose ‘‘voice’’ and action can have the capacity to transform society for the better in the face of HIV /AIDS. In Zimbabwe, one methodological approach that youths can use to debate and spread the message about the devastating effects of HIV/AIDS is film. In the Zimbabwean section, this article singles out the short film The sharing day (2009) as an informative and communicative tool that features youths dramatising narratives of hope, pain and sorrow as they are confronted by the reality of HIV/AIDS. In the South African section of the article, the abcnews.com documentary (2001) on Xolani Nkosi Johnson’s struggle with HIV/AIDS is used to signal hope. The article critiques documentary filmmaking on Johnson, using criteria such as youth involvement (Harrison et al. 2010; Wang 2006), effectiveness of the message (Hanan 2009) and bonding and bridging social capital (Foulis et al. 2007).
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Bengesai, Annah V., Lateef B. Amusa, and Felix Makonye. "The impact of girl child marriage on the completion of the first cycle of secondary education in Zimbabwe: A propensity score analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 9, 2021): e0252413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252413.
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Background The association between girl child marriage and education is widely acknowledged; however, there is no large body of demographic studies from Zimbabwe that have addressed this aspect. This study aimed to examine the extent to which child marriage affects one academic milestone, i.e. completion of the Ordinary Level, the first cycle of high school, which is also the most critical indicator of educational achievement in Zimbabwe. Methods We used the 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey and extracted 2380 cases of ever-married women aged between 20–29 years. We applied a propensity score-based method, which allowed us to mimic a hypothetical experiment and estimate outcomes between treated and untreated subjects. Results Our results suggest that child age at first marriage is concentrated between the ages of 15–22, with the typical age at first marriage being 18 years. Both logistic regression and PSM models revealed that early marriage decreased the chances of completing the first cycle of high school. Regression adjustment produced an estimate of prevalence ratio (PR) of 0.446 (95% CI: 0.374–0.532), while PSM resulted in an estimate (PR = 0.381; 95% CI: 0.298–0.488). Conclusion These results have implications for Zimbabwe’s development policy and suggest that girl-child marriage is a significant barrier to educational attainment. If not addressed, the country will most likely fail to meet sustainable development Goal 4.2 and 5.3. Social change interventions that target adults and counter beliefs about adolescent sexuality and prepubescent marriage should be put in place. Moreover, interventions that keep teenage girls in school beyond the first cycle of high school should be prioritised.
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Thomas, Norman E. "Book Review: The Honoured Crusade: Ralph Dodge's Theology of Liberation and Initiative for Social Change in Zimbabwe." Missiology: An International Review 21, no. 2 (April 1993): 232–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009182969302100218.
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McAllister, Georgina, and Julia Wright. "Agroecology as a Practice-Based Tool for Peacebuilding in Fragile Environments? Three Stories from Rural Zimbabwe." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (February 2, 2019): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030790.
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This paper investigates how transformative agroecology may contribute to the critical reframing of social–ecological relationships, and how this might in turn create a foundation for bottom-up peace formation in fragile environments, within which rural communities are often habituated to conditions of control, violence and mistrust that drive social division. Here, we consider the value of social farming in reforging relationships through which social–ecological change may be negotiated and alternative sources of agency and identity may be cultivated in order to transcend entrenched patterns of division. Three case studies are presented, drawing on primary data from participatory action research with farming communities in Zimbabwe that also consider the differential attitudes and experiences of agroecological and conventional farmers. The study finds that, where agroecological farmers were exposed to more plural ways of thinking, being and acting together, levels of autonomy from coercive structures were increasing, as were both a sense of efficacy and optimism to effect social–ecological change. This was particularly pronounced where collective processes to shape physical landscapes were forging bonds of solidarity, reciprocity and trust. In these cases, agroecological farmers were increasingly able to envisage a future together shaped by collective endeavour, evidenced by changing attitudes and relationships with one another and their environment. The paper explores the extent to which farmers in each location were able to instrumentalise resilience and agency for everyday peace, and the variances found according to historical context and local power dynamics that represent barriers to change.
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Leedy, Todd H. "History with a Mission: Abraham Kawadza and Narratives of Agrarian Change in Zimbabwe." History in Africa 33 (2006): 255–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2006.0016.
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He was the first man who was clever enough to realize he could sell some green maize at the mine in Penhalonga… Even to build the good houses, you had to come and copy from Kawadza. To buy ploughshares, they had to come and copy from Kawadza… Even those who bought cars, they had to copy from Kawadza… Chief Gandanzara used to walk on foot whenever he wanted to meet anyone. But because of seeing Kawadza riding a horse, he himself decided to ride on a horse… We can say in Mani-caland, or we can say in Zimbabwe, most of the good things were started with Kawadza.Histories of Africa produced during the colonial period generally begin with the premise that indigenous societies existed in a timeless, static condition. The sort of broad social changes that formed the very basis of history had seemingly never occurred within Africa. Therefore history in Africa began with early European contacts and colonial-era accounts proceeded to chronicle the variety of European activities in Africa. Even more than most Europeans in the colonies, missionaries viewed themselves as direct agents of change and therefore creators of history. Their personal accounts, usually written for public consumption back home, inevitably included both struggles and successes inherent to mission work. More specifically, in their accounts of agricultural change among African societies, missionaries frequently attempted to script for themselves the central role as protagonists driving a story of progress and civilization. In order to highlight the problematic nature of missionary accounts and their influence on other interpretations, I examine here a variety of historical sources relating to Abraham Kawadza. His life experiences support a self-peasantization approach to rural history that challenges any mission-centric interpretation of agrarian change in colonial Zimbabwe.
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Musemwa, Muchaparara. "Urban Struggles over Water Scarcity in Harare." Daedalus 150, no. 4 (2021): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_01871.
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Abstract This essay counters the growing tendency in current scholarship to attribute nearly all the enduring water scarcity problems to climate change. Focusing on Harare, Zimbabwe's capital city, this essay contends that recurrent water crises can only really be understood within the contentious, long, and complex history of water politics in the capital city from the colonial to the postcolonial period. Although the colonial and postcolonial states in Zimbabwe had very different ideological and racial policies, for various reasons, neither was willing nor able to provide adequate supplies of water to the urban poor even as water was abundant in the city's reservoirs. It posits that while the colonial government racialized access to water by restricting its use by urban Africans, the postcolonial government failed to change the colonial patterns of urban water distribution and did little to increase water supplies to keep pace with a swiftly growing urban population and a geographically expanding city.
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Garutsa, Tendayi C., Chipo P. Mubaya, and Leocadia Zhou. "Gendered differentials in climate change adaptation amongst the Shona ethnic group in Marondera Rural District, Zimbabwe: A social inclusions lens." AAS Open Research 1 (April 26, 2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.12826.1.
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Background: Various studies on climate change treat men and women as unitary categories with contrasting needs. There is a dearth of studies which use a social inclusions lens to understand the impacts of climate change on gender. Other social markers that give an in-depth insight of the social differences within and between genders to the impacts of climate change are consequently ignored. Methods: Utilizing a mixed methods approach, this study aimed to explore and investigate the gendered crops grown as a climate adaptation strategy to respond to perennial droughts, increased temperatures and unreliable rainfall patterns amongst the Shona in Marondera rural district. Results: The findings indicated that social differences between gender lines like age, household types, income, education and employment status amongst other social variables produce differentiated vulnerabilities and potential opportunities towards climate adaptation. Conclusions: The main position advanced in this article is that treating gender as the primary cause of vulnerability produces a narrow analysis making other social markers (age, types of households, income and ethnicity) analytically invisible. This paper recommends a holistic and comprehensive analysis to inform climate change programming and policy frameworks. This would in turn address and improve climate adaptation strategies within and between genders which are often obscured to address the needs of all vulnerable members of a given economy.
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Kusena, Priscilla. "The Significance of Social and Behaviour Change Communication in Promoting Uptake of Micronutrient Interventions in Rural District, Zimbabwe." TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 6, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijph.2013.06.04.art009.
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Mutandwa, Edward, Benjamine Hanyani-Mlambo, and Joseph Manzvera. "Exploring the link between climate change perceptions and adaptation strategies among smallholder farmers in Chimanimani district of Zimbabwe." International Journal of Social Economics 46, no. 7 (July 8, 2019): 850–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-12-2018-0654.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to establish the association between smallholder farmer perceptions toward climate change and adaptation strategies at the household level in Chimanimani District of Zimbabwe. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 284 households mainly using a structured questionnaire. The Heckman probit selection model was used to first identify the underlying socio-economic factors that affect households’ recognition of climate change in the past 10 years, and the second model the factors that influence adaptation to the climate change phenomenon. Findings The majority of farmers (85 percent) perceived that climate change, characterized by rising temperatures and variability in rainfall patterns, has been occurring in the past ten years. As a response, farmers adapted using methods such as manuring and staggering of planting dates. Indigenous knowledge systems and non-governmental organizations increased the likelihood farmers’ recognition of climate change (p<0.05). The probability of adopting multiple adaptation strategies was influenced by household head’s education level, land tenure and access to public extension services. Practical implications Integrative extension methods that take into account socio-cultural values could be helpful in building resilience as farmers are better able to understand the climate change construct. There is a need to guarantee land tenure rights in resettlement areas to stimulate investment on farms. Originality/value This study showed that there is a link between farmers’ prior knowledge of climate change and the number of adaptive investments. The analysis proposed an educational and extension approach that is embedded in the socio-cultural and traditional setting of farmers.
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Moyo, Gugulethu, Tapiwa Magaisa, Arthur Pagiwa, Rutendo Kandawasvika, Loveness Nyanga, Zephania Gomora, and Wilna Oldewage-Theron. "Identifying Barriers and Enablers to Exclusive Breastfeeding in Mwenezi and Chiredzi Districts, Zimbabwe." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa043_100.
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Abstract Objectives To build an understanding of factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding practices (EBF) of lactating mothers which will contribute to the development a behavior change intervention targeting mothers in households with children 0–6 months in Mwenezi and Chiredzi districts of Zimbabwe. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted in May 2018 according to the protocol laid out in United States Agency for International Development (USAID)’s “A Practical Guide to Conducting a Barrier Analysis.” It was carried out in four administrative wards in Mwenezi district and six in Chiredzi district. The behavior under study was “Mothers of children ages 0 – 6 months feed them only breast milk.” Structured in-depth interviews were administered to a total of 90 mothers with children aged 0–6 months, targeting 45 doers and 45 non-doers for the behavior, as part of formative research for the development of a social behavior change intervention. Perceived self-efficacy, social-cultural norms, perceived positive-negative consequences, cues for action and community rules and laws were identified. Qualitative analysis included coding, sorting and identifying themes. Results Barriers to EBF included high labor burden, perceived milk insufficiency and influence from mother-in-law. The main enablers were spousal support with chores and information from nurses. Mothers said that other factors that made EBF easier were a desire to have a healthy baby, feeling that breastmilk was enough to satisfy the baby and family support, while breast pain, and needing to give the baby water and other concoctions due to the heat or religious practices made it difficult. Some mothers felt that the negative consequences of breastfeeding were that it is time-consuming, increases workload and increases the risk of HIV transmission. Conclusions High labor burden, limited support with chores, in-law influence and perceived milk insufficiency impeded optimal EBF. Approval from in-laws and spouses was important in EBF. These findings were used to develop a social behavior change program that is currently being implemented in Zimbabwe, targeting pregnant and lactating women and key influencers such as mothers-in-law and spouses. Funding Sources The funding for the barrier analysis study was provided by the European Union through United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF).
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Laver, Susan M. L., Bart Van Der Borne, and Gerjo Kok. "Using Theory to Design an Intervention for HIV/AIDS Prevention in Farm Workers in Rural Zimbabwe." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 25, no. 1 (April 2005): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/xj50-mjr8-7k77-rq57.
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A variety of primary prevention strategies are used in HIV prevention programs in Africa. However, these are often developed through intuition and the theoretical basis for many interventions is limited to the knowledge /attitude model. This Article illustrates how research findings from a base-line survey are combined with Paulo Freire's social change theory and the Ecological Model for Health Promotion to develop a participatory intervention for HIV/AIDS prevention in farm workers in Zimbabwe. The article addresses the need to focus attention on the process of change at the interpersonal level, organizational and policy levels of the community. Dialogue is central to the range of strategies proposed for the intervention. The effect will be measured through process and outcome evaluation.
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Laver, Susan M. L., Bart Van Der Borne, and Gerjo Kok. "Using Theory to Design an Intervention for HIV/AIDS Prevention in Farm Workers in Rural Zimbabwe." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 15, no. 4 (January 1995): 349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/fkmx-me0c-3ptn-03x3.
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A variety of primary prevention strategies are used in HIV prevention programs in Africa. However, these are often developed through intuition and the theoretical basis for many interventions is limited to the knowledge/attitude model. This article illustrates how research findings from a base-line survey are combined with Paulo Freire's social change theory and the Ecological Model for Health Promotion to develop a participatory intervention for HIV/AIDS prevention in farm workers in Zimbabwe. The article addresses the need to focus attention on the process of change at the interpersonal level, organizational and policy levels of the community. Dialogue is central to the range of strategies proposed for the intervention. The effect will be measured through process and outcome evaluation.
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Moyo, Gugulethu Thandeka, Tapiwa Magaisa, Arthur Pagiwa, Rutendo Kandawasvika, Loveness Nyanga, Zephenia Gomora, and Wilna Oldewage-Theron. "Barriers and facilitators of exclusive breastfeeding: Findings from a Barrier Analysis Conducted in Mwenezi and Chiredzi Districts, Zimbabwe." World Nutrition 11, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26596/wn.202011312-21.
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A barrier analysis study was carried out in Mwenezi and Chiredzi Districts of Zimbabwe, to guide the development of a community-based behaviour change program. The aim of the barrier analysis was to identify factors that influenced a woman’s infant feeding and care practices. This paper reports the findings for one behaviour, exclusive breastfeeding. The study was based on the methodology from “A Practical Guide to Conducting a Barrier Analysis” (Kittle 2013). Structured in-depth interviews were administered to 91 women who were mothers of infants under the age of six months, 46 of whom who were exclusively breastfeeding and 45 who were not. Issues pertaining to self-efficacy, social support and perceived risks and benefits, as well as cultural and community norms and rules were identified. The qualitative analysis included sorting and identifying themes. Common barriers for exclusive breastfeeding were influence from the mother-in-law, high maternal workload, and perceived breast milk insufficiency. The main enablers were breastfeeding knowledge, the presence of a spouse/partner who assisted with chores and nurses who provided breastfeeding information. The insights gained from this study were used by Nutrition Action Zimbabwe to develop a behaviour change programme that was implemented from 2018-2020.
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Seda, Owen, and Nehemiah Chivandikwa. "CIVIL SOCIETY, RELIGION AND APPLIED THEATRE IN A KAIROTIC MOMENT - PRELIMINARY REFLECTIONS ON A PROJECT ON POLITICAL VIOLENCE & TORTURE IN ZIMBABWE: 2001 – 2002." Commonwealth Youth and Development 14, no. 2 (March 28, 2017): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1727-7140/1806.
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This article is a critical reflection on possibilities for social transformation and democratisation that can be possibly realised through collaborations between young people in civil society, African traditional religion and the Christian movement in contemporary contexts. In this context the focus on young people as key agents of change is informed by the frequent observation that young people are often the major perpetrators (and victims) of political violence and yet the least beneficiaries from the political spoils. The article analyses a project in the use of applied theatre to address political violence and torture that was conducted by the University of Zimbabwe's Department of Theatre Arts and Amani Trust some time between October 2001 and March 2002. The article uses that project to investigate and to illustrate some of the opportunities that can be harnessed by religious arms of civil society to strengthen peace in disadvantaged rural communities, such as we find in contemporary Zimbabwe, and which often bear the brunt of social unrest in times of political uncertainty. The study approaches time as a social construct that determines human agency and decision-making in order to adopt the biblical concept of ‘kairos’ or the ‘kairotic’ moment. The ‘kairotic’ moment referred to in this paper is the period between 1999 and 2008 when the Zimbabwean polity faced one of its severest national crises following protracted political contestation. This resulted in unprecedented levels of political intolerance, and state-sanctioned violence and torture in the country’s post-independence history. This level of political violence was perhaps second only to the infamous Gukurahundi massacres, which took place in the Midlands and Matebeleland provinces during the mid-1980s. We also view the kairotic moment as a critical moment for making a fundamental decision. It is full of both promise and danger, so much so that whether the moment ‘reaps’ hope or danger depends on how the moment is seized. We ask: Did civil society seize the moment to reap hope? In other words, we analyse whether various arms of Zimbabwean civil society took advantage of the ‘pregnant’ or kairotic moment to liberate itself. The authors adopt existing discourses on civil society and liberation theology to argue that whenever the time is ripe for meaningful intervention, there in fact exist immense opportunities for different branches of civil society domiciled in both traditional African and modern Christian religions to harness applied theatre in the service of peace and democratisation in the face of political adversity and uncertainty.
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Majukwa, Donnemore, Susan K. Fan, and Rocky J. Dwyer. "Impact of sustainability strategies on small- and medium-sized enterprises in Zimbabwe." World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 16, no. 2 (April 9, 2020): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjemsd-10-2019-0079.
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PurposeThis qualitative multiple-case study aims to explore strategies that owners of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Zimbabwe use to sustain their businesses.Design/methodology/approachThe participants of this study consisted of owners of SMEs purposefully selected who were successful in implementing sustainable strategies for over five years. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with each participant to gain a deeper understanding of their experience in implementing sustainable strategies for SMEs. The general systems theory, which specifies the relationship and interaction of a system and its environment, was applied as a framework to explain the sustainability strategies for SMEs in Zimbabwe.FindingsFour major themes emerged from data analysis: passion and dedication, quality of products and services, customer satisfaction and employing staff with the right skills.Practical implicationsThis study may lead owners of SMEs to create growth strategies for their businesses, increase revenue for the country and create long-term job opportunities for the communities.Originality/valueThe findings from the study addressed the gap on the existing literature and contribute to the body of knowledge on effective business practices, particularly for SMEs in Zimbabwe and other developing economies. The results of the study could catalyze a positive social change by improving workforce capabilities, creating awareness of the success of entrepreneurs in Zimbabwe and increasing the interest of financial institutions in lending to SMEs.
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Chidakwa, Patience, Clifford Mabhena, Blessing Mucherera, Joyline Chikuni, and Chipo Mudavanhu. "Women’s Vulnerability to Climate Change: Gender-skewed Implications on Agro-based Livelihoods in Rural Zvishavane, Zimbabwe." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 27, no. 2 (June 2020): 259–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971521520910969.
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Climate change presents a considerable threat to human security, with notable gender disproportions. Women’s vulnerability to climate change has implications on agro-based livelihoods, especially the rural populace. The primary purpose of this study was to assess women’s vulnerability to climate change and the gender-skewed implications on agro-based livelihoods in rural Zvishavane, Zimbabwe. A qualitative approach that used purposive sampling techniques was adopted. Data was collected through 20 in-depth interviews with 11 de jure and 9 de facto small-scale female-headed farmer households. Two focus group discussions with mixed de facto and de jure small-scale female-headed farmer households were also conducted. Five key informant interviews were held with departmental heads of the Ministry of Women’s Affairs, Gender and Community Development; the Agriculture Technical Extension Service Department; the Livestock Production Department; the Runde Rural District Council and the Meteorological Services Department. Gendered effects were noted in terms of increased roles and responsibilities for women. Observations showed that there was an increase in distances travelled by women to fetch water owing to a depleted water table. Climate-induced migration of men due to depleted livelihoods in rural areas has also increased roles and responsibilities for women. The traditional male responsibilities assumed by women included cattle herding and ox-driven ploughing. This study concluded that adaptation strategies towards vulnerability to climate change have to be gender-sensitive and area-specific. This study also recommended that response programmes and policies meant to curb existing gendered vulnerabilities should be informed by evidence because climate-change effects are unique for different geographical areas. Moreover, adaptation activities should be mainstreamed in community processes so as to reduce the burden on women and increase sustainability opportunities.
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Ngwane, Trevor, and Patrick Bond. "South Africa’s Shrinking Sovereignty: Economic Crises, Ecological Damage, Sub-Imperialism and Social Resistances." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 20, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2020-20-1-67-83.
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The development of contemporary South Africa political economy occurred within the context of a global capitalist order characterized by increasingly unequal political and economic relations between and within countries. Before liberation in 1994, many people across the world actively supported the struggle against apartheid, with South Africa’s neighbouring states paying the highest price. The ‘sovereignty’ of the apartheid state was challenged by three processes: first, economic, cultural and sporting sanctions called for by Nelson Mandela’s African National Congress and other liberation movements, which from the 1960s-80s were increasingly effective in forcing change; second, solidaristic foreign governments including Sweden’s and the USSR’s provided material support to overthrowing the Pretoria Regime; and third, military defeat in Angola and the liberation of neighbouring Mozambique (1975), Zimbabwe (1980) and Namibia (1990) signalled the inevitability of change. But that state nevertheless maintained sufficient strength - e.g. defaulting on foreign debt and imposing exchange controls in 1985 - to ensure a transition to democracy that was largely determined by local forces. Since 1994, the shrinkage of sovereignty means the foreign influences of global capitalism amplify local socio-economic contradictions in a manner destructive to the vast majority of citizens. This is evident when considering economic, ecological, geopolitical and societal considerations.
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Mutambisi, Sebastian, Dora Dorothy Murasi, and Crispen Mazodze. "The Impact of the Covid‑19 Pandemic on Student Affairs Practitioners: A Reflective Case Study from Bindura University of Science Education in Zimbabwe." Journal for Students Affairs in Africa 9, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24085/jsaa.v9i1.1437.
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The Covid‑19 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on faculty and student affairs practitioners which has changed the future of higher education worldwide. This reflective practitioner account looks into its impact on practitioners working in student affairs, some of which is not immediately visible, but unfortunately very significant and will surface in the medium and long term. There has been tremendous uncertainty for Student Affairs practitioners as a result of disruption from familiar routines and unexpected disengagement with their clients, the students. The change management perspective and scholarship of practice were adopted as methods of observing how a department in a university deals with unplanned change. The study concluded that the Covid‑19 pandemic impacted practitioners negatively at the case university as new skills were required, practitioners were required to adjust to new work arrangements, lost income, suffered mental health problems and faced resource constrains. Training and development, social media, employee support systems and employee incentives were catalysts in the early adoption of change.
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Makuvaro, Veronica, Cyril T. F. Murewi, John Dimes, and Ignatius Chagonda. "Are Smallholder Farmers’ Perceptions of Climate Variability and Change Supported by Climate Records? A Case Study of Lower Gweru in Semiarid Central Zimbabwe." Weather, Climate, and Society 10, no. 1 (November 27, 2017): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-16-0029.1.
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Abstract The livelihoods of the majority of people in semiarid areas of developing nations are based on rain-fed agriculture. In the wake of climate variability and change, communities in these regions are the most vulnerable because of their limited capacities to adapt to environmental changes. Smallholder farmers in the study area, Lower Gweru in central Zimbabwe, ascertain that they have observed changes in some rainfall and temperature patterns. These changes include higher temperatures, an increased number of seasons without enough rainfall, and an increased frequency of droughts and lengths of dry spells. The aim of this study was to find out whether farmers’ perceptions are supported by mean and extreme event trends in observed historical climate data. Gweru Thornhill meteorological data were analyzed for significant trends. The analysis showed that temperatures are increasing significantly, consistent with farmers’ observations that temperatures are getting hotter. This study revealed that farmer perceptions on rainfall were not consistent with historical climatic trends. Thus, farmers in the Lower Gweru area may not be a very reliable source of long-term rainfall trends.
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Mudefi, Rwadzisai Abraham, Manasa Sibanda, and Evans Chazireni. "The Impact of Climate Change on Migration Patterns of Rural Women in Marange, Zimbabwe. (2006-2016)." International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review 10, no. 01 (January 29, 2019): 20574–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr.v10i01.645.
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The paper looks at the impact of climate change on migration patterns of women in Marange, Zimbabwe between 2006 and 2016. Correlational research design was used. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. A sample of 384 households was selected using a systematic deliberate convenience sampling technique. Focus group discussions, direct observation, desk research, a questionnaire survey and key informant interviews were used to collect data. The SPSS version 12 software was used to analyse quantitative data, while themes were developed for qualitative data. The results established that the major push factors for migration were due to the negative impact of climate change, particularly prolonged drought (94%) and hot temperatures (88%). Locally, migrants settled at water sources, wetlands, river banks and pasture lands with the worst affected areas being Mpudzi, Odzi, Burma Valley and Vumba. These new settlements posed social, economic, and administrative challenges and generated natural resource use conflicts at local level. Internationally, migrants settled in Mozambique, South Africa and Zambia. It emerged that young and single women (18-25 years) migrate more and permanently than older and married (>25 years) who were seasonal migrants. Women from large families (5-9 members) migrated more than those from smaller families (<3 members). The study concluded that the impact of climate change especially prolonged drought increases migration of young and single women from large families. It recommended an investment in infrastructure that promote irrigation and employment creation for locals in the diamond mining field to diversify their livelihood options and reduce outward migration of women
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Chikozho, Claudious. "Applied social research and action priorities for adaptation to climate change and rainfall variability in the rainfed agricultural sector of Zimbabwe." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 35, no. 13-14 (January 2010): 780–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2010.07.006.
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Montaño, Daniel E., Danuta Kasprzyk, Deven T. Hamilton, Mufuta Tshimanga, and Gerald Gorn. "Evidence-Based Identification of Key Beliefs Explaining Adult Male Circumcision Motivation in Zimbabwe: Targets for Behavior Change Messaging." AIDS and Behavior 18, no. 5 (January 19, 2014): 885–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-013-0686-7.
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Kasprzyk, Danuta, Mufuta Tshimanga, Deven T. Hamilton, Gerald J. Gorn, and Daniel E. Montaño. "Identification of Key Beliefs Explaining Male Circumcision Motivation Among Adolescent Boys in Zimbabwe: Targets for Behavior Change Communication." AIDS and Behavior 22, no. 2 (January 12, 2017): 454–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1664-7.
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Chanza, Nelson, Pakama Q. Siyongwana, Leizel Williams-Bruinders, Veronica Gundu-Jakarasi, Chipo Mudavanhu, Vusomuzi B. Sithole, and Albert Manyani. "Closing the Gaps in Disaster Management and Response: Drawing on Local Experiences with Cyclone Idai in Chimanimani, Zimbabwe." International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 11, no. 5 (July 27, 2020): 655–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13753-020-00290-x.
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Abstract Cyclone Idai in Zimbabwe exposed deficiencies in the country’s disaster management system. This study uses a phenomenological case exploration of the experiences of local residents in Rusitu Valley following cyclone-induced floods that affected the area in March 2019. Through capturing narratives of participants who were recruited through chain referrals, the research intends to understand how local actors, utilizing their local-based response systems, managed to fill in the voids that characterize disaster management practice in Zimbabwe. Results show that the participation of local “heroes” and “Samaritans,” by deploying their social networks, norms, relationships, practices, and modest ingenuity, helped to speed up response times and minimize threats to lives and livelihoods. Documentation of the stories of local actors about their disaster experiences also gives a richer picture of the Cyclone Idai disaster. Although the community response system also facilitated the operation of external disaster management agencies, their premature withdrawal tended to weaken the trust and values existing in the area, and created tensions between the disaster-affected people and other villagers. Given the delays in formal responses by the government and other external relief agencies, the practices of local actors, although spontaneous and largely uncoordinated, offer rich insights into the design and development of disaster management regimes.
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Akello, Juliet, Alejandro Ortega-Beltran, Bwalya Katati, Joseph Atehnkeng, Joao Augusto, Chama M. Mwila, George Mahuku, David Chikoye, and Ranajit Bandyopadhyay. "Prevalence of Aflatoxin- and Fumonisin-Producing Fungi Associated with Cereal Crops Grown in Zimbabwe and Their Associated Risks in a Climate Change Scenario." Foods 10, no. 2 (January 31, 2021): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10020287.
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In most sub-Saharan African countries, staple cereal grains harbor many fungi and some produce mycotoxins that negatively impact health and trade. Maize and three small grain cereals (sorghum, pearl millet, and finger millet) produced by smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe during 2016 and 2017 were examined for fungal community structure, and total aflatoxin (AF) and fumonisin (FM) content. A total of 800 maize and 180 small grain samples were collected at harvest and during storage from four agroecological zones. Fusarium spp. dominated the fungi associated with maize. Across crops, Aspergillusflavus constituted the main Aspergillus spp. Small grain cereals were less susceptible to both AF and FM. AF (52%) and FM (89%) prevalence was higher in maize than in small grains (13–25% for AF and 0–32% for FM). Less than 2% of small grain samples exceeded the EU regulatory limit for AF (4 µg/kg), while <10% exceeded the EU regulatory limit for FM (1000 µg/kg). For maize, 28% and 54% of samples exceeded AF and FM Codex guidance limits, respectively. Higher AF contamination occurred in the drier and hotter areas while more FM occurred in the wetter year. AF exposure risk assessment revealed that small grain consumption posed low health risks (≤0.02 liver cancer cases/100,000 persons/year) while maize consumption potentially caused higher liver cancer rates of up to 9.2 cases/100,000 persons/year depending on the locality. Additionally, FM hazard quotients from maize consumption among children and adults were high in both years, but more so in a wet year than a dry year. Adoption of AF and FM management practices throughout the maize value chain coupled with policies supporting dietary diversification are needed to protect maize consumers in Zimbabwe from AF- and FM-associated health effects. The higher risk of health burden from diseases associated with elevated concentration of mycotoxins in preferred maize during climate change events can be relieved by increased consumption of small grains.