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1

King, Martina. "Gesteinsschichten, Tasthaare, Damenmoden: Epistemologie des Vergleichens zwischen Natur und Kultur – um und nach 1800." Internationales Archiv für Sozialgeschichte der deutschen Literatur 45, no. 2 (2020): 246–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iasl-2020-0014.

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AbstractThis paper investigates comparison as a fundamental practice within the early life sciences. Four episodes are selected that show how comparing species works in the early 19th century and how it builds bridges between scientific and literary culture: comparing living organisms in pre-Darwinian natural history (Lacépède, Treviranus), comparing species distribution in actualistic geology (Lyell), comparing organs in comparative anatomy (Müller), and – last but not least – comparing social classes in new literary genres such as sketch, ‘Paris physiology’, or travel feuilleton.
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Ching-Hwang, Yen. "Class Structure and Social Mobility in the Chinese Community in Singapore and Malaya 1800–1911." Modern Asian Studies 21, no. 3 (1987): 417–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x0000915x.

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The social history of the Chinese community in Singapore and Malaya in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries cannot be fully understood if aspects of class structure and social mobility are not examined. Of course, the social relations of the Chinese were principally determined by kinship and dialect ties, but they were also affected by class affiliations. Class status, like kinship and dialect relations distanted Chinese immigrants from one another. This paper seeks to examine the nature and structure of Chinese classes, class relations and the channels of social mobility in the Chines
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LOOIJESTEIJN, HENK. "Funding and founding private charities: Leiden almshouses and their founders, 1450–1800." Continuity and Change 27, no. 2 (2012): 199–239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026841601200015x.

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ABSTRACTThis article presents a case study of the founders of almshouses for the elderly in the Dutch city of Leiden during the late middle ages and the early modern age. First, an overview of Leiden's almshouses is given and an assessment made of their importance for the elderly. Next, a prosopography of Leiden's almshouse founders is presented, and reasons for founding almshouses discussed, focusing on religion, status, and the support of one's nearest and dearest. This is followed by an analysis of the social class of almshouse inhabitants. This article contends that via almshouse foundatio
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4

Vallina Rodríguez, Alejandro, Concepción Camarero Bullón, and Laura García Juan. "Las topografías médicas de Ciudad Rodrigo: sociedad, territorio y salubridad en la raya hispanoportuguesa." Vínculos de Historia Revista del Departamento de Historia de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, no. 12 (June 28, 2023): 370–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18239/vdh_2023.12.20.

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RESUMENLa presente investigación ahonda en el tratamiento integral de fuentes geohistóricas textuales. Está basada en la recuperación, el análisis y la apertura de nuevas fórmulas de conocimiento científico abiertas y extensivas a la sociedad global. Entre 1850 y 1940 se elaboran en España más de cuatrocientas obras médicas (geografías o topografías médicas), bajo influencia de las teorías higienistas en el urbanismo y la sociedad en su conjunto, que constituyen unas fuentes de información y documentación enormemente valiosas, y relativamente poco estudiadas, para el conocimiento de los espaci
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Mukhatova, O. H. "PRE-REVOLUTION HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN KAZAKHSTAN IN THE EARLY 19TH-XX CENTURIES." edu.e-history.kz 29, no. 1 (2022): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.51943/2710-3994_2022_29_1_77-91.

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In the article, the works of pre-revolutionary Russian officials and researchers, educational specialists, who considered various issues of Kazakh education, are analyzed in a historiographical sense. A. Alectrov, A.V. Vasiliev, K. Belavin's works and articles on education of Kazakh children in Ural, Torgai, Orynbor regions published in periodicals are analyzed. The researches published in Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods are also analyzed in order to verify the historiographical facts. The content and significance of the works described about the Ory
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Shumakov, Andrey. "Gabriel's Failed Revolution of 1800: Causes and Prerequisites." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 1(61) (December 15, 2023): 186–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-61-1-186-203.

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This work is devoted to a very little-studied topic of the Virginia Slave Conspiracy led by Gabriel and is the first study of this issue in Russian historiography. The present article analyzes in detail the causes and prerequisites of the failed uprising of 1800. At the same time, the author relies on the published materials of the trial and the works of leading Western researchers. 
 The first part is devoted directly to the history of studying this issue. Using historical-genetic and retrospective methods, the author traces the influence of foreign policy, domestic political, social, ec
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Wrightson, Keith. "The Enclosure of English Social History." Rural History 1, no. 1 (1990): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300003216.

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It is now roughly a quarter of a century since the proponents of a new social history of early modern England offered students of the period a novel agenda and an unprecedented opportunity. Prior to the 1960s social history had been variously understood as the history of everyday life, of the lower classes and popular movements, or as a junior partner in the relatively recently-established firm of economic and social history (occupied in the main with the study of social institutions and social policy). As such, it had produced more than a few pioneering works of outstanding quality and lastin
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8

Бедретдинова, Л. Н. "Иван III в ранних работах С.М. Соловьева". Historical bulletin 8, № 1 (2025): 187–93. https://doi.org/10.58224/2658-5685-2025-8-1-187-193.

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целью статьи является изучение взгляда С.М. Соловьева на князей, отношения между ними и изменения описания разных его трудах. Статья посвящена анализу эволюции взглядов С.М. Соловьева на Ивана III сравнивая его ранние работы с фундаментальным трудом "История России с древних времён". В ранних исследованиях, таких как диссертация "Социальные классы и гос. учреждения Русского государства в начале 17 в.", Соловьев фокусируется на классовых конфликтах и социальных процессах, представляя Ивана III как монарха, укрепляющих власть и централизующих государство. Автор подчёркивает важность политических
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Lincoln, Andrew. "Anna Barbauld and Charlotte Smith on War and Acquiescence." Eighteenth-Century Life 44, no. 3 (2020): 119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00982601-8718688.

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This essay considers works published by two women writers as Britain was preparing for hostilities against revolutionary France in 1793: a Fast Day sermon, Sins of Government, Sins of the Nation, published anonymously by Anna Barbauld, Charlotte Smith’s novel The Old Manor House, and her blank verse poem The Emigrants. It considers how these works, which condemn the guilt arising from war, expose the problem of necessary acquiescence in what is condemned. Taken together, the writings illuminate two sides of the problem. As a Dissenter, Barbauld belonged to a social group that, during the early
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10

Bolt, Valentina. "Italian campaign of Alexander Suvorov in the historical works of his contemporaries." Annual of French Studies 57 (2024): 315–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32608/0235-4349-2024-1-57-315-331.

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The historiography of Suvorov's Italian campaign includes a wide range of studies in different languages. The first publications on this topic came from the pen of contemporaries of those events already in 1799-1800. At the same time, two main trends in their coverage were formed, which exist to this day. The first is to consider the events of 1799 through the prism of Suvorov's military biography. His role in them is recognized by many historians from different countries as the most significant, although many other famous generals from both the allied and French armies participated in the cam
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Sukhikh, V. V. "Economic and Political Views of Nikolai Kondratiev in 1913–1915 (Based on his Book “The Development of the Economy of Kineshma Zemstvo in Kostroma Province”)." AlterEconomics 19, no. 1 (2022): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31063/altereconomics/2022.19-1.3.

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In 2022, academia will celebrate 130th anniversary of the outstanding Russian economist Nikolai Kondratiev. Despite the great scholarly interest in Kondratiev’s mature work, his early studies are much less known. This paper analyzes Kondratiev’s economic and political views in 1913-1915, at the time of writing and publishing his first book “The Development of the Economy of Kineshma Zemstvo in Kostroma Province: Socio-Economic and Financial Study”. The article discusses Kondratiev’s views on society and economy in the prerevolutionary period. Kondratiev was a proponent of the positivist approa
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Filonenko, Oksana. "CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF PUBLIC AND EDUCATIONAL SOCIETIES OF UKRAINE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURY." Academic Notes Series Pedagogical Science 1, no. 204 (2022): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2415-7988-2022-1-204-79-84.

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The article describes the activities of public educational societies of Ukraine in the second half of the XIX – early XX century. It was found that the period of the second half of the XIX – early XX century was one of the most complex and dynamic in the history of national education. The rapid development of scientific and technological progress and market relations has significantly exacerbated the increase in requirements for general education and training. Public educational activities, which offered new, more democratic and progressive ways of educational evolution, also became significan
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Zhurba, O. I., та T. F. Lytvynova. "Antiquity as an ideal and a factor in the formation of the intellectual landscape of Ukraine in the second half of the XVIII – early ХІХ centuries". Studies in history and philosophy of science and technology 32, № 2 (2024): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/272319.

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The role and place of ancient intellectual heritage (fiction, mythology, historical works, political and philosophical treatises) in the formation of the intellectual landscape of Ukraine during the late Enlightenment are presented and analyzed. The purpose of the work was to find out the methods of assimilation and instrumentalization of the culture of Antiquity in the Ukrainian intellectual environment. The research methodology is based on intellectual history approaches aimed at identifying the mechanisms of formation and structures of the intellectual landscape of certain cultural areas. T
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14

Merimerin, Ievgen. "Reflection in historical songs and dumas the topics of the national liberation struggle in the Hetmanate." PEREIASLAV CHRONICLE, no. 14 (November 30, 2018): 70–80. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2345739.

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The article analyses the features of reflection of the national liberation struggle of the Hetmanate population in the second half of the XVII – the beginning of the XVIII century in historical songs and dumas. The folk songs and dumas in the context of the Hetmanate’s history are the significant sources for an objective determining of the level of Ukrainian state idea, social ideals and reflections, the subculture of different classes, as well as the relations of representatives of ethnic groups (Ukrainians, Russians, Poles, Moldovans, Turks, Tatars, etc.).&nbs
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15

Aleksanyan, Alvard. "Frick՚s Legal and Political Views." Bulletin of Yerevan University C: Jurisprudence 15, no. 2 (41) (2024): 94–104. https://doi.org/10.46991/bysu.c/2024.15.2.094.

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Frick (1230-1310) is one of the talented and original representatives of medieval Armenian secular poetry. He remained in history as a poet, but it is worth noting that in his few works that have come down to us, he turned to multifaceted legal, political, and religious issues. He was a consistent successor and developer of the medieval literary secular-democratic trend. Not being free from medieval religious ideology, he introduced criticism and analysis into the idealistic worldview. One of the themes of his secular poems is the historical fate of the Armenian people, the political, economic
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16

Cachero Vinuesa, Montserrat, and Natalia Maillard Álvarez. "El Análisis de Redes como herramienta para los historiadores." Vínculos de Historia Revista del Departamento de Historia de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, no. 11 (June 22, 2022): 215–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18239/vdh_2022.11.09.

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En las últimas décadas las referencias al Análisis de Redes han ganado protagonismo entre los historiadores. Hemos asistido a una auténtica proliferación de artículos, monográficos y proyectos de investigación en los que el estudio de las interconexiones en sociedades del pasado ocupa un papel central. Desafortunadamente, en algunos de estos trabajos la conceptualización y la cuantificación han estado ausentes. El presente artículo pretende explorar el potencial del Análisis de Redes como herramienta metodológica aplicable a la disciplina histórica en sus distintos campos de investigación. Pre
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17

Kodres, Krista. "Toward a New Concept of Progressive Art: Art History in the Service of Modernisation in the Late Socialist Period. An Estonian Case." Artium Quaestiones, no. 30 (December 20, 2019): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/aq.2019.30.10.

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The paper deals with renewal of socialist art history in the Post-Stalinist period in Soviet Union. The modernisation of art history is discussed based on the example of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (Estonian SSR), where art historians were forced to accept the Soviets’ centrally constructed Marxist-Leninist aesthetic and approach to art and art history. In the art context, the idea of progressiveness began to be reconsidered. In previous discourse, progress was linked with the “realist” artistic method that sprang from a progressive social order. Now, however, art historians found n
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18

Соловйова, Тетяна, Олеся Ткаченко, and Тетяна Ткаченко. "VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN PEREYASLAV IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY: CONTENT AND MAIN ACTIVITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL EDUCATION." Український літопис, no. 4 (January 17, 2025): 118–25. https://doi.org/10.31470/2786-8583-2024-4-118-125.

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A retrospective analysis of professional education development and formation of Pereiaslav at the beginning XX century was made in this article; the development of commercial school of Pereiaslav at the beginning XX century, vocational technical training was studied on the archive recording and egghead paperback research and analysis ground. Descriptive information: history, professional education, Maecenas. The history of professional education development and formation is an essential part of national history.Taking into account modern educational reforms in Ukraine the interest in analyzing
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Knieža, Skirmantas. "The Intrinsic and Extrinsic. Latinitas in the Research of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania." Literatūra 62, no. 3 (2020): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/litera.2020.3.6.

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This paper analyses the reception of Latin language and culture in the research of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It focuses on the works of various disciplines – social and cultural history, literary research, art criticism, etc. – and seeks to identify the recurring themes, symbols and topics that comprise homogenous narratives and interpretations. They consolidate the findings of different fields of study and thus allow to analyse the Latinitas of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as an integral part of the political community’s identity.The symbols of Latin language and culture can be identified
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20

Dal Prete, Ivano. "On the Edge of Eternity: The Antiquity of the Earth in Medieval and Early Modern Europe." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 76, no. 2 (2024): 139–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56315/pscf9-24dalprete.

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ON THE EDGE OF ETERNITY: The Antiquity of the Earth in Medieval and Early Modern Europe by Ivano Dal Prete. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2022. 214 pages of text plus 82 pages of notes, a bibliography, an index, and sixteen pages of black-and-white halftones. Hardcover; $37.99. ISBN: 9780190678890. Kindle; $25.99. ISBN: 9780190678890. *Ivano Dal Prete is a senior lecturer in the History of Science and Medicine program at Yale University. After receiving his doctorate at the University of Verona, he served as a visiting professor at Columbia, Harvard, and Minnesota before coming to Yale.
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Dal Prete, Ivano. "On the Edge of Eternity: The Antiquity of the Earth in Medieval and Early Modern Europe." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 76, no. 2 (2024): 139–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56315/pscf09-24dalprete.

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ON THE EDGE OF ETERNITY: The Antiquity of the Earth in Medieval and Early Modern Europe by Ivano Dal Prete. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2022. 214 pages of text plus 82 pages of notes, a bibliography, an index, and sixteen pages of black-and-white halftones. Hardcover; $37.99. ISBN: 9780190678890. Kindle; $25.99. ISBN: 9780190678890. *Ivano Dal Prete is a senior lecturer in the History of Science and Medicine program at Yale University. After receiving his doctorate at the University of Verona, he served as a visiting professor at Columbia, Harvard, and Minnesota before coming to Yale.
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Parrott, David. "Review Article : An Age of Iron? Recent Works on Early Modern European Social and Economic HistoryJohn Walter and Roger Schofield, eds, Famine, Disease and the Social Order in Early Modern Society, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989; xiv + 335 pp.; £35.00. John Komlos, Nutrition and Economic Development in the Eighteenth-Century Habsburg Monarchy. An Anthropometric History, Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1989; xvii + 325 pp.; US$45.00. Thomas Robisheaux, Rural Society and the Search for Order in Early Modern Germany, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989; xvi + 297 pp.; £27.50. James R. Farr, Hands of Honor. Artisans and Their World in Drjon, 1550-1650, Ithaca NY and London, Cornell University Press, 1988; xiii + 298 pp.; US$39.95. Philip Benedict, ed., Cities and Social Change in Early Modern France, London, Unwin Hyman, 1989; xiv + 251 pp.; £30.00. Kristen B. Neuschel, Word of Honor. Interpreting Noble Culture in Sixteenth-Century France, Ithaca NY and London, Cornell University Press, 1989; xiv + 223 pp. ; US$30.75. R. A. Houston, Literacy in Early Modern Europe. Culture and Education 1500-1800, London, Longman, 1988; ix + 266 pp.; £15.95 hardback, £7.95 paperback." European History Quarterly 21, no. 4 (1991): 537–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026569149102100405.

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Марія, Кушнарьова. "Учень чи самоучка: формування самосвідомості митців раннього італійського Ренесансу". ВІСНИК Львівської національної академії мистецтв, № 35 (16 липня 2018): 39–54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1313080.

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Since the beginning of the XXth century world art have been dealing with real boom of autodidacts. Artworks of autodidacts P.Gauguin, H.Rousseau, M.Utrillo, M. de Vlaminck, N.Pirosmani, M.Prymachenko, K.Bilokur, I.Generalić, A.Katajainen, other painters had become real sensations of the century. Now we can observe new, much more massive wave of autodidacts. Internet and new technologies had made the process of search for information significantly easier and simpler and it’s a reason why many people now use to give preference to concrete, applied information and skills or rather its illus
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Richards, Joan L. "Generations of Reason: A Family's Search for Meaning in Post-Newtonian England." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 75, no. 1 (2023): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.56315/pscf3-23richards.

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GENERATIONS OF REASON: A Family's Search for Meaning in Post-Newtonian England by Joan L. Richards. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2021. 456 pages, with 21 b/w illustrations, 1,218 endnotes, and a 35-page index. Hardcover; $45.00. ISBN: 9780300255492. *The title gives no clue who this book is about. Nor does the publisher's description on its website, the abbreviated blurb inside the book jacket, the four endorsements posted on the jacket's back ("beautifully written," "epic masterpiece," "magnificent study," "compelling and wide-ranging"), or even the chapter titles. The reader first l
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Tsygankov, Alexander S. "History of Philosophy. 2018, Vol. 23, No. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Theory and Methodology of History of Philosophy Rodion V. Savinov. Philosophy of Antiquity in Scholasticism This article examines the forms of understanding ancient philosophy in medieval and post-medieval scholasticism. Using the comparative method the author identifies the main approaches to the philosophical heritage of Antiquity, and to the problem of reviving the doctrines of the past. The Patristics (Epiphanius of Cyprus, Filastrius of Brixia, Lactantius, Augustine) saw the ancient cosmological doctrines as heresies. The early Middle Ages (e.g., Isidore of Seville) assimilated the content of these heresiographic treatises, which became the main source of information about ancient philosophy. Scholasticism of the 13th–14th cent. remained cautious to ancient philosophy and distinguished, on the one hand, the doctrinal content discussed in the framework of the exegetic problems at universities (Albert the Great, Thomas Aquinas, etc.), and, on the other hand, information on ancient philosophers integrated into chronological models of medieval chronicles (Peter Comestor, Vincent de Beauvais, Walter Burleigh). Finally, the post-medieval scholasticism (Pedro Fonseca, Conimbricenses, Th. Stanley, and others) raised the questions of the «history of ideas», thereby laying the foundation of the history of philosophy in its modern sense. Keywords: history of philosophy, Patristic, Scholasticism, reflection, critic DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-5-17 World Philosophy: the Past and the Present Mariya A. Solopova. The Chronology of Democritus and the Fall of Troy The article considers the chronology of Democritus of Abdera. In the times of Classical Antiquity, three different birth dates for Democritus were known: c. 495 BC (according to Diodorus of Sicily), c. 470 BC (according to Thrasyllus), and c. 460 BC (according to Apollodorus of Athens). These dates must be coordinated with the most valuable doxographic evidence, according to which Democritus 1) "was a young man during Anaxagoras’s old age" and that 2) the Lesser World-System (Diakosmos) was compiled 730 years after the Fall of Troy. The article considers the argument in favor of the most authoritative datings belonging to Apollodorus and Thrasyllus, and draws special attention to the meaning of the dating of Democritus’ work by himself from the year of the Fall of Troy. The question arises, what prompted Democritus to talk about the date of the Fall of Troy and how he could calculate it. The article expresses the opinion that Democritus indicated the date of the Fall of Troy not with the aim of proposing its own date, different from others, but in order to date the Lesser World-System in the spirit of intellectual achievements of his time, in which, perhaps, the history of the development of mankind from the primitive state to the emergence of civilization was discussed. The article discusses how to explain the number 730 and argues that it can be the result of combinations of numbers 20 (the number of generations that lived from the Fall of Troy to Democritus), 35 – one of the constants used for calculations of generations in genealogical research, and 30. The last figure perhaps indicates the age of Democritus himself, when he wrote the Lesser Diakosmos: 30 years old. Keywords: Ancient Greek philosophy, Democritus, Anaxagoras, Greek chronography, doxographers, Apollodorus, Thrasyllus, capture of Troy, ancient genealogies, the length of a generation DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-18-31 Bembya L. Mitruyev. “Yogācārabhumi-Śāstra” as a Historical and Philosophical Source The article deals with “Yogācārabhūmi-Śāstra” – a treatise on the Buddhist Yogācāra school. Concerning the authorship of this text, the Indian and Chinese traditions diverge: in the first, the treatise is attributed to Asanga, and in the second tradition to Maitreya. Most of the modern scholars consider it to be a compilation of many texts, and not the work of one author. Being an important monument for both the Yogacara tradition and Mahayana Buddhism in general, Yogācārabhūmi-Śāstra is an object of scientific interest for the researchers all around the world. The text of the treatise consists of five parts, which are divided into chapters. The contents of the treatise sheds light on many concepts of Yogācāra, such as ālayavijñāna, trisvabhāva, kliṣṭamanas, etc. Having briefly considered the textological problems: authorship, dating, translation, commenting and genre of the text, the author suggests the reconstruction of the content of the entire monument, made on the basis of his own translation from the Tibetan and Sanskrit. This allows him to single out from the whole variety of topics those topics, the study of which will increase knowledge about the history of the formation of the basic philosophical concepts of Yogācāra and thereby allow a deeper understanding of the historical and philosophical process in Buddhism and in other philosophical movements of India. Keywords: Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra, Asaṅga, Māhāyana, Vijñānavāda, Yogācāra, Abhidharma, ālayavijñāna citta, bhūmi, mind, consciousness, meditation DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-32-43 Tatiana G. Korneeva. Knowledge in Nāșir Khusraw’s Philosophy The article deals with the concept of “knowledge” in the philosophy of Nāșir Khusraw. The author analyzes the formation of the theory of knowledge in the Arab-Muslim philosophy. At the early stages of the formation of the Arab-Muslim philosophy the discussion of the question of cognition was conducted in the framework of ethical and religious disputes. Later followers of the Falsafa introduced the legacy of ancient philosophers into scientific circulation and began to discuss the problems of cognition in a philosophical way. Nāșir Khusraw, an Ismaili philosopher of the 11th century, expanded the scope of knowledge and revised the goals and objectives of the process of cognition. He put knowledge in the foundation of the world order, made it the cause and ultimate goal of the creation of the world. In his philosophy knowledge is the link between the different levels of the universe. The article analyzes the Nāșir Khusraw’s views on the role of knowledge in various fields – metaphysics, cosmogony, ethics and eschatology. Keywords: knowledge, cognition, Ismailism, Nāșir Khusraw, Neoplatonism, Arab-Muslim philosophy, kalām, falsafa DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-44-55 Vera Pozzi. Problems of Ontology and Criticism of the Kantian Formalism in Irodion Vetrinskii’s “Institutiones Metaphysicae” (Part II) This paper is a follow-up of the paper «Irodion Vetrinskii’s “Institutiones Metaphysicae” and the St. Petersburg Theological Academy» (Part I). The issue and the role of “ontology” in Vetrinskii’s textbook is analyzed in detail, as well as the author’s critique of Kantian “formalism”: in this connection, the paper provides a description of Vetrinskii’s discussion about Kantian theory of the a priori forms of sensible intuition and understanding. To sum up, Vetrinskii was well acquainted not only with Kantian works – and he was able to fully evaluate their innovative significance – but also with late Scholastic textbooks of the German area. Moreover, he relied on the latters to build up an eclectic defense of traditional Metaphysics, avoiding at the same time to refuse Kantian perspective in the sake of mere reaffirming a “traditional” perspective. Keywords: Philosophizing at Russian Theological Academies, Russian Enlightenment, Russian early Kantianism, St. Petersburg Theological Academy, history of Russian philosophy, history of metaphysics, G.I. Wenzel, I. Ya. Vetrinskii DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-56-67 Alexey E. Savin. Criticism of Judaism in Hegel's Early “Theological” Writings The aim of the article is to reveal the nature of criticism of Judaism by the “young” Hegel and underlying intuitions. The investigation is based on the phenomenological approach. It seeks to explicate the horizon of early Hegel's thinking. The revolutionary role of early Hegel’s ideas reactivation in the history of philosophy is revealed. The article demonstrates the fundamental importance of criticism of Judaism for the development of Hegel's thought. The sources of Hegelian thematization and problematization of Judaism – his Protestant theological background within the framework of supranaturalism and the then discussion about human rights and political emancipation of Jews – are discovered. Hegel's interpretation of the history of the Jewish people and the origin of Judaism from the destruction of trust in nature, the fundamental mood of distrust and fear of the world, leading to the development of alienation, is revealed. The falsity of the widespread thesis about early Hegel’s anti-Semitism is demonstrated. The reasons for the transition of early Hegel from “theology” to philosophy are revealed. Keywords: Hegel, Judaism, history, criticism, anti-Semitism, trust, nature, alienation, tyranny, philosophy DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-68-80 Evgeniya A. Dolgova. Philosophy at the Institute of Red Professors (1921–1938): Institutional Forms, Methods of Teaching, Students, Lecturers The article explores the history of the Institute of the Red Professors in philosophy (1921–1938). Referring to the unpublished documents in the State Archives of the Russian Federation and the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the author explores its financial and infrastructure support, information sphere, characterizes students and teachers. The article illustrates the practical experience of the functioning of philosophy within the framework of one of the extraordinary “revolutionary” projects on the renewal of the scientific and pedagogical sphere, reflects a vivid and ambiguous picture of the work of the educational institution in the 1920s and 1930s and corrects some of historiographical judgments (about the politically and socially homogeneous composition of the Institute of Red Professors, the specifics of state support of its work, privileges and the social status of the “red professors”). Keywords: Institute of the Red Professors in Philosophy, Philosophical Department, soviet education, teachers, students, teaching methods DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-81-94 Vladimir V. Starovoitov. K. Horney about the Consequences of Neurotic Development and the Ways of Its Overcoming This article investigates the views of Karen Horney on psychoanalysis and neurotic development of personality in her last two books: “Our Inner Conflicts” (1945) and “Neurosis and Human Grows” (1950), and also in her two articles “On Feeling Abused” (1951) and “The Paucity of Inner Experiences” (1952), written in the last two years of her life and summarizing her views on clinical and theoretical problems in her work with neurotics. If in her first book “The Neurotic Personality of Our Time” (1937) neurosis was a result of disturbed interpersonal relations, caused by conditions of culture, then the concept of the idealized Self open the gates to the intrapsychic life. Keywords: Neo-Freudianism, psychoanalysis, neurotic development of personality, real Self, idealized image of Self DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-95-102 Publications and Translations Victoria G. Lysenko. Dignāga on the Definition of Perception in the Vādaviddhi of Vasubandhu. A Historical and Philosophical Reconstruction of Dignāga’s Pramāṇasamuccayavṛtti (1.13-16) The paper investigates a fragment from Dignāga’s magnum opus Pramāṇasamuccayavṛtti (“Body of tools for reliable knowledge with a commentary”, 1, 13-16) where Dignāga challenges Vasubandhu’s definition of perception in the Vādaviddhi (“Rules of the dispute”). The definition from the Vādaviddhi is being compared in the paper with Vasubandhu’s ideas of perception in Abhidharmakośabhāṣya (“Encyclopedia of Abhidharma with the commentary”), and with Dignāga’s own definition of valid perception in the first part of his Pramāṇasamuccayavṛtti as well as in his Ālambanaparīkśavṛtti (“Investigation of the Object with the commentary”). The author puts forward the hypothesis that Dignāga criticizes the definition of perception in Vādaviddhi for the reason that it does not correspond to the teachings of Vasubandhu in his Abhidharmakośabhāṣya, to which he, Dignāga, referred earlier in his magnum opus. This helps Dignāga to justify his statement that Vasubandhu himself considered Vādaviddhi as not containing the essence of his teaching (asāra). In addition, the article reconstructs the logical sequence in Dignāga’s exegesis: he criticizes the Vādaviddhi definition from the representational standpoint of Sautrāntika school, by showing that it does not fulfill the function prescribed by Indian logic to definition, that of distinguishing perception from the classes of heterogeneous and homogeneous phenomena. Having proved the impossibility of moving further according to the “realistic logic” based on recognizing the existence of an external object, Dignāga interprets the Vādaviddhi’s definition in terms of linguistic philosophy, according to which the language refers not to external objects and not to the unique and private sensory experience (svalakṣaṇa-qualia), but to the general characteristics (sāmānya-lakṣaṇa), which are mental constructs (kalpanā). Keywords: Buddhism, linguistic philosophy, perception, theory of definition, consciousness, Vaibhashika, Sautrantika, Yogacara, Vasubandhu, Dignaga DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-103-117 Elizaveta A. Miroshnichenko. Talks about Lev N. Tolstoy: Reception of the Writer's Views in the Public Thought of Russia at the End of the 19th Century (Dedicated to the 190th Anniversary of the Great Russian Writer and Thinker) This article includes previously unpublished letters of Russian social thinkers such as N.N. Strakhov, E.M. Feoktistov, D.N. Tsertelev. These letters provide critical assessment of Lev N. Tolstoy’s teachings. The preface to publication includes the history of reception of Tolstoy’s moral and aesthetic philosophy by his contemporaries, as well as influence of his theory on the beliefs of Russian idealist philosopher D.N. Tsertelev. The author offers a rational reconstruction of the dialogue between two generations of thinkers representative of the 19th century – Lev N. Tolstoy and N.N. Strakhov, on the one hand, and D.N. Tsertelev, on the other. The main thesis of the paper: the “old” and the “new” generations of the 19th-century thinkers retained mutual interest and continuity in setting the problems and objectives of philosophy, despite the numerous worldview contradictions. Keywords: Russian philosophy of the nineteenth century, L.N. Tolstoy, N.N. Strakhov, D.N. Tsertelev, epistolary heritage, ethics, aesthetics DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-118-130 Reviews Nataliya A. Tatarenko. History of Philosophy in a Format of Lecture Notes (on Hegel G.W.F. Vorlesungen zur Ästhetik. Vorlesungsmitschrift Adolf Heimann (1828/1829). Hrsg. von A.P. Olivier und A. Gethmann-Siefert. München: Wilhelm Fink, 2017. XXXI + 254 S.) Released last year, the book “G.W.F. Hegel. Vorlesungen zur Ästhetik. Vorlesungsmitschrift Adolf Heimann (1828/1829)” in German is a publication of one of the student's manuskript of Hegel's lectures on aesthetics. Adolf Heimann was a student of Hegel in 1828/29. These notes open for us imaginary doors into the audience of the Berlin University, where Hegel read his fourth and final course on the philosophy of art. A distinctive feature of this course is a new structure of lectures in comparison with three previous courses. This three-part division was took by H.G. Hotho as the basis for the edited by him text “Lectures on Aesthetics”, included in the first collection of Hegel’s works. The content of that publication was mainly based on the lectures of 1823 and 1826. There are a number of differences between the analyzed published manuskript and the students' records of 1820/21, 1823 and 1826, as well as between the manuskript and the editorial version of H.G. Hotho. These features show that Hegel throughout all four series of Berlin lectures on the philosophy of art actively developed and revised the structure and content of aesthetics. But unfortunately this evidence of the permanent development was not taken into account by the first editor of Hegel's lectures on aesthetics. Keywords: G.W.F. Hegel, H.G. Hotho, philosophy of art, aesthetics, forms of art, idea of beauty, ideal DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-131-138 Alexander S. Tsygankov. On the Way to the Revival of Metaphysics: S.L. Frank and E. Coreth Readers are invited to review the monograph of the modern German researcher Oksana Nazarova “The problem of the renaissance and new foundation of metaphysics through the example of Christian philosophical tradition. Russian religious philosophy (Simon L. Frank) and German neosholastics (Emerich Coreth)”, which was published in 2017 in Munich. In the paper, the author offers a comparative analysis of the projects of a new, “post-dogmatic” metaphysics, which were developed in the philosophy of Frank and Coreth. This study addresses the problems of the cognitive-theoretical and ontological foundation of the renaissance of metaphysics, the methodological tools of the new metaphysics, as well as its anthropological component. O. Nazarova's book is based on the comparative analysis of Frank's religious philosophy and Coreth's neo-cholastic philosophy from the beginning to the end. This makes the study unique in its own way. Since earlier in the German reception of the heritage of Russian thinker, the comparison of Frank's philosophy with the Catholic theology of the 20th century was realized only fragmentarily and did not act as a fundamental one. Along with a deep and meaningful analysis of the metaphysical projects of both thinkers, this makes O. Nazarova's book relevant to anyone who is interested in the philosophical dialogue of Russia and Western Europe and is engaged in the work of Frank and Coreth. Keywords: the renaissance of metaphysics, post-Kantian philosophy, Christian philosophy, S.L. Frank, E. Coreth DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-139-147". History of Philosophy 23, № 2 (2018): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-139-147.

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Fontes da Costa, Palmira. "Gender and botany in early nineteenth-century Portugal: the circle of the Marquise of Alorna." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science, February 9, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2021.0069.

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An ample number of studies have shown that during the late eighteenth century and the first half of the nineteenth century, botany attracted the attention and involvement of women not only as readers of literature on the subject but also as participants in botanical activities and as authors. However, women are still largely absent from the historiography of Portuguese botany in this period. This article contributes to filling this gap by focusing on the translation of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Letters on the elements of botany (1800) by the Marquise of Alorna (1750–1839) and her long poem Botan
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Domínguez, Freddy Cristóbal. "In From the Cold: Notes on Sixteenth-Century English Catholic History." Journal of British Studies, January 21, 2025, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2024.120.

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Abstract English Catholic history continues to tread new ground, revisit old theories, and draw together theoretical and geographical frameworks. However, it continues to struggle to be accepted as part of the “mainstream” narrative of English history. In this review essay, I explore three key areas of growth related to the study of sixteenth-century English Catholicism: returning Catholics to the “high politics” of England; a renewed emphasis on gender, particularly the role of religious women; and an international/transnational orientation that reaffirms the close ties between Britain and th
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Yūko, Fujino. "Urban Riots and the Everyday Practice of Male Laborers in Prewar Japan." Journal of Urban History, April 28, 2022, 009614422210789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00961442221078917.

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This essay explores cultural factors in urban riots that occurred frequently in early twentieth-century Tokyo, extending from the 1905 Hibiya riot to the 1918 rice riots, by focusing on the everyday practice of young male laborers, including artisans, factory workers, and day laborers, who were the main participants in these riots. The essay first surveys the characteristics of urban riots in Tokyo in the period from 1905 to 1918 and then examines the everyday practice of male laborers, focusing particularly on the role of violence and impulsiveness. Many works of reportage on the urban lower
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Petercsák, Tivadar. "District Wardens in the Cities of Northern Hungary in the 18th to 21st Centuries." Acta Ethnographica Hungarica, October 5, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/022.2022.00004.

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Abstract In Hungarian settlements, tizedek (tenths), streets, divisions, and fertályok (viertels, quarters, or districts) were areas that enjoyed a certain autonomy. They were led by elected “decurions,” “street captains,” or “captains” in Hungarian-populated settlements, and by viertelmeisters, or district wardens, in German-speaking settlements. These officials liaised between the municipal authorities and the local community. From the 16th century until the mid-19th century, the decurions and district wardens had official powers, kept the population informed about national and local regulat
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McCosker, Anthony, and Rowan Wilken. "Café Space, Communication, Creativity, and Materialism." M/C Journal 15, no. 2 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.459.

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IntroductionCoffee, as a stimulant, and the spaces in which it is has been consumed, have long played a vital role in fostering communication, creativity, and sociality. This article explores the interrelationship of café space, communication, creativity, and materialism. In developing these themes, this article is structured in two parts. The first looks back to the coffee houses of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries to give a historical context to the contemporary role of the café as a key site of creativity through its facilitation of social interaction, communication and information
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Wu, Tian. "The visual construction of the people’s country and the Chinese nation: political aesthetics in the Ethno-documentaries of New China." International Journal of Anthropology and Ethnology 8, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41257-024-00118-2.

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AbstractThis paper discusses the political positioning of the people and the cultural image of the Chinese nation through the lens of the Social-historical Scientific Documentary Films of China’s ethnic minorities (hereafter referred to as “the Ethno-documentaries”) by restoring the problem to the site of the investigation of humanities and social sciences and the General Surveys on (Folk) Arts in the early years of the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in the 1950s. Through detailed analysis of specific Ethno-documentary films, this paper explores how the social sciences conduct
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Cashman, Dorothy Ann. "“This receipt is as safe as the Bank”: Reading Irish Culinary Manuscripts." M/C Journal 16, no. 3 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.616.

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Introduction Ireland did not have a tradition of printed cookbooks prior to the 20th century. As a consequence, Irish culinary manuscripts from before this period are an important primary source for historians. This paper makes the case that the manuscripts are a unique way of accessing voices that have quotidian concerns seldom heard above the dominant narratives of conquest, colonisation and famine (Higgins; Dawson). Three manuscripts are examined to see how they contribute to an understanding of Irish social and culinary history. The Irish banking crisis of 2008 is a reminder that comments
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"Buchbesprechungen." Zeitschrift für Historische Forschung 46, no. 1 (2019): 83–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/zhf.46.1.83.

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Edelmayer, Friedrich / Gerhard Pfeisinger (Hrsg.), Ozeane. Mythen, Interaktionen und Konflikte (Studien zur Geschichte und Kuktur der iberischen und iberoamerikanischen Länder, 16), Münster 2017, Aschendorff, 336 S. / Abb., € 49,00. (Ruth Schilling, Bremen / Bremerhaven) Jaynes, Jeffrey, Christianity beyond Christendom. The Global Christian Experience on Medieval Mappaemundi and Early Modern World Maps (Wolfenbütteler Forschungen, 149), Wiesbaden 2018, Harrassowitz in Kommission, 483 S. / Abb., € 128,00. (Gerda Brunnlechner, Hagen) Weltecke, Dorothea (Hrsg.), Essen und Fasten. Interreligiöse A
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Franks, Rachel. "A Taste for Murder: The Curious Case of Crime Fiction." M/C Journal 17, no. 1 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.770.

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Introduction Crime fiction is one of the world’s most popular genres. Indeed, it has been estimated that as many as one in every three new novels, published in English, is classified within the crime fiction category (Knight xi). These new entrants to the market are forced to jostle for space on bookstore and library shelves with reprints of classic crime novels; such works placed in, often fierce, competition against their contemporaries as well as many of their predecessors. Raymond Chandler, in his well-known essay The Simple Art of Murder, noted Ernest Hemingway’s observation that “the goo
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Dong, Wang. "Western Zhou (1045 BCE - 771 BCE)." Database of Religious History, June 27, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12574565.

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Recording the state of our knowledge in March-April 2024, this entry on Western Zhou (circa 1045/1046 BCE - 771 BCE) examines the best/most creditable known primary and secondary sources (including archaeological, literary, and artistic evidence), data analysis, and approaches to and interpretations of the subject matter. As a key part of the three dynasties in Chinese history—legendary, real, imagined and unimagined— the Xia (夏, circa 2070 BCE - 1600 BCE), Shang (商, aka Yin 殷, circa 1600 BCE – 1046 BCE), and Zhou of early China, the Western Zhou (西周 circa 1046/1045 BCE - 771 BCE) began with K
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Provençal, Johanne. "Ghosts in Machines and a Snapshot of Scholarly Journal Publishing in Canada." M/C Journal 11, no. 4 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.45.

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The ideas put forth here do not fit perfectly or entirely into the genre and form of what has established itself as the scholarly journal article. What is put forth, instead, is a juxtaposition of lines of thinking about the scholarly and popular in publishing, past, present and future. As such it may indeed be quite appropriate to the occasion and the questions raised in the call for papers for this special issue of M/C Journal. The ideas put forth here are intended as pieces of an ever-changing puzzle of the making public of scholarship, which, I hope, may in some way fit with both the work
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Castles, Anthony, and Lisa Law. "Whose Heritage." M/C Journal 25, no. 3 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2893.

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Introduction Over the past two decades the Cairns landscape has transformed from a remote tourist town beside the Great Barrier Reef to an international, tropical city with a new focus on culture and the arts. A number of important urban design projects have enabled this transformation, including key waterfront redevelopments, the addition of a large shopping mall and convention centre, a renovated museum, and now a new performing arts precinct and proposed ‘gallery precinct’ for the people of Cairns to access new art forms and events. Anderson and Law (556) depict recent developments as a kin
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Phillips, Dougal, and Oliver Watts. "Copyright, Print and Authorship in the Culture Industry." M/C Journal 8, no. 2 (2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2340.

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 Historically the impact of the printing press on Western culture is a truism. Print gave rise to the mass reproduction and circulation of information with wide reaching consequences in all fields: political, social, and economic. An aspect that this paper wishes to focus on is that this moment also saw the birth (and necessity) of copyright legislation, to administer and protect this new found ability to package and disseminate text. The term copyright itself, used freely in debates surrounding contemporary topics such as iTunes, DVD piracy, and file-sharing, is not only s
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Morgan, Carol. "Capitalistic Ideology as an 'Interpersonal Game'." M/C Journal 3, no. 5 (2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.1880.

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"Outwit, Outplay, Outlast" "All entertainment has hidden meanings, revealing the nature of the culture that created it" ( 6). This quotation has no greater relevance than for the most powerful entertainment medium of all: television. In fact, television has arguably become part of the "almost unnoticed working equipment of civilisations" (Cater 1). In other words, TV seriously affects our culture, our society, and our lives; it affects the way we perceive and approach reality (see Cantor and Cantor, 1992; Corcoran, 1984; Freedman, 1990; Novak, 1975). In this essay, I argue that the American te
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Mac Con Iomaire, Máirtín. "The Pig in Irish Cuisine and Culture." M/C Journal 13, no. 5 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.296.

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In Ireland today, we eat more pigmeat per capita, approximately 32.4 kilograms, than any other meat, yet you very seldom if ever see a pig (C.S.O.). Fat and flavour are two words that are synonymous with pig meat, yet scientists have spent the last thirty years cross breeding to produce leaner, low-fat pigs. Today’s pig professionals prefer to use the term “pig finishing” as opposed to the more traditional “pig fattening” (Tuite). The pig evokes many themes in relation to cuisine. Charles Lamb (1775-1834), in his essay Dissertation upon Roast Pig, cites Confucius in attributing the accidental
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Rice, Jeff. "They Put Me in the Mix." M/C Journal 4, no. 2 (2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.1903.

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Cut In 1964, William S. Burroughs' Nova Express is published. Part of the trilogy of books Burroughs wrote in the early 1960s (The Soft Cell and The Ticket That Exploded are the other two), Nova Express explores the problems that technology creates in the information age; and the ways in which language and thought have come under the influence of mass media. The book begins with a broad declaration against consumerism and corporate control: Listen all you boards syndicates and governments of the earth. And you powers behind what filth deals consummated in what lavatory to take what is not your
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Geoghegan, Hilary. "“If you can walk down the street and recognise the difference between cast iron and wrought iron, the world is altogether a better place”: Being Enthusiastic about Industrial Archaeology." M/C Journal 12, no. 2 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.140.

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Introduction: Technology EnthusiasmEnthusiasts are people who have a passion, keenness, dedication or zeal for a particular activity or hobby. Today, there are enthusiasts for almost everything, from genealogy, costume dramas, and country houses, to metal detectors, coin collecting, and archaeology. But to be described as an enthusiast is not necessarily a compliment. Historically, the term “enthusiasm” was first used in England in the early seventeenth century to describe “religious or prophetic frenzy among the ancient Greeks” (Hanks, n.p.). This frenzy was ascribed to being possessed by spi
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Brackley du Bois, Ailsa. "Repairing the Disjointed Narrative of Ballarat's Theatre Royal." M/C Journal 20, no. 5 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.1296.

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IntroductionBallarat’s Theatre Royal was the first permanent theatre built in inland Australia. Upon opening in 1858, it was acclaimed as having “the handsomest theatrical exterior in the colony” (Star, “Editorial” 7 Dec. 1889) and later acknowledged as “the grandest playhouse in all Australia” (Spielvogel, Papers Vol. 1 160). Born of Gold Rush optimism, the Royal was loved by many, yet the over-arching story of its ill-fated existence has failed to surface, in any coherent fashion, in official history. This article takes some first steps toward retrieving lost knowledge from fragmented archiv
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Vaz Quincó, Bruna Emanuela, and Andre Vasques Vital. "Law, Viral Mutations, and Spectral Tropicality in Agustina Bazterrica’s <em>Tender Is the Flesh</em> (2017)." M/C Journal 28, no. 2 (2025). https://doi.org/10.5204/mcj.3167.

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Introduction: Spectral Tropicality and Viral Mutations In mid-February 2025, the World Health Organization issued an alert in its weekly bulletin about an emerging outbreak of a mysterious disease in two villages in Equateur Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (WHO). This alert generated two major reports in the press: the first was that the disease could kill in less than 48 hours; the second was that there was an ongoing investigation into the possibility that the disease had started in three children who ingested a bat carcass (and who died with severe symptoms of hemorrhagic f
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Goldman, Jonathan E. "Double Exposure." M/C Journal 7, no. 5 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2414.

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I. Happy Endings Chaplin’s Modern Times features one of the most subtly strange endings in Hollywood history. It concludes with the Tramp (Chaplin) and the Gamin (Paulette Goddard) walking away from the camera, down the road, toward the sunrise. (Figure 1.) They leave behind the city, their hopes for employment, and, it seems, civilization itself. The iconography deployed is clear: it is 1936, millions are unemployed, and to walk penniless into the Great Depression means destitution if not death. Chaplin invokes a familiar trope of 1930s texts, the “marginal men,” for whom “life on the road is
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Mac Con Iomaire, Máirtín. "Towards a Structured Approach to Reading Historic Cookbooks." M/C Journal 16, no. 3 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.649.

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Introduction Cookbooks are an exceptional written record of what is largely an oral tradition. They have been described as “magician’s hats” due to their ability to reveal much more than they seem to contain (Wheaton, “Finding”). The first book printed in Germany was the Guttenberg Bible in 1456 but, by 1490, printing was introduced into almost every European country (Tierney). The spread of literacy between 1500 and 1800, and the rise in silent reading, helped to create a new private sphere into which the individual could retreat, seeking refuge from the community (Chartier). This new technol
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Milne, Esther. "‘Magic Bits of Paste-board’." M/C Journal 7, no. 1 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2311.

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To the unrefined or under-bred person, the visiting-card is but a trifling and insignificant piece of paper; but to the cultured disciple of social law it conveys a subtle and unmistakable intelligence. Its texture, style of engraving, and even the hour of leaving it, combine to place the stranger whose name it bears in a pleasant or disagreeable attitude, even before his manners, conversation, and face have been able to explain his social position (1920 etiquette manual quoted in Curtin 138). There’s a scene in the ‘90s TV series Ab Fab where Eddy, stumbling from her car, fresh from Harvey Ni
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O'Brien, Charmaine Liza. "Text for Dinner: ‘Plain’ Food in Colonial Australia … Or, Was It?" M/C Journal 16, no. 3 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.657.

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In early 1888, Miss Margaret Pearson arrived in Melbourne under engagement to the Working Men’s College there to give cookery lessons to young women. The College committee had applied to the National School of Cookery in London—an establishment effusively praised in the colonial press—for a suitable culinary educator, and Pearson, a graduate of that institute, was dispatched. After six months or so spent educating her antipodean pupils she published a cookbook, Cookery Recipes For The People, which she described in the preface as a handbook of “plain wholesome cookery” (Pearson 3). The book ra
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Gardiner, Amanda. "It Is Almost as If There Were a Written Script: Child Murder, Concealment of Birth, and the Unmarried Mother in Western Australia." M/C Journal 17, no. 5 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.894.

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BASTARDYAll children born before matrimony, or so long after the death of the husband as to render it impossible that the child could be begotten by him, are bastards.– Cro. Jac. 451William Toone: The Magistrates Manual, 1817 (66)On 4 September 1832, the body of a newborn baby boy was found washed up on the shore at the port town of Fremantle, Western Australia. As the result of an inquest into the child’s suspicious death, a 20-year-old, unmarried woman named Mary Summerland was accused of concealing his birth. In October 2014, 25-year-old Irish backpacker Caroline Quinn faced court in Perth,
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1., Salimov Bakhriddin Lutfullaevich. Professor of Tashkent State Transport University. 2. Xolturaev Nizomiddin Arslonbekovich. Student of Tashkent State Transport University. "A dialectical analysis of the development of maritime transport." Innovative technologies in construction Scientific Journal (ITC) 1, no. 1 (2023). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8054961.

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In the article, based on the principles of dialectics, everything in the world is in constant change and movement. Nothing and event cannot remain unchanged. The fact that this process applies to everything, including the communication and transport system, as well as maritime transport, is analyzed from a dialectical point of view. <strong>Key words:</strong> river and sea transport, dialectics, discovery, development, need. &nbsp; В статье на основе принципов диалектики все в мире находится в постоянном изменении и движении. Ничто и событие не могут оставаться неизменными. Тот факт, что этот
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