Dissertations / Theses: 'Social Cognitive Learning Theory'

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Riem, R. G. A. "Children learning to count : A social psychological reappraisal of cognitive theory." Thesis, University of Kent, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371143.

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Easterbrook, Adam. "A critique of parental monitoring using Bandura's social cognitive learning theory as framework." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31613.

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This study tests competing hypotheses that examine the relationship between adolescents' perception of disclosure of information in the parent-adolescent relationship and adolescents' perception of their friends as prosocial or deviant. The first hypotheses are based on previous research on monitoring. They posit that parental efforts to obtain information about adolescents' activities, whereabouts and friends will influence adolescents' choice of either prosocial or deviant friends. The competing hypotheses are developed using Bandura's (2001) social cognitive learning theory as a framework. These hypotheses argue that adolescents' perception of their friends as either prosocial or deviant may determine how much information adolescents' will give to parents regarding activities, whereabouts and friends. To test the hypotheses, data was used from waves one and two of a three-year longitudinal study that is exploring adolescent life among high school students. Results offer partial support for the monitoring hypotheses. Maternal desire to know about adolescents' activities, whereabouts and friends is positively associated with adolescents' perception of friends as prosocial, but is not associated with adolescents' perception of friends as deviant. In contrast, paternal desire to know about adolescents' activities, whereabouts and friends is negatively associated with adolescents' perception of friends as deviant, but is not associated with adolescents' perception of friends as prosocial. The competing hypotheses developed using Bandura's (2001) social cognitive learning theory as a framework, were supported. Adolescents' perception of friends as prosocial is positively associated with adolescents' willingness to give information regarding activities, whereabouts and friends to parents, whereas adolescents' perception of friends as deviant is negatively associated with adolescents' willingness to give information to parents regarding activities, whereabouts and friends. These findings contribute to a growing body of literature (e.g., Kerr & Stattin, 2000; Stattin & Kerr, 2000) that questions monitoring as a useful and effective strategy for parental peer management. These results also underscore the need to examine adolescents as agentic beings who work to balance parent and peer relationships.
Arts, Faculty of
Sociology, Department of
Graduate

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Cortese, Juliann. "A social cognitivist view of hypermedia learning." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1117124538.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 201 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 191-201). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

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Senich, Samantha. "Mother's social cognitions and discipline responses differences between physical and relational aggression /." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2006/S%5FSenich%5F030306.pdf.

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Pagnotta, Murillo. "Living and learning together : integrating developmental systems theory, radical embodied cognitive science, and relational thinking in the study of social learning." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16386.

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Behavioural scientists argue that ‘social learning' provides the link between biological phenomena and cultural phenomena because of its role in the ‘cultural transmission' of knowledge among individuals within and across generations. However, leading authors within the social sciences have proposed alternative ways of thinking about social life not founded on the Modern oppositions including nature-culture, biology-culture, body-mind, and individual-society. Similarly, the distinction between a domain of nature and a domain of nurture has also been extensively criticized within biology. Finally, advocates of ‘radical embodied cognitive science' offer an alternative to the representational-computational view of the mind which supports the conventional notion of culture and cultural information. This thesis attempts to integrate developmental systems theory, radical embodied cognitive science, and relational thinking, with the goal to bring the field of social learning closer to these critical theoretical developments. In Chapter 2, I find no justification for the claim that the genome carries information in the sense of specification of biological form. Chapter 3 presents a view of ontogeny as a historical, relational, constructive and contingent process. Chapter 4 uses the notions of environmental information, abilities, affordances, and intentions to make sense of behaviour and learning. In Chapter 5, I argue that the notion of social learning can be understood in terms of relational histories of development rather than in terms of transmission of information. I then report empirical studies investigating behavioural coordination and social learning consistent with this theoretical framework. Chapter 6 presents evidence that dyads in a joint making activity synchronize their attention constrained by their changing situation and that coordination of attention is predictive of implicit and explicit learning. Chapter 7 presents evidence that joint attention does not require gaze following and that attentional coordination is predictive of learning a manual task. Together, these theoretical and empirical studies suggest a new way of thinking about how humans and other animals live and learn socially, one that is consistent with critical theoretical and philosophical developments that are currently neglected in the literature on social learning.

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Hobby, Kristina Lee. "Metaphoric Interpretations of a Social Issue." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/art_design_theses/15.

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This thesis presents a study on how fourth graders can learn and use metaphor to create meaningful and expressive artworks. It is intended to investigate how students can understand the idea of metaphor and how they can use it to illustrate their own thoughts and ideas within their artworks. Jean Piaget believes much abstract thinking does not occur until the Formal Operations Stage of eleven to thirteen years of age. This study sought to question the ideas of Piaget by introducing the abstract thought of metaphor to fourth graders who are at the approximate age of nine. It set out to demonstrate that students may understand the idea of metaphor while applying it to create meaningful artworks that demonstrate their own opinions, thoughts and beliefs. Concepts about metaphor were introduced to the students through a number of interactive lessons to develop their ability to implement metaphor into their own artworks. This unit taught students how to interpret metaphor and apply the use of metaphor to their own artworks.

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Carr, Adrienne L. "Examining the Effects of Media on Learners’ Mental Representations and Cognitive Processes in Science." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1196106424.

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Hortz, Brian Vincent. "Evaluation of a social cognitive theory based physical activity intervention targeting leisure time physical exercise." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1123087047.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 339 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 305-315). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

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Downey, Christopher John. "Utilising a school effectiveness approach to measuring non-cognitive outcomes for the Social and Emotional Aspects of Learning (SEAL) programme." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/366259/.

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This study applies a school effectiveness approach to determining the nature and the extent of effects of non-cognitive outcomes of schooling, specifically in relation to the SEAL programme. The focus is on the potential to evaluate gains made through universal SEAL provision, as well as via intensive Family SEAL intervention for groups of children and their parents/carers. The research was undertaken within primary and secondary schools located in one English Local Authority region. An extensive literature review of measures of student and school level academic progress in the cognitive domain shows how such measures have built on the insights of school effectiveness research and this leads to a consideration of studies of similar design focusing on non-cognitive outcomes of schooling, and the size of school and class level effects related to them. Data from around 2000 students was used to determine a measurement model for a survey of SEAL related outcomes, and across a period of approximately 18 months, over 8500 students from 55 schools were eventually surveyed. Multilevel modelling of data on 7 non-cognitive dimensions derived from the survey was used to determine the proportion of the variance located at the student, class and school levels for each of the dimensions. Associations between each dimension and a range of student and school level factors were also investigated. Significant associations were found to occur between non-cognitive outcomes and factors such as students’ age, gender and whether they had experience with bullying behaviours. There was some limited evidence of associations for peer-effects of bullying and the mean socioeconomic status for some of the non-cognitive dimensions. Class and especially school level effects were found to be appreciably smaller than those observed for cognitive outcomes of schooling which was broadly in line with the findings of previous research in this area. A small scale evaluation of the impact of Family SEAL provided tentative evidence that gains from engaging in this intervention are most likely to be made by students causing concern in their social and emotional development, and that these gains are most likely to be observed at school rather than at home. The limitations of each element of the study were considered and taken into account in making a number of recommendations for practice in schools and local and national level policy making.

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Stevens, Emily Claire. "Evaluation of a social cognitive theory-based adolescent physical activity intervention Plan for exercise, plan for health /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1158096089.

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Stenger, Mary Jennifer. "The impact of observational learning on preschoolers' cooperation in an ultrasound swallowing study." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1177018753.

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Herbert, Carmen. "The relationship between childhood exposure to substance use and substance use as an adult." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4897.

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Magister Artium (Social Work) - MA(SW)
It is a common fact that drug and alcohol abuse has become a complex problem with children in South Africa. There is also a risk that children of substance abusers will become substance abusers themselves. The aim of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between childhood exposure to substance use and substance use as an adult. The theory that was implemented in the study was the Social Learning Theory. The participants were obtained from an outpatient substance abuse treatment centre. A cross sectional study design was used whereby 192 participants were requested to complete an adapted version of the Child Exposure to Domestic Violence scale. The results of the study show that 48% of the respondents experienced exposure to substance abuse which they witnessed as a child. The results of the study indicated that past exposure to substance abuse accounted for a mean of 2.47. Respondents also responded in terms of exposure to parent/s that abused substances, which had a mean of 2.12. The results illustrated that there is a significant positive relationship between past experiences of substance abuse and current experiences of substance abuse within the total sample (r=.39, p:0.01). The study showed that for gender a positive relationship was found for males (r = .23, p:0.01) and for females (r = .34, p:0.01). In terms of family structure there was a significantly positive relationship, which for one parent was (r = .23, p: 0.05) and for two-parent families was(r = .38, p: 0.01). In conclusion early intervention strategies for children who are at risk and who are exposed to substance abuse, should be implemented.

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Goodwin, Joy Noel. "KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTIONS OF AGRICULTURE PRACTICES AND LEGISLATION RELATED TO SOCIAL INFLUENCES AS PREDICTORS OF VOTING ON AGRICULTURE POLICY." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274705418.

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Douglas, Walter. "Exploring the potential of an inventory based on social cognitive career theory to assess preparedness for the postsecondary transition." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2016. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/d021ea43-4589-4ab8-a5f5-7476eb631d05.

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Background. The study was prompted by observation that failure to obtain a positive postsecondary destination is significantly more prevalent in young people living in areas of greater social deprivation, and in males rather than females. Previous studies have shown that this could be linked to differences in social cognitive factors. However, these studies have been mainly correlational and no comprehensive assessment instrument was found to assess preparedness for the postsecondary transition. Aims. The present study examines senior high school student’s perceptions of the personal, behavioural and environmental factors that affect them as they prepare to leave school. It reveals the structure of these factors and how they vary with regard to social deprivation and gender. Sample. The participants were 1044 senior high school students (573 males and 471 females) who attended six urban high schools. Method. A pre-empirical, 50-item assessment instrument was constructed based on the literature review to identify the wide range of factors previously shown to be relevant to achievement of a positive postsecondary destination. This was then administered to participants. Results. Factor analysis indicated that young people’s perceptions about leaving school were best represented by thirteen factors. An ANOVA model indicated that young people living in areas of higher deprivation reported significantly lower levels of positive postsecondary destination self-efficacy belief, less experience of vicarious career success, less performance of career development tasks, greater perception of career barriers, greater endorsement of a fixed career mindset, and fewer career scaffolding attachments. Males, compared to females, reported less experience of past career success, and fewer career scaffolding attachments. However, despite being at greater risk of a negative postsecondary destination, males reported higher levels of positive postsecondary destination self-efficacy belief, greater experience of positive career-related emotional arousal, greater ability to set career goals, and greater levels of career optimism. Conclusion. Twelve significant main effects on the measured social cognitive factors have the potential to contribute to an explanation of why failure to obtain a positive postsecondary destination is more prevalent in young people living in areas of greater social deprivation, and in males rather than females. A new assessment instrument has been produced to inform an ongoing exploratory process to design, target and evaluate educational interventions to improve postsecondary destinations for all. Increasing internal consistency, external validity and generalisability of findings are all desirable. Some future interventions are proposed on the basis of the results, including greater use of positive career role models in career development programmes, career mindset retraining for high school students, and psycho-education on attachment-fostering behaviours for parents and professionals.

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Linderang, Jenny. "Subjektiv risk i trafiken - skillnad mellan kvinnor och män." Thesis, University of Skövde, Department of Computer Science, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-582.

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Vi gör dagligen bedömningar av risker i situationer av alla de slag. Trafiken är en av de situationer där riskbedömningar är särskilt viktiga och hur korrekt bedömningen blir beror på hur vi upplever riskerna, vilket i hög grad varierar från person till person. Hypotesen i detta examensarbete är: Kvinnliga bilister upplever större subjektiv risk i trafiken än manliga bilister. Undersökningen av hypotesens giltighet utfördes med hjälp av intervjuer av 20 män och kvinnor. Frågorna syftade till att ta reda på deltagarnas subjektiva upplevelser av trafikrisker. Resultaten pekade på att det finns en tendens till skillnad i hur de båda könen upplever risker i trafiken. Kunskap om hur kvinnor och män upplever risker i trafiken är användbara för att göra olika trafiksituationer säkrare och därmed minska antalet olyckor. Ännu ett steg i denna strävan är att undersöka hur stressfaktorer påverkar riskuppfattningen i en trafiksituation.

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OLMSTEAD, GWENDOLYN TOROK. "MORAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY AND ITS PRACTICAL APPLICATION: MORAL EDUCATION IN THE AMERICAN PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin990811063.

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Warren, Jenn. "SpeakUP! Young Women Share Powerful Stories From Their Own Lives." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22591.

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How can a Digital Storytelling workshop help educate, inspire and mobilise young women engaged in a non-profit organisation, in order to assist their peers? This exploratory study investigates whether Digital Storytelling can foster digital literacy, self-awareness and reflection amongst workshop participants, and how young women may be able to support each other and their peers through the act of creating and sharing personal digital stories. Conducted using qualitative and participatory methods, with the theoretical underpinnings of Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory and Social Cognitive Theory, Paulo Freire’s conscientisation and participatory development, this research is conducted in collaboration with female mentors from the sport-based adolescent health organisation, Grassroot Soccer. First, I analyse the women’s interactions and learnings during the Digital Storytelling workshop, where participants create digital stories in a hands-on setting (using the Story Center model). This is done through participant observation and semi-structured interviews with participants following the workshop. Second, I seek to understand how or if young women can re-present themselves in the context of a facilitated Digital Storytelling workshop and challenge gender stereotypes through their own digital stories. This data is collected through a pre-workshop questionnaire, participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and analysis of the digital stories. While this is an exploratory study, I anticipate results in the following areas: (1) cross-pollination of knowledge between workshop participants and facilitators; (2) self-awareness, self-confidence and reflection amongst young women; (3) increase in digital literacy, storytelling and audio/visual skills; and (4) increase in understanding of, or introduction to, digital media and communication, activism and social change.

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Yang, Yang. "A Q Factor Analysis of College Undergraduate Students' Study Behaviors." FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/449.

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The purpose of this study was to better understand the study behaviors and habits of university undergraduate students. It was designed to determine whether undergraduate students could be grouped based on their self-reported study behaviors and if any grouping system could be determined, whether group membership was related to students’ academic achievement. A total of 152 undergraduate students voluntarily participated in the current study by completing the Study Behavior Inventory instrument. All participants were enrolled in fall semester of 2010 at Florida International University. The Q factor analysis technique using principal components extraction and a varimax rotation was used in order to examine the participants in relation to each other and to detect a pattern of intercorrelations among participants based on their self-reported study behaviors. The Q factor analysis yielded a two factor structure representing two distinct student types among participants regarding their study behaviors. The first student type (i.e., Factor 1) describes proactive learners who organize both their study materials and study time well. Type 1 students are labeled “Proactive Learners with Well-Organized Study Behaviors”. The second type (i.e., Factor 2) represents students who are poorly organized as well as being very likely to procrastinate. Type 2 students are labeled “Disorganized Procrastinators”. Hierarchical linear regression was employed to examine the relationship between student type and academic achievement as measured by current grade point averages (GPAs). The results showed significant differences in GPAs between Type 1 and Type 2 students at the .05 significance level. Furthermore, student type was found to be a significant predictor of academic achievement beyond and above students’ attribute variables including sex, age, major, and enrollment status. The study has several implications for educational researchers, practitioners, and policy makers in terms of improving college students' learning behaviors and outcomes.

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Williams, Christine M. "Gender in the Development of Career Related Learning Experiences." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1278702627.

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Davison, Patrick Dru. "The Role of Self-Efficacy and Modeling in Improvisation: The Effects of Aural and Aural/Notated Modeling Conditions on Intermediate Instrumental Music Students' Improvisation Achievement." Thesis, connect to online resource, 2006. http://www.unt.edu/etd/all/Dec2006/Open/davison_patrick_dru/index.htm.

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Hjalmarsson, Sara. "Att klistra fast humöret : En kvalitativ studie av Aggression Replacement Training och dess upplevda behandlingseffekter." Thesis, Örebro University, School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-9835.

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Under 1990-talet implementerades i Sverige en metod för behandling av aggressivitethos barn och unga, som kallas Aggression Replacement Training (ART). Metoden ärutvecklad i USA av Arnold P. Goldstein och hans kollegor. Metoden har sin teoretiskagrund inom den sociala inlärningsteorin och bygger till stor del på behandlingsprinciperinspirerade av kognitiv beteendeterapi. ART som behandlingsmetod för aggressiva barnoch unga har fått stor spridning i Sverige och en av de kommuner som erbjuder ARTsom öppenvårdsinsats inom socialtjänsten är Västerås. Denna uppsats utgår från ettuppdrag från familjebehandlingen i Västerås Stad, som önskar belysa vilka eventuellaupplevda effekter deras variant av ART har gett. Förutom detta syftar uppsatsen ocksåtill att teoretiskt beskriva ART med avseende på teoretiskt ursprung och praktiskttillämpning. Studien, som har en kvalitativ ansats, utgår från en specifikbehandlingsgrupp om fem barn, vars föräldrar har intervjuats om vilka eventuellaeffekter de upplever att behandlingen gett. Resultaten är inte helt entydiga, då vissaföräldrar väldigt tydligt upplevt stora förbättringar när det gäller ilska och aggressivitethos sitt barn, medan andra föräldrar inte tycker sig se några större förändringar.Genomgående är dock föräldrarna nöjda med metoden och dess genomförande somsådant, men efterfrågar t.ex. intensivare och mer långvariga insatser för att ökamöjligheten för deras barn att ta till sig behandlingen fullt ut.

During the 1990’s a method of treatment for aggression and anger problems in childrenand youth was introduced in Sweden, witch is called Aggression Replacement Training(ART). ART was first developed in the United States, by Arnold P. Goldstein andcolleagues. The method has its theoretical foundation in the social learning theory and isinspired by the treatment principles found in cognitive behavioural therapy. ART as atreatment method for aggressive children and youth has been widely spread in Swedenand one of the cities that offers ART within their social services are Västerås. This essayis a mission from the unit of family treatment in Västerås Stad, who has an interest inelucidate possible treatment outcomes from their work with ART. In addition to that, thepurpose of this essay is to describe the theoretical foundations and practical appliancesof ART. This study, which has a qualitative approach, emanate from a specific treatmentgroup of five children, whose parents has been interviewed about what, if any, outcomethey experience that the treatment has resulted in. The results are not really univocal.Some of the parents experience very significant improvements in their child’sexpression of anger and aggressiveness, whereas some other parents don’t experienceany improvement at all. Consistently though, all of the parents are very pleased with themethod itself and its implementation, but some of them ask for more intensive and farreachinginterventions, to increase the possibilities for their children to fully ingest thetreatment.Key

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Cameron, Austin Sterling. "The Influence of Media on Himba Conceptions of Dress, Ancestral and Cattle Worship, and the Implications for Culture Change." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3427.

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For the Himba, deeply embedded cultural symbols—traditional daily way of life, traditional beliefs about the sacredness of cattle, and religious beliefs of ancestral worship—are of ancient origin and have been retained in their culture throughout all of recorded history. While they still exist in Himba society today, some scholars have observed a potential widespread generational shift in adherence to these core cultural values and beliefs. This study presents the findings of 41 in-depth interviews with members of the Himba tribe in northern Namibia—specifically Opuwo and Otutati—ages 18 to 65. It examines the degree to which cultural differences are emerging as a result of exposure to various influences including modern media. Special attention is given to differences among generational groups—young, middle-aged, and older Himba—that have occurred in the Himba daily way of life. Cultural differences are indicated by beliefs regarding dress and living style, cattle, and ancestral worship—the three major, deep-rooted Himba cultural symbols. Three theoretical explanations for culture change are discussed in order to explain observed differences among generational groups. Implications for culture change are provided as well as areas requiring future study. This study is unlike any other conducted among the Himba in that it formally addresses the degree to which cultural change of core cultural values exists. Himba culture has proven to be resilient to foreign influences, but some observers suggest that this is changing. Given the resources, times, and methodological restraints involved in this study, it was necessary to limit its scope to just an exploration of the existence of a potential widespread generational difference in Himba cultural values, and not an in-depth exploration of the reasons behind it. This research hopes to provide a foundation of research from which subsequent researchers can progress in our collective understanding of what Himba generational changes are occurring and how these potentially unprecedented changes have occurred.

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Reed, Ashley. "The Role of Engagement in Athletic Training Clinical Education: A Case Study." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1530025251936778.

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Heaton, Michelle G. "A Pedagogy of Hope: Levers of Change in Transformative Place-based Learning Systems." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1588265231971143.

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Spiteri, Anthony. "Culture and social learning in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and children (Homo sapiens)." Thesis, St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/745.

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Jill, Ryan. "A South African retrospective study of children’s exposure to domestic violence as a predisposing factor for revictimization in adulthood." Thesis, University of Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3897.

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Magister Artium - MA
Domestic violence has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. Every year, 275 million children globally are exposed to domestic violence. Witnessing domestic violence during childhood has been linked to various risks such as potential health risks, unemployment, deviant behavior, susceptibility to other subsets of family violence, various psychopathologies, as well as potential perpetration and revictimization. Boys are twice as likely to become perpetrators of abuse in adulthood if they have witnessed domestic violence in comparison to boys from nonviolent homes. Girls exposed to domestic violence were shown to be more accepting of abusive married life than girls from non-violent homes. The aim of the study was to describe the perceptions of childhood exposure to domestic violence as a predisposing factor for revictimization in adulthood. The study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional correlational design. The sample consisted of 77 female participants from shelters across Cape Town, Western Cape. The study employed an adapted version of The Child Exposure to Domestic Violence (CEDV) Scale. The questionnaire was divided into three sections, namely demographic details, types of exposure to domestic violence the adult may have experienced as a child, and lastly current adult experiences of domestic violence. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences V21 (SPSS). Results suggest that there is a significant positive relationship between past perceived experiences of domestic violence and present perceived experiences of domestic violence. Limitations and recommendations are stipulated for proposed intervention strategies and further study expansion on this topic

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Ferreira, Ruy. "Interatividade educativa : uma visão pedagogica." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/251765.

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Orientador: Jose Armando Valente
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo: A tese trata do conceito de Interatividade Educativa sob a fundamentação dada na intersecção do conceito de facilitação pedagógica da Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa de David Ausubel e interação/mediação proposta por Lev Vygotski, em sua Teoria Sócio-Histórica. A pesquisa, realizada numa abordagem sistêmico-relacional, tratou da influência do conceito de Interatividade Educativa quando do planejamento, elaboração e emprego de conteúdos educativos em meios digitais de ensino e aprendizagem. Como objetivo principal buscou-se definir interatividade educativa quando a oferta de conteúdos curriculares se der em mídia digital e submeter o modelo a uma ação pedagógica intentando validá-lo. Tem como objetivos intermediários: 1) Analisar a literatura sobre interatividade, nos campos da Computação, Comunicação e Pedagogia; 2) Definir conceitualmente interatividade educativa na ação pedagógica realizada em meio digital; 3) Refletir sobre o emprego de meios digitais e sobre o papel do professor a partir da concepção de interatividade educativa; 4) Confrontar o modelo proposto com a realidade escolar buscando pontos fortes e fracos capazes de validá-lo ou não. Os métodos utilizados foram a pesquisa teórica de cunho bibliográfico, por meio de um exaustivo processo de análise, reflexão, crítica e síntese, associado a uma pesquisa-ação que aplica a definição proposta em uma situação pedagógica. Os resultados obtidos até o momento, por meio da análise da matriz SWOT realizada pelos participantes da pesquisa-ação, determinam qualitativamente a validade do modelo ao indicar pontos fortes coincidentes com sua finalidade, destacando entre outros: Capacidade pedagógica; Processo avaliativo; e Adequação ao dispositivo pedagógico de formação.
Abstract: The thesis aims to define Educational Interactivity, based on the concepts of instructional strategies from David Ausubel's Theory of Meaningful Learning and interaction/mediation proposed by Lev Vygotski's Sociohistorical Theory. The research, developed according to the systemic-relational approach, investigates the influence of Educational Interactivity concept on planning, elaboration and use of educational contents in digital media to be used in teaching and learning contexts. The main objective is to establish a formal model for the Educational Interactivity concept in the context of elaboration of didactic contents to be used with digital media and to validate this model in a pedagogical activity. The intermediary objectives are to 1) study the literature related to interactivity, in the areas of computing, communication and pedagogy; 2) define Educational Interactivity conceptually related to pedagogical activity developed through digital media; 3) Reflect on the use of digital media and on the teacher's role related to the Educational Interactivity concept; 4) Confront the proposed model with the school reality, looking for strong and weak points in order to be able to validate this model. The methods used were bibliographical research, through an extensive process of analysis, reflection, criticism and synthesis, and an action-research approach applying the proposed model in a practical pedagogical situation. The results obtained by means of the SWOT analysis, conducted by the participants of the action-research, show the qualitative validity of the model highlighting aspects such as Pedagogical Capacity, Evaluation Process and Pedagogical Suitability related to the model purpose.
Doutorado
Ensino e Práticas Culturais
Doutor em Educação

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Sarmiento, Miguel Angel. "La fórmula de tratamiento usted como marcador étnico del habla : Sus correlaciones con algunos factores de la tríada ecológica en contexto de etnias en contacto." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för spanska, portugisiska och latinamerikastudier, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1394.

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This study aims at exploring the social, affective and cognitive variables that would be related to the use of the address form usted in Chilean Spanish. Specifically, we refer to the use that can be observed in interactions between Chileans residing in Sweden. A particular aspect of this situation is that, while the majority group almost exclusively use the form that is commonly associated with solidarity (in this case the Swedish pronoun du), the minority group referred to maintains the pronoun that normally is associated with power, distance, formality and politeness: usted. In other words, while the equivalent in Swedish of usted (ni) is seldom used in majority language, the opposite is observed in the minority language object of study. We believe that the motives for the use of usted in this minority context are more complex than they appear to be. Consequently, an alternative hypothesis has been worked out with reference to theories within the area of Social Psychology. On this basis the following main hypothesis was formulated: Individuals representing the minority group in ethnic contact situations tend to increase their identification with the minority group in order to be admitted by and adhere to this group, if they feel that they are rejected by the majority group. The form usted is not the result of a fortuitous situation, nor can it be explained by the fact that it is the normal usage in the native country, but that it fulfils a strategic objective: to mark the affiliation with the minority group. The method has consisted in grouping together and correlating factors pertaining to the environment, the agent and the guest according to the Ecological Triad, the interaction of which contributes to the appearance of the observed behaviour that underlies this study. The statistical analysis enabled us to verify what was put forward in the hypothesis.

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Fuller, Lorna Pattrice. "The Impact of Participation in Workplace Adult Education Programs on Low-Income Single Mothers Working in Healthcare Service Occupations." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1631818610653344.

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Silva, Waldir Barbosa da. "Aprendizagem: um estudo da contribuição da capacitação de motoristas de caminhão para a redução dos custos operacionais da frota." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/1219.

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The purpose of this dissertation is to study the contribution of actions of truck drivers training, searching for operational costs reduction of the load carrier companies. For it, the learning theories provide support to the training actions analysis, notably the social cognitive theory of Albert Bandura (1986), which explains human actuation through a reciprocity model in which the behavior, the cognitive personal factors and the environmental events interact among themselves in a determinant way. It is an approach between the two mainly learning models, behaviorist and cognitivist. From the hypothesis that capacitated drivers contribute to companies competitiveness, indicators were defined to make possible that such subjective concepts could be understood and measured in an objective manner. The field research involved 105 vehicles with its respective drivers, distributed into 14 companies. The investigation was quantitative, with comparison of measuring data before and after training actions. It was tried this way to verify the statistic significance of the indicators variation between the two measurements. The work was developed in two steps. At the first step, the data were analyzed for the 14 companies as a whole. At the second step, an individual analysis was preceded, it means, route by route. The research revealed that to the sample as a whole and to 13 from 14 companies, when evaluated individually, the training actions produced changing at the drivers actuation manner with the vehicles being conducted in a safer and more economic way, consequently generating operational cost reduction to the companies
RESUMO O objetivo desta dissertação é o de estudar as contribuições de ações de capacitação de motoristas de caminhão, com vistas na redução dos custos operacionais das transportadoras de carga. Para tanto, as teorias de aprendizagem dão suporte à análise das ações de capacitação, notadamente, a teoria cognitiva social de Albert Bandura (1986), que explica a atuação humana por um modelo de reciprocidade no qual a conduta, os fatores pessoais cognitivos e os acontecimentos ambientais interagem entre si de forma determinante. Trata-se de uma aproximação entre os dois principais modelos de aprendizagem, o behaviorista e o cognitivo. A partir da hipótese de que motoristas capacitados contribuem para a competitividade das empresas, foram definidos indicadores para possibilitar que tais conceitos subjetivos pudessem ser entendidos e medidos de forma objetiva. A pesquisa de campo envolveu 105 veículos, com seus respectivos motoristas, distribuídos em 14 empresas. A investigação foi quantitativa, com comparação dos dados das medições antes e após as ações de capacitação. Procurou-se, dessa forma, verificar a significância estatística das variações dos indicadores entre as duas medições. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em duas etapas. Na primeira etapa, os dados foram analisados para as 14 empresas como um todo. Na segunda etapa procedeu-se a uma análise individual, ou seja, rota a rota. A pesquisa revelou que para a amostra como um todo e para 13 das 14 empresas, quando avaliadas individualmente, as ações de capacitação produziram alteração na forma de atuação dos motoristas com os veículos sendo conduzidos de forma mais econômica e segura, conseqüentemente, gerando redução dos custos operacionais para as empresas

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Silva, Karla Ignês Corvino. "Critérios informacionais para elaboração de conteúdo instrucional para a web com base nos princípios de aprendizagem multimídia." Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2017. http://ridi.ibict.br/handle/123456789/938.

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A tecnologia permite elaborar conteúdos instrucionais em diferentes suportes e formatos com o uso de áudios, textos, vídeos e animações, os quais influenciam distintamente na maneira como o ser humano interage com a informação e aprende. A compreensão dessas influências é importante para adaptar a tecnologia multimídia para melhorar a aprendizagem humana. A Teoria Cognitiva de Aprendizagem Multimídia de Richard Mayer apresenta princípios básicos para a elaboração de material instrucional multimídia visando a facilitar a aprendizagem, com base em como as pessoas aprendem. Estudos empíricos nas áreas de psicologia, educação, tecnologia e outras, têm buscado validar os princípios da teoria e testar suas implicações no processo de aprendizagem. O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar critérios informacionais, com base na análise sistemática de estudos empíricos sobre a consistência dos princípios preconizados pela Teoria Cognitiva de Aprendizagem Multimídia, que possam ser utilizados na elaboração e na adaptação de material instrucional multimídia na web, de modo a maximizar a aprendizagem e a transferência cognitiva de conhecimento técnico especializado. A partir desses achados, material instrucional multimídia do programa Dia de Campo na TV é analisado e adaptações são sugeridas, para facilitar o processo de transferência de tecnologia e de conhecimento por meio da web. Por fim, uma lista de recomendações para subsidiar a criação de novos conteúdos instrucionais é oferecida, a fim de ampliar a efetividade do uso de recursos multimídia na promoção da aprendizagem e na difusão coletiva de conhecimento especializado.
Technology allows the development of instructional content in different supports and formats, including audio, text, video and animations, which affect the ways humans interact with information and learn. It is important to understand these influences in order to adapt multimedia technology to enhance human learning. Richard Mayer's Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML) presents principles to which multimedia instructional material should conform to facilitate learning, built upon an understanding of how people learn. Empirical studies in the areas of psychology, education, technology and others have sought to validate these principles and test their implications in the learning process. The aim of this research is to identify informational criteria, based upon a systematic review of the literature about the consistency of principles advocated by CTML, to be used in the creation and adaptation of multimedia instructional material on the Internet, in order to maximize learning experience and specialized knowledge cognitive transfer. From these findings, the multimedia instructional material of Field Day on TV program is analyzed and adaptations are suggested to improve the knowledge and technology transfer process throgh the web. Finally, a list of recommendations to support the creation of new instructional contents is organized to increase the effectiveness of the use of multimedia resources to enhance learning experience and specialized knowledge diffusion.

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Rusanganwa, Joseph. "Enhancing Physics Learning through Instruction, Technical Vocabulary and ICT : A Case of Higher Education in Rwanda." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Pedagogik och vuxnas lärande, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-85835.

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The overarching aim of this thesis is to explore how teaching and learning in tertiary education is performed in times of change both in language policy and learning approaches. The study takes social constructivist and socio-cultural theories as its major points of departure. These theories are combined with cognitive theory of learning with multimedia. The four studies comprising this thesis are born out of a new situation demanding the mastery of a scientific language in English and new ways of teaching and learning backed with ICT. The studies set out to investigate (i) how students and teachers adapt to a change of medium of instruction (ii) what teachers and students of physics learn when constructing a multimedia vocabulary learning instrument (iii) the impact of two methods of teaching vocabulary on students’ test performance and (iv) how teachers reflect on the use of ICT in Physics teaching. To attain these targets, the study employed a blend of qualitative and quantitative designs to gather relevant data. In three studies, data were gathered from classroom practices in tertiary education. The fourth study included teacher interviews on their experiences with ICT. Findings indicate that the understanding of physics was facilitated by a variation in language use in different classroom spaces, students and teachers’ collaborative selection of technical vocabulary and a multimedia tool of technical vocabulary software constructed by two teachers and the researcher. According to the teachers, the quality of physics teaching would be enhanced further by adopting learner-centred teaching methods and the integration of more advanced ICT. The studies show that teachers and students are on their way to develop ICT tools for teaching and learning. Given adequate support, this can pave the way for transforming teaching and allowing for further quality development in innovative and creative ways of learning with ICT.
Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling är att undersöka hur undervisning och lärande inom högre utbildning sker i tider av förändring både inom språkpolicy och inom lärande. Studien tar socialkonstruktivistiska och socio-kulturella teorier som utgångspunkt. Dessa teorier har kombinerats med en kognitiv teori om lärande med multimedia. Studien består av fyra studier som behandlar den nya situation som uppstått när studenter och lärare behöver bemästra ett vetenskapligt språk på engelska och nya sätt att undervisa och lära med stöd av IKT. Studiernas syfte är att undersöka (i) hur studenter och lärare anpassar sig till ett förändrat undervisningsspråk (ii) vad lärare och studenter inom fysik lär när de konstruerar ett multimedia instrument (iii) utfallet av två olika metoder att lära studenter ett fackspråk inom fysik som det visar sig i olika test (iv) hur lärare reflekterar över användningen av IKT inom ämnesområdet fysik. För att uppnå dessa mål används en kombination av kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder. I tre studier samlades data från klassrumspraktiker inom högre utbildning. I den fjärde studien intervjuades lärare om sina erfarenheter med IKT. Resultaten visar att förståelse av fackspråkliga begrepp underlättades av att olika språk användes beroende på avstånd eller närhet till eleverna i klassrummet. Samarbete mellan studenter och lärare i att välja ord och begrepp som skulle användas och mellan lärarna och forskaren i att konstruera ett multimedia-instrument påverkade också lärandet positivt. Enligt de intervjuade lärarna skulle kvaliteten i fysikundervisningen kunna förbättras ytterligare genom att använda elevcentrerade undervisningsmetoder och mer avancerad IKT. Studierna visar att lärare och studenter är på väg att utveckla IKT redskap för undervisning och lärande. Med adekvat stöd kan detta bereda vägen för en transformering av undervisningen och ge utrymme för vidare kvalitetsutveckling genom uppfinningsrika och kreativa sätt att lära med stöd av IKT.

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Kailing, Danielle W., and Peggy PhD Cantrell. "TRADITIONAL MASCULINITY & ADVERTISING IMAGE APPROVAL." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/191.

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This project investigates the relationship between adherence to traditional masculinity and approval of selected advertising images. Because traditional masculinity includes characteristics supportive of aggression and dominance; I hypothesize that an increase in adherence to traditional masculinity will correlate with approval of the violence found in some print advertisements. Participants include 259 men who completed an anonymous, online, survey. Adherence to masculinity is measured using the Male Role Norm Inventory-Revised (MRNI-R) (Levant, et. al, 2007). Each picture is scored on a 5-point Likert Scale. As hypothesized, an increase in total MRNI-R score, is significantly correlated with an increase in the approval of the depiction of women, men and male/female interactions, with (r=.340, a=0.01) (r=.244, a=0.01) (r=.360, a=0.01), respectively. The results indicate that men reporting adherence to traditional masculinity also see violence in advertising positively. Future research should further examine marketing and its relationship with gender role acquisition, and violence in intimate partners.

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Black, Arianna Louise. "Evaluation of the AWARES Mentorship Program on Female Engineering Students’ Career Self-Efficacy." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587054612430114.

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Ensslen, Anysia J. "EXPERIENCES OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY GRADUATE STUDENTS: AN EXPLORATORY PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/edl_etds/5.

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Within the past decade little research has been conducted in the United States to examine the preparedness of beginning speech-language pathologists; the seminal article used for this research study comes from the United Kingdom (Horton, Byng, Bunning, & Pring, 2004). Literature from the past few decades indicates that there may be deficiencies in the way that beginning speech-language pathologists are being trained clinically. The review of the literature suggests that the field may lack a clear and broadly supported learning theory or framework for the clinical supervision and training of speech-language pathology graduate students. The literature further supports the importance of work-embedded learning and problem-based learning, as well as suggests a theoretical framework that may be utilized for supervision and clinical training in the future. The purpose of this exploratory phenomenological study is to understand and describe how speech-language pathology graduate students perceive their clinical training and supervision obtained during graduate school prepared them for their first externship placements. The literature suggests that a framework for the transfer of theoretical knowledge into the clinical setting is often not present in graduate academic programs (Horton & Byng, 2000b). Models of highly effective practices that are grounded in adult learning theory and empirical research regarding clinical training and supervision should be taken into account. In this way, department-level leaders may be able to design more effective models for clinical training and supervision. The data from participant interviews conducted for this study were organized into two over-arching themes: supervision and clinical experiences. The data in each theme were further organized into more specific categories. The theme of supervision includes five categories: a) most helpful supervisor characteristics, b) least helpful supervisor characteristics, c) differences in supervision, d) feedback from supervisors, and e) working with different supervisors. In addition, the theme of clinical experiences includes four categories: a) differences between in-house experiences and externship experiences, b) significant aspects of clinical training, c) limitations of clinical training, and d) limitations of clinical coursework.

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Merrick, Bradley Maxwell School of Music &amp Music Education UNSW. "The relationship between self-efficacy and self-regulated behaviour within a secondary school music technology based creative learning environment." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Music and Music Education, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25768.

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This study employed the theoretical framework of Albert Bandura???s social cognitive theory, to investigate how differing levels of self-efficacy impact on both the type and degree of self-regulatory behaviour employed by the students when composing music in a high school music program. The literature review revealed an abundance of related research suggesting a strong relationship between self-efficacy and self-regulated behaviour in the ???core??? academic domains of education. In contrast, there was no specific research found that had examined self-efficacy and self-regulation in the context of students composing music. An independent school in Sydney served as the research site, with sixty-eight students of varied year levels and musical experience participating in the study. Students used stand alone computers, the software ???Cubase??? and MIDI keyboards as they completed a task that involved creating an original piece of music in a genre of their own choice, over a series of four composition sessions. A mixed methodology was employed to determine if the influence of the students??? self-efficacy beliefs upon their self-regulation in a creative activity were consistent with existing research. Data were collected using a mixture of weekly measures and self-report scales, combined with a variety of questionnaires, logs, tally sheets and interviews. Eight variables, including the self-regulatory sub-processes of goal setting-strategic planning, intrinsic motivation, goal orientation, task expectation, time on task, task completion, monitoring were analysed together with an additional variable, defined as creative ability, to determine if evidence could be found of a relationship between self-efficacy and these specific behaviours while composing. The results suggest that the pre-task (Week 1) measure of self-efficacy was closely associated with the students??? use of the eight self-regulatory dimensions as well as their perceived level of creative ability. Weekly self-efficacy measures also suggested that students??? employ self-regulated sub-processes proportionally to their respective levels of self-efficacy. Importantly, the more efficacious students employed a wider and more sophisticated repertoire of self-regulated behaviour when composing in contrast to the less efficacious students. Self-efficacy was also identified as a key factor amongst students who were initially identified as being naive self-regulators, but who through the duration of the task, modified their behaviour to become more skilful self-regulators. Throughout the study, the consistent level of interaction between self-efficacy and the use of self-regulated behaviours were aligned with findings in the core ???academic??? disciplines of education.

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McKim, Alison. "The Missing Piece: Enactment in Revealing and Redirecting Student Prior KnowledgeCan Enactment Expose Affect, Illuminate Mental Models, and Improve Assessment and Learning?" Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1428067920.

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Curtis, Bryony. "The effects of exposure to domestic abuse on adolescents' relationship attitudes and reasoning of abusive behaviour, and an evaluation of an intervention programme for those who are displaying perpetrator behaviours." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/117753.

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Paper one: The attitudes and reasoning of abusive behaviour in adolescents who have been exposed to domestic abuse Exposure to domestic abuse in childhood can go on to negatively affect every aspect of that individual’s life. During adolescence, the impact of exposure to domestic abuse may go beyond the borders of the family and the individual, and affect the development of intimate relationships. This study explores the attitudes and reasoning of eleven young people who have been exposed to domestic abuse and are displaying perpetrator behaviours. Results reveal a complex interaction between experiences and skill deficits at a crucial time of identity formation, resulting in the formation and maintenance of destructive attitudes and contradictory reasoning about abusive behaviour. The direct implications of this study, suggestions for further research, and for Educational Psychology Services are discussed. Paper two: An evaluation of an intervention for adolescents who have been exposed to domestic abuse and are displaying perpetrator behaviours Where domestic violence occurs, children and young people are likely to have been exposed to such abuse. Evidence suggests that this is likely to have a detrimental impact on them. There is an acute gap in provision for such individuals, despite evidence suggesting a link between exposure to domestic abuse in childhood, and involvement in abusive dating relationships in late adolescence and adulthood. There has been little research testing the effectiveness of intervention programmes which aim to reduce this risk. In this study a before and after design was used to evaluate a cognitive-behavioural intervention programme for young people who have been exposed to domestic abuse and are displaying abusive behaviours. This evaluation was based on the views of the young people on this programme. Results indicate that certain elements of the programme were more successful in achieving the programme aims. Considerations for the development of further programmes which target this client group are discussed.

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Lemon, Rochelle L. "African American Women's Experiences of Racist and Sexist Events and Their Relation to the Career Choice Process." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1280107432.

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Rai, Prabhat. "Building common knowledge : a cultural-historical analysis of pedagogical practices at a rural primary school in Rajasthan, India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:22402128-d2ca-4de5-8255-c15e4b4699dd.

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The centralised control over curriculum framing and pedagogy, the generally poor quality of teaching with little sensitivity to children’s sociocultural environment; and very high drop out rates, even at the primary school level, are some of the challenges facing school education in many of the regions of India. However, one of the successful approaches to these challenges has been the Digantar school system, working in rural communities. The study is based in one Digantar School in Rajasthan and employs concepts derived from the Vygotskian tradition to interrogate the methods employed in Digantar school system. The study took Edwards’ (2010a, 2011, 2012) idea of common knowledge and Hedegaard’s (2008, 2012, 2013) idea of institutional demand in practices as conceptual lenses through which to investigate the components of the pedagogical practices that help Digantar teachers to align the motives of the school with those of the child in classroom activities. In doing so it analyses the institutional practices that lead to the development of common knowledge that in turn facilitates how teachers engage pupils as learners. Data were gathered over six months and comprised around 120 hours of school-based video data together with interviews and detailed observations with teachers and community members. Data were gathered in classrooms, teacher meetings, meetings between parents and teachers and at school-community meetings. Analyses focused on the construction of common knowledge and the use made of it by the school to achieve a mutual alignment of motives between the practices of the school with the community and the families. The study has revealed that teachers’ engagement with the knowledge and motives of other teachers and community members helped to create common knowledge, i.e. an understanding of what mattered for each participating group, which facilitated teaching-learning in the school. The analysis also points towards a form of democracy, which enhances children’s participation in their learning. It was found that building and sharing of common knowledge and creating a socially articulated ‘space of reasons’ (Derry 2008) produced a pedagogical model that engaged children in creating their social situation of development, seeking and recognising the curriculum demands being placed on them.

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Jankowska, Gierus Bogumila. "Learning with visual representations through cognitive load theory." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104827.

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This study examined two different strategies of learning with diagrams: drawing diagrams while learning or learning from pre-constructed diagrams. One hundred ninety six junior high school students were randomly placed in a condition either to draw while learning about how airplanes fly or to study from pre-constructed diagrams. Before the learning, students' prior knowledge and elaboration strategies were measured. During learning in either condition, students reported their mental effort. Afterwards, students' learning was tested on both a similar task and transfer task. Cook's (2006) theoretical framework, which combines prior knowledge and cognitive load theory on visual representations in science education, was used to analyze the results. Results showed that students' mental effort significantly increased in the drawing condition, yet results on the posttest were mixed. Students did not do better, and sometimes did worse, on the posttest measures when they learned by drawing diagrams versus using pre-constructed diagrams to learn. The exception was that students with low initial prior knowledge did do better. Elaborations strategies did not have an effect on students' achievement or mental effort in either condition.
Cette étude a examiné deux stratégies différentes d'apprendre à l'aide des diagrammes: le dessin de diagrammes tout en apprenant ou en apprenant sur la base des diagrammes préconstruits. Cent quatre-vingt-seize étudiants de lycée ont été aléatoirement placés dans une condition où soit ils dessinaient tout en se renseignant sur la façon dont les avions volent ou étudiaient à partir des diagrammes préconstruits. Avant l'étude, les stratégies de connaissance et d'élaboration des étudiants ont été vérifiées. Pendant l'étude sous l'une ou l'autre des conditions, les étudiants signalaient leur effort mental. Suite à cela, l'étude des étudiants est examinée sur une tâche semblable et une tâche de transfert. Cadre théorique de Cook (2006), qui combine la théorie de la connaissance antérieure et de charge cognitive sur les représentations visuelles dans l'éducation de la science, ont été employés pour analyser les résultats. Les résultats ont prouvé que l'effort mental des étudiants a augmenté sensiblement sous condition de dessin, pourtant les résultats sur le post-test étaient mitigés. En règle générale, les étudiants ont fait plus ou moins mauvais sur les mesures de post-test quand ils ont appris en traçant des diagrammes au contraire de l'utilisation des diagrammes préconstruits pour apprendre. Cependant, les étudiants ayant une faible connaissance de base ont mieux exécuté le post-test en traçant leurs propres diagrammes. Les stratégies d'élaborations n'ont pas exercé d' effet sur l'accomplissement ou l'effort mental des étudiants pour chacune des conditions.

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42

Hassan, Nazir Ahmed. "An investigative study on the affect and concerns of mathematics student teachers with special reference to social-context based learning packages / Nazir Ahmed Hassan." Thesis, North-West University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8698.

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This investigative study was undertaken against the background of the recent calls for back to basics by the Schooling 2025 initiative, as well as to address the 2000 and 2009 Review Committees’ reports on the training and development of teachers and on the variable quality of learning support materials. The act of systemic transformation has led to two curriculum revisions taking place within the South African education sector and has inevitably culminated in the identification of shortcomings in teacher development and learning materials. This study has positioned itself to address these shortcomings at pre-service level through the preparation of Mathematics student teachers as prospective Mathematics teachers. In addressing the issue of inadequate training, the focus of the study was not only on cognition, but also on how affect could influence the learning of Mathematics so as to ensure a more encompassing approach in understanding how student teachers learn and do Mathematics. Integrated research on affect and cognition could lead to optimal performance in the teaching and learning of Mathematics and researchers in mathematics education need to acknowledge the role and impact of the affective domain and integrate it into studies of cognition. If learners are going to become competent learners of Mathematics, their affective responses to Mathematics are going to be much more intense than if they are merely expected to achieve satisfactory levels of performance in low-order mathematical skills. In the studies on mathematics cognition, the focus of mathematical competencies is on abilities and capabilities while, in the affective domain, competencies in mathematics are more than the abilities to perform observable tasks. Rather, the focus of the affective competencies lies in the direction, the degree and the levels of intensities of affect constructs (or their variables) that will define mathematical competencies within the affective domain. Evidentiary (qualitative) data from this study supported the contention that affect does influence the learning of mathematics since there were distinct patterns in the overall expressions of participants towards this aspect of the research. The acknowledgment of the concerns of student teachers during field practicum could possibly help in ameliorating these concerns through the identification of what student teachers were mostly concerned about when teaching Mathematics and how, by addressing these concerns, could help improve their teaching skills and abilities. Based on the quantitative evidence, the three subscales of self, task and impact used in the Student Concerns Questionnaire (SCQ) were modified on the basis of factor analysis to a two-factor model (concerns about self-benefit and concerns about learner-benefit). Some of the statistical results were integrated with the narrative data to provide substantive support for the expressions of student teachers. No classical trends, as noted in the concerns theory, could be detected in this study. It was statistically inferred that a majority of Mathematics student teachers who participated in this study were moderately concerned about most of the concerns statements noted in each of the items on the SCQ. In addressing the variable quality of the learning material the study focused on the development and the use of social context learning packages. The utilisation of these learning packages (in an intervention strategy) was aimed at strengthening social context knowledge and education, and explored its role in the translation (if any) of student teacher concerns within a hierarchical spectrum. The evidence on how student teachers perceived the use of these learning packages was recorded during the interviews. Analyses of the verbal data revealed that the participating student teachers agreed with the use of social context learning packages as part of their Mathematics lessons. In sum, the need to prepare effective Mathematics teachers and raise the academic calibre of prospective Mathematics teachers was fundamental to the overall design of this study. It is trusted that curriculum planners and designers will consider the recommendations of this study to address the so-called inadequacies within the education system of South Africa.
Thesis (PhD (Mathematics Education))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

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Tsividis, Pedro A. "Theory-based learning in humans and machines." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/121813.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2019
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 123-130).
Humans are remarkable in their ability to rapidly learn complex tasks from little experience. Recent successes in Al have produced algorithms that can perform complex tasks well in environments whose simple dynamics are known in advance, as well as models that can learn to perform expertly in unknown environments after a great amount of experience. Despite this, no current AI models are able to learn sufficiently rich and general representations so as to support rapid, human-level learning on new, complex, tasks. This thesis examines some of the epistemic practices, representations, and algorithms that we believe underlie humans' ability to quickly learn about their world and to deploy that understanding to achieve their aims. In particular, the thesis examines humans' ability to effectively query their environment for information that helps distinguish between competing hypotheses (Chapter 2); children's ability to use higher-level amodal features of data to match causes and effects (Chapter 3); and adult human rapid-learning abilities in artificial video-game environments (Chapter 4). The thesis culminates by presenting and testing a model, inspired by human inductive biases and epistemic practices, that learns to perform complex video-game tasks at human levels with human-level amounts of experience (Chapter 5). The model is an instantiation of a more general approach, Theory-Based Reinforcement Learning, which we believe can underlie the development of human-level agents that may eventually learn and act adaptively in the real world.
by Pedro A. Tsividis.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences

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44

Burkes, Kate M. Erland Allen Jeff M. "Applying cognitive load theory to the design of online learning." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3698.

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Burkes, Kate M. Erland. "Applying Cognitive Load Theory to the Design of Online Learning." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3698/.

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The purpose of the study was to investigate the application of cognitive load theory to the design of online instruction. Students in three different courses (N = 146) were measured on both learning performance and perceptions of mental effort to see if there were any statistically significant differences. The study utilized a quasi-experimental posttest-only control group design contrasting modified and unmodified instructional lessons. Both groups were given a posttest to measure knowledge gained from the lesson (cognitive domain of learning) and perceptions of mental effort involved. Independent samples t-tests were used to compare the mean performance scores of the treatment groups (i.e. the sections using redesigned materials) versus the control groups for all three courses. Cohen's d was also computed to determine effect size. Mental effort scores were similarly compared for each group on the overall cognitive load score, for a total of six data points in the study. Of the four hypotheses examined, three (H1, H2, H4) found no statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups. Negative significance was found between the experimental and control group on the effect of modality (H3). On measures of cognitive load, no statistically significant differences were found.

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46

Leonard, Julia Anne Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Social influences on children's learning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120622.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 129-170).
Adults greatly impact children's learning: they serve as models of how to behave, and as parents, provide the larger social context in which children grow up. This thesis explores how adults impact children's learning across two time scales. Chapters 2 and 3 ask how a brief exposure to an adult model impacts children's moment-to-moment approach towards learning, and Chapters 4 and 5 look at how children's long-term social context impacts their brain development and capacity to learn. In Chapter 2, I show that preschool-age children integrate information from adults' actions, outcomes, and testimony to decide how hard to try on novel tasks. Children persist the longest when adults practice what they preach: saying they value effort, or giving children a pep talk, in conjunction with demonstrating effortful success on their own task. Chapter 3 demonstrates that social learning about effort is present in the first year of life and generalizes across tasks. In Chapter 4, I find that adolescents' long-term social environments have a selective impact on neural structure and function: socioeconomic-status (SES) relates to hippocampal-prefrontal declarative memory, but not striatal-dependent procedural memory. Finally, in Chapter 5 I demonstrate that the neural correlates of fluid reasoning differ by SES, suggesting that positive brain development varies by early life environment. Collectively, this work elucidates both the malleable social factors that positively impact children's learning and the unique neural and cognitive adaptations that children develop in response to adverse environments.
by Julia Anne Leonard.
Ph. D.

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47

Ritter, Samuel. "Meta-reinforcement Learning with Episodic Recall| An Integrative Theory of Reward-Driven Learning." Thesis, Princeton University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13420812.

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Research on reward-driven learning has produced and substantiated theories of model-free and model-based reinforcement learning (RL), which respectively explain how humans and animals learn reflexive habits and build prospective plans. A highly developed line of work has unearthed the role of striatal dopamine in model-free learning, while the prefrontal cortex (PFC) appears to critically subserve model-based learning. The recent theory of meta-reinforcement learning (meta-RL) explained a wide array of findings by positing that the model-free dopaminergic reward prediction error trains the recurrent prefrontal network to execute arbitrary RL algorithms—including model-based RL—in its activations.

In parallel, a nascent understanding of a third reinforcement learning system is emerging: a non-parametric system that stores memory traces of individual experiences rather than aggregate statistics. Research on such episodic learning has revealed its unmistakeable traces in human behavior, developed theory to articulate algorithms underlying that behavior, and pursued the contention that the hippocampus is centrally involved. These developments lead to a set of open questions about (1) how the neural mechanisms of episodic learning relate to those underlying incremental model-free and model-based learning and (2) how the brain arbitrates among the contributions of this abundance of valuation strategies.

This thesis extends meta-RL to provide an account for episodic learning, incremental learning, and the coordination between them. In this theory of episodic meta-RL (EMRL), episodic memory reinstates activations in the prefrontal network based on contextual similarity, after passing them through a learned gating mechanism (Chapters 1 and 2). In simulation, EMRL can solve episodic contextual water maze navigation problems and episodic contextual bandit problems, including those with Omniglot class contexts and others with compositional structure (Chapter 3). Further, EMRL reproduces episodic model-based RL and its coordination with incremental model-based RL on the episodic two-step task (Vikbladh et al., 2017; Chapter 4). Chapter 5 discusses more biologically detailed extensions to EMRL, and Chapter 6 analyzes EMRL with respect to a set of recent empirical findings. Chapter 7 discusses EMRL in the context of various topics in neuroscience.

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48

Brazas, Michael L. "Cognitive load theory and programmed instruction." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001011.

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49

Bouvrie, Jacob V. "Hierarchical learning : theory with applications in speech and vision." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54227.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2009.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-132).
Over the past two decades several hierarchical learning models have been developed and applied to a diverse range of practical tasks with much success. Little is known, however, as to why such models work as well as they do. Indeed, most are difficult to analyze, and cannot be easily characterized using the established tools from statistical learning theory. In this thesis, we study hierarchical learning architectures from two complementary perspectives: one theoretical and the other empirical. The theoretical component of the thesis centers on a mathematical framework describing a general family of hierarchical learning architectures. The primary object of interest is a recursively defined feature map, and its associated kernel. The class of models we consider exploit the fact that data in a wide variety of problems satisfy a decomposability property. Paralleling the primate visual cortex, hierarchies are assembled from alternating filtering and pooling stages that build progressively invariant representations which are simultaneously selective for increasingly complex stimuli. A goal of central importance in the study of hierarchical architectures and the cortex alike, is that of understanding quantitatively the tradeoff between invariance and selectivity, and how invariance and selectivity contribute towards providing an improved representation useful for learning from data. A reasonable expectation is that an unsupervised hierarchical representation will positively impact the sample complexity of a corresponding supervised learning task.
(cont.) We therefore analyze invariance and discrimination properties that emerge in particular instances of layered models described within our framework. A group-theoretic analysis leads to a concise set of conditions which must be met to establish invariance, as well as a constructive prescription for meeting those conditions. An information-theoretic analysis is then undertaken and seen as a means by which to characterize a model's discrimination properties. The empirical component of the thesis experimentally evaluates key assumptions built into the mathematical framework. In the case of images, we present simulations which support the hypothesis that layered architectures can reduce the sample complexity of a non-trivial learning problem. In the domain of speech, we describe a 3 localized analysis technique that leads to a noise-robust representation. The resulting biologically-motivated features are found to outperform traditional methods on a standard phonetic classification task in both clean and noisy conditions.
by Jacob V. Bouvrie.
Ph.D.

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50

Mills, LeAnn R. "Applying social cognitive career theory to college science majors." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Social Cognitive Learning Theory'

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