Academic literature on the topic 'Social comparison identification-contrast scales'

Individuals differ considerably in their social comparison orientation (SCO), that is, the extent to which and the frequency with which they compare themselves with others. In this chapter, the major findings with the scale assessing SCO are discussed. After presenting the basic psychometric properties of the scale and the relationships with various personality variables, the authors discuss how SCO is related to, among others, seeking upward and downward social comparison information, to establishing one’s risk, and to assessing one’s future prospects. Next, we present particularly the role of SCO in moderating the effects of upward and downward social comparison information with respect to a variety of contexts and dimensions, including close relationships, ageing, work and organizations, depression, health, and physical attractiveness. Special attention is paid to the question if SCO fosters identification and assimilation rather than contrast.

According to Forbes, India has experienced a striking growth in billionaire wealth since 1991. It has also experienced high-profile corruption scams between politicians and business. This chapter develops an interpretative comparison between contemporary India and the Gilded Age in the United States of America. It argues that there are important parallels with the Gilded Age, around private wealth creation on the back of corporate expansion, extensive links between business and political interests, and widespread sharing of economic rents as part of the political equilibrium; this nevertheless coexists with significant building of industrial capabilities. It then explores a contrast with the US Progressive Era. The comparison suggests the medium-term prospect is for a continuance of a mix of connected capitalism and populist social strategies, including in the wake of Narendra Modi’s election. This can be interpreted as a new version of Pranab Bardhan’s collective action problem.

<i>Abstract</i> .—In this paper, we describe and contrast the features of common and public fishing rights regimes in inland recreational fisheries management, using Germany as an example of a common property rights regime and the United States as an example of a public property rights regime. The German case is further distinguished into a common property rights regime at the regional level in “East Germany” (conducted by angler associations) and at the local level in “West Germany” (conducted by angling clubs). Comparisons are done using established concepts from propertyrights theory and common-pool resource literature followed by a discussion of strength and weaknesses of sustainable resource management for the different property-rights regimes examined. The strengths of common property rights regimes, particularly if on a small scale such as in West Germany, include good possibilities for controlling angling effort, fostering traditional ecological knowledge, and developing emotional attachments to local fisheries. Moreover, the high level of anglers’ involvement in local decision making facilitates intensive communication among anglers and between anglers and managers, which may result in timely conflict resolution, commitment to rules, and peer pressure towards rule compliance. Strengths of public property rights regimes for inland recreational fisheries, as in the United States, include a high professional standard for conducting monitoring and stock assessment activities along with the ability to develop a landscape perspective for recreational fisheries management. This facilitates scale matching to solve problems based on science-based planning of regulations and management intervention, which may better avoid the pitfalls of “one-size-fits-all” policies. Irrespective of the governance system in place, a risk of pronounced rivalry among users for access to common-pool resources, such as fish stocks within defined boundaries of either state, angler association, or angling club waters, remains. This highlights the need for continued enforcement of rules and regulations along with continued communication with stakeholders. This is particularly challenging in large-scale management systems, as in East Germany and the United States. Our paper forms a basis for further research on recreational fisheries governance to identify suitable property-rights regimes for specific cultural, social, and ecological settings.

ABSTRACT The Franciscan Complex of California, the type example of an exhumed accretionary complex, records a protracted history of voluminous subduction accretion along the western margin of North America. Recent geochronological work has improved our knowledge of the timing of accretion, but the details of the accretionary history are disputed, in part, due to uncertainties in regional-scale correlations of different units. We present new detrital zircon U-Pb ages from two sites on opposite sides of San Francisco Bay in central California that confirm previously proposed correlations. Both sites are characterized by a structurally higher blueschist-facies unit (Angel Island unit) underlain by a prehnite-pumpellyite-facies unit (Alcatraz unit). The Angel Island unit yields maximum depositional ages (MDAs) ranging from 112 ± 1 Ma to 114 ± 1 Ma (±2σ), and the Alcatraz unit yields MDAs between 94 ± 2 Ma and 99 ± 1 Ma. Restoration of post-subduction dextral displacement suggests these sites were originally 44–78 km apart and much closer to other Franciscan units that are now exposed farther south in the Diablo Range. Comparison with detrital zircon dates from the Diablo Range supports correlations of the Bay Area units with certain units in the Diablo Range. In contrast, correlations with Franciscan units in the northern Coast Ranges of California are not robust: some units are clearly older than those in the Bay Area whereas others exhibit distinct differences in provenance. Integration of age data from throughout the Franciscan Complex indicates long-lived and episodic accretion from the Early Cretaceous to Paleogene. Although minor, sporadic accretion began earlier, significant accretion occurred during the interval 123–80 Ma and was followed by minor accretion at ca. 53–49 Ma. Periods of accretion and nonaccretion were associated with arc magmatism in the Sierra Nevada–Klamath region, cessation of arc activity, and reorganization of paleodrainage systems, which implicates plate dynamics and sediment availability as major controls on the development of the Franciscan Complex.

Trajectory-User Linking (TUL) is an essential task in Geo-tagged social media (GTSM) applications, enabling personalized Point of Interest (POI) recommendation and activity identification. Existing works on mining mobility patterns often model trajectories using Markov Chains (MC) or recurrent neural networks (RNN) -- either assuming independence between non-adjacent locations or following a shallow generation process. However, most of them ignore the fact that human trajectories are often sparse, high-dimensional and may contain embedded hierarchical structures. We tackle the TUL problem with

ISUF 2017 XXIV international conference : City and territory in the globalization age. Regenerating historic Tripoli: urban form, problems and potential Mr. Almabrok Alakhal Almabrok.Alakhal@mail.bcu.ac.uk Keywords: Urban regeneration, Urban form, Changing pattern of urban form, Tripoli. Conference topics and scale : Urban morphological methods and techniques. Abstract This paper examines the impact of change, particularly Modernism, on a traditional Islamic urban core: the historic centre of Tripoli. It begins by discussing the historical background of Tripoli, identifying the key periods of

The Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA) is a voluntary, non-profit industry association representing major Canadian transmission pipeline companies. CEPA Integrity First® is an industry program developed by the CEPA member companies as a way to work to collectively to strengthen the pipeline industry’s performance, engagement and communications. Integrity First focuses on three main areas: safety, environment and socio-economics. Through Integrity First, members assess their internal systems, processes and practices using “guidance documents” developed through industry collaboration. T

UKAEA’s mission at its Dounreay establishment in the north of Scotland is to restore the site so that it can be used for other purposes, with a minimal effect on the environment and requiring minimal attention by future generations. A Dounreay Site Restoration Plan (DSRP) has been produced. It sets out the decommissioning and radioactive waste management activities to restore the site within the next 60 years. Management of solid low level radioactive waste (LLW) that already exists, and that which will be produced as the DSRP progresses is an essential site restoration activity. Altogether ar