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1
Sveinsdóttir, Ásta Kristjana. "The Social Construction of Human Kinds." Hypatia 28, no. 4 (2013): 716–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2012.01317.x.
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Social construction theorists face a certain challenge to the effect that they confuse the epistemic and the metaphysical: surely our conceptions of something are influenced by social practices, but that doesn't show that the nature of the thing in question is so influenced. In this paper I take up this challenge and offer a general framework to support the claim that a human kind is socially constructed, when this is understood as a metaphysical claim and as a part of a social constructionist debunking project. I give reasons for thinking that a conferralist framework is better equipped to capture the social constructionist intuition than rival accounts of social properties, such as a constitution account and a response‐dependence account, and that this framework helps to diagnose what is at stake in the debate between the social constructionists and their opponents. The conferralist framework offered here should be welcomed by social constructionists looking for firm foundations for their claims, and for anyone else interested in the debate over the social construction of human kinds.
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Sheets-Johnstone, Maxine. "Corporeal Archetypes and Power: Preliminary Clarifications and Considerations of Sex." Hypatia 7, no. 3 (1992): 39–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1992.tb00904.x.
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An examination of animate form reveals corporeal archetypes that underlie both human sexual behavior and the reigning Western biological paradigm of human sexuality that reworks the archetypes to enforce female oppression. Viewed within the framework of present-day social constructionist theory and Western biology, 1 show how both social constructionist feminists who disavow biology and biologists who reduce human biology to anatomy forget evolution and thereby forego understandings essential to the political liberation of women.
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Holmes, Janet. "Women at work." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 22, no. 2 (January 1, 1999): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.22.2.01hol.
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Over the last ten years, evidence of gender difference in the use of language has been re-examined from a social constructionist perspective. This approach emphasises the extent to which we actively “perform” or construct aspects of our social identity in interaction with others. Drawing on an extensive database of workplace interactions recorded in a wide range of New Zealand workplaces, this paper uses a social constructionist framework to examine the strategies used by women managers to perform their professional identities at work. The analysis examines the ways in which these women draw on a range of discourse strategies to effectively manage meetings and achieve their workplace objectives.
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Channon, Alex, and George Jennings. "The Rules of Engagement: Negotiating Painful and “Intimate” Touch in Mixed-Sex Martial Arts." Sociology of Sport Journal 30, no. 4 (December 2013): 487–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.30.4.487.
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Within the sociology of sport and its related disciplines, martial arts have become increasingly popular sites for research on embodiment, gender and society. While much previous work in this area has focused upon the embodied experiences of either male or female practitioners, relatively few studies have directly addressed the social significance of mixed-sex practice. In this empirically-focused paper, we draw on qualitative, semistructured interviews with both male and female long-term exponents of various different martial arts disciplines in England, exploring experiences of intersex touch within training. Within a social-constructionist, feminist framework, we suggest that heteronormative, patriarchal and paternalistic gender structures can potentially be challenged through sustained mixed-sex practice. As such, this article contributes to work on transformative sporting bodies, martial arts and gender subversion.
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Sieben, Anna. "Gender in culture-inclusive psychologies: A situated and selective mapping of historical and contemporary territories." Culture & Psychology 22, no. 4 (November 22, 2016): 546–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354067x16650833.
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Culture-inclusive psychologies, despite large theoretical and methodological differences, agree on the importance of culture for shaping mental phenomena, human behavior, and actions. How do these psychologists address gender? It is very common in psychology to frame gender as innate and determined by a male–female schema of reproduction. Do culture-inclusive psychologies depart from this schema and look into ways in which gender-related phenomena are culturally shaped? This article overviews two types of psychological texts. First, it examines classic psychological texts belonging to four selected schools of thought: cultural-historical psychology (Leont’ev, Luria, Vygotsky), critical psychology (Holzkamp, Holzkamp-Osterkamp), social constructionism (Mary and Kenneth Gergen), and action-oriented cultural psychology (Boesch, Straub). Second, it compares articles published in the Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology and Culture & Psychology. This overview reveals that differences in conceptualizing gender are significant, covering a spectrum ranging from naturalistic to constructionist frameworks.
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Walsh, Reubs, and Gillian Einstein. "Transgender embodiment: a feminist, situated neuroscience perspective." Positive non-binary and / or genderqueer sexual ethics and politics, Special Issue 2020 (September 2, 2020): 56–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/insep.si2020.04.
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The policing of boundaries of acceptable sexual identities and behaviour is a recurring theme in numerous marginalities. Gender (especially womanhood) is often instantiated socially through the harms to which members of that gender are subjected. For transgender people, the assumption that genitals define gender translates the ubiquitous misapprehension that genitals and sex are binary into an assumption that gender must also be binary. This circumscribes the potentiality of cultural intelligibility for trans gender identities, and may interfere with the ability of transgender people to select the most appropriate medical and social means of expressing their authentic identities, even altering what is possible or appropriate, thereby curtailing trans people’s authenticity and freedom. We therefore distinguish social from bodily aspects of gender dysphoria, proposing a model of their distinct, intersecting origins. We explore ways in which transgender medicine reflects aspects of other gendered surgeries, proposing a biopsychosocial understanding of embodiment, including influences of culture on the neurological representation of the body in the somatosensory cortex. This framework proposes that cultural cissexism, causes trans people to experience (neuro)physiological damage, creating or exacerbating the need for medical transition within a framework of individual autonomy. Our social-constructionist feminist neuroscientific account of gendered embodiment highlights the medical necessity of bodily autonomy for trans people seeking surgery or other biomedical interventions, and the ethical burden therein.
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Rivera-Cuadrado, Wayne C. "Framing Sympathy-Worthiness: Informal Support and the Use of Disclosure Myths." Qualitative Health Research 31, no. 1 (November 4, 2020): 172–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732320968798.
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Research on sexual violence has shown that social support sources can have both positive and negative outcomes for victims’ health. Yet few studies examine how informal supporters construct meaning from initial disclosure experiences to produce these outcomes. Using a social constructionist framework, I analyze 30 in-depth interviews with friends, family members, and partners who received disclosures of sexual violence. I examine how confidants construct meaning from initial disclosures to negotiate and construct victims’ “sympathy-worthiness”. Disclosure recipients express several facilitators and obstacles to constructing victims as sympathetic that draw on notions about their social proximity to victims, expectations of assault based on gender and sexuality, disclosure temporality, trauma visibility, and victims’ post-disclosure “recovery-work.” I argue these positionings contribute to, and draw upon, “disclosure myths” that frame confidants’ differential interpretations of victims’ narratives, resulting in both the provision and denial of support.
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Chapple, Reshawna L. "Toward a Theory of Black Deaf Feminism: The Quiet Invisibility of a Population." Affilia 34, no. 2 (January 1, 2019): 186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109918818080.
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This article considers ways to enhance the conceptualization of Black deaf women’s lived experiences through an intersectional lens. An intersectional framework places emphasis on how social constructions of blackness, gender, and deafness shape the identity and experiences of Black deaf women. To outline the need for such a theory, this article first examines social constructions of Black deaf women in the intersections of race, gender, and deafness in comparison to current research. Second, I discuss the relevancy of social theories (i.e., critical race feminism, feminist disability theory, and theoretical approaches prominent in critical deaf studies) in providing a conceptual framework for an analysis of identity in relation to race, gender, and disability. Finally, I introduce the tenants of Black Deaf feminism and discuss the ways Black Deaf feminism enhances intersectionality by centering the lived experience from the standpoint of Black deaf women.
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Seers, Kate, and Rachel C. Hogg. "‘You don’t look autistic’: A qualitative exploration of women’s experiences of being the ‘autistic other’." Autism 25, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 1553–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361321993722.
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There is currently a paucity of literature exploring the experiences of women on the autism spectrum. It is imperative research is conducted to capture the experiences of women on the autism spectrum and ensure appropriate support is provided to this cohort. Drawing upon a social constructionist framework, this qualitative research study sought to understand how psychological and socio-cultural constructions of autism spectrum condition and gender influence the well-being of women on the autism spectrum. Eight participants engaged in a semi-structured interview, with thematic analysis conducted to demonstrate the impact of gender roles and social expectations on the women’s identity and autism spectrum condition expression. The research highlighted the changing understandings of autism spectrum condition across a woman’s lifespan and the process and impact of resisting hegemonic autism spectrum condition categorisation. The findings demonstrate that social constructions of gender and stereotypical understandings of autism spectrum condition, which prioritise a deficit, medical model, have significant consequences for women’s well-being and subjectivity. The women experienced challenging formative years, but with diagnosis and the evolution and acceptance of their identities, they were able to resist negative narratives of autism spectrum condition, embrace their strengths and develop adaptive coping strategies. It is hoped this article generates insights for societal and clinical recognition to better support women on the autism spectrum. Lay abstract Most autism spectrum condition research addresses the neurological and biological causes of autism spectrum condition, focusing upon deficits associated with autism spectrum condition and behavioural interventions designed to minimise these deficits. Little is known about the lived experiences of adult women on the autism spectrum and how they navigate social expectations around gender, autism spectrum condition and gendered understandings of autism spectrum condition. The lived experiences of eight women on the AS will be shared here, with attention to how gendered expectations influence women’s experiences of autism spectrum condition, their sense of self and well-being. Findings showed these women struggled to reconcile the expectations of others, particularly early in life. The women had difficultly conforming to stereotypical ideals of femininity, yet as they aged, they felt less need to conform, valuing their unique style and behaviours. The women also rejected deficit-oriented descriptions of autism spectrum condition generated by the medical community, preferring to focus on their strengths and unique characteristics. It is hoped this article helps psychologists and the wider community to understand and meet the needs of women on the AS.
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Claes, Jeroen. "A Cognitive Construction Grammar approach to the pluralization of presentational haber in Puerto Rican Spanish." Language Variation and Change 26, no. 2 (June 16, 2014): 219–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394514000052.
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AbstractIn this paper, I present an analysis of the pluralization of haber ‘there is/are’ in Puerto Rican Spanish (e.g., habían fiestas ‘there were parties’) as an ongoing language change from below in which the impersonal argument-structure construction (<AdvPhaberObj>) is being replaced by a personal variant (<AdvPhaberSubj>). Speakers pluralize presentational haber in about 41% of the cases, and linguistic conditioning factors are ‘typical action chain-position of the noun's referent,’ polarity of the clause, verb tense, comprehension-to-production priming, and production-to-production priming. I argue that the effect of these independent variables can be traced back to three cognitive factors: the preference for unmarked coding, statistical preemption, and structural priming. Social distributions can also be modeled in constructionist frameworks, with results for social class, formality, and gender advocating in favor of considering this variation as an ongoing change from below, which allows speakers to position themselves in terms of gender and social class.
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Zoon, Attia Anwer, and Nighat Ashfaq. "Negotiating Identity and Performing Leadership in Discourse A Gender-Based Study." NUST Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 8, no. 1 (July 4, 2022): 61–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.51732/njssh.v8i1.119.
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This research adopts a social constructionist perspective and a discourse approach to explore how men and women in leadership positions construct their identities and perform leadership within workplace talk. The key objectives of the study are to analyze uniformity and variation in the discourse features and interactional styles, the role of norms and stereotypes in determining the linguistic choices available to male and female leaders, and the implications of uniformity and variation in their language use. The theoretical framework of this study draws on Judith Butler’s Performativity theory (1990) along with West and Zimmerman’s concept of ‘Doing gender’ (1987). The data for this research is collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted with males and females holding leadership positions in the selected research sites. The data analysis reveals that both male and female leaders use a variety of discourse features and employ language as an effective tool to negotiate identity and perform leadership roles within their workplace settings. The analysis highlights that both male and female leaders at times reinforce the normative patterns of interactional style for doing leadership by using discourse features normatively associated with their gender. The analysis also highlights that male and female leaders also contest and redefine the normative associations of discourse features and perform leadership by employing features of discourse that are stereotypically not associated with their gender.
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Crann, Sara E., Amanda Jenkins, Deborah M. Money, and Kieran C. O’Doherty. "Women’s genital body work: Health, hygiene and beauty practices in the production of idealized female genitalia." Feminism & Psychology 27, no. 4 (June 8, 2017): 510–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959353517711964.
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Women’s genitalia are constructed as a bodily site requiring ongoing surveillance, maintenance and modification to conform to social norms. Women engage in a range of genital health, hygiene and beauty practices, including the use of commercial and homemade vaginal douches, washes, wipes, sprays and pubic hair removal, to modify their bodies. Using a social constructionist framework, we draw on interviews with 49 Canadian women to examine the construction of idealized (Western) genitalia as hairless, odourless and free of discharge, and “natural” female genitalia as problematic through the mobilization of normative femininity and (hetero)sexuality discourses. Theorizing women’s genital health, hygiene and beauty practices as a form of body work, we examine how women’s genital body work is constructed as a necessary and thus normative practice of femininity undertaken in the pursuit of idealized genitalia. A minority perspective that drew on alternative discourses to construct female genitalia as acceptable irrespective of genital body work is examined. Throughout our analysis, we examine the ways in which women negotiate issues of agency and choice in relation to their genital body work. Implications for women’s health in the context of the vaginal microbiome are explored.
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Kwon, Jae-Yung, John L. Oliffe, Joan L. Bottorff, and Mary T. Kelly. "Masculinity and Fatherhood." American Journal of Men's Health 9, no. 4 (August 8, 2014): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988314545627.
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Health promotion initiatives to reduce smoking among parents have focused almost exclusively on women to support their cessation during pregnancy and postpartum, while overlooking the importance of fathers’ smoking cessation. This study was a secondary analysis of in-depth interviews with 20 new and expectant fathers to identify how they perceived their female partners’ efforts to assist them to reduce or quit smoking. Social constructionist gender frameworks were used to theorize and develop the findings. Three key themes were identified: support and autonomy in men’s smoking cessation, perception of challenging men’s freedom to smoke, and contempt for men’s continued smoking. The findings suggest that shifts in masculinities as men take up fathering should be considered in designing smoking cessation interventions for fathers.
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Peake, Linda. "‘Race’ and Sexuality: Challenging the Patriarchal Structuring of Urban Social Space." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 11, no. 4 (August 1993): 415–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d110415.
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The topic of patriarchy has received little direct attention by geographers but it is addressed in this paper as a central tenet of the structuring of urban social space. Drawing on an outline of the various ways in which the city has been treated as a site embodying patriarchal principles, the author teases out the heterosexist and white cultural constructions that permeate our treatment of patriarchy, A call is made for explicit attention to be paid to constructions of sexuality and “race”. The contributions to these topics by lesbian feminists and black and African-American feminists are drawn into a framework for a reinvigorated conceptualization of patriarchy. Two aspects of empirical work carried out in Grand Rapids, MI, in 1989 are analyzed in relation to this framework, namely living arrangements among low-income Anglo-American and African-American women and the creation of a lesbian residential area. The paper concludes with an assessment of the extent to which our constructions of “race”, gender, and sexuality help us understand whether empirical changes in the social and spatial constitution of households are challenging the patriarchal structuring of urban social space.
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Vázquez García, Rafael. "Making Sense of it: Why Democracy (and Feminism) Needs to Go Beyond Binary Citizenship." Age of Human Rights Journal, no. 18 (June 23, 2022): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17561/tahrj.v18.7042.
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This text assumes and departs from three basic premises: 1) identities are not born but constructed through repeated performative actions that are in turn informed by existing social constructions of gender; 2) analysing and understanding the ways in which gender is shared and historically constructed can lead to a construction of gender that goes beyond the binary system on which heteronormativity depends; 3) feminism is inherently democratic and entails the consolidation of the very conception of democracy. If feminism wants to remain so, it concludes, it cannot but embrace the theoretical framework and action of non-binary citizenship conceived by Queer Theory.
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Jan, Akbar, and Mujib Rahman. "Linguistic representation of gender from essentialist to poststructuralist perspective in the Cholistan trilogy: a feminist critical discourse analysis." Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS) 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.33.
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The identities of gender normative get deconstructed and reconstructed with alternate possibilities of self-constitution. This phenomenon is rendered more complex with its intersection with other factors of identities like race/ethnicity, social class, geography etc. The linguistic representation of these complex variegated aspects of gender from its essentialist to poststructuralist perspectives was analysed in Staples’s Cholistan trilogy which consists of three novels Shabanu (1989), Haveli (1993) and The House of Djinn (2008). An eclectic approach of a theoretical framework consisting of Lazar’s (2005; 2007; 2014) Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis (FCDA), Butler’s (1990) gender performativity and Foucault’s (1980) subjectivity theory was adopted. Halliday’s (1985) approach to transitivity analysis was used for analysing the transitivity processes in the performances of gendered subjects described in the verbal phrases of the clauses in the text. Various kinds of constructions of gender identities were revealed in the study like biological determination of gender, the social construction of gender, the configuration of gender, gender stereotypes, deconstruction of gender normativity and reconstruction of gender identities with possible alternate performances. The study recommends the textual representation of gender in a way that help deconstructs gender normative and reconstruct gender identity with alternate possibilities.
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Pankratov, Sergey, Liliia Pankratova, and Olga Fokina. "“The Soft Power” of European Universities: Gender and Sexuality Policies." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 2 (June 2020): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2020.2.15.
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Introduction. The article is devoted to the problematization and conceptualization of influence, as well as the potential for participation of higher education institutions, as educational and scientific centers, in the formation and implementation of gender and sexual policies in modern European countries, which are widely debated and ambiguously perceived in society. Methods. The article conceptualizes the concepts of gender and sexual policy in two senses: as a sphere of the struggle for power, as well as a system of technologies and actions in solving socially important problems. As a theoretical and methodological framework, the principles of social constructionism are used in interpreting the content, meaning and research of technologies for the formation of public representations and culture on issues of intimate and inter-sexual relations. Based on the use of general scientific methods and the heuristic potential of the Overton window concept, a scheme is proposed for explaining and studying the participation of universities in the “promotion” of relevant policies and politics. Results. The heuristic potential of the concept of “Overton’s Window” to the political science problematization, interpretation and explanation of the “soft power” potential of modern universities in shaping, discussing the social and political agenda on sexual and gender culture in Europe is revealed. It is shown that sexual and gender policies in society can be aimed at changing the values, perceptions and norms of the organization of interactions in the relevant areas of life, both at the level of individual practices and social institutions. Social and communicative technologies (informed discussion, events, creation of terms, name-calling) that are (un)intentionally used in the framework of higher education institutions to normalize and politicize ideas, perceptions and values regarding gender issues, the organization of sexual life can be interpreted as important tools for transforming unthinkable practices and beliefs into the category of not only acceptable, eligible on the existence of a pluralism of views, but also dominant in political discourse. Discussion. The issue of the ethical principles of the implementation of the “soft power” strategy by European universities, as well as the political and social sense and consequences of radical transformations in gender and sexual culture and the structure of society, present in the discourses of European academic science and education, remains open and poorly studied.
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Leotti, Sandra M. "Social Work With Criminalized Women: Governance or Resistance in the Carceral State?" Affilia 36, no. 3 (May 6, 2021): 302–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08861099211014773.
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Drawing on findings from a Foucauldian-inspired critical discourse analysis, this article examines the hegemonic ways in which social work engages with criminalized women. Utilizing the analytic of governmentality, I explore the construction of criminalized women in contemporary social work discourse and ask how those constructions support and shape practice with criminalized women. Results show that knowledge production in social work serves as a significant site through which the profession draws on, but also resists, carceral logics. I begin by discussing contemporary social work as a form of neoliberal governance. Specifically, I illuminate the ways in which social work is implicated in surveillance and control and how this involvement is obscured under the framework of helping. I then describe how bold counter discourses, such as those offered by abolitionist and anti-carceral thought foster spaces of resistance within the profession. I argue that social work should claim a stance of radical imagination in which we take seriously the calls to abolish the varying manifestations of the carceral state.
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Deagan, Kathleen. "Reconsidering Taíno Social Dynamics after Spanish Conquest: Gender and Class in Culture Contact Studies." American Antiquity 69, no. 4 (October 2004): 597–626. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4128440.
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Despite the fact that the Taíno people of the Caribbean were the first Native Americans to encounter and coexist with Europeans after 1492, there has been almost no archaeology of Taíno response to that encounter. This study explores the reasons for (and consequences of) this neglect, and their larger implications for American contact-period archaeology. It also challenges prevailing historical models of Taíno social disintegration, drawing upon six years of archaeological work at the En Bas Saline site in Haiti, the only extensively excavated Taíno townsite occupied both before and after contact. Our results, organized by a household-scale analytical framework emphasizing Taíno constructions of gender and class, suggest that there were few major alterations to traditional Taíno social practice during the post-contact period, and most of these were related to activities thought to have been the domain of non-elite Taíno men. It is suggested that the relatively nonspecialized gender roles among the Taíno, as well as the clearly differentiated nature of their social classes, may have served as mitigating factors in the disruption of Taíno cultural practice under Spanish domination. This work also reveals a marked Taíno resistance to the incorporation of European cultural elements, which provides a striking contrast to the Spanish patterns documented in contact-era European towns, and underscores the critical importance of incorporating gender relations into studies of culture contact.
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Anugrah, Dadang, Andi Vika Faradiba Muin, Irlan Irlan, Muhammad Agung Tomasina, Nurul Azila, Nurhady Sirimorok, Novaty Eny Dungga, and Syamsu Alam. "Injustice against Women in a Social Forestry Program: Case Studies from Two Indonesian Villages." Forest and Society 6, no. 2 (November 3, 2022): 723–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/fs.v6i2.20006.
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Social forestry programs, aimed to reduce poverty in forest communities while maintaining the forest function, are increasingly incorporating gender issues and responsiveness. By design, social forestry program is supposed to promote justice and equality for forest users, but on the ground discriminatory practices against women are occurring. Drawing case study from two Indonesian villages, this study examined the extent of discrimination against women in the implementation of the state social forestry programs. In-depth interviews, observations, and focused group discussions were conducted to collect the data from the villages to analyze the extent of discriminatory practices by using a social justice framework with a three-dimensional approach, namely recognition, representation, and participation, as well as distribution. This study found that women were not recognized as the primary users of forest land (not considered as farmers), low representation and participation of women in the Social Forestry Groups, and unequal distribution of benefits between women and men in obtaining assistance and participation in training for capacity building. Furthermore, gender based discrimination and inequality in social forestry are influenced by local social constructions in the form of patriarchal culture and religious belief. Finally, discrimination against women can take place even in state programs designed to bring justice in the context of joint forestry management, and the formal programs with a degree of gender responsive elements can be succumbed to biased local informal institutions and beliefs.
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TUNALEY, JILLIAN R., SUSAN WALSH, and PAULA NICOLSON. "‘I'm not bad for my age’: the meaning of body size and eating in the lives of older women." Ageing and Society 19, no. 6 (November 1999): 741–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x99007515.
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Empirical research on women's feelings about their body size has traditionally focused on adolescents and young adults and has been carried out within the framework of experimental social psychology. This article examines the subjective meanings of body size for a sample of 12 women aged between 63 and 75 years via an analysis of in-depth interview data. The findings suggest that body size has a complexity of contradictory meanings for older women, which are shaped in relation to social discourses surrounding beauty ideals, gender identity and constructions of age and ageing. Many of the older women were dissatisfied with their body size, highlighting the cross-generational influence of a ‘thin ideal’ of size. At the same time, however, the women adopted a laissez-faire attitude towards body size and eating, rejecting the pressures surrounding size and food. This attitude was related to the women's constructions of this stage of their lives as a time of freedom, their awareness of personal mortality, and their beliefs about the inevitability of weight-gain as they grew older. The findings are discussed in relation to feminist approaches to body size and gerontological research on age/gender stereotypes.
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Santos, Madalena. "Relations of ruling in the colonial present: An intersectional view of the Israeli imaginary." Canadian Journal of Sociology 38, no. 4 (February 20, 2013): 509–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjs17940.
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This article presents a categorical framework for the interrogation of power relations in the study and analysis of Israeli colonialism in Palestine. Following critical anti-racist feminist approaches, I highlight the relationality between race, class, and gender constructions that are crucial to colonial rule. Extending Chandra Mohanty’s (1991) reading of Dorothy Smith’s “relations of ruling”, I outline six intersecting categories of colonial practices to examine Israel’s particular colonization forms and processes. These categories include: racial separation; citizenship and naturalization forms and processes; construction and consolidation of existing social inequalities; gender, sexuality, and sexual violence, racialized and gendered prisoners; and “unmarked” versus “marked” discourses. Understanding colonial experiences as heterogeneous and plural, I conclude by arguing for the furthering of decolonial and anti-racist feminist analyses from within specific sites of resistance.
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Shen-Miller, David S., Deborah Olson, and Timothy Boling. "Masculinity in Nontraditional Occupations: Ecological Constructions." American Journal of Men's Health 5, no. 1 (December 27, 2009): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988309358443.
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The authors present Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model as a conceptual framework to explore interlocking systemic and interpersonal influences on the development and perpetuation of men’s gender role—related distress. To demonstrate the utility of this model, the authors present results from an exploratory qualitative study of men in nontraditional occupations. Using the constant comparison method, the authors’ analysis of multiple interviews with elementary educators and medical support staff unearthed interwoven themes among the effects of cultural notions of masculinity on relationships, job tasks, and perceptions of themselves as men. Expectations about men (e.g., that men confront danger, remain calm in chaotic situations, and/or are predators) affected hiring decisions and interactions with colleagues, limited the scope of the men’s work, and provided opportunities to reinforce traditional notions of masculinity and affirm the value of masculinity in their occupations. These different experiences all interacted to inform participants’ senses of themselves as men.
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Suenens, Kristien. "Franciscan Women Religious in Nineteenth-Century Belgium : Gender, Identity and Material Recovery." Trajecta. Religion, Culture and Society in the Low Countries 29, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 111–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tra2020.2.001.suen.
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Abstract This article examines the revival of female Franciscan religious communities in the nineteenth-century as a platform for analyzing the mechanisms and networks behind the restoration and renewal of female convent life in Belgium. The analysis is conducted from a threefold perspective: the specific role of male and female protagonists, the struggle with old and new identities, and the material backgrounds of the revival. The diverse landscape of old and new, contemplative and apostolic, and urban and rural Franciscan convents and congregations offers an interesting platform for research. The interaction between secular clergy, lay and religious women and the male Friars Minor is examined within the context of changing political regimes, social changes, religious revival and diocesan centralization. Mechanisms of material recovery and the (re-)constructions of gendered, canonical and religious identities are used as a framework for evaluating the importance of old and new models and examining to what extent this nineteenth-century history was a genuine Franciscan revival.
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Mayoyo, Edna Magoma, Josephine Khaemba, and Fred Wanjala Simiyu. "A Critical Discourse Analysis of Linguistic and Discursive Strategies Used in Kenya’s Citizen Television Advertisements to Display Gender Ideologies." East African Journal of Arts and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (October 14, 2020): 154–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajass.2.1.223.
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The present study sought to examine how linguistic devices and discursive strategies used in Kenya’s Citizen TV ads which pattern men and women differently according to gender well-being. This thereby results in unconscious rationalisations of social constructions. Using observation as the main tool of data collection, a corpus of fourteen adverts sourced from one mainstream media station, Citizen TV were purposively sampled, observed by the researcher, transcribed into data, coded, then thematically analysed using techniques of content analysis. Guided by Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis theory which provided the framework for analysis, the study adopted a qualitative, case study research design. The research design provided in-depth information about the phenomenon in order to establish the discursive and linguistic strategies used in the TV ads and how they mirror society’s system of values, attitudes and beliefs about men and women. The findings of this study indicated that gender ideologies that affect how meaning is made out of Kenyan TV ads were embedded in linguistic structures, social processes and manoeuvres.
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Zeedyk, Suzanne. "The Science of Rape: (Mis)Constructions of Women's Trauma in Evolutionary Theory." Feminist Review 86, no. 1 (July 2007): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fr.9400353.
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The social sciences are witnessing renewed enthusiasm for sociobiological accounts of human behaviour. Feminist theory has, understandably, tended to engage cautiously with biological reasoning, because women have often been poorly served by the politics of such research. It is important, though, that feminists continue to contribute to this literature, in order to challenge problematic discourses that may emerge. The present paper seeks to analyse a domain of sociobiology that has been the focus of recent controversy: an evolutionary explanation of rape. Particular attention is given to the way in which women's traumatic experience of rape is constructed within this framework. It is argued that women's psychological pain is contorted, via the strategies of (a) diminishing women's pain and (b) ignoring their experience altogether. The operation of these two strategies is illuminated, and their practical consequences in the domains of legal reform and the depoliticization of science are evaluated.
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Norocel, Ov Cristian, Tuija Saresma, Tuuli Lähdesmäki, and Maria Ruotsalainen. "Discursive Constructions of White Nordic Masculinities in Right-wing Populist Media." Men and Masculinities 23, no. 3-4 (June 4, 2018): 425–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x18780459.
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Using superordinate intersectionality as a theoretical framework, this article explores notions of men and masculinities within right wing populism. It is attentive to how the right-wing populist media in Finland and Sweden construct white Nordic masculinities through discursive interactions across several axes of difference: gender (masculinities); sexuality (heterosexuality); social class (elites); and race (whitenesses). Employing Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as methodological approach, we show how the discursive constructions of white Nordic masculinities are context contingent, rendering them subject to constant reinterpretation and repositioning, at times privileging some axes of social structuring over others. By drawing out the subtle similarities and discrete differences embedded in the discursive constructions of right-wing populist media, our approach gives a more fine-grained understanding of the nuance to men and masculinities in the study of right wing populism. By focusing on the European Nordic semi-periphery, our comparative analysis makes an original contribution, not only to the masculinities literature in general, but also to the growing scholarship concerned with the `crisis of masculinity' in the wider context of neoliberal globalizing tendencies.
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Christie, Christine. "The indexical scope of adios: a relevance theoretic analysis of discursive constructions of gender and institutions and their impact on utterance interpretation." Journal of Politeness Research 14, no. 1 (February 23, 2018): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pr-2017-0050.
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Abstract The aim of this special issue of the Journal of Politeness Research is to show what happens when different analytical frameworks are be applied to a single piece of data: a short YouTube clip of a hearing in a USA courtroom. My specific aim in this paper is to show what an indexical analysis of (im)politeness phenomena, that is informed by a relevance-theoretic approach to communication, can bring to light about a short exchange between the judge and the defendant, that would not be evident to most viewers of this clip, and which also would not come to light through the application of the other methodologies demonstrated in this issue. Overall, I show that an analytical framework that takes a pragmatically informed indexical approach to (im)politeness phenomena, would predict and can explain variation between interpretations of an utterance as well as similarities in interpretation. It can therefore be used to address a problem that has always been present in (im)politeness analyses: how to identify and account for the social meanings generated by the use of a linguistic form in context.
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Holmes, Su. "The role of sociocultural perspectives in eating disorder treatment: A study of health professionals." Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine 22, no. 6 (June 24, 2017): 541–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363459317715778.
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Eating disorders are now often approached as biopsychosocial problems, because they are widely recognised as multifactorial in origin. However, it has been suggested that there is a substantial and unwarranted imbalance within this biopsychosocial framework, with the ‘social’ aspects of the equation relegated to secondary or facilitating factors within treatment contexts. Drawing on data from 12 qualitative interviews with health professionals in a UK region, this article examines the extent to which sociocultural perspectives on eating disorders are valued and explored in eating disorder treatment, with a particular focus on the relationship between eating disorders and gender. As girls/women are widely acknowledged to be disproportionately affected by eating problems, the article draws on feminist perspectives on eating disorders to explore whether the relationships between cultural constructions of femininity and experiences of body/eating distress are actively addressed within treatment. The study reveals high levels of inconsistency in this regard, as while some participants see such issues as central to treatment, others have ‘never really considered’ them before. In addition, the study examines the potential limitations of how such sociocultural issues are conceptualised and addressed, as well as why they might be marginalised in the current climate of evidence-based eating disorder treatment. The article then considers the implications of the findings for thinking about feminist perspectives on eating disorders – and the significance of gender in treatment – at the level of both research and practice.
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Lindqvist, Siri, and Charlotta Carlström. "Girlfags and guydykes: “Too queer for straights and too straight for queers”." Journal of Positive Sexuality 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.51681/1.621.
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The aim of the article is to highlight the experiences of those who call themselves “girlfags” and “guydykes” and to interpret the identity labels associated with these terms. Online, the communities that refer to themselves by these terms all define the labels and what they signify in terms of identity differently. These include descriptions of people who consider themselves gay but “in the wrong body”, for example, when a woman is sexually oriented toward gay men or when a man is sexually oriented toward lesbian women, most often with a gender or queer element to the definitions. Little to no previous research can be found on these identities, and what is known is mainly found on internet blogs and forums. The participants were sought through a Facebook forum, resulting in a total of 11 interviews with two guydykes and nine girlfags. The results were analyzed within the framework of social constructionism and applied with Butler’s (1990) concept of the heterosexual matrix and van Anders’ (2015) Sexual Configurations Theory (SCT), involving concepts of gender/sex sexuality, nurturance, and eroticism. The results show that those who identify as girlfags and guydykes are proud of their identity, but the complexity of the identity nevertheless affects many aspects of their lives. The respondents reveal how the labels involve one’s sense of self and gender identity. In addition, they touch upon transgender issues, sexual identity, sexual orientation, and other relational aspects. These identities break gender norms, sexual practices, and even sexual orientations within the LGBT context. The results indicate the need for further research on transgender issues; in particular, the relational and social aspects of the girlfag and guydyke identities.
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Mavin, Sharon Anne, Carole Elliott, Valerie Stead, and Jannine Williams. "Women managers, leaders and the media gaze." Gender in Management: An International Journal 31, no. 5/6 (July 4, 2016): 314–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-05-2016-0105.
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Purpose The purpose of this special issue is to extend the Economic and Social Sciences Research Council (ESRC)-funded UK seminar series–Challenging Gendered Media (Mis)Representations of Women Professionals and Leaders; and to highlight research into the gendered media constructions of women managers and leaders and outline effective methods and methodologies into diverse media. Design/methodology/approach Gendered analysis of television, autobiographies (of Sheryl Sandberg, Karren Brady, Hillary Clinton and Julia Gillard), broadcast news media and media press through critical discourse analysis, thematic analysis, metaphor and computer-aided text analysis software following the format of the Gender Media Monitoring Project (2015) and [critical] ecological framework for advancing social change. Findings The papers surface the gendered nature of media constructions of women managers and leaders and offer methods and methodologies for others to follow to interrogate gendered media. Further, the papers discuss – how women’s leadership is glamourized, fetishized and sexualized; the embodiment of leadership for women; how popular culture can subvert the dominant gaze; how women use agency and how powerful gendered norms shape perceptions, discourses and norms and how these are resisted, repudiated and represented. Practical implications The papers focus upon how the media constructs women managers and leaders and offer implications of how media influences and is influenced by practice. There are recommendations provided as to how the media could itself be organized differently to reflect diverse audiences, and what can be done to challenge gendered media. Social implications Challenging gendered media representations of women managers and leaders is critical to social justice and equality for women in management and leadership. Originality/value This is an invited Special Issue comprising inaugural collection of research through which we get to “see” women and leaders and the gendered media gaze and to learn from research into popular culture through analysis of television, autobiographies and media press.
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Hernández-Saca, David I., Laurie Gutmann Kahn, and Mercedes A. Cannon. "Intersectionality Dis/ability Research: How Dis/ability Research in Education Engages Intersectionality to Uncover the Multidimensional Construction of Dis/abled Experiences." Review of Research in Education 42, no. 1 (March 2018): 286–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0091732x18762439.
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The purpose of this chapter is to systematically review the research within the field of education that explicitly examined how various social constructions of identity intersect with dis/ability to qualitatively affect young adults’ experiences by asking the following question: What are the key findings in education research focusing on youth and young adults with disabilities who are multiply situated in terms of race, gender, social class, sexual orientation, or other social markers? Our conceptual framework included a sociohistorical approach that culled from intersectionality and disability studies in education that centered on the intersectional lived experiences of youth within K–16 educational contexts. In our research, we found 10 qualifying studies that illuminated how youth create meaning along the lines of their disabilities and their intersections, and we summarized these within the following three themes: (a) navigate intersectional disability discourses, (b) present their dis/ability oppression as intersectional, and (c) engage in their identity meaning making as a form of intersectional discourse. We conclude by situating these findings within the larger body of intersectionality disability studies in education research and provide future implications. “Ain’t nobody gonna get me down!” —Kiesha (Petersen, 2009, p. 434)
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Hidayah, Ahmad, Yeni Marcelawati, and Hanafi Saputra. "Cyber Harassment: Fenomena Hate Comment Di Era Pandemi Covid-19 Pada Akun Tik-Tok @Y***Q." Jurnal Masyarakat Maritim 5, no. 1 (July 31, 2021): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31629/jmm.v5i1.3419.
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The era of the covid-19 pandemic, the popularity of social media shows an increasingly significant trend, especially in Indonesia. This fact is directly proportional to the emergence of various kinds of social media that offer various interesting features, one of which is the Tik-Tok application. Along with its development, many internet citizens (netizens) have used the comment feature on the content presented in the Tik-Tok application. However, this feature is used as a vehicle for self-existence through comments that are vulnerable to being included in the cyber-harassment category. This article tries to elaborate on the case of cyber harassment in the Tik Tok application in the form of hate comments on the @y***q account that occurred during the covid-19 pandemic era. Based on the theoretical framework of Social Identity, it can be explained how the phenomenon of cyber harassment is present as a consequence of technological developments which ultimately leads to Kekerasan Berbasis Gender Online (KBGO). Tik-Tok as social media is not friendly in presenting a gendered space that is used by women to express themselves through video content wrapped in the existence of self-identity, opposing discrimination, and denying the perpetuation of the definition of beautiful women based on other people's constructions (netizens).
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Sattar, Gulnaz, Aqsa Kiran Safeer, Muhammad Imran Pasha, Kanwar Muhammad Yasir Furqan, and Neelma Riaz. "STEREOTYPICAL IDEOLOGIES TOWARDS WOMEN: FEMINIST POSTSTRUCTURALIST DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF MALALA YOUSAFZAI’S POLITICAL SPEECHES." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 9, no. 3 (June 25, 2021): 1245–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.93123.
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Purpose of the study: The study investigates how the speech of Malala Yousafzai to the United Nations and Nobel Lecture intends to be coercive through generalizing the experiential realities of women across the world and how it tends to legitimize and delegitimize certain beliefs about women in Pakistan. This paper attempts to demonstrate how Feminist Poststructuralist Discourse Analysis tends to subvert the stereotypical ideologies towards women across the world through the deconstruction of political media discourses.
Methodology: The study tends to focus upon context-specific gender issues where power is constructed as a flowing entity in order to dismantle the binaristic constructions of powerful/powerless and also in order to reinterpret the stereotypical subject positions assigned to women in media discourses. A qualitative research paradigm has been used.
Main Findings: This study shows the way in which Malala Yousafzai's speeches privilege one voice in favor of another voice is questionable, as the present research inquiry tends to deconstruct the epistemology of fixed gender symmetries in media studies. This study is finally able to reveal the ideology in Malala Yousafzai’s speeches and present the linguistic features that construct the ideology.
Applications of this study: The present study can be applied in gender studies to study political ideologies. It is concluded that the ideology of Malala Yousafzai’s speeches is women empowerment. There is a protest and willingness to carry off girls ‘education and women’s rights. It is also shown through her persuasive ways to encourage the girls and women to recognize their abilities. She initiates changes in girl’s education and women’s rights.
Novelty/Originality: This study is unique in the way that it interprets Malala's speeches under the framework of Feminist Post-Structuralist Discourse Analysis. It deconstructs the meanings and reveals the power dynamics through language.
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Small, Jamie L. "Constructing Sexual Harm: Prosecutorial Narratives of Children, Abuse, and the Disruption of Heterosexuality." Gender & Society 33, no. 4 (May 16, 2019): 560–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891243219846598.
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Sociologists have identified many factors that mitigate the progressive effects of the legal mobilization to end sexual violence. Within this body of research, however, there is little interrogation about the social construction of sexual harm. I use the case of child sexual abuse to investigate how prosecutors make sense of sexual harm. Data are qualitative interviews with 43 prosecutors. Findings reveal that prosecutors use a framework of sexual identity to construct sexual injury on the child’s body. The perceived harm centers on the anticipated loss of the child’s heterosexual potential. Girl victims are thought to grow into sexual promiscuity, and boy victims are thought to grow into sex offenders. Prosecutorial constructions of child sexual abuse cases are future-oriented, which increases their urgency, and these constructions also imagine the child as a person in formation, rather than a fully actualized person with intrinsic rights. In revealing how the state of sexual victimization is not only deeply gendered but also heteronormative, this research has theoretical implications for childhood studies, queer studies, and anti-violence advocacy.
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Wylie, Alison. "Social Constructionist Arguments in Harding'sScience and Social Inequality." Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy 23, no. 4 (October 2008): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/hyp.2008.23.4.201.
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Wylie, Alison. "Social Constructionist Arguments in Harding'sScience and Social Inequality." Hypatia 23, no. 4 (December 2008): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2008.tb01441.x.
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Harding's aim in Science and Social Inequality is to integrate the insights generated by diverse critiques of conventional ideals of truth, value freedom, and unity in science, and to chart a way forward for the sciences and for science studies. Wylie assesses this synthesis as a genre of social constructionist argument and illustrates its implications for questions of epistemic warrant with reference to transformative research on gender-based discrimination in the workplace environment.
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Parton, Chloe, Terri Katz, and Jane M. Ussher. "‘Normal’ and ‘failing’ mothers: Women’s constructions of maternal subjectivity while living with multiple sclerosis." Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine 23, no. 5 (November 2017): 516–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363459317739442.
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Multiple sclerosis causes physical and cognitive impairment that can impact women’s experiences of motherhood. This study examined how women construct their maternal subjectivities, or sense of self as a mother, drawing on a framework of biographical disruption. A total of 20 mothers with a multiple sclerosis diagnosis took part in semi-structured interviews. Transcripts were analysed using thematic decomposition to identify subject positions that women adopted in relation to cultural discourses of gender, motherhood and illness. Three main subject positions were identified: ‘The Failing Mother’, ‘Fear of Judgement and Burdening Others’ and ‘The Normal Mother’. Women’s sense of self as the ‘Failing Mother’ was attributed to the impact of multiple sclerosis, contributing to biographical disruption and reinforced through ‘Fear of Judgement and Burdening Others’ within social interactions. In accounts of the ‘Normal Mother’, maternal subjectivity was renegotiated by adopting strategies to manage the limitations of multiple sclerosis on mothering practice. This allowed women to self-position as ‘good’ mothers. Health professionals can assist women by acknowledging the embodied impact of multiple sclerosis on maternal subjectivities, coping strategies that women employ to address potential biographical disruption, and the cultural context of mothering, which contributes to women’s experience of subjectivity and well-being when living with multiple sclerosis.
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Durrheim, Kevin. "Social Constructionism, Discourse, and Psychology." South African Journal of Psychology 27, no. 3 (September 1997): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124639702700308.
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This paper serves as an introduction to social constructionist approaches to psychology. It outlines the arguments which have prompted a shift away from empiricism in the social sciences. Harré's (1992) distinction between behaviourism and the first and second cognitive revolution is used to provide a broad historical framework to develop contrasts between mainstream empiricist psychology and constructionist approaches. The central claim is that theories of meaning are embodied in theories of science, and that we need a new (constructionist) theory of science to underpin a psychology which takes the meaningful nature of human activity as its object of study. Finally, the paper introduces discourse analysis as a methodology which can sustain a constructionist, post-empiricist analysis.
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Bouchet, Patrick, Philippe Castel, and Marie-Francoise Lacassagne. "Comment analyser les relations déviantes potentiellement violentes ou discriminatoires dans le spectacle sportif au stade?" Sport Science Review 20, no. 1-2 (April 1, 2011): 137–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10237-011-0051-6.
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Comment analyser les relations déviantes potentiellement violentes ou discriminatoires dans le spectacle sportif au stade? Since ten years, we are witnessing a globalization and diversification of the sport event consumption as well as stadiums dedicated to their event or retransmission. Social contexts associated with this consumption have also become places of constructions and expressions of identity that arise from belonging to groups more or less organized. Although, this situation is not unique, it seems to have assumed considerable proportions in some European countries and in some sports with the emergence of violence (symbolic, verbal, physical) and discrimination (area, race, gender). However, these emergence of deviance seem linked to fans called "traditional" (mainly football) and viewers of a new genre that does not necessarily move to the stadium to support and encourage a team. Faced with these changing phenomena of deviance, based on the work on hooliganism, we wish to propose an innovative framework to study relationships between groups of spectators who travel to these stadiums and can potentially lead to reactions violent or discriminatory. Deriving the communication situation model of Brown and Fraser (1979), this framework allows the study of deviant behaviors, so viewers who sign in a scene that has its frame: "the available spaces in stands", his time "playing time", its observers: "the media and security forces", its goals: "to entertain or support a team or an athlete" and its participants: "individuals or groups interact". This framework can also consider options for a more ethical and responsible consumption of sports entertainment.
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Mease, Jennifer J., and Brittany L. Collins. "Asset, liability, possibility." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 37, no. 7 (September 18, 2018): 664–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-05-2017-0114.
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Purpose This analysis draws on interviews with 19 self-identified US diversity consultants and 94 diversity statements posted on corporate websites. The findings challenge existing literature that characterizes the business case for diversity as monolithic and wholly problematic for the way it constructs understandings of human difference. The authors accomplish this using metaphor analysis to demonstrate how business case arguments incorporate three metaphorical systems for thinking and speaking about human differences – as asset, as liability and as possibility. Given this diversity of metaphors, the business case does not construct human difference in a monolithic way, but in a variety of ways that both challenge and sustain problematic treatments of difference. The authors argue scholars and practitioners should attend to these nuanced difference within the discourse of the business case, and more carefully consider how these metaphorical systems both enable and constrain the design and execution of diversity work in organizations. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The analysis draws on two data sets: initial interviews with 19 self-identified US diversity consultants analyzed using metaphor analysis. To triangulate findings, the metaphorical framework was applied to 94 diversity statements posted on corporate websites. Findings Business case arguments operate according to three root metaphors of human difference: human difference as asset, human difference as liability and human difference as possibility. This challenges existing literature that treats the business case as a monolithic discourse. Research limitations/implications This analysis offers the three metaphorical system and highlights the “constrained capacity” of each. This framework offers an analytical and practical tool for scholars and practitioners, enabling them to more thoroughly understand and respond to their unique organizational and socio-historical context. It also provides a way to analyze how concepts of difference are mobilized across social and historical contexts. Practical implications The findings offer the “constrained capacity” that is, the strategic limitations and possibilities for practitioners who use the business case in their diversity work. This enables more skilled and ethically informed diversity initiatives. Social implications The findings offer insight into the subtle ways that hierarchies of human difference embedded in US history are subtly reinforced and made present through language. This enables social justice workers to better challenge problematic constructions of human difference and create new understandings when needed. Originality/value This piece makes two significant original contributions to existing literature. It offers more nuance to both critical and uncritical analyses of the business case by showing the diversity of business case assumptions about human difference as demonstrated in three different metaphorical systems and highlighting the constrained capacity of three different metaphorical systems. It offers unique analysis grounded in contemporary discourses, but correlated to historical systems of thought. This enables empirical identification of how certain types of thinking about human difference move across socio-historical contexts.
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LaFrance, Marianne. "A Social Constructionist Diet." Psychology of Women Quarterly 22, no. 3 (September 1998): 515–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036168439802200301.
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Carlson, Marie. ""Invandrarkvinna", "svensk" och "jämställd"." Tidskrift för genusvetenskap 38, no. 3 (June 9, 2022): 53–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.55870/tgv.v38i3.2914.
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This article examines categorical complexity in terms of “immigrant woman”, ”Swedishness” and “gender equality” in relation to education, politics and work. The specific Swedish approach to gender equality has become an important marker, a national self-image and a certain “success story”, where binary classifications function as demarcations between “Swedes” and “the Other”. This article discusses distinctions, positionings and categorisations, which are repeatedly expressed in relation to education and work, not least in terms of the language course “Swedish for immigrants” (SFI) and its social orientation. The empirical data consists of policy and steering documents, textbooks, interviews and debates in various contexts such as in media and in Parliament. The main theoretical framework is critical discourse analysis. A deconstruction of ideas and identifying discourses related to the category “immigrant woman” is conducted together with a focus on the concept of “immigrant” – a category that tends to be unisexual. The analysis shows how gendered, culturalized and ethnified discourses are discerned throughout the history of SFI, from the 1960s to the present, and how the constructions of the immigrant and the Swede are played out together with fostering attitudes. In particular, an ethnocentric and ideological gender equality discourse is linked to Swedish norms. Perceptions of the traditional and culturally bound immigrant woman are strongly emphasised in dominant discourses and an object that always is about to be changed, which the course participants sometimes show resistance to. The immigrant woman is also invisible in relation to work; she does not fit the constructed ”immigrant worker”, which consists of men, even though the majority of immigrant women are also working.
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Rowbottom, Simon, Dora Brown, and Pierre Cachia. "The male gender role and men’s psychological distress: A review." Social Psychological Review 14, no. 1 (2012): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsspr.2012.14.1.16.
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This review examines the psychological research surrounding masculinity and the attendant concepts relating to the male gender role. Its specific focus is within what has been called the ‘social learning paradigm’ (Addis & Cohane, 2005, p.637). The social learning paradigm is consistent with a social constructionist approach in that it views human behaviour as not arising from innate essentialist traits, but instead as being influenced and constructed by the interaction between the environment and the individual’s own cognitions and behaviour (Bandura & Walters, 1963). However, the review notes that there is disagreement and debate surrounding the social learning paradigm’s relationship to the social constructionist view of masculinity and so also details the social constructionist view in order to highlight this. It gives an outline of some of the theoretical views and the pertaining measures that have been designed to research masculinity and the male gender role, and also focuses on the psychological distress that has been theorised to arise as a result of the norms associated with that role.
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Dulini Anuvinda Fernando, Weerahannadige. "A social constructionist perspective of gender stereotyping at work." Gender in Management: An International Journal 27, no. 7 (September 28, 2012): 463–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17542411211273450.
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Marin, Amy J. "A Social Constructionist View of the Psychology of Gender." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 43, no. 10 (October 1998): 694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/001807.
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Herrera, Luz Yadira. "Voices of Resistance." Educational Renaissance 7, no. 1 (December 17, 2018): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33499/edren.v7i1.121.
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Voices of resistance: Interdisciplinary approaches to Chican@ children's literature gathers a wide range of experts from diverse academic fields in the analysis of Chicanx children’s and young adult (YA) literature. The editors convincingly make the case for the urgency of using multicultural children’s literature as a means for empowerment and social justice. The book provides a solid framework that is useful to multiple audiences–from caregivers, teachers, school leaders, community members, to teacher educators, and beyond. The book highlights the Chicanx history of resistance, as indicated in its title, situated in the various US socio-political contexts that have negatively impacted people of color since the country’s formation. The book reminds us of the important role that literature has on the lives of children; and its potential to either affirm an asset-based perspective connected to their lives, cultural identities, gender constructions, and home language practices of Chicanx children and youth, or to perpetuate harmful deficit views. Furthermore, the book reminds us that powerful children’s and YA literature can help raise Chicanx children’s consciousness, even from a young age, towards sustaining self-love in the uplifting of Chicanx identity, culture, and linguistic practices. (Rowman & Littlefield, 2018)
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Rozario, Philip, and Nancy Morrow-Howell. "Age Matters: The Impact of Ageism on Health, Cognitive Impairment, Work Lives, and Anti-Ageist Interventions." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 671–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2329.
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Abstract Age is a social constructions. The treatment of people on the basis of their age, imposes serious psycho-emotional, social and economic costs on society and older people. The experiences of ageism may be exacerbated when other forms of acute and chronic forms of oppression are experienced due to racism, sexism, etc. The first paper looks at the impact of ageism on older people’s health. Their systematic review of studies showed that ageism detrimentally and consistently impacted older individuals in 11 health domains, with the prevalence of significant findings increasing over time. Informed by NIA’s Health Disparities Framework, the second paper examines the relationships between discrimination and protective factors on cognitive functioning. Their analyses of the Health and Retirement Survey data reveal, among other things, that everyday experiences of ageism significantly worsen older adults cognitive functioning. Using survey data of adults throughout the life-span, our third presenter examines how multiple identities (such as age and gender) influence employees’ perspectives on workplace fairness in hypothetical situations. The findings are informative to human resource departments in ensuring workplace fairness within the context of a multigenerational workforce. The final paper examines two efforts to disrupt ageism, specifically interventions that target students in an intergenerational program and staff members of senior living communities. Results from these evaluations point to an increase in positive attitudes among students and a reduction in ageist behaviors among staff members. All presenters will discuss policy, practice and research implications of their studies.
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Giuliani, Gaia. "Fears of Disaster and (Post-)Human Raciologies in European Popular Culture (2001-2013)." Culture Unbound 7, no. 3 (October 28, 2015): 363–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.1572363.
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This article aims at mapping the impact of ‘fears of disasters and crisis’ on European self-representations in terms of racial stereotypes, ‘white fantasies’, gender hierarchies, and heteronormativities. Its methodology is a critical discourse analysis of texts – specifically television series such as the BBC’s Dead Set (2009) and the first season of BBC US and UK, In the Flesh, (2013) and movies such as 28 Days Later (2002), L’Horde (2009), and World War Z (2013) – read through the lens of postcolonial theories, critical race and whiteness studies, the concepts of political philosophy and the theoretical insights of post-human feminism. This composite theoretical framework permits a grasp of gendered, racialised and classed fantasies behind the narratives of catastrophe and the visions of the post-apocalyptic world(s) the catastrophe is supposed to bring to life; it also allows an analysis of the meaning and articulations of catastrophe and post-world spatial constructions, and the latter’s relation to actual and imagined social hierarchies (gender, colour and class of the survivors). These are examined in order to understand whose eyes we are expected to imagine and experience the crisis/catastrophe through; the geographies of catastrophe and of post-world(s) (where in the world, and why); the relation between the undead and the living; life amongst the living before the undead threat; and the way protagonists look at the laws, rule, governmentalities, and use of violence in the past, present and future societies. These are a few of the themes that this article discusses in an attempt to uncover what fantasies of the present are hidden behind present memories of the future.
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Laird, Joan. "GENDER IN LESBIAN RELATIONSHIPS: CULTURAL, FEMINIST, AND CONSTRUCTIONIST REFLECTIONS." Journal of Marital and Family Therapy 26, no. 4 (October 2000): 455–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2000.tb00316.x.
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