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Webb, Lynette. "A social-constructionist exploration of contemporary western constructions of 'menopause' /." Adelaide, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpsw366.pdf.
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Barker, Bobbie Jo. "(Un)changing views of rape and rapists in the law, sociology and social constructionist literature, a social constructionist approach." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0027/MQ39802.pdf.
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Janhevich, Derek E. "The criminalization of hate, a social constructionist analysis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq26333.pdf.
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Dearden, Joseph. "Public sector business collaborating : a social constructionist perspective." Thesis, University of Derby, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/317458.
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This research study explores the perceptions and experiences of individuals involved in the business collaborations of the Coal Authority (TCA) with other public and private sector organisations. The study offers two major contributions to professional knowledge and practice. The first is that the social and behavioural activities associated with the business collaboration process are of as much concern as the economic and structural aspects. The second is a conceptual model and framework which makes sense of the public sector business collaborating process, and identifies behaviours and practices which are perceived by the participants to positively contribute to successful business collaborating and to minimise the risk of inter-organisational collaboration failure. The research accounts underpinning the study are based on the researcher's direct observation, interviews, accounts and life experiences of over fifty individuals that he engaged with during his thirty months involvement within the research process. This was complemented by his reflective diary recording in real time the thought processes from the participants in both the public and private sector involved in business collaborating on a day-to-day basis, as he immersed himself in a purposeful way in the research setting. Twenty-four of the collaborators work for public sector organisations, twenty-nine work in the private sector. Thematic discourse analysis was used to interpret their life experiences and develop the framework around the four perspectives that emerged. The four perspectives are: • The context perspective • The business and strategy perspective • The delivery perspective • The people perspective Personal reflections on the research process and the framework are based on the Kirkpatrick (1967) four level theoretical model for the evaluation of learning and development outcomes. The researcher also describes the changes in behaviour and practices within TCA with regard to the way the people within TCA interact and collaborate with people from other organisations as a result of the study and its findings. Finally, the researcher demonstrates his achievement of the six learning outcomes of his DBA doctoral programme.
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Castan, Broto Vanesa. "Examining the social context of land regeneration : a social constructionist approach." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2009. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/773018/.
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This thesis is concerned with the social context of land regeneration projects. Land regeneration projects aim at finding new uses for degraded or derelict land. The social and cultural dimensions of land regeneration projects are often overlooked. Thus, this thesis aims at examining the social dimensions of a land regeneration project. As a case study, this thesis examines the project RECOAL (Re-integration of coal ash disposal sites in the western Balkans). The aim of RECOAL was to develop sustainable and low-cost solutions for the regeneration of coal ash disposal sites in the western Balkans. The project ran from January 2005 to December 2007 and was largely funded by the 6th Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development of the European Union. The research team included research organisations in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Austria, Germany and the UK. This thesis adopts a social constructionist perspective to understand the problem of coal ash pollution `as the actors see it'. Hence, the aim of this thesis is to explore how RECOAL stakeholders construct the environmental problems to be addressed by the project and how these perspectives influence, and in turn are influenced by the project development. This thesis also examines the tensions that occur between competing `definitions of the situation' and evaluates the implications of this analysis for land use regeneration projects. Qualitative methodologies were used to examine the perspectives of researchers, local residents affected by pollution and institutional representatives. This thesis argues that, in environmentally degraded areas, there may be multiple social constructions of the environmental problem and thus, tensions may emerge between competing definitions of the situation. These tensions are part of the social context in which land regeneration projects are developed and they influence their results. Moreover, the results of the research suggest that land regeneration projects adapt to accommodate these contesting definitions of the situation using different mechanisms that include `expectations management' and `knowledge management' procedures. `Knowledge management' procedures, for example, include formal and informal rules to deal with the uncertainty of the results in risk assessment. `Expectations management' procedures require the project members to liaise with stakeholders at different levels. While both expectations and knowledge management procedures are embedded in the scientific practice they are rarely stated explicitly. Finally, this research argues that examining the social context may help land regeneration projects to improve their expectations and knowledge management procedures. In particular, adopting a social constructionist perspective may help exploring the social context of land regeneration projects by revealing the multiplicity of perspectives that intervene in the definition of environmental problems. The research recommends including local actors' perspectives earlier on in the framing stage of land regeneration projects.
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Nairn, Raymond George Ross. "Madness, media & mental illness: a social constructionist approach." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2280.
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Background Depictions of mental illnesses in the mass media have been analysed and criticised for more than forty years with little improvement, and that has serious implications for the ongoing efforts to destigmatise both mental illnesses and those who suffer from them. Aims To examine media depictions of mental illnesses within a social constructionist framework. To identify why media depictions take the form they do and to indicate ways in which such practices may be more effectively addressed. Method Items chosen from factual media genres were subjected to discourse analysis. This form of analysis attends to the preferred meaning of the items and how that meaning is constructed within the item. Exemplars of such analysis are contrasted with the content analyses more commonly performed on media materials before reporting analyses of items from everyday media reports and of materials that were expected to be less stigmatising. Results Irrespective of the form of analysis it is found that media depictions of mental illnesses are dominated by representations of dangerousness, criminal violence, unpredictability, and social incompetence. The same features were found in a destigmatisation documentary and a series of backgrounders on mental health services, in both of which madness was utilised to create interest and drama. It is argued that these characteristics occur because media personnel, like most laypersons, represent mental illnesses as forms of madness. Conclusions That my social constructionist analysis is able to account for the lack of change in media depictions over forty years. That the preference for a public mental health approach to destigmatisation is misplaced because it is unable to address the fear generated by lay understandings of mental illnesses. That the attempt to avoid conflation of the person with the disorder in Diagnostic and Statistical Manuals beginning in 1980 was an inadequate step in an appropriate direction in that it sought to remind clinicians that a mental disorder does not make a person non-human. The thesis findings are interpreted as showing that destigmatisation requires a new way of depicting mental illnesses, one that privileges the individual's experience and their ordinary humanness.
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Clarke, Victoria. "Lesbian and gay parenting : a feminist social constructionist analysis." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2002. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6797.
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In this thesis, I explore the construction of lesbian and gay parenting in psychology (Part 1), in the media (Part 2), and in lesbian and gay parents' talk (Part 3). My research brings together a diverse range of influences and ideas from lesbian and gay psychology, feminist psychology, and constructionist and discursive research. I draw on varied data sources: the psychological and lesbian feminist literature on lesbian (and gay) parenting, television talk shows, documentaries and newspaper articles, and research interviews with lesbian and gay parents. These data are analysed within a feminist constructionist framework, using discourse analysis. The thesis is divided into three parts. In Part 1.1 present my analysis of the psychological and lesbian feminist literature on lesbian (and gay) parenting. In this part of the thesis, I treat the literature as data and explore what it reveals about the social construction of lesbian and gay parenting. First, I provide a historical overview of the literature on lesbians and parenting over the last one hundred years. Then, I focus in detail on how discourses of sameness and difference and discourses of science inform the construction of lesbian (and gay) parenting in the literature. In Part 2, I analyse media constructions of lesbian and gay parenting. First, I identify arguments against lesbian and gay parenting in talk shows and in newspaper articles. Second, I focus specifically on talk show debates and analyse how these debates are constructed and identify the key themes informing pro-lesbian/gay parenting discourse on talk shows. In Part 3, I focus in detail on lesbian and gay parents' talk about two issues that significantly inform psychological and media debates about their fitness to parent: homophobic bullying and male role models. I explore how lesbian and gay parents engage with anti-lesbian/gay claims about homophobic bullying and male role models, and the ways in which they construct bullying and role models in the process of discursively managing their identity as 'bad' parents. In the final chapter, I discuss the contributions and implications of my research, and indicate some future developments for research on lesbian and gay parenting and for lesbian and gay psychology.
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Greig, Chloë. "Exploring the concept of ability : a social constructionist approach." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3400.
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The systematic review and empirical research presented in this thesis, as part of the required work for the Doctorate in Applied Educational Psychology, explored the concept of ability and how the use of ability grouping methods influences the construction of the pupil. Additionally, the acceptance of ability as a ‘true’ and testable concept is also explored. The systematic review examined research focusing on the experiences, attitudes and beliefs in relation to ability grouping from the perspective of teachers and children. A meta-ethnography was used to offer a new interpretation of such research; to explore how ability grouping influenced the construction of the pupil. Five key themes from the meta-ethnography arose as influencing the construction of the pupil; teachers assumptions and expectations; equal opportunities; self-esteem, inclusion, feeling listened too; justification of ability grouping; and perception of differences – labelling and comparing. The empirical research reports the findings of a small-scale qualitative study that explored parental perceptions of ability and ability grouping. Constructivist grounded theory was used to analyse the transcripts of semi-structured interviews with six parents in the North of England. The emergent theory tells us that parents of children in high sets (re)produced particular discourses and attributions around ability that are similar to the discourses and attributions produced by many teachers, and in a wider sense, by the education system and Government. Conversely, low set parents challenged the current educational system as putting too much emphasis on academic ability, and raised questions around the self-efficacy of teachers in being able to meet the needs of all children. Factors that contributed to the concept and perception of ability were a sense of a hierarchy and pecking order in schools, and parental competition and pride. In exploring the concept of ability, factors that emerged as important to parents were the beliefs that there is dissonance between the education system and current society, and parents feeling isolated. Findings from both the systematic review and the empirical research elucidate the notion that the dominant functionalist view present in education can lead to children being characterised by their perceived ability. Consequently, it highlights the potential role of educational psychologists in challenging assumptions around ability 6 and ability grouping, through acting as a ‘critical friend’, and by engaging with and advancing a socially critical account of education as opposed to the dominant functionalist one. The pieces are linked through a bridging document questioning the nature and acceptance of truth, and an exploration of the concept of ability through changing discourse.
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Machat-From, Laura. "Identity, Old(er) Age and Migrancy : A Social Constructionist Lens." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen Åldrande och social förändring, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-137460.
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ldentity research in relation to ethnicity and migration has tended to focus an younger people whilst identity research in relation to ageing and old(er) age has not focused an migrants. This inadvertent mutual neglect has led to a lack of identity research that examines the identity categories of old(er) age and migrancy together, a lacuna that this dissertation aims to redress. This dissertation departs from a social constructionist understanding of identity as situationally accomplished in the interplay between how one defines oneself (internally) and how others define one (externally). The questions raised by this perspective and addressed in this dissertation are: When (in what situations) and in relation to whom do old(er) age and migrancy (respectively) seem to become meaningful for identification? How do the identity categories of old(er) age and migrancy seem to be negotiated? The empirical material consists of in-depth interviews with 24 older migrants (13 men, 11 women) aged between 55 and 79 who have been living in Sweden for 18 to 61 years. Interviewees come from 12 different countries that vary in perceived cultural distance from Sweden. The findings suggest that identifications with old(er) age and migrancy seem to be dynamic and flexible rather than necessarily permanently meaningful, thus gaining meaning in specific situations and in relation to particular Others. External definitions furthermore do not always seem to match with internal ones. Regardless of how old(er) age and migrancy are constructed, they seem to be negotiable. This dissertation thus contributes to identity research by studying old(er) age and migrancy together and furthermore sheds light onto how the social constructionist lens allows us to see variability where stability otherwise would be presumed.ldentitetsforskning rörande etnicitet och migration har huvudsakligen fokuserat på yngre medan identitetsforskning kring äldre och åldrande inte har fokuserat på utrikesfödda. Som en konsekvens därav har identitetsforskningen inte studerat hög(re) ålder och invandrarskap tillsammans, en lucka som denna avhandling avser att fylla. Avhandlingen utgår ifrån en socialkonstruktionistisk förståelse av identitet som situationsbunden och formad genom samspelet mellan hur man definierar sig själv (internt) och hur andra definierar en (externt). Frågorna som väcks genom detta perspektiv och som avhandlingen fokuserar på är: När (i vilka situationer) och i förhållande till vem verkar hög(re) ålder respektive invandrarskap bli betydelsefulla för identifikationer? Hur verkar identitetskategorierna hög(re) ålder och invandrarskap förhandlas? Det empiriska materialet består av djupintervjuer med 24 utrikesfödda äldre (13 män, 11 kvinnor) i åldrarna mellan 55 och 79 som har bott i Sverige mellan 18 och 61 år. lntervjupersonerna kommer från 12 olika länder med olika upplevt kulturellt avstånd från Sverige. Resultaten tyder på att identifikationer med hög(re) ålder och invandrarskap är dynamiska och flexibla snarare än nödvändigtvis permanent meningsfulla, och får därmed betydelse i vissa situationer och i förhållande till särskilda andra. Externa definitioner verkar inte alltid stämma överens med interna definitioner. Oavsett hur hög(re) ålder och invandrarskap är konstruerade så framstår de som förhandlingsbara. Avhandlingen bidrar därmed till identitetsforskningen genom att studera hög(re) ålder och invandrarskap tillsammans och belyser dessutom hur det socialkonstruktionistiska perspektivet tillåter oss att se variation och föränderlighet där stabilitet annars förutsätts.
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Brokensha, Melissa. "The South African exodus : a social constructionist perspective on emigration." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09022005-141949.
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McLean, Craig. "Wife battering policies, programs and definitions: A social constructionist analysis." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4455.
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This thesis examines the social definition process of the social problem of wife battering in Canada from 1970 to 1990. The primary component of the thesis is an examination of the development of various conceptual frameworks. The issue of wife battering would not have evolved as a social problem had it not been for the raised political consciousness of feminism and other social movements. The early efforts of the battered women's movement to gain recognition soon entered a stage characterized by co-optation, professionalism, and bureaucracy. Government and nongovernment officials, activists and academics played an ambivalent role in shaping the public definition of wife battering. On one hand these agencies and officials would occasionally provide financial support, legitimation, and credibility for the movement. On the other hand, these agencies and officials would compete against the movement for funding and for control of the social policy agenda. Literature on the battered women's movements in the United States of America and Great Britain are examined. An attempt was made to document and assess the various positions and perspectives of the various interest groups who were involved in the social construction of wife battering as a major social policy area. A number of divergent perspectives of frameworks were identified: the victims' position, the family violence perspective, the spousal abuse, wife battering and wife assault approaches. The social constructionist framework highlighted the existence of policy shifts and trends related to wife battering in Canada. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Mabbott, Lucy. "Therapeutic interpretations of psychodynamic ideas : a social constructionist grounded theory." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2012. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/therapeutic-interpretations-of-psychodynamic-ideas(3e5cbe91-6a88-401b-890f-0c6c97c7bcb0).html.
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The focus of this study is on how counselling psychologists and other therapists interpret psychodynamic ideas. There is a dearth of qualitative work addressing this issue, particularly from the practitioner perspective. This study adopted a social constructionist version of Grounded Theory. Twelve volunteer therapist participants were interviewed (six counselling psychologists and six therapists accredited by the British Association of Counsellors and Psychotherapists (BACP) and the United Kingdom Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP)). Therapists had a wide range of experience but all had at least one year of training in psychodynamic theory. The analysis produced a grounded theory that suggests a tension between realist and social constructionist epistemological stances to psychodynamic theories. An unquestioning use of psychodynamic ideas persisted whereby these theories remained uncontested and were spoken about as if they were indicative of reality. This alternated with a reflective use of psychodynamic ideas where a theory was seen as one explanation among many. A tension was apparent as therapists spoke from these epistemologically opposed stances. This tension was expressed through the demonstration of being drawn to use psychodynamic ideas unquestioningly as they seem to abate anxiety and provide a sense of professionalism and expertise. The benefits of thinking objectively about psychodynamic ideas draw therapists into speaking of them in this way, even when this approach was not in line with the their epistemological stance at other points in time. The tension seems to result from societal demands and contextual pressures as well as the inter-relational discourse with the researcher. It is suggested that practitioners in the field of counselling psychology as well as by practitioners accredited with the UKCP and BACP experience this phenomenon. Length of experience in practice did not play a significant factor in how therapists conceptualise psychodynamic ideas. A discussion of the implication of these findings and the potential for future research is also explored.
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Tunstall, Richard. "Understanding social processes in the development of internal corporate ventures : a social constructionist perspective." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.581436.
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This thesis explores and explains social processes in the development of internal corporate ventures. To address this research aim, three research questions are presented to inform the investigation of roles, relationships and social processes in CV activity. In order to address these questions, a critical literature review is presented which explores research findings and conceptual studies in relation to the development of internal corporate ventures and the three specific research questions. This informs the development of three initial thematic templates. A research philosophy is presented which explains the subjectivist ontology and strong social constructionist epistemological stance of the research project. This is followed by an exploration of social processes leading to the development of a conceptual framework. The thematic template and conceptual framework are subsequently interrogated through the analysis of 46 transcripts of telephone interviews with individuals engaged in CV activity. Following the discussion of results, a refinement of the conceptual framework is proposed. Subsequently, a longitudinal CIT case study is presented and analysed in relation to the developed framework. Finally, a key summary is provided and contributions to knowledge, limitations and implications are presented.
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O'Neal, Julie Johnette. "U.S. intervention in Grenada, Panama, and Haiti : a social constructionist perspective /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA306495.
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Smith, Maria Jane. "Pay satisfaction in Higher Education : a gendered and social constructionist approach." Thesis, University of York, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21958/.
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The gender pay gap is a persistent feature of the labour market however evidence indicates that women are often more satisfied with their pay than men, suggesting a 'paradox of the contented female worker'. There is a range of theories which hypothesise that women's behaviour or characteristics are the 'cause' of this paradox and which simultaneously neglect how the workplace might contribute towards pay satisfaction. This body of work has adopted a positivist, 'top down' and quantitative approach but has failed to provide convincing evidence to support the theories proposed. Arguing that there are weaknesses in the approach previously adopted, the research presented in this thesis adopted an alternative ontological position. Utilising social constructionism to conceptualise gender, work and pay, a mixed method approach was used, comprising of a survey and follow up qualitative interviews with staff at two UK universities. Influenced by feminist research methodology, the research aimed to ensure that pay satisfaction was approached and understood from the point of view of those being researched. As well as examining previous theories, the research also investigated alternative approaches to understanding this paradox. The findings indicated that women were often more satisfied with their pay than men. However, both male and female low paid workers were also often more satisfied than higher paid workers. Support was not found for previous theories of the paradox which had focussed upon female behaviour, but did find that beliefs about the 'value' of different occupations affected expectations of pay and influenced satisfaction levels. In addition, amongst higher paid staff, a high workload and the perception of a lack of autonomy contributed to relatively low pay satisfaction whilst lower paid staff were reassured that their own pay, although low, was reasonable given their lighter workload.
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Marx, Yendra. "Exploring the experiences of first-time fatherhood a social constructionist study /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01252005-085757.
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Egerton, Muriel. "Sex differences in interpretations of emotions : a constructionist approach." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670300.
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Dawson, Paul. "The rotten truth of cariology : a social constructionist account of dental caries." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.632416.
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Venter, Johannes Philippus. "(Re)construction in progress a social constructionist reification of the therapeutic relationship /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10132004-111824.
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Nead, Sandra Kay. "A CONSTRUCTIONIST ANALYSIS OF SAME-SEX MARRIAGE." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2322.
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Same-sex marriage has been heavily debated in academics and in the public sphere. During the 2004 Presidential election same-sex marriage became an issue that polarized the candidates. It has become a lightning rod for public debate. Due to the increasing attention to the controversy of legalizing same-sex marriage, it is an important topic for research. This paper seeks to contribute to the research of same-sex marriage by providing insight into claims-making efforts to define same-sex marriage as a social problem. My findings shed light on this topic from a social constructionist perspective by examining the use of rhetorical idioms of the claims made by opposing parties in the debate over same-sex marriage as it relates to the court ruling in Goodridge v. Department of Public Health.M.A.
Department of Sociology and Anthropology
Arts and Sciences
Applied Sociology
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Nunez, David. "A Capacity Limited, Cognitive Constructionist Model of Virtual Presence." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000454/.
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The Capacity Limited, Cognitive Constructionist (CLCC) model of presence is proposed as an information processing model of presence, which is demonstrated to have more theoretical power than extant models. The CLCC model defines information processing paths between attention, working memory, declarative memory and procedural memory, which operate to create and maintain a semantic context or bias. Bottom-up information entering the sensory cortices is filtered by attention into working memory where it forms temporary structures encoding the subject’s experience of the VE. These structures also receive top-down information, which arises in declarative memory. This interaction of top-down and bottom-up data gives the entire model a semantic bias which attempts to keep the subject’s construction of the environment semantically coherent. This allows for inferences and decision making, which translates into high presence. A semantically incoherent construction, or one which does not have enough working memory capacity allocated to it will result in poorer inferences about the environment, and reduced presence. If, as the CLCC model contends, presence involves information processing rather than simple perception, then one would expect to see working memory interference effects and semantic content effects in presence. Six studies were conducted to test these conjectures and validate the CLCC model. Studies 1 – 3 examined the role of working memory and attention on presence (the bottom half of the model), while Studies 4 – 6 examined semantic content and processing effects on presence (the top half of the model).
Study 1 manipulated working memory (WM) load during VE exploration. The CLCC prediction was that WM load would interfere with presence. Data from 177 subjects showed smaller effects than predicted: No WM effects on spatial presence, lower naturalness under spatial WM load, and lower engagement under verbal WM load. This suggests that spatial presence makes no use of WM, and that engagement and naturalness make limited use of it. While engagement seems to make use of semantic processing as predicted, naturalness seems to use spatial processing. Study 2 examined WM use by media decoders by repeating Study 1 with a text-based VE. Data from 114 subjects shows no WM effects exist on any of the four ITC-SOPI factors. This supports Study 1’s finding that spatial presence does not use WM, but 3 contradicts results engagement and naturalness. Study 3 examined the relative contribution of attention and WM. 46 subjects viewed VE walkthroughs in three conditions: Viewing one walkthrough only (baseline), viewing two walkthroughs simultaneously (WM load condition), or viewing one walkthrough and a jumbled video simultaneously (attention load condition). The CLCC model predicted the WM load condition would interfere with presence the most, followed by the attention load condition, followed by the baseline. No difference was found across conditions, although naturalness and engagement predicted task performance, indicating that spatial presence is distinct from these factors, in agreement with the findings of Study 1 and 2.
Study 4 was a survey of semantic and processing effects on presence. Data from 101 computer gamers indicate that it is how often gamers play presence games (and not how many years they have been playing) that predicts how important they consider presence to their gaming experience. This suggests a moderate term activation effect rather than a long term learning effect. Furthermore, gamers with a high thematic inertia rate presence as important to gaming, indicating a processing effect. Finally, gamers who are capable of integrating non-diegetic music into their experiences rate presence as more important, which supports the CLCC notion that information processing of both semantic and perceptual information is important to presence. Study 5 followed up Study 4 by focusing on one specific content area. 461 flight simulation gamers completed the survey. Findings largely agree with those of Study 4, and strongly support the CLCC model prediction that highly specific expectations of content will reduce presence, while generalized expectations will increase it. Thematic inertia and priming were are also positively associated with presence, as predicted by the CLCC model. Study 6 manipulated non-diegetic information (background music) and semantic priming to test semantic processing in presence. The CLCC model predicted that all VE related information (semantic or perceptual) contributes to presence, particularly engagement and naturalness. 181 subjects were primed with materials semantically relevant or irrelevant to VE content, and then experienced the VE with no background music (baseline), music which semantically fit the VE, or VE music which was not a semantic fit. Priming did not influence presence as predicted, but non-diegetic music which fit the VE increased naturalness as predicted. The no-fit music produced the same presence scores as the baseline 4 condition, indicating that it was filtered out by attention, as predicted by the CLCC model.
Overall, the CLCC model and data show that content effects occur in presence, and how these are mediated by declarative memory. It also shows that presence is a complex multi-level processing phenomenon. Spatial presence is at a cognitively low level, relying on perceptual (bottom-up) information, while engagement and naturalness are heavily dependent on conceptual (top-down) information, operating as a set of expectation-content comparisons which, when met by the content, lead to enhanced presence. These high and low cognitive forms of presence are largely independent, but do share some semantic effects, likely due to a reliance on common underlying cognitive processes such as priming and thematic inertia. The top half of the CLCC model (which encodes semantic meaning and explains content effects) is better supported that the bottom half (which predicted interference and attention effects). This finding is highly unexpected, as the literature on almost all extant models predicts an important role for attention in presence. From the data however, one must conclude that spatial presence makes no use of working memory, while cognitive higher forms of presence make use of limited amounts of working memory.
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Hellmann, Bryan Dov. "A social constructionist exploration of male law enforcement officers' attitudes towards male rape." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05282008-125949.
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Goodings, Lewis. "Social network sites : a constructionist approach to self, identity and community in MySpace." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6337.
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MySpace is a social network site (SNS) that forms an essential part of modern online communication. The creation of a personal profile in MySpace allows a user to connect with a global network of friends and communicate in a number of different ways. This thesis sets out to explore the experience of MySpace in terms of the self, identity and community. MySpace will be studied from a constructionist form of social psychology that benefits from new dialects of movement, performance and process. MySpace is conceptualised as a mediated community where users shape and are shaped by their experience of using the site. This study uses empirical data taken from the natural use of MySpace. A total of 100 open-access profiles are explored for the myriad ways that users constitute the self and identity in MySpace. The analysis identifies a number of functions of mediating the self including: the brand me, the hoped-for self and the self in potential. The brand me describes the reflective ability to realise other normative capacities through the practice of blogging in MySpace. This focuses on the ability to create new forms of subjectivity in MySpace interactions. In a similar vein, the hoped-for self explains the modification of the self through the act of profile changing and focuses on the actual, everyday practices of the self. Each of these analytic themes demonstrates the importance of the relational connections in MySpace. Finally, the self is defined as in potential as the analysis demonstrates an ongoing need for a narrative construction to the profile that is performed in both the visual and the textual aspects of the page.
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Ulus, Eda. "Studying workplace emotions in India : a rapprochement of psychoanalytic and social constructionist approaches." Thesis, University of Bath, 2012. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.564001.
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This thesis offers an analysis of workplace emotions by interweaving social constructionist and psychoanalytic theoretical frameworks. The introduction highlights the importance of workplace emotion for organisation studies and discusses the significance of drawing on more than one framework for an understanding of the complexities of workplace emotions. India was chosen as thelocale for the study for a variety of reasons, including its global significance, its history of psychoanalysis, and immense diversity, which offer a vast landscape for exploring emotions from multiple perspectives. Engaging with India provides a cultural corrective to research on organisational emotion focussed upon Western spaces. The literature review discusses the tenets, limitations, and possibilities for cross-fertilisation of social constructionist and psychoanalytic accounts, and explores further the opportunities provided by the choice of India as the site for this work. The methodology informing the research is then introduced, focussing on qualitative interviews, storytelling, and countertransference as key features of the data collection and analysis. Four data chapters follow, which present and analyse empirical data from the field work to highlight the importance of both frameworks for an enriched understanding of emotions. The major themes that emerge from the data include cultural dynamics influencing emotions, emotional labour, workplace traumas, and the legacy of colonialism in work spaces. The thesis concludes with a review of the theoretical contributions and an identification of new possibilities and new stories for exploration opened upon by this research.
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Riley, Donna Barbara. "Lost and found| Transgender elders? journey toward authenticity. A constructionist grounded theory study." Thesis, State University of New York at Stony Brook, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10002566.
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While theoretical models of transgender identity development exist, theoretical models of post-transition social identity development are limited, and theoretical models of transgender individuals transitioning in later life are absent. As such, the purpose of this study is to explore the experience of transgender individuals coming out later in life, often after decades of hiding. Their experiences give voice to the trans community to define self-fulfillment as a transgender person post-transition. Additionally, this study explores the obstacles transgender elders navigate in middle and later life.
Using a semi-structured interview guide with 42 transgender elders 55 years and older, respondents constructed chronological narratives of their lived experiences. The data was analyzed using Charmaz’ (2004) Constructionist Grounded Theory method. The findings from this study support Breakwell’s (1986) Identity Process Theory (IPT) and explain how the study participants coped with threatened identities (Breakwell, 1983).
Additionally, the findings explain how Breakwell’s theory of identity integration and Amiot et al.’s (2007) theory of discrete stages of change lead to integrated social identities. The model that emerged in the findings expands the scope of social identity integration. The model I propose, Reflexive Authenticity, expands by adding an additional stage. Therefore, increasing to five stages of social identity development and implement action/interaction strategies with conditions and consequences at each stage.
Qualitative analysis of interview narratives revealed two distinct participant categories: Compartmentalized Social Identity and Integrated Social Identity. The essential difference between the two groups was participation in transgender advocacy or activism to support and mobilize the transgender community. This study sheds new light on the post-transition phase and the role that reflexive authenticity plays in transgender individuals’ integrated social identity. The theoretical implications suggest that political activity and commitment to building social and political acceptance of the transgender community are important facilitators of developing an integrated social identity.
The transgender elders in this study described early coping mechanisms they used to protect threatened core identities, the obstacles and barriers they faced along the way, and their journeys toward living authentically. These findings have important implications for the development of future research, policies, and interventions that support transgender individuals.
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Vanderwal, Timothy. "A social-constructionist exploration of the contemporary western construction of distress as 'depressive illness' /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SSPS/09sspsv242.pdf.
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Larkin, Michael. "Understandings and experiences : a post constructionist cultural psychology of addiction and recovery in the 12 step tradition." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246586.
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Ash, Margi Brown. "A Mouthful of Pins : questioning constructionist therapy frameworks in theatre-making." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/40278/1/Margi_Brown_Ash_Thesis.pdf.
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A Mouthful of Pins constitutes the practical component (50 per cent) of a practice-led Master of Arts through the Creative Industries Faculty of Queensland University of Technology. This research reports on the attempt to create a constructionist/collaborative theatre-making process by incorporating postmodern constructs borrowed from the therapy room. The study asserts that, when applied with awareness, therapeutic frameworks can help members of the creative team . including the director, performers, writer, designers and technicians . to fulfil their artistic capacity, thereby enriching their process, their performance and their collaborative relationship with each other. For this to occur, it is imperative that the director/facilitator stay curious and aware of how they lead their creative team, with particular care around their use of language, as well as an increased awareness of the multiple stories (including the sometimes invisible social, historical, political, theatrical and leadership discourses) that surround and impact the artist.s process. This research is designed to assist students of theatre, as well as established professional practitioners, to find an alternative approach for collaboration that can result in longevity of practice, while at the same time embracing best practice for their outgoing creativity.
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Alvarado, Orellana Sara Lucia, and Cynthia Kamariza. "An analysis on how the media describe intimate partner violence from a social constructionist perspective." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23737.
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The purpose of this study was to get a better understanding on how Swedish media describes intimate partner violence from a social constructionist perspective. This was done by analysing the way this violence is projected in three Swedish newspapers namely Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter & Expressen. Our study focused on heterosexual relationships and investigated how some sample of Swedish newspapers described the image of “men and women as perpetrators; gender construction”, “the presentation of the violence” and “the way society treats intimate partner violence victims (male/female)”. The theoretical approach in this analysis was based on social constructionism with a special focus on gender. In order to address the research objectives, a content analysis was performed and some comment and analysis on themes were given. The research findings revealed that both men and women could be perpetrators and victims of intimate partner violence with a main focus on woman as victims from media.
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Butler, Leah C. "Getting Stoned: Marijuana Use among University Students." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1460203414.
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Aguiar, Ana Carolina Pires de. "The art of being together: a social constructionist perspective on dialogic methods in the organizational context." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/16463.
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The purpose of this project is to understand, under a social constructionist approach, what are the meanings that external facilitators and organizational members (sponsors) working with dialogic methods place on themselves and their work. Dialogic methods, with the objective of engaging groups in flows of conversations to envisage and co-create their own future, are growing fast within organizations as a means to achieve collective change. Sharing constructionist ideas about the possibility of multiple realities and language as constitutive of such realities, dialogue has turned into a promising way for transformation, especially in a macro context of constant change and increasing complexity, where traditional structures, relationships and forms of work are questioned. Research on the topic has mostly focused on specific methods or applications, with few attempts to study it in a broader sense. Also, despite the fact that dialogic methods work on the assumption that realities are socially constructed, few studies approach the topic from a social constructionist perspective, as a research methodology per se. Thus, while most existing research aims at explaining whether or how particular methods meet particular results, my intention is to explore the meanings sustaining these new forms of organizational practice. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 25 people working with dialogic methods: 11 facilitators and 14 sponsors, from 8 different organizations in Brazil. Firstly, the research findings indicate several contextual elements that seem to sustain the choices for dialogic methods. Within this context, there does not seem to be a clear or specific demand for dialogic methods, but a set of different motivations, objectives and focuses, bringing about several contrasts in the way participants name, describe and explain their experiences with such methods, including tensions on power relations, knowledge creation, identity and communication. Secondly, some central ideas or images were identified within such contrasts, pointing at both directions: dialogic methods as opportunities for the creation of new organizational realities (with images of a ‘door’ or a ‘flow’, for instance, which suggest that dialogic methods may open up the access to other perspectives and the creation of new realities); and dialogic methods as new instrumental mechanisms that seem to reproduce the traditional and non-dialogical forms of work and relationship. The individualistic tradition and its tendency for rational schematism - pointed out by social constructionist scholars as strong traditions in our Western Culture - could be observed in some participants’ accounts with the image of dialogic methods as a ‘gym’, for instance, in which dialogical – and idealized –‘abilities’ could be taught and trained, turning dialogue into a tool, rather than a means for transformation. As a conclusion, I discuss what the implications of such taken-for-granted assumptions may be, and offer some insights into dialogue (and dialogic methods) as ‘the art of being together’.
O objetivo deste projeto é compreender, sob a perspectiva do Construcionismo Social, quais são os sentidos que facilitadores externos e membros de organizações que trabalham com métodos dialógicos atribuem a si mesmos e ao seu trabalho. Com o objetivo de envolver grupos em fluxos de conversas para investigação, visualização e cocriação de seu próprio futuro, os chamados métodos dialógicos constituem práticas crescentes para geração de mudanças e desenvolvimento organizacional. Alinhado com conceitos construcionistas sobre a possibilidade de múltiplas realidades e sobre a linguagem como constitutiva de tais realidades, o diálogo tem emergido como um caminho promissor para a transformação, especialmente em um macro contexto de constantes mudanças e crescente complexidade, desafiando formas tradicionais de trabalho, estrutura e relacionamentos. Pesquisas na área concentram-se em análises de métodos ou aplicações específicas, havendo poucos estudos mais abrangentes sobre o tema. Além disso, apesar dos métodos dialógicos trabalharem a partir da premissa de que realidades são socialmente construídas, poucos estudos abordam o tema sob uma perspectiva metodológica sócio-construcionista. Assim, enquanto a maioria da literatura existente concentra-se em explicar como e porque certos métodos atingem certos resultados, minha intenção é explorar os possíveis sentidos que sustentam estas novas práticas organizacionais. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com 25 profissionais que trabalham ou utilizam métodos dialógicos: 11 facilitadores e 14 membros de organizações. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam vários elementos contextuais que parecem sustentar as escolhas por métodos dialógicos, não parecendo haver, entretanto, uma demanda clara ou específica para tais práticas, mas um conjunto de diferentes motivações, objetivos e focos. Isso faz com que diversos contrastes apareçam na maneira como os participantes nomeiam, descrevem e explicam suas experiências, incluindo tensões relacionadas a poder, geração de conhecimento, identidade e comunicação. Dentro de tais contrastes, quatro ideias centrais foram identificadas, apontando para dois sentidos: (i) métodos dialógicos como oportunidades para a criação de novas realidades organizacionais (a partir de imagens como a de uma ‘porta’ ou um ‘fluxo’, por exemplo, sugerindo que estas práticas possibilitam o acesso a novas perspectivas e a criação de novas realidades); e (ii) métodos dialógicos como mecanismos que parecem reproduzir as mesmas formas tradicionais e não dialógicas de trabalho e relacionamento. Diante deste contraste, as tradições modernas do individualismo e suas tendências para racionalização e esquematização - apontadas por autores construcionistas como fortes tradições da nossa cultura ocidental - puderam ser observadas em muitas falas a partir de imagens como a de uma 'academia’ ou um ‘espaço’ intencionalmente criado, onde habilidades idealizadas dos indivíduos e das organizações (ainda compreendidos sob uma perspectiva dual sujeito-objeto) poderiam ser ensinadas ou treinadas, transformando o diálogo em uma ferramenta, ao invés de um meio para a transformação. Como conclusão, apresento algumas das implicações que tais tradições podem gerar e ofereço alguns insights sobre o diálogo (a partir dos métodos dialógicos) como 'a arte de estarmos juntos”.
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Pretorius, Liezille. "The participation of women in rap music: An exploratory study of the ro1e of gender discrimination." University of the Western Cape, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8459.
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Magister Artium (Psychology) - MA(Psych)This study is about the way in which men, specifically in the local context of Cape Town, dominate the rap music culture. Globally, rapping is associated with poetic lyrics that express the rappers' environment or worldview. Historically women's worldviews were kept silent and it is within this context that this investigation explored why women are not represented well in the rap culture. The significance of the study lies in the possibility of identifying ways in which women interested in becoming rap artists could overcome the barriers that currently inhibit their participation. This project represents an interdisciplinary study that falls within the realms of social psychology, music, feminism and social constructionism. Specifically, this thesis employed feminist psychology and social constructionism to construe and interpret the roles of women in rap music. Working within a qualitative feminist framework, the data was gathered through focus groups and in-depth telephonic individual interviews with participants. The discussions held with the participants were transcribed and the data was analyzed thematically. The results reflect that women feel that they are being discriminated against in rap culture on the basis of their gender. Despite the key finding that women are being discriminated against in the rap culture, it was also found that when the two sexes came together and spoke about the gender inequalities in the culture, a strong awareness of gender sensitivity was created. This study therefore suggests that one powerful way of challenging gender inequality in rap culture may be through raising awareness by way of discussions of gender bias and discrimination at rap forums, radio talk shows and workshops aimed at unifying the South African rap culture.
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Jackson, Denise. "Geeks, boffins, swots and nerds : a social constructionist analysis of 'gifted and talented' identities in post-16 education." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10021821/.
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This study analyses ‘Gifted and Talented’ (‘G&T’) identities in post-16 education, exploring ‘G&T’ identity construction processes and how students manage ‘G&T’ identities once labelled as such. Bourdieu’s work, social constructionism and identity theorising are used to analyse how ‘G&T’ labelling processes, arising from government policies, located within family, peer and school institutional cultures impact on students’ identities, and their responses to identification. Constructionist critical-realist epistemology is used, with data drawn from semi-structured interviews conducted with 16 post-16 students; 16 e-mailed questionnaires with their parents; and three e-mailed questionnaires with GATCOs (‘G&T’ Co-ordinators), from three schools in Eastern England. Eight follow-up informal couple-interviews were conducted with students and their parents. My data analysis of ‘G&T’-students’ subjectivities shows ‘G&T’ identification has repercussions affecting self-esteem, confidence levels, and other aspects of identity constructions. I identify varied ways in which ‘G&T’ post-16 students actively construct ‘G&T’ identities in family and school cultural contexts, using peer-subcultures to manage ‘G&T’ roles, and show how school institutions differ in ‘G&T’ emphasis. Students display agency in ‘choosing’ routes through their ‘G&T’-journeys, on a continuum ranging from ‘conformity’ through to ‘resistance’. Through my analysis of rich qualitative data, some consequences for students of ‘G&T’-identity construction are revealed to be: fear-of-failure, perfectionism, bullying, eating disorders, stress; as well as confidence, pride, motivation and satisfaction. I argue that what is constructed and identified as ‘G&T’ is the result of social class based cultural capital, as the middle-classes access ‘G&T’ provision disproportionately. I conclude that ‘G&T’ policies function as neoliberal educational differentiators, in further separating the advantaged from the disadvantaged, entrenching class divisions. Recommendations include inclusive, personalised provision for all students. Students, parents and teachers revealed how differentiation within classrooms is as necessary as provision allowing for meeting the ‘like-minded’ e.g. through vertical tutoring, leadership programmes and establishing ‘learning communities’ within schools. I argue that school and family cultures need to ‘scaffold’ developing identities of post-16 students ensuring their potential is reached in academic, confidence and identity domains. The label of ‘G&T’ is not needed in order to achieve these aims of ‘gifted’ education for all students to at least sometimes feel like they are ‘fish in water’.
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Shikoyeni, Hilya Ndeapo. "Exploring the psycho-social determinants of heavy alcohol drinking amongst women in Oshana, Namibia." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5621.
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Magister Artium (Social Work) - MA(SW)Heavy alcohol drinking is a serious health concern in many African countries such as Namibia and South Africa. The heavy use of alcohol is mainly due to avoid coping with the realities of life. There is however, a paucity of research on heavy alcohol use amongst women, particularly in Oshana region of Namibia, where problem drinking is threatening the well-being of women and society. This study explored the psycho-social determinants of women who are heavy alcohol users in the Oshana region. The study design was explorative and descriptive within a qualitative approach. The social constructionist theory underpinned this study. Four participants were randomly selected from the Developmental Social Services caseload which led the researcher to snowball the other four participants for a total of eight participants in the study. Data was collected by means of semi-structured face-to-face interview with the aid of an interview guide. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and field notes were taken. Thematic analysis was used to analyse and interpret the data. The participants identified with coping with realities among women heavy drinking. They reported psychological and social factors affected the well- being of women drinking. These factors included poverty, unemployment, family pressure or influence, availability and accessibility of alcohol, expression, stress, low self-esteem, fear of loneliness and many others. Based on these results, some of the suggestions put forward by all the participants and the researcher concluded the study with a recommendation that an awareness can be created by service providers such as social workers working with women who are heavy drinkers to establish and improve alcohol programmes in Oshana Region and Namibia as a whole.
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Greer, Arthur Scott. "Making sense out of the self, a social constructionist perspective on the history and measurement of the self." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0028/NQ39268.pdf.
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Whitelaw, Angela Mary. "Power and emotions in social constructionist therapy and research : a critical analysis using countertransference as a research tool." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298057.
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van, der Riet Jane. "'Astride a dangerous dividing line': Preschool teachers' talk about childhood sexuality." University of Western Cape, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7495.
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Magister Artium (Psychology) - MA(Psych)The focus of this thesis is preschool teachers' talk about childhood sexualities. A literature review of empiricist, psychoanalytic, feminist, social constructionist and post-structural approaches to childhood sexuality suggests that it is a marginalized research topic. Moreover, emphasis tends to fall on the problems associated with childhood sexuality, rather than regarding it as part of everyday life. In this study, I facilitated a focus group discussion with eight preschool teachers. The complexities of analyzing a text produced by participants with multiple identities are acknowledged: The discussion was hinged around vignettes and questions about childhood sexuality, and was transcribed into a written text. Using discourse analysis, I explore some of the 'taken-for-granted' assumptions about childhood sexuality, within 15 extracts from the text. I argue that multiple, paradoxical constructions of childhood sexuality position children 'astride a dangerous dividing line', which can be read on many levels. This unstable positioning both creates and is created by multiple discourses of 'taking charge'. The discourses of 'taking charge' impel preschool teachers to police 'dangerously' sexual children and protect 'innocent' children from corruption. These discourses are gendered: girl children are constructed as more vulnerable to corruption; boy children tend to be constructed with 'sexdrives' needing to be tamed; and adult women are constructed as the monitors of childhood sexuality. Furthermore, silences or taboos about childhood sexuality are integral to these discourses. Although there are hints of childhood agency, I suggest that the teachers themselves have limited access to or use for feminist and other liberatory discourses. More subtle resistance may be evident in many examples of laughter in the text. While this is project situated on the margins of psychology, by virtue of its subject, epistemology and methodology, I conclude by discussing various limitations .
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Rafanell, Irene. "The sexed and gendered body as a social institution : a critical reconstruction of two social constructionist models : Bourdieu's theory of habitus and the performative theory of social institutions." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27229.
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By highlighting the embedded forms of social life contemporary debates in Social Sciences have made it necessary to newly explore two major binary oppositions, that of nature and society and structure and individual. In the current atmosphere of tension between constructivist and materialistic positions, it is fundamental to offer detailed analysis and definition of these core issues. The aim of this thesis is to explore new understandings of social constructionist accounts by focusing on sex/gender identity and critically comparing two constructionist views: Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice and its core notion of habitus, and The Performative Theory of Social Institutions, the social theory of the Strong Programme, (a sociology of scientific knowledge developed by Barnes, Bloor). The Performance Theory claims that the realm of the ‘social’ is the result of the constitutive nature of self-referential performing practices (verbal or otherwise). Its basic tenet that social life is a collective achievement, that is, the result of the continuing realignment among individuals which occurs in the interactive, and its emphasis on the performative nature of the individuals’ self-referential inductive inferences, stands in stark contrast with that of Bourdieu’s notion of the stability of the habitus as the internalization of pre-existing macro-structures. I argue that whereas Bourdieu’s novelty is that he locates social effects at the level of the body, his theory, by envisaging this socialization as a Parsonian model of early internalization resulting in permanent fixidity, suffers from a macro-structuralist bais of ‘externality’. The Performance Theory, although not specifically concerned with the body, provides an analytical framework which resolves Bourdieu’s tacit reification of the ‘social’. By introducing Kusch’s notion of Artificial Kinds, closely connected with the main tenets of the performative theory of social institution, I develop a definition of an embodied habitus as a ‘social institution’, that is, as the result of the constitutive power of the dispositions, as a self-referential collective achievement, and to achieve a more accomplished synthesis of the dualisms individual/structure and nature/society.
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Neuenschwander, Sara. "THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF CLAIMS-MAKING: BAHAMIAN ANGLERS VS. NON-RESIDENT SPORTS-FISHERMEN." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3857.
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On January 1, 2007, the Ministry of Agriculture and Marine Resources in the Department of Marine Resources of the Bahamas promulgated significant revisions to their sports-fishing regulations. While the new laws were designed to benefit the Bahamian fisheries, they caused a vociferous uproar among non-resident anglers who frequent the islands of the Bahamas to sports-fish. Of particular concern are the new regulations that limit the maximum weight and number of fish which non-resident anglers may keep on their boat. My research examines the claims-making activities made by American anglers on four different sports-fishermen/cruising forums. The analysis focuses on the motifs, rhetorical idioms, counterrhetorical strategies, and styles among sports-fishermen who fish the Bahamas.M.A.
Department of Sociology
Sciences
Applied Sociology MA
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Wang, Fang. "A social constructionist analysis of the discourse of mental depression in British and Chinese news : a corpus-based study." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4678/.
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This thesis investigates the social construction of an increasingly relevant aspect of social life, namely mental depression, in British and Chinese news media over the last two decades, aiming at delivering a contribution to people’s understanding of the link between discourse and the social reality of depression. A discourse is understood as the totality of all the texts that have been produced within a particular discourse community. The special discourse analysed consists of two diachronic corpora including articles in which the lexical item depression or 抑郁症 (yiyuzheng, ‘depression’) occurs in British and Chinese national newspapers from 1984 to 2009. Corpus analysis is complemented by a targeted paraphrase analysis of the paraphrastic content expressed in the context of relevant keywords. My findings suggest that in the British corpus, there has been a circular movement in the construction of the meanings of depression, swinging between a psychological problem that needs psychotherapy and a biochemical condition that needs pharmaceutical intervention. The Chinese corpus constructs ‘抑郁症’ (yiyuzheng, ‘depression’) as a problem that is normally caused by external social factors, and therefore psychological support and improvement of the social environment have been represented as more helpful than medical treatment.
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Boahen, Godfred Fordjour. "Ethnicity, learning disability, and the Mental Capacity Act 2005 : a social constructionist ethnography of an integrated learning disability service." Thesis, Open University, 2013. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54718/.
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This thesis explores how the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA) is operationalised within an integrated statutory learning disability service and examines how the legislation is manifested in everyday lived experience of an ethnic minority. In England and Wales, the MCA established a framework for assessing cognitive decision-making ability with mental capacity conceptualised as 'objective', 'rational' and person-specific. Taking as points of departure rationality and individualism which are associated with Western liberal democracy, the MCA evokes interest in how the notion of mental capacity is understood within different cultures. In the statutory context, with on-going heated debates about the epistemology of mental capacity, there is the need to examine how professionals concretise an arguably nebulous concept in their roles. These aforementioned issues are addressed in this thesis through examination of data collected during two phases of ethnographic fieldwork in a London local authority. Proposing a new relational model as a theoretical approach, it is argued that ethnicity, learning disability, and mental capacity emanate from human interactions; therefore, greater attention should be paid to context and localised meanings to better understand how they interact in everyday living.
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Nebbe, Marrianne Barbara. "Exploring the reasons white middle-class women remain childfree in the South African context : a feminist social constructionist study." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29172.
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In this study I qualitatively explore how women who choose not to have children account for this choice in the South African context. I consider the reasons for women to remain childfree and the changing discourses of femininity that enable women to make the choice not to have children. I am also concerned with the possible implications of this choice for women’s interpersonal relationships. This study is conducted from a feminist social constructionist framework. Dominant discourses of femininity revolve around motherhood, which is considered to be the most important role. Motherhood is believed to be a “natural” identity. Mothers are highly regarded in most societies; they are perceived to be devoted to the care of others and to be self-sacrificing. Although most societies consider motherhood to be an essential feature of femininity, it can also cause ambivalent feelings and not all women wish to take on the role of motherhood. The number of women who choose to remain childfree is growing in various societies. Women increasingly have the power to choose whether they want to remain childfree. Through resisting discourses that meld femininity with motherhood, childfree women create alternative discourses that have the potential to change constructions of femininity. I used feminist social constructionism to endeavour to understand the ways in which women’s realities inform their decision not to have children. I also explore how society serves to either problematise or promote this decision. Finally, I attempt to gain a deeper understanding of how being female and childfree impacts on women’s beliefs about themselves. Interview data from semi-structured interviews conducted with women who choose to remain childfree are analysed using thematic analysis. The women interviewed were white and middle class and were found via convenience and snowball sampling. The women participating in the study report various reasons for remaining childfree. Freedom from childcare responsibility and the resulting greater opportunity for self3 fulfilment is shown to be one of the strongest reasons for remaining childfree. Other important reasons include unequal labour division in the family, concerns about the physical aspects of childbirth and recovery, life partners’ acceptance of the choice to remain childfree as well as early socialising experiences. Other reasons cited less frequently include the negative impact of childrearing on women’s emotional well-being, concerns regarding the overpopulation of the planet and a general dislike of children. Two of the themes identified in the text are not evident in the existing literature. The first of these relates to the fact that the women participating in the study do not regard motherhood as the central feature of femininity. Instead, they tend to associate femininity with the act of nurturing, rather than with the act of mothering. These women are able to strongly identify with the female role, as they do not believe that choosing to remain childfree conflicts with their female gender role. The second theme relates to the belief that the world is an evil or unsafe place and that it is therefore better to remain childfree. This belief appears to be context dependent and is based on the women’s perceptions of the crime situation in South Africa. This study contributes to the expansion of the existing literature concerning childfree women, specifically within the South African context. The findings of the research support the findings of previous studies and offer a fresh perspective through the identification of new themes. By exploring reasons women cite for remaining childfree, I argue that some women refute motherhood. The challenging of the dominant discourse that “all women are mothers” is aimed at changing the dialogue about women and thus altering existing dominant discourses. CopyrightDissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Psychology
unrestricted
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Meiklejohn, Judith Ann. "The role of physical activity in the lives of people with lymphoedema following cancer treatment : a social constructionist study." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/49853/1/Judith_Meiklejohn_Thesis.pdf.
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Lymphoedema is a chronic condition predominantly affecting the limbs, although it can involve the trunk and other areas of the body. It is characterised by swelling due to excess accumulation of fluid in body tissues. Secondary lymphoedema, which arises following cancer treatment, is the more common form of lymphoedema in developed countries. At least 20% of those diagnosed with the most common cancers will develop lymphoedema. This is a concern in Australia as incidence of these cancers is increasing. Cancer survival rates are also increasing. Currently, this equates to 9 300 new cases of secondary lymphoedema diagnosed each year. Considerable physical and psychosocial impacts of lymphoedema have been reported and its subsequent impact on health-related quality of life can exacerbate other side effects of cancer treatment. Exercise following cancer treatment has been shown to significantly reduce the impact of treatment side effects, improve quality of life and physical status. While participating in exercise does not increase risk nor exacerbate existing lymphoedema, reductions in incidence of lymphoedema exacerbations and associated symptoms have been observed in women participating in regular weight lifting following breast cancer treatment. Despite these benefits, lymphoedema prevention and management advice cautions people with lymphoedema against „repetitive use. or „overuse. of their affected arm. It is possible that this advice creates a barrier to participation in physical activity; however, little is known about the relationship between physical activity and lymphoedema. In addition, the majority of studies examining the experiences of people living with lymphoedema and the impact of the condition have been predominantly conducted internationally and have focused on women following breast cancer. This study sought to explore firstly, how men and women construct their experience of living with lymphoedema following treatment for a range of cancers in the context of everyday life in Australia; and secondly, to analyse the role of physical activity in the lives of those living with lymphoedema following cancer treatment. A social constructivist grounded theory approach was taken to explore these objectives as it is acknowledged that human actions and the meanings associated with these actions are influenced by the interaction between the self and the social world. It is also acknowledged that the research process itself is a social construction between the researcher and participant. Purposive sampling techniques were used to recruit a total of 29 participants from a variety of sources. Telephone interviews and focus groups were conducted to collect data. Data were concurrently collected and analysed and analysis was conducted using the constant comparative method.
The core category that developed in objective one was „sense of self‟. The self was defined by perceptions participants held of themselves and their identity prior to a lymphoedema diagnosis and changes to their perceptions and identity since diagnosis. Three conceptual categories which related to each other and to „sense of self‟ were developed through the process of coding that represented the process of how participants constructed their experiences living with secondary lymphoedema in the context of everyday life. Firstly, altered normalcy reflected the physical and psychosocial changes experienced and the effect it had on their lives. Secondly, „accidental journey‟ reflected participants‟ journey with the heath care system prior to diagnosis through to longer term management. Thirdly, renegotiating control revealed participants perceived control over lymphoedema and their ability to participate in daily activities previously enjoyed. These findings revealed the failure of the broader health system to recognise the significant and chronic nature of a lymphoedema diagnosis following cancer treatment with greater understanding, knowledge and support from health professionals being needed. The findings also reveal access to health professionals trained in lymphoedema management, a comprehensive approach encompassing both physical and psychosocial needs and provision of practical and meaningful guidelines supported by scientific evidence would contribute to improved treatment and management of the condition.
The key findings for objective two were that people with lymphoedema define physical activity in different ways. Physical activity post-diagnosis was perceived as important by most for a variety of reasons ranging from everyday functioning, to physical and psychosocial health benefits. Issues relating to the impact of lymphoedema on physical activity related to the impact on peoples‟ ability to be physically active, confusion about acceptable forms of physical activity and barriers that lymphoedema presented to being physically active. A relationship between how people construct their experiences with lymphoedema and the role of physical activity was also established. The contribution of physical activity to the lives of people living with lymphoedema following cancer treatment appeared to be influenced by their sense of self as socially constructed through their experiences prior to diagnosis and following diagnosis with lymphoedema. The influence of pre-lymphoedema habits, norms and beliefs suggests the importance of effective health promotion messages to encourage physical activity among the general population and specific messages and guidelines particular to the needs of those diagnosed with lymphoedema following cancer treatment. The influence of participant.s social constructions on the lymphoedema experience highlights the importance of improving interactions between the overall health care system and patients, providing a clear treatment plan, providing evidence-based and clear advice about participation in appropriate physical activity, which in doing so will limit the physical and psychosocial effect of lymphoedema and providing comprehensive physical and psychosocial support to those living with the condition and their families. This study has contributed to a deep understanding of people.s experiences with lymphoedema following cancer treatment and the role of physical activity in the context of daily life in Australia. Findings from this study lead to recommendations for advocacy, a comprehensive approach to diagnosis, treatment and management, and specific areas for future research.
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Carroll, Julie-Anne. "My place through my eyes : a social constructionist approach to researching the relationships between socioeconomic living contexts and physical activity." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/27965/1/Julie-Anne_Carroll_Citation.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
There is a growing evidence-base in the epidemiological literature that demonstrates significant associations between people’s living circumstances – including their place of residence – and their health-related practices and outcomes (Leslie, 2005; Karpati, Bassett, & McCord, 2006; Monden, Van Lenthe, & Mackenbach, 2006; Parkes & Kearns, 2006; Cummins, Curtis, Diez-Roux, & Macintyre, 2007; Turrell, Kavanagh, Draper, & Subramanian, 2007). However, these findings raise questions about the ways in which living places, such as households and neighbourhoods, figure in the pathways connecting people and health (Frolich, Potvin, Chabot, & Corin, 2002; Giles-Corti, 2006; Brown et al, 2006; Diez Roux, 2007). This thesis addressed these questions via a mixed methods investigation of the patterns and processes connecting people, place, and their propensity to be physically active. Specifically, the research in this thesis examines a group of lower-socioeconomic residents who had recently relocated from poorer suburbs to a new urban village with a range of health-related resources. Importantly, the study contrasts their historical relationship with physical activity with their reactions to, and everyday practices in, a new urban setting designed to encourage pedestrian mobility and autonomy. The study applies a phenomenological approach to understanding living contexts based on Berger and Luckman’s (1966) conceptual framework in The Social Construction of Reality. This framework enables a questioning of the concept of context itself, and a treatment of it beyond environmental factors to the processes via which experiences and interactions are made meaningful. This approach makes reference to people’s histories, habituations, and dispositions in an exploration between social contexts and human behaviour. This framework for thinking about context is used to generate an empirical focus on the ways in which this residential group interacts with various living contexts over time to create a particular construction of physical activity in their lives. A methodological approach suited to this thinking was found in Charmaz’s (1996; 2001; 2006) adoption of a social constructionist approach to grounded theory. This approach enabled a focus on people’s own constructions and versions of their experiences through a rigorous inductive method, which provided a systematic strategy for identifying patterns in the data. The findings of the study point to factors such as ‘childhood abuse and neglect’, ‘early homelessness’, ‘fear and mistrust’, ‘staying indoors and keeping to yourself’, ‘conflict and violence’, and ‘feeling fat and ugly’ as contributors to an ongoing core category of ‘identity management’, which mediates the relationship between participants’ living contexts and their physical activity levels. It identifies barriers at the individual, neighbourhood, and broader ecological levels that prevent this residential group from being more physically active, and which contribute to the ways in which they think about, or conceptualise, this health-related behaviour in relationship to their identity and sense of place – both geographic and societal. The challenges of living well and staying active in poorer neighbourhoods and in places where poverty is concentrated were highlighted in detail by participants. Participants’ reactions to the new urban neighbourhood, and the depth of their engagement with the resources present, are revealed in the context of their previous life-experiences with both living places and physical activity. Moreover, an understanding of context as participants’ psychological constructions of various social and living situations based on prior experience, attitudes, and beliefs was formulated with implications for how the relationship between socioeconomic contextual effects on health are studied in the future. More detailed findings are presented in three published papers with implications for health promotion, urban design, and health inequalities research. This thesis makes a substantive, conceptual, and methodological contribution to future research efforts interested in how physical activity is conceptualised and constructed within lower socioeconomic living contexts, and why this is. The data that was collected and analysed for this PhD generates knowledge about the psychosocial processes and mechanisms behind the patterns observed in epidemiological research regarding socioeconomic health inequalities. Further, it highlights the ways in which lower socioeconomic living contexts tend to shape dispositions, attitudes, and lifestyles, ultimately resulting in worse health and life chances for those who occupy them.
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Carroll, Julie-Anne. "My place through my eyes : a social constructionist approach to researching the relationships between socioeconomic living contexts and physical activity." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/27965/.
Full textAbstract:
There is a growing evidence-base in the epidemiological literature that demonstrates significant associations between people’s living circumstances – including their place of residence – and their health-related practices and outcomes (Leslie, 2005; Karpati, Bassett, & McCord, 2006; Monden, Van Lenthe, & Mackenbach, 2006; Parkes & Kearns, 2006; Cummins, Curtis, Diez-Roux, & Macintyre, 2007; Turrell, Kavanagh, Draper, & Subramanian, 2007). However, these findings raise questions about the ways in which living places, such as households and neighbourhoods, figure in the pathways connecting people and health (Frolich, Potvin, Chabot, & Corin, 2002; Giles-Corti, 2006; Brown et al, 2006; Diez Roux, 2007). This thesis addressed these questions via a mixed methods investigation of the patterns and processes connecting people, place, and their propensity to be physically active. Specifically, the research in this thesis examines a group of lower-socioeconomic residents who had recently relocated from poorer suburbs to a new urban village with a range of health-related resources. Importantly, the study contrasts their historical relationship with physical activity with their reactions to, and everyday practices in, a new urban setting designed to encourage pedestrian mobility and autonomy. The study applies a phenomenological approach to understanding living contexts based on Berger and Luckman’s (1966) conceptual framework in The Social Construction of Reality. This framework enables a questioning of the concept of context itself, and a treatment of it beyond environmental factors to the processes via which experiences and interactions are made meaningful. This approach makes reference to people’s histories, habituations, and dispositions in an exploration between social contexts and human behaviour. This framework for thinking about context is used to generate an empirical focus on the ways in which this residential group interacts with various living contexts over time to create a particular construction of physical activity in their lives. A methodological approach suited to this thinking was found in Charmaz’s (1996; 2001; 2006) adoption of a social constructionist approach to grounded theory. This approach enabled a focus on people’s own constructions and versions of their experiences through a rigorous inductive method, which provided a systematic strategy for identifying patterns in the data. The findings of the study point to factors such as ‘childhood abuse and neglect’, ‘early homelessness’, ‘fear and mistrust’, ‘staying indoors and keeping to yourself’, ‘conflict and violence’, and ‘feeling fat and ugly’ as contributors to an ongoing core category of ‘identity management’, which mediates the relationship between participants’ living contexts and their physical activity levels. It identifies barriers at the individual, neighbourhood, and broader ecological levels that prevent this residential group from being more physically active, and which contribute to the ways in which they think about, or conceptualise, this health-related behaviour in relationship to their identity and sense of place – both geographic and societal. The challenges of living well and staying active in poorer neighbourhoods and in places where poverty is concentrated were highlighted in detail by participants. Participants’ reactions to the new urban neighbourhood, and the depth of their engagement with the resources present, are revealed in the context of their previous life-experiences with both living places and physical activity. Moreover, an understanding of context as participants’ psychological constructions of various social and living situations based on prior experience, attitudes, and beliefs was formulated with implications for how the relationship between socioeconomic contextual effects on health are studied in the future. More detailed findings are presented in three published papers with implications for health promotion, urban design, and health inequalities research. This thesis makes a substantive, conceptual, and methodological contribution to future research efforts interested in how physical activity is conceptualised and constructed within lower socioeconomic living contexts, and why this is. The data that was collected and analysed for this PhD generates knowledge about the psychosocial processes and mechanisms behind the patterns observed in epidemiological research regarding socioeconomic health inequalities. Further, it highlights the ways in which lower socioeconomic living contexts tend to shape dispositions, attitudes, and lifestyles, ultimately resulting in worse health and life chances for those who occupy them.
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Timberlake, Omar. "A social constructionist informed thematic analysis of male clinical psychologists' experience of working with female clients who have experienced abuse." Thesis, University of East London, 2015. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/4774/.
Full textAbstract:
This research sought to explore how male clinical psychologists talked about their experiences of working with women who have experienced abuse and whether such gender difference in the context of therapeutic work problematized them or had implications for their practice and subjective experiences. Eight male clinical psychologists were recruited and interviewed using a conversational style and co-constructed interview schedules. All participants had experience of working with clients who had experienced abuse and were working in the National Health Service (NHS) in a variety of different settings, which included psychosis teams, child services and learning disability services. The data corpus was analysed using a social constructionist thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) also informed by the work of Michel Foucault (1972), set within critical realist ontology. From the analysis two main themes were generated (Gender difference in trauma work; Male clinical psychologists’ perspectives in the wider context) and six sub-themes (Male clinical psychologist as associated with the abuser; Gender difference as therapeutic; Female clinical psychologists as problematized by gender; Supervision and peer support; Service constraints; Maleness as a minority in clinical psychology). These themes represented the various ways from their accounts in which the participants were problematized in their work with female clients who had experienced abuse. These themes highlighted the various difficulties and constraints placed upon participants in their work with female clients and with the wider discipline, particularly in regards to a lack of support in addressing issues of gender difference and accessing suitable spaces to talk about their experiences. These themes also showed the different ways in which they are constrained by a lack of available discourses that legitimises their experiences and perspectives as men in the wider field of clinical psychology. The research recommends the importance of creating safe spaces for the consideration of gender difference and for this to also be included in clinical psychology training.
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Fredman, Glenda Robyn. "A systemic constructionist approach to the therapeutic relationship and emotion : practical theory for psychotherapy and consultation." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/244263.
Full textAbstract:
This paper discusses how I have made an original contribution to the field of family therapy and systemic practice in relation to three themes: the therapeutic relationship; working with emotions in therapy, and self-reflexivity in practice. I track how these three themes have developed in the course of my research and clinical practice between 1983 and 2008 and then go on to show how I have developed these themes into an original 'practical theory' that has broader application to the field of family therapy and systemic consultation. I put forward eight publications, focusing on my two books, 'Death Talk: Conversations with Children and Families' (Fredman, 1997) and 'Transforming Emotion: Conversations in Counselling and Psychotherapy' (Fredman, 2004). I show how my original contributions to the field of family therapy theory and systemic practice take forward the following issues debated in the field in the past ten years: systemic therapy's theorising of the therapeutic relationship; -the use of cybernetics, psychoanalysis and social constructionism in systemic family therapy; -the relationship between modern and postmodern approaches in the field of family therapy; -the relationship between theory and practice.
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McDonald, Susan Ellen. "Improving numeracy: Co-constructing a whole-school numeracy plan in a secondary school." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16618/3/Susan%20McDonald%20Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Numeracy is a cross-curricular priority, an intersystemic priority and, of late, a federal government priority. Yet as a priority "numeracy" is inadequately defined and the term is used to describe a wide-range of notions. Many educators are unsure of what constitutes numeracy, unaware of how it differs from mathematics, and uncertain as to how its demands may be met in their planning and teaching. Secondary schools have few models upon which to develop a whole-school numeracy plan. This study describes the journey of a secondary school staff as they developed a shared understanding of numeracy, identified the numeracy demands throughout the curriculum and planned for a whole-school approach to address these demands.
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McDonald, Susan Ellen. "Improving numeracy: co-constructing a whole-school numeracy plan in a secondary school." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16618/.
Full textAbstract:
Numeracy is a cross-curricular priority, an intersystemic priority and, of late, a federal government priority. Yet as a priority "numeracy" is inadequately defined and the term is used to describe a wide-range of notions. Many educators are unsure of what constitutes numeracy, unaware of how it differs from mathematics, and uncertain as to how its demands may be met in their planning and teaching. Secondary schools have few models upon which to develop a whole-school numeracy plan. This study describes the journey of a secondary school staff as they developed a shared understanding of numeracy, identified the numeracy demands throughout the curriculum and planned for a whole-school approach to address these demands.
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Perion, Jennifer J. "The Effect of the Reciprocal Nature of Friendship on the Experience of Malignant Social Psychology in Community Dwelling Persons with Mild to Moderate Dementia." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1461757449.
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