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Journal articles on the topic 'Social defence of population'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Samborska, Oksana. "Efficiency of Social Protection of the Rural Population in the United Territorial Community." European Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 3 (2020): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n3p333.

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Social defense exists in the developed countries of the world long time, and a large value is spared to the special attitude toward national minorities. The necessity of social defence purchased wide application in the end XIX and beginning of XX of century, includes the different types of defence of citizens in case of temporal loss of capacity for diverse reasons, unemployment, professional diseases, industrial accidents, pension system. This system is the complex of socio-economic and legal guarantees of every citizen of country. Social defence of population is called to create the normal t

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Jongepier, Evelien, Isabelle Kleeberg, Sylwester Job, and Susanne Foitzik. "Collective defence portfolios of ant hosts shift with social parasite pressure." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1791 (2014): 20140225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0225.

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Host defences become increasingly costly as parasites breach successive lines of defence. Because selection favours hosts that successfully resist parasitism at the lowest possible cost, escalating coevolutionary arms races are likely to drive host defence portfolios towards ever more expensive strategies. We investigated the interplay between host defence portfolios and social parasite pressure by comparing 17 populations of two Temnothorax ant species. When successful, collective aggression not only prevents parasitation but also spares host colonies the cost of searching for and moving to a

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Mahortov, Yuri, and Nataliya Telichko. "Innovative approaches to improving the management system in the sphere of social protection of the population." Problems of Innovation and Investment Development, no. 17 (December 4, 2018): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33813/2224-1213.17.2018.01.

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The system of social’s defence of population is considered as object of state administration. Basic problems in her structure are educed under the prism of foreign experience of the European countries. The ways of reformation and realization of state administrations of the social defense’s system of population in Ukraine and development of effective mechanism of its management are offer.

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Petrov, Tatjana, Matej Hajnal, Julia Klein, David Šafránek, and Morgane Nouvian. "Extracting individual characteristics from population data reveals a negative social effect during honeybee defence." PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 9 (2022): e1010305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010305.

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Honeybees protect their colony against vertebrates by mass stinging and they coordinate their actions during this crucial event thanks to an alarm pheromone carried directly on the stinger, which is therefore released upon stinging. The pheromone then recruits nearby bees so that more and more bees participate in the defence. However, a quantitative understanding of how an individual bee adapts its stinging response during the course of an attack is still a challenge: Typically, only the group behaviour is effectively measurable in experiment; Further, linking the observed group behaviour with

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Greenhalgh, Susan. "Missile Science, Population Science: The Origins of China's One-Child Policy." China Quarterly 182 (June 2005): 253–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741005000184.

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This article traces the origins of China's one-child-for-virtually-all policy to Maoist militarism and post-Mao military-to-civilian conversion. Focusing on the work of Song Jian, leading missile scientist and scientific architect of the strict one-child policy, it shows how during 1978–80 the resources of defence science and the self-confidence of the elite scientist enabled him boldly and arbitrarily to modify the work of the Club of Rome and use that Sinified cybernetics of population to redefine the nation's population problem, create a radical one-child-for-all solution to it, and persuad

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Pollard, Rebecca, and Claire Ferguson. "Intimate partner violence within Australian Defence Force families: an exploratory study." Journal of Gender-Based Violence 4, no. 2 (2020): 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/239868020x15850130841880.

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International studies indicate a growing problem of intimate partner violence within military families. Despite this, there has been little research into intimate partner violence perpetrated by Australian Defence Force personnel or veterans. A thematic analysis of secondary data was conducted to explore the organisational and social drivers that influence intimate partner violence occurrences by Australian Defence Force personnel, and how the Australian Defence Force enforces its zero-tolerance policy on domestic violence perpetration. Results revealed that the Australian Defence Force and De

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Mladenović, Milica, and Nenad Komazec. "The management of the civil defence system of the Republic of Serbia: Situation and problems." Vojno delo 74, no. 5 (2022): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojdelo2205029m.

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The role of the civil defence system of the Republic of Serbia comes to full expression in the modern world full of various sources, forms and holders of threats. Endangerment is manifested through increasing challenges, risks and threats to security, which, without any doubt, cannot be countered only by the human and material resources of the Serbian Armed Forces. The Republic of Serbia has to develop its civil defence in accordance with the characteristics of the global, regional and local environment and its internal circumstances, opportunities and needs. The civil defence system of the Re

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Relinque-Medina, Fernando, Manuela Ángela Fernández-Borrero, and Octavio Vázquez-Aguado. "Elections and Segregation of the Foreign Population in Andalusia." Migraciones. Publicación del Instituto Universitario de Estudios sobre Migraciones, no. 51 (May 7, 2021): 269–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14422/mig.i51y2021.010.

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The reality of migration is a global challenge to today’s societies, posing social, economic and political challenges. In recent years, a politicisation of these issues is being observed, leading to “anti-immigrant” political discourses and the defence of ethnocentric and assimilationist values. This has led to an increase in support for populist radical right political formations, which was reflected in Spain in the last elections with the irruption of VOX in April 2019, increasing their support in November 2019. Faced with this situation, the media, networks and social researchers have linke

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9

Mączka, Andrzej. "The Civilian Population Towards the Polish-Soviet War in the Light of the Provincial National Defence Committe's Documentation in Lublin (1920–1921)." Res Historica 57 (October 22, 2024): 1327–46. https://doi.org/10.17951/rh.2024.57.1327-1346.

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The Provincial National Defence Committee in Lublin was an extremely important institution for enabling cooperation between the army and the civilian population. Their documents have been preserved and are kept in the State Archives in Lublin. Similar organisations functioned in many Polish cities but unfortunately the archival materials concerned their activities have been preserved only partially or not at all. That’s why, treating the documentation of the Committee in Lublin as a model one is fully justified. The files of the Provincial National Defence Committee in Lublin are very importan

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10

Roleders, V., and G. Kukel. "PROBLEMS OF FINANCING OF SPHERE OF SOCIAL DEFENCE OF POPULATION IN UKRAINE AND WAYS OF THEIR OVERCOMING." Investytsiyi: praktyka ta dosvid, no. 10 (May 31, 2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32702/2306-6814.2019.10.49.

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Campesi, Giuseppe, and Giulia Fabini. "Immigration Detention as Social Defence: Policing ‘Dangerous Mobility’ in Italy." Theoretical Criminology 24, no. 1 (2019): 50–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362480619859350.

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Drawing on an empirical study, this article explores the role of immigration detention in Italy by analysing the way a specific rhetoric of ‘dangerousness’ has developed and is being used within the framework of immigration enforcement policies. Our argument is that immigration detention has been transformed into an instrument of crime prevention and ‘social defence’, and that this transformation is fuelled by the central position that the legal categories of ‘risk’ and ‘danger’ have assumed in the regulation of the return procedure. The article contends that immigration law enforcement agenci

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Kaur, Rajbir, Marah Stoldt, Evelien Jongepier, et al. "Ant behaviour and brain gene expression of defending hosts depend on the ecological success of the intruding social parasite." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1769 (2019): 20180192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0192.

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The geographical mosaic theory of coevolution predicts that species interactions vary between locales. Depending on who leads the coevolutionary arms race, the effectivity of parasite attack or host defence strategies will explain parasite prevalence. Here, we compare behaviour and brain transcriptomes of Temnothorax longispinosus ant workers when defending their nest against an invading social parasite, the slavemaking ant Temnothorax americanus . A full-factorial design allowed us to test whether behaviour and gene expression are linked to parasite pressure on host populations or to the ecol

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Dudzevičiūtė, Gitana, Svajone Bekesiene, Ieva Meidute-Kavaliauskiene, and Galina Ševčenko-Kozlovska. "An Assessment of the Relationship between Defence Expenditure and Sustainable Development in the Baltic Countries." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (2021): 6916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126916.

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As geopolitical instability increases and new threats emerge, a number of countries are increasing their respective allocations for defence expenditure in order to take greater responsibility for their citizens in terms of defending and protecting their values and way of life. Small states such as Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia must evaluate certain economic, political, and strategic factors when increasing their respective defence expenditure. While they do tend to increase expenditure on national defence matters, budgetary constraints often force them to cut funding in some civilian domains

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14

Ruiz-González, Mario X., Yannick Moret, and Mark J. F. Brown. "Rapid induction of immune density-dependent prophylaxis in adult social insects." Biology Letters 5, no. 6 (2009): 781–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0505.

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The innate immune system provides defence against parasites and pathogens. This defence comes at a cost, suggesting that immune function should exhibit plasticity in response to variation in environmental threats. Density-dependent prophylaxis (DDP) has been demonstrated mostly in phase-polyphenic insects, where larval group size determines levels of immune function in either adults or later larval instars. Social insects exhibit extreme sociality, but DDP has been suggested to be absent from these ecologically dominant taxa. Here we show that adult bumble-bee workers ( Bombus terrestris ) exh

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Magliocca, Florence, Sophie Quérouil, and Annie Gautier-Hion. "Grouping patterns, reproduction, and dispersal in a population of sitatungas (Tragelaphus spekei gratus)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 2 (2002): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-224.

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A population of sitatungas (Tragelaphus spekei gratus) living in a forest swamp clearing, Maya Nord, in the Republic of Congo was studied over 3½ years and its grouping patterns and population dynamics were analysed. The sitatungas in this clearing formed a stable group, which remained in residence. The group (1636 individuals) functioned like a harem. As a result of intrasexual competition, all the males and some of the females born at Maya left the group before reaching sexual maturity. We hypothesize that this large grouping resulted from the development of a tendency for females to be gre

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Best, Alex, Steve Webb, Andy White, and Mike Boots. "Host resistance and coevolution in spatially structured populations." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1715 (2010): 2216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1978.

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Natural, agricultural and human populations are structured, with a proportion of interactions occurring locally or within social groups rather than at random. This within-population spatial and social structure is important to the evolution of parasites but little attention has been paid to how spatial structure affects the evolution of host resistance, and as a consequence the coevolutionary outcome. We examine the evolution of resistance across a range of mixing patterns using an approximate mathematical model and stochastic simulations. As reproduction becomes increasingly local, hosts are

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Hall, Jonathan, Carolin Rapp, and Terje Andreas Eikemo. "Does Individual Health Have Implications for Individuals’ Attitudes towards Minority Groups? A Case Study from the Greek Population." Journal of Refugee Studies 32, Special_Issue_1 (2019): i238—i252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fez043.

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Abstract Immunological defence against pathogens and behavioural responses to members of other ethnic or racial groups may be understood as co-evolved solutions to a commonly recurring adaptive problem in our ancestral environment: the need to avoid infectious disease. In recent years, research on the concept of the behavioural immune system has highlighted behavioural defence, showing in particular that individual-level disgust sensitively is associated with greater prejudice towards members of other—particularly stigmatized—social groups. Stigma thus represents in part a human disease-avoida

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18

Shpiliarevych, Viktoriia, Tomasz Kośmider, and Bogusław Jagusiak. "CIVIL DEFENCE BUILDINGS IN UKRAINE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF MARTIAL LAW." International Journal of Legal Studies ( IJOLS ) 14, no. 2 (2023): 573–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.2781.

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The article studies civil defence buildings in Ukraine in martial law conditions. As a result of the military invasion of the territory of Ukraine by the Russian Federation, which took place on 24 February 2022, the need has increased to guarantee the structural and personal security. The entities providing civil protection in Ukraine are the State Emergency Service of Ukraine, whose activities are directed and coordinated by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine through the Minister of Internal Affairs, the Council of Ministers of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, local state administrations,

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19

Tian, Mo. "The Baojia System as Institutional Control in Manchukuo under Japanese Rule (1932-45)." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 59, no. 4 (2016): 531–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341407.

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The baojia system was a Chinese mechanism of social control in rural areas. The Japanese authorities revived this system in the villages of Manchuria in the mid-1930s. The baojia system placed the villages under the control of the state by registering population, organising village defence corps and instituting internal surveillance. The baojia system also functioned as a source of revenue for the state. This article examines the structural characteristics of the baojia system and the way it was implemented in practice. It argues that the baojia system as a tool for social control served the t

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Mishchuk, Halyna, Natalia Samoliuk, Vita Krol, and Laszlo Vasa. "Social integration of internally displaced persons in Ukraine: Perceptions from IDPs vs. the host population." Economics & Sociology 17, no. 4 (2024): 61–81. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2024/17-4/4.

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he social integration of internally displaced persons in Ukraine is analysed based on 5 dimensions of social integration: economic, political and religious, social, socio-psychological, and integration into cultural and sports life. The study was conducted using a nationally representative sociological survey of internally displaced persons (500 respondents) and the population of host communities (850 respondents). Differences in the perception of integration are investigated based on comparing the assessments of internally displaced persons and the population of the host communities. The high

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Bailey, Nathan W., Brian Gray, and Marlene Zuk. "Exposure to sexual signals during rearing increases immune defence in adult field crickets." Biology Letters 7, no. 2 (2010): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0659.

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Increased investment in immunity is expected to be beneficial under crowded conditions because of the greater risk of pathogen and parasite transmission, but the evolution of this facultative response relies on the ability to accurately assess social cues in the environment and adjust immune defences accordingly. Because of their highly conspicuous nature, long-range sexual signals are prime candidates to be used in evaluating the social conditions likely to be experienced upon adulthood in continuously breeding species; however, their role in mediating immune responses is unknown. We tested w

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Steinbach, Gabi, Cristian Crisan, Siu Lung Ng, Brian K. Hammer, and Peter J. Yunker. "Accumulation of dead cells from contact killing facilitates coexistence in bacterial biofilms." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 17, no. 173 (2020): 20200486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2020.0486.

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Bacterial communities are governed by a wide variety of social interactions, some of which are antagonistic with potential significance for bacterial warfare. Several antagonistic mechanisms, such as killing via the type VI secretion system (T6SS), require killer cells to directly contact target cells. The T6SS is hypothesized to be a highly potent weapon, capable of facilitating the invasion and defence of bacterial populations. However, we find that the efficacy of contact killing is severely limited by the material consequences of cell death. Through experiments with Vibrio cholerae strains

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M Baillie, Hector. "Obesity: a clinician’s perspective." Journal of Obesity and Fitness Management 1, no. 1 (2023): 01–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.58489/2836-5070/005.

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I am sometimes referred to as a medicine/geriatric specialist, but I credit geriatricians with a lot more smarts with the elderly (osteoporosis, cognitive decline, movement limitations, social interaction) than I do. But I might call myself an internal medicine/metabolic syndrome doctor, given the size and shape of my referral population. In Roman times, it was a sign of success and wealth to be overweight. I remember seeing a statue on top of a sarcophagus (of the occupant), who in life was clearly obese. It was also a defence against disease and famine, which were unpredictable in occurrence

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Ciekanowski, Zbigniew, Sylwia Krawczyńska, Julia Nowicka, and Henryk Wyrębek. "Communication as an Element of Personal Security." Polish Political Science Yearbook 52, no. 2 (2023): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202316.

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The study refers to the role of building relations between the direct supervisor and employee teams, indicating the opportunities and threats resulting from conducting selected aspects of internal communication in the so-called uniformed organisations. The authors draw attention to the roles of communication competencies and their social overtones, seeing in these elements both opportunities and threats to the involvement of employees in the performance of official tasks, as well as their readiness to deepen relations with their direct superior. The presented results of empirical research conc

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Terziev, Venelin, and Simeon Simeonov. "PROTECTION OF VULNERABLE POPULATION IN BULGARIA." Knowledge International Journal 33, no. 1 (2019): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3301053t.

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Social policy as a set of principles, legal norms, activities and institutions, aimed at creating conditions that ensure the quality of life of the citizens of a country, is an expression of the social relations between the state and its citizens. Social policy determines safety (social, health, economic) and security of the individuals in society.Social policy should be seen as an activity that guarantees the security of those affected by the risks of labour, family and life. In a broader sense, social policy regulates a very broad range of social relationships that relate to employment, inco

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Portela i Valls, S., M. J. Viñals, and G. Muñoz Cosme. "ACTIONS FOR THE ENHANCEMENT OF HERITAGE. THE CASE OF THE TOWN WALLS OF MORELLA (CASTELLÓN, SPAIN)." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 877–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-877-2020.

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Abstract. Morella is an archetypical medieval town that is home to many heritage buildings, protected by fortified walls and crowned by an imposing castle. Located in a mountainous area, this town is one of only four examples in the Valencian Region (Spain) that retain the entire defence perimeter. This defence heritage has been decisive not only in shaping the urban layout of the town, but also in the local lifestyle and traditions of the place: living inside the walls means being protected from the weather, but also inhabiting a limited environment and having social and cultural connotations

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Abbute, Wolde-Selassie. "The Socio-Economic Role and Status of Handicraftsmen among the Kambaata of Southern Ethiopia." Aethiopica 4 (June 30, 2013): 96–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.4.1.492.

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Although traditional handicraftsmen play an indispensable economic and socio-cultural role within the society, they have been marginalized and segregated by the peasant population in southern Ethiopia. The handicraftsmen produce a wide range of production, household consumption and defence tools and implements. Besides, they have an important socio-cultural role as ritual performers, initiators, drummers, musicians, entertainers, operators, professional mourners, traditional medical experts, etc. during several social life events. However, despite their important role in multiple contexts, the

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Schulenburg, Hinrich, Joachim Kurtz, Yannick Moret, and Michael T. Siva-Jothy. "Introduction. Ecological immunology." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1513 (2008): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0249.

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An organism's fitness is critically reliant on its immune system to provide protection against parasites and pathogens. The structure of even simple immune systems is surprisingly complex and clearly will have been moulded by the organism's ecology. The aim of this review and the theme issue is to examine the role of different ecological factors on the evolution of immunity. Here, we will provide a general framework of the field by contextualizing the main ecological factors, including interactions with parasites, other types of biotic as well as abiotic interactions, intraspecific selective c

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Chugunov, Igor, Valyntina Makogon, Mykhailo Titarchuk, Nataliya Savchenko, Natalia Husarevich, and Iryna Adamenko. "FINANCIAL AND BUDGETARY PROVISION OF SOCIAL PROTECTION OF THE POPULATION OF UKRAINE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE STATE OF MARTIAL." Financial and credit activity problems of theory and practice 4, no. 57 (2024): 446–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.55643/fcaptp.4.57.2024.4432.

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In the conditions of war, there is a need to improve the system of financial and budgetary provision of social protection and to develop an appropriate strategy, which will become the basis for reforming this system. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the system of financial and budgetary support for the social protection of the population of Ukraine in conditions of war and to justify the strategic tasks of the financial and budgetary policy of the state regarding its improvement. Applied methods: scientific generalization and abstraction, complex analysis, dialectical, sampling, economi

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Memarian, Azadeh, Seyed Hossein Moosavinezhad Baboli, and Hanieh Saboori Shekofteh. "Insanity defence in bipolar patients at the time of committing murder according to Iranian law: Case studies." Medico-Legal Journal 88, no. 1 (2019): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025817219876548.

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Bipolar disorder is a chronic, relapsing illness characterised by recurrent episodes of manic or depressive symptoms, with intervening periods that are relatively (but not fully) symptom-free. Studies have found higher rates of psychiatric disorders in homicide offenders than in the general population. The insanity defence is a legal construct that, under some circumstances, excuses defendants with mental illness from legal responsibility for criminal behaviour. Here we report two cases of family murder by the mother of the family caused by bipolar disease. The role of the forensic psychiatris

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Baranowska, Aneta. "Demographics – Development – Security: The Impact of Negative Demographic Trends on the Security of Poland in the 21st Century." Athenaeum Polskie Studia Politologiczne 79, no. 3 (2023): 141–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/athena.2023.79.07.

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The aim of this article is the characterization of the demographic trends taking place in Poland and the attempt to answer the question: how do they influence the security of the country? The conducted analyses of Statistics Poland and Eurostat data show that over the last few decades in Poland, the intensification and the accumulation of the following negative demographic trends can be observed: 1) a population decline, 2) an increasing number of older people (including so-called double ageing), and 3) changes in the structure of the population age. The above demographic processes determine t

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M. R., Subodh, Narendranath V., and Nanda Kumar B. S. "Role of tertiary care institutions for preventive activities for positive health: an exploratory study among defence and civilian health care facilities of Bangalore." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 10 (2017): 3596. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20174170.

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Background: Health sector in India is facing several challenges. These can be attributed to population, poverty, illiteracy, poor social indices, poor patient to hospital ratio and inadequate government spending. Preventive activities for positive health by the various tertiary care institutions play a crucial role in mitigating some of the problems. The study was undertaken to assess the preventive services for positive health among tertiary care institutions of defence and civilian HCFs in Bangalore. Methods: Study was conducted by interacting with the key respondents of defence, government

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Killingback, Timothy, Jonas Bieri, and Thomas Flatt. "Evolution in group-structured populations can resolve the tragedy of the commons." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 273, no. 1593 (2006): 1477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.3476.

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Public goods are the key features of all human societies and are also important in many animal societies. Collaborative hunting and collective defence are but two examples of public goods that have played a crucial role in the development of human societies and still play an important role in many animal societies. Public goods allow societies composed largely of cooperators to outperform societies composed mainly of non-cooperators. However, public goods also provide an incentive for individuals to be selfish by benefiting from the public good without contributing to it. This is the essential

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Rushton, Ruth, and K. Lynch. "Development of alcohol treatment for UK military personnel." Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 165, no. 2 (2018): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2018-001050.

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The consumption of alcohol in the UK Armed Forces (AF) as ‘an agent to assist cohesion and informal operational debriefing’ is a social and psychological conceptualisation that has some empirical support. Indisputable data exist to suggest that high levels of alcohol misuse and related problems are prevalent among UK AF. Recent research indicates that the overall level of hazardous alcohol consumption remains high in the UK military, with little evidence of reduced consumption over time. Meanwhile, risky drinking in the general population appears to be decreasing. This paper describes work to

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Barr, Epsy Campbell, and Michael Marmot. "Leadership, social determinants of health and health equity: the case of Costa Rica." Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 44 (December 30, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2020.139.

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Costa Rica has long been a country of special interest in the Americas and in global health because of its good health. The United Nations Development Programme ranks countries according to their level of human development based on life expectancy, education and national income. Although Costa Rica is ranked at 63 and classified as ‘High’, in terms of health it belongs in the ‘Very High’ group. In 2018 mean life expectancy for the ‘Very High’ countries was 79.5, while in Costa Rica it was 80. In 2018, under five mortality was 8.8/1000 live births, lower than countries ranked in the ‘Very High’

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Jancowski, Kevin, and Stan Orchard. "Stomach contents from invasive American bullfrogs Rana catesbeiana (= Lithobates catesbeianus) on southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada." NeoBiota 16 (March 13, 2013): 17–37. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.16.3806.

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Invasive alien American bullfrog populations are commonly identified as a pernicious influence on the survival of native species due to their adaptability, proliferation and consequent ecological impacts through competition and predation. However, it has been difficult to determine conclusively their destructive influence due to the fragmentary and geographically dispersed nature of the historical database. An expanding meta-population of invasive American bullfrogs, <i>Rana catesbeiana </i>(<i>= Lithobates catesbeianus</i>), became<i> </i>established on southern Vancouver Island, British Colu

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Graw, Beke, Bart Kranstauber, and Marta B. Manser. "Social organization of a solitary carnivore: spatial behaviour, interactions and relatedness in the slender mongoose." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 5 (2019): 182160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.182160.

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The majority of carnivore species are described as solitary, but little is known about their social organization and interactions with conspecifics. We investigated the spatial organization and social interactions as well as relatedness of slender mongooses ( Galerella sanguinea ) living in the southern Kalahari. This is a little studied small carnivore previously described as solitary with anecdotal evidence for male associations. In our study population, mongooses arranged in spatial groups consisting of one to three males and up to four females. Male ranges, based on sleeping sites, were la

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Snakin, Valeriy. "POPULATION DYNAMICS: PATTERNS, MECHANISMS, CHALLENGES, REGULATION OPPORTUNITIES." LIFE OF THE EARTH 44, no. 2 (2022): 202–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m3028.0514-7468.2022_44_2/202-212.

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The article presents an attempt to compare, in a first approximation, the natural patterns of the dynamics of the number of populations of biological species with the dynamics of the human population. Social factors and mechanisms of population reproduction in various regions are considered. The possibilities of population regulation and the effectiveness of state demographic policies are discussed. The study emphasizes the mechanisms of self-defense developed in the course of evolution and manifest in the global trend of declining fertility, due to the approach of critical population density,

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Henzi, S. Peter, Hallam Payne, and Michael Lawes. "Competition and the Exchange of Grooming Among Female Samango Monkeys (Cercopithecus Mitis Erythrarchus)." Behaviour 140, no. 4 (2003): 453–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853903322127931.

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AbstractCurrent socioecological models argue that multi-female primate groups engaging in co-operative, between-group resource competition (BGC), should have egalitarian social relations that promote cohesion among group members, while those that experience strong within-group competition (WGC) should exhibit nepotistic and despotic social behaviour (van Schaik, 1989; Sterck et al., 1997). Here we investigate the idea that very slight WGC can have strong effects on social relationships, even in 'egalitarian' populations, and that individual responses to ecological conditions may vary among gro

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Zaburanna, Lesia. "State Budget Execution under Martial Law." Oblik i finansi, no. 4(106) (2024): 36–43. https://doi.org/10.33146/2307-9878-2024-4(106)-36-43.

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In martial law conditions, the needs are different, and accordingly, budget policy priorities regarding the direction of budget funds change dramatically. The issues of defending the country, forming funds to support internally displaced persons, and providing humanitarian aid become paramount. Therefore, the need to find additional sources of budget funding and objectively review budget indicators, both in terms of income and expenditure, becomes more acute. This article aims to analyze the features of the mobilization and use of funds from the state budget of Ukraine in conditions of war, pa

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Gole, Swapnali, Sumit Prajapati, Nehru Prabakaran, Jeyaraj Antony Johnson, and Kuppusamy Sivakumar. "Herd Size Dynamics and Observations on the Natural History of Dugongs (Dugong dugon) in the Andaman Islands, India." Aquatic Mammals 49, no. 1 (2023): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1578/am.49.1.2023.53.

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In the last four decades, dugong (Dugong dugon) aggregations have been rarely reported from the geographically isolated, vast seascape of the Andaman Islands, India. The Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, hunting, coastal development, and habitat loss are the major causes of this change in the social system of dugongs in the Andaman Islands. Our long-term monitoring study (2017 to 2022) reveals a changing trend in aggregating behaviour of dugongs. In an inclusive, collaborative effort, we engaged multiple stakeholders using two approaches: (1) creating a spatially spread citizen science network tar

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Chystokletov, Leontiі. "National police as a component of the security and defence sector in countering russian aggression in Ukraine." Visnik Nacional’nogo universitetu «Lvivska politehnika». Seria: Uridicni nauki 10, no. 37 (2023): 208–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/law2023.37.208.

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Based on theoretical and legal analysis, the article summarizes the peculiarities of police activity as a component of the security and defence sector during the period of russian aggression. It has been proved that despite the full-scale undeclared criminal invasion, the Armed Forces of Ukraine, with the strong financial and military support of Western partners, are victoriously overcoming the resistance of the russian occupiers and are carrying out a systematic counter-offensive against the "world's second victorious russian army", and at the same time, heroically destroying the enemy's mili

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Kolář, Ondřej. "K průběhu henleinovského povstání na Osoblažsku a ve Městě Albrechticích v září 1938." Historica. Revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy 13, no. 2 (2022): 142–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15452/historica.2022.13.0007.

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The study describes and analyses the progress of the pro‑Nazi uprising of the German population of the Osoblažsko promontory and the city of Albrechtice in September 1938. The research is primarily based on the records from the post‑war Czechoslovak investigation and then on German sources from the period of Nazi occupation. Attention is paid to the social and professional structure of the insurgent leadership as well as the role of imperial institutions. The study also seeks to analyse the relationships between the components of the insurgent apparatus (party leadership, local public official

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Freeman, Daniel, and Bao Sheng Loe. "Explaining paranoia: cognitive and social processes in the occurrence of extreme mistrust." BMJ Mental Health 26, no. 1 (2023): e300880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2023-300880.

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BackgroundParanoia—incorrectly thinking that others are deliberating trying to harm you—causes distress, undermines social interactions and leads to withdrawal. It presents across multiple psychiatric diagnoses.ObjectiveThe primary aim was to determine the extent that cognitive and social processes may explain paranoia. The secondary aim was to identify explanatory factors that distinguished paranoia and social anxiety.Methods10 382 UK adults, quota sampled to match the population for age, gender, ethnicity, income and region, participated in a non-probability survey. All participants complete

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Candolin, Ulrika, and Iina Tukiainen. "The sexual selection paradigm: have we overlooked other mechanisms in the evolution of male ornaments?" Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1816 (2015): 20151987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1987.

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Extravagant male ornaments expressed during reproduction are almost invariably assumed to be sexually selected and evolve through competition for mating opportunities. Yet in species where male reproductive success depends on the defence of offspring, male ornaments could also evolve through social competition for offspring survival. However, in contrast to female ornaments, this possibility has received little attention in males. We show that a male ornament that is traditionally assumed to be sexually selected—the red nuptial coloration of the three-spined stickleback—is under stronger selec

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Gałuszka, Mieczysław. "“Greying population”: Economic, social, and ethical appreciation of old age." Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym 21, no. 5 (2018): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.21.5.01.

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As the population is growing older, sociologists and economists are becoming more interested in analyzing this phenomenon. There are two paradigms for interpreting old age. The first one points to excluding old people from social and economic life. It is argued that there should be a balance between activities and possibilities of old people. The other paradigm points to the social, political and economic activities of old people until the end of their lives. It emphasizes their life experience and competencies. The article presents new processes and socio-cultural phenomena that refer to seni

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Terek, Lidija. "Portrayal of youth violence in domestic cinematography over the past five decades." Sociologija 67, no. 1 (2025): 133–55. https://doi.org/10.2298/soc2501133t.

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This paper aims to examine changes in the characteristics of violent behaviour among young people and societal reactions to it as depicted in domestic cinematography over the past five decades, focusing particularly on the impact of the social circumstances of the 1990s. A qualitative content analysis of four domestic films and two TV series revealed significant differences in the portrayal of violence before and after the wars in the former SFR Yugoslavia. Works released after the 1990s portray violence as normalised and ubiquitous among youth from all social backgrounds, with society and ins

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Polonchuk, V., and V. Mazur. "CONTENTS OF THE TECHNOLOGY FOR SIMULATING THE OPERATIONAL SERVICE ACTIVITIES OF THE BORDER GUARD IN THE CONDITIONS OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS OF A TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTER DURING A SPECIAL PERIOD." Scientific journal of the National Academy of National Guard "Honor and Law" 3, no. 86 (2023): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33405/2078-7480/2023/3/86/287079.

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Modern society is experiencing changes, the causes of which are global transformations in the geopolitical, economic, technological, information and communication spheres and are tangential to every social institution. Mainly according to all social indicators of civilizational development, Ukraine continues to be on a dangerous border. Domestic scientists and practitioners believe that overcoming the systemic crisis in Ukraine is possible through the reformatting of society. Successful modernization is the basis of the dynamic and democratic progress of the state. Such a situation necessitate

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Ivanov, Andrii, Vadym Pienov, Yurii Shyrobokov, Olha Makarevych, and Nataliia Bondar. "Ensuring Social Security and State Stability in Wartime Conditions: Mechanisms and Strategies." Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review 5, no. 1 (2025): e03923. https://doi.org/10.47172/2965-730x.sdgsreview.v5.n01.pe03923.

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Objective: The research will investigate the procedures for providing social protection in armed conflict. Theoretical Framework: Among the significant factors that define social security, the study defines legal defence, economic security, social security through the availability of necessary social services, and physical security of the people. Method: The research methods include operations with legal documents, the comparison of the research with the data of the experience of other countries, the analysis of the content of articles, and statistical and systematic analysis. Results and Disc

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Pennings, Helena Josefina Maria, Charelle Bottenheft, Gillian C. Van de Boer-Visschedijk, and Hester Elisabeth Stubbé. "Judging informal learning interventions: a vignette study." Journal of Workplace Learning 32, no. 1 (2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jwl-02-2019-0027.

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Purpose Informal learning is seen as the most important way to acquire and develop the skills and competencies required for work. The Dutch Defence organisation (DDO) aims to use the opportunities for development of employees that informal learning offers better and is looking for suitable interventions. Four possible interventions to improve informal learning were developed, based on factors that influence informal learning. The purpose of this paper is to assess how Dutch Military personnel rate these interventions and to gather their opinions and preferences per intervention. Design/methodo

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