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Journal articles on the topic 'Social disorganization'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

FRYE, VICTORIA, and SUSAN WILT. "Femicide and Social Disorganization." Violence Against Women 7, no. 3 (March 2001): 335–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10778010122182479.

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Cancino, Jeffrey Michael, Sean Patrick Varano, Joseph A. Schafer, and Roger Enriquez. "The Effects of Social Disorganization." Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice 5, no. 1 (February 2007): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j222v05n01_01.

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3

Kindsvatter, Aaron, and Matthew Tansey. "Attachment Disorganization in Childhood." Family Journal 26, no. 2 (April 2018): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066480718775738.

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Attachment disorganization is a particularly severe form of attachment insecurity often associated with dysfunctional parent–child relationships. Attachment disorganization has highly variable presentations, often manifesting differently in infancy, early childhood, and in early and late adolescence. This article examines the developmental trajectory of children with attachment disorganization across the life span. The contribution of dysfunctional parenting to the manifestation of attachment disorganization is explored. Clinical methods designed for parents and parent–child dyads are discussed.
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Kubrin, Charis E., and Ronald Weitzer. "New Directions in Social Disorganization Theory." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 40, no. 4 (November 2003): 374–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427803256238.

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5

Kawachi, Ichiro, Bruce P. Kennedy, and Richard G. Wilkinson. "Crime: social disorganization and relative deprivation." Social Science & Medicine 48, no. 6 (March 1999): 719–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(98)00400-6.

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6

Crowley, Martha, and Daniel T. Lichter. "Social Disorganization in New Latino Destinations?" Rural Sociology 74, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 573–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1526/003601109789864026.

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Crowley, Martha, and Daniel T. Lichter. "Social Disorganization in New Latino Destinations?*." Rural Sociology 74, no. 4 (January 26, 2010): 573–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1549-0831.2009.tb00705.x.

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8

Cooper, Robert. "Organization/Disorganization." Social Science Information 25, no. 2 (June 1986): 299–335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/053901886025002001.

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Abrahamson, Eric. "Disorganization theory and disorganizational behavior: Towards an etiology of messes." Research in Organizational Behavior 24 (January 2002): 139–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0191-3085(02)24005-8.

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Pereira, Débora V. S., Caroline M. M. Mota, and Martin A. Andresen. "Social Disorganization and Homicide in Recife, Brazil." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 61, no. 14 (December 31, 2015): 1570–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x15623282.

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In this article, we investigate the determinants of homicide in Recife, Brazil, considering social disorganization theory. Using georeferenced homicide data, 2009-2013, and census data, we analyze homicide in Recife using a spatial regression technique that controls for spatial autocorrelation and heteroskedasticity at the census tract level. Overall, we find that homicide in Recife, Brazil, is characterized by social disorganization theory. Specifically, positive relationships are found for inequality, rented houses, and quantity of people, but negative relationships are found for income, literacy, percentage of married people, water supply, public illumination, the percentage of women responsible for the house, and population density. Overall, we find that social disorganization theory provides an instructive framework for understanding homicide in Recife, Brazil. However, there are specific contexts to Brazil that are different from North American contexts.
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Moriarty, Laura J. "Social Disorganization Theory, Community Empowerment, and Coalition Building: Exploring the Linkages." Criminal Justice Policy Review 6, no. 3 (September 1992): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088740349200600303.

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The linkages between social disorganization theory, community empowerment, and coalition building are explored in the present article in an effort to address alcohol and other drug problems within communities. Social disorganization is explained and the conceptualization and operationalization of the dimensions of social disorganization are discussed. Both community empowerment and coalition building, two processes used to reorganize a socially disorganized community, are explained. Specific examples from the police literature focusing on community empowerment are also discussed.
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C, Chidananda Swamy. "Family Disorganization - A Social Problem in Karnataka." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 8, S1-Feb (February 6, 2021): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v8is1-feb.3958.

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The Family is as a basic unit of society. According to August Comte family is a primary unit of the society. It a has link between individual and community. It is made up with parents and their children, who come from the same ancestor and living together in the same household. Family disorganization means breaking family relations, family crisis, bracken of marriage relationships, family dissolution, marital maladjustment, dissertation, separation, divorce etc,. It is called the conflict in marriage between family members. It is global problem. Marital conflict is inevitable and become part and parcel of life today but should handle carefully. Many disorganized people do not have the social stigma. The main reason for this is lack of adoption and understanding between couples. It effects on families parents, dependents and children. Some children from disorganized homes grow up to become social misfits and later graduate into delinquents and criminals. They may be maladjusted with people. According to Tim and Joy Downs in their book, The Seven Conflicts, couples who never learn how to effectively manage their conflicts begin a series of stages in their relationship that can ultimately destroy it.
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13

Akhiezer, Aleksandr. "Disorganization as a Category of Social Science." Sociological Research 35, no. 5 (September 1996): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/sor1061-0154350565.

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14

Piscitelli, Anthony, and Sean Doherty. "The social disorganization of intimate partner violence." Journal of Community Safety and Well-Being 4, no. 2 (August 12, 2019): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35502/jcswb.94.

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Recently, scholars have begun to recognize new theoretical connections between geography and intimate partner violence (IPV). One such theory is social disorganization theory (SDT). According to SDT, crime in communities can primarily be explained as a consequence of economic disadvantage, insufficient informal social control, lack of collective efficacy, and family breakdown. SDT is typically used in the context of property crime and public violence. This article reviews this evolving literature, proposing a unique and comprehensive concept map offering insights into how neighbourhood dynamics influence IPV.
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Mares, Dennis. "Social Disorganization and Gang Homicides in Chicago." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 8, no. 1 (August 13, 2009): 38–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204009339006.

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16

Vincentnathan, Lynn, and S. George Vincentnathan. "Social disorganization in a modernizing Dalit community." Social Science Journal 45, no. 4 (December 1, 2008): 565–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2008.09.001.

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Barton, Michael S., Bonnie Lynne Jensen, and Joanne M. Kaufman. "Social disorganization theory and the college campus." Journal of Criminal Justice 38, no. 3 (May 2010): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2010.02.010.

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Morgan, Rachel E., and Jana L. Jasinski. "Tracking Violence." Crime & Delinquency 63, no. 4 (July 10, 2016): 391–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128715625082.

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Social disorganization theory proposes that specific neighborhood characteristics contribute to an increase in crime rates. In a disorganized community, informal social controls are not present; therefore, crime and delinquency flourish. Researchers have focused on these measures of social disorganization and the ability to explain public crimes. Recently, researchers have focused their attention to characteristics of socially disorganized areas and their ability to predict private crimes, such as domestic violence. This study contributes to the research on domestic violence and its applicability to social disorganization theory by examining domestic violence in Chicago neighborhoods and Illinois counties. Results indicate that different measures of social disorganization are significantly associated with domestic violence at different units of analysis.
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19

Al-Emadi, Abdulqader A. "THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG ACHIEVEMENT, GOAL ORIENTATION, AND STUDY STRATEGIES." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 29, no. 8 (January 1, 2001): 823–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2001.29.8.823.

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The purpose of this study was to test a model of relations among goal orientation, study strategies and achievement. The model postulated that academic achievement and goal orientations are related where achievement is related positively to mastery and performance goals but related negatively to avoidance. The mastery goal was postulated as a positive predictor of deep processing but a negative predictor of disorganization; the performance goal was posited as a positive predictor of surface processing and deep processing and a negative predictor of disorganization. The performance avoidance goal was posited as a positive predictor of disorganization, but a negative predictor of deep processing and surface processing. As predicted, the mastery goal was a positive predictor of deep processing, the performance goal was a positive predictor of surface processing and avoidance was a positive predictor of disorganization. Achievement was a positive predictor of both surface processing and disorganization
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20

ROSE, DINA R., and TODD R. CLEAR. "INCARCERATION, SOCIAL CAPITAL, AND CRIME: IMPLICATIONS FOR SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION THEORY*." Criminology 36, no. 3 (August 1998): 441–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1998.tb01255.x.

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21

Cihan, Abdullah. "Social disorganization and police performance to burglary calls: a tale of two cities." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 37, no. 2 (May 13, 2014): 340–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-06-2013-0058.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the distribution of police response time to in-progress burglaries differ according to the level of social disorganization across different neighborhoods. Design/methodology/approach – Using 2006 calls for service data collected from the Dallas and Houston Police Departments and from the 2000 US Bureau of Census statistics, the effects of social disorganization on police performance were examined through multilevel analysis of the distribution of police response time patterns across different neighborhoods in Dallas and Houston. Findings – The analysis of the DPD and HPD in-progress calls produced somewhat consistent findings on the relationship between the level of social disorganization and police response time. Concentrated disadvantage, immigrant concentration, and residential stability are important predictors of the distribution of police response time patterns in Dallas and Houston. Practical implications – Neighborhood social disorganization is related to the distribution of agency response time patterns. Detailed response time analysis is crucial for agencies to improve police performance and the community-police relationship. Originality/value – In the policing literature, researchers have tended to neglect rapid response when examining many aspects of policing. The present study expands on existing research by examining the theoretical link between the level of neighborhood social disorganization with the distribution of rapid police response to in-progress burglary in two cities.
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22

Mustaine, Elizabeth Ehrhardt, Richard Tewksbury, Jay Corzine, and Lin Huff-Corzine. "Social Disorganization and Unfounded Sexual Assault Case Clearances." Violence and Victims 28, no. 1 (2013): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.28.1.90.

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Despite much research and policy development, it remains true that less than one half of all reported sexual assaults are cleared by arrest (Federal Bureau of Investigation [FBI], 2011). Compounding this issue, many sexual assaults are not cleared by an arrest, but rather by being classified as “unfounded” by law enforcement (Soulliere, 1994, 2005; Tellis & Spohn, 2008). Grounded in the social disorganization perspective, this article examines the relationships between case-related and extralegal community-level characteristics and use of the designation of unfounded by the police. Contrary to initial expectations, findings show that communities with higher levels of concentrated disadvantage, immigrant concentration, and residential instability are less likely to have sexual assaults deemed unfounded by law enforcement.
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23

Carlsen, Robert S. "Social Organization and Disorganization in Santiago Atitlan, Guatemala." Ethnology 35, no. 2 (1996): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3774074.

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24

Míguez, Daniel. "Social Disorganization and Neighborhood Crime in Argentine Shantytowns." International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 3 (September 22, 2014): 300–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2014.03.25.

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25

Alanezi, Fawaz. "Juvenile Delinquency in Kuwait: Applying Social Disorganization Theory." Digest of Middle East Studies 19, no. 1 (March 2010): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-3606.2010.00006.x.

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26

Fahey, Susan, and Gary LaFree. "Does Country-Level Social Disorganization Increase Terrorist Attacks?" Terrorism and Political Violence 27, no. 1 (December 9, 2014): 81–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2014.972156.

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27

Sampson, Robert J., and W. Byron Groves. "Community Structure and Crime: Testing Social-Disorganization Theory." American Journal of Sociology 94, no. 4 (January 1989): 774–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/229068.

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28

Vowell, Paul R., and Frank M. Howell. "Modeling delinquent behavior: Social disorganization, perceived blocked opportunity, and social control." Deviant Behavior 19, no. 4 (October 1998): 361–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639625.1998.9968095.

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29

C. Clubb, Audrey. "The corporation as a city." Journal of Financial Crime 21, no. 2 (April 29, 2014): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-04-2013-0023.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the social and structural relationships of the corporation, as these factors may or may not affect the prevalence and type of white-collar crimes committed within the organization. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, a social disorganization framework as a potential means to explain criminal behavior throughout the corporate hierarchy has been applied. Findings – This paper is conceptual in nature, providing discussion on the application of the principles of social disorganization theory and the concentric zone model, as well as future steps for evaluation. Originality/value – The application of the social disorganization framework may provide valuable insight into how the social and structural elements of the corporation can contribute to crime within the organization and suggest modifications for deterrence.
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Amalia, Anindita Fikri, and Redyanto Noor. "Family Disorganization of Konon Poetry in A Collection of Poems Perihal Gendis by Sapardi Djoko Damono (Study of Social and Ecocritism)." E3S Web of Conferences 317 (2021): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131703003.

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This research aims to describe, mention, and analyze the family disorganization in Konon poetry by Sapardi Djoko Damono. This research uses the library research method with the object of the study of Konon poetry and uses a sociological, literary approach. This research represents family disorganization in the Konon poetry by Sapardi Djoko Damono was caused by several reasons. Based on these causes, family disorganization has resulted in an imbalance of roles in the family, which will impact affection for children. Furthermore, there was found discovered the reasons for her family disorganization there are divorce, infidelity, and lack of good communication between family members.
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Goodson, Amanda, and Leana A. Bouffard. "The Rural/Urban Divide: Examining Different Types of Assault Through a Social Disorganization Lens." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 17-18 (May 29, 2017): 3530–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517711179.

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Most studies of social disorganization theory focus on urban communities. In addition, these studies largely ignore more intimate crimes, such as intimate partner violence. Yet, results from extant studies are often generalized to explain all types of crime in all types of communities, thus potentially ignoring the dynamics surrounding intimate crimes and rurality. The current study expands on previous research in two ways. First, this study examines whether characteristics of social disorganization can predict assault across various victim–offender relationships. Second, this study applies social disorganization predictors to both metropolitan (or urban) and nonmetropolitan (or rural) counties. The sample consisted of 690 counties located across 13 different states. Results from the Poisson regression models indicate higher levels of ethnic heterogeneity and concentrated disadvantage were associated with increased rates of assault across various victim–offender relationships. Furthermore, the measures of social disorganization functioned in the expected direction in both metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties. These results highlight the importance of controlling for community structures when examining rates of violence, including intimate partner violence. Programs and policies designed to reduce intimate partner violence should include neighborhood components as these affect rates of violence within a community.
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Minor, K. S., J. A. Willits, M. P. Marggraf, M. N. Jones, and P. H. Lysaker. "Measuring disorganized speech in schizophrenia: automated analysis explains variance in cognitive deficits beyond clinician-rated scales." Psychological Medicine 49, no. 3 (April 25, 2018): 440–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291718001046.

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AbstractBackgroundConveying information cohesively is an essential element of communication that is disrupted in schizophrenia. These disruptions are typically expressed through disorganized symptoms, which have been linked to neurocognitive, social cognitive, and metacognitive deficits. Automated analysis can objectively assess disorganization within sentences, between sentences, and across paragraphs by comparing explicit communication to a large text corpus.MethodLittle work in schizophrenia has tested: (1) links between disorganized symptoms measured via automated analysis and neurocognition, social cognition, or metacognition; and (2) if automated analysis explains incremental variance in cognitive processes beyond clinician-rated scales. Disorganization was measured in schizophrenia (n = 81) with Coh-Metrix 3.0, an automated program that calculates basic and complex language indices. Trained staff also assessed neurocognition, social cognition, metacognition, and clinician-rated disorganization.ResultsFindings showed that all three cognitive processes were significantly associated with at least one automated index of disorganization. When automated analysis was compared with a clinician-rated scale, it accounted for significant variance in neurocognition and metacognition beyond the clinician-rated measure. When combined, these two methods explained 28–31% of the variance in neurocognition, social cognition, and metacognition.ConclusionsThis study illustrated how automated analysis can highlight the specific role of disorganization in neurocognition, social cognition, and metacognition. Generally, those with poor cognition also displayed more disorganization in their speech—making it difficult for listeners to process essential information needed to tie the speaker's ideas together. Our findings showcase how implementing a mixed-methods approach in schizophrenia can explain substantial variance in cognitive processes.
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Walton, Emily. "“It's Not Just a Bunch of Buildings”: Social Psychological Investment, Sense of Community, and Collective Efficacy in a Multiethnic Low–Income Neighborhood." City & Community 15, no. 3 (September 2016): 231–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12189.

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This analysis of social life in a poor, multiethnic public housing neighborhood presents an opportunity for refinement of social disorganization theory. Drawing on data from interviews, focus groups, and participant observations among residents, I find that this neighborhood exhibits substantial collective efficacy, despite social disorganization theory's predictions that the structural conditions of high poverty and racial and ethnic diversity result in low collective efficacy. I explicate two social psychological investment strategies—sense of ownership and symbolic representation—that appear to facilitate a sense of community and ultimately collective efficacy, helping to explain this apparent anomaly. I argue that even in the presence of structural disadvantage, having a strong sense of community provides a basis for beneficial action on behalf of the collective because it constitutes a source of shared expectations about values and norms in the neighborhood. These findings suggest refinements to the social disorganization framework, but also provide foundational ideas for policy interventions that may improve the social lives of residents in disadvantaged neighborhoods.
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WARNER, BARBARA D. "THE ROLE OF ATTENUATED CULTURE IN SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION THEORY*." Criminology 41, no. 1 (February 2003): 73–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2003.tb00982.x.

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Piscitelli, Anthony, and Sean Doherty. "Connecting social disorganization to broken windows and routine activities." Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien 62, no. 4 (May 4, 2018): 589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cag.12468.

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Hill, J., P. Pilkonis, J. Morse, U. Feske, S. Reynolds, H. Hope, C. Charest, and N. Broyden. "Social domain dysfunction and disorganization in borderline personality disorder." Psychological Medicine 38, no. 1 (September 25, 2007): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291707001626.

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BackgroundSocial dysfunction in personality disorder is commonly ascribed to abnormal temperamental traits but may also reflect deficits in social processing. In this study, we examined whether borderline and avoidant personality disorders (BPD, APD) may be differentiated by deficits in different social domains and whether disorganization of social domain functioning uniquely characterizes BPD.MethodPatients were recruited from psychiatric clinics in Pittsburgh, USA, to provide a sample with BPD, APD and a no-personality disorder (no-PD) comparison group. Standardized assessments of Axis I and Axis II disorders and social domain dysfunction were conducted, including a new scale of ‘domain disorganization’ (DD).ResultsPervasive social dysfunction was associated with a 16-fold increase in the odds of an Axis II disorder. Both APD and BPD were associated with elevated social dysfunction. Romantic relationship dysfunction was associated specifically with BPD symptoms and diagnosis. DD was associated specifically with a categorical BPD diagnosis and with a dimensional BPD symptom count.ConclusionsA focus on the inherently interpersonal properties of personality disorders suggests specific mechanisms (within and across interpersonal domains) that may help to account for the origins and maintenance of some disorders. In particular, BPD reflects disturbances in romantic relationships, consistent with a role for attachment processes, and in the organization of functioning across social domains.
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Mosher, Clayton. "Predicting Drug Arrest Rates: Conflict and Social Disorganization Perspectives." Crime & Delinquency 47, no. 1 (January 2001): 84–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128701047001004.

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Using 1989 data on illegal drug possession and trafficking arrests and socioeconomic data from the 1990 census, this article presents a series of models of drug arrest rates for a sample of U.S. cities. Comparing predictions derived from social disorganization and conflict theories, the models demonstrate that the racial composition of these cities, even while controlling for economic deprivation variables, is the strongest predictor of drug arrest rates. In addition, and also consistent with conflict theory, a measure of police force strength exerts a significant positive effect on trafficking arrest rates.
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SIGLER, ROBERT T. "Social Disorganization on Bimini: Impact of the Drug Trade." International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice 11, no. 1-2 (January 1987): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01924036.1987.9688862.

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Hayes-Smith, Justin, and Rachel Bridges Whaley. "Community Characteristics and Methamphetamine Use: A Social Disorganization Perspective." Journal of Drug Issues 39, no. 3 (July 2009): 547–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204260903900305.

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Martínez, Ramiro, Richard Rosenfeld, and Dennis Mares. "Social Disorganization, Drug Market Activity, and Neighborhood Violent Crime." Urban Affairs Review 43, no. 6 (July 2008): 846–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087408314774.

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Braga, Anthony A., and Ronald V. Clarke. "Social Disorganization, Crime Opportunities, and The Criminology of Place." Jerusalem Review of Legal Studies 15, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 12–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrls/jlx002.

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42

Shen, Jen-Li, and Martin A. Andresen. "A Tale of Two Theories: Whither Social Disorganization Theory and the Routine Activities Approach?" Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 63, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.2021-0013.

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Social disorganization theory and the routine activities approach have been extensively applied separately as theoretical frameworks for the spatial analysis of crime, with general support. As hypothetical explanations for complex social phenomena, criminological theories can impact how studies are framed and how the crime problem is approached. Thus, it is important to evaluate theories continuously in various geographical, as well as contemporary contexts. This study uses both theories in tandem to examine their ability to explain 2016 property crime in Vancouver, Canada, using 2016 census data. Both theories found moderate support. Of particular note is that all of the variables designated as proxies for ethnic heterogeneity in social disorganization theory were either not statistically significant or negative, consistent with the immigration and crime literature. Additionally, almost all variables, when statistically significant, were found to have consistent results across crime types. These results bode well for the continued use of social disorganization theory and the routine activity approach in spatial analyses of crime.
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Hygen, Beate Wold, Ismail Cuneyt Guzey, Jay Belsky, Turid Suzanne Berg-Nielsen, and Lars Wichstrøm. "Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype moderates the effect of disorganized attachment on social development in young children." Development and Psychopathology 26, no. 4pt1 (June 10, 2014): 947–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579414000492.

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AbstractChildren with histories of disorganized attachment exhibit diverse problems, possibly because disorganization takes at least two distinctive forms as children age: controlling–punitive and controlling–caregiving. This variation in the developmental legacy of disorganization has been attributed primarily to variations in children's rearing experiences. Here an alternative explanation of these divergent sequelae of disorganization is evaluated: one focused on genotype. Structural equation modeling was applied to data on 704 Norwegian children to test whether the catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype moderates the effect of disorganized attachment, which was measured dimensionally at 4 years of age using the Manchester Child Attachment Story Task, on changes in aggressive behavior and social competence from ages 4 to 6. Children who scored high on disorganization and were homozygous for the valine allele displayed significantly greater increases in aggression and decreases in self-oriented social skills (e.g., self-regulation and assertiveness) over time than did their disorganized counterparts carrying the methionine allele, whereas disorganized children carrying the methionine allele increased their other-oriented social skill (e.g., cooperation and responsibility) scores more than did valine-homozygous children. These results are consistent with the controlling–punitive and controlling–caregiving behaviors observed in disorganized children, suggesting that the children's genotype contributed to variations in the social development of disorganized children.
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Van Wyk, Judy A., Michael L. Benson, Greer Litton Fox, and Alfred DeMaris. "Detangling Individual-, Partner-, and Community-level Correlates of Partner Violence." Crime & Delinquency 49, no. 3 (July 2003): 412–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128703049003004.

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This article attempted to identify neighborhood- partner- and individual-level factors that may lead to male-to-female partner violence. The relevant dimensions of community context were derived from social disorganization theory that indicates that disorganized areas lack formal and informal controls that inhibit street violence. Social disorganization theory predicts that there is a higher rate of violence and social isolation in disorganized areas. At the individual level, women who experience less social support will more likely be victimized by partner violence. This article investigates the direct and interactive effects of social disorganization measures and variables from social support theories on male-to-female partner violence. The data come from Wave 2 of the National Survey of Families and Households completed in 1994 and from the 1990 census. Logistic regression was used to assess variation in the independent and dependent variables between and within neighborhood types. Results indicate that neighborhood effects interact with partner- and individual-level characteristics for a more complete explanation for male-to-female partner violence.
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Rocca, P. "Disorganization and Social Cognition: Data from the Italian Network of Research on Psychoses." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S39—S40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.180.

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Social cognition (SC) refers broadly to the domains of cognitive functions that are employed in socially relevant situations. These disturbances have been found to be strongly related to disorganized and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Each of the disorganization symptoms suggests a diminishment or absence of organization. There seems to be a loss of the ability to be directed toward or committed to a particular focal topic or goal. Such conditions are likely to impact patients’ drives or motivations to initiate goal-directed activities that could yield pleasurable opportunities. Moreover, it has been suggested that disorganized symptoms are an integral link in cognitive pathways, with connections between cognitive processes weakening as disorganized symptoms increase. Thus, it seems that when disorganized symptoms are present, people with schizophrenia are no longer able to effectively utilize the neurocognitive abilities necessary for performing social cognitive or metacognitive tasks. It is also in line with models of disorganization in schizophrenia (Bleuler, 1911) that a “loosening of associations”—similar to current conceptualizations of disorganized symptoms—is at the core of these cognitive disruptions. Previous research has linked disorganization to cognition (neurocognition and SC) and cognition to social functioning, although in separate studies. The present study was conducted to explore a model, where disorganization predicted social functioning both directly both through indirect effects on other determinants (neurocognition, SC and negative symptoms) in a large, and well-characterized sample of patients with schizophrenia recruited in the context of a multi-center study of the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses (NIRP).Disclosure of interestThe author declares that he has no competing interest.
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Lash, S., and P. Bagguley. "Labour Relations in Disorganized Capitalism: A Five-Nation Comparison." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 6, no. 3 (September 1988): 321–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d060321.

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A critique of the ‘Regulation School's' account of the development of ‘post-Fordist’ patterns of industrial relations is presented. An alternative account of the ‘disorganization’ of capitalist social relations is presented with particular emphasis on the role of agents of disorganization of labour relations, It is shown through a comparative analysis of recent developments in industrial relations in Sweden, West Germany, France, Great Britain, and the United States of America that the particular patterns of disorganization will vary depending on whether capital, labour, or the state has most influence over the process of restructuring.
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Barone, Lavinia, and Alessandra Frigerio. "Qualitŕ della disorganizzazione nelle rappresentazioni mentali d'attaccamento delle madri: uno studio pilota nell'ambito del maltrattamento." MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL'INFANZIA, no. 3 (September 2009): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mal2009-003005.

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- Objective: this study focuses on the investigation of disorganized attachment in a group of maltreating mothers in order to identify potential risk factors of abusive parenting. Method: A sample of 10 "maltreating" mothers and a control group matched by age and socio-economic status were recruited. Mothers' attachment mental representations were assessed using the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). The AAIs were coded by two different coding systems (i.e. Main et al. and Lyons-Ruth et al. systems) in order to fully investigate the disorganization of maternal states of mind. Results: Preliminary data show a significant percentage of disorganized attachment according to the new Hostile-Helpless classification system. Specifically, the hostile subtype was more frequent than other indicators of disorganization, thus showing potential implications related to abusive parenting.Key words: Adult Attachment Interview, disorganization, maltreatment, parenting.Parole chiave: Adult Attachment Interview, disorganizzazione, maltrattamento, genitorialitŕ.
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Pridemore, William Alex. "What We Know About Social Structure and Homicide: A Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature." Violence and Victims 17, no. 2 (April 2002): 127–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.17.2.127.33651.

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This article reviews what we have learned about social structure and homicide during the last 30 years, paying close attention to empirical tests of subculture, strain (both absolute and relative deprivation), and social disorganization theories. First, this review reveals that researchers have difficulty operationalizing culture in terms of values and instead often rely on regional location or group membership as a proxy for subculture. Though the findings relating subculture to homicide are inconsistent, however, culture should not be ignored. Second, the positive relationship between poverty and the spatial distribution of homicide rates is the most consistent finding in this literature, while empirical evidence of the effects of inequality on homicide is neither as strong nor as consistent. Finally, social disorganization is more consistent in explaining the variation of homicide rates than the subcultural and relative deprivation models, with elements of disorganization such as city size, family disruption, and heterogeneity all showing relatively consistent effects.
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Eun Yi, Kim. "Geographic Variation in Social Capital: Media, Government Expenditure, Cultural Capital, and Social Disorganization." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 23, no. 2 (April 30, 2009): 109–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps23206.

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This paper examines and empirically tests theories of media exposure, cultural capital, government intervention, and social disorganization to predict geographic variation in social capital nationally at the county scale of analysis. Secondary data are derived from Applied Geographic Solutions Inc., the U.S. Census Bureau`s Population and Housing Summary Tape Files and Census of Governments, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation`s Uniform Crime Reports. Geographic information systems, bivariate, and multivariate statistical methodologies are used. Results show that county social capital is partially formed by demographic structure, patterns of cultural engagement, government expenditure, media use, and residential settlement. Thus, social capital is made by a complex entanglement of factors with a clearly definable political and geographic logic.
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Mills, Colleen E. "A Common Target: Anti-Jewish Hate Crime in New York City Communities, 1995-2010." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 57, no. 6 (February 6, 2020): 643–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427820902832.

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Objectives: There is a growing body of macro-level studies examining hate crime. These studies however largely focus on ethnoracial hate crime, leading to a relative dearth of research investigating the etiology of anti-Jewish hate crime. The current study seeks to fill this gap by conducting a community-level analysis of anti-Jewish hate crime in New York City. Methods: Using data from the New York Police Department’s Hate Crimes Task Force, the current study employs a series of negative binomial regressions to investigate the impact of defended neighborhoods, social disorganization, and strain variables on anti-Jewish hate crime. Results: The results show that defended neighborhoods consistently predict higher levels of anti-Jewish hate crime in White, Black, and non-White neighborhoods even when accounting for social disorganization and strain variables. Results also demonstrate that anti-Jewish crime occurs in communities that are more socially organized and with better economic conditions. Conclusions: This study’s findings reveal Jewish victims to be a catchall target when a minority group increasingly moves into a majority area. These defended neighborhoods, and other findings have intriguing implications for both criminology’s social disorganization theory and the police and others charged with combatting bias crimes.
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