Academic literature on the topic 'Social Disqualification'

AbstractOur study explores the various forms of social regulation imposed on candidates for emigration in a Moroccan town. This system of judgments, based on a preliminary qualification/disqualification of the candidates at the outset, gives preference to long-term migration by according such emigrants high social prestige in their home country. Thus, to counter the stereotype of a miserable, isolated, and passive migrant, we offer the image of a strategic migrant, who has been “qualified” by local social authorities and who is aligned with a project of collective mobility.

Social and familial maladjustment is the inability to conform to a group's habits and norms and to participate in its activities and productions. The purpose of this study is to study the social representations of the social and familial maladjustment of adolescents and young people. This is a case study, using a mixed method essentially qualitative, set in a closed educational center in the Department of Littoral in Benin. The study concerned adolescents and young people admitted to the center and their referents. The respondents in the target population were all male and aged 10 to 23 with an average age of 18 years. The social representations of maladjustment, according to young people and their referents are similar. They concern social disqualification, inadequate educational attitudes, the absence of familial model, educational failure linked to adolescents or young people and mystical-religious representations. Adolescents and young people define themselves as deviants while their referents define them as delinquents. This create an insecurity feeling and a need to protect society. Adults have to integrate themselves earlier in the prevention of this phenomenon with the help and /or child psychiatrist lead.

Résumé Prenant son départ dans une réflexion sur la notion de classe sociale, cet article analyse l’histoire et l’évolution du syndicalisme eu égard à son lien avec une classe ouvrière qu’il a eu pour mission de représenter. La construction de deux paradigmes contraires, qui se sont succédé et qui font écho à différents changements sociaux, permet de mettre en relief et de sérier les problèmes identitaires qui affectent le syndicalisme, tant dans son rôle de régulation que dans son rôle de contestation. La remise en question de la représentation biclassiste de la société, qui a caractérisé tant la pensée marxiste et le projet social-démocrate que plusieurs courants d’analyse sociologique, jointe à la « disqualification » de la classe ouvrière comme principal acteur du changement social, témoigne de la nécessité de rethéoriser le syndicalisme selon une approche dialectique, seule capable de prendre en compte les contradictions multiples qui façonnent le fait syndical.

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Essa tese analisa a passagem de trabalhadores da condição de empregados assalariados, para o ingresso na condição de desproteção social do mercado informal do comercio nas ruas do centro de Salvador (Bahia), indagando até que ponto esse processo de deslocamento representa um percurso de “desqualificação social”, dada à precarização do trabalho e os estigmas tradicionalmente associados ao trabalho nas ruas. O estudo se baseia na análise das trajetórias de vida e de trabalho dos vendedores ambulantes e tomou como hipótese a dimensão da “desqualificação social” analisada por Serge Paugam ao analisar o processo de precarização do trabalho na realidade francesa, destacando as especificidades de tal processo no Brasil, país com singularidades históricas na constituição e estruturação do mercado de trabalho, marcadas por profundas desigualdades socioeconômicas e culturais e por uma segmentação do mercado de trabalho. Para o exame desta hipótese o estudo fundamentou-se na teoria do reconhecimento dialogando com teses relativas à natureza das desigualdades sociais no Brasil, permitindo avaliar a passagem de elementos de situação de classe desses indivíduos, mas também atributos de “status” sociais que envolvem no plano simbólico, formas identitárias de pertencimento. Essa abordagem buscou ultrapassar uma dimensão puramente econômica, ou puramente simbólica de tal mudança para associá-la às formas de representação e de identidade inscritas num contexto de “novas sociabilidades” vivenciadas na precariedade e na informalidade das relações de trabalho. Verificou-se que tais sujeitos compartilham um processo ambíguo de desqualificação social, na forma de uma “autonomia perversa” e de um reconhecimento denegado, no que tange às condições de vida e ao acesso aos direitos e à proteção, pela interioriorização de uma identidade incerta e estigmatizada historicamente, mas por outro lado, pela possibilidade concreta de integração, ainda que periférica, que tal condição representa, reiterando formas de resistência e luta desses trabalhadores urbanos na busca do enfrentamento de suas condições de pobreza na atualidade. Such a thesis has the aim of investigating the transition of workers of their condition of employed in order for the condition of unprotected socially in the informal commerce of downtown of Salvador city (Bahia) in order to question in what circumstances such a misplacing process has represented a trajectory of social disqualification due to work disqualification socially in the streets. Such a study has been based on the analysis of the life trajectory and work of such vagrant sellers and it has had as a hypothesis of social disqualification which has been made by Serge Pauga when analyzing the process of work disqualification in France. It has specified such a process in Brazil as well which has been a country with historical singularities in its structural constitution of work field. as well as too many cultural, economical and social inequalities due to a segmentation of work field. In order to verify such a hypothesis such a study has been based upon the theory of recognition by comparing with other thesis works which have also been based on social inequalities in Brazil in order to evaluate the social status which involves the symbolical plan of identity ways. Such a study has gone beyond a dimension only economical or symbolical in order to associate the representation and identity in a context of new socializations by informal disqualification of work . It has been verified that such people share the same social disqualification as a way of perverse autonomy and a denied recognition in relation to their life situations and the access to the rights and protection due to a uncertain identity which has been stigmatized historically, otherwise by integration of a concrete possibility of integration even by its peripherical condition which has been represented within which reiterates ways of resistance and fight of such urban workers in order to improve their conditions of poverty nowadays.

La thèse analyse les conséquences de processus de bureaucratisation à l’œuvre au sein d’institutions publiques telles les préfectures. L’enquête a été menée auprès d’agents d’État du « Bureau des Étrangers », qui accueillent et se confrontent aux demandes administratives des usagers (les étrangers). Comment ces agents investissent-ils l’organisation bureaucratique ? Quelles sont les dynamiques de la rencontre avec l’altérité ? Sous une perspective pluridisciplinaire qui privilégie l’approche sociologique et psychosociologique, la thèse a cherché à élucider l’expérience des agents à partir de leur vécu et de leurs propos. Il apparaît que les agents vivent les contradictions institutionnelles entre rapports de domination et désinvestissement affectif. Autre résultat de la recherche, la mise au jour de la disqualification sociale et humaine à l’œuvre sous l’emprise des processus de bureaucratisation étudiés
The thesis analyzes the consequences of bureaucratic processes at work in public institutions such as ‘’prefectures’’. The survey was conducted with the State agents of the "Foreign office", who welcome and face administrative requests from users (foreigners). How do these agents invest the bureaucratic organization? What are the dynamics of the encounter with alterity? From a multidisciplinary perspective that privileges the sociological and psychosociological approach, the thesis sought to elucidate the experience of the agents based on their personal experiences and their words. It appears that agents live institutional contradictions between relations of domination and affective disinvestment. Another result of the research is the discovery of social and human disqualification at work under the influence of the bureaucratization processes that are studied

Comment l’incarcération affecte-t-elle le rôle paternel ? La prison produit des conditions spécifiques d’actualisation de ce rôle, définies par les conditions d’incarcération et d’autres éléments provenant du parcours biographique. Il s’agit d’appréhender la paternité non pas à travers une seule dimension (le lien père-enfant en prison), mais plusieurs (histoire familiale, conjugale, etc.). Cette thèse fait dialoguer la sociologie de la famille, du genre et de la disqualification sociale, et propose une approche pluridimensionnelle de son objet, la paternité en prison. Nous distinguons et articulons trois dimensions : une analyse relationnelle de la paternité en contexte d’incarcération, saisie par les pratiques concrètes des pères détenus et de leur entourage ; une approche biographique replaçant le présent dans l’histoire familiale des pères rencontrés ; et enfin, une analyse « compréhensive » des normes, qui s’efforce de saisir comment ces hommes pensent et analysent leur rôle de père. Cette thèse repose sur des entretiens répétés avec soixante-dix détenus, rencontrés de deux à trois fois dans deux maisons d’arrêt et deux centres de détention. Cette méthodologie induit un retour réflexif des enquêtés sur eux-mêmes. Conjointement, des entretiens ont été réalisés avec différent∙es professionnel∙les travaillant en milieu carcéral, complétés par des observations ethnographiques en détention et lors de réunions des commissions d’aménagement des peines, dans le but de comprendre dans quelle mesure la paternité en prison était prise en compte par l’institution. Cette thèse met en évidence deux résultats principaux. La paternité, tout d’abord, peine à acquérir une place prépondérante dans les récits, les pratiques et les espaces de la détention. Il n’existe pas d’attentes particulières de l’institution concernant les liens familiaux des hommes incarcérés. Les hommes détenus n’ont aucune visibilité sociale en tant que pères. Le second résultat est qu’il n’existe pas une paternité en prison, mais bien un éventail de situations paternelles. Nous avons forgé une typologie des paternités en prison qui se décline en quatre types : « marginale », « suspendue », « brisée » et « ressource »
How does incarceration affect a father’s role as a parent? Prison produces specific conditions for actualizing this role, which are defined by the conditions of incarceration and other phenomena from an individual’s life event history. This means understanding fatherhood not through a single lens (the father-child relationship whilst in prison) but several (family and partnership history, etc.).This thesis brings into dialogue the sociology of the family, of gender and of social disqualification, and studies fatherhood in prison through a multidimensional perspective. Three dimensions are distinguished and articulated: a relational analysis of fatherhood in the context of incarceration, understood through the concrete practices of detained fathers and their entourage; an event-history approach that re-places the present within fathers’ family history; and finally, a ‘comprehensive’ analysis of norms, which attempts to grasp how these men think and to analyse their role as fathers. This thesis uses repeated interviews with 70 detainees who were met from 2 to 3 times in two remand prisons and two detention centres. This methodology prompts reflexive feedback from respondents about themselves. In conjunction, to understand how far fatherhood was taken into account by institutions, interviews were conducted with professionals working in prisons and are supplemented with ethnographic observations in the prison context and at meetings of commissions deciding adjusted sentences.Two main results emerge from this thesis. First, fatherhood struggles to acquire a prominent place in the narratives, practices, and spaces of detention. There are no particular institutional expectations concerning the family ties of incarcerated men, who have no social visibility as fathers. Second, there is no single form of fatherhood in prison but rather an array of paternal situations. We have developed a quadripartite typology of fatherhood in prison: ‘marginal’, ‘suspended’, ‘broken’, and ‘resource’

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
This research starts from the premise that a job, besides being ontologically the category responsible for the constitution of the man as a social being, it is the biggest organizer of everyday life nowadays. Moreover, it is the social organization of work that marks the places in the macro structure and defines the possibility of transit and social belonging. Thus, assuming that contemporary Western societies have become especially societies formed by workers, who have in their jobs the objective and symbolic bases of their lives, that is to say, as well as an activity that ensures the living, work became the category responsible for anchoring identity of contemporary man. Therefore, this work was dedicated to think about the lives of poor workers, aiming to understand the possibility of construction of social, material and symbolic belonging, people who develop activities in professional categories considered socially disqualified and participate systematically and actively in activities related to popular culture. It was developed in a way called biographical focus from the starter question; "Can you tell me the story of your life", the arratives were recorded and then transcribed with integrity, and was then analyzed in the light of the propositions of Social Psychology and related areas. Along two years two men were interviewed, the first of them was 25 years old and president of a Samba School of the countryside of the state of S?o Paulo; the second man, a 78 years old is an ambassador of a group of "Folia de Reis". Five interviews with each of them were made. As a result, we can point that the inclusion in popular culture served as support of experiences different then submission or mental and physical illness of workers, and it can be said that both individuals remain active and develop activities considered socially relevant, even though the economic and social difficulties experienced by both are still poignant.
A presente pesquisa parte da premissa de que o trabalho, al?m de ser ontologicamente a categoria respons?vel pela constitui??o do homem enquanto ser social, ? o grande organizador da vida cotidiana na contemporaneidade. Al?m disso, ? a organiza??o social do trabalho que termina por demarcar os lugares na macroestrutura bem como definir a possibilidade de tr?nsito e pertencimento social. Assim, partindo do princ?pio de que as sociedades ocidentais contempor?neas tornaram-se sobretudo sociedades formadas por trabalhadores, que t?m no trabalho o grande alicerce objetivo e simb?lico de suas vidas, ou seja, para al?m de uma atividade que garanta a subsist?ncia, o trabalho tornou-se a categoria respons?vel pela ancoragem identit?ria do homem contempor?neo. Diante disso, a presente proposta dedicou-se a pensar a vida de trabalhadores pobres, tendo como objetivo entender a possibilidade de constru??o de pertencimento social, material e simb?lico, de pessoas que desenvolvam atividades em categorias profissionais consideradas socialmente desqualificadas e que participem sistem?tica e ativamente em atividades ligadas ? cultura popular. Foi desenvolvida por meio do chamado enfoque biogr?fico, a partir da pergunta disparadora; "Conte-me sua hist?ria de vida?", as narrativas foram ?udio gravadas e, posteriormente, transcritas na ?ntegra, tendo sido ent?o analisadas ? luz das proposi??es da Psicologia Social e ?reas afins. Foram entrevistados dois homens, ao longo de dois anos, o primeiro deles de 25 anos e presidente de uma Escola de Samba do interior paulista; o segundo um embaixador de "Folia dos Reis", de 78 anos. Foram realizadas cinco entrevistas com cada um deles. Como resultado pode-se apontar qua a inser??o na cultura popular serviu como suporte a viv?ncias que fogem ? submiss?o e ao adoecimento mental e f?sico dos trabalhadores , bem como pode-se afirmar que ambos os sujeitos mant?m-se ativos e desenvolvem atividades consideradas socialmente relevantes, ainda que sejam pungentes as dificuldades econ?micas e sociais vivenciadas por ambos.

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This research investigates the intentions of the National High School Examination (ENEM) in contrast to both the forms of apprehension of cultural capital and the provisions of the game of classifications and declassifications by the school social agents, expressed by the discourses and strategies employed. For this, Bourdieu's method of praxiological knowledge was chosen, whose theory served as theoretical reference and support of data analysis. It was opportune, it was decided that the object of study should be observed in public schools of the same Federal Unit, which is why three middle schools of the Distrito Federal were selected, belonging to Administrative Regions whose socioeconomic conditions are different: High School (CEM) Piloto Plano, CEM Ceilândia and CEM Recanto das Emas. Aiming at a more effective field research, it was decided to diversify the instruments and strategies of data collection: direct observation, with the help of the field diary; application of questionnaires with open and closed questions; and interviews with semi-structured script. The investigation had a total of 281 respondents from the questionnaires - directors, teachers and students - among which 28 of these agents were interviewed. From the theoretical reference, the discussion dealt with the fundamental logic of the exams, which is to select and exclude; and unveiled some of the mechanisms that lead students from privileged classes to achieve a better performance in the Exam. This is because, besides incorporating in an "osmotic" way a favorable habitus in the school field, they can employ better strategies against the privileged capitals that they possess. The data collected were analyzed from the following categories: a) Acquisition of cultural capital; (b) reproduction and processing strategies; c) Legitimation and its forms; and d) Resistance. It was identified that three particular forms of legitimation of the Examination stand out: by the discourse, by the policies with social acceptance that were attached to it and by the "support" to the students. As for the policies linked to the ENEM, these have allowed some social advances, while at the same time reinforcing the legitimacy of the inequalities that still continue to operate by it. In turn, the results point out that contradictorily the school unit most affected by the rules of the Exam is the one that most legitimizes it. One of the factors that confirms this is the race issue. This unit, that of CEM Recanto das Emas, has 78% of blacks among its students, in contrast to 61% of CEM Plano Piloto and 76% of CEM Ceilândia. However, only 47% of its students approve racial quotas, compared to 65% of CEM Plano Piloto students' approval and 71% of CEM Ceilândia. Another factor that confirms more legitimacy for the most penalized school is the teacher evaluation of the ENEM selection form: 75% of the teachers participating in CEM Recanto das Emas consider it fair, while 50% of the CEM Plano Piloto teachers and 62, 5% of CEM Ceilândia teachers consider this. On the other hand, it should be pointed out that, although the school system is one of the State's reproductive instruments, the existence of discourses and resistance practices in the schools investigated suggests that it is possible to fight for a school system whose political-pedagogical orientation is beyond reproduction.
Esta pesquisa investiga as intencionalidades do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) em contraste tanto com as formas de apreensão do capital cultural quanto com as disposições do jogo das classificações e desclassificações, pelos agentes sociais escolares, expressas pelos discursos e estratégias empregados. Para tal, elegeu-se o método do conhecimento praxiológico de Bourdieu, cuja teoria serviu como referencial teórico e suporte de análise dos dados. Por oportuno, optou-se que o objeto de estudo fosse observado em escolas públicas de uma mesma Unidade da Federação, razão pela qual foram selecionadas três escolas de ensino médio do Distrito Federal, pertencentes a Regiões Administrativas cujas condições socioeconômicas são distintas: o Centro de Ensino Médio (CEM) Plano Piloto, o CEM Ceilândia e o CEM Recanto das Emas. Visando a uma pesquisa de campo mais efetiva, decidiu-se pela diversificação dos instrumentos e estratégias de coleta de dados: observação direta, com o auxílio do diário de campo; aplicação de questionários com questões abertas e fechadas; e realização de entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado. A investigação contou com o total de 281 respondentes dos questionários – diretores, professores e estudantes –, dentre os quais 28 desses agentes foram entrevistados. A partir do referencial teórico, a discussão tratou da lógica fundamental dos exames, que é selecionar e excluir; e desvelou alguns dos mecanismos que levam os estudantes oriundos de classes privilegiadas a alcançarem um melhor rendimento no Exame. Isso porque, além de incorporarem de maneira “osmótica” um habitus favorável no campo escolar, podem empregar melhores estratégias face aos capitais privilegiados que possuem. Efetuou-se a análise dos dados coletados a partir das seguintes categorias: a) Aquisição do capital cultural; b) Estratégias de reprodução e de transformação; c) Legitimação e suas formas; e d) Resistência. Identificou-se que se destacam três formas particulares de legitimação do Exame: pelo discurso, pelas políticas com aceitação social que se lhe atrelaram e pelo “suporte” aos estudantes. Quanto às políticas atreladas ao ENEM, essas permitiram alguns avanços sociais, ao mesmo tempo em que reforçaram a legitimação das desigualdades que ainda continuam operadas por ele. Por sua vez, os resultados apontam que contraditoriamente a unidade escolar mais prejudicada pelas regras do Exame é a que mais o legitima. Um dos fatores que confirma isso é a questão racial. Essa unidade, a do CEM Recanto das Emas, apresenta entre os seus estudantes o índice de 78% de negros, em contraste com 61% do CEM Plano Piloto e 76% do CEM Ceilândia. No entanto, apenas 47% de seus estudantes aprovam as cotas raciais, frente aos 65% de aprovação dos estudantes do CEM Plano Piloto e 71% do CEM Ceilândia. Outro fator que confirma maior legitimação pela escola mais penalizada é a avaliação docente da forma de seleção do ENEM: 75% dos professores participantes do CEM Recanto das Emas a consideram justa, ao passo em que 50% dos professores do CEM Plano Piloto e 62,5% dos professores do CEM Ceilândia assim a consideram. Por outro lado, destaca-se que, embora o sistema escolar seja um dos instrumentos de reprodução do Estado, a existência de discursos e práticas de resistência nas escolas investigadas aponta ser possível sim lutar por um sistema escolar cuja orientação político-pedagógica seja para além da reprodução.

Mot valise véhiculé par les agences internationales, la notion de « développement avec identité » traduit une volonté de prendre en compte les spécificités locales et culturelles des populations autochtones et la promotion d’une approche en terme de développement, présenté comme universel et apolitique. C’est cette contradiction que cette thèse propose d’explorer. À partir du cas mexicain, il s’agit de comprendre comment les dispositifs de développement fonctionnent comme des instruments de connaissance, mais également comme des instruments performatifs par leurs inductions prescriptives et les usages sociaux qui en sont faits. Au final, le « développement avec identité » renvoie à un « art de gouverner » les populations marquées par une disqualification sociale. Celui-ci s’appuie sur deux volets : l’élaboration de savoirs spécifiques sur ces populations et la participation des individus et groupes autochtones aux dispositifs de développement. Cette thèse propose une contribution sociologique à l’analyse du développement et aux travaux sur la question autochtone. Cette étude de la circulation des discours, des instruments et des pratiques du développement se fonde sur une enquête ethnographique de trois espaces où se construisent, s’élaborent et se mettent en pratique les dispositifs du développement autochtone au Mexique : le bureau du Programme des Nations unies à Mexico, l’instance nationale en charge de l’action publique de développement des populations autochtones, et enfin des groupes sociaux de la région du Chiapas dans lesquels des dispositifs de développement sont également élaborés et mis en œuvre
A buzzword broadcasted by international agencies, the concept of “development with identity” refers to a willingness to take into account local and cultural specificities of indigenous peoples. It entails a promotion of the development approach, presented as both universal and apolitical. This thesis proposes to explore this contradiction. Focusing on the Mexican case, it aims to understand how development apparatuses function as instruments of knowledge, but also as performative instruments by their prescriptive inductions and the social uses they are made of. Finally, “development with identity” refers to an “art of government” of populations labeled as socially disqualified. It relies on two key components: the elaboration of a specific knowledge on these populations and the participation of indigenous individuals and groups in development apparatuses.This thesis proposes a sociological contribution to the analysis of development and works on indigenous issues. In order to study the circulation of development speeches, instruments and practices, this work is based on a political ethnography of three spaces in which the apparatuses of indigenous development in Mexico are elaborated, formulated and put into practice: the Office of the United Nations Development Program in Mexico, the national authority in charge of development public policy for indigenous peoples, and finally social groups in the region of Chiapas in which development apparatuses are developed and implemented

Cette thèse propose d'étudier la "pauvreté" comme condition socialement reconnue et les "pauvres" comme un ensemble de personnes dont le statut social est défini, pour une part, par des institutions spécialisées de l'action sociale qui les désignent comme tels. Le thème de la disqualification sociale, tel qu'il est abordé ici, renvoie à la logique de la désignation et de l'étiquetage et de ses effets sur le plan identitaire. Cette recherche a permis de montrer : 1) que les acteurs sociaux étudies participent, au moins partiellement, a la constitution et a la redéfinition de leur identité sociale en acceptant ou en prenant des distances vis-a-vis des rôles sociaux qui s'accordent à leur condition sociale objective et a leur statut; 2) qu'ils disposent d'une marge d'autonomie qui leur permet de négocier individuellement leur infériorité ou leur échec social (mais les "pauvres" occupent toujours une position sociale dégradée) ;3) qu'ils établissent eux-mêmes, parfois avec la complicité des travailleurs sociaux, des infra-hiérarchies au sein de leur espace résidentiel ou de leur groupe d'appartenance
This thesis aims at studying "poverty" as a socially recognized condition and the "poors" as a group of people whose social status is partly defined by specialized social institutions which define them as such. The theme of social disqualification, such as it is dealt with here, is linked to the logic of designation and labelling and to the effects of this logic on the identity of people. This research was meant to show that : 1) the social actors dealt with play a role, at least a partial one, in the constitution and redefinition of their social identity by more or less accepting the social roles which fit their objective social condition and their status; 2) a certain autonomy enables them to individually negociate their inferiority or their social failure (but the "poors" hold always a degraded social position); 3) they establish, sometimes with the help of social workers, sub-hierarchies within the places they live in or within the groups they belong to

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Cet article s`occupe d`un rythme véritablement provenant du Nord-Est brésilien, plus spécifiquement de la Bahia. C`est l`Arrocha, lequel est inspiré par la musique collante. D`ailleurs, cet étude s`agit du rapport entre ce rythme et un groupe social particulier, celui des classes ouvrières dont les rémunérations sont plus défavorisées tels que des forains , des servantes et des maçons, comme mentionné par certains répondants d`une enquête. Les oeuvres fondamentales qui ont servi d`apppui à cet artcicle sont celles de Vera Malaguti, de Gilberto Freyre, de Paulo Cesar de Araujo, de Durval Muniz Albuquerque et d`Hermano Vianna. En outre, on a utilisé des reportages et des pages en ligne pour développer des entrevues et la recherche sur le terrain. A cet égard, l`Arrocha est décrit dans une page en ligne par moyen d`une comparaison avec le Funk Carioca, puisque les deux rhytmes sont critiqués par les gens, ce qui peut être apperçu facilement dans les commentaires disponibles dans les réseaux sociaux. En revanche, l`Arrocha et le Funk Carioca ont une audience considérable et atteignent grosses ventes. Cette recherche qualitative parts de l´idée selon laquelle l`Arrocha est destiné à la classe ouvrière et pour cette raison nous avons utilisé la recherche sur le terrain avec des observations, des interviews et des photographies en envisageant développer des analyses et des discussions sur le site occupé par l`Arrocha dans la société brésilienne, les convergences et les différences avec d`autres rhytmes. En plus,on discute les raisons de la disqualification, de la marginalisation et du mépris de l`Arrocha par la société et même des possibles liens entre la désapprobation publique du rhytme et son succès. À partir de l´expérience de la recherche, les données produits explicitent que le préjugé social est déguisé en préjugé esthétique, et soulignent le besoin de continuer les explorations scientifiques sur cette manifestation culturelle,l` Arrocha.
O presente trabalho versa sobre o ritmo musical genuinamente nordestino e de origem baiana, o Arrocha, inspirado na música brega, bem como, sobre a sua vinculação a determinado segmento social, como por exemplo, classes trabalhadoras com remunerações menos favorecidas, tais como feirantes, empregadas domésticas e pedreiros, conforme mencionado por alguns entrevistados. Por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, tem-se como basilar as obras de Vera Malaguti, Gilberto Freyre, Paulo Cesar de Araújo, Durval Muniz Albuquerque e Hermano Vianna, além da utilização de reportagens e páginas online para o desenvolvimento das entrevistas e pesquisa de campo. Para tanto, parte-se da definição do Arrocha descrita em uma página online que apresenta uma comparação deste ritmo com o Funk Carioca, visto que ambos são criticados por muitas pessoas, fato que podemos observar com facilidade em comentários disponíveis em redes sociais, mas em contrapartida, têm um público significativo e atingem grande sucesso de vendas. Partindo da ideia de que o Arrocha é voltado para as classes populares, nesta pesquisa qualitativa foi utilizada a pesquisa de campo com observações, entrevistas e fotografias, tendo como objetivo desenvolver análises e discussões sobre o local que o Arrocha ocupa na sociedade brasileira, suas convergências, divergências e os possíveis motivos das mesmas entre o Arrocha, o Funk Carioca e outros ritmos brasileiros. Foram discutidos também os motivos da desqualificação, marginalização ou desvalorização dos mesmos por parte da sociedade e os possíveis vínculos entre tal desqualificação ao público a que se destina e que lhe garante tanto sucesso. Com a experiência da pesquisa, os dados produzidos explicitaram a relação entre o preconceito de classes disfarçado de preconceito musical ou estético, além de ressaltar a necessidade de maiores explorações científicas sobre a manifestação cultural, Arrocha.

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L??tude du processus de construction / reconstruction des comp?tences de l?assistant social sous la gestion du SESI (Service Social de l? Industrie), Natal/RN, d?s la moiti? des ann?es 90 a r?affirmer la perspective que ce processus est le r?sultat de d?terminations macrosoci?taires qui sont pr?sents, particuli?rement au Br?sil, aussi que, la fa?on par laquelle l?assistant social, le professionnel inscrit dans la division sociale et technique du travail, fait d?velopper son perfectionement technique et intelectuel dans un milieu de nouvelles structures productives qui ?xigent un nouveau profil du professionnel face ? la crise du capital et de l??tat. Cette recherche, de nature qualitative et quantitative, a eu lieu par de combinaisons de recherche bibliographique et empirique. Les sujets ont ?t? huit assistants sociaux et six travailleurs administratifs du SESI, Natal/RN. Les donn?s ont ?t? obtenus par des interviews semi-structr?es. On a analis? les changements qui sont arriv?s dans les gestions du SESI et les comp?tences qui sont ?xig?es de l?assistant social ; l?influence du milieu socio-occupationel sur l?action professionnelle et sur le processus de construction/reconstruction de comp?tences; l?agrandissement de demandes institutionnelles pour l?assistant social par rapport ? la prestation de services ; aussi que la constatation de l?importance de ce professionnel, sa hardiesse, mais aussi quelques limites et d?fis affront?s face ? la qualification stimul? par le SESI, en amenant le professionnel dans un processus contradictoire de qualification et disqualification professionelle
O estudo sobre o processo de constru??o/reconstru??o das compet?ncias do assistente social sob a gest?o do SESI, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, a partir de meados dos anos 90 reafirmou a perspectiva de que esse processo ? resultado tanto de determina??es macrossociet?rias presentes de forma particular no Brasil, quanto da forma em que o assistente social, profissional inscrito na divis?o social e t?cnica do trabalho, desenvolve o seu aprimoramento t?cnico e intelectual em meio a um cen?rio de reestrutura??o produtiva que exige um novo perfil de trabalhador diante da crise do capital e do Estado. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa, efetivou-se atrav?s da combina??o entre pesquisa bibliogr?fica e emp?rica.Os sujeitos foram oito assistentes sociais e seis trabalhadores da ?rea administrativa do SESI, Natal/RN. A coleta de dados foi obtida por meio de entrevistas semi- estruturadas. Foram analisadas as mudan?as ocorridas em termos da gest?o do SESI e das compet?ncias exigidas do assistente social; a influ?ncia do espa?o s?cio-ocupacional sobre a a??o profissional e sobre o processo de constru??o/reconstru??o de compet?ncias; o alargamento de demandas institucionais para o assistente social no ?mbito da presta??o de servi?os; bem como a constata??o da import?ncia desse profissional, sua ousadia, mas tamb?m alguns limites e desafios enfrentados diante da qualifica??o incentivada pelo SESI que ingressa o profissional num processo contradit?rio de qualifica??o e desqualifica??o profissional

The introduction surveys the awkward meeting of modernism and the disabled body, summarizing the various ways in which disability is represented in modernist literature and art. The introduction also treats the formative role of disability in the aesthetic function itself insofar as ideas of autonomy require a contingent, vulnerable body on which to establish judgment. This sets the stage for a discussion of how modernist art and literature contribute to the disqualification of certain bodies, often using them as metaphors for cultural decay and social unrest. The role of eugenics, criminal photography, racial anatomy, and uplift during the Progressive Era contributed to invalidating certain bodies while reinforcing a normative national subject. The introduction also studies the connection between modernist aesthetic futurity (“Make it new!”) and the biofuturistic scenarios of medical science and genetic purification.

The fall 2005 riots in France unveiled a war of representation about France’s past and present, and also sparked the reference to imperial legacies to examine current social disqualification and racial discrimination in France. This essay examines the close relationship between banlieues and memory in contemporary France, with a special emphasis on the analogy between the outskirts of major French cities populated mainly by the heirs of African migrations to Europe and the colonies. This reading of the banlieues that builds on the war of memories contends that present ideologies in France are part of an emerging global belief in the ‘clash of civilizations’. Ultimately, this paper argues that it is urgent that the banlieues cease to be perceived as lawless zones to become real lieux de mémoire that can constitute a site where both the French State and its citizens of African heritage can converge around a healed common memory.

The jury consists of twelve, randomly-selected members of the public, who decide guilt or innocence in the most serious criminal trials in the Crown Court. This ensures that the general public are represented in the criminal justice system. This chapter explains the rules on eligibility for, and disqualification or excusal from, jury service. It considers issues such as the power of the jury to acquit in defiance of the evidence (‘jury equity’); the confidentiality of jury deliberations and the implications of that for appeals; the ethnic composition of a jury; whether juries should be excluded from certain trials such as those involving serious fraud or where there is evidence of jury ‘tampering’; whether the accused should be able to ‘waive’ their right to jury trial; and the impact of social media on jury trials. It concludes by examining the relative advantages and disadvantages of jury trials.

The jury consists of twelve randomly selected members of the public, who decide guilt or innocence in the most serious criminal trials in the Crown Court. This ensures that the general public are represented in the criminal justice system. This chapter explains the rules on eligibility for, and disqualification or excusal from, jury service. It considers issues such as the power of the jury to acquit in defiance of the evidence (‘jury equity’); the confidentiality of jury deliberations and the implications of that for appeals; the ethnic composition of a jury; the rights of both prosecution and defence to challenge jurors; jury vetting; whether juries should be excluded from certain trials, such as those involving serious fraud or where there is evidence of jury ‘tampering’; whether the accused should be able to ‘waive’ their right to jury trial; and the impact of social media on jury trials. It concludes by examining the relative advantages and disadvantages of jury trials.