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Journal articles on the topic 'Social Disqualification'
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Paugam, Serge. "Poverty and Social Disqualification: a Comparative Analysis of Cumulative Social Disadvantage in Europe." Journal of European Social Policy 6, no. 4 (November 1996): 287–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095892879600600402.
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Hong, Da Hye, and Soo Hyun Park. "Mediating Effect of Disqualification of Positive Social Outcomes on the Relationship between Social Anxiety and Depression." Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology 38, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15842/kjcp.2019.38.1.006.
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Hong, Da Hye, and Soo Hyun Park. "Mediating Effect of Disqualification of Positive Social Outcomes on the Relationship between Social Anxiety and Depression." Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology 38, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15842/kjcp.2019.38.1.070.
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El Miri, Mustapha. "Quand les migrants se choisissent : qualification sociale et sélection des postulants à la migration au Maroc." European Journal of Sociology 52, no. 2 (August 2011): 209–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975611000099.
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AbstractOur study explores the various forms of social regulation imposed on candidates for emigration in a Moroccan town. This system of judgments, based on a preliminary qualification/disqualification of the candidates at the outset, gives preference to long-term migration by according such emigrants high social prestige in their home country. Thus, to counter the stereotype of a miserable, isolated, and passive migrant, we offer the image of a strategic migrant, who has been “qualified” by local social authorities and who is aligned with a project of collective mobility.
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Hebenton, Bill, and Terry Thomas. "The Disqualification of Childminders: A New Form of Assessment?" Children & Society 6, no. 2 (December 18, 2007): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1099-0860.1992.tb00392.x.
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Michelini, Enrico. "Disqualification of sport in health-related promotion of physical activity – A global social phenomenon?" European Journal for Sport and Society 12, no. 3 (January 2015): 257–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2015.11687966.
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Ahn, Jung-Kwang. "Validation of the Korean version of the Disqualification of Positive Social Outcome Scale (DPSOS)." Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Korea 20, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 519–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33703/cbtk.2020.20.4.519.
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L, Anagonou, Saria B, Klikpo E, Salifou S, Houinou Ebo B, and Fiossi Kpadonou E. "SOCIAL AND FAMILIAL MALADJUSTMENT: SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS IN CLOSED EDUCATIONAL CENTER FOR TEENAGERS AND YOUTH." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 11 (June 12, 2020): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i11.2020.352.
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Social and familial maladjustment is the inability to conform to a group's habits and norms and to participate in its activities and productions. The purpose of this study is to study the social representations of the social and familial maladjustment of adolescents and young people.
This is a case study, using a mixed method essentially qualitative, set in a closed educational center in the Department of Littoral in Benin. The study concerned adolescents and young people admitted to the center and their referents. The respondents in the target population were all male and aged 10 to 23 with an average age of 18 years.
The social representations of maladjustment, according to young people and their referents are similar. They concern social disqualification, inadequate educational attitudes, the absence of familial model, educational failure linked to adolescents or young people and mystical-religious representations. Adolescents and young people define themselves as deviants while their referents define them as delinquents.
This create an insecurity feeling and a need to protect society. Adults have to integrate themselves earlier in the prevention of this phenomenon with the help and /or child psychiatrist lead.
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Weeks, Justin W. "The Disqualification of Positive Social Outcomes Scale: A novel assessment of a long-recognized cognitive tendency in social anxiety disorder." Journal of Anxiety Disorders 24, no. 8 (December 2010): 856–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.06.008.
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Gagnon, Mona-Josée. "Syndicalisme et classe ouvrière. Histoire et évolution d’un malentendu." Lien social et Politiques, no. 49 (June 30, 2004): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/007903ar.
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Résumé Prenant son départ dans une réflexion sur la notion de classe sociale, cet article analyse l’histoire et l’évolution du syndicalisme eu égard à son lien avec une classe ouvrière qu’il a eu pour mission de représenter. La construction de deux paradigmes contraires, qui se sont succédé et qui font écho à différents changements sociaux, permet de mettre en relief et de sérier les problèmes identitaires qui affectent le syndicalisme, tant dans son rôle de régulation que dans son rôle de contestation. La remise en question de la représentation biclassiste de la société, qui a caractérisé tant la pensée marxiste et le projet social-démocrate que plusieurs courants d’analyse sociologique, jointe à la « disqualification » de la classe ouvrière comme principal acteur du changement social, témoigne de la nécessité de rethéoriser le syndicalisme selon une approche dialectique, seule capable de prendre en compte les contradictions multiples qui façonnent le fait syndical.
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Niane, Boubacar. "Le transnational, signe d'excellence [Le processus de disqualification de l'Etat sénégalais dans la formation des cadres]." Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales 95, no. 1 (1992): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/arss.1992.3032.
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Chagas, Bárbara Da Rocha Figueiredo. "Ensino a Distância e Serviço Social: desqualificação profissional e ameaças contemporâneas / Distance Learning and Social Work: professional disqualification and contemporary threats." Textos & Contextos (Porto Alegre) 15, no. 1 (May 19, 2016): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1677-9509.2016.1.21074.
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White, Aaronette M. "A Course in the Psychology of Oppression: A Different Approach to Teaching about Diversity." Teaching of Psychology 21, no. 1 (February 1994): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top2101_3.
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An undergraduate course called the Psychology of Oppression was developed to teach the importance of diversity in psychology. The course offers a perspective that teaches students how to understand the factors that undermine the appreciation of multi-culturalism and other forms of diversity in society. The perspective emphasizes how socially constructed definitions of various groups are used to distinguish sameness and difference among people. These definitions become the criteria by which disqualification from social opportunities is achieved. Topics covered included micro- and macro-level theories of oppression, the importance of ideology in oppressive systems, and theories of social change and liberation. This article describes the course perspective, format, materials, assignments, student reactions, and special concerns when teaching about controversial topics.
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Mugarura, Norman. "“Are the new proposals for reform of directors’ disqualification requirements in the UK sufficient or cosmetic?”." International Journal of Law and Management 58, no. 4 (July 11, 2016): 372–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-07-2015-0036.
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Purpose The paper aims to examine the circumstances in which directors who fail to perform their duties and responsibilities with due diligence can be sanctioned and to evaluate whether the recent changes for reform both in the UK and European Union (EU) are adequate to deter directors from misfeasance or to cure defects in the law. The purpose of this paper is to articulate regulatory regimes for disqualification of corporate directors and the proposed changes to tighten loose ends in this area of commercial law. This paper articulates the duties and responsibilities of Corporate Officer and the varied context in which they are manifested in the UK. Owing to the onerous nature of corporate directorship, directors cannot passively sit in boardrooms or on their committees, but they need to demonstrate that they are hands on to get things done as expected. The first part of the paper articulates the current regimes on director’s disqualification so that it is used as a basis to examine the efficacy of the proposed changes for reform both on this area in the UK and Europe. The second part of the paper examines the proposed reform for change both in UK and in Europe and their efficacy to plug in law and practice. This area of corporate law is increasingly regulated by a number of agencies to ensure that directors perform their duties and responsibilities with due diligence. Design/methodology/approach The paper is structured in two parts whereby the first part examines the framework for disqualification of corporate directors and related issues in the UK. The second part articulates recent changes in the law on director’s disqualification with a view to evaluate whether these changes are robust enough to enhance the position of shareholders to ensure the company is well-managed for their interests or whether overregulation is inimical to the company by hindering directors from executing their corporate responsibilities with a measure of discretion. Findings The findings reflect that regulatory reforms should be evolved and implemented to strike a balance in ensuring that regulatory regimes are implemented not to penalise corporate directors unnecessarily but also to ensure that rules are respected. The paper urges caution because overregulation can inhibit corporate director from taking necessary risks (to be more guarded) to secure their positions. Research limitations/implications The paper was written on the basis of secondary and primary data sources often also alluding to empirical cases studies. It would have been better to carry out structured interviews to corroborate some of the findings of the paper. Practical implications Corporate governance is an onerous task, and thus, it requires corporate officers to exercise due diligence in execution of their duties and responsibilities. Getting the issue of corporate governance wrong often has ramifications for the company and respective corporate officers. These ramifications include not least penalising individual directors by disqualification from holding corporate directorship or the company being wound up altogether. Social implications Corporation plays an important role in the society such as creating employment opportunities, markets for goods and services, generating revenues to governments and the list goes on. Therefore, the way they are managed has important implications for societies and governments. Originality/value Even though the paper was written on the basis of primary and secondary data sources, it was done in a distinctive manner to foster the objective for writing it.
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Cohen, Stanley. "State Crimes of Previous Regimes: Knowledge, Accountability, and the Policing of the Past." Law & Social Inquiry 20, no. 01 (1995): 7–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.1995.tb00681.x.
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The policy of lustration is set in the context of responses to abuses of power by previous regimes. Using examples from three recent forms of social reconstruction (in Latin America, the former communist states, and South Africa), the author reviews the “justice in transition” debate. How do societies going through democratization confront the human rights violations committed by the previous regime? Five aspects of this debate are reviewed: (1) truth: establishing and confronting the knowledge of what happened in the past; (2) justice: making offenders accountable for their past violations through three possible methods: punishment through the criminal law, compensation and restitution, and mass disqualification such as lustration; (3) impunity: giving amnesty to previous offenders; (4) expiation; and (5) reconciliation and reconstruction. A concluding discussion raises the implications of the subject for the study of time and social control.
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Souza, Andréa Alcione de, and Rafaela Cyrino Peralva Dias. "Merit is not for everyone: the perception of black managers about their process of career mobility." Organizações & Sociedade 25, no. 87 (December 2018): 551–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-9250871.
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Abstract Based on research conducted in Belo Horizonte, with 25 black managers, this article analyzes how the career mobility discourse is based on the idea of personal merit. Considering this central problem and authors such as Pierre Bourdieu, Jessé Souza and Carlos Hasenbalg, the research analyzed the assumptions, functionalities and productive character that the idea of personal merit assumes in the interviewees' discourse. The results obtained point to a perception of the process of moving up in the organization career path that has strong meritocratic components; a perception that ignores or minimizes the social, emotional, moral and economic preconditions that interfere in the differential performance obtained by individuals. Moreover, this perception implies a disqualification of any argument that reinforces the racial barriers in their upward career mobility processes, which contributes to conceal the political, economic and social dimension of racism in the country.
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Preobrazhenskij, Victor N., and A. A. Matveyev. "Methodological Aspects of the Medical Examination of Special Contingents in the All Russian Service of Disaster Medicine." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 14, no. 3 (September 1999): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00027539.
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AbstractThe tasks required for the preservation of the health of rescuers can be accomplished with the creation of a system for medical examinations and rehabilitation that functions with commonly used methodological and organizational principles. Absence of such a common methodological platform often results in the disqualification of members of the special contingent and a mistake in the evaluation process that gives birth to serious medical and social problems. The specific character of the rescuers' activities during conditions associated with extraordinary situations necessitates the development of criteria-based evaluation systems for determining the prognosis, and the clinical, diagnostic, normative, and legal, medical, and social criteria that include methodological approaches that define the criteria to be used in the examinations. We propose that the concept of the professional health examinations becomes the methodological basis used for the medical examinations and rehabilitation of the rescuers.
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Weeks, Justin W., and Peggy M. Zoccola. "Fears of Positive versus Negative Evaluation: Distinct and Conjoint Neuroendocrine, Emotional, and Cardiovascular Responses to Social Threat." Journal of Experimental Psychopathology 7, no. 4 (September 25, 2016): 632–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5127/jep.056016.
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Fear of evaluation in general is important in social anxiety, including fear of positive evaluation (FPE) and fear of negative evaluation (FNE). The present study examined various FPE- and FNE-associated state responses (i.e., affective, cardiovascular, and neuroendocrine) to an impromptu speech task which integrated simultaneous and systematic delivery of positive and negative social threat cues (n = 100 [unselected]). Both FPE and FNE related positively to state anxiety and heart rate changes from anticipation of the speech to during the speech itself, and these effects were partly conjoint and partly unique. Furthermore, high FPE alone was associated with dampened cortisol in response to the speech task in contrast to a more normative, robust response to social threat. Last, consistent with hypothesis and prior findings, state anxiety during the speech mediated the relationship between trait FPE and state disqualification of positive social outcomes (a mental safety behavior for FPE-related state anxiety). These results further inform upon the commonalities and distinctions between these two socio-evaluative fears. Implications for the theoretical conceptualization and treatment of social anxiety are discussed.
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Carmo, Renato Miguel, and Maria Madalena d’Avelar. "The weight of time and the unemployment experience: Daily life and future prospects." Current Sociology 69, no. 5 (February 11, 2021): 742–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392120986222.
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In individual terms, unemployment situations cause both a destructuring of daily life practices and a loss of resources and socioeconomic conditions that were previously taken for granted. This is a vulnerable situation that results simultaneously in forms of disaffiliation and social disqualification, with consequences in the rise of poverty and social inequality. Unemployed people live the present in a state of constant uncertainty that makes it hard to construct coherent prospects for the future. Basing itself on a sociological problematisation of social time, this article seeks to operationalise a set of categories and temporal profiles that are derived from unemployment situations and to identify different variants of a lived temporality which the authors call forced downtime. The investigation is the product of an analysis of 46 in-depth interviews of relatively older unemployed persons who live in Portugal and possess low or intermediate levels of schooling. Content analysis shows that there are different ways in which interviewees experience distinct temporal dimensions.
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Mauritti, Rosário, Nuno Nunes, Maria do Carmo Botelho, and Daniela Craveiro. "The left and right hands of the Portuguese state: Welfare retrenchment of public employment." Portuguese Journal of Social Science 19, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 237–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/pjss_00028_1.
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This article focuses on welfare retrenchment in Portugal by analysing the evolution of public sector employment up until 2013. A multidimensional analysis of the structure of public employment in the Portuguese state was developed, theoretically guided by the ‘hands of the state’ model proposed by Bourdieu, which divides the main functions of contemporary states between its left hand (more redistributive) and its right hand (more rational economic-oriented). Bourdieu’s approach is especially useful in addressing the transformations of the Portuguese public employment between 1979 and 2013, characterized by specific economic, social and political changes. In 2013 ‐ a year in which the adjustment measures agreed by the Portuguese government, the European Central Bank, the European Commission and the International Monetary Fund during the global crisis were especially intense ‐ we observed the tendency towards the disqualification of public employment and the shrinking of the left hand of the Portuguese state. Public policy orientations in the areas of education and science were particularly troubling, considering the structural backwardness the country faces in these fields in the context of the European Union.
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Blommaert, Jan, Lies Creve, and Evita Willaert. "On being declared illiterate: Language-ideological disqualification in Dutch classes for immigrants in Belgium." Language & Communication 26, no. 1 (January 2006): 34–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2005.03.004.
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Hladki, Janice. "Hazardous Futures and Damned Embodiments: Disability and White Masculinization in Science Fiction Film." Journal of Literary & Cultural Disability Studies: Volume 14, Issue 4 14, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 453–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/jlcds.2020.30.
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Drawing on critical disability interrogations of the “human,” this article explores how frameworks of normalization shape conceptions of human qualification and disqualification in two science fiction films. It examines how representations of the contaminated, injured, unstable, and mutated body produce discourses of, and social anxieties about, abnormalization and monstrosity. The films The Thing (1982) and Deadpool (2016), both characterized by science fiction cult popularity, are linked through multiple concerns for human futurity, including the dangers of monstrous disability and the need to redeem damaged and infected bodies. Bringing disability together with gender and race, the article argues that white able-bodied masculinization in the films, including aspects of militarism and colonialism, focuses on human qualification and on securing a future made non-hazardous by a masculinity recuperated from vulnerability and disability.
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Filipov, Milen. "Online personal brand in the kazakhstani HR context." Public Administration and Civil Service, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52123/1994-2370-2020-73-2-36-42.
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The purpose of this paper was to study the importance Kazakhstani HR specialists place on the competitive advantage of an online personal brand of a job candidate provides compared to a CV (Resume). The results showed that the majority of the respondents find the online personal brand of a job candidate valuable. It also influences HR specialists' preselection decisions. However, the CV (Resume) remains as a more informative source compared to an online personal brand. HR specialists rarely or occasionally do online screening. However, they always screen a candidate for top managerial positions. Negative/abusive language, sexually provocative pictures (risquè pictures) or videos, or controversial political, religious, or social opinion posted online might be a reason for disqualification. The research urged the need for implementing a more insightful source of behavioural information about a candidate.
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Krsmanovic, Bojana. "Castration as a consequence of the strengthening of the dynastic principle." Zbornik radova Vizantoloskog instituta, no. 54 (2017): 41–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zrvi1754041k.
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The paper discusses examples of corporal mutilation that accompanied intra-dynastic conflicts or clashes with real or potential pretenders to the imperial throne. Castration was a known but rarely applied measure in the political conflicts of the 7th and 8th century. Hence the two consecutive cases of castration of all sons of the deposed emperor Michael I Rhangabe (813) and the assassinated emperor Leo V the Armenian (820) deviated from the previous Byzantine practice. The paper establishes that in these cases the choice of castration as the most effective means of ensuring the future political disqualification of the princes and their families was a result of the strengthening dynastic principle, which was particularly noticeable in the cases of the descendents of Constantine V from his third marriage. It also highlights that castration was never used on the deposed emperor autokrator, but only on the bearers of imperial dignities (co-emperors) or simply princes with no imperial title. In examples where castration was used to ensure political disqualification, it was not a sanction for an individual wrongdoing (in other words, castration was not a penalty prescribed for a specific transgression); if these cases were a matter of punishment at all, the penalty was meant to sanction the entire bloodline (?????) rather than the (innocent) individual. Castration was a milder form of punishment compared to other forms of physical mutilation (severing of the nose, tongue or ears; blinding). Due to the ambivalent attitude of the Byzantine society towards eunuchs, castration did not necessarily lead to social marginalization. Hence, it was applied more frequently during the reign of the Macedonian dynasty, but prominent castrates were incorporated into the official hierarchy as members of an order of eunuchs (?????? ??~? ????????).
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Beauchez, Jérôme. "In the Shadow of the Other: Boxing, Everyday Struggles and the Feeling of Strangeness." Sociology 50, no. 6 (July 11, 2016): 1170–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038515587638.
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On the basis of an ethnography of a group of boxers, this article questions pugilism as an experience of confrontation with the other, the reasons and effects of which lie beyond the ring. Using the boxers’ words to explain their everyday struggles, this article seeks to describe fighting figures by placing them in the full depth of their biographical paths. These boxers share the experience of immigration and their life stories have all been marked by profound feelings of strangeness, understood as a social disqualification of otherness that causes deep and private wounds. Like the shadow of the other, hanging over the ‘conversations of gestures’, the boxers’ wounds and the violence of their biographical paths can help explain how they experience their fights, through the idea of a bodily response to all the hardships they have endured, well beyond the ring and its rounds.
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Schneider, Walter. "The West German Experience in Drink Driver Improvement Courses." Medicine, Science and the Law 27, no. 1 (January 1987): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580248702700111.
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The last 15 years has seen the development of educational group therapy courses for West German drink/drive offenders. Two types of course, the one for first offenders and the other for recidivists are described. The courses are specifically targetted at social drinkers. Problem and heavy drinkers and those with significant social and domestic problems are selected out by pre-course medical and psychological assessment. Most course failures are attributed to failing to accurately complete the sift. The German courts have come to accept successful completion of a course as evidence for reducing the period of disqualification either at the time of initial sentence or on appeal. The licensing authorities are more inclined to grant a licence after completion of sentence where the offender has successfully completed the course. The aim is to teach social drinkers to separate drinking from driving. When compared against the non-treated group, the treated group have a highly significant lower reconviction rate within two years. The need to employ qualified psychologists as course leaders and also special training is emphasised. A more comprehensive range of courses to rehabilitate all types of drink/drivers including alcoholics and those who have difficulty in learning in a group situation is called for.
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Bond, Sarah. "Altering Infamy." Classical Antiquity 33, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ca.2014.33.1.1.
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This paper investigates the application of the legal stigma of infamia (disrepute) in Late Antiquity. The legal status is used as a lens through which to view the changing systemic, religious, and social landscapes between the reigns of Diocletian and Justinian, indicating the various uses and, ultimately, abuses of the status, as well as the marked consequences of expanding its definition. The use of the legal status to marginalize religious deviants in particular is inspected. This analysis reveals that the amendment of infamia to include heretics, apostates, and pagans signals the use of classical law to define orthodoxy and to articulate the anxiety over the pagan-Christian religious transition. The unforeseen consequences of infamia's expansion were the abetment of violence in the fourth and fifth centuries. Moreover, the disqualification of religious deviants from serving on curial councils had a noticeable impact on some municipalities in the later empire, and may have created a loophole with which to avoid curial service altogether.
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Padgett, Vernon R., and John F. Reid. "Five Year Evaluation of the Student Diversity Program: A Retrospective Quasi-Experiment." Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice 4, no. 2 (August 2002): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/25t7-3bbf-6hyb-nhay.
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The Student Diversity Program (SDP) initially delivered academic and social support to Black student athletes, but expanded to include a more diverse group of students at risk of disqualification. To assess whether this program increased retention, we examined graduation rates and ending GPAs of students in four SDP cohorts from 1994 and 1995 ( n = 39), comparing them to matched students who were not in the program ( n = 434), over five years of academic progress. We matched these comparison students on semester of enrollment in CSUF, ethnic group, sex, age, transfer status (FTF or Transfer), and cumulative GPA at the end of their first semester. SDP students graduated at twice the rate of the comparable students after five years. SDP student's GPA of last record was not however different from that of comparison students. It appears that the Student Diversity Program achieves its goal of delivering academic support, and is effective not only with Black athletes but with a more diverse group of at-risk students as well.
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RESENDE, VIVIANE DE MELO, YARA MARTINELLI, and ERNANI VIANA SARAIVA. "WHEN UNIVERSITY BECOMES THE ENEMY: HATE SPEECH ATTACKS ON FACEBOOK." Society Register 4, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sr.2020.4.1.03.
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The extreme right hate speech propagated currently in Brazil addresses a broad social spectrum, from feminist movements to traditional communities. The academic community and higher education institutions are also targets, as they are identified as poles of democratic resistance. Specific hate speech towards academy in Brazil is the subject of this paper. The persecution of academic community and knowledge itself occurs through the discursive dispute especially on social networks, and thus in this analytical exercise, we looked up at Facebook’s largest bolsonarista’s group – the “Jair Bolsonaro Presidency Support Group”, which brings together 317,000 members. We analyzed the memetic discourse on the page, focusing memes that were published between April and June 2019, thematizing higher public education, and presenting a bimodal verb-visual composition. These criteria led to the collection of 115 memes analyzed with the support of a QDA package. Analysis reveals the disqualification of university institutions and their actors through ironies, negative associations including stereotypes, simplification of debate to the shallower. Students are often associated with nudity as immorality, professors of indoctrination and ridicule, protesters of ignorance, or bad character. Political debate is reduced to extreme left-right polarization, with the criminalization of the left.
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Cajão, R., C. A. Pereira, J. R. Silva, J. P. Lourenço, N. P. Gil, and M. F. Colón. "Critical Analysis on Legal Capacity of The Mentally Retarded: the Portuguese Reality in the European Context." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S457—S458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1663.
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IntroductionAlmost 50 years after the mental health reform in Europe and the deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill, there seems to be a slow change in the social concept of mental disorder. However, in the case of mental retardation, little progress has been made, since the social approach to these patients does not seem to involve the promotion of their autonomy. This is a reality with implications in medical, social and forensic psychiatry settings.ObjectiveWe will present a statistical analysis on interdiction/inhabilitation processes in two districts of Portugal followed by a comparative analysis between Portuguese and other European countries’ civil law concerning the regulation of legal capacity.AimsCritical analysis of the means by which the concept of legal incapacity has been applied in the Portuguese social setting.MethodsDescriptive and retrospective analyses of 500 expert reports in the districts of Coimbra and Viseu regarding interdiction/disqualification processes. Research on Pubmed and legal databases; keywords used: mental disability, mental retardation, civil law, mental incapacity, legal incapacity, legal capacity, interdiction, curator.ResultsThe number of forensic psychiatric examinations has suffered a significant increase in the last years. The majority of these expertise concern interdiction/inhabilitation processes. Mental retardation is the more prevalent diagnosis, and the great majority of the cases were interdicted.ConclusionsIn Portugal, the law has been applied in order to safeguard the economic assets of mentally retarded individuals, but not in order to promote their social integration and autonomy.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Jales, Paula Raquel da Silva, and Solange Maria Teixeira. "A PARTICIPAÇÃO NA POLÍTICA DE ASSISTÊNCIA SOCIAL: debates a partir da literatura de eventos científicos." Revista de Políticas Públicas 25, no. 1 (July 11, 2021): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2865.v25n1p334-353.
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Numa conjuntura marcada pela desqualificação e desfinanciamento das Políticas Públicas, em especial a de Assistência Social, deregressões dos direitos sociais, bem como pela perseguição ao pensamento crítico, progressista e de esquerda, faz-se extremamente importante discutir a participação.Este artigo, fruto de tese de doutorado, objetiva apresentar os resultados da pesquisa bibliográfica em 58 artigos publicados em três eventos científicos internacionais sobre a participação na Política de Assistência Social em disputa nos projetos político-ideológicos e a filiação dos autores ou defesa desses projetos.Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura de eventos científicos sobre Políticas Públicas. Evidenciou-se que a produção científica é contra-hegemônica ao projeto burguês, particularmente ao neoliberalismo, apesar das contradições discursivas indicadas em alguns trabalhos.PARTICIPATION IN SOCIAL ASSISTANCE POLICY: debates from the literature of scientific eventsAbstractIn an environment marked by the disqualification and de-financing of Public Policies, especially that of Social Assistance, regressions of social rights, as well as the pursuit of critical, progressive and left-wing thinking, it is extremely important to discuss participation. This article, the result of a doctoral thesis, aims to present the results of the bibliographic research in 58 articles published in three international scientific events on the participation in the Social Assistance Policy in dispute in the political-ideological projects and the affiliation of the authors or defense of these projects. This is integrative review of the literature on scientific events on public policies. It became evident that scientific production is counter-hegemonic to the bourgeois project, particularly to neoliberalism, despite the discursive contradictions indicated in some works.Keywords: Participation. Social Assistance Policy. Scientific events
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Bottema, A. Johannes, and Cody W. Telep. "Examining Views of Police Chiefs and College Students Regarding Drug Disqualifiers for the Hiring of Police Officers in Arizona." Journal of Drug Issues 51, no. 1 (September 21, 2020): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022042620959331.
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Police applicant disqualification due to prior illegal drug use is a contributing factor to major recruitment and hiring challenges currently facing many American policing agencies. This article explores how chief executives of law enforcement agencies and college students enrolled in criminology courses in Arizona view current statewide police hiring standards related to prior drug use. We use surveys conducted in cooperation with the Arizona Peace Officer Standards and Training Board to examine respondent opinions regarding the preemployment use of marijuana and illicit use of prescription drugs. Generally, we find significant differences between the chief executive and student views. Students, who represent potential policing applicants, typically are in favor of harsher treatment of prior drug use than chief executives, although students are also more open to forgiving marijuana use under certain circumstances. We discuss the implications of these findings for police hiring and suggest potential areas of policy change.
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Santamaria, Ulysses, and Alain Manville. "Marx : entre l’idéalisme radical et l’individualisme anarchique." Articles 11, no. 2 (January 9, 2007): 299–333. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/203259ar.
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Résumé Si Marx aujourd'hui doit retrouver la radicalité qui a porté en ses premiers commencements sa pensée révolutionnaire, il faut rompre définitivement avec les évidences les mieux établies de son interprétation. La pensée de Marx, loin de pouvoir être rattachée au sol du matérialisme, s'enracine au plus profond de l'idéalisme allemand dans ce mouvement de pensée qui vient contester en ses fondements ultimes la métaphysique et son ordre, l'ordre d'un entendement captif de l'horizon borné de la positivité. Pensée de subversion de l'ordre de la positivité, la pensée de Marx se laisse alors définir comme un mouvement de déstabilisation du monde, mise en abyme de son fondement. Cette disqualification an-archique de l'arche est au principe de la pensée de la révolution radicale et de la mise en question fondamentale du pouvoir. Dans l'espace ouvert par cette double Bestimmung, idéaliste, an-archique, la pensée de Marx, en opposition à toute interprétation qui y voit une pensée du social, définit un individualisme radical qui se veut la critique absolue de toute volonté d'édification d'un nouvel ordre, individualisme qui ne laisse plus rien prévaloir qui fasse violence à la valeur de sens de l'autonomie.
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Seyfrid, Brigitte. "Rhétorique et argumentation chez Réjean Ducharme. Les polémiques béréniciennes." Études 18, no. 2 (August 30, 2006): 334–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/201027ar.
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Résumé À partir d'un bref fragment représentatif (une diatribe de Bérénice), cet article se propose de cerner la dimension polémique de L'Avalée des avalés de Réjean Ducharme. La technique argumentative bérénicienne concilie en effet les deux stratégies constitutives de la polémique : elle allie en permanence la persuasion au discours disqualifiant, le « raisonnement » à un lyrisme du refus, de la révolte et de la négation. L'analyse montre, dans un premier temps, comment la disqualification de la cible, du « Titan » dévorant que constitue le corps social, se fait par l'exploitation de la réfutation, ainsi que par l'emploi d'injures, de menaces et de métaphores dévalorisantes. Puis elle s'intéresse à la constitution des valeurs béréniciennes, qui se mettent en place par le biais du marquage et du renversement axiologiques, également typiques du discours polémique. Enfin, elle fait ressortir la dimension dialogique particulière du monologue bérénicien. Ce dialogisme est en même temps présent et désavoué : l'Autre, convoqué dans le discours, est aussitôt déprécié : « la doxa », retournée en para-doxe. Le paradoxe (dans tous les sens de ce terme) est sans doute l'une des techniques privilégiées de la rhétorique bérénicienne. Il permet de caractériser la figure même de la narratrice, avaleuse et avalée tout à la fois, être clivé par excellence chez qui s'unissent les contraires.
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Segura, Marina, Concepción Maroto, and Baldomero Segura. "Quantifying the Sustainability of Products and Suppliers in Food Distribution Companies." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (October 23, 2019): 5875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11215875.
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Supplier evaluation is a relevant task of supply chain management where multicriteria methods make great contributions to manufacturing industries. This is not the case in food distribution companies, which have a key role in providing safe and affordable food to society. The purpose of this research is to measure the sustainability of products and suppliers in food distribution companies through a multiple criteria approach. Firstly, the system proposed provides indicators to qualify products and assess the food quality, using the compensatory Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) model. Secondly, these indicators are included in supplier evaluation, which takes economic, environmental, and social criteria into account. MAUT and Preference Ranking Organisation Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE), a non-compensatory method, are used for supplier evaluation. This approach has been validated for fresh food in a supermarket chain, mainly using historical data. Partial indicators, such as food safety scores, together with global indicators of suppliers, inform the most appropriate decisions and the most appropriate relations between companies and providers. Poor performance in food safety can lead to the disqualification of some suppliers. MAUT is good for qualifying products and is easy to apply at the operational level in logistic platforms, while PROMETHEE is more suitable for supplier segmentation, as it helps to identify supplier strengths and weaknesses.
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Roy, Peter. "Maritime offshore operations—occupational noise monitoring, assessment and control." APPEA Journal 49, no. 2 (2009): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj08042.
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With increasing emphasis on occupational health as a component of maritime safety case requirements for Australia, the National Offshore Petroleum Safety Authority (NOPSA), in keeping with their goal of improving health and safety outcomes across the industry, has ramped up their expectations on noise management plans (NMP). Now the expectation includes noise risk assessments and evaluation and implementation of feasible engineering noise controls, and NOPSA have added scrutiny of ototoxic substances as well, all of which parallel international trends. NOPSA surveys have found rather poor industry compliance with noise management requirements overall, and have stated that they will continue to promote the issues and will not hesitate to take enforcement action to improve compliance. Occupational noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) is 100% permanent and 100% preventable. Failing to prevent NIHL has significant human, economic, legal and operational impacts. NIHL results in diminished quality of life including isolation and communication problems that affect social interactions. The economic effects of NIHL include lost time and decreased productivity, loss of otherwise qualified and experienced workers through medical disqualification, workers’ compensation costs and disability settlements, retraining costs and expenses related to medical intervention and treatment. Noise-impaired communications affect workplace operational and health and safety performance, and noisy ship and maritime platform accommodations and common areas adversely affect staff comfort, fatigue, morale and general well-being.
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Harianto, Harianto, Wawan Budi Darmawan, and Muradi Muradi. "The Winning of Empty Box in the 2018 Makassar Regional Head Election." Society 8, no. 2 (December 22, 2020): 546–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/society.v8i2.203.
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This research discusses how the empty box won in the 2018 Makassar Regional Head Election. This phenomenon became the elections’ history where a single candidate failed to win the election. Ten political parties consisting of Functional Groups Party (Golkar), National Democratic Party (NasDem), Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), United Development Party (PPP), Crescent Star Party (PBB), Great Indonesia Movement Party (Gerindra), Prosperous Justice Party (PKS), People’s Conscience Party (Hanura), National Mandate Party (PAN), and Indonesian Justice and Unity Party (PKPI), promoted a single candidate pair. This study aims to describe how the movement of empty box volunteers in the Makassar Regional Head Election. This research uses a qualitative method. Selection of informants using a snowball sampling technique, and using social movement theory. There are three parts to this theory: 1) Complaint theory. Public disappointment over a candidate pair’s disqualification and consider the election organizer unfair; 2) Mobilizing structures theory. Analyze the voluntary movement of empty boxes to gather mass support and sympathizers during the election; and 3) Framing theory. Analyze the use of issues and methods of spreading the issue. This research found that the empty box phenomenon in Makassar Regional Head Election, unlike in the elections in other areas where the single candidate did not have an opponent, in Makassar, one of the candidate pairs was disqualified due to violation. It made the community, supporters, and the success team feels disappointed with the General Elections Commission’s decision. This disappointment also resulted in the emergence of the empty box volunteer movement. Movements of empty box volunteers to gather mass support and sympathizers through door-to-door socializing, leaflets, flyers, and banners call to action to win empty box and use social media and online media as campaign tools.
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Toscano, Maria de Fátima. "HOW TO PLAN, HANDLE, ANALYSE AND INTERPRET NARRATIVES, ACCORDING TO THE QUALITATIVE-UNDERSTANDING APPROACH?" Cadernos de Educação Tecnologia e Sociedade 12, no. 3 (October 22, 2019): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.14571/brajets.v12.n3.270-281.
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This paper derives from our PhD research in Sociology on socio-identitarian requalification processes (processos de requalificação socio-identitária, henceforth PRSI) of Portuguese women who migrated to the Basque Country (San Sebastian area). To this end, we co-composed 31 exemplary case accounts, following the question: “What are the logics of action and what identitarian strategies are adopted by women who, facing the social experience of disqualification, engage in their ‘socio-identitarian requalification’?” We focus and organize this paper on the exposition of the main procedures and specific forms of the qualitative analysis, as we applied it at the ‘the processes of socio-identitarian requalification (PRSI) - how we called, since 2008, the analytical-understanding model of social trajectories of requalification from poverty conditions. (cf. Toscano 2015, 2017, 2018). So, in this paper, we explain in depth how we organize the 4 methodological acts which compose this 'analytical-understanding model processes of socio-identitarian requalification' that we have been developing since 2008 in our analysis of trajectories for social change ('leaving' so called poverty conditions). Therefore, after a brief mention of the Tool-Problematics, which constitutes the base for our research, in point 1.1 (1st act: theoretical-conceptual-epistemological roots), we focus on specific procedures, such as: - point 2: justifying the co-composition of accounts: operationalizing principles, procedures and criteria for the selection of exemplary cases and composition of narratives (2nd act, steps 2-3); - point 3: planning and co-composing the biographical process (2nd act, Steps 4a-4b; 6 stages); - point 4 (3rd act), 1st level of theorization: writing down speech through transcription-translation (step 5; stages 7-8) and transposition-rearrangement (analysis units, operation mode, discursive levels, account axes, rules/kinds of annotation - steps 6-7, stages 9-12); - point 5 (4th act), 2nd level of theorization: interpretation and theorizing composition in emergence (steps 8-9, stages 13-14, 7 operations); and finally, point 6, brief conclusions..
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Kilic, Bilal. "Self-Medication Among Ab Initio Pilots." Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 92, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.5718.2021.
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INTRODUCTION: Pilots are more aware of drugs and self-medication in the internet age. However, they are unaware of the effects of self-medication, which may impede their cognitive and decision-making performance. The aim of this study was to determine the awareness levels of ab initio (student) pilots on self-medication and factors contributing to the prevalence of self-medication among them. To the best of the authors knowledge, this is the first study examining ab initio pilots knowledge on medication use and the causality of self-medication among them.METHODS: A 17-item questionnaire was developed and administered online to 500 students across 5 flight training organizations (FTO) in Turkey. The response rate was 97/500. For the descriptive analysis of the data, SPSS (the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) was used.RESULTS: Based on the results, fear of medical disqualification and job loss is the most significant factor resulting in the prevalence of self-medication among ab initio pilots. Most of the ab initio pilots (88.7%, N 86) were aware of self-medication and its threat to flight safety. Furthermore, three factors influencing the level of awareness and knowledge of ab initio pilots on this subject were evaluated.DISCUSSION: All flight training organizations should educate ab initio pilots on the consequences of self-medication. Furthermore, ab initio pilots should be encouraged to consult an aeromedical examiner with any ailment before a flight.Kilic B. Self-medication among ab initio pilots. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(3):167171.
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Lahire, Bernard. "Objectivation sociologique, critique sociale et disqualification." Mouvements 24, no. 5 (2002): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/mouv.024.0046.
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Nicourt, Christian, and Jacques Cabaret. "La disqualification sociale des éleveurs intégrés." Revue d’Études en Agriculture et Environnement 95, no. 02 (May 19, 2014): 227–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4074/s1966960714012041.
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Guienne, Véronique. "Savoir se vendre : qualité sociale et disqualification sociale." Cahiers de recherche sociologique, no. 43 (May 3, 2011): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1002475ar.
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Savoir se vendre est présenté comme une qualité sociale nécessaire. Cette injonction est analysée à travers les manuels de management, qui sont comme autant de codes de morale contemporains. Afin de comprendre comment cet esprit de marchandisation a pu s’imposer avec une telle évidence, l’article relève les différentes formes de vente de soi : la vente métaphorique, renoncement à des valeurs par intérêt; l’activité de louage, fondement du contrat de travail; la vente réelle, d’une personne ou d’une partie de celle-ci, comme l’est la vente d’organes. La prostitution est alors analysée comme condensant de façon abusive ces différentes dimensions alors qu’elle est totalement congruente avec les standards contemporains de la vente de soi.
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Hutchings, Carmel, Zafnat Prokocimer Yair, Ram Reifen, and Moshe Shemesh. "Antimicrobial Effect of Zn2+ Ions Governs the Microbial Quality of Donor Human Milk." Foods 10, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10030637.
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Donor human milk (HM) obtained at HM banks is exceptionally crucial for the feeding and treatment of preterm infants. Bacterial contaminations of HM in various stages of its handling are very common and can lead to disqualification of donations or severe infections in worse cases. Hence, HM donations are subject to strict bacteriological evaluations pre- and post-pasteurization. The main contaminating species vary between countries, banks and donors and even exhibit inter-individual variation. We initiated an assessment of the bacteriological composition of HM donated by women hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit in Israel. The most common bacterium identified was Staphylococcus epidermidis, found in all but one of the HM samples; the presence of several species of coagulase-negative Staphylococci was also noted. Next, we sought to develop a platform towards antibacterial treatment using Zn2+ ions that have recently been found to be potent against contaminants isolated from bovine milk. Zn2+ efficiently inhibited the growth of viable aerobic population and S. epidermidis in HM. Growth was also inhibited in other Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus cereus, a well-known food-borne pathogen. S. epidermidis and B. cereus cells grown in the presence of zinc were taken for microscopic evaluation, aiming to demonstrate zinc’s antimicrobial mode of action morphologically. Images obtained using scanning electron microscopy indicated leakage of cellular content and cell lysis in S. epidermidis. Besides, B. cereus cells showed abnormalities in their cell surface and complete loss of flagella upon treatment with zinc. Along with the above findings, it should be noted that this was a pilot study that tested how high doses of Zn2+ affect breast milk as a product. Further research is likely needed on the safety of consumption of Zn2+-treated HM in infants and older children.
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Fuentes Reyes, Gabriela, and Mariela Coudannes. "La vida de doña Concepción: memorias de una hija de hacendados del Valle de Bravo (México) en las primeras décadas del siglo XX." HiSTOReLo. Revista de Historia Regional y Local 4, no. 7 (January 1, 2012): 85–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/historelo.v4n7.25131.
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El presente estudio se ubica espacial y temporalmente en Donato Guerra, municipio localizado en la parte oeste del Estado de México, en el país homónimo, en un momento de transición situado en las primeras décadas del siglo XX. Es conocido que después de la revolución no se produjeron inmediatamente cambios significativos en el sistema de tenencia de la tierra, tampoco en las percepciones de mundo ni en cierta economía moral instalada desde tiempos de la colonia. Las prácticas heredadas del porfiriato y la educación conformaron una sociedad en la que se planteaban valores bien diferenciados según el género y la posición social. Se analiza en este marco el relato contemporáneo de la joven Concepción, hoy una mujer de noventa años. En su memoria aparece una supuesta red de lealtades entre patrones y sirvientes, y se olvidan los aspectos menos amables de la explotación de los trabajadores. La evocación de denominaciones de la época, y asimismo lo que no se dice, ilustra cómo la movilidad social seguía estando vedada a aquellos cuya condición étnica es invisible en la mayor parte del relato, también las descalificaciones de las que eran objeto, entre otros aspectos.Palabras clave: historia de vida, memoria, economía moral, porfiriato, valores. Doña Concepción’s life: Memoirs of a Landowners’ Child in Valle Bravo (Mexico) in the Early Decades of XXth CenturyAbstractThis study is located in space and time in Donato Guerra, a municipality located in western State of Mexico, Mexico; in a transition period during the first decades of the XXth century. It is known that after the Revolution, no significant changes were produced immediately in land tenure system, in world’s perceptions or in some moral economy settled since colonial times. Practices inherited from Porfirism and education formed a society in which well-differentiated values were proposed according to gender and social standing. Within this framework, the contemporary report of young Conception- today a 90-year-old woman- is analyzed. In her memory, a supposed loyalty network between landlords and servants appears, and the less kind aspects of workers’ exploitation are forgiven. The evocation of names of those times -but also what is not mentioned- illustrates how social mobility was still forbidden to those whose ethnic condition is invisible in most of the report. It shows also the disqualification they were subjected to, among other aspects.Keywords: story of life, memoirs, moral economy, porfirism, values.
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Maltsev, K. G., and A. L. Alaverdyan. "REPRESENTATION OF NATIONALISM: STRUCTURE, CONTENT, CRITICISM." Intelligence. Innovations. Investment, no. 3 (2021): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2021-3-100.
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Nationalism determines modernity — L. Grinfeld’s thesis at the very beginning of the 90s of the twentieth century (repeating the judgment of E. Keduri in the early 60s), unexpectedly for liberal social science, immediately acquired political relevance. The purpose of the article is to identify the reasons for this «surprise»: the representation of the nation in the economic paradigm of the political (D. Agamben’s term) as a civic association of freely self-determining autonomous individuals-citizens excludes the possibility of national conflicts, the reality of which is obvious. Objective scientific research within the disciplinary structure of modern science has as a given object of research in the representation: thus, a philosophical interpretation becomes necessary as a method of criticizing the representation of the nation and the national in the economic paradigm. It has been established that the representation of a nation is normatively and value-wise conditioned by the foundations of «liberal metaphysics»; it is necessary to distinguish between «civil» and «ethnic» nationalisms, which does not have «empirical foundations» (R. Brubaker); attribution to value as a way of constructing an ideal-typical concept of nationalism presupposes the need for an assessment conditioned by the way nationalism is presented; the moral and political disqualification of «ethnic nationalism» as an invalid «remnant» (V. Pareto) is thus «built in» into scientific research, which is at the same time an ideological instrument and a political program. The philosophical interpretation of the meaning of the representation of nationalism in liberal social science, external in relation to the dominant paradigm of the political, provides scientific novelty and leads to the conclusion: a «civil nation» is valid as a political project that presupposes a «historiographic recalculation of the past» (M. Heidegger), retrospectively placing the beginning of nationalism in past. In the course of the presentation, the practical significance of the conclusion is clarified: the theory of the «civilized nation» presupposes drawing a border between «civilized» and — «cultural» and «natural» nationalisms as political enemies that must be removed: drawing the line between «civil» and «ethnic» nationalisms has both scientific and political significance; These circumstances contribute to the understanding of the meaning and the assigned goal of the nation-building process and the practice of national politics.
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Demazière, Didier, Serge Paugam, and Didier Demaziere. "La disqualification sociale. Essai sur la nouvelle pauvreté." Revue Française de Sociologie 33, no. 1 (January 1992): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3322344.
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Roulleau-Berger, Laurence, and Lu Shi. "Inégalités, disqualification sociale et violences symboliques à Shanghai." Journal des anthropologues, no. 96-97 (June 1, 2004): 233–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/jda.1857.
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Sélimanovski, Catherine. "Effets de lieu et processus de disqualification sociale." Espace populations sociétés, no. 2009/1 (February 1, 2009): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/eps.3609.
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Wander da Silva, Diego, and Rudimar Baldissera. "Direcionamento da visibilidade nas mídias sociais a partir da estratégia de baralhamento / Targeting visibility on social medias from the shuffling strategy." Revista Internacional de Relaciones Públicas XI, no. 21 (June 28, 2021): 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5783/rirp-21-2021-10-189-206.
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Our research is inserted in the context of relationship with publics in digital environments. Specifically, it is related to strategies for directing visibility in social medias, triggered when identifying risks or emerging issues (in society and/or in the media) that may go against how organizations want to be perceived (Da Silva & Baldissera, 2019). We understand that visibility, in its broadest sense, is usually indicated as the most incident desire of organizations in social media (Silva, 2020). However, studies that deal with this theme tend to disregard the fact that being in the spotlight can be negative, especially when the correlated issues and approaches are unfavorable or uninteresting. In these cases, organizations, opportunely, activate a set of strategies that try – along the dynamics of relationship and interaction with the publics – to direct visibility towards something that seems (more) opportune to them (Da Silva, 2018). The purposes of this article are reflect on the notions and practices of (in)visibility in social medias and present initiatives adopted by organizations aiming at shuffling and misunderstanding a situation, as a strategy to direct visibility in these medias. Symbolic interactionism is the epistemic foundation of research. Discussions are based on reports from professionals working in agencies affiliated to the Brazilian Association of Digital Agents, collected in depth interviews by Da Silva (2018), which evidenced such initiatives. The results reveal a set of eight possibilities from which associations seek to lead visibility to approaches that do not conflict with the positioning desires or that are less harmful in comparison with other senses seen, or with this potential. We are referring to the deviation of the focus towards positive guidelines, the generation of facts, the promotion of other approaches based on paid investment, the infiltration of organizational actors in the discussions, the “purchase of audience”, the incidence or hiring of influencers, the competitor imbalance, and the optimization of the desired visibility in search engines. Such findings signal professionalization at the sociotechnical level, since there are a number of alternatives adopted in order to preserve organizations. We observed these results with concern and problematized them from the perspective of the public interest, because there are ethical distortions that can cause significant damage to society. The practices learned show and allowed us to perceive that there are many dynamics that are part of the problem we have discussed. All these paths disturb us. In these cases, there is a certain disqualification of the place (and strength) of the subjects, who seem to be led/perceived almost like “puppets”, in a conception that organizational interventions lead to certain behaviors, which have already been predicted. An action-reaction idea prevails. It is important to emphasize that, if, on the one hand, appropriations of visibility targeting strategies can enhance the communication processes of organizations and their public presence in the sense they want, on the other hand, they can lead organizations to different levels of "omission" and/or concealment of matters of public interest, ranging from moral issues to legal commitments. This situation is enhanced, in the current context, due to the incipient initiatives that aim to observe and, in some way, monitor these (potentially) abusive practices, such as the distortion of information, the dissemination of false news and the act of spreading rumors (Henriques & Silva, 2014). Furthermore, “most of the time, surveillance initiatives end up discovering abusive practices long after the effects of those actions, which implies a research that is always focused on the past” (Henriques & Silva, 2020: 49).
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Nourrisson, Didier. "La représentation des drogues dans l’histoire des sociétés. Le cas français." Drogues, santé et société 16, no. 2 (November 13, 2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1041850ar.
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L’histoire des drogues se fond dans l’histoire des hommes. Le mot lui-même mélange santé (médicament) et maladie (toxique), bien-être et mal-être, humanité et dangerosité sociale. Les drogues et leurs usagers sont abondamment montrés dans la littérature et les arts. Leur présence même vaut la définition des normes de vie en société : tolérance ou intolérance, sociabilité ou disqualification sociale, intégration ou exclusion. Elles permettent même d’étudier les consommations et leurs représentations sous l’angle du genre. Question d’époque. Trois périodes sont en effet considérées : un temps où la curiosité pour les drogues le dispute à l’enthousiasme et où le savoir-vivre passe par l’échange entre pairs (XVIe-XVIIIe siècle) ; un temps où les drogues, sous l’effet de la démocratisation de leurs usages, commencent à inquiéter la gent médicale (XIXe siècle) ; un temps enfin où la réglementation, voire l’interdiction des drogues (stupéfiants, alcool et tabac) provoque la disqualification sociale des usagers.