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Journal articles on the topic 'Social-ecological traps'
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Boonstra, Wiebren Johannes, Emma Björkvik, L. Jamila Haider, and Vanessa Masterson. "Human responses to social-ecological traps." Sustainability Science 11, no. 6 (September 29, 2016): 877–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-016-0397-x.
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Cinner, J. E. "Social-ecological traps in reef fisheries." Global Environmental Change 21, no. 3 (August 2011): 835–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.04.012.
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Boonstra, Wiebren J., and Florianne W. de Boer. "The Historical Dynamics of Social–Ecological Traps." AMBIO 43, no. 3 (July 3, 2013): 260–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-013-0419-1.
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Tidball, Keith G. "Traps in and of our minds: relationships between human logic, dialectical traps and social-ecological traps." Sustainability Science 11, no. 6 (September 23, 2016): 867–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-016-0396-y.
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Golden, Christopher D., Jessica A. Gephart, Jacob G. Eurich, Douglas J. McCauley, Michael K. Sharp, Neil L. Andrew, and Katherine L. Seto. "Social-ecological traps link food systems to nutritional outcomes." Global Food Security 30 (September 2021): 100561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100561.
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Swanson, Heather Anne. "The entrapment of trap design: Materiality, political economy and the shifting worlds of fixed gear fishing equipment." Journal of Material Culture 24, no. 4 (March 24, 2019): 401–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359183519828769.
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Anthropologists have often focused on what one can read about the worlds of hunters and prey from the forms of traps. This article demonstrates, however, that a trap’s design is not always tightly coupled to the worlds within which it is deployed. Using the case of Columbia River salmon traps, it shows how the social, economic and ecological roles of traps can dramatically change – even as their physical shape remains the same. In the late 19th century, these traps were lucrative for their owners, but unpopular with the region’s gillnet fishermen. The fishermen feared that traps entrapped the community in a problematic form of political economy – that they created the wrong kind of subjects and social order, concentrating wealth in the hands of a small, lazy owner class. The fishermen argued that such problems inhered in the materiality of the traps and that their physical design produced inequality that jeapordized the community. The gillnetters ultimately won over the government with their arguments, and fish traps were banned. But the banning of traps has subsequently proved entrapping. Today, some of the river’s salmon are listed as endangered species. Gillnets, which often kill fish before they are hauled in, do not allow fishermen to sort out endangered and unendangered fish; they are thus being phased out. Traps that keep fish alive in their holds would allow for sorting out and releasing endangered fish, and they are now heralded as an environmentally sustainable technology by conservationists. But after decades of arguments that traps embody and create unjust economic forms, it is logistically and socially difficult to bring back traps. Based on this example, this article proposes an approach to traps that gives special attention to how the material force of traps shifts as they are linked to different ecological contexts and practices of political economy.
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Cumming, Graeme S. "A Review of Social Dilemmas and Social-Ecological Traps in Conservation and Natural Resource Management." Conservation Letters 11, no. 1 (May 30, 2017): e12376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/conl.12376.
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Uden, Daniel, Craig Allen, Francisco Munoz-Arriola, Gengxin Ou, and Nancy Shank. "A Framework for Tracing Social–Ecological Trajectories and Traps in Intensive Agricultural Landscapes." Sustainability 10, no. 5 (May 20, 2018): 1646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10051646.
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Brinkmann, Katja, Daniel Kübler, Stefan Liehr, and Andreas Buerkert. "Agent-based modelling of the social-ecological nature of poverty traps in southwestern Madagascar." Agricultural Systems 190 (May 2021): 103125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103125.
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Wrathall, David J., Jeffrey Bury, Mark Carey, Bryan Mark, Jeff McKenzie, Kenneth Young, Michel Baraer, Adam French, and Costanza Rampini. "Migration Amidst Climate Rigidity Traps: Resource Politics and Social–Ecological Possibilism in Honduras and Peru." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 104, no. 2 (February 20, 2014): 292–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2013.873326.
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Jacques, Gabriel Castro, Epifânio Pires, Marcel Gustavo Hermes, Lucas Del Bianco Faria, Marcos Magalhães Souza, and Luis Claudio Paterno Silveira. "Evaluating the efficiency of different sampling methods to survey social wasps (Vespidae: Polistinae) in an anthropized environment." Sociobiology 65, no. 3 (October 2, 2018): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v65i3.2849.
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Social wasps play important ecological roles, such as the natural biological control of other arthropods as well as major components of the flower-visiting insect guild. Despite many studies focusing on the survey of these organisms in Brazil, information on the community structure of polistines in anthropized environmets is still rare. The goals of the present study were: i) to survey the social wasp fauna in an anthropized area in the transition of Cerrado and Atlantic Forest; ii) to investigate the efficiency of two sampling methods, namely active search for wasps and the use of attractive traps; iii) to investigate the performance of different attractive baits in the capture success of social wasps in the study area. Sampling of social wasps was conducted by actively searching for individuals and by using attractive traps. A total of 40 species was recorded, with Agelaia multipicta and Agelaia vicina species being the most frequently collected with attractive traps and Mischocyttarus cassununga by actively searching for wasps. In all analyses performed (except when comparing abundance of social wasps considering the molasses bait and the active search), actively searching for wasps was the best method. This is also highlighted by the fact that the time spent actively capturing polistines was considerably lower than the time (and costs) that the traps were left in the field. Active search, as demonstrated by previous studies, remains as the best capturing methodology when surveying Neotropical social wasps, either in natural or anthropized environments.
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Perrings, Charles. "Introduction: Resilience and sustainability." Environment and Development Economics 3, no. 2 (May 1998): 221–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x98210126.
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One of the most interesting and potentially useful outcomes of recent collaboration between natural and social scientists concerned with the sustainability of jointly determined ecological-economic systems is the application of the ecological concept of resilience. In its broadest sense, resilience is a measure of the ability of a system to withstand stresses and shocks – its ability to persist in an uncertain world. For many policy-makers, however, the concern that desirable states or processes may not be ‘sustainable’ is balanced by the concern that individuals and societies may get ‘locked-in’ to undesirable states or processes. Many low-income countries, for example, are thought to have been caught in poverty traps, and poverty traps have since been seen as a major cause of environmental degradation (Dasgupta, 1993). Other examples of ‘lock-in’ include our dependence on hydrocarbon-based technologies, or the institutional and cultural rigidities that stand in the way of change (Hanna, Folke, and Mäler, 1996). Such states or processes are too persistent.
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Arkham, M. Nur, Arif Trihandoyo, and Agus Ramli. "SMALL SCALE FISHERIES AND CRUSTASEAN RESOURCES LINKAGES IN NORTH MADURA WATERS: SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL CONNECTIVITY STUDIES." Coastal and Ocean Journal (COJ) 2, no. 1 (November 3, 2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/coj.2.1.1-10.
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Crustaceans is a fishery resource that has high economic value, where a lot of demand for exports from crustacean group. Small-scale fisheries have become the foundation for the fishermen who live in coastal areas. The purpose of this study is to identify the resource utilization of crustaceans by small-scale fisheries in North Madura Waters, and assess dependency on the existence of small-scale fisheries resources existing crustaceans in North Madura Waters. The research method is direct observation, interviews, and free dialogue with some of the respondents. The results that have been obtained from this study, so it can be concluded that small-scale fishermen who make arrests crustacean resources in North Madura Waters is fishing with fish traps and fishing gear dogol that land their catch in PPI Kranji, Sampang PPI and PPI Tamberu. Dominant Commodities catch is crabs, tiger shrimp and white shrimp. The results of the small-scale fisheries dependence on resources from the index dependence crustaceans seen mention that fishermen who landed the catch in PPI Kranji, Sampang PPI and PPI Tamberu have a resource dependency with crustaceans with an index value of 21.74; 13.87; and 0.42.
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crustacea, small scale fisheries, dipandance crustacea index, North Madura Waters
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Enfors, Elin. "Social–ecological traps and transformations in dryland agro-ecosystems: Using water system innovations to change the trajectory of development." Global Environmental Change 23, no. 1 (February 2013): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.10.007.
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Bae, Jae Soo, and Yeon-Su Kim. "History Lessons from the Late Joseon Dynasty Period of Korea: Human Technology (Ondol), Its Impacts on Forests and People, and the Role of the Government." Forests 11, no. 12 (December 10, 2020): 1314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11121314.
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Historical analogies can help us contextualize new technical developments with social, cultural, and political forces at work. The late Joseon Dynasty period of Korea (1639–1910), a closed economy with detailed written records, provides a rare opportunity to examine a social-ecological system (SES) responding to drivers of change over a long period of time. Based on historical records and reconstructed data, we aim to: (1) characterize how the expansion of human technology, Ondol (traditional underfloor heating system), affected different subsystems and their interactions within the SES over time, (2) examine the role of the government in promoting the technology and regulating its impacts, and (3) summarize the pertinent lessons learned from old Korea for governing a modern-day bioeconomy. Ondol allows various forest biomass to be utilized as household fuel, including fuelwood, forest litter, and grass scraped from forest floor. Continuous biomass harvesting over 250 years to feed Ondol contributed to forest degradation and the forest ecosystem condition trapped in the early successional stage in the Korean Peninsula. The ecological changes were exacerbated by the Pine Policy with a singular focus on reserving Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora Siebold and Zucc.) for government uses. The policy failed to recognize basic needs of the public while countenancing an expansion of Ondol and a cultural preference for heated floors that propagated an increased use of biomass fuel. This case illustrates the importance of recognizing potential technology traps where a human innovation opened opportunities for more resource use. The lessons learned from old Korea show that bioeconomy transitions would require multifaceted governance responses while being cautious about being too closely tied to the dominant national agenda. Environmental history has much to offer for understanding the social and ecological systemic risks of the current technical developments. We call for more historical analogs from different parts of the world to “move forward by looking back”.
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Wooster, Eamonn, Arian D. Wallach, and Daniel Ramp. "The Wily and Courageous Red Fox: Behavioural Analysis of a Mesopredator at Resource Points Shared by an Apex Predator." Animals 9, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9110907.
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The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a widespread and ecologically significant terrestrial mesopredator, that has expanded its range with human globalisation. Despite this, we know relatively little about their behaviour under the wide range of ecological conditions they experience, particularly how they navigate the risk of encounters with apex predators. We conducted the first ethological study of foxes outside their historic native range, in Australia, where both the foxes and their main predator were protected from human hunting. Using remote camera traps, we recorded foxes visiting key resource points regularly utilised by territorial dingoes (Canis dingo), their local apex predator, in the Painted Desert, South Australia. We constructed an ethogram sensitive to a range of behaviours and attitudes. Since foxes are suppressed by dingoes, we expected that the foxes would primarily be in a cautious state. In contrast, we found that foxes were in a confident state most of the time. Where human hunting is absent, social stability of predators may increase predictability and therefore decrease fear.
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BLOOMFIELD, H. J., C. J. SWEETING, A. C. MILL, S. M. STEAD, and N. V. C. POLUNIN. "No-trawl area impacts: perceptions, compliance and fish abundances." Environmental Conservation 39, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892912000112.
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SUMMARYMPAs are being established worldwide at an increasing rate, however empirical evidence for benefits to mobile species of small areas closed to fishing in temperate regions are little known. Using two North Sea prohibited trawling areas (PTAs) established > 80 years ago, social (fishers’ perceptions), management (fishing effort and compliance) and ecological (fish abundance and size) data were combined to assess the PTAs against their primary societal (conflict resolution) and secondary ecological (stock protection) objectives. Fishers perceived that the PTAs resolved conflicts between static and mobile gear sectors, despite evidence of non-compliance. However, few fishers perceived that they personally benefited from the PTAs. Fish abundance and size data from baited traps (BT) and video (BV) provided no evidence of PTA effects, but trawling effort was a significant predictor of BT fish abundance data and improved the model of BV fish abundance data. The absence of PTA effects on fish is attributable to non-compliance, the high mobility of the fish involved and their continued exploitation within the PTAs using static gear. This points to the need for greater understanding of the behaviour of fishers in relation to closures. The study also highlights the challenges of quantifying possible fishery benefits of small temperate closed areas and questions whether widely advocated fishery benefits may have enhanced initial support, but failure to deliver them may erode faith in such closures as a fisheries management tool.
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Mountjoy, Daniel C., and Stephen R. Gliessman. "Traditional management of a hillside agroecosystem in Tlaxcala, Mexico: An ecologically based maintenance system." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 3, no. 1 (1988): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300002058.
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AbstractTraditional agricultural systems are increasingly being recognized as important examples of ecologically sustainable production methods and as such deserve agroecological attention. In a study of terrace agriculture in Tlaxcala, Mexico, the authors identify several management features which have been used for as long as three thousand years. The theoretical approach employs the notion of open versus closed agroecosystems for examining soil and water management, species diversity, and nutrient cycling. In the traditional system, conservation of existing resources is the distinctive feature whereas, with modern techniques, the emphasis is on replacement. The most distinctive feature of the Tlaxcalan agroecosystem is the terrace/cajete complex which serves to contain heavy downpours and trap eroded soil, ensures diversity of plant species, and traps and concentrates nutrients. The functioning of this traditional system is endangered by new management strategies that have responded to external political, economic and social pressures for change. This article discusses the ecological repercussions of these new practices and suggests ways that appropriate elements may be integrated to promote the sustainability of food production.
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Bharucha, Zareen, and Jules Pretty. "The roles and values of wild foods in agricultural systems." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1554 (September 27, 2010): 2913–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0123.
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Almost every ecosystem has been amended so that plants and animals can be used as food, fibre, fodder, medicines, traps and weapons. Historically, wild plants and animals were sole dietary components for hunter–gatherer and forager cultures. Today, they remain key to many agricultural communities. The mean use of wild foods by agricultural and forager communities in 22 countries of Asia and Africa (36 studies) is 90–100 species per location. Aggregate country estimates can reach 300–800 species (e.g. India, Ethiopia, Kenya). The mean use of wild species is 120 per community for indigenous communities in both industrialized and developing countries. Many of these wild foods are actively managed, suggesting there is a false dichotomy around ideas of the agricultural and the wild: hunter–gatherers and foragers farm and manage their environments, and cultivators use many wild plants and animals. Yet, provision of and access to these sources of food may be declining as natural habitats come under increasing pressure from development, conservation-exclusions and agricultural expansion. Despite their value, wild foods are excluded from official statistics on economic values of natural resources. It is clear that wild plants and animals continue to form a significant proportion of the global food basket, and while a variety of social and ecological drivers are acting to reduce wild food use, their importance may be set to grow as pressures on agricultural productivity increase.
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Souza, Marcos Magalhães de, Heloina Nathalliê Mariano da Silva, João Batista Dallo, Lizandra de Fátima Martins, Lucas Rocha Milani, and Mateus Aparecido Clemente. "Biodiversity of Social Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) at Altitudes Above 1600 Meters in the Parque Estadual da Serra do Papagaio, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil." EntomoBrasilis 8, no. 3 (December 21, 2015): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v8i3.519.
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The Parque Estadual da Serra do Papagaio is the largest area of natural preservation in the south of Minas Gerais, with areas of Floresta Atlantica, Floresta de Araucaria and Campos de Altitude. Although this is an area of biological importance, there are many groups that have not yet been studied there: for example social wasps, which are insects belonging to order Hymenoptera, family Vespidae, which play an important ecological role in different ecosystems. This study was carried out in the aforementioned natural preservation area at altitudes between 1600 and 2200 m in 20 days of sampling between July of 2013 and April of 2014, using active searches and attractive traps to record species. Twenty two species of social wasps were sampled, distributed in seven genera. This number is small compared to counts from other studies in this state, which is probably due to the high altitude of this area. There was a predominance of nests with protective casings in the most common species recorded, and the most populous species was Polybia fastidiosuscula Saussure, a finding that can be explained by the superior thermoregulation afforded by the nest casing. Two other common species were Mischocyttarus drewseni Saussure, and Mischocyttarus rotundicolis (Cameron), which have nests without casings; however, these species have dark coloration, as does the substrate used for nesting, and can therefore enhance retention of solar radiation; nevertheless, other biotic and abiotic factors could be involved.Biodiversidade de Vespas Sociais (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) em Áreas de Altitude Acima de 1600 Metros do Parque Estadual da Serra do Papagaio, Estado de Minas Gerais, BrasilResumo. O Parque Estadual da Serra do Papagaio é a maior Unidade de Conservação do sul de Minas Gerais, com áreas de Mata Atlântica, floresta de Araucária e Campos de Altitude. Apesar da importância biológica da área, muitos grupos animais não foram estudados, como as vespas sociais, insetos que pertencem à ordem Hymenoptera, família Vespidae, e que desempenham importante papel ecológico em diferentes ecossistemas. O estudo foi conduzido nessa Unidade de Conservação em altitudes entre 1600 a 2200 m, no período de julho de 2013 a abril de 2014, durante vinte dias de amostragem, utilizando busca ativa e armadilhas atrativas para registro das espécies. Foram amostradas 22 espécies de vespas sociais distribuídas em sete gêneros. Número menor em relação a outros estudos do estado, o que, provavelmente, foi ocasionado pela elevada altitude. Houve uma predominância de ninhos com invólucro protetor e a espécie mais frequente foi Polybia fastidiosuscula Saussure, o que pode ser explicado pela melhor regulação térmica obtida pelo invólucro. Outras duas espécies frequentes foram Mischocyttarus drewseni Saussure e Mischocyttarus rotundicolis (Cameron) que possuem ninhos sem invólucro, porém essas espécies possuem coloração escura, assim como o substrato utilizado para nidificação e isso poderia reter melhor a radiação solar. Contudo outros fatores bióticos e abióticos podem estar envolvidos.
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Poudel, Jiban Mani. "Pond Becomes a Lake: Challenges Posed by Climate Change in the Trans-Himalayan Regions of Nepal." Journal of Forest and Livelihood 16, no. 1 (October 31, 2018): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v16i1.22884.
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Satellite images, repeated photography, temperature and precipitation data, and other proxy scientific evidences support the claim that climate is changing rapidly in Nepal, including in the Trans-Himalayan regions of the country. Climate change in the Trans-Himalayan region of Nepal is altering the existing relations of functional socio-ecological system for generations. This ethnographic assessment of Nhāson village looks at the disturbance posed by climate change to the social and ecological relationship in reference to livestock management practices. It focuses on two thematic areas of communities’ verbalisation of issues and challenges faced by the mountain herders in the climate change context. This paper is the product of ethnographic study between the years 2012 and 2014 in Nhāson. The locals’ attachment to environment and witnesses of change is capable of telling the story on the disturbance of climate change in the social and ecological systems, contextually. The stories gathered during walking, herding, travelling, watching and observing of the places are “real stories” with insights into the past climate variability and fluctuation which is critically valuable to understand the environmental phenomena at times when scientific evidences are not sufficient. Ethnographic study can contribute in documenting the place and cultural specific stories as a powerful evidence to climate change and its impact on grounded social and ecological systems.
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Shi, Tian. "The Domain and Essence of Ecological Economics." Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 16, no. 4 (July 2005): 441–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02601079x05001600405.
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Ecological economics is an emerging research field that directly inquires into the working properties of economic-environmental interactions, the dynamic relationships within which humans interact, and the processes through which humans can affect these interactions towards a sustainable development future. The emphasis on the biophysical constraints distinguishes ecological economics from conventional economics. An alternative perspective on economic-environmental interactions, a trans-disciplinary analytical framework and a participatory process for policy formulation are identified as essential elements in the hard core of this research endeavor towards sustainability. From the ecological economics perspective, the efficient allocation and utilization of limited natural and environmental resources as the basis for maximizing economic welfare has been subsumed within the broader objectives of ecological-economic-social sustainable development. Ecological economics attempts to improve scientific understanding of the natural and social processes relating to human interactions with the environment and, at the same time, provide information relevant to decision-making on sustainable development.
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Archer, Michael. "The social wasp Vespula germanica (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) population dynamics in England over 39 years." Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 154, no. 2 (April 28, 2018): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31184/m00138908.1542.3906.
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1. Yearly records of worker Vespula germanica (Fabricius) taken in suction traps at Silwood Park (28 years) and at Rothamsted Research (39 years) are examined. 2. Using the autocorrelation function (ACF), a significant negative 1-year lag followed by a lesser non-significant positive 2-year lag was found in all, or parts of, each data set, indicating an underlying population dynamic of a 2-year cycle with a damped waveform. 3. The minimum number of years before the 2-year cycle with damped waveform was shown varied between 17 and 26, or was not found in some data sets. 4. Ecological factors delaying or preventing the occurrence of the 2-year cycle are considered.
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Childress, Michael J., Katherine A. Heldt, and Scott D. Miller. "Are juvenile Caribbean spiny lobsters (Panulirus argus) becoming less social?" ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, suppl_1 (March 19, 2015): i170—i176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv045.
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Abstract Caribbean spiny lobsters are one of the most commercially important fisheries due in large part to their highly gregarious nature that facilitates their harvest by the use of traps or aggregation devices containing conspecifics. Aggregation in this species has been shown to be due to strong attraction to conspecific chemical cues that influence movement rates, discovery of crevice shelters, and den sharing behaviours. Although aggregation has been shown to have many potential benefits (reduction in exposure time and predation risk), it may also have significant costs as well (increase in predator encounters, disease transmission, and fishing mortality). We compared the results of three published and three unpublished Y-maze chemical cue choice experiments from 1996 to 2012 to determine if there has been a decrease in conspecific attraction by early benthic juvenile Caribbean spiny lobsters (15–55 mm carapace length, CL). We found that attraction to conspecific chemical cues decreased since 2010 and was significantly lower in 2012. Lobsters showed individual variation in conspecific attraction but this variation was unrelated to size, sex, or dominance status. We also found localized regional variation in conspecific attraction with lobsters from high shelter/high disease areas showing significantly lower conspecific attraction than those from low shelter/low disease areas. Given that conspecific attraction varies among individuals and potentially increases mortality through either natural (increased disease transmission) or fishery-induced (attraction to traps) mechanisms, we should play close attention to this loss of conspecific attraction in juvenile lobsters. Future studies should investigate both the causation and the ecological significance of changes in conspecific attraction in regions that vary in intensity of disease (PaV1) and fishing pressure.
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Vlasov, Maxim, Karl Johan Bonnedahl, and Zsuzsanna Vincze. "Entrepreneurship for resilience: embeddedness in place and in trans-local grassroots networks." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 12, no. 3 (July 9, 2018): 374–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-12-2017-0100.
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Purpose This paper aims to contribute to the emerging entrepreneurship research that deals with resilience by examining how embeddedness in place and in trans-local grassroots networks influences proactive entrepreneurship for local resilience. Design/methodology/approach Three theoretical propositions are developed on the basis of the existing literature. These propositions are assisted with brief empirical illustrations of grassroots innovations from the context of agri-food systems. Findings Embeddedness in place and in trans-local grassroots networks enables proactive entrepreneurship for local resilience. Social-cultural embeddedness in place facilitates access to local resources and legitimacy, and creation of social value in the community. Ecological embeddedness in place facilitates spotting and leveraging of environmental feedbacks and creation of ecological value. Embeddedness in trans-local grassroots networks provides entrepreneurs with unique resources, including globally transferable knowledge about sustainability challenges and practical solutions to these challenges. As result, entrepreneurship for resilience is explained as an embedding process. Embedding means attuning of practices to local places, as well as making global resources, including knowledge obtained in grassroots networks, work in local settings. Research limitations/implications Researchers should continue developing the emerging domain of entrepreneurship for resilience. Practical implications The objective of resilience and due respect to local environment may entail a need to consider appropriate resourcing practices and organisational models. Social implications The critical roles of place-based practices for resilience deserve more recognition in today’s globalised world. Originality/value The specific importance of the ecological dimension of embeddedness in place is emphasised. Moreover, by combining entrepreneurship and grassroots innovation literatures, which have talked past each other to date, this paper shows how local and global resources are leveraged throughout the embedding process. Thereby, it opens unexplored research avenues within the emerging domain of entrepreneurship for resilience.
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Kotru, R., R. S. Rawal, P. K. Mathur, N. Chettri, S. A. Chaudhari, K. Uddin, M. S. R. Murthy, and S. Singh. "Effective Management of Trans boundary Landscapes – Geospatial Applications." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (November 28, 2014): 1309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-1309-2014.
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The Convention on Biological Diversity advocates the use of landscape and ecosystem approaches for managing biodiversity, in recognition of the need for increased regional cooperation. In this context, ICIMOD and regional partners have evolved Transboundary Landscape concept to address the issues of conservation and sustainable use of natural resources and systems (e.g., biodiversity, rangelands, farming systems, forests, wetlands, and watersheds, etc.). This concept defines the landscapes by ecosystems rather than political/administrative boundaries. The Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region is extremely heterogeneous, with complex inter linkages of biomes and habitats as well as strong upstream-downstream linkages related to the provisioning of ecosystem services. Seven such transboundary landscapes, identified across west to east extent of HKH, have been considered for programmatic cooperation, include: Wakhan, Karakoram-Pamir, Kailash, Everest, Kangchenjunga, Brahmaputra-Salween, and Cherrapunjee- Chittagong. The approach is people centered and considers the cultural conservation as an essential first step towards resource conservation efforts in the region. Considering the multi-scale requirements of study, the geospatial technology has been effectively adopted towards: (i) understanding temporal changes in landscapes, (ii) long term ecological and social monitoring, (ii) identifying potential bio corridors, (iii) assessing landscape level vulnerability due to climatic and non-climatic drivers, and (iv) developing local plans on extractions of high value economic species supporting livelihoods, agroforestry system and ecotourism, etc. We present here our recent experiences across different landscapes on assessment of three decadal changes, vegetation type mapping, assessment of socio-ecological drivers, corridor assessment, ecosystem services assessment, models for optimal natural resource use systems and long term socio-ecological monitoring.
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Sajeva, Maurizio, Marjo Maidell, and Jonne Kotta. "A Participatory Geospatial Toolkit for Science Integration and Knowledge Transfer Informing SDGs Based Governance and Decision Making." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 30, 2020): 8088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198088.
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While the specialisation of science is important for understanding specific systems, the isolation of scientific schools in their disciplinary silos makes it harder to understand the interactions within and between systems and limits the wisdom about the whole systems’ sustainability. Science integration and its practical implementation is a key factor of success for sustainable development. The aim of this paper is to present a participatory geospatial toolkit developed during the BONUS MARES project that enables science integration and knowledge transfer informing SDGs based governance and decision making. This was realized through the Eco-GAME (Governance Assessment Matrix Exercise) framework, trans-disciplinary social learning for the meta-evaluation of existing knowledge about human-nature systems interaction—manifested through ecosystem services. The Eco-GAME was applied to a participatory geospatial toolkit that translates complex ecological knowledge on ecosystems, ecosystem functions, and services produced into more usable forms to inform evidence-based decision-making in pursuit of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This is the first attempt, in the context of geospatial applications, to support dynamic interaction, trans-disciplinary social-learning, and multi-dimensional appreciation of ecosystem services for integrating ecological, non-economic and economic knowledge and methods. The toolkit is being implemented in the MAREA project.
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Love, Kieran, David J. Kurz, Ian P. Vaughan, Alison Ke, Luke J. Evans, and Benoit Goossens. "Bearded pig (Sus barbatus) utilisation of a fragmented forest–oil palm landscape in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo." Wildlife Research 44, no. 8 (2017): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr16189.
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Context Oil palm plantations have become a dominant landscape in Southeast Asia, yet we still understand relatively little about the ways wildlife are adapting to fragmented mosaics of forest and oil palm. The bearded pig is of great ecological, social and conservation importance in Borneo and is declining in many parts of its range due to deforestation, habitat fragmentation and overhunting. Aims We assessed how the bearded pig is adapting to oil palm expansion by investigating habitat utilisation, activity patterns, body condition and minimum group size in a mosaic landscape composed of forest fragments and surrounding oil palm plantations. Methods We conducted our study in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, in and around the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary, a protected area consisting of secondary forest fragments (ranging 1200–7400ha) situated within an extensive oil palm matrix. We modelled bearded pig habitat use in forest fragments and oil palm plantations using survey data from line transects. Camera traps placed throughout the forest fragments were used to assess pig activity patterns, body condition and minimum group size. Key results All forest transects and 80% of plantation transects showed pig presence, but mean pig signs per transect were much more prevalent in forest (70.00±13.00s.e.) than in plantations (0.91±0.42s.e.). Pig tracks had a positive relationship with leaf cover and a negative relationship with grass cover; pig rooting sites had a positive relationship with wet and moderate soils compared with drier soils. Ninety-five percent of pigs displayed ‘good’ or ‘very good’ body condition in forests across the study area. Pigs also aggregated in small groups (mean=2.7±0.1s.e. individuals), and showed largely diurnal activity patterns with peak activity taking place at dawn and dusk. Groups with piglets and juveniles were more active during the day and less active at night as compared to overall activity patterns for all groups. Conclusions Our findings suggest that bearded pigs in our study area regularly utilise oil palm as habitat, as indicated by their signs in most oil palm sites surveyed. However, secondary forest fragments are used much more frequently and for a wider range of behaviours (e.g. nesting, wallowing) than adjacent oil palm plantations. These forests clearly remain the most important habitat for the bearded pig in the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary, and their protection is a high conservation priority for this species. Implications Consistent bearded pig presence in oil palm is potentially an indication of successful adaptation to agricultural expansion in the study area. The apparently good body condition displayed by the vast majority of pigs in our study likely results from year-round cross-border fruit subsidies from surrounding oil palm plantations. The consistent diurnal activity displayed by groups containing piglets and juveniles may indicate predator avoidance strategies, whereas the substantial nocturnal activity we observed by other groups could suggest fewer threats for larger individuals. However, the overall effects of oil palm expansion in the region on bearded pig population health, foraging ecology, and movement ecology remain unknown.A
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Spett, Emma J. "Building Resilience in Trans-boundary Social-Ecological Systems: Adaptive Governance in the Lake Champlain Richelieu River Basin." Complexity, Governance & Networks 5, no. 1 (October 24, 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20377/cgn-81.
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Addressing the management of water bodies that cross political, cultural, and ecological boundaries entails working with a level of complexity that requires creative, adaptive management strategies that build resilience throughout the system and allow for increased capacity in the face of disturbance. To characterize the extent to which such complexity can be managed, this paper explores the application of the social-ecological systems framework, proposed by Brian Walker and David Salt, for assessing and managing resilience. Elements of this framework will be utilized with respect to the Lake Champlain Richelieu River Basin, which is a freshwater basin that exists between the United States and Canada, in Vermont, New York, and Quebec. The paper will end with considerations regarding how adaptive management and adaptive governance can be employed as tools to build resilience in this region.
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Balam-Ballote, Yariely del Rocío, José Adrián Cimé-Pool, Silvia Filomena Hernández-Betancourt, Juan Manuel Pech-Canché, Juan Carlos Sarmiento-Pérez, and Samuel Canul-Yah. "Mastofauna del ejido X-Can, Chemax, Yucatán, México." Revista Mexicana de Mastozoología (Nueva Epoca) 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ie.20074484e.2020.10.2.313.
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RESUMENEl conocimiento de la fauna silvestre presente en un sitio determinado es importante para implementar estrategias de conservación de la diversidad biológica. El objetivo de este trabajo fue elaborar una lista de los mamíferos silvestres colectados y registrados en el ejido X-can, municipio de Chemax, Yucatán, México. Para este estudio se utilizaron técnicas etnozoológicas tales como entrevistas y talleres de diagnóstico participativo. También se realizaron recorridos en diversos puntos del ejido para el registro de especies a través de métodos directos (avistamientos, trampas Tomahawk, Sherman, redes) e indirectos (huellas, excretas, madrigueras). En total se registraron 31 especies, 20 familias y siete órdenes. Los órdenes más diversos fueron Chiroptera y Rodentia con nueve especies cada uno, seguido por Carnivora con siete. Las especies Coendou mexicanus, Dasyprocta punctata, Cuniculus paca, Panthera onca, Herpailurus yagouaroundi, Eira barbara, Mustela frenata y Dicotyles crassus se registraron únicamente por técnicas sociales. Durante el estudio se identificaron cinco usos tales como alimento, medicinal, mascota, artesanal y ceremonial; en este último especies, como el venado cola blanca, el pecarí de collar y el tepezcuintleson usadas en la ceremonia denominada Ch’a’acháak. La especie Odocoileus virginianus fue la que presentó mayor número de usos (4). El ejido X-can posee fragmentos de selva mediana subcaducifolia con especies de mamíferos prioritarios para la conservación. Actividades como el ecoturismo integral podrían garantizar a mediano y largo plazo la conservación de la biodiversidad presente, así mismo, es indispensable difundir la importancia ecológica y económica de los mamíferos entre los pobladores.Palabras clave: Conservación, inventarios, selva mediana subcaducifolia, uso de mamíferos, Yucatán.ABSTRACTThe wildlife knowledge present in a given site is important to implement strategies for the conservation of biological diversity. The objective of this work was to make a list of the wild mammals collected and registered in the ejido X-Can, municipality of Chemax, Yucatán, México. For this study, ethnozoological techniques such as interviews and participatory diagnostic workshops were used. Trail tours were also carried out in various points of the ejido for the registration of species through direct methods (sightings, Tomahawk, Sherman traps, nets) and indirect (footprints, excreta, burrows). 31 species, 20 families and seven orders were recorded. The most diverse orders were Chiroptera and Rodentia with nine species each, followed by Carnivora with seven species. The species Coendou mexicanus, Dasyprocta punctata, Cuniculus paca, Panthera onca, Herpailurus yagouaroundi, Eira barbara, Mustela frenata and Dicotyles crassus were only registered by social techniques. During the study, five types of uses were identified such as food, medicinal, pet, artisanal and ceremonial use; in the latter, species such as the white-tailed deer, the collared peccary and the tepezcuintle are used in the ceremony called Ch’a’acháak. The species Odocoileus virginianus was the one with the highest number of uses (4). The ejido X-can has fragments of medium-deciduous forest with priority mammal species for conservation. Activities such as integral ecotourism could guarantee the conservation of the present biodiversity in the medium and long term. Likewise, it is essential to disseminate the ecological and economic importance of mammals among the inhabitants.Key words: Conservation, inventories, medium subdeciduous forest, use of mammals, Yucatan.
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Pearson, Diane M. "Landscape ecology: its role as a trans-disciplinary science for rangeland sustainability." Rangeland Journal 35, no. 4 (2013): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj12067.
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The aim is to review landscape ecology and the contribution it can make to sustainable rangeland management, using Australia as an example. An examination is made of how much traditional ecology, as a discipline, influences landscape ecology in Australia. Also evaluated is whether, under this influence, landscape ecology is emerging as effectively as it could be as a trans-disciplinary science that can contribute significantly to rangeland sustainability. Surveys of landscape ecologists in Australia make it possible to classify Australian landscape ecology as being ‘unidirectional interdisciplinary’ in approach, with ecology being the coordinating discipline. The important contribution that research under this classification provides in terms of understanding structure, process, and change in rangelands is recognised and acknowledged. However, the question is raised as to whether following an ecological construct is constraining the application of landscape ecology more widely to address the complex environmental problems facing Australia’s (and the world’s) rangelands that also require consideration of the social and geographical aspects of landscapes. Recent shifts in the landscape ecological paradigm towards a science for sustainability that links science and practice, with particular focus on landscape design, social and cultural aspects of landscapes, and the value associated with landscape services, make landscape ecology increasingly more useful as a ‘goal-oriented’ approach for addressing rangeland sustainability. This paper suggests that those involved in rangeland management need to consider landscape ecology within its wider context. In doing so, it is argued that they should explore the possibilities it has to offer in dealing with development and management of rangelands, including interrelationships between people and landscapes, and to ensure ecosystem goods and services valued by people are preserved.
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Moreva, E. L. "Environmental Aspects of Cooperation in Atomic Industry at the Post-Soviet Space." Economics, taxes & law 12, no. 5 (October 31, 2019): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/1999-849x-2019-12-5-82-89.
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The importance of the research lies in crucial significance of atomic industry ecological effects for people vital functions that can greatly restrict the sector’s development. Overcoming unfavorable atomic industry environmental impact is often seen in a way of technical technological development when it is possible to prevent, mitigate and/or neutralize the negative effects from its operating. But this is just part of the solution. The subject of this research addresses the ecological impact of atomic operations on the economic activity of the atomic industry enterprises in the post-soviet space and on the ways of optimizing their productive institutional construction at different levels of trans-border regions.The purpose of the work is to define the meaning of negative impact anticipating for the growth and development of the atomic industry while implementing innovative projects of local / national levels; participating in international competition and interaction for integration on the post-soviet space.It is concluded that inventory-making has crucial importance for atomic industry development. At the local/national level within two-side contacts it is expressed in stimulating the subjects of the industry to transform and perfect by national stakeholders and foreign competitors. At the level of trans-border connections such influence has not become the basis for productive integration interaction and atomic complex development because of the specificity of their subjects’ interests. The adequate inventory-making in institutional construction could allow using the possible ecological impacts of atomic production for their development and consolidating as a driver of social economic development at the postsoviet space.
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Lankiewcz, Hadrian, and Emilia Wąsikiewicz-Firlej. "THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR DEVELOPING INTERCULTURAL SENSITIVITY THROUGH TRANSLATION ACTIVITIES: BEYOND THE MONOLINGUAL PREMISE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE EDUCATION." Neofilolog, no. 52/2 (June 30, 2019): 313–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/n.2019.52.2.8.
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The article presents theoretical considerations pertaining to the use of trans-lation in foreign language teaching and argues for the reinstatement of trans-lation activities in language teaching to contribute to the development of in-tercultural sensitivity among language users. The authors build upon critical-ecological reflections in language education. They posit that a globalized world requires a departure from the monolingual language teaching para-digm, particularly in multicultural and multilingual contexts such as, for ex-ample, a united Europe. The argument touches upon the issues of neoliberal skills training, intercultural education, language pedagogy (glottodidactics), language acquisition and translation theories as well as observations of the practicalities imposed on L2 users by the postmodern reality and market forces. The authors present the incorporation of translation practices into foreign language teaching as a means of enhancing intercultural sensitivity and a way of fighting linguistic and cultural colonization. The ultimate goal – the new “paradigm shift” (Butzkamm and Caldwell, 2009) – is to contribute to social justice via foreign language education.
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MacDiarmid, Alison, Brian MacKenzie, and Henn Ojaveer. "Multidisciplinary perspectives on the history of human interactions with life in the ocean." ICES Journal of Marine Science 73, no. 5 (April 13, 2016): 1382–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw059.
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Abstract There is an essentially circular interaction between the human social system and the marine ecosystem. The Oceans Past V Conference “Multidisciplinary perspectives on the history of human interactions with life in the ocean” held in Tallinn, Estonia, in May 2015 was an opportunity for the presentation and discussion of papers on a diverse array of topics that examined this socio-ecological system from a historical perspective. Here we provide background to the disciplines participating in the conference and to the conference itself. We summarize the conference papers that appear in this special volume of the ICES JMS and highlight issues which arose during general discussion. We make two conclusions. First, to have greater impact and ensure more efficient use of knowledge gained from marine historical ecology (MHE) and marine environmental history (MEH) in ecosystem-based management and related policy development, practitioners need to work more routinely with population and ecological modellers and statisticians. This will allow greater processing of the available historical data to derive ecologically meaningful properties that can then be used to assess the ecological impact of long-term changes of affected species and define appropriate and realistic management targets. Second, increased multi- and trans-disciplinary effort is required to better understand the relative importance of different human demographic, technological, economic, and cultural drivers on the patterns, intensities and trajectories of human activities affecting marine ecosystems.
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Donovan, Catherine, and Rebecca Barnes. "Help-seeking among lesbian, gay, bisexual and/or transgender victims/survivors of domestic violence and abuse: The impacts of cisgendered heteronormativity and invisibility." Journal of Sociology 56, no. 4 (November 11, 2019): 554–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783319882088.
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Despite growing research into domestic violence and abuse (DVA) in lesbian, gay, bisexual and/or trans (LGB and/or T) people’s relationships, LGB and/or T people remain largely invisible in DVA policy and practice. Research evidence indicates that they primarily seek help from privatised sources such as counsellors/therapists and friends. The gap in knowledge about LGB and/or T victims/survivors’ help-seeking reflects and reinforces the success of neoliberal trends in privatising social problems by promoting self-care and individual responsibility. Using qualitative data from a mixed-methods UK study, this article offers an ecological analysis of LGB and/or T victims/survivors’ help-seeking decisions and barriers, demonstrating how cisgendered heteronormativity and LGBT invisibility permeate help-seeking at individual, interpersonal and socio-cultural levels. The conclusion argues for LGBT DVA to be recognised as a social problem rather than a private trouble. Recommendations are offered for necessary steps towards better recognising and supporting LGB and/or T victims/survivors.
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Constantino, S. M., M. Schlüter, E. U. Weber, and N. Wijermans. "Cognition and behavior in context: a framework and theories to explain natural resource use decisions in social-ecological systems." Sustainability Science 16, no. 5 (July 3, 2021): 1651–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-00989-w.
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AbstractThe complex, context-dependent, and dynamic nature of human behavior is increasingly recognized as both an important cause of sustainability problems and potential leverage for their solution. Human beings are diverse, as are the social, ecological, and institutional settings in which they are embedded. Despite this recognition and extensive knowledge about human decision-making in the behavioral sciences, empirical analysis, formal models, and decision support for sustainability policy in natural resource management often either neglect human behavior or are based on narrow and overly simplistic assumptions. Integrating insights from behavioral sciences into sustainability research and policy remains a challenge. This is in part due to the abundance and fragmentation of theories across the social sciences and in part the challenges of translating research across disciplines. We provide a set of tools to support the integration of knowledge about human behavior into empirical and model-based sustainability research. In particular, we (i) develop a process-oriented framework of embedded human cognition (Human Behavior-Cognition in Context or HuB-CC), (ii) select an initial set of 31 theories with the potential to illuminate behavior in natural resource contexts and map them onto the framework, and (iii) suggest pathways for using the framework and mapping to encourage trans-disciplinary investigations, identify and compare theories, and facilitate their integration into empirical research, formal models, and ultimately policy and governance for sustainability. Our theory selection, framework, and mapping offer a foundation—a “living” platform—upon which future collaborative efforts can build to create a resource for scholars and practitioners working at the intersection of social sciences and natural resource management.
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Kluger, Lotta Clara, Sophia Kochalski, Arturo Aguirre-Velarde, Ivonne Vivar, and Matthias Wolff. "Coping with abrupt environmental change: the impact of the coastal El Niño 2017 on artisanal fisheries and mariculture in North Peru." ICES Journal of Marine Science 76, no. 4 (December 4, 2018): 1122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsy171.
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Abstract In February and March 2017, a coastal El Niño caused extraordinary heavy rains and a rise in water temperatures along the coast of northern Peru. In this work, we document the impacts of this phenomenon on the artisanal fisheries and the scallop aquaculture sector, both of which represent important socio-economic activities for the province of Sechura. Despite the perceived absence of effective disaster management and rehabilitation policies, resource users opted for a wide range of different adaptation strategies and are currently striving towards recovery. One year after the event, the artisanal fisheries fleet has returned to operating almost on a normal scale, while the aquaculture sector is still drastically impacted, with many people continuing to work in different economic sectors and even in other regions of the country. Recovery of the social-ecological system of Sechura likely depends on the occurrence of scallop seed and the financial capacity of small-scale producers to reinitiate scallop cultures. Long-term consequences of this coastal El Niño are yet to be studied, though the need to develop trans-local and trans-sectoral management strategies for coping with disturbance events of this scale is emphasized.
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Parven, A., and MS Hasan. "Trans-boundary water conflicts between Bangladesh and India: water governance practice for conflict resolution." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 8, no. 1 (September 14, 2018): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v8i1.38233.
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Bangladesh and India Sharing fifty-four trans-boundary rivers water that flows from India to Bangladesh. Bangladesh is mostly dependent on India for their water and has no control over the water shed management policy of the rivers. Being a smaller, weaker military and economy than India, Bangladesh cannot influence the watershed management policies and face floods and water scarcity, reducing yield production and fish productivity, an ecological imbalance in estuarine areas, saline water intrusion in the southwestern part of Bangladesh and reduced navigation. Water governance is the combination of the political, social, economic and administrative system, which manage the water resources and provide services in the different level of society. Based on the water governance definition the researchers find out the different stakeholder in the management of water governance and the lack of practices of the theoretical concept of water governance and try to indicate the possibilities of the better solutions (Conflict or cooperation) of this trans-boundary water conflicts between both countries. The paper also compared the present negotiation process with different kinds of modes of wicked problem in water resource management. The study recommends few suggestions to minimize the conflict over the utilization of trans-boundary water resources management for example, a hydro-community like EU water framework Directive that is based on the soft power of peer review rather than a penalizing measure.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 8 (1): 79-84, June, 2018
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Akinyemi, Rufus O., Carolyn Jenkins, Michelle Nichols, Arti Singh, Kolawole Wahab, Albert Akpalu, Fred S. Sarfo, et al. "Unraveling the Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of Neurobiobanking and Stroke Genomic Research in Africa: A Study Protocol of the African Neurobiobank for Precision Stroke Medicine ELSI Project." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 19 (January 1, 2020): 160940692092319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1609406920923194.
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The ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of emerging neurobiobanks and data resources are unclear in an African scientific landscape with unique cultural, linguistic, and belief systems. The overarching goal of the African Neurobiobank for Precision Stroke Medicine–—ELSI Project is to identify, examine, and develop novel approaches to address ELSI issues of biobanking and stroke genomic research in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). To accomplish the goal we will (1) explore knowledge, attitude, perceptions, barriers, and facilitators influencing ELSI issues related to biobanking and stroke genomic research; (2) use information obtained to craft a community intervention program focused on ELSI issues; and (3) build capacity and careers related to genomics and biobanking for effective client/community engagement while enhancing regulatory, governance, and implementation competences in biobanking science in SSA. A community-based participatory research and mixed-methodological approach, focused on various levels of the social ecological model, will be used to identify and examine relevant ELSI issues. Contextual intervention tools, platforms, and practices will be developed to enhance community understanding and participation in stroke biobanking and genomics research activities while facilitating enduring trust, and equitable and fair utilization of biobanking resources for genetic and trans-omics research. A concurrent capacity building program related to genetic counseling and biobanking will be implemented for early career researchers. The huge potential for neurobiobanking and genomics research in Africa to advance precision medicine applicable to stroke and other neurological disorders requires addressing ELSI challenges while building sustainable research, career, and regulatory capacities in trans-omics and biobanking science.
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Asakura, Kenta. "Extraordinary Acts to “Show Up”: Conceptualizing Resilience of LGBTQ Youth." Youth & Society 51, no. 2 (September 28, 2016): 268–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x16671430.
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Sexual and gender diversity is an overlooked subject in resilience research. This study seeks to advance the conceptualization of resilience among lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer (LGBTQ) youth. Informed by social ecological theory of resilience, grounded theory analysis of interviews with service providers ( n = 16) and LGBTQ youth ( n = 19) yielded the following categories: (a) facing adversities across contexts, and (b) “doing well” while still in pain. LGBTQ youth face both general and LGBTQ-specific adversities. LGBTQ youth, even in a so-called “post-gay” era, remain challenged to navigate marginalization to maintain their well-being. Participants endorsed a context-dependent understanding of “doing well,” rather than using normative criteria of health (e.g., absence of psychopathologies). Although resilience is known as “ordinary magic,” this article alternatively proposes that resilience is LGBTQ youths’ extraordinary acts to “show up” every day to battle through adversities.
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Wheaton, Belinda, Jordan Te Aramoana Waiti, Rebecca Olive, and Robin Kearns. "Coastal Communities, Leisure and Wellbeing: Advancing a Trans-Disciplinary Agenda for Understanding Ocean-Human Relationships in Aotearoa New Zealand." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020450.
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Commentators are advocating for research to better understand relationships between healthy coastal ecosystems and human wellbeing. Doing so requires inter- and transdisciplinary approaches across humanities, arts, social sciences, and science and technology disciplines. These approaches include culturally diverse knowledge systems, such as indigenous ones, that locate sustainable use of and relationships to marine ecosystems. This paper contributes to this agenda through a case-study of relationships between coastal ecosystems and human wellbeing in Aotearoa New Zealand. This article highlights interconnected cultural and wellbeing benefits of, and socio-ecological relationships between, these coastal ecosystems drawing on a case study of one ocean-based, ‘immersive’ leisure activity, surfing. Further, it examines how these relationships impact human physical, emotional and spiritual wellbeing, and the wellbeing of communities and ecosystems. The research illustrates that surfing creates strong bonds between practitioners and coastal places, linking the health of marine environments and people. We demonstrate the value of a transdisciplinary place-based approach that integrates research across the humanities and social sciences and engages with Indigenous knowledge (Mātauranga Māori). This argument for multicultural co-learning shows the value of Western and Māori vantage points for how we understand coastal blue spaces. Indigenous perspectives, we conclude, deepen appreciation, as well as equity considerations, of how we understand place, wellbeing, and long-term sustainable relationships with marine ecosystems.
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Wheaton, Belinda, Jordan Te Aramoana Waiti, Rebecca Olive, and Robin Kearns. "Coastal Communities, Leisure and Wellbeing: Advancing a Trans-Disciplinary Agenda for Understanding Ocean-Human Relationships in Aotearoa New Zealand." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020450.
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Commentators are advocating for research to better understand relationships between healthy coastal ecosystems and human wellbeing. Doing so requires inter- and transdisciplinary approaches across humanities, arts, social sciences, and science and technology disciplines. These approaches include culturally diverse knowledge systems, such as indigenous ones, that locate sustainable use of and relationships to marine ecosystems. This paper contributes to this agenda through a case-study of relationships between coastal ecosystems and human wellbeing in Aotearoa New Zealand. This article highlights interconnected cultural and wellbeing benefits of, and socio-ecological relationships between, these coastal ecosystems drawing on a case study of one ocean-based, ‘immersive’ leisure activity, surfing. Further, it examines how these relationships impact human physical, emotional and spiritual wellbeing, and the wellbeing of communities and ecosystems. The research illustrates that surfing creates strong bonds between practitioners and coastal places, linking the health of marine environments and people. We demonstrate the value of a transdisciplinary place-based approach that integrates research across the humanities and social sciences and engages with Indigenous knowledge (Mātauranga Māori). This argument for multicultural co-learning shows the value of Western and Māori vantage points for how we understand coastal blue spaces. Indigenous perspectives, we conclude, deepen appreciation, as well as equity considerations, of how we understand place, wellbeing, and long-term sustainable relationships with marine ecosystems.
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Kušová, Drahomíra, and Jan Těšitel. "Action Research in Landscape Ecology (Šumava Biosphere Reserve, Czech Republic Case Study )." Ekológia (Bratislava) 36, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 323–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eko-2017-0026.
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Abstract Current landscape ecological research applies trans-disciplinarity as a principle when considering the study of landscape as a multifunctional entity. The principle can be practically applied by use of participatory action research. The paper reports on the use of participatory action research in the process of step-by-step institutionalization of the Šumava Biosphere Reserve, as a complement to the state-conducted nature conservation, which took place in the period 1991−2016. To briefly summarize the main findings, we can suggest that the present institutional model of the Šumava Biosphere Reserve emerged primarily thanks to the ‘permanent jointly conducted experiment’ that followed the spiral scheme of action research, in which outputs of one implementation project served as a starting point to formulate, and subsequently realize the follow-up projects(s). The local community was engaged in the whole process, hence lessons learned became a part of local social and cultural capital, which since can be considered important endogenous developmental potential of the region.
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Arayasirikul, Sean, Dillon Trujillo, Caitlin M. Turner, Victory Le, and Erin C. Wilson. "Implementing a Digital HIV Care Navigation Intervention (Health eNav): Protocol for a Feasibility Study." JMIR Research Protocols 8, no. 11 (November 8, 2019): e16406. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16406.
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Background Young racial and ethnic minority men who have sex with men (MSM) and trans women are disproportionately affected by HIV and AIDS in the United States. Unrecognized infection, due to a low uptake of HIV testing, and poor linkage to care are driving forces of ongoing HIV transmission among young racial and ethnic minority MSM and trans women. Internet and mobile technologies, in combination with social network-based approaches, offer great potential to overcome and address barriers to care and effectively disseminate interventions. Objective We describe Health eNavigation (Health eNav), a digital HIV care navigation intervention that extends supportive care structures beyond clinic walls to serve youth and young adults living with HIV who are newly diagnosed, not linked to care, out of care, and not virally suppressed, at times when they need support the most. Methods This study leverages ecological momentary assessments for a period of 90 days and uses person-delivered short message service text messages to provide participants with digital HIV care navigation over a 6-month period. We aim to improve engagement, linkage, and retention in HIV care and improve viral suppression. Digital HIV care navigation includes the following components: (1) HIV care navigation, (2) health promotion, (3) motivational interviewing, and (4) digital social support. Results Recruitment began on November 18, 2016; enrollment closed on May 31, 2018. Intervention delivery ended on November 30, 2018, and follow-up evaluations concluded on October 31, 2019. In this paper, we present baseline sample characteristics. Conclusions We discuss real-world strategies and challenges in delivering the digital HIV care navigation intervention in a city-level, public health setting. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/16406
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Castillo-Vinuesa, Eduardo, and Iuliia Gankevich. "Green Military New Deal." Temes de Disseny, no. 37 (July 22, 2021): 18–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46467/tdd37.2021.18-37.
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Among the most decisive challenges that the climate crisis will bring during up coming decades will be the necessity to overcome the current lack of planetary ecosystem governance. The void that exists where proper geopolitics should reside demands a recalibration of the focus of design towards the conception, implementation, and support of new institutional models capable of reconfiguring established infrastructural, ecosystem and governance structures.
The rising awareness of the lack of ecological agency has recently led to the emergence of several proto-policies branded under the name of “Green New Deals” (GNDs): the green proposals across the world that aim to address climate change and economic inequality. However, the implementation of the GND’s goals requires not only the necessary infrastructural means for decarbonisation but also a set of social insurance mechanisms able to guarantee social stability during the transition to a new energy regime.
The complexity that this task poses in relation to society, the economy, manufacturing industries and goods and information logistics will require the establishment of an institution capable of intervening in the regulation and coordination of all the parties involved.
Green Military New Deal (GMND) is a research proposal that lies between the legislative models of ecosystem governance and the institutions capable of enforcing them. It speculates about the military establishment as a proto-platform that could fulfil the institutional gap created by the GND’s demands. Would it be possible to reimagine the military establishment as a trans-national ecological force capable of mobilising and enforcing proper ecosystem management, conscious of its ability to act as a welfare provider while deploying its technological resources?
Our research offers an informed approach toward this counterintuitive premise, uncomfortable as it may be, by forcing us to question how certain existing institutions could be properly repurposed to address issues of global necessity.
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Pomazkova, N. V. "CREATION OF “KULINDA” SCIENTIFIC AND TRAINING STATION AND PERSPECTIVES OF INVOLVEMENT OF THE REGIONAL PROTECTED NATURAL AREA INTO SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences 29, no. 2 (June 25, 2019): 290–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9518-2019-29-2-290-299.
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One of the main principles of “green economy” is the organization of business activity in such a way as to enhance welfare of people and provide for social equity while considerably decreasing risks of the environmental degradation. The purpose of the article is to study possibilities and conditions of involvement of the regional protected natural area being created into social and economic development. “Kulinda” scientific and training station in the Chernyshevsky District of the Trans-Baikal Territory is being created for preservation and study of the unique location where Kulindadromeus zabaikalicus dinosaur fossils have been found. The station is referred to the new category of regional specially protected natural areas. The performed studies have confirmed the conservation value of the territory and necessity of specially protected natural area creation in the Chernyshevsky District of the Trans-Baikal Territory. The nearest rural settlement (village of Novoilinsk) is an area with an unfavorable socio-economic situation: low standard of living, unemployment, and annual outflow of population. Development of tourism on the basis of natural resources and areas of interest of the scientific and training station is viewed as a possibility to involve population of villages being abandoned into the economic activity. The article analyzes available opportunities and perspective directions of tourism for the object: geological (geotourism), academical (scientific), educational, agricultural (agrotourism), and ecological tourism. In addition, the article considers negative factors hindering the development of rural areas and the scientific and training station: lack of financing, poor transport accessibility, imperfection of service infrastructure, and seasonality of the scientific and training station activity. The author makes a conclusion that development of tourism in specially protected natural areas can become a growing point for economy of rural regions through the development of associated service industries and can contribute to the growth of educational activity of the population.
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Díaz de la Vega-Pérez, Aníbal H., Víctor H. Jiménez-Arcos, Eric Centenero-Alcalá, Fausto R. Méndez-de la Cruz, and Andre Ngo. "Diversity and conservation of amphibians and reptiles of a protected and heavily disturbed forest of central Mexico." ZooKeys 830 (March 14, 2019): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.830.31490.
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The high loss rate of forest ecosystem by deforestation in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt is one of the principal ecological problems of central Mexico, even in natural protected areas. We compiled a checklist and determined β-diversity indexes of amphibians and reptiles of the highly disturbed protected area, La Malinche National Park (LMNP) in Mexico, to determine the principal habitats for herpetofaunal conservation. After our extensive eight-year field sampling, we documented 28 species (nine amphibians and 19 reptiles), representing 11 families and 18 genera; four of these species are new records for LMNP. Of the species, 89% are endemic to Mexico. The IUCN Red List considers 22 species as Least Concern, one as Near Threatened, and four as Vulnerable. Meanwhile, the Environmental Viability Scores categorize three species as low vulnerability, 15 as medium, and 10 as high. According to the Mexican list of protected species, eight species are under Special Protection and nine are considered Vulnerable. The dissimilarity index between habitat types (βsør) in both groups is high, principally due to the environmental gradient generated by the altitudinal range.Abiesand Pine forest are high diversity areas for amphibians and reptiles, respectively, and must be considered for special protection. LMNP hosts more than 60% of the herpetofauna of Tlaxcala and is the principal “conservation island” for this state. Therefore, based on the percentage of state species represented, endemism and the current social and ecological problems, additional efforts that involve the local communities to protect the biodiversity of this National Park are necessary.
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Janecke, Beanélri B. "Mammal Species Richness at a Catena and Nearby Waterholes during a Drought, Kruger National Park, South Africa." Diversity 13, no. 8 (August 18, 2021): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13080387.
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Catenas are undulating hillslopes on a granite geology characterised by different soil types that create an environmental gradient from crest to bottom. The main aim was to determine mammal species (>mongoose) present on one catenal slope and its waterholes and group them by feeding guild and body size. Species richness was highest at waterholes (21 species), followed by midslope (19) and sodic patch (16) on the catena. Small differences observed in species presence between zones and waterholes and between survey periods were not significant (p = 0.5267 and p = 0.9139). In total, 33 species were observed with camera traps: 18 herbivore species, 10 carnivores, two insectivores and three omnivores. Eight small mammal species, two dwarf antelopes, 11 medium, six large and six mega-sized mammals were observed. Some species might not have been recorded because of drought, seasonal movement or because they travelled outside the view of cameras. Mammal presence is determined by food availability and accessibility, space, competition, distance to water, habitat preferences, predators, body size, social behaviour, bound to territories, etc. The variety in body size and feeding guilds possibly indicates a functioning catenal ecosystem. This knowledge can be beneficial in monitoring and conservation of species in the park.
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Schröder, Meike, and Gunnar Prause. "Transportation of Dangerous Goods in Green Transport Corridors - Conclusions from Baltic Sea Region." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 17, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 322–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ttj-2016-0029.
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Abstract The Green Corridor concept represents a cornerstone in the development and implementation of integrated and sustainable transport solutions based on trans-nationality, multi-modality and a high involvement of public and private stakeholders, including the political level. Despite the fact that the Green Transport Corridor (GTC) concept is founded on the three dimensions of sustainability with a strong emphasis on environmental aspects, the corridor hubs as well as the whole transport corridors have to find ways to handle and transport dangerous goods by keeping the high sustainability standards. The paper addresses the research questions what kind of economical, ecological and social risks might occur in the context of handling and transportation of dangerous goods in a Green Transport Corridor in the Baltic Sea Region, what consequences they might have on the GTC design and how and with which measures they can be managed. Based on this analysis the development of a comprehensive risk management concept for the handling and transportation of dangerous goods in Green Transport Corridors in the Baltic Sea Region based on Schröder and Prause (2015) will be started. The concept will include practical implications and best practices.
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Turner, Caitlin M., Sean Arayasirikul, Dillon Trujillo, Victory Lê, and Erin C. Wilson. "Social Inequity and Structural Barriers to Completion of Ecological Momentary Assessments for Young Men Who Have Sex With Men and Trans Women Living With HIV in San Francisco." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 7, no. 5 (May 8, 2019): e13241. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/13241.
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