To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Social economic analyze. eng.
Journal articles on the topic 'Social economic analyze. eng'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Social economic analyze. eng.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Akulich, Maria, and Jerzy Kaźmierczyk. "The socio-economic approach to the study of main economic systems. Socialism and capitalism. Part 1." Management 22, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 238–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/manment-2018-0017.
Full textAbstract:
Summary The socio-economic approach to the study of main economic systems. Socialism and capitalism. Part 1. Society is explored with the help of various approaches and methods that allow us to analyze the economy, politics, culture and society. Society as a socio-economic system can be effectively studied from the standpoint of the socio-economic approach, which is implemented within the framework of the formational approach. It was formerly used e.g. by Daniel Bell, John Kenneth Galbraith, Karl Marx, Leonid Weger, Yoshihiro Francis Fukuyama, Erik Olin Wright, and Immanuel Maurice Wallerstein. Formational approach allows us to analyze the global social and economic systems of the 20th century: capitalism and socialism. From the standpoint of this approach, the main difference between capitalism and socialism is the presence or absence of private ownership of the means of production. This feature has an impact on all aspects of social life in these systems. During the existence of these global systems, we have accumulated a rich experience of development in all areas of social life, which is analyzed in this article. The proposed article considers the positive and negative aspects of the development of capitalism and socialism. The directions of development of social and economic systems towards new form of capitalism are described and analyzed.
2
Saiz-Alvarez, José Manuel, Jorge Colvin-Díez, and Jorge Hernando Cuñado. "Digital Entrepreneurial Charity, Solidarity, and Social Change." International Journal of E-Entrepreneurship and Innovation 7, no. 1 (January 2017): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeei.2017010103.
Full textAbstract:
Microcredit has been studied from many perspectives. In this work, the authors analyze KIVA, the most important Person-to-Person microfinance organization from the viewpoint of social change, and they consider how it has impacted on the nascent of a new wave of entrepreneurs known as digital entrepreneurial charity. Applied to KIVA, the authors analyze the impact of the digital space and its Internet-based Peer-to-Peer Lending to create social change in the poor, while alleviating the poverty thanks to solidarity and charity. This work concludes affirming that banking the poor and education, with the intensive use of Internet-based devices, is the best way to alleviate poverty in the digital and globalized economic world. Finally, after their last research, the authors found some critics about Kiva and microcredits which might be interesting to be considered and these have been analyzed at the end of this work.
3
Alba, Francesca. "The Nonparticipation Problem: Behavioral Economics and The Take-Up of Social Benefits." Policy Perspectives 25 (May 11, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4079/pp.v25i0.18350.
Full textAbstract:
The nonparticipation of low-income households in social benefit programs remains a puzzle to many economists, especially when analyzed through a neoclassical lens. For some households, the decision to participate in a government benefit program could mean the difference between living above or below the poverty line. However, behavioral economics—a branch of economics that incorporates human psychology into economic models—may provide a useful framework through which to analyze the nonparticipation of low-income households in government benefit programs. Empirical research suggests that lack of knowledge, incomplete information, hassle costs, and procrastination each play an important role in this policy problem. This paper will begin with an overview of nonparticipation in social benefit programs in the United States, describe the neoclassical theory of how low-income households maximize their utility when deciding whether to participate in such a program, contrast this neoclassical approach with implications from theory and research from behavioral economics, and end with some broad implications—taken from the research—for future policy.
4
Alotaibi, Abdulaziz A., and Naif Alajlan. "Using Quantile Regression to Analyze the Relationship between Socioeconomic Indicators and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in G20 Countries." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 22, 2021): 7011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137011.
Full textAbstract:
Numerous studies addressed the impacts of social development and economic growth on the environment. This paper presents a study about the inclusive impact of social and economic factors on the environment by analyzing the association between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and two socioeconomic indicators, namely, Human Development Index (HDI) and Legatum Prosperity Index (LPI), under the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework. To this end, we developed a two-stage methodology. At first, a multivariate model was constructed that accurately explains CO2 emissions by selecting the appropriate set of control variables based on model quality statistics. The control variables include GDP per capita, urbanization, fossil fuel consumption, and trade openness. Then, quantile regression was used to empirically analyze the inclusive relationship between CO2 emissions and the socioeconomic indicators, which revealed many interesting results. First, decreasing CO2 emissions was coupled with inclusive socioeconomic development. Both LPI and HDI had a negative marginal relationship with CO2 emissions at quantiles from 0.2 to 1. Second, the EKC hypothesis was valid for G20 countries during the study period with an inflection point around quantile 0.15. Third, the fossil fuel consumption had a significant positive relation with CO2 emissions, whereas urbanization and trade openness had a negative relation during the study period. Finally, this study empirically indicates that effective policies and policy coordination on broad social, living, and economic dimensions can lead to reductions in CO2 emissions while preserving inclusive growth.
5
Chen, Yidan, and Lanying Sun. "Social organization and its impact on economic growth in China." Journal of Economic Studies 45, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 126–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-04-2016-0093.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the direct and indirect impacts of social organization in promoting Chinese economic growth. It adopts empirical research to test the correlated hypotheses, and tries to put forward some policy suggestions. Design/methodology/approach Social organizations are measured by four indicators in this paper. It proposes five hypotheses about the impact of social organization on economic growth and builds an economic growth model including social organization. The ordinary least squares and stepwise regression methods are conducted to estimate the economic growth model with the data from 1999 to 2015. Findings Through the empirical analysis, it finds that the added value of social organization, human capital, investment and government budget expenditure affect economic growth significantly. The number of social organization at the end of each year has a positive significant effect on entrepreneurship, while the added value and growth rate of it have a negative effect on it. The numbers of social organization and full-time employee have significant effect on number to workers in the labor force. Only the number of social organization has positive significant effect on public education. Originality/value This paper conducts an empirical study on the impact of social organization on economic growth in China and fills a gap of the role of social organization on the economy in developing countries. The results provide referenced information for public policy-making.
6
Jaunaux, Laure, and Marc Lebourges. "Zero rating and end-users’ freedom of choice: an economic analysis." Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance 21, no. 2 (March 8, 2019): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dprg-06-2018-0030.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose According to European Union Open Internet Regulation, commercial practices of internet access service providers (IASP) should not restrict end-users’ choice regarding services, applications or contents. This paper aims to analyze the effects of Zero Rating (ZR) on freedom of choice translating this regulatory criterion into a formal expression: providing a ZR offer on a content or application provider (CAP) restricts end-users’ choice if it reduces the volume or provision of others usages. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is made in two steps. First, the authors assess the direct effect of introducing zero rating on non-ZR usages, all other things equal. Second, the paper studies the knock-on effect of ZR on IASP offers and the supply of CAP. Findings In the short term, zero rating does not restrict end-users’ choice increasing both ZR and non-ZR usages. In the long term, in the case of pure ZR, IASPs may adapt their offer to support ZR costs impacting negatively other usages. However, in practice, these effects are compensated or diluted by competitive forces or if the ZR traffic is small relatively to the data allowance. In the case of SD, the CAP covers the cost which prevents cross-subsidies and protects freedom of choice if SD is open to all CAPs. Originality/value The economic literature on zero rating is scarce and assesses this practice from the general economic criterion of social or consumer welfare. This paper is the first one to use economic analysis to analyze whether Zero Rating is compatible with the EU regulatory criterion of freedom of choice.
7
Miller, Olga, and Elena Morozova. "Transformation of Social Insurance as an Instrument of Social Security." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2020, no. 1 (April 24, 2020): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2020-5-1-113-120.
Full textAbstract:
he development of social insurance is a highly researched issue. However, its place and role in the system of social protection remains understudied, as well as its current transformations under the changing socio-economic conditions. The research objective was to analyze the development of social insurance as an instrument of social security in Russia and in the Siberian Federal District. The study featured the theoretical and practical aspects of the application of social insurance in the changing system of social security. The research was based on a systematic approach to social security and social insurance as one of its most important mechanisms. The article introduces a review of domestic and foreign researches. It also focuses on an analysis of related regulations and statistic data. The methods and materials made it possible to conduct a thorough analysis of the development of the compulsory social insurance in Russia as a governmental instrument. The authors also described the legal framework in the field of social insurance. The government supports the Social Security Funds. In the Siberian Federal District, the budget of the Social Security Funds increased due to the growing number of insurance premiums, e.g. taxes and penalties, as well as due to the state participation. The research revealed some changes processes in the sphere of social security in the Russian Federation. The changes proved to affect social insurance and the whole insurance industry.
8
Mair, Christine, Katherine Ornstein, and Feinian Chen. "Kinlessness and Social Isolation at the End of Life: Cross-National Comparisons." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2035.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Nearly all older adults cross-nationally rely on close family members to facilitate care at the end-of-life, but recent demographic shifts toward declining fertility and marriage rates have yielded an unprecedented increase in older adults who lack traditional family ties (“kinless”). “Kinless” older adults may be at risk for social isolation, lack of caregiving options, and poorer end-of-life outcomes, and these risks may be buffered or exacerbated by social and economic resources as well as country context. Because the potential impact of “kinlessness” on end-of-life outcomes cross-nationally is unknown and virtually unstudied, this symposium composed of overlapping, interdisciplinary research teams investigate if and how “kinlessness” is associated with end-of-life outcomes cross-nationally. Mudrazija and Ornstein analyze a sample of older European adults (SHARE) to predict location of death (e.g., home deaths) by family size, living alone, and size of social network. Plick, Ankuda, and Ornstein examine a sample of older American decedents (HRS) to predict end-of-life outcomes (e.g., hours of care received, location of death). Mair, Ornstein, Aldridge, and Thygesen explore associations between family structure and multiple end-of-life outcomes (e.g., hospitalizations, ICU visits, medical treatment) among the population of decedents aged 50+ from Denmark. Finally, Mair, Ornstein, Calvo, Donoso, and Medina explore family structure, social isolation, loneliness, and end-of-life outcomes among a sample of older adults from 20 countries (Gateway to Global Aging). These papers will be discussed by Feinian Chen, a family sociologist and social demographer who specializes in cross-national comparisons of older adults’ family structures, country context, and health.
9
Mainzer, Klaus. "Causality in Natural, Technical, and Social Systems." European Review 18, no. 4 (October 2010): 433–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798710000244.
Full textAbstract:
Since the very beginning of science and philosophy, causality has been a basic category of research. In the theory of dynamical systems, different forms of causality can be distinguished depending on different equations of motion. The question arises how causal relationships can be inferred from observational data. Statistic data analysis often yields information on correlations only, but not on causation. Under special conditions probabilistic distributions of data are connected with causal networks. Causal modeling plays an eminent role in the natural sciences (e.g. physics, chemistry, biology). In engineering sciences, causal dependence must not only be recognized, but constructed and controlled, in order to guarantee reliable and desired functions of technical systems. Control is the inverse problem of causality for engineers. In social sciences, causal networks are used to analyze social and economic interactions in, for example, markets, organizations, and institutions. With respect to volatility shocks and financial crashes, it is a challenge to discover the causes of extreme events. From an epistemic and interdisciplinary point of view, complex nonlinear causal networks are distinguished by universal properties, which are true in natural, technical, and social networks (e.g. scale-invariance, power laws).
10
Ĺ oltĂ©s, Viktor, and KatarĂna Repková Ĺ tofková. "THE ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF CRIME AND OTHER ANTISOCIAL ACTIVITIES." CBU International Conference Proceedings 5 (September 23, 2017): 443–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v5.963.
Full textAbstract:
Crime and other antisocial activities are the social phenomena that adversely affect the lives of people. Besides the negative impact on the quality of human life, the crime has a negative impact also on the economy. Damage caused by criminal acts can also be quantified in economic terms. This damage consists principally of the assets stolen from victims of crime, e.g. material damage. A substantial part of the damage also represents the financial losses that were caused by the economic crime. Another part of the damage is financial compensation provided by the state to the violent crime victims or their family members.The paper deals with the analysis of the economically quantified damage caused by different types of crime in the Slovak Republic. The aim of this paper is to identify and analyze types of crimes that cause the largest economic losses and subsequently propose measures for elimination of critical types of crime to prevent greater economic losses.
11
Szczepański, Marcin, and Beata Grzyl. "Technical and Economic Analysis of the Implementation of Selected Variants of Road Investment." Buildings 10, no. 6 (May 26, 2020): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10060097.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the article is to analyze three variants of modernization and reconstruction of a road intersection, which in practice is the cause of numerous collisions and accidents. Detailed design solutions are presented for them. The aim of the analyses is to indicate an effective solution that, taking into account technical modifications of the road system elements, will ensure the functionality of the road system to the highest degree and significantly reduce the number of road incidents. To indicate the optimal solution, quantitative data (cost and duration of activities for three options) and qualitative data (determined based on the own experience and knowledge of road industry experts) is analyzed. The authors refer to many criteria of various natures (e.g., economic, technical, functional, environmental, social), which allow for comprehensive consideration of the current requirements of road users and changing circumstances, among others a steady increase in the number of vehicles and growing social expectations in terms of road parameters. Considering the presented analyses and arguments, the authors recommend option 1 as optimal. This is the most expensive solution among those analyzed and with the longest implementation time, however, taking into account the long-term prognosis of the direction and scope of changes to the existing standards and requirements for road infrastructure, it can be stated that option 1 meets them to the highest degree, and also has the greatest potential. The envisaged solution ensures high standards of the quality of road infrastructure use in terms of functionality, capacity, technical parameters, as well as the safety of traffic participants related to the smoothness of the journey, reduction of the number of collisions and accidents.
12
Carriles Álvarez, Alonso, Jaime Humberto Beltrán Godoy, and Leovardo Mata Mata. "The effect of women’s identity and emancipative values in female labor force participation: a comparison between Latin American and OECD countries." Nova Scientia 11, no. 22 (May 29, 2019): 323–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21640/ns.v11i22.1785.
Full textAbstract:
From the end of the 1990’s and the beginning of the 2000’s, Latin American region experienced the largest female labor force participation growth in the world. Recent literature (Camou, 2015; Chioda, 2016; Gasparini & Marchionni, 2015; Klasen, 2018; Serrano, Gasparini, Marchionni, & Gluzmann, 2018) conclude that marriage and fertility trends, economic growth and education as important determinants, but agree to the need to analyze women preferences and social factors also as contributing elements. This study contributes to the literature by studying these two factors in the region, from the viewpoint of Akerlof & Kranton’s (2000) Identity Economic Theory, and Welzel’s (2013b) Emancipative Values Theory. Exploiting World Values Survey data and European Values Study, this investigation developed a probabilistic regression model where women’s preference towards egalitarian views as workingwoman is analyzed as Women’s Identity, and social constraints upon gender equality is analyzed integrating a Women’s Emancipative Values indicator. This work also compares Latin American countries results with OECD countries to note differences between the groups. We conclude that Women’s Identity and Women’s Emancipative Value are strong positive statistically significant determinants of FLFP. When compared with OECD countries, we also conclude that women in the two groups of countries share similar self views as workingwoman, but Latin America still has social constraints at play that are limiting FLFP in the region.
13
Christopoulos, Dimitris K., and Peter McAdam. "EFFICIENCY, INEFFICIENCY, AND THE MENA FRONTIER." Macroeconomic Dynamics 23, no. 2 (June 22, 2017): 489–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100516001218.
Full textAbstract:
We examine technical efficiency in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). In addition to economic indicators, political and social ones play a role in development and efficiency profiles. The MENA have been characterized by increasing economic efficiency over time but with marked polarization. We analyze and nest many key hypotheses, e.g., the contributions of religion, of natural resources, demographic pressures, human capital, etc. The originality of our contribution is the use of a large data set (including principal components), and extensive robustness checks. It should set a comprehensive benchmark and cross-check for related studies of development and technical efficiency.
14
Castañeda, Gonzalo, and Omar A. Guerrero. "The Resilience of Public Policies in Economic Development." Complexity 2018 (October 2, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9672849.
Full textAbstract:
This paper studies the resilience of public policies that governments design for catalyzing economic development. This property depends on the extent to which behavioral heuristics and spillover effects allow policymakers to attain their original goals when a particular policy cannot be funded as originally planned. This scenario takes place, for example, when unanticipated events such as natural disasters or political turmoil obstruct the use of resources to advance certain policy issues, e.g., infrastructure or labor reforms. Here, we analyze how the adaptive capacity of the policy-making process generates resilience in the face of disruptions. In order to estimate the allocation of resources across policies, we employ a computational model that accounts for diverse social mechanisms, for example, coevolutionary learning and network interdependencies. In our simulations, we use a data set of 117 countries on 79 development indicators over an 11-year period. Then, we calculate a resilience score corresponding to each development indicator via counter-factual analysis of policy disruptions. Next, we assess whether some development strategies produce resilient/fragile policy profiles. Finally, by studying the relationship between policy resilience and policy priority, we determine which issues are bottlenecks to economic development.
15
Ren, Weizhen, Zilong Zhang, Yueju Wang, Bing Xue, and Xingpeng Chen. "Measuring Regional Eco-Efficiency in China (2003–2016): A “Full World” Perspective and Network Data Envelopment Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10 (May 15, 2020): 3456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103456.
Full textAbstract:
Eco-efficiency enhancement is an inherent requirement of green development and an important indicator of high-quality development in general. It aims to achieve the coordinated development of nature, the economy, and society. Therefore, eco-efficiency measurements should focus on not only total factor input, but also process analysis. Based on the “full world” model in ecological economic theory, this study constructed a theoretical framework for a composite economic-environmental-social system that reflects human welfare and sustainability. To this end, using network data envelopment analysis (DEA), this study established a staged eco-efficiency evaluation model that uses economic, environmental, and social factors to measure the overall and staged eco-efficiency of China’s provinces from 2003 to 2016 and analyze its spatiotemporal characteristics. A geographically weighted regression (GWR) model was also used to analyze the influencing factors of eco-efficiency changes and the spatial differentiation in their effect intensity. The findings were as follows: (1) China’s overall eco-efficiency is still at a low level. It varies significantly from region to region, and only three regions are at the frontier of production. The eastern region has the highest eco-efficiency, followed by the central region, and the gap between the central and western regions has gradually narrowed. In terms of staged efficiency, the level of eco-efficiency in the production stage is less than in the environmental governance stage, which is less than that in the social input stage. (2) In terms of the efficiency of each stage, the efficiency level of the production stage showed a downward trend throughout the entire process, and the decline in the central and western regions was more obvious. The social input stage and the environmental governance stage both showed upward trends. The social input stage showed a higher level, and the increase was relatively flat during the period of study. Efficiency continued to rise during the environmental governance stage from 2003 to 2010 and rose overall, but with some fluctuations from 2011 to 2016. (3) Geographically weighted regression showed that the effects of the influencing factors on eco-efficiency had obvious spatial heterogeneity. The factors affecting overall, production stage, and social input eco-efficiency were, in order of effect intensity from high to low, economic growth level, marketization level, and social input level. In terms of environmental governance, social input level had the greatest impact, followed by economic growth; marketization level did not show a significant impact.
16
Albanese, Nicholas. "From the Poet to the Pedant: Models and Counter- Models of Classical Learning in the Renaissance (eng)." Futhark. Revista de Investigación y Cultura, no. 11 (2016): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/futhark.2016.i11.01.
Full textAbstract:
The figure of the pedante and its presence in Renaissance culture has been observed and analyzed principally by scholars and historians of 16th century theatrical production, who have delineated the contours of the largely unified character in terms of its physical and performative characteristics on the stage. After Arturo Graf’s discussion of the pedant in Renaissance comedy over 130 years ago, it is only in more recent times that theater scholars have turned their interest towards the character even though the wider cultural context and relevance of its appearance outside of the theater has not been adequately addressed. Nevertheless, the figure of the pedant can be seen as a site in which oppositional trends emerge for the development of the educational and cultural project of the age. In this paper I will discuss the figure of the pedant in relation to the fundamental idea of the humanist and its social role as had been developed by authors in the 14th and 15th centuries, beginning with the exemplar established by the recognized padre dell’ Umanesimo, Francesco Petrarca. The appearance and development of this character not only underscore a change in cultural and literary models, but they also become keys for understanding crucial socio-economic shifts of the Cinquecento
17
Aydın, Levent, and Izzet Ari. "The impact of Covid-19 on Turkey’s non-recoverable economic sectors compensating with falling crude oil prices: A computable general equilibrium analysis." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 38, no. 5 (June 29, 2020): 1810–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598720934007.
Full textAbstract:
Human beings face unprecedented Covid-19 pandemic outbreak since the beginning of 2020. This disease started to change economic, social, and individual conventional behaviors. Several economic activities have sharply declined, and demand for commodities is decreasing, such as oil. This commodity has also suffered from disagreement among Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)+ members to deal with the amount of cutting oil production. This situation adds a supply-side problem into declining demand due to Covid-19. Turkey, as an emerging economy, highly depends on imported oil and suffers from this pandemic disease. This study aims to analyze the compensating role of falling oil prices for impacts of Covid-19 on non-recoverable sectors in Turkey, e.g. tourism, travel, and transportation. The main argument in the study, that is falling prices in oil can contribute to compensation for losing revenue from tourism, travel, and transport. Throughout the study, ORANI-G as a multisectoral computable general equilibrium model is employed. Three scenarios, namely Scenario-1, 2A, and 2B, are set to analyze the effects of falling oil prices as compensation for Covid-19 in the selected sectors. Results show that Covid-19 decreases gross domestic product by 1.16 but falling oil prices as 25 and 50% compensate for this decrease by 0.72 and 1.56% gross domestic product increases, respectively. It is concluded that through the falling oil prices, Turkey’s dependence on crude oil imports might provide a new reparation to overcome non-recoverable impacts. This study is scoped with selected sectors and falling oil prices. Other economic and social sectors need to be investigated in terms of challenges of Covid-19 and opportunities for declining crude oil prices. Besides, competitiveness based on the scale of firms and the ability to access business finance should be analyzed within the changing business model in the post-coronavirus period.
18
Mendoza-González, Gabriela, Arely Paredes-Chi, Dalia Méndez-Funes, María Giraldo, Edgar Torres-Irineo, Eliana Arancibia, and Rodolfo Rioja-Nieto. "Perceptions and Social Values Regarding the Ecosystem Services of Beaches and Coastal Dunes in Yucatán, Mexico." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 3592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073592.
Full textAbstract:
The ecosystem services (ESs) approach has been used as a powerful tool for the analysis of socio-ecological systems to investigate the relationship between society and the environment. The aim of this article is to analyze the social perceptions of stakeholders, forms of use (sociocultural and economic), and the conservation of beaches and coastal dunes in Yucatán, Mexico. Interviews were held with focus groups to analyze the forms of use, social perceptions of stakeholders, and the conservation of beaches and coastal dunes in Yucatán, Mexico. The results indicate that these ecosystems are important to different types of activities related to regulating, provisioning, and cultural services. However, degradation is identified as a consequence of contamination and land-use change. The main identified threats are natural phenomena, followed by the presence of garbage, human presence in natural environments, infrastructure construction, and privatization of beaches. The opinions (e.g., conservation, ecosystem services provision, drivers of change), emotions (e.g., joy, fear, sadness), and knowledge of the local community and tourists with respect to these ecosystems were evidenced. In general, there is an absence of conservation and sustainable management projects. However, community perceptions provide an opportunity to outline public conservation strategies in which the community, as a component of these socio-ecosystems, can be fully involved in their implementation.
19
Маркина and Yulia Markina. "Conversations in the American Newspaper «The New York Times» at the End of the XX Сentury." Modern Communication Studies 5, no. 3 (June 10, 2016): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19819.
Full textAbstract:
In this article the author analyzes factors and social conditions that in the
1990s affected the transformation of the editorial policy of the «The New
York Times», one of the most respected and influential newspapers, not
only in the United States, but worldwide. The author of this article traced
trends and conditions of the development of American quality press that
turned «The New York Times» from strictly quality newspaper intended for
the intellectual elite and high-ranking officials in qualitative mass edition.
The publishers were forced to adapt to the wishes and sentiments of new
readers. Consequently, their decision was to simplify the official style of respectable
«The New York Times» paying more attention to the scandalous
articles and the criminal chronicle. The article also explores the thematic focus
of updated elite newspaper, addressed now not only to the rich people
of high society, but also to representatives of different social groups. The
subjects of this article are typological innovations in the newspaper related
to social, cultural, economic and political changes in the United States. The
purpose of the study is to analyze the above changes in content of the
newspaper’s publications.
20
McGoey, Linsey. "The Elusive Rentier Rich." Science, Technology, & Human Values 42, no. 2 (December 29, 2016): 257–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0162243916682598.
Full textAbstract:
The popularity of Thomas Piketty’s research on wealth inequality has drawn attention to a curious question: why was widening wealth inequality largely neglected by mainstream economists in recent decades? To explore and explain that neglect, I draw on the writing of the early neoclassical economist John Bates Clark, who introduced the notion of the marginal productivity of income distribution at the end of the nineteenth century. I then turn to Piketty’s Capital in order to analyze the salience of marginal productivity theories of income today. I suggest that most of the criticism and praise for Piketty’s research is focused on data that are accessible and measurable, obscuring attention to questions over whether current methods for measuring economic capital are defensible or not. My overarching aim is to explore how “absent” data in economics as a whole help to reinforce blind spots within mainstream economic theory.
21
Morozova, T. I., and V. I. Shishkin. "Communist Party of Bolsheviks as a Soviet Social Elevator in the Context of the New Economic Policy." Modern History of Russia 10, no. 4 (2020): 902–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu24.2020.406.
Full textAbstract:
The authors analyze and interpret the processes that occurred during the New Economic Policy (NEP) period in the Russian Communist Party (bolsheviks) (RCP(b)) — All-Union Communist Party (bolsheviks) (AUCP(b)) as a “social elevator” from the standpoint of the theory of social mobility. The article takes into account the achievements of national historiography and is based on a wide range of published and unpublished sources. The authors reveal conditions that the party leadership imposed on those who wanted to “enter” the elevator; the number and social composition of replacements; the mechanisms, instruments, and procedures used to carry out movements between floors, as well as the volume of these movements; the transformation of the party as a social elevator; and its impact on mobility in Soviet society. The authors conclude that, thanks to the mass recruitment of workers, the height of the party pyramid quickly increased, and its structure and profile became more complex, which increased the potential for internal mobility. The forced promotion of young Communists into leading party bodies and the expansion of the number of party committees artificially caused upward intra-party mobility and the formation of a new generation of middle-level elites. The use of the nomenklatura system for appointing to the upper floors of the party hierarchy completed the process of rebuilding the RCP(b) — AUCP(b) as a social elevator controlled by Stalin’s Central Committee. As a result, by the end of NEP, the party’s influence social stratification in Soviet society became decisive.
22
Dong, Xiaoxu, Cheon Yu, and Yun Seop Hwang. "The Effects of Reverse Knowledge Spillover on China’s Sustainable Development: Sustainable Development Indicators Based on Institutional Quality." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 3, 2021): 1628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041628.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates how reverse knowledge spillover (RKS) generated through outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) promotes sustainable development in an investment home country. Economic, social, and environmental dimensions are the pillars of sustainable development and their indicators are developed upon the concept of institutional quality. To this end, we use a balanced panel of 30 Chinese Mainland provinces from 2003 to 2016 and employ a simultaneous equation model to analyze the data in order to observe the direct and indirect effects of OFDI-induced RKS on sustainable development. The current study adopts several indicators to capture the economic, social, and environmental aspects of sustainable development. Additionally, we classify RKS into two types, given the investment destinations in terms of developed economies and emerging economies. On the one hand, our findings confirm that OFDI-induced RKS from developed economies facilitates domestic innovation but negatively affects progress on social and environmental development. On the other hand, OFDI-induced RKS from emerging economies is not conducive to domestic innovation, but it directly fosters sustainable development.
23
Likhter, P. L. "The Model of the Constitution of Proportionate Development." Lex Russica, no. 5 (May 20, 2020): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2020.162.5.018-028.
Full textAbstract:
The values of the consumer society have an impact on all fields of social relations. Currently, significant changes are taking place in trade, financial and credit, information, social, environmental and other fields.The purpose of the study is to analyze the current transformations from the point of view of interaction with constitutional and legal institutions, and to identify promising directions of their further formation. Particular attention is paid to the concept of sustainable development initiated at the end of the last century — a set of measures aimed at rational consumption of environmental resources, coordinated overcoming of social and economic crises for the benefit of not only present generation but also future generations. Methodologically, the paper is based on the methods of legal modeling and intersectoral analysis, formal-legal and system-structural methods. The formal-logical analysis of the current legislation and international instruments, as well as the method of monitoring enforcement allow us to assume legal approaches that significantly hinder sustainable progress in the environmental, economic and social fields.Following the results of the study, the author raises the question of the development of a model of the constitution of proportional development as a tool for counteracting the risks of the consumerist society. Taking into account the specifics of state and public institutions of Russia, the presented model provides economic, ecological, social, ethical and aesthetic components. Key issues of mutual influence of these subsystems concern new approaches to the catalog of constitutional and legal values, goals and principles.
24
Hasannia, Ali. "“Manṭiqat al-Firāq”; A Shīʽī Economic Theory." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, no. 3 (June 2, 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i3.688.
Full textAbstract:
“Manṭiqat al-Firāq”, a Shiite economic theory, points to an area in religion without a biding legal statement. This theory was presented by S.M.B. al-Ṣadr in his book Our Economy. According to the theory, religion has allowed the Islamic ruler to lay down rules and regulations in certain social matters, taking into account the rules and according to the needs of time. In his book, Ṣadr divides the economic school of Islam into two parts: The part Islam has laid down its laws and rules, and so they are unchangeable. The part Islamic State is responsible to determine the laws and it must lay down the law and order with regard to the needs of time. The latter has been called “Manṭiqat al-Firāq” by him, arguing the Prophet (PBUH) used to perform it as well and made legislations as the ruler of the society (not as the Prophet). In his opinion, this type of Prophet's laws is not permanent and stable in the Islamic school of thought. The present paper aims to review the theory and analyze Islamic scholars’ opinions concerning it. There are defenses and criticisms about the theory; e.g. some argue this theory expresses appropriate materials for treating both governmental and non-governmental narratives, but does not provide a criterion for separating them from each other. His evidences to prove the theory and his claims of contradictory between the theory and Qur’anic verses and narratives claiming the comprehension of Islam and its decrees, have been also criticized, which here fall at glance and discussion.
25
Gullón, Pedro, Julia Díez, Paloma Conde, Carmen Ramos, Valentín Márquez, Hannah Badland, Francisco Escobar, and Manuel Franco. "Using Photovoice to Examine Physical Activity in the Urban Context and Generate Policy Recommendations: The Heart Healthy Hoods Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 5 (March 1, 2019): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050749.
Full textAbstract:
A current challenge in physical activity research is engaging citizens with co-creating policies that support physical activity participation. Using Photovoice, a participatory action research method, the objectives of this study were to: 1) Identify community perceptions of urban built, social, and political/economic environment factors associated with physical activity; and 2) generate community-driven policy recommendations to increase physical activity. Two districts in Madrid of varying socio-economic status (SES) were selected. Overall, 24 residents participated in 4 groups stratified by sex and district (6 participants per group). Groups met weekly for 4 weeks to discuss and analyze their photographs. Participants coded photographs into categories, which were then regrouped into broader themes. The categories were transformed into policy recommendations using an adaptation of the logical framework approach. Participants took 161 photos, which were classified into 61 categories and 14 broader themes (e.g., active transportation, sport in the city). After this, participants generated a set of 34 policy recommendations to improve the urban environment to support physical activity (e.g., to redistribute sports facilities). Collaboration between citizens and researchers led to a deeper understanding of the community perceptions of urban built, social, and political/economic environment factors associated with physical activity in two districts of Madrid, while engaging citizens in recommending public policies.
26
Luque González, Arturo, Jesús Ángel Coronado Martín, Ana Cecilia Vaca-Tapia, and Francklin Rivas. "How Sustainability Is Defined: An Analysis of 100 Theoretical Approximations." Mathematics 9, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9111308.
Full textAbstract:
Sustainability processes are imperfect, hence there is a need to analyze their construction, evolution and deployment. To this end, a sample of one hundred sustainability constructs was taken, together with their conceptual approaches, in order to gauge their impact and to ascertain the dimensions to which they belong. A frequency count and categorization were carried out using Google, which saturated in seven dimensions: economic, social, environmental, legal, political, ethical and cultural. A higher-order association of these hierarchies was then proposed, establishing a triad model that indicated only the most representative combinations of dimensions resulting from the extraction of the most significant definitions. From these definitions and in accordance with their frequency of use in Google, it is inferred that the current concept of sustainability is based on the economic-social-ethical category. This highlights the distance between what, a priori, seems to implicitly allow any definition of sustainability and the existing reality.
27
Aldona, Yurike, Wiwin Priana Primandhana, and Muhammad Wahed. "Analisis Pengaruh Infrastruktur Listrik, Jalan Dan Kesehatan Terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Di Kabupaten Sidoarjo." Eksis: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Bisnis 12, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/eksis.v12i1.223.
Full textAbstract:
Gross Regional Domestic Product (GDP) is one of the economic indicators according to various economic instruments in which clearly visible macro-economic conditions of a region. Infrastructure is the most primary public infrastructure in supporting a country's economic activities, and the availability of infrastructure greatly determines the level of efficiency and effectiveness of economic activities. This study aims to analyze how much electricity, road, and health infrastructure affects gross regional domestic product in Sidoarjo Regency. This research covers the area of Sidoarjo Regency. This study uses secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency with a period of 15 years from 2005-2019. The analysis technique used is Multiple Linear Regression Analysis with Ordinary Least Square (OLS) model using computer tools SPSS program (Statistic Program For Social Science) Version 13.0 that shows the influence between free variables and bound variables. The end result is that electricity infrastructure variables have a positive and significant influence on gross regional domestic product in Sidoarjo Regency. Variable road infrastructure and health infrastructure have a positive but insignificant influence on gross regional domestic product in Sidoarjo Regency.
28
Egbulonu, Kelechukwu Godslove, and Oluchi Elleen Chukuezi. "Foreign Remittances And Nigeria’s Economic Growth (1990 – 2018)." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 6, no. 9 (September 28, 2019): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.69.7046.
Full textAbstract:
Between 2010 and 2017, remittances inflows averaged a whopping 20 billon US Dollars per annum, more than double the foreign direct investment [FDI] figures for the period under review and more than 500 per cent of Nigeria commercial service exports. The figures could be comparatively intimidating when remittances inflows from unapproved and informal sources are taken into account. To this end it becomes imperative to consider the impact these remittances have had so far on the Nigerian economy both at the micro and macro levels. The ADF test was used to test for stationarity. The variables were all found to be integrated at 1st difference so we used the OLS technique to analyze our data. Results show a positive relationship between foreign remittances and economic growth. Also a strong two-way relationship was established between foreign remittances and foreign external reserve. Foreign remittances have come to be a major source of income for Nigerian families and households. Infant mortality rate which was included in our model as a measure of social welfare and human development was also seen to be on the decline and having no causality relationship with foreign remittances. This was rightly so because, as the study shows, the expenditure pattern of foreign receipts by households is tilted towards consumption. The study recommends the need for the country to strengthen the institutional framework required to harness the benefits of foreign remittances.
29
Kunovich, Robert M. "The Sources and Consequences of National Identification." American Sociological Review 74, no. 4 (August 2009): 573–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000312240907400404.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines national identification from a comparative and multilevel perspective. Building on the identity, nationalism, and prejudice literatures, I analyze relationships between societies' economic, political, and cultural characteristics (e.g., development, globalization, democratic governance, militarism, and religious and linguistic diversity), individual characteristics (e.g., socioeconomic status and minority status), and preferences for the content of national identities. I also examine relationships between national identity content and public policy preferences toward immigration, citizenship, assimilation, and foreign policy, generally. I use confirmatory factor analysis and multilevel modeling to analyze country-level data and survey data from 31 countries (from the International Social Survey Program's 2003 National Identity II Module). Results suggest that individual and country characteristics help account for the variable and contested nature of national identification. Moreover, the content of national identity categories has implications for public policy and intergroup relations.
30
Nasreen, Shagufta, and Aliyah Ali. "A Gender Analysis Of Health Policy In Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Applied Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (September 8, 2016): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjass.v4i1.299.
Full textAbstract:
Pakistan is signatory to international commitments to promote gender equality and equity. This has seen introduction of a number of gender mainstreaming policy initiatives in the last ten years. Despite these initiatives gender mainstreaming still needs a lot to do in all sectors of policy. Therefore, aim of this research is to analyze the policies of health sector and analyze the extent to which it has been adapted to gender needs. For secondary analysis the original policy documents and other reports and studies related to the health sector were analyzed. Gender Reform Action Plan (GRAP) was also analyzed which is the main instrument through which the government of Pakistan seeks to address the deep rooted gender inequality in Pakistani society. Analysis shows that the redressing discrimination on gender biasness is necessary to ensure equality and equity to less class privileged groups. Results also show that in health policy the gender component is included but superficially. If policies do not consciously aim to reduce inequalities as their primary target, whether these inequalities are in the form of income/asset distribution, in access to effective social protection, or by way of legal citizenship rights, these policies will necessarily result in discrimination. Eliminating the social and economic hurdles that obstruct equality must be the foundation of every policy intention, otherwise policy initiatives will merely end up duplicating and reinforcing existing discrimination against marginalised sectors, especially women, minorities and the poor.
31
Betz, Frederick. "Integrity in Self-Organizing Societies: The Case of Libor." Journal of Business Theory and Practice 2, no. 2 (May 17, 2014): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jbtp.v2n2p152.
Full textAbstract:
<p><em>From a cross-disciplinary social science perspective, it is evident that financial and economic development is not a matter simply of a proper social structure (e.g., </em><em>Laissez-faire</em><em> free-market) but also requires good individual leadership (competence and honesty). Financial systems require both structure and leadership, despite some economic scholars holding to the idea of an economic structural mechanism of a ‘perfect market’. However, good leadership and proper societal structure together is not a simple process, nor certainly obtained, as empirically there are no societal ‘mechanisms’. A case, such as Libor, clearly illustrated the importance of both structure and leadership in the proper operation of societal systems. Bad leadership can corrupt a societal structure; and a corrupt societal structure can enable bad leadership. The case of Libor provides empirical evidence for the social science proposition that a financial system requires both proper government regulation and integrity in private sector operations. But this is not easily achieved in societies of self-organizing systems. We apply a cross-disciplinary framework of systems dynamics to analyze the Libor event, as a kind of challenge in the control of self-organizing societies, which are facilitated by information technology processes</em><em>.</em></p>
32
Talavera, Carmen, and Joan R. Sanchis. "Alliances between For-Profit and Non-Profit Organizations as an Instrument to Implement the Economy for the Common Good." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 15, 2020): 9511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229511.
Full textAbstract:
The model of the Economy for the Common Good (ECG) has cooperation as one of its main principles. This alternative economic model proposes to prioritize cooperation over competition to favor the creation of social value. From this point of view, strategic alliances between organizations can be used as an instrument that supports implementation of the ECG model. In recent years, alliances between for-profit and non-profit entities have been strengthened as a method to facilitate actions focused on social responsibility and sustainability. Moreover, the ECG model has become an adequate management framework for corporate sustainability. This work aims to connect alliances between for-profit and non-profit organizations with the ECG model. First, this connection is manifested in a theoretical way. This paper is going to analyze how such alliances can contribute to increasing the values of the ECG model: human dignity, solidarity and social justice, environmental sustainability, and transparency and codetermination. Afterwards, this work analyzes two cases of this type of alliance—Grupo Vips-Fundación Hazlo Posible and Danone Foods-Grameen Bank—to determine the benefits that this type of cooperation can provide to society. We study their motives and the benefits that they bring to the organizations and the community. Therefore, this work assesses how these types of alliances influence the different topics included in the Common Good Matrix. Moreover, we conduct a comparative analysis between both cases. This work demonstrates that, by implementing this type of strategic alliances, the creation of social value is favored, thus contributing to implementation of the ECG model.
33
Stępień, Beata, and Monika Sulimowska-Formowicz. "Economic vs. organisational perspective on inter-organisational relations’ analysis – are economists on the dead-end track?" Equilibrium 11, no. 1 (March 31, 2016): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2016.008.
Full textAbstract:
Inter-organizational relations (IORs), complex constructs existing on the verge of companies’ boundaries, are a popular area of managerial and academic investigation, due to their ability to create sustainable competitive advantage. The aim of the article is to show applicability, insights and limitations of economic perspective in IORs analysis. By reviewing advances of selected economic and organizational theories exploring IORs, we will try to answer the following questions: (1) Can economic thought add any novelty to IOR analysis in the era of dynamic global shifts in competitive environment? Are economic lenses still useful and applicable here? (2) Do organizational sciences’ academics take more practical, down to earth approach, or have they just moved forward (or blurred the clarity of) their theories by employing advances from social sciences, like sociology and psychology? (3) Are these two perspectives contradictory or supplementary? The article is divided into four parts. Firstly, we propose an analytical framework to study inter-organizational relations, secondly we analyze the theories focused on IORs as results of rational choices; thirdly, we move to theories exploring the reasons why IORs are built in a specific way, and then to concepts looking for conditions, methods and key drivers of IORs successful management. In conclusion, we give a brief summary of the main findings together with the limitations and areas open for further investigation of inter-organizational relations.
34
Gries, Thomas, Stefan Jungblut, Henning Meyer, and Tim Krieger. "Economic Retirement Age and Lifelong Learning: A Theoretical Model With Heterogeneous Labor, Biased Technical Change and International Sourcing." German Economic Review 20, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 129–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geer.12140.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The employability of an aging population in a world of continuous and biased technical change is top of the political agenda. Due to endogenous human capital depreciation the effective retirement age is often below statutory retirement age resulting in permanent non-employability of older workers. We analyze this phenomenon in a putty-putty human capital vintage model and focus on education and the speed of human capital depreciation. Introducing a two-stage education system with initial schooling and lifelong learning, not even lifelong learning turns out to be capable of aligning economic and statutory retirement. However, well-designed education programs will keep more workers in highly productive activities at the end of their working life, and hence will substitute for simple social transfers, or for an early switch towards very low paid jobs.
35
Fojo, Gudina Abashula, and Abulu Tesfa. "The khat dilemma in Jimma area: The socio-economic analysis of benefits and harms associated with kath use." Harmoni Sosial: Jurnal Pendidikan IPS 7, no. 1 (March 10, 2020): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/hsjpi.v7i1.30289.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to come up with empirically based evidence concerning the dilemma of khat (Catha edulis Forsk, a natural green leaf used as a stimulant. This study carried out in selected areas in the Jimma Zone, Oromia National Regional State, South West Ethiopia, in order to clarify the dilemma to use it based on empirical evidence concerning its socio-economic benefits and harms. To this end, 397 samples selected randomly using a probability sampling method from the study areas and a survey undertaken using closed and open-ended questionnaires. Moreover, key informant interviews and focus group discussions carried out in order to collect qualitative data to supplement the survey study. Descriptive statistics like percentages mean and inferential statistics, such as chi-square used to analyze the quantitative data. On the other hand, the thematic analysis used to analyze the qualitative data. The result showed that the respondents had experienced various types of problems they attributed to khat use. As far as the specific economic problems experienced by the respondents were concerned, they were unable to be punctual on work, absent from work, and exposed to unnecessary costs. Moreover, the respondents said that they were unable to save money daily, weekly, or monthly due to expenses attributed to khat chewing. As far as its social harm is concerned, the study participants said that they experienced conflict between themselves and their families due the fact that khat use costs interfered with their families’ basic needs expenses. Some of them also mentioned that they conflicted with their bosses because they were not punctual and absent from work due to khat chewing. Similarly, the FGD participants from the community argued that khat chewing has become forcing the jobless segments of the community, mainly to engage in anti-social behaviors such as theft and robbery.
36
Cai, Wenjia, Mengzhen Zhao, Yidan Chen, and Can Wang. "O7E.4 Estimating economic impact of heat on china’s labor productivity: new evidence from a CGE model." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A69.1—A69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.185.
Full textAbstract:
High heat exposure and heat-related health impacts is a well-known occupational health hazard. Though recent studies have quantified high heat impacts on labor productivity in occupational group, little is known about the scale of economic impacts of labor productivity losses, resulting in inadequate policy response. Besides, sectors that suffer most from heat, such as agriculture, service and construction, have extensive inter-dependent relationship with other sectors in the economy. Therefore, it is also important to include these indirect impacts, to avoid the underestimation of the economy-wide impacts.Computable general equilibrium (CGE) model can capture direct and indirect economic impact of heat on labor productivity and do the comprehensive analysis. In this study, we used WBGT to estimate future labor productivity changes. Meanwhile we employed a China dynamic CGE model (CHEER) with 2012 as base year in the paper to investigate the economic impacts of heat on labor productivity and to find out the specific sectors’ losses and the whole-economy losses in China. Taking temperature projections (daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature, and daily average temperature) under RCP scenario, population projections (demographic age structure and employment structure) under SSP scenario in China as input and dividing China’s economic sector into 22 sectors in our model, we analyzed 22 sectors’ economic impacts in the long term.Based on these scenarios, our study quantifies the full scope of economic impact of heat on labor productivity and analyze the changes of GDP, specific sectors output and industrial structure in the future. Our study could contribute to the understanding of social cost of carbon in China. A range of measures for different economic sectors were also suggested to reduce future economic loss from heat in China. Future research needs were discussed at the end of the paper.
37
Fernández Suárez, Belén. "The Design of Migrant Integration Policies in Spain: Discourses and Social Actors." Social Inclusion 5, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v5i1.783.
Full textAbstract:
Spain is one of the countries with the lowest social spending within the EU-15, and its welfare state has developed later and with less intensity. At the end of the 20<sup>th</sup> century, Spain became an immigration country, reaching 5.7 million immigrants in 2011. This article explores how the definition of migrant ‘integration’ is based more on a concept of universal rights and social cohesion by the main actors (political parties, trade unions, third sector organizations and immigrant associations) than on a notion of a cultural type. We will also analyze how the influence of European policies and restrictive liberalism have led to the implementation of programmes which aim to make civic integration compulsory for the renewal of residence and work permits. The empirical evidence for this article stems from 60 qualitative interviews with social actors in migrant integration policies during 2010 and 2011. The impact of the economic crisis on the foreign population, especially regarding its position in the labor market, will also be considered, explaining the reduction of specific and general policies targeting the migrant population. This cut in social spending has involved a deinstitutionalization of this particular policy field.
38
Zacher, Mark W. "The Territorial Integrity Norm: International Boundaries and the Use of Force." International Organization 55, no. 2 (2001): 215–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/00208180151140568.
Full textAbstract:
Scholars and observers of the international system often comment on the decreasing importance of international boundaries as a result of the growth of international economic and social exchanges, economic liberalization, and international regimes. They generally fail to note, however, that coercive territorial revisionism has markedly declined over the past half century—a phenomenon that indicates that in certain ways states attach greater importance to boundaries in our present era. In this article I first trace states' beliefs and practices concerning the use of force to alter boundaries from the birth of the Westphalian order in the seventeenth century through the end of World War II. I then focus on the increasing acceptance of the norm against coercive territorial revisionism since 1945. Finally, I analyze those instrumental and ideational factors that have influenced the strengthening of the norm among both Western and developing countries.
39
Meyer, Camille, and Marek Hudon. "Alternative organizations in finance: Commoning in complementary currencies." Organization 24, no. 5 (August 21, 2017): 629–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508417713216.
Full textAbstract:
The commons are alternative social and economic practices for fostering community development and regeneration. While finance is increasingly criticized as a trigger for individualism, community currencies are one of the financial initiatives that aim to reorganize finance in the collective interest. We analyze to what extent these alternative systems allow finance to constitute common goods or ‘commons’. To this end, we investigate the commoning practices through which resources are created, distributed, and consumed in a way that promotes new collectives. We analyze the extent to which community currencies can be considered as commons. Our findings suggest that community currencies have strong collective attributes such as community building, as well as the insertion of solidarity and cooperative values in money. Finally, we inquire into the limits and ambiguities of community currencies to represent an alternative to the capitalist economy.
40
Sutanti, Sutanti, and Dwi Oktariani. "ANALYSIS OF LEADING SECTORS IN SOUTH TANGERANG FOR DETERMINING REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES." Muhammadiyah International Journal of Economics and Business 2, no. 1 (July 29, 2019): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/mijeb.v2i1.9381.
Full textAbstract:
A sustainable economic growth becomes a main requirement for the continuity of regional economic development. Therefore, it should be concentrated on the basic sectors or leading sectors in order to create significant multiplier effect on other sectors. It is urgency for newly established regions, e.g., South Tangerang. This study aims to determine and analyze leading sectors that possess competitiveness and specialization in South Tangerang in relation with the future economic growth of South Tangerang. In addition, it also aims to project the added value or GRDP of South Tangerang in 2017. Secondary data in the form of time series sectoral GRDP at constant prices of both South Tangerang and Banten from 2010 to 2016 were obtained from BPS South Tangerang City and BPS of Banten Province. The data were analyzed using a quantitative- descriptive approach through the Location Quotient (LQ) and Shift-Share analysis. Based on the LQ method, there are nine leading sectors in 2010—2016, namely: construction; wholesale and retail trade, and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles; accommodation and food; information and communication; real estate; corporate services; educational services; health and social services; and other services. The average LQ for these sectors is, respectively, 1.490; 1.333;1.315; 2.969; 2.233; 3.299; 2.530; 3.663; and 2.014. Real estate has the highest values, indicating it becomes the leading sector with the highest competitive and comparative advantages.
41
Zainasheva, Z. G., and MukhametshinR F. Mukhametshin R.F. "ABOUT EXECUTION OF THE BUDGET OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN IN THE CONDITIONS OF A PAND." Bulletin USPTU Science education economy Series economy 4, no. 34 (2020): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/2541-8904-2020-4-34-52-59.
Full textAbstract:
The article addresses the issues of budget execution in Republic of Bashkortostan during pandemic. Authors analyze the planned values of tax and non-tax revenues in the budget of Republic of Bashkortostan for 2020. In the structure of tax and non-tax revenues of the republic’s budget, the largest share is occupied by 4 types of taxes and fees (corporate profit tax, personal income tax, excise taxes and property tax). Therefore, the fulfillment of the region's social obligations to the residents will largely depend on the volume of receipts of these four types of tax. Authors analyzed the budget execution in terms of expenditures in the context of state programs approved for 2020. The unfavorable economic situation due to the pandemic has affected the economies of all countries of the world. The pandemic will negatively affect the budget execution in terms of revenues both at the federal and regional levels. It is already clear that by the end of 2020 the republic will lack a significant amount of tax and non-tax revenues. In the course of the analysis, the authors revealed four main socially oriented state programs – «Social protection of the population of Republic of Bashkortostan», «The development of education of Republic of Bashkortostan», «The development of healthcare of the Republic of Bashkortostan», «The development of culture and art in the republic of Bashkortostan» - account for more than half of all budget expenditures – or 59.7 %, thus confirming the social orientation of the budget of the Republic of Bashkortostan. At the end of the article, authors propose measures for going through a difficult economic period with minimal losses. First, it is necessary: to refocus budget expenditures, to determine priorities in spending budget funds; to strengthen control over the efficiency and effectiveness of the budgetary funds usage; take measures to ensure maximum job retention and reduce unemployment.
42
Aguirre Tejeda, Blanca Viridiana, César Luis Gilabert Juárez, and Ana María Salazar Peralta. "Patrimonialization in Mexico: disputes over intangible cultural heritage." Córima, Revista de Investigación en Gestión Cultural 6, no. 10 (December 23, 2020): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/cor.a6n10.7364.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the article is to analyze the tense and conflictive process of legitimizing intangible cultural heritage (ICP) in order to enhance its value, which, in Mexico, goes through a dispute between the intention of obtaining the maximum commercial use and the best way to protect it. This leads to a political arena in which the different ways of conceiving the management of the ICP and what is expected of it struggle. Frequently, a collision between the interests that move the community to participate and the powers that be motivated by profit. Therefore, the defense of the PCI has to resolve the contradictions between the logic of cultural valuation and the economic valuation. We review how this dispute has unfolded in some communities and localities in Mexico regarding asset activation. Our report illustrates the processes of patrimonialization - the process of construction of the meaning and meaning of the cultural manifestations of the people. We also show various conjugations of the political, economic and social uses of intangible cultural heritage, as well as the effects derived from litigation.
43
Tatarova, Svetlana, and Nadezhda Zateeva. "Problems of Rural Development: Republics of Buryatia and Tyva." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2021, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2021-6-1-58-65.
Full textAbstract:
Rural areas are an important basis for the development of Russian economy. However, the problems faced by rural settlements significantly complicate the rural life in modern realities. The research objective was to analyze the current situation in the rural settlements of two national republics of Siberia, namely Buryatia and Tyva, taking into account their geographical, economic, social, economic, and demographic features. The paper covers the most pressing causes of rural degradation, e.g. unemployment, bad conditions for small and medium businesses, no industrial development, etc. In these conditions, rural population have to engage in unskilled agricultural labor, farming, gathering wild plants, berries, and mushrooms, etc. Villagers often get involved in illegal logging, sale of home-brew, uncertified retail trade, etc. Another important factor that hinders rural development is urban migration, which is associated mostly with educated rural population. Villagers suffer from low standard of living, household problems, unemployment, poor social and industrial infrastructure, etc. In addition, the authors also touched upon the problem of preserving traditional culture and language. The abovementioned problems of rural development have negative consequences, decrease agricultural production, and destroy the traditions of rural life.
44
Planagumà, Llorenç, and Joan Martí. "Geotourism at the Natural Park of La Garrotxa Volcanic Zone (Catalonia, Spain): Impact, Viability, and Sustainability." Geosciences 8, no. 8 (August 7, 2018): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8080295.
Full textAbstract:
La Garrotxa Volcanic Zone is a suitable case study to analyze the impact and sustainability of geotourism on a protected volcanic field, as it has allowed the transformation of a poorly known territory into one of the best known and most visited geosites of Catalonia (Spain). The protection of this volcanic area represented the end of legal and illegal quarrying activities that significantly damaged most of its volcanoes, but also provided an opportunity to develop the zone for tourism. We compiled the available information from its establishment in 1982 as a natural park by the Catalan Government to the present day, in order to analyze the socio-economic impact of geotourism on this protected area and its surroundings. We paid attention to its evolution in terms of the number of visitors, the social and economic consequences that this type of tourism has had, and whether it is compatible with the conservation of natural assets, especially geological ones. We also studied the role that the co-management of the protected space by local administrations and private entities has had on its sustainability. The results obtained are relevant to visualizing the viability of geotourism in a protected area by combining the economic drive and the conservation of natural assets. Spaces such as La Garrotxa Volcanic Zone represent natural laboratories where we can observe the success of the application of environmentally friendly policies with a positive socioeconomic impact on geotourism.
45
González, Luis-Millán, José Devís-Devís, Maite Pellicer-Chenoll, Miquel Pans, Alberto Pardo-Ibañez, Xavier García-Massó, Fernanda Peset, Fernanda Garzón-Farinós, and Víctor Pérez-Samaniego. "The Impact of COVID-19 on Sport in Twitter: A Quantitative and Qualitative Content Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 25, 2021): 4554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094554.
Full textAbstract:
The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has transformed many aspects of people’s daily life, including sports. Social networks have been flooded on these issues. The present study aims to analyze the tweets produced relating to sports and COVID-19. From the end of January to the beginning of May 2020, over 4,000,000 tweets on this subject were downloaded through the Twitter search API. Once the duplicates, replicas, and retweets were removed, 119,253 original tweets were analyzed. A quantitative–qualitative content analysis was used to study the selected tweets. Posts dynamics regarding sport and exercise evolved according to the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown, shifting from considering sport as a healthy bastion to an activity exposed to disease like any other. Most media professional sporting events received great attention on Twitter, while grassroots and women’s sport were relegated to a residual role. The analysis of the 30 topics identified focused on the social, sporting, economic and health impact of the pandemic on the sport. Sporting cancellations, leisure time and socialization disruptions, club bankruptcies, sports training and athletes’ uncertain career development were the main concerns. Although general health measures appeared in the tweets analyzed, those addressed to sports practice were relatively scarce. Finally, this study shows the importance of Twitter as a means of conveying social attitudes towards sports and COVID-19 and its potential to generate alternative responses in future stages of the pandemic.
46
Fonseca, Luis Miguel, Ana Rita Portela, Beatriz Duarte, João Queirós, and Luis Paiva. "Mapping higher education for sustainable development in Portugal." Management & Marketing 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 1064–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mmcks-2018-0023.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) addresses sustainable development issues, in the economic, environmental, and social dimensions. The positive role of higher education institutions (HEIs), such as Universities and Polytechnic Institutes, in educating decision makers and leaders, and therefore contributing to progress and the public good, has been widely acknowledged. This investigation aims to map the BSc and MSc courses offered by Portuguese HEIs that address Sustainability (or Social Responsibility, or Ethics) in their curricula with the aim of proving their graduates with the right knowledge and competencies to overcome the Sustainable Development challenges. A systematic review utilizing a structured approach was used to analyze Portuguese HEIs BSc and MSc courses and the content analysis of their curricular units. The conclusions show that Sustainability (or Social Responsibility, or Ethics) is covered in most Social Sciences, Engineering, and Management, BSc and MSc courses, offered by the top 8 Portuguese Higher Education Institutions. However, ESD is fragmented by different approaches, issues, methodologies, and implications, lacking a consistent body of knowledge. Some courses focus more on the Social dimension, while others are more directed to the Environment or the Economic one. Sometimes the chosen approach is more normative (do what is right to do; the ethical way) and in other cases is more instrumental (do what is good for the business; the business case). Social Sciences, Engineering and Science, and Management and Economics are the three top clusters that address Sustainability related syllabus in their curricula, with 49 hours teaching hours in average for the curricular units covering Sustainability (with considerable variation). Universities have more curricular units addressing the topic while Polytechnic Institutes show a higher number of hours per curricular unit and most are of compulsory nature (while in Universities more than 50% of the curricular units are of optional nature). As the collected information was in some cases of generic nature, additional research should be used to confirm and detail these results and evaluate the effectiveness of this education to empower students to act as change agents for Sustainable Development. Benchmarking with other countries (e.g., from the European Union) is also an interesting avenue to pursue this investigation.
47
Galati, Dario, Mayra Manzano, and Igor Sotgiu. "The subjective components of happiness and their attainment: a cross-cultural comparison between Italy and Cuba." Social Science Information 45, no. 4 (December 2006): 601–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018406069594.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to identify the subjective components of happiness and to analyze their degree of attainment in two countries, Italy and Cuba, characterized by very different cultural and socio-economic structures. Two hundred and sixty-five subjects participated in a questionnaire study: 133 from Italy and 132 from Cuba. Respondents were asked to think of happiness and to write down at least 5 components that made them feel happy. A measure of overall happiness was also obtained by asking subjects to rate to what extent they had attained each component in their life. The analysis of responses provided by the two samples yielded the identification of 21 cross-culturally shared happiness components, which referred to individual interests, relational interests and values. The most relevant components in each group were health, family, love and money. Italian and Cuban subjects differed in the frequency of citation of some happiness components (e.g. money, work, partner) and in the degree of attainment of them. Overall, Cubans perceived themselves as happier than Italians. Findings are discussed in relation to the socio-economic and cultural characteristics of the Italian and Cuban contexts.
48
Kitamura, Yusuke, Selim Karkour, Yuki Ichisugi, and Norihiro Itsubo. "Evaluation of the Economic, Environmental, and Social Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Japanese Tourism Industry." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 9, 2020): 10302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410302.
Full textAbstract:
According to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) annual Emissions Gap Report 2019, further reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are needed to reduce climate change impacts. In Japan, the 2030 Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) target is an emissions reduction of 26% compared to 2013. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has led to 43,341,451 confirmed cases and 1,157,509 confirmed deaths globally and affected 218 countries (as of 27 October 2020). In Japan, as of the same date, 96,948 infectious cases and 1724 deaths related to the new coronavirus had been recorded. These numbers continue to increase. In Japan, in March 2020, the number of international tourist arrivals decreased by about 93% compared to last year at the same period. The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) reported several significant scenarios for the tourism industry. COVID-19 is the greatest shock to international tourism since 1950 and represents an abrupt end to the 10-year period of sustained growth that followed the 2009 financial crisis. It was thought that it would be possible to analyze the economic, environmental, and social impacts of rapid social changes. Thus, this study estimates changes in Japan’s tourist consumption, the carbon footprint (CFP), and employment due to the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The calculations in this study adopt a lifecycle approach using input–output tables. Based on these observations, this study uses four scenarios (SR 1, no recovery until December; SR 2, recovery from October; SR 3, recovery from July or September; and SR 0, same growth rate as 2018–2019) for Japan to calculate the CFP and employment change using input–output table analysis based on tourist consumption, which is a tourism metric. According to our results (2019 vs. SR 1 and 3), the consumption loss is between 20,540 billion yen (−65.1%) and 12,704 billion yen (−39.1%), the CFP reduction is between 89,488 Mt-CO2eq (−64.2%) and 54,030 Mt-CO2eq (−37.5%), and the employment loss is between 2,677,000 people (−64.2%) and 1,678,000 people (−37.5%). As of November 2020, the tourism industry continues to be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. In the post-COVID-19 society, it will be necessary to maintain the GHG emissions reductions achieved in this short period and realize economic recovery. This recovery must also be sustainable for tourism stakeholders and society.
49
Khan, Abdul Salam, Catalin Iulian Pruncu, Razaullah Khan, Khawar Naeem, Abdul Ghaffar, Pakeeza Ashraf, and Shah Room. "A Trade-off Analysis of Economic and Environmental Aspects of a Disruption Based Closed-Loop Supply Chain Network." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 29, 2020): 7056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177056.
Full textAbstract:
Closed-loop supply chain networks are gaining research popularity due to environmental, economic and social concerns. Such networks are primarily designed to overcome carbon footprints and to retrieve end of life products from customers. This study considers a multi echelon closed-loop supply chain in the presence of machine disruption. A multi-objective model is presented to optimize the total cost, the total time and emissions in a closed-loop supply chain network. The aim is to analyze the trade-off between the objectives of cost, time, and emissions and how these decisions are impacted by the selection of different available machines. A number of solution approaches are tested on a case study from the tire industry. The results suggest the improved performance of the hybrid heuristic and the importance of controlling disruption in a closed-loop supply chain network. Furthermore, there is a trade-off between the different objective functions which can help the decision maker to choose a particular solution according to the preference of an organization. Finally, conclusion and future research avenues are provided.
50
McInnis-Bowers, Cecilia, Denise Linda Parris, and Bella L. Galperin. "Which came first, the chicken or the egg?" Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 11, no. 1 (March 13, 2017): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-01-2015-0014.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose This paper aims to explore the relationship between entrepreneurship and resilience in an indigenous context. The overarching research questions are: What are the mechanisms that link entrepreneurial thought and action to resilience in a marginalized context? How can entrepreneurial thought and actions lead to building economic, community and cultural resilience? Design/methodology/approach An exploratory-naturalistic case study methodology was used to examine the entrepreneurial journey of the Boruca. Data were collected from in-depth semi-structured and unstructured interviews among 10 informants over a five-year period. Constant comparative method was used to analyze the data. Findings Due to the need to survive, the Boruca engaged in entrepreneurial thought and action, which, in turn, led to the development of community, cultural and economic resilience. The authors developed a conceptual model to illustrate how individual resiliency gained through entrepreneurial thought and action led to community, cultural and economic resiliency of the Boruca. Research limitations/implications This paper examines the entrepreneurial journey of one of the eight indigenous tribes of Costa Rica. Future research should expand their sample to include the other indigenous contexts. Practical implications From a practical standpoint, this paper suggests the need for entrepreneurial training among indigenous businesses as a key factor in developing resiliency. This is applicable for non-profit, for-profit and public organizations interested in preserving world ethnic cultures and empowering indigenous people. Social implications Gaining deeper and richer insights into the linkages of resilience and entrepreneurial success is important for supporting efforts of those seeking to forge pathways out of poverty. Originality/value This paper suggests a different view of the relationship between resilience and entrepreneurship when the context is outside of the resource-rich context of the developed world.