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Journal articles on the topic 'Social Enterprise Funding'
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Zheng, Shengfen. "Investigation into Funding Strategies of Social Enterprises." China Nonprofit Review 10, no. 1 (August 3, 2018): 34–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341340.
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Abstract It has been attracting growing attention of all sectors of society to support social enterprises with social investment. This article focuses on the four much-discussed funding strategies of venture philanthropy, social impact investment, social impact bonds and crowdfunding. For the research, a total of 186 questionnaires were distributed and 92 of them were returned and found valid, with the rate of recovery standing at 49.5%. It is found that among the four strategies, the more heard of, the clearer, but that a strategy is clear does not mean it is readily accepted by the people; and among the companies with the registered name including the wording of social enterprise and those logging in as social enterprises, there is no significant statistical difference in the funding strategy. The result manifests the social enterprises in Taiwan are in the start-up stage, and goes in line with this article’s observation of the funding strategies, i.e., the funding strategy of the social enterprise has a lot to do with its life cycle. On this account, this article holds that we should pay attention to the life cycle of the social enterprises, adopt appropriate funding strategies based on their development stage and build sustainable business modes.
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Neguț, Adriana. "The Sustainability of Social Enterprises." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v1i1.p257-261.
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During recent years we have witnessed a growing interest in Romania for social economy, as a result of the increasing interest of EU towards the field and the financing lines as SOP HRD 2007-2013, and as well for developing a legal framework on social economy. In Romania, many of the social economy organizations are dependent on these sources of funding, which is a major obstacle to long term sustainability of the sector. In this context, the paper aims to analyse the strategies of social enterprises established under the Priority Axis 6 of SOP HRD to ensure sustainability, on the assumption that once the funding ends they face significant risks and adopt different strategies in order to develop. The sustainability of social enterprises will be explored from three perspectives: (1) financial, seeking to identify the strategies of social enterprises to attract new funding, (2) in terms of consistency of the social enterprise with its initial objectives and principles and (3) from the point of view of the social enterprises' impact on vulnerable groups and the community. The analysis will be based on data from sociological researches on social economy entities in Romania, carried out between 2009 and 2014.
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Wang, Chunlei, Zhaowen Duan, and Larry Yu. "From nonprofit organization to social enterprise." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 28, no. 6 (June 13, 2016): 1287–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-05-2014-0230.
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Purpose This study aims to examine the development of a social enterprise in China’s tourism industry by analyzing the coevolution of the social entrepreneur and the social system. Design/methodology/approach Purposeful sampling was used to select 1kg.org as a single-case study. Semistructured in-depth interviews of three informants were conducted to obtain organization-specific insights. Interview data were analyzed following structuration theory. Secondary data and interviews of other social entrepreneurs and experts were used to support the findings. Research findings were validated using triangulation and member-checking methods. Findings Because of the institutional environment, most nonprofit organizations in China do not have resource independence and clear legal identity. Meanwhile, social enterprise has emerged as a new organizational form with the objective of creating social value through profitable business operations. Practical implications Social enterprise is still in its infancy in China, particularly in the tourism field. This study reveals an innovative and sustainable model for nonprofit organizations in China facing institutional challenges and competitive funding environments. It provides recommendations to policymakers for improving mechanisms to increase social services through social enterprises. Originality/value This study proposes a new conceptual framework for studying social entrepreneurship by adapting structuration theory to address contemporary social and business issues.
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Jaensch, Elena. "Social Enterprise Signaling Factors fostering Philanthropic Venture Capital Funding Success (WITHDRAWN)." Academy of Management Proceedings 2018, no. 1 (August 2018): 12306. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.12306abstract.
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Stickley, Anna Joy, and Kelly J. Hall. "Social enterprise: a model of recovery and social inclusion for occupational therapy practice in the UK." Mental Health and Social Inclusion 21, no. 2 (April 10, 2017): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mhsi-01-2017-0002.
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Purpose Occupational therapists are increasingly working in organisations outside of the public sector. UK government policy over the past decade has promoted health and social care provision by social enterprises. The purpose of this paper is to examine the compatibility of occupational therapy practice and a social enterprise environment, within the UK and questions if this approach may enhance experiences of social inclusion for people who use these services. Design/methodology/approach Case study methodology was used with eight social enterprises in the UK. Data were collected through: semi-structured interviews, formal organisational documents, and field visits and observations. Interviews were conducted with 26 participants who were occupational therapists, service users and social entrepreneurs/managers. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Findings Occupational therapists experienced job satisfaction, professional autonomy and were able to practise according to their professional philosophy. Service users valued support with: employment, routine, social relationships, and developing a sense of identity, particularly outside of a medical model definition. To a degree therefore, people using these services claimed socially inclusive benefits. Challenges with funding social enterprises, however, impacted occupational therapy delivery in some cases. Research limitations/implications The majority of social enterprise research is drawn from case study methodology; however, this was the most appropriate research design to gain greatest insight into a small but developing phenomenon. Further research into occupational therapy practice within social enterprises is required, particularly on the effectiveness of returning to work and social inclusion. Social implications Social enterprises can provide therapeutic environments to promote recovery and social inclusion which is also compatible with occupational therapy practice. Originality/value This is the first known national research into occupational therapy provision in social enterprises within the UK, which evidences a compatibility within occupational therapy practice within a social enterprise environment and the benefits of this.
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Ntamu, Diana Nandagire, Waswa Balunywa, John Munene, Peter Rosa, Laura A. Orobia, and Ernest Abaho. "Creating and sustaining social value through collaborative effort: the slum ambassadors of Bwaise." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 11, no. 2 (May 21, 2021): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-10-2019-0270.
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Learning outcomes By the end of their studies, students are expected to: undergraduate level. Learning objective 1: Describe the concept of social entrepreneurship. Learning objective 2: Explain the sources and challenges of funding social entrepreneurial activities. Learning objective 3: Discuss the different strategies that social entrepreneurs may use to raise funds. Postgraduate level. Learning Objective 1: Use theory to explain the concept of social entrepreneurship. Learning objective 2: Discuss the role of social capital in facilitating resource acquisition for social entrepreneurial activities. Learning objective 3: Evaluate the current action for fundamental change and development (AFFCAD) funding model and propose strategies that may be used by a social enterprise to achieve financial sustainability when donor funding expires. Case overview/synopsis The past decade has seen the emergence of many social enterprises from disadvantaged communities in low-income countries, seeking to provide solutions to social problems, which in developed countries would normally be addressed by government sponsored welfare programmes. The social entrepreneurs behind such initiatives are typically drawn from the disadvantaged communities they serve. They are often young people committed to improving the lives of their most disadvantaged community members. Being poor themselves and located in the poorest communities, establishing their enterprise faces fundamental challenges of obtaining resources and if accessed, sustaining the flow of resources to continue and grow their enterprise. Targeting external donors and mobilizing social resources within their community is a typical route to get their enterprise off the ground, but sustaining momentum when donor funding ceases requires changes of strategy and management. How are young social entrepreneurs dealing with these challenges? The case focusses on AFFCAD, a social enterprise founded by Mohammed Kisirisa and his three friends to support poor people in Bwaise, the largest slum in Kampala city. It illustrates how, like many other similar social enterprise teams, the AFFCAD team struggled to establish itself and its continuing difficulties in trying to financially sustain its activities. The case demonstrates how the youngsters mobilised social networks and collective action to gain access to donor funding and how they are modifying this strategy as donor funding expires. From an academic perspective, a positive theory of social entrepreneurship (Santos, 2012) is applied to create an understanding of the concept of social entrepreneurship. The case uses the social capital theory to demonstrate the role played by social ties in enabling social entrepreneurs to access financial and non-financial support in a resource scarce context (Bourdieu, 1983; Coleman, 1988, 1990). The National Council for Voluntary Organisations Income Spectrum is used as a tool to develop the options available for the AFFCAD team to sustain their activities in the absence of donor support. The case provides evidence that social entrepreneurs are not limited by an initial lack of resources especially if they create productive relationships at multiple levels in the communities where they work. However, their continued success depends on the ability to reinvent themselves by identifying ways to generate revenue to achieve their social goals. Complexity academic level This case study is aimed at Bachelor of Entrepreneurship students, MBA, MSc. Entrepreneurship and Masters of Social Innovation students. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
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Beck, Shelley B., Ayanda P. Deliwe, and Elroy E. Smith. "Assessing SME Perceptions of Using Green Social Media Marketing." 11th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 11, no. 1 (December 9, 2020): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2020.11(74).
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The image of an enterprise in relation to the environment in which it operates is currently of increased importance (Liskova, Cudlinova, Partlova & Petr, 2016, p.64). An enterprise's brand image is a customer's perception of a brand and can help customers assemble information, discriminate brands, create positive feelings, and create a reason to purchase (Huang, Yang & Wang, 2014, p.263). Therefore, enterprises aim to create a strong positive image of their brand which can be generated through marketing programmes. Social media marketing is the application of marketing principles, tools and techniques to social media platforms to differentiate and position the brand better than competitors (Neti, 2011, p.3). Enterprises should therefore use social media to promote and communicate their green initiatives to their stakeholders because of the prominent benefits it offers. Conscious and careful use of social media is the most promising investment for furthering an enterprise's green marketing strategies and by implementing green projects as a CSR initiative SMEs can satisfy their stakeholders (Williams, Page & Petrosky, 2014, p.26). SMEs do not effectively and efficiently market their enterprises due to the lack of funding, insufficient cash flow and the need for technical assistance to market their enterprise (National Small Business Chamber, 2016). Social media is the most popular means of communication in society and provide a good solution as it allows enterprises to interact with their stakeholders through dialogue and engagement to identify and satisfy stakeholder expectations (Bibri, 2008, p.14). The implementation of marketing activities that communicate enterprises' social and environmental initiatives creates added value and enhances financial performance (Bibri, 2008, p.14). If SMEs promote their green initiatives in their marketing communications that are directed at their stakeholders, they could succeed in marketing their business effectively and as a result grow and survive in the long term. However, few SMEs in South Africa are aware that implementing green strategies can improve their profitability and their survival. Keywords: Green marketing; social media marketing; SME's
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Pinch, Steven, and Peter Sunley. "Social enterprise and neoinstitutional theory." Social Enterprise Journal 11, no. 3 (November 2, 2015): 303–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sej-07-2014-0030.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to argue that neoinstitutional theory can provide insights into the conflicts between social ends and economic means within social enterprises (SEs). Tensions between these differing institutional logics may be seen as a manifestation of ambiguity and incoherence in an organizational field that is, despite many recent regulative and normative changes, still weakly institutionalized in the UK. Design/methodology/approach – The research design adopts a qualitative approach and is based on semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 40 SE managers in four major UK cities. Findings – Findings suggest that SE managers deal with the competing institutional logics of “the market” and “social care” in differing ways. Research limitations/implications – The case studies are derived from major UK cities where SEs are more likely to be dependent on state and quasi-public sector forms of support. Practical implications – Policies attempting to imbue a more commercial and business-like approach with the institutional field of SE should recognize the tensions imposed by such a shift. These tensions are especially pronounced in SEs affected by changes to state funding regimes and publicly sponsored markets. In some situations, such market logic may be largely inappropriate. Social implications – Changing institutional logics within an organizational field such as SE requires a recognition of the complex interrelationships between that factors that create and sustain such a field, most notably legal (regulative), educational (normative) and attitudinal (cognitive) factors. Originality/value – This is one of the few papers to explore the value of neoinstitutional theory in the context of SE.
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Smith, Brett R., Maria L. Cronley, and Terri F. Barr. "Funding Implications of Social Enterprise: The Role of Mission Consistency, Entrepreneurial Competence, and Attitude toward Social Enterprise on Donor Behavior." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 31, no. 1 (April 2012): 142–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jppm.11.033.
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Roy, Michael J., Neil McHugh, and Clementine Hill O'Connor. "Social Innovation: Worklessness, Welfare and Well-being." Social Policy and Society 13, no. 3 (March 24, 2014): 457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746414000104.
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The UK Government has recently implemented large-scale public-sector funding cuts and substantial welfare reform. Groups within civil society are being encouraged to fill gaps in service provision, and ‘social innovation’ has been championed as a means of addressing social exclusion, such as that caused by worklessness, a major impediment to citizens being able to access money, power and resources, which are key social determinants of health. The aim of this article is to make the case for innovative ‘upstream’ approaches to addressing health inequalities, and we discuss three prominent social innovations gaining traction: microcredit for enterprise; social enterprise in the form of Work Integration Social Enterprises (WISEs); and Self Reliant Groups (SRGs). We find that while certain social innovations may have the potential to address health inequalities, large-scale research programmes that will yield the quality and range of empirical evidence to demonstrate impact, and, in particular, an understanding of the causal pathways and mechanisms of action, simply do not yet exist.
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Staicu, Daniela. "Financial sustainability of social enterprise in Central and Eastern Europe." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 12, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 907–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2018-0081.
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Abstract Recent years have seen a burgeoning interest in social enterprise across Europe. In Central and Eastern European countries, the transition to a market economy stimulated civil society initiatives, and opened new pathways for entrepreneurial initiatives, including the pioneering establishment of the first social enterprises. Eight of the Central and Eastern European countries studied acknowledge the functioning of approximately 24000 social enterprises ‘hidden’ among a variety of existing legal forms, out of which 15172 associations and foundations undertaking some economic activity. Relatively little consideration has been given to the longer-term growth and performance of these hybrid organizational forms. To succeed, these ventures must adhere to both social goals and financial constraints. It implies that common forces from multiple actors - government and other public bodies, banks, corporations, investment funds as well as individuals join efforts. Business failure among social enterprises has been attributed to various difficulties related to size, a lack of resources, and finance and funding issues. It is essential to understand which revenue streams ensure financial sustainability in the case of the social enterprise. This paper analyzes the entrepreneurial dimension of social enterprise activity in eight Central and East European countries: Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia, addressing the question of social enterprise revenue streams. Most social enterprises examined are aware of the need to insure financial stability to their social mission and are actively securing and combining a blend of income streams, in order to avoid overdependence on one source of income and insure sustainability. None of the countries are solely depending on market sources. Research limitations were encountered when analyzing the variety of revenue streams due to the fact that some country reports presented also the dimension of a specific revenue, whereas others do not comprise specific numbers.
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Kwak, Kwan Hoon. "Presented Articles : A Study on Funding for Sustainability of the Social Enterprise." Commercial Law Review 34, no. 2 (August 31, 2015): 317–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21188/clr.34.2.8.
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Hoque, Nazamul, Mohammad Hasmat Ali, Sirajul Arefeen, Md Masrurul Mowla, and Abdullahil Mamun. "Use of Crowdfunding for Developing Social Enterprises: An Islamic Approach." International Journal of Business and Management 13, no. 6 (May 16, 2018): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n6p156.
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Crowd-funding is an open call to mass people through the internet for fund in the form of financial donation, lending, or in any other forms such as in exchange for a future product, service, or reward. The concept is relatively new but growing at a very high rate around the world. Companies are using it mostly for efficiency ground. This study is based on the argument that conventional crowd-funding models cannot be applicable exactly in the Islamic societies due to philosophical ground. In this paper, we have discussed crowd-funding models from Islamic perspectives for funding projects of social enterprise/social business in the Muslim societies with a view to ensure social equity and justice by removing many social problems like unemployment and poverty.
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Grant, Suzanne. "Social enterprise in New Zealand: an overview." Social Enterprise Journal 13, no. 4 (November 6, 2017): 410–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sej-09-2017-0046.
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PurposeThis paper aims to provide an overview of the New Zealand social enterprise (SE) landscape, identifying key influences, enablers of and barriers to SE. Initial mapping is undertaken to identify types of SE in New Zealand. The paper contributes to the wider International Comparative Social Enterprise Models mapping project. Design/methodology/approachData collection combined reviews of previous scholarship with interviews with staff in SEs. FindingsThe New Zealand SE landscape is still emerging. The redevelopment of Christchurch following the 2010 and 2011 earthquakes has provided many opportunities for SE growth. Government support has been limited but is at least growing in terms of recognition. In 2014, the government provided base funding for developing SE infrastructure and capacity building, which is primarily delivered through the intermediary Akina Foundation. Resourcing is a key barrier to SE growth. Four main models of SE are evident: trading not-for-profits, community economic development, business-oriented social innovation and Maori enterprises. Research limitations/implicationsThe mapping presented is only a snap shot of current status, rather than a static model. Growth and developments in SE will see each category move as their SE activities develop. Practical implicationsIdentifying and better understanding barriers and enablers will help further advance development of SE in New Zealand. Originality/valueScholarship on SE in New Zealand is limited. This paper brings together key literature as well as provides an initial attempt at mapping the SE landscape. Doing so provides a starting point for further discussion and analysis.
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Novoselova, I. Yu, A. A. Avramenko, and R. A. Aliev. "Program for Regional Conflict Prevention when Using Natural Resources Authors." Economy of Region 16, no. 2 (March 2020): 637–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/2020-2-23.
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The extraction of natural resources in the mining regions causes environmental pollution, changes the landscape, and reduces biodiversity, and leads to conflicts between the local population and the mining enterprises. The paper aims to design a methodological tool for eliminating social tensions in the mining regions during field development and exploitation. The goal can be achieved by creating compensation projects that take into account the priorities assessed by the stakeholders: the population, the regional authorities and the mining enterprise. As the compensation projects strive to solve social and environmental problems in the mining regions, they include the direct financial compensation to the population, development of traditional enterprisers, reduction of environmental pollution, infrastructure development, etc. We focused on two logically connected tasks: 1) assessing the significance of compensation projects and funding by the regional budget and the mining enterprise; 2) determining the sequencing of the considered projects. For solving the first task, we proposed a method of the multi-criteria significance assessment of program projects from the perspective of the population, the regional authorities and the mining enterprise, based on a specific unified rating scale. This method uses a technique that cuts off options with low interest in the projects. Thus, it allows assessing the significance of the program projects, as well as calculating the shares of funding by the mining enterprise and the regional budget. For solving the second task, we applied the economic and mathematical model and the heuristic method, determining which projects should be implemented first. The experimental calculations showed that the developed compensation programs comply with the preferences of the stakeholders. The application of the developed approach can contribute to the balanced socio-economic development of the mining regions in conditions of intensive field development and exploitation.
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Henderson, Fiona, Christine Reilly, David Moyes, and Geoffrey Whittam. "From charity to social enterprise: the marketization of social care." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 24, no. 3 (May 8, 2018): 651–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-10-2016-0344.
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Purpose In Scotland, the self-directed support (SDS) legislation is a catch-all payment system which brings challenges to local authorities, service delivery organisations and the service users it is intended to empower. Set against a backdrop of cuts to local authorities and third-sector funding, this policy presents third-sector organisations with both the opportunities and challenges of commercialising their activities to become more sustainable. The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence of the challenges faced by one charity as it engages in a process of hybridity to accommodate changes in its funding due to the introduction of SDS. Design/methodology/approach The paper utilises a case study approach. The paper captures the experiences and views of managers, staff and parents advocating for their children through interviews with a purposive sample from each group. The challenges of gathering data and giving a voice to caregivers advocating for children with complex needs are discussed, particularly the difficulties in accessing a hard to reach group. Findings The findings identifies issues which have arisen because of the proposed changed in strategic direction of the organisation due to the introduction of SDS and are all related to hybridity. The findings are arranged in four sub-sections based on the themes that emerged from the qualitative data generated from the interviews: the practical delivery of care; tensions between care and quality, the care workforce, and the parent perspective. Research limitations/implications SDS policy has had unexpected impacts and reactions whilst rolling out across regions in Scotland, but policymakers and those involved in the care sector, including consumers, face significant challenges in gathering evidence not only from the vulnerable populations this policy affects but also from organisations already under pressure from austerity-led cuts. This paper presents the challenges to organisations involved in caring for children with complex needs, who are a particularly neglected group of stakeholders. Practical implications Organically arising barriers to organisational transition from charity to social enterprise are presented, as staff and caregivers react to the prospect of SDS uptake affecting their organisation. Proactive attempts to embrace a hybrid approach by the organisation are analysed. Social implications Understanding how social care organisations and clients are reacting to the implementation of individual payments as opposed to the previous system of block contracts is crucial as the sector faces very real prospects of organisations closing when individuals are able to pick and choose care. A policy based on choice and control for the consumer risks removing choice through a loss of services in the marketplace, leaving vulnerable populations at risk. Originality/value This study is unique. No research has been done exploring the transition of charities servicing children with complex needs in anticipation of self-directed payments creating an open market. The paper further contributes to the existing knowledge regarding hybrid organisations within the third sector.
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Urban, Boris. "Evaluation of social enterprise outcomes and self-efficacy." International Journal of Social Economics 42, no. 2 (February 9, 2015): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-03-2013-0071.
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Purpose – Understanding of social values is emerging, particularly as the phrases “social impact” and “social value” and the measurement thereof, are ubiquitous in both practitioner and academic discourse today. These terms are particularly relevant to those involved in social initiatives that are required at some stage to demonstrate to stakeholders, investors, funders, or simply themselves that they have the capability to deliver. The purpose of this paper is to link the evaluation of social enterprise outcomes to individual efficacy beliefs. Design/methodology/approach – The study is survey based (165 respondents) and conducted in two major cities in South Africa, where social entrepreneurship (SE) has unequivocal application. Social outcomes and self-efficacy are operationalized and measured along multi-dimensional scales. After checking the instruments for validity and reliability, correlational and multiple regression analyses are performed to determine the predicted relationship between the specified variables. Findings – Empirical findings reveal that evaluation of social enterprise outcomes is associated with higher levels of self-efficacy. Significant results support the propositions that perceptions of capability are positively related to implementing a social vision, sustainability, social networking, innovativeness and financial returns. Research limitations/implications – The main implications of this study are that measuring SE efficacy in advance of funding may indicate probability of venture success. Originality/value – The study is one of the first to provide a much needed account of the evaluation of social enterprises in relation to self-efficacy in an emerging market context.
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Maher, Chi. "Public Policy and the Sustainability of Third Sector Social Enterprises." International Journal of Sustainable Entrepreneurship and Corporate Social Responsibility 4, no. 1 (January 2019): 42–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsecsr.2019010103.
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This article examines how public policy is shaping and bolstering small social enterprise sustainability in the UK regions. As government interests in social enterprise activities and contribution to public services delivery grows, the need to provide regional qualitative data that informs policy makers of the challenges and sustainability needs of these organisations is paramount. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) and managers in three UK regions to ascertain how policy framework poses challenges and/or boosts small third-sector social enterprise sustainability. The research findings suggest strategies to improve sustainability will include changes in public policy to help these organisations to develop and sustain appropriate effective services. The research contributes to empirical research investigating the insinuation of regional funding variations on small social enterprise development and sustainability.
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Berisha, Fahredin. "Funding Challenges of Small and Medium Enterprises in Transition Countries: Kosovo Case Study." Journal of Economics and Management Sciences 3, no. 2 (June 20, 2020): p71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/jems.v3n2p71.
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SMEs play a very important role in the development of economies of different countries and they are now considered as a key factor of economic development. They affect unemployment, promote social welfare and can be treated as a promoter of economic growth. The paper addresses the role and importance of financing SMEs in transition countries including Kosovo. The study examines the key factors affecting the increase of SME financing from external sources, namely bank lending since other external sources of financing in Kosovo are scarce and almost non-existent. For the purposes of this paper, data from 215 SMEs surveyed in Kosovo were used, randomly distributed across manufacturing, services and commerce sectors. Data collection was done in the period January-April 2016, and their processing was carried out with SPSS (Social Package for Social Science). In order to have more consistent information during data processing, certain models were used in the paper: Paried-Samples T Test, which was used to investigate the difference between two sets of averages, which indicates that the business plan for the enterprise is relevant to bank loan access. The One Way Anova model was used to test the differences between two or more averages, and through this model is proved that high-profit enterprises have achieved easier access to bank loans. Also following the One Way Anova and Post Hoc LSD test, there were found differences between groups of enterprise by their types, activity and age. The research shows that enterprises with older ages have been able to obtain more easily bank loans. The One Way Anova and Welch-Brown-Forthyse test was used to deal with the level of education of business owners, whereby it was found that owners with a high level of education had easier access to bank loans. Through the Indepedent Samples T Test technique it was found that there is a significant difference between the age groups of the owners based on the mean and standard deviation.
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Cheah, Sarah, and Yuen-Ping Ho. "Building the Ecosystem for Social Entrepreneurship: University Social Enterprise Cases in Singapore." Science, Technology and Society 24, no. 3 (October 4, 2019): 507–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971721819873190.
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There has been limited study on the role of the startup ecosystem in social entrepreneurship. This article addresses the gap by applying a theoretical framework of startup ecosystem to two social enterprises originating from a Singapore university, examining how they engage with stakeholders to create social impact. WateRoam Pte Ltd is a water innovation startup that deploys cost-effective water filtration solutions to rural communities and disaster-hit locations. Tware is a wearable technology startup with a range of therapeutic products for individuals with autism, stress or anxiety. The two cases provide insights on the ecosystem for social ventures in Singapore. The Finance domain is identified as a potential area of improvement, as there is uncertainty on the appropriate growth trajectory for funding. University incubation and mentor networks are found to be pivotal in extending the Markets domain. Finally, this study highlights the Supports domain in the form of university R&D facilities and accelerator programmes that have been instrumental in strengthening connections. Extending beyond the university context, it is evident that infrastructural resources in the ecosystem are crucial. Policymakers may draw on the experience of countries, like Israel, which have successfully built such support facilities to nurture innovation-based social enterprises.
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Chatterjee, Debabrata, T. N. Krishnan, and Ankita Tandon. "Sustaining a Social Enterprise: Palash Eye Hospital." Asian Case Research Journal 19, no. 02 (December 2015): 231–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218927515500091.
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Palash Eye Hospital was established with the aim of providing free eye care to the poor and affordable treatment to individuals with paying capacity in Calicut district of the State of Kerala in Southern India. Starting as the only specialty eye hospital of its kind in 1999, the hospital had grown over the last 10 years. It was operated on a cross-subsidy model where revenues from paid services were used for providing free treatment and funding expansion plans. The hospital was being managed by Palash Eye Care Trust while its community outreach activities were being handled by Palash Eye Care Society. With the entry of new commercial eye hospitals in the region, the hospital was facing competition for skilled resources and was falling behind on efficiency. The growth of the hospital was not accompanied with a corresponding development of structures and processes. The hospital was being run on the basis of informal relationships which could not be depended upon to manage a growing enterprise. Administrative control of the hospital lay in the hands of the Trust and Society members and was not shared with the medical staff. This had resulted in dissatisfaction on the part of doctors who wanted to be involved in the hospital administration in order to professionalize and increase hospital efficiency. Consequently, a conflict of interests emerged between the Trust and Society members on the one hand and the doctors on the other. Lack of established operating processes, career growth avenues, and reward and recognition systems was also creating discontent among the paramedical staff. At the same time, the failing health of the founder chairman was not allowing him to be actively involved in the hospital activities. Being a member of both the Trust and the Society, he was managing the interests of both groups in the hospital. In view of his decreased role, the problem of developing new interlocking mechanisms between the Trust and the Society was surfacing.
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Medina Munro, Michelle, and Charles Belanger. "Analyzing external environment factors affecting social enterprise development." Social Enterprise Journal 13, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sej-06-2016-0021.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze how factors in the external environment affect social enterprise (SE) development in Canada. With the decline in government funding for non-profit organizations, SE development is gaining greater traction. SEs are businesses and can be analyzed with methods similar to those for traditional businesses. Just as the external environment is important for assessing the success of businesses, in this study, the authors examine the external environment related to SEs. Design/methodology/approach In this statistical analysis, the authors compared 62 factors across 33 census metropolitan areas (CMAs) in Canada while treating SE revenue as the dependent variable. Links between the dependent variable and the external environment were analyzed through correlation and regression tests. Publicly available revenue figures for non-profit SEs by CMAs were compared with a selection of external environment factors, including demographic information and health indicators, also organized by CMA, as published by Statistics Canada. Findings The analysis demonstrated that three of the factors displayed significant positive correlation and one resulted in a predictive value. Positive correlations were discovered between SE revenue per capita and three of the variables: university education, perceived health, very good or excellent and no religious affiliation. Only university education was found to have predictive value. Originality/value This study is the first to compare SE revenue and the external environment across Canada’s CMAs. The results show that factors in the external environment create conditions more conducive to SE development.
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Purdy, Christopher. "How One Social Marketing Organization Is Transitioning From Charity to Social Enterprise." Social Marketing Quarterly 26, no. 2 (April 13, 2020): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500420918703.
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The financing model of the U.S. non-profit social marketing organization DKT International has changed dramatically since it was founded 31 years ago. In the early days, DKT was reliant on donor funding, and most of its products were heavily subsidized in order to reach low-income and marginalized populations. However, over the last three decades, DKT has become increasingly financially sustainable due to a fortuitous combination of clever marketing, rising incomes, and the stable and often declining cost of procuring contraceptives. This has been especially true in middle-income countries like Indonesia, Brazil, and Ghana but also in lower-income countries and regions like Ethiopia and Bihar, India. Because all DKT programs sell products, they earn revenue. Through a mixture of cost recovery and cross-subsidization strategies, DKT has been able to simultaneously serve a wide range of income segments while generating sales revenue that can offset costs and even turn a profit in some countries. Such profits are reinvested in activities that educate and shift behavior or deployed to other countries to start up new ventures. This article describes the transition experienced by DKT, from charity to social enterprise, and profiles country examples in three different stages of financial sustainability, providing potential lessons for other non-profits. As generating resources for non-profits becomes more challenging, organizations may wish to explore ways to generate revenues and increase cost recovery by monetizing the products and services they provide.
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Yuan, Jia De. "Legal Construction of Employer Payment Bond System in Engineering Management." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 3339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.3339.
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With the rational regression of house price and the decline in volume of real estate transactions across the country, both real estate development enterprise and construction enterprise face a series of fund shortage in the short term, or even medium-to-long term. Because construction enterprise has a lot of workers , lack of funding leads directly to a wide range of negative social effects. How to make construction enterprise avoid and transfer potential risks effectively? the resolutions include revising the existing laws, consolidating the project priorities of No. 286 clause of contract law, endowing clearly the contractor with the lien, establishing practical employer payment bond system.
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Ogochukwu, Chukwu Anthony, and Karina Kasztelnik. "Innovative Strategies For Social-Economic Development Financial Strategies In The Development Country." SocioEconomic Challenges 5, no. 1 (2021): 44–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/sec.5(1).44-65.2021.
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This research paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the Small and medium scale enterprises constitute the backbone of any nations economic development and had remained a major contributor in poverty alleviation, employment generation, and industrialization. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of small and medium scale enterprise owners in the development country, regarding the raising of finances from lending institutions to ensure their business growth and sustenance. A phenomenological qualitative approach for this study as it empowers the researcher to investigate the lived experiences of participants to gain a deep understanding of the small number of participants who had raised funding from financing institutions and how to improve their experiences thereby reducing the challenges while seeking for financing. The relevance of this scientific problem discussion from the organizational life cycle theory and working capital management theory to emphasize the concept of study environment, financing institutions, knowledge, and experience of small business owners. Key findings emerged that within the business environment, there are lack of government policies to support small businesses, and financing institutions are not favorably disposed to support small and medium scale business. The wide-ranging factors discussed in this article also brought to fore additional financing strategies adopted by small businesses as alternatives to banks funding, the effect adequate funding will have their operations and the improvement required by government, financing institutions and owners of small businesses to support the growth and development of small businesses. The results of the research study may contribute to positive social change by creating awareness amongst small and medium scale business owners on the best financial strategies to fund their operations to remain profitable and sustained. The research study highlighted the need for both the government and financing institutions to support small businesses to function effectively to remain relevant, continue to generate more employment, improve the living standard of the owners of small business, and ultimately impact development country at large. Finally, this study added to the existing literature on small and medium scale enterprises financing strategies, their challenges, and their means to ameliorate the difficulties experienced by their owners when seeking for funding from lending institutions.
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., Hamdani. "CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE (MSME / UMKM) AS A FORM OF ECONOMIC JUSTICE IN BANTEN PROVINCE." Management Journal of Binaniaga 2, no. 02 (December 31, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33062/mjb.v2i02.131.
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The purpose of the study is to give an idea relates to the policy of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in actualize economic justice for MSME in Banten Province. This research used descriptive explorative approach by analyzing the empowerment strategies for MSME. The study conducted by using literature review referring on the relevant studies and applicable legislations product including local regulation about CSR. To actualize the economic justice, strategies and policies in supporting the populist economic movement MSME based. The existence of the government is crucial to connect the companies to MSME. The ease of access to funding and business assistance as a strategy to increase the competitiveness MSME in Banten Province. As a commitment to MSME empowerment, the local government could issue the regulation about CSR as a funding sources for MSME. Therefore, the synergic relationship with all parties especially the government, MSME and company need to be developed. The implementation of CSR has been arranged in Perda No 5 of 2016. Technically the used of funding CSR as a source of funding for MSME need to be explained. The goal is that MSME could grow independently. The MSME that grows independently gives people opportunities to work, it means that its existence consistent with the government’s program in addressing the issue of unemployment and poverty. If all parties has the same concern to support the populist economy by using the CSR funding allocation for MSME, the aims of equity and the economic justice for people can be reached.Keywords: CSR, MSME, and Economic Justice
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Ambrosini, Maurizio, and Paolo Boccagni. "Imprese sociali e rapporti con la comunitŕ locale: radicamento, legittimazione, rappresentanza." PARTECIPAZIONE E CONFLITTO, no. 3 (October 2009): 147–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/paco2009-003009.
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- The local embeddedness of social enterprises, within community-based contexts and networks, is generally taken for granted. Yet, empirical research on the matter in Italy is still poor. Even theoretical analyses often follow a prescriptive approach, as if community networking and social capital generation were natural properties of such organizations. The article elaborates on a few theoretical categories which can be helpful in operationalizing and empirically testing the third sector's ties with local communities - whether in the start-up or during the life course of social enterprises. A case study on an EU-led funding initiative involving social enterprises is then analyzed. Special attention is given to the role of "intermediary bodies", representative of the civil society at local level. This allows for a critical reflection on the potential and the limits of partnerships between public authorities and social enterprises. As far as these enterprises state, and as they aree expected to participate in local policy-making processes, some key dilemmas emerge, such as the tension between advocacy and policybuilding, or between the representation of local civil society and their active involvement in public policies. Finally, a balance is provided of the prospects for a more "community oriented" model of social enterprise to be developed across the country.Keywords: Social Enterprises, Community, Social Capital, Organizational Networks, Participation in The Policy-Making Process.
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Kim, Jasper. "A socio-legal corporate governance model: Analyzing South Korea’s social enterprise promotion act using public-private partnerships." Corporate Ownership and Control 12, no. 3 (2015): 357–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv12i3c3p7.
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Can South Korea reregulate and reconstitute its current conglomerate-based, export-dependent “Korea, Inc.” model towards a more socio-legal corporate governance model more inclusive of socio-economic stakeholder equality concerns? By enacting the Social Enterprise Promotion Act (SEPA), a law expressly aimed at boosting domestic social enterprises through public-private partnerships (PPPs), South Korea became one of the few if only economies in the world to pass a social enterprise law at the national level (rather than at a state or governnment agency level, as in the US or UK). Historically, South Korea’s greatest economic strength in the post-1945 period was its ability to create a significant manufacturing and export sector dominated by large conglomerates (referred to as “chaebol,” such as Samsung, LG, and Hyundai) that still dominates the economic landscape today—creating “Korea, Inc.” Such corporate governance model allowed South Korea to become an economic success story based on its achievements in the twentieth century, at the risk of being highly export-dependent. However, South Korea has recently put forth regulatory efforts towards creating a new economic path based less on manufacturing and exports by large chaebol (the “Korea, Inc.” model) and greater focus on smaller-size social enterprises that can provide economic growth while also achieving certain socio-economic objectives, including furthering “economic democratization” and socio-economic inclusion by uniquely utilizing PPPs. As such, the nation’s policymakers enacted the Social Enterprise Promotion Act (SEPA). The main objective of SEPA was to provide a regulatory framework for the establishment, funding and regulation of social enterprises. This article provides a regulatory and socio-economic corporate governance perspective regarding SEPA, which includes policy arguments related to the benefits and barriers of the act, in addition to survey results from respondents in South Korea related to social enterprises and similar entities. If successful, SEPA would ideally foster a more sustainable twenty-first century South Korean economic ecosystem, based less on export-dependence, and more on incentive-taking and innovation, while improving the nation’s overall socio-economic conditions by utilizing a unique socio-legal corporate governance model within Asia’s fourth largest economy
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Aziz, M. Nusrate, and Osman Bin Mohamad. "Islamic social business to alleviate poverty and social inequality." International Journal of Social Economics 43, no. 6 (June 13, 2016): 573–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-06-2014-0129.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify some well-set instruments in Islam that can efficiently alleviate poverty, solve social problems and reduce social inequality through a new operational framework called “Islamic social business (ISB)”. Design/methodology/approach – This is a conceptual research that is based on Al-Quranic principles as well as contemporary social welfare philosophies, such as, augmented stakeholder theory, social enterprise and social business. Al-Quran, Al-Hadith and existing traditional and Islamic literature are consulted for this study. Findings – The study proposes an efficient system of Islamic wealth sourcing and management to make the process of poverty alleviation sustainable. Other social problems for disadvantaged people, such as, health-, shelter-, literacy- and environmental-related issues are also addressed in the proposed system. The study identifies the inefficiency in the current practices and makes some propositions that are in conformance with Islamic principles and implementable by Islamic institutions all over the world. The authors propose a theoretical framework and operational propositions for ISB. Practical implications – In following this study, social policymakers, Islamic financial institutions, Islamic social enterprises and Islamic charity organizations will find organized guidelines to initiate “new entities” or “reshape existing entities”. Social implications – The study will be effective in solving social problems, alleviating poverty and reducing social inequality. Originality/value – This is the first study that identifies all the potential Islamic sources of funding and the efficient management thereof through ISB. The study also proposes an ISB model and makes several propositions for different types of ISB.
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Schweer Rayner, Cynthia, Camilla Thorogood, and Francois Bonnici. "VillageReach: innovating for improved health care at the “last mile”." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 10, no. 4 (November 23, 2020): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-10-2019-0262.
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Learning outcomes The learning outcomes are to understand the definition of public value and the strategic drivers behind public value creation, understand the nature of social innovation in the public sector, identify the critical opportunities and challenges involved in sustaining innovation in the public sector and identify the role that non-profit organizations can play in supporting and sustaining social innovation. Case overview/synopsis This case puts participants in the shoes of a global health innovator’s leadership team as the organization approaches a funding crisis. The organization, VillageReach, is on a quest to expand across the public health system of Mozambique and experiences a funding dilemma. The case reveals the challenges of working with governments to achieve large-scale, systemic change. It explores the conundrum of using international donor funding to embed new practices in government service delivery. Ultimately, it asks participants to choose between the pursuit of new, small-scale innovative projects and the large-scale rollout of a national programme. Complexity academic level This teaching case is written for courses focused on social entrepreneurship, social innovation and social change. It can also be used in courses focused on non-profit management and public sector innovation. Specifically, the teaching case is suitable for two audiences: social enterprise and non-profit managers focused on strategy, development and operations (the case focuses on an enterprise that relies primarily on donor funding) and health-care managers and administrators. Generally, the case is suitable for undergraduates in their final year of study as well as graduate-level business and public administration courses, including MBA, MPH, MPA, EMBA and Executive Education courses. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
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Sutherland, Margie, and Kerryn Krige. "Unjani “clinics in a container”: social franchising in South Africa." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 7, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-06-2016-0151.
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Subject area This case study focuses on social entrepreneurship in emerging markets, looking at what is social entrepreneurship, theories of market failure, opportunity generation through effectuation, social franchising and funding. Study level/applicability Students of social entrepreneurship, development studies, sustainable livelihoods and asset-based development. It is useful for customised or short programmes or for students with a background in business (e.g. Diploma in Business Administration/MBA/custom programmes) wanting to understand social enterprise and blended theories of social and economic change. Case overview The case tells the story of Unjani container clinics which are providing affordable, quality access to people who struggle to access South Africa’s crumbling public health system. Dr Iain Barton recognised the role that nurses can play to relieve pressure on the system, by providing primary healthcare. He piloted Unjani using shipping containers as clinics with support from his company, Imperial Health Sciences. The story of Unjani is therefore one of startup and sustainable growth, partnership and building independent, self-sustaining social enterprises in a franchising system. The theory explored includes the importance of context, the role of market failure in spotting opportunity, developing opportunity through effectuation, defining social entrepreneurship and funding and growing the organisation. Expected learning outcomes The teaching objectives are framed by Mair (2010) who finds that where social entrepreneurs operate affects what they do and how they do it. Objective 1: Explores the influence of context on social entrepreneurship helping students frame a definition of social entrepreneurship. Objective 2: Students are able to connect the theory of market failure to opportunity identification and effectuation for social entrepreneurs. Objective 3: Students apply the definition of social entrepreneurship based on Santos’ (2010) Positive Theory. Objective 4: Students will be able to apply knowledge of social franchising models, as an approach to scaling. Objective 5: Students understand the principles of resource dependency theory and are able to use the funding spectrum as a tool to identify funding types. Supplementary materials Links to two videos are provided in the case. Recommendations are also made for materials to be used in the class, e.g. Global Competitiveness Index and Gapminder World, which are excellent tools to demonstrate the social and economic growth divide. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
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Krige, Kerryn Ayanda Malindi, Verity Hawarden, and Rose Cohen. "From NPO to social enterprise: the story of Schwab awardee, Sharanjeet Shan." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 9, no. 4 (December 13, 2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-02-2018-0015.
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Learning outcomes This case study introduces students to the core characteristics of social entrepreneurship by teaching Santos (2012) positive theory. The case allows students to transition from comprehension and application of what social entrepreneurship is, to considering how they operate. Druckers (2005) argument that social organisations will never have sufficient resources to do their work because they operate in an environment of infinite need is the catalyst for a conversation on resource dependency theory and the risks of mission drift. Students are introduced to the funding spectrum that can be used to understand the type of income that comes to an organisation, and to apply this to the case. By the end of their studies, students should be able to apply the Santos (2012) definition to social enterprises and social entrepreneurs, have insight into the complexity of operating in an environment of infinite need and able to apply the funding spectrum as a tool to manage to understanding financial sustainability. Case overview/synopsis The case tells the story of Sharanjeet Shan, a globally recognised social entrepreneur, and recipient of the Schwab Foundation’s Social Entrepreneur of the Year award in 2015. Shan moved to South Africa as the country moved into democracy, and has spent the past 20-plus years building the skills of Black African school children in mathematics and science through the organisation she leads, Maths Centre. But the country remains at the bottom of world rankings for the quality of its maths and science education, despite spending more per capita on education than any other country in Africa. Maths Centre has seen a dip in donations despite steady growth in the amount of money that businesses are investing in social change in South Africa through corporate social investment. But does Shan really need more donor income? Or are there other ways that she can build the financial sustainability of Maths Centre? Complexity academic level This case study is aimed at students of non-profit management, entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship, women in leadership, corporate social investment, development studies and sustainable livelihoods. It is written at an Honours / Masters level and is therefore also appropriate for use in customised or short programmes. The case study is a good introduction for students with a background in business (e.g. Diploma in Business Administration / MBA / custom programmes) who are wanting to understand social enterprise and apply their learning's. Supplementary materials A list of supplementary materials is provided in the Teaching Note as Table I, which includes video's, radio interview recordings and a book chapter. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
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Zhang, Mengting, Wei Xu, and Jun Zhang. "Impact of Enterprise Financing Constraints on Labor Income Share Based on Internet of Things Data Analysis Technology." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (June 16, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7543082.
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Although the Chinese economy has developed rapidly since the reform and opening up, the income distribution gap is widening year by year. The final social income distribution pattern is highly dependent on the primary distribution pattern. Therefore, the changing trend and influencing factors of labor income share have become the focus of academic research and the focus of government attention. Based on this, this article proposes enterprise financing based on Internet of Things data analysis technology. Studies on the impact of restraints on labor income shares will help further research on the impact of corporate financial restraints on future labor income shares. Based on the financial data reports published in the CCER database and the company’s IPO prospectus and annual report, this paper discusses whether the company’s key business products belong to the Internet of Things’ key technology application categories. Take 226 IoT companies as the research objects of this article, and conduct a secondary screening. The final survey sample is used to investigate the impact of corporate funding constraints on labor income share. Tests have proved that among the 179 resource-based enterprises undergoing transformation, 109 enterprises have undergone intraindustry transformation, accounting for 48.23% of the overall sample and 60.89% of the sample of transformed enterprises. Downstream expansion makes the business industry expand. This shows that funding constraints have a negative impact on labor income share. This is primarily the result of the impact of the long-term debt-to-asset ratio on labor income share.
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Warden, Toby, Ellen J. Bass, Michael J. Kalsher, Chen Ling, and Marita O’Brien. "The National Academies Board on Human System Integration Panel: Integrating Social and Behavioral Sciences Within the Weather Enterprise." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (September 2018): 1818–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621412.
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The National Academies Board on Human-Systems Integration (BOHSI) has organized this session. An initial presentation by the Staff Director and the Chair of BOHSI will provide an overview of the Academies and BOHSI. Then the panel chair will present the findings of the 2017 National Academies consensus study entitled “Integrating Social and Behavioral Sciences Within the Weather Enterprise”, a collaborative effort overseen by the Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate and the Board on Human-Systems Integration. The presentation will include discussion of the critical need for integrating social and behavioral sciences into the weather enterprise. It will also include a summary of relevant research, private sector activities, current research to operations progress, data collection activities, funding support and barriers to progress. It will summarize research gaps and present a framework to sustainably use social and behavioral science research in the weather enterprise. Panelists will address issues related to future opportunities for human factors researchers and practitioners and will engage the audience in a discussion of these issues.
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Horel, Bridget M., and Kevin McKague. "Community Contribution Companies and Access to Social Finance." Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 5 (September 28, 2018): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v11n5p126.
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There is widespread agreement that innovative funding solutions are necessary to address capital requirements of social enterprises, social purpose businesses and not-for-profits in the social economy. The community contribution company (C3) is a legal organizational form for social enterprise, introduced in British Columbia, Canada, in 2013. In creating this legal form, the British Columbia government intended to provide social entrepreneurs with a recognized legal structure designed, in part, to assist social enterprises in gaining access to investment capital. Drawing on interviews from 14 of the 35 registered C3s and a review of filing data, this study provides information to help understand what attracted organizational founders to the C3 model, what challenges are experienced by C3s engaging with investors and financial institutions, and what opportunities there are for improvement to the C3 legal form. This study found that reasons outside a motivation to access investment capital are key driving factors for incorporating as a C3; there is currently a low level of engagement from impact investors; financial incentives may have a role in increasing investment in C3s; and there is an expressed need and opportunity to enhance education about the model to further support C3s. While the consensus from interview respondents was that benefits of incorporating as a C3 outweighed disadvantages, we found that the model has not helped organizations attract social finance and investment. As this model is in relatively early stages of implementation, the lessons learned in this study can inform investors, social finance intermediaries, entrepreneurs, and policy makers.
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Croll, Elisabeth J. "Social Welfare Reform: Trends and Tensions." China Quarterly 159 (September 1999): 684–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030574100000343x.
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The acceleration of economic reform in the early and late 1990s has highlighted repeatedly the importance of social welfare for maintaining economic growth, social stability and political authority. Indeed each of these decade-long goals of China's government can be seen to rest on either establishing or maintaining an accessible social welfare package. Economic growth requires further enterprise reform which in turn requires alternative forms and funding of worker social welfare. Sporadic reports of urban unrest resulting from lay-offs and loss of welfare benefits and of rural discontent resulting from the continued absence of welfare benefits suggests that social stability and political authority are dependent on the government's ability to reform social welfare provisioning. Simultaneously the process of economic reform itself has altered urban and rural socio-economic and political environments and had far-reaching consequences for welfare demand, service supply and notions of security.
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Visser, Oane, and Lotte Schoenmaker. "Institutional Transformation in the Agricultural Sector of the former Soviet Bloc." Eastern European Countryside 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 21–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10130-011-0002-3.
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Institutional Transformation in the Agricultural Sector of the former Soviet BlocThis article discusses popular explanations for the demise of farm enterprises in Mongolia, such as: reduced state funding, corrupt and self-interested rural elites, and the (supposed) drastic central privatisation policy. It argues that these factors are insufficient to explain the collectives' demise, as they are largely true also for Russia, where no widespread break-up of farm enterprises took place. Farm enterprises in Russia, despite financial difficulties, show remarkable resilience as large-scale units. A tendency which can be observed in general, as well as in most of the regions bordering Mongolia with a similar type of (semi) - pastoralist livestock farming, Therefore, this article takes a look at the level of the Mongolian farm enterprise, and considers the socio-economic specifics of these enterprises to discover the incentives for employees and managers to disband (or leave) these enterprises. In doing so it pays attention to formal structures and informal social structures related to property and production, within a tentative comparison with Russia.
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Michels, Nicolette, Richard Beresford, Kate Beresford, and Karen Handley. "From fluctuation and fragility to innovation and sustainability: The role of a member network in UK enterprise education." Industry and Higher Education 32, no. 6 (October 15, 2018): 438–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950422218805575.
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Enterprise education has been identified as suffering from fluctuating policy, inconsistent funding and faddish practice, thereby limiting the development of a sustainable community of scholar-practitioners. In view of these constraints, this article considers the position of often-isolated enterprise educators and focuses on the role networks play in supporting their sustainable professional development and hence the domain itself. A case-based analysis draws on social-constructivist concepts of networks and communities of practice (CoPs) to analyse a UK network, Enterprise Educators UK (EEUK). It is argued that the member-driven nature of EEUK is unique and important for providing a sustainable forum through which enterprise educators can engage, share practice, find identity, develop ownership of and deliver sustained innovation in enterprise education. Generating a rich picture of the enterprise educator’s ecosystem, the article makes a methodological contribution to network research by undertaking a longitudinal analysis of a decade of ‘Best Practice’ events. It extends the CoP theory of peripheral participation and identity in professional associations and derives practical implications for enterprise educator networks. Recommendations are made for future research and dissemination of enterprise educator practice at, between and beyond events to further the development of the international enterprise education domain.
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Young, Craig. "Financing the Micro-Scale Enterprise: Rural Craft Producers in Scotland, 1840–1914." Business History Review 69, no. 3 (1995): 398–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3117338.
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The micro-scale businesses of independent craft producers have received little attention from historians. This article examines the links between the financing and use of capital by these businesses, and the ambiguous social position of the petit bourgeois business owners. A quantitative examination of the relative importance of the various sources of finance for these firms is assessed in the context of the generally accepted picture of financing for British industry, revealing differences in the pattern of funding for micro-scale enterprises. The ambiguous social relationships between the micro-scale business owners and the larger bourgeoisie, and with the working class, are partly explained by the underlying economic relationships. In particular the supply of trade credit by larger firms, and the use of credit and infrequent wage payments in their relationships with the working class, are identified as important elements.
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Kuzmak, Olena, Oleh Kuzmak, and Borys Pohrishchuk. "Sustainable development: trends and realities of Ukraine." E3S Web of Conferences 255 (2021): 01035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125501035.
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The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of the principles of sustainable development of enterprises in Ukraine, and the impact on the economy of Ukraine as a whole. To this end, was performed an analysis of Ukraine’s position on the indicators of sustainable development in the dynamics. The article defines the essence of the concept of sustainable development and its main components: economic, environmental and social. The basic principles of ensuring sustainable business development are determined. The prerequisites for ensuring and supporting the implementation of the concept of sustainable development of the enterprise in management practice are considered. The proposals on the innovative nature of economic development in the context of sustainable development of domestic enterprises are studied and substantiated. It was found that the current situation in the economy of Ukraine is characterized by not very high activity of innovation, which is caused primarily by the deficiency of own funds of enterprises and limited budget funding. The ways of transition of the national economy, in particular of domestic enterprises to the model of sustainable development are suggested.
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ZHUKEVYCH, Svitlana, and Vіktoriia ROZHELIUK. "FINANCIAL STABILITY OF THE ENTERPRISE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE." WORLD OF FINANCE, no. 4(57) (2018): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2018.04.075.
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Introduction. The modernization of the financial mechanism, the main purpose of which is to increase the efficiency of the use of financial resources at different levels of management and optimize management of budget funds is an important element of implementing the concept of sustainable development in Ukraine. At the same time, today the most urgent issue is the development of such a financial mechanism of the state, business entities that will stimulate the formation favorable conditions for meeting the needs of present and future generations. The purposeof the article is to highlight the issues related to the impact of financial sustainability on the sustainable development of enterprises in the framework of the implementation of the state strategy, which determines its relevance. Methods. The basis is based on scientific methods based on dialectical know ledge and objective laws of the economy. Results. Sustainable development of an enterprise is a gradual change or maintenance of the appropriate level of all indicators of enterprise sustainability, capable of resisting negative environmental factors, using internal potential, while preserving the integrity and basic properties. That is, it can be argued that sustainable development of the enterprise is provided on the basis of taking into account the influence of the external environment and improving the strategic management within the enterprise in order to increase its efficiency and continuous development. For the enterprises sustainable development means adopting business strategies and endorsing activities that meet market needs and stakeholders at the same time protecting, sustaining and strengthening the human and natural resources that will be needed in the future. The development of an effective management structure for the sustainable development of the business entity requires the integration of all functional components - business planning, organization, accounting, analysis, control. The calculation of permissible and economically justified rates of growth of an enterprise is an important stage in the diagnosis of the financial component of a sustainable development of an enterprise. Conclusions. The financial and economic stability is the condition of life and the basis of stability of an enterprise in a market economy. It is determined, that only a systematic approach that considers an enterprise as a social and economic system functioning in the external environment will prevent the negative trends of the present. The growth factors are the indicators in the management of sustainable growth: the coefficient of internal growth, which shows the ability of enterprises to increase the negotiable and non-current assets at the expense of domestic sources of funding and the coefficient of sustainable growth, which characterizes the growthof equity capital of the enterprise.
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McNaughton, R. B., and M. B. Green. "Venture Capital Investment in Minority Business Enterprise: An Evaluation of MESBIC Investment Preferences." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 7, no. 2 (June 1989): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c070193.
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The encouragement of minority entrepreneurship is frequently advocated as a means of promoting social and economic development. The Minority Enterprise Small Business Investment Company (MESBIC) program pursues this goal by increasing the access of minority business enterprise (MBE) to both human and financial capital. This research provides an exploratory empirical description of the regional, industrial sector, and funding-stage preferences of MESBICs. It is concluded that these preferences are largely antithetical to the formation and expansion of MBEs in growth sectors that offer the market potential for entrepreneurial takeoff. The primary problem seems to be the small size of the majority of MESBICs. Policies governing licensing requirements and administration should therefore be reconsidered.
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Banu, Sayera, Farhana Haque, Shahriar Ahmed, Sonia Sultana, Md Mahfuzur Rahman, Razia Khatun, Kishor Kumar Paul, et al. "Social Enterprise Model (SEM) for private sector tuberculosis screening and care in Bangladesh." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): e0241437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241437.
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Background In Bangladesh, about 80% of healthcare is provided by the private sector. Although free diagnosis and care is offered in the public sector, only half of the estimated number of people with tuberculosis are diagnosed, treated, and notified to the national program. Private sector engagement strategies often have been small scale and time limited. We evaluated a Social Enterprise Model combining external funding and income generation at three tuberculosis screening centres across the Dhaka Metropolitan Area for diagnosing and treating tuberculosis. Methods and findings The model established three tuberculosis screening centres across Dhaka Metropolitan Area that carried the icddr,b brand and offered free Xpert MTB/RIF tests to patients visiting the screening centres for subsidized, digital chest radiographs from April 2014 to December 2017. A network of private and public health care providers, and community recommendation was formed for patient referral. No financial incentives were offered to physicians for referrals. Revenues from radiography were used to support screening centres’ operation. Tuberculosis patients could choose to receive treatment from the private or public sector. Between 2014 and 2017, 1,032 private facilities networked with 8,466 private providers were mapped within the Dhaka Metropolitan Area. 64, 031 patients with TB symptoms were referred by the private providers, public sector and community residents to the three screening centres with 80% coming from private providers. 4,270 private providers made at least one referral. Overall, 10,288 pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis cases were detected and 7,695 were bacteriologically positive by Xpert, corresponding to 28% of the total notifications in Dhaka Metropolitan Area. Conclusion The model established a network of private providers who referred individuals with presumptive tuberculosis without financial incentives to icddr,b’s screening centres, facilitating a quarter of total tuberculosis notifications in Dhaka Metropolitan Area. Scaling up this approach may enhance national and international tuberculosis response.
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Kleinhans, Reinout, Nick Bailey, and Jessica Lindbergh. "How community-based social enterprises struggle with representation and accountability." Social Enterprise Journal 16, no. 1 (November 11, 2019): 60–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sej-12-2018-0074.
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Purpose Community-based social enterprises (CBSEs), a spatially defined subset of social enterprise, are independent, not-for-profit organisations managed by community members and committed to delivering long-term benefits to local people. CBSEs respond to austerity and policy reforms by providing services, jobs and other amenities for residents in deprived communities, thus contributing to neighbourhood regeneration. This paper aims to develop a better understanding of how CBSEs perceive accountability, how they apply it in the management and representation of their business and why. Design/methodology/approach Nine case studies of CBSEs across three European countries (England, the Netherlands and Sweden) are analysed, using data from semi-structured interviews with initiators, board members and volunteers in CBSEs. Findings CBSEs shape accountability and representation in response to the needs of local communities and in the wake of day-to-day challenges and opportunities. Apart from financial reporting, CBSEs apply informal strategies of accountability which are highly embedded in their way of working and contingent upon their limited resources. Originality/value Although research has shown the complex governance position of CBSEs, their application of accountability to target communities and other stakeholders is unclear. The paper coins the term “adaptive accountability,” reflecting a relational, dialectic approach in which formal, costly accountability methods are only applied to legally required forms of accounting, and informal practices are accepted by funding agencies and governments as valid forms of accountability, assessing CBSEs’ societal value in more open terms.
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Pathak, Pathik, and Pratik Dattani. "Social return on investment: three technical challenges." Social Enterprise Journal 10, no. 2 (August 4, 2014): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sej-06-2012-0019.
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Purpose – The purpose of this article is to explore three technical challenges and misconceptions involved in measuring social return on investment (SROI). Although there is considerable information available about the conceptual framework of SROI, its application is a relatively young discipline. As a result, there is great variability in how SROI is applied across interventions. This makes robust and consistent comparisons across social ventures difficult, while rendering the validity of SROI measures vulnerable to contestation. This article looks at some of the least discussed yet significant technical challenges and misconceptions in working with SROI, based on the authors ' experience of measuring social investment returns. Design/methodology/approach – The authors ' approach is economic, and they approach the misconceptions and challenges of using SROI from a technical standpoint. Specifically, they identify three technical issues: the use of discount values, the incorporation of overhead costs and determinations of the counterfactual. Findings – The authors offer some solutions to these technical challenges and highlight wider issues around the drive to isolate social impact to attract funding for social enterprise. Research limitations/implications – Limitations of the paper relate to the authors ' own inability, at this stage, to test out their solutions to these technical challenges with case studies. Practical implications – The practical implications of this paper are that the authors offer social enterprises and social impact practitioners an understanding of little-understood technical challenges related to the SROI process. They also highlight how these might be solved through alternative methods. Originality/value – The originality of this paper is that the authors use an economic analysis to highlight little-understood technical challenges with SROI.
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Скиба, Марина Валеріївна. "СТАН ТА ОСНОВНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ФІНАНСУВАННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В УКРАЇНІ ВПРОДОВЖ 2015–2018 РОКІВ." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Series: Economic sciences 137, no. 4 (December 5, 2019): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2413-0117.2019.4.5.
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Modern realia of rapid informatization of society trigger the increase of labor research intensity level when science becomes an immediate productive force. In turn, the innovation processes underpin the changes in social production as well as in public administration. The service sector is developing rapidly. Economic activity of business entities goes beyond the national economy boundaries and becomes more global, as evidenced by the growing role and significance of the information component in both the economic and the social domains. Based on the analysis of the total expenditure in a particular area out of all funding sources (S) and the ratio of total costs for a specific area in the total expenditure (E), with regard to a number of other indicators, the author suggests an overview of the current state, structure and major trends in the field of funding innovative activity in Ukraine. The recent research and publications review offered the opportunity to verify the relevance of the need to explore the contemporary issues relating to the state and the basic tendencies of funding innovations in Ukraine. To accomplish the objectives of the study, the following general and specific economic research methods have been applied, in particular, the methods of aggregation, data grouping and graphical display along with making use of Microsoft Excel spreadsheet to build cross-tabulation and the graph that enables to visualize the trend embedded in numerical information. The study provides data revealing the actual state and the key trends in the area of innovation funding in Ukraine in recent years and argues that despite minimization of the financial factor effect as a disincentive to business innovations within 2008–2016, this factor challenges further in-depth analysis and research. It is demonstrated that the situation as to government financing of innovations in Ukraine is characterized by a drop of innovation expenses by domestic enterprises in 2018 compared to 2015 by 11.8%; the dominance of the enterprise equity capital in total structure of innovation expenditures and the increase of loans in the structure of innovation costs; the increased share of innovation expenditure from state and local budgets; growth in business spending on R&D in the structure of innovation expenditures; the spending pattern of industrial enterprises is biased towards domestic R&D rather than to external R&D investments. The research findings revealed a slight reduction in the volume of total operating expenditure of industrial enterprises for the purchase of machinery, equipment and software within the period 2015–2018. The highest expenditures of industrial enterprises for the purchase of machinery, equipment and software have been observed in the enterprises of Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhia and Kharkiv regions and in the city of Kyiv. The suggested characteristic of one of the main factors of impact on innovative activities (financing) contributes to expanding the understanding of the current state, scale, structure and trends in the area of innovation funding in Ukraine.
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Tsamenyi, Mathew, and Nana Yaa A. Gyamfi. "HealthKeepers Network: financial sustainability in emerging market sociopreneurship." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 10, no. 4 (November 23, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-02-2020-0038.
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Learning outcomes Students should be able to appreciate the exigencies of managing social enterprises in a largely profit-oriented economic domain; understand the interplay of choice and trade-offs in business management and be equipped to make optimal choices; and appraise new, creative and profit-making approaches for sustaining social enterprise. Case overview/synopsis Daniel Mensah and his team were to deliberate on options available for ensuring financial sustainability of HealthKeepers Network (HKN), a not-for-profit organization focused on community health and grassroots capacity development. As the economy of Ghana moved towards middle-income status, funding from global organizations had begun to decline. To ensure HKN’s continuity, Mensah needed to re-engineer HKN’s finances and consider options available for ensuring cash inflows to support the organization’s operations. Each of the available options involved specific setbacks or challenges for HKN to overcome to achieve financial sustainability. Mensah and his team were to engage in a brainstorming session analyse the available options and map the way forward for HKN. Complexity academic level This case is suitable for undergraduate and graduate-level programmes in business management. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
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Levenshus, Abbey B., Laura L. Lemon, Courtney Childers, and Moonhee Cho. "“I thought they’d do more”: conflicting expectations of crowdfunding communication." Journal of Communication Management 23, no. 2 (May 7, 2019): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcom-03-2018-0024.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the comprehensive, ongoing role of communication in an enterprise crowdfunding context, which has been largely overlooked. Design/methodology/approach A large public higher education institution in the Southeastern USA was chosen as the case study unit to illuminate an enterprise-wide crowdfunding program using a proprietary, in-house platform, compared to commercial sites like Kickstarter that do not let organizational leaders strategically plan and manage the platform and its communication functions. Such autonomy provides a richer landscape for studying organizational members’ communication and communication management related to an enterprise crowdfunding program. Findings The case study identified communication-related challenges to the fundraising program’s success such as limited project leader and funding recipients’ commitment to communicate with their social networks about the projects. Internal communication and conflicting expectations, largely ignored in current crowdfunding research, were seen as critical to program effectiveness. Originality/value This study adds scholarly and practical depth to knowledge of enterprise crowdfunding, a relatively new phenomenon in nonprofit and higher education fundraising. While not generalizable to all settings, findings can offer transferable guidance for organizations seeking to engage internal stakeholders related to new and innovative fundraising programs that require their active buy-in and participation.
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Leonova, L. B. "EVALUATION OF THE POSSIBILITY FOR ENTERPRISES TO ENTER INTO THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CLUSTER IN THE SPHERE OF HOUSING AND COMMUNAL SERVICES." Bulletin USPTU Science education economy Series economy 4, no. 34 (2020): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/2541-8904-2020-4-34-15-25.
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The article discusses various methodological approaches to assess the possibility for enterprises to join into the socio-economic cluster in the housing and communal services. A brief description of such approaches as the assessment of the propensity indicator is given; difference in differences and fixed effects; synthetic control; fuzzy sets and regression gap techniques. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the considered methods are revealed. The regression gap technique is discussed more in details in this article. According to the authors of the article, this approach is the most appropriate. To assess the entry into the socio-economic cluster, large management companies (MC) were selected serving more than 300 houses, and large construction companies of the city specializing in the construction of large residential areas in the city of Yekaterinburg. In total, there are 884 MCs in the city, and 1771 MCs in the Sverdlovsk Region. Therefore, for a possible entry into the housing and communal services cluster, 10 large construction companies providing housing services and 10 management companies operating in the field of public utilities were chosen. The gross revenue indicator of the companies was the main criterion. The motivation for the entrance into the cluster of housing and communal services for enterprises was to be a subsidy from the Ministry of Housing in the amount of 500 million rubles for the implementation of the national project "Housing and Urban Environment". Additional financing is possible only in case, if the enterprise joins the socio-economic cluster of the housing and communal services, as well as in the case of the social responsibility of this enterprise, since all housing and communal services enterprises have social responsibility and social orientation. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the proposed approaches are possible for application in areas operating in conditions of perfect market competition or in the social sphere. However, from the point of view of the entry of enterprises into the socio-economic cluster in the housing sector, when a number of enterprises, for example, construction companies, management companies that operate and live according to market laws in a competitive environment, while others are monopolists, for example, resource supplying organizations in the sphere of Housing and communal services, it is not possible to unequivocally assess the positive impact on the activities of enterprises with their participation in the socio-economic cluster. Still, in Russia the housing and communal services stands apart, it is unique, since the laws of the market and perfect competition do not work in it. And who will be a participant or beneficiary of the socio-economic cluster, which means that it will receive budgetary funding, is decided only by regional government bodies represented by the Ministry of Housing and Utilities.
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Chapman, Dave, Helen Lawton Smith, Peter Wood, Timothy Barnes, and Saverio Romeo. "University Enterprise: The Growth and Impact of University-Related Companies in London." Industry and Higher Education 25, no. 6 (December 2011): 483–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ihe.2011.0066.
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Over the last decade policies framing the enterprise agenda for UK higher education institutions (HEIs) have consistently emphasized the potential impact of successful universities on both regional and national economies. Such policies have been backed by significant public funding to ensure that the UK HEI sector is able to compete globally in the creation and exploitation of cutting-edge science. Collectively, these initiatives have led to the development of a ‘third mission’ for universities – increasing the pace and impact of knowledge-exchange activities – while simultaneously maintaining and improving their more traditional research and teaching activities. Previous studies have demonstrated the contribution of universities to the growth of high-technology clusters as well as to knowledge exchange activities more generally. However, the extent to which these activities, particularly the formation of new university-related companies, deliver benefits to particular regions and cities is imperfectly understood. As a consequence, the economic and social impact of companies originating in universities in the UK is generally under-reported by official surveys, which frequently fail to capture details of the trajectories of such companies after formation. These considerations form the context for this paper, which presents the results from a detailed study of the impact of science and technology based academic spin-offs from a cross-section of London's HEIs.