Academic literature on the topic 'Social exchange theory (SET)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Social exchange theory (SET)"
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Porter, Caitlin M. "Long Live Social Exchange Theory." Industrial and Organizational Psychology 11, no. 3 (September 2018): 498–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/iop.2018.102.
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Chernyak-Hai and Rabenu (2018) argue that social exchange theory (SET) should be revised to accommodate work relationships in the “new era” of work, characterized by a more diverse workforce with changing expectations for relationships between themselves and their organizational representatives. To account for the modern workplace, Chernyak-Hai and Rabenu introduce “new” or “modern exchange variables” that capture modern workplace conditions and employee characteristics or preferences, which they expect to indirectly influencewhetherandhowemployees develop high-quality work relationships with organizational representatives.
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Tanskanen, Kari. "Who wins in a complex buyer-supplier relationship? A social exchange theory based dyadic study." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 35, no. 4 (April 2, 2015): 577–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-10-2012-0432.
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Purpose – In complex buyer-supplier relationships (BSRs), contracts are always incomplete and many of the exchanges non-contractual. Because they occur over a long period of time and include unspecified obligations, non-contractual exchanges might be asymmetrical. The purpose of this paper is to examine BSRs with the aim of identifying the mechanisms that lead to asymmetry in exchanges. Design/methodology/approach – The author conducts an analysis, based on social exchange theory (SET), of six buyer-supplier dyads using the main SET constructs. From this multiple-case analysis the author develops a set of propositions explaining the exchange asymmetry in complex buyer-supplier relations. Findings – The results indicate that self-awareness of the determinants of attractiveness, use of power-balancing mechanisms, and primacy can explain the exchange asymmetry in BSRs. Research limitations/implications – The analysis is limited on the explanations for exchange asymmetry that are based on SET. Practical implications – The study highlights the importance of firms using the power-balancing mechanism in order to gain value from supply chain partners. The results show that firms can use attractiveness strategically to influence supply chain partners, but the author also observe that firms generally are not well aware of the determinants of their attractiveness in BSRs, which ignorance may pose a major obstacle to using attractiveness strategically. Originality/value – The paper provides the first systematic and comprehensive insight to social exchange mechanism in complex BSR. In this paper the author makes a major effort to clarify the basic assumptions and scope of the useful concepts and theoretical constructs of SET, and through a multiple-case study the author form a piece of substantive theory of SET in BSRs.
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Zoller, Yaron J., and Jeff Muldoon. "Illuminating the principles of social exchange theory with Hawthorne studies." Journal of Management History 25, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmh-05-2018-0026.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to suggest Homans’ social exchange theory (SET), a management theory, as an explanation for some of the findings of some of the Hawthorne experiments (1924-1933), which demonstrated how social situations play an important role in task performance and productivity and how social exchanges can facilitate it. The authors also use SET to investigate Elton Mayo’s inquiry as to what caused spontaneous cooperation in Hawthorne. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a combination of published work by Homans, Roethlisberger and Dickson, Mayo and others, as well as oral histories conducted by Greenwood and Bolton in 1982-1984, to argue that some of the Hawthorne studies illustrate the principles of SET. Homans’ SET brought together concepts from multiple disciplines and offered a framework to explain social behaviors. Findings The relay assembly room and the bank wiring tests of Hawthorne studies can illustrate SET as developed by Homans. With the development of SET, Homans not only provided explanations for the creation of strong feelings of affiliation and trust through interactions and mutual dependence between group members but also provided evidence to Mayo’s concept of spontaneous collaboration. Research limitations/implications The limitations of the paper are that the studies themselves can lend themselves to multiple perspectives due to design flaws. Therefore, our argument is only one interpretation – even if it is something that the researchers would have supported. Originality/value The paper augments the ongoing discussion about the Hawthorne studies in the literature and in the development of management theories such as SET. The authors provide support that it is through the attempts to explain the Hawthorne studies and the post-Second World War controversies over the studies that Homans developed social exchange. Building on previous work, the methods show perspectives beyond the motivations and sentiments of Homans by demonstrating observable behaviors from the Hawthorne studies.
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Cooper-Thomas, Helena D., and Rachel L. Morrison. "Give and Take: Needed Updates to Social Exchange Theory." Industrial and Organizational Psychology 11, no. 3 (September 2018): 493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/iop.2018.101.
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In their focal article, Chernyak-Hai and Rabenu (2018) argue that social exchange theory (SET) needs an update, and in this they are aligned with Cropanzano, Anthony, Daniels, and Hall's (2017) recent critical review of SET. Drawing on Chernyak-Hai and Rabenu's research, we explore two issues in more depth: first, that work relationships are becoming more complex than can be represented by simple dyadic reciprocity; and second, that the context of work is changing rapidly, with implications for workplace relationships. In exploring the ideas put forward by Chernyak-Hai and Rabenu, we draw on Cropanzano et al.’s two-dimensional model of social exchange, with the first dimension being desirable (positive) resources contrasted with undesirable (negative) ones, and the additional dimension being active (exhibit) behavior versus passive (withdraw) behavior. The first valence-oriented dimension fits clearly with the four foci of Chernyak-Hai and Rabenu's research, which cover both positive constructs, namely leader–member exchange (LMX), perceived organizational support and loyalty, and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB), as well as negative constructs of perceived organizational politics and counterproductive work behaviors (CWB). The second, behavioral dimension proposed by Cropanzano et al. adds useful theoretical specificity that may address Chernyak-Hai and Rabenu's contention that SET needs updating to account for changes in how employees work and how organizations function.
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Liaquat, Malka, and Khawaja Mehmood. "Organization Citizenship Behavior: Notion of Social Exchange Theory." Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v3i2.137.
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Purpose: Employee-organization relationship has been one of the main interesting and debatable constructs in discussion of organizational behavior. This study attempts to propose possible antecedents through which not only this relationship could be enhanced but also provide insights for factors to bring voluntary activities among employees to carry out extra duties for organizational wellbeing. Based on the notion of Social Exchange theory (SET), the paper attempts to highlight the organizational and individuals factors that could act as key mechanisms for leading towards organizational citizenship behavior. Therefore, based on the existing literature, the association among variables has been established along with which a conceptual model is proposed and conclusions stating the possible future directions for testing of the model are presented.
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Chernyak-Hai, Lily, and Edna Rabenu. "The New Era Workplace Relationships: Is Social Exchange Theory Still Relevant?" Industrial and Organizational Psychology 11, no. 3 (June 28, 2018): 456–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/iop.2018.5.
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In this article, we argue that changes in workplace characteristics over the last few decades may affect work relationships and call for adjustments in the traditional theoretical framework used to understand them. Since the last quarter of the 20th century, there have been theories regarding changes in labor relationships following technological, political, globalization, and economical changes. However, we examine the changes in light of psychological theories rather than labor or industrial approaches. We review four main areas where social exchange theory (SET) has been implemented, address recent changes that challenge the traditional SET perspective, and propose alternative models. We refer to these models as “hybrid” as they integrate traditional SET premises with new-era workplace characteristics. First, we describe several changes in workplace characteristics. Next, we review some of the most conventional applications of SET to work relationships. Finally, we critically examine whether this theory meets the requirements of work relationships in the new world of work and conclude by arguing that SET needs to be adjusted to reflect the assumption that frequent changes in employee and organizational characteristics in the new workplaces require similar frequent adjustments in exchange relationships.
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Yang, Tao, and Paresh Mishra. "Positive Interventions: Alternate Routes to Quality Workplace Relationships." Industrial and Organizational Psychology 11, no. 3 (September 2018): 504–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/iop.2018.103.
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Social exchange theory (SET) is an important foundation of social sciences from which many workplace theories have emerged. Chernyak-Hai and Rabenu (2018) contend that social exchange is at the heart of workplace relationships. Although SET is a complex framework, in essence, it views workplace interactions as exchanges of resources broadly construed, ranging from tangible resources such as money, goods, and services to intangible ones such as information, support, and trust (Cropanzano & Mitchell, 2005; Foa & Foa, 1980). Governed by the rule of reciprocity, parties involved in social exchanges use rational deliberation to gauge how much they need to repay for others’ actions. Chernyak-Hai and Rabenu posit that workplace theories rooted in SET should be modified to accommodate the new realities in modern organizations. Although we concur with their observations about new characteristics of work, we are not as optimistic as Chernyak-Hai and Rabenu about SET's capacity to guide our understanding and actions to improve workplace relationships. We argue that positive interventions are important complements to the social exchange process, thereby promoting the quality of work relationships.
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Torro, Osku, Henri Pirkkalainen, and Hongxiu Li. "Media synchronicity in organizational social exchange." Information Technology & People 35, no. 8 (May 9, 2022): 162–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/itp-06-2020-0384.
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PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to examine how media synchronicity facilitates the emergence of social exchange (i.e. trust and reciprocity) in organizations’ information and communication technology (ICT)-mediated interactions. A model of media synchronicity in organizational social exchange (MSiOSE) is proposed.Design/methodology/approachThe paper has a design and review approach. The theoretical analysis is based on social exchange theory (SET) and media synchronicity theory (MST).FindingsThe authors propose that, in general, social exchange benefits from both asynchronous and synchronous communication processes. However, media synchronicity has different boundary conditions (i.e. pros and cons) in relation to the emergence of social exchange, determined in accordance with the mutually interacting patterns of trust and reciprocity predicted by SET. The authors provide testable theoretical propositions to support the analysis.Originality/valueSocial exchange is a critical business factor for organizations due to its well-known positive outcomes, such as the strengthening of social ties. The need for successful social exchange in remote work conditions is particularly emphasized. However, with regard to the communication and behavioral patterns that lead to social exchange via ICT, the theoretical understanding is limited. The study reveals previously unmapped heuristics between social exchange and physical media capabilities. Thus, the study's propositions can be used to study and analyze social exchange in the ever-changing media landscape. As a practical contribution, the study helps organizations to improve their communication strategies and use of ICT.
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Ali, Amanda D., and Laura A. Warner. "Enhancing the Success of Extension Programs with the Social Exchange Theory." EDIS 2017, no. 2 (May 9, 2017): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-wc280-2017.
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Social Exchange Theory (SET) is based on the principle that human behavior is an exchange of rewards between people. This 3-page fact sheet explains how it can be applied to Extension programming to promote clientele participation in programs and a commitment to changing their behaviors. Written by Amanda D. Ali and Laura A. Warner, and published by the Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, April 2017. AEC618/WC280: Enhancing the Success of Extension Programs with the Social Exchange Theory (ufl.edu)
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Romani-Dias, Marcello, and Jorge Carneiro. "Internationalization in higher education: faculty tradeoffs under the social exchange theory." International Journal of Educational Management 34, no. 3 (November 22, 2019): 461–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-04-2019-0142.
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Purpose Although faculty members are regarded as one of the main agents of internationalization in higher education (IHE), research has focused on the upper levels of analysis (e.g. country or educational institution) rather than the individual. The purpose of this paper is to draw from social exchange theory (SET) to examine how the perceptions of costs and expected rewards affect faculty members’ choices of international activities. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative study adopted as main methods a review of the literature on IHE and in-depth interviews based on a semi-structured script with an international sample. A sample of 16 researches was selected for interview using the snowball technique of sample selection. Findings The authors verified that faculty may seek internationalization in search of job opportunities, greater social approval, greater autonomy and greater security. On the other hand, temporal, monetary, psychological and physical costs discourage faculty members from seeking international insertion. Based on these tradeoffs, our findings suggest that although the basic tenets of SET do apply, the theory does not explicitly address two issues: the fact that costs and rewards are intricately related, and the apparent mismatch between (short-term) costs and (long-term) expected rewards. Originality/value This study contributes to the IHE literature by highlighting the crucial role of faculty – that is, the level of analysis of the individual – which has been under-researched and by setting out the reasoning that supports the decision of faculty members to seek (higher) international insertion. Furthermore, this study extends SET as a plausible explanation for the self-internationalization decision by scholars.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Social exchange theory (SET)"
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Azevedo, Jéssica de Sousa. "Os contributos da Set e da comunicação para a satisfação dos trabalhadores : um estudo em empresas portuguesas do setor dos serviços." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19153.
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Mestrado em Ciências EmpresariaisAs Pessoas são o elemento chave no sucesso das organizações, e a Satisfação é um dos seus maiores desafios. Trabalhadores satisfeitos são sinónimo de maior compromisso e desempenho organizacional. Em contrapartida, a sua insatisfação reflete-se em alta rotatividade e baixo desempenho. As relações entre os trabalhadores e a organização funcionam numa lógica de interdependência e reciprocidade. Assim, a Social Exchange Theory permite compreender como várias condições contribuem para a Satisfação. Estas podem ser estabelecidas ao nível organizacional, com os líderes e com os pares. As organizações não existem sem comunicação, sendo que o presente estudo analisa os contributos da comunicação na Satisfação dos trabalhadores. A riqueza deste processo está na análise da comunicação aos diversos níveis, isto é, ao nível da organização, do líder e dos pares. Outras condições relacionadas com a Satisfação, como o Equilíbrio Trabalho-Família, a Cultura Organizacional, a Liderança Transacional, a Liderança Transformacional e o Apoio dos Pares, são alvo de análise. O presente estudo analisou uma amostra de 163 respostas, obtidas via questionário, distribuído aos trabalhadores das empresas portuguesas do setor dos serviços. Este contribui ativamente para o crescimento nacional e para a composição do mercado de trabalho. Uma abordagem qualitativa foi utilizada para testar e identificar as combinações causais que levam à presença e à ausência de Satisfação (fsQCA). Os resultados evidenciaram a presença de caminhos para a Satisfação na presença de comunicação aos três níveis. Complementarmente foram encontrados caminhos para a ausência de Satisfação na presença de comunicação de pelo menos um dos níveis.
As People are the key element in the success of organizations, Satisfaction represents one of their biggest challenges. Satisfied workers are synonymous of greater commitment and organizational performance. While, unsatisfied workers reflect in high turnover and poor performance. The logic of interdependence and reciprocity are the base of the relationship between workers and their organizations. Thereby, the Social Exchange Theory allows to understand how a set of conditions leads to satisfaction. These can be defined at three level, the organizational, with leaders and with peers. As organizations do not exist without communication, the present study analyzes the contributions of Communication on Job Satisfaction. The richness of this process lies on the various level analysis of Communication, in so, at the Organizational, Leader and Peer level. Additionally, other conditions are considered on this analysis: Work-Life Balance, Organizational Culture, Transactional Leadership, Transformational Leadership and Peer Support. The present study analyzes a sample of 163 observations, obtained through a questionnaire, sent to Portuguese companies from the service industry. This industry contributes actively to the national growth and to the composition od the labor market. To identify the casual presence and absence of satisfaction, a qualitative approach (fsQCA) was used. The results show the existence of several paths leading to Satisfaction with the presence of the three levels of Communication. Also, there are paths leading the absence of Satisfaction, they include the presence of at least of one of the levels of Communication.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Zhang, Junshu. "Why Consumers Disclose Their Tourism Experiences on Tourism Social Networking Sites: Multiple Theoretical Perspectives." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6607.
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Tourism social networking sites (SNSs) are websites that provide users with templates for describing their travel experiences and an infrastructure to share such travel posts with a network of like-minded individuals. Tourism SNSs represent an important advertising channel for the tourism industry, as they may assist travelers in selecting destinations and planning vacations on the basis of other travelers’ experiences, which may further stimulate travel and generate income for the tourism industry (Yazdanifard & Yee, 2014). User-generated content (UGC) in the form of travel posts is the core offering and key success factor of tourism SNSs. Travel posts constitute a valuable resource that attracts users to these websites, and they serve as a key data feed into the data mining process that is used to develop travel products on tourism SNSs. However, one problem with tourism SNSs is that their users, especially the new ones, do not publish their travel experiences on these SNSs as often as they do on traditional SNSs, such as Facebook. This may result in a lack of content and, therefore, a loss of potential consumers and, consequently, revenue. Therefore, a study on self-disclosure behavior in writing travel posts may contribute to understanding the reasons why this problem exists and help tourism SNSs improve their service accordingly. The author used multiple theoretical perspectives (social exchange theory and social cognition theory) to develop a comprehensive self-disclosure framework. The framework was tested by using a partial least squares based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach with data from 443 participants recruited from the two most popular Chinese tourism SNSs: Qyer.com and mafengwo.cn. The findings show that self-disclosure behavior on tourism SNSs was significantly affected by self-benefit, positive feedback from other users, social benefits, rewards, tourism SNSs’ security mechanism, and ease of use. However, habit and motive did not have a statistically significant effect on self-disclosure behavior. Moreover, self-disclosure behavior positively affected electronic word of mouth (EWOM) relating to the tourism SNSs. Finally, the findings have theoretical and practical implications, and the thesis ends with a discussion of the limitations of this study and suggestions for future research.
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Rootenberg, Cindy. "A model of perceived impacts of tourism on residents' quality of life in selected towns / C. Rootenberg." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9825.
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Worldwide tourism has become one of the largest and fastest growing industries. Specifically in the South African context, this growth has been confirmed in recent statistics. However, the growth in the tourism industry does not occur without challenges. It brings both benefits and costs to the residents of a host community, consequently generating both positive and negative tourism impacts. Further, it is recognised that once a community becomes a tourism destination, the lives of the residents are influenced by that particular development; thus effecting their Quality of Life (QoL). Only minimal research has, however, been conducted to determine the influence of the perceived impacts of tourism on residents’ QoL, especially in the South African context.
A number of theoretical frameworks have been developed in tourism to signify how the perception of or reactions towards tourism of residents in a host community are influenced at any particular stage of development. Pertaining to QoL, various theoretical models have also been created to describe the functioning of the construct. Although theoretical frameworks have been developed that are distinct to tourism and QoL; to date an integrated approach does not exist that explores the influence of tourism on residents’ QoL.
In addition to the lack of an integrated approach in literature, the permanency of tourism products too have not yet been examined in literature. Further, permanency has not been examined in order to determine the influence of tourism impacts on residents’ QoL in selected towns, one being a permanent tourism product (PTP) and the other a nonpermanent tourism product (N-PTP). From the above, it can be seen that three theoretical and practical issues exist: (1) only a modest amount of research has been done to determine the influence of tourism impacts on residents’ QoL; (2) an integrated approach does not exist signifying the relationship between tourism impacts and QoL and; (3) permanency as a differentiation factor has not been investigated in host communities. By addressing these issues, a significant contribution will be made to literature, together with the ensuing practical contributions. Therefore, the main goal of the study was to develop a model to indicate the influence of perceived impacts of tourism on residents’ QoL in selected towns; these having specific differentiation made between a PTP and N-PTP.
In order to achieve the goal of the study, five objectives were formulated:
The first objective was to analyse theoretical frameworks of tourism and QoL and to identify a particular theoretical framework for the study. Specifically, the Social Exchange Theory (SET) was selected from the theoretical frameworks of tourism, while the Bottom-up Spillover theory was designated as it is peculiar to QoL frameworks. Therefore, the derived theoretical framework indicated that an ‘exchange’ process occurs between tourism development and the residents of the host community. More specifically, social exchange arises between the perceived impacts of tourism and life domains in order to establish the QoL of residents in host communities.
The second objective was to analyse tourism both as an industry and product in a host community through a review of existing literature. From the literature review, it can be seen that tourism is a growing industry and product, not only internationally but also in the South African context. Permanency as a characteristic was explored comprehensively to define a tourism product while maintaining the differentiation between a PTP and N-PTP. Residents of a host community are noted as important roleplayers in the tourism industry as tourism impacts affect them in PTP and in N-PTP. This importance is emphasised as residents of a host community: (1) influence the tourism experience; (2) determine the attractiveness of a destination and; (3) control the sustainability of tourism in a host community.
The third objective was to analyse QoL and its relation to the residents of a host community, once more, through a literature review. From the review, it was observed that QoL has different definitions and views, some more intricate than others. For the purpose of the study, it was determined that QoL can be described appropriately through the Bottom-up Spillover theory. Therefore, QoL is determined through the collaboration of various life domains that, further, may be either objective or subjective in nature. When examining the relationship between tourism development and QoL, it was established that tourism, through tourism products, produces effects that will influence various life domains, consequently determining the QoL of residents in a host community. As with tourism impacts, the QoL of the host community’s residents will subsequently: (1) influence the tourism experience; (2) determine the attractiveness of a destination and; (3) ensure the sustainability of tourism in a community.
The fourth objective was to analyse the influence of the economic, environmental, social and cultural impacts of tourism on residents’ QoL and to differentiate between a PTP and N-PTP by using an empirical study. Having in mind that the main goal of the study was to develop a model, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modelling were conducted on the data. The models, constructed separately for tourism impacts and QoL, were subsequently integrated to determine the influence of the perceived impacts of tourism on residents’ QoL. The model with good model fit statistics and supportive of underlying theory was thereafter accepted for further analysis in order to attain comprehensively the main goal of the study. Thereafter, model development tested permanency of tourism products by specifically determining the influence of perceived impacts of tourism on residents’ QoL in selected towns (PTP and N-PTP). From the latter exercise, no practically significant differences were found between a PTP and N-PTP. Therefore, the model constructed as Stage 3 was accepted as the final model of the study and was given the title of Root’s model of Community TourQoL (CTQ). Specifically, the model signified that positive economic, environmental, social and cultural impacts influence residents’ QoL, while negative environmental and social impacts do not influence residents’ QoL in host community. Furthermore, the model showed that no differences were found between a PTP and N-PTP regarding the influence of perceived impacts of tourism on residents’ QoL.
The fifth and final objective was to draw conclusions, indicate contributions, formulate recommendations and present limitations peculiar to the study. The greatest significance of the study is seen in the practical contributions of the study, specifically, the development of Root’s model of Community TourQoL (CTQ). Community and tourism planners and/management can implement the model in both PTP and N-PTP to enhance the positive impacts of tourism; while minimising negative impacts, in order to improve residents’ QoL.Thesis (PhD (Tourism Management))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Artemenko, A. "The main set of foreign exchange regulation theory." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2019. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/77008.
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The paper is devoted to the study of the evolution of foreign exchange regulation
formation according to political and economic changes in the world. The common and
different features of "foreign exchange regulation" and "foreign exchange control"
have been indicated. The main stages of foreign exchange regulation process have been
identified and characterized.
The question of regulating the foreign exchange market as a necessary platform
for producing cross-border movement of currency values is topical in today's global
world.
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Micevski, Milena. "Marketing and sales interface flexibility : a social exchange theory perspective." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/18023.
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To be successful in today s turbulent business environment it is very important for a company to exhibit flexibility in its processes, activities and interfaces. Such a flexible approach enables firms to adapt and improvise in order to achieve the best possible outcomes. In spite of there being ample research on how to achieve flexibility in a variety of business process and activities, there remains little understanding on how flexibility in managing the use of resources reveals itself in intra-organisational interfaces. This thesis sheds more light on this issue and investigates flexibility specifically in the relational context of cross-functional interfaces. The importance of developing and investigating flexibility at the cross-functional relational interface is embedded in the recognition that the ability and willingness of departments to adapt and to accommodate deviations from original strategies through their cross-functional working is a critical factor for success. This research investigates flexibility at one such interface that is argued to be essential in achieving organisational success but that is characterised by conflict, lack of cooperation and distrust the Marketing and Sales interface. A literature review incorporating two broad literature streams; i.e., the Marketing and Sales cross-functional relationship literature and the literature on organisational flexibility helped develop a guiding definition of Marketing and Sales Interface Flexibility (MSIF). This definition was subsequently confirmed in the exploratory phase of the thesis, thereby providing a stronger conceptualisation of the MSIF phenomenon. The concept was found to be predicated on social exchange theory s view on the M&S exchange relationship as a dynamic process in which both continuously adapt to each other s needs through modification of their resources required to match those needs. Consequently, a theoretical model was developed. This model argues for an inverted U-shaped relationship between MSIF and business performance. According to this model, beyond certain optimal point MSIF may reduce business performance. Based on the empirical testing of the model via a survey of 229 UK-based business organisations no support was found for the inverted U-shaped relationship between MSIF and customer performance. Results of the empirical testing indicated that MSIF has an inverted U-shaped relationship with a firm s market performance. These results imply that a firm s market success is secured at lower levels of MSIF whereas further increases in investments in MSIF may, at some point, become detrimental to an organisation s market performance (i.e., market share and sales volume). Therefore, the findings suggest that managers should manage MSIF wisely, hold themselves from over-investing in MSIF and seek to find the optimal level which will provide the best market performance. On the other hand, MSIF was found to have a linear, positive relationship to customer performance indicating that higher levels of MSIF will secure more a satisfied and loyal customer base. The study also incorporates the contingency theory perspective and hypothesises the moderating effect of market dynamism on the MSIF - performance relationship. The results indicate that the value of MSIF for generating market performance decreases as technological turbulence in the market increases. Based on the social exchange theory the relationship between four socially constructed antecedents and MSIF are proposed. The findings highlight the positive impact of, (1) trust in the Marketing and Sales relationship, and (2) rules and norms of social exchange between Marketing and Sales as reflected in compatible goals and joint rewards on MSIF. However, resource dependence asymmetry is found to be negatively related to MSIF suggesting that a misbalanced resource dependency between the two will hamper MSIF. The theoretical and practical implications of the study findings are subsequently presented along with an acknowledgment of the study s limitations and proposed future research to further explore this important area.
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Abra, Gordon. "Structural Change in Exchange Relations." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1411%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Hagstrand, Simon. "Social Knowledge Exchange : How Individuals exchange and interpret information to recieve correct understanding." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsa och lärande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-13016.
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Grenda, Donn Robert. "A General Theory of Economic Flow, Social Exchange, and Hegemonic Relationship." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625722.
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Ahrens, Fred. "Knowledge Exchange Behavior in Supply Channel Relationships:A Social Exchange and Game-theoretic Approach." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439295990.
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Young, Margaret H. "Mate Selection in Contemporary America: An Exchange Theory Perspective." DigitalCommons@USU, 1989. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2360.
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The use of exchange theory as it applies to human relations has escalated dramatically in the past 20 years. The present study applies exchange theory as the basis of mate selection in contemporary society. Whereas an actual barter system was used in the past and families played a major role in choosing prospective mates, participants in the mate selection process are not virtually on their own and must rely upon their own bargaining skills to present their assets on the marriage market. A number of characteristics are thought to enhance or detract from a person's "worth" on the marriage market. Over 900 college students from nine universities across the united states were surveyed in order to ascertain what they considered valuable in a potential mate, and important variables in the mate selection process were determined. Comparisons were made among gender, race, marital status, family size and configuration, socioeconomic status, religious orientation, and geographical region of the United States. The results indicate that important differences exist among the various groups concerning what characteristics enhance or detract from an individual's worth on the marriage market in contemporary America. Finally, it was determined that marital worth of individuals can theoretically be measured.
Books on the topic "Social exchange theory (SET)"
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S, Cook Karen, and Emerson, Richard Marc, d. 1982., eds. Social exchange theory. Beverly Hills, Calif: SAGE Publications, 1987.
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Thomas, R. Murray. Explaining conversations: A developmental social exchange theory. Lanham: Jason Aronson, 2012.
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Social capital in organizations: An exchange theory approach. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Pub., 2012.
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1916-, Foa Uriel G., ed. Resource theory: Explorations and applications. San Diego: Academic Press, 1993.
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Kappelhoff, Peter. Soziale Tauschsysteme: Strukturelle und dynamische Erweiterungen des Marktmodells. München: R. Oldenbourg, 1993.
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Nick, Kardulias P., and American Anthropological Association Meeting, eds. World-systems theory in practice: Leadership, production, and exchange. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1999.
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Jay, Verkuilen, ed. Fuzzy set theory: Applications in the social sciences. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 2006.
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Michael, Smithson. Fuzzy set theory: Applications in the social sciences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Social exchange theory (SET)"
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Cook, Karen S. "Social Exchange Theory." In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 5039–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_1184.
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Hsieh, Alexander Lin, Clayton C. Hughes, and William E. Schult. "Social Exchange Theory." In Encyclopedia of Couple and Family Therapy, 2698–704. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49425-8_56.
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Bosak, Janine. "Social Exchange Theory." In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_1999-1.
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Cook, Karen S., Coye Cheshire, Eric R. W. Rice, and Sandra Nakagawa. "Social Exchange Theory." In Handbook of Social Psychology, 61–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6772-0_3.
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Coyle-Shapiro, Jacqueline A.-M., and Marjo-Riitta Diehl. "Social Exchange Theory." In The Routledge Companion to Trust, 197–217. New York : Routledge, 2017. |: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315745572-14.
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Hsieh, Alexander L., Clayton C. Hughes, and William E. Schult. "Social Exchange Theory." In Encyclopedia of Couple and Family Therapy, 1–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15877-8_56-1.
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Cook, Karen S. "Social Exchange Theory." In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1184-1.
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Bosak, Janine. "Social Exchange Theory." In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 7689–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19650-3_1999.
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Revilla, Raquel García, and Olga Martinez Moure. "Social exchange theory." In Encyclopedia of Tourism, 868–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01384-8_388.
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Stafford, Laura. "Social Exchange Theory." In Engaging Theories in Family Communication, 279–89. Second edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315204321-25.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Social exchange theory (SET)"
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Santa, Mijalche, Anita Ciunova-Shuleska, and Nikolina Palamidovska-Sterjadovska. "Social Exchange in Community-Based Peer-2-Peer Ridesharing: A Qualitative Approach." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2023.0006.
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The sharing economy is a business model that has revolutionized the way individuals travel, work, and engage with each other (Akhmedova et al., 2021). The rise of digital technologies has led to changes in how sharing is performed, making it simpler and more efficient (Teodorović and Orco, 2008). The present study focuses on ridesharing facilitated by Facebook rather than specialized commercial peer-to-peer (P2P) platforms. This form of ridesharing is a type of community-based sharing economy with a high level of contribution to a more sustainable economy but still has not received the deserved scientific attention (de Rivera et al., 2017; Wai Lai and Ying Ho, 2022). Facebook groups have emerged as viable platforms for peer-to-peer ridesharing (Santa and Ciunova-Shuleska, 2019), where drivers and passengers are using informal Facebook groups to pre-arrange and self-organize the riding while sharing the costs with no intention for financial gain (Eskelinen and Venäläinen, 2021). However, it is not only the economic exchange transaction that matters in this form of sharing but also the social benefit, which has its role in the subjective cost-benefit analysis and comparison of alternatives that individuals do when making decisions (Kim et al., 2015). The Social Exchange Theory can be used to comprehend how the interactions between people lead to the development of relationships, which people may choose to maintain or end depending on the advantages (costs and rewards) associated with the relationship (Boateng et al., 2019). This theory resonates with the specifics of the sharing economy concept which is also embedded in interpersonal exchanges (Kim et al., 2015; Yan et al., 2016). Through the Social Exchange Theory (SET) lens, the present study focuses on identifying the main benefits of using Facebook ridesharing and the main costs (risk/uncertainties) of its use. Based on this theory, we expect that users’ actual ride-sharing participation is driven by economic and social benefits (Hamari et al., 2016; Boateng et al., 2019). On the other hand, the cost of participating in ridesharing is the perceived risk and uncertainties in the arrangement and performing processes (Kim et al., 2015). By researching users’ behavior and underlying motivations, a deeper understanding of the sharing economy concept will be provided, and the strategies to encourage users’ interest. Furthermore, this study seeks to fill the research gap on the drivers of users' sharing behavior that has arisen in addition to the rising research focus on the sharing economy (Davlembayeva et al., 2020). Although previous research studies have focused on ridesharing via dedicated ridesharing platforms (Kooti et al., 2017; Wallsten, 2015), our study focuses on ridesharing via social media i.e., Facebook. Moreover, although previous research studies focused on analyzing users’ motivations to use ridesharing platforms (Amirkiaee and Evangelopoulos, 2018; Furuhata et al., 2017; Zhu, So, and Hudson, 2017) along with perceived risks (Wang, Wang, and Wang, 2019; Chean et al., 2022), it is still unclear what benefits, value and risks users perceive in sharing time and space with strangers using social media self-organizing ridesharing groups such as Facebook. This is even more important given that Facebook ridesharing groups do not have an online rating system that allows customers to rate drivers after the ride and to rely on drivers’ ratings before making the decision to share a ride (Aw, Basha, Ng, and Sambasivan, 2019; Anderson, 2016). So, this study will be the first study to analyze the motivations and risks of using ridesharing via social media self-organized ridesharing groups providing valuable insights into the perceptions and behavior of the participants in ridesharing groups on Facebook. The present research is based on a qualitative study applying focus groups as a data collection method. Focus groups are deemed suitable for this research as they provide exploration and generation of in-depth insights, opinions, and experiences of participants on the researched topic (Nyumba et al., 2018). The interactive nature of focus groups also facilitates group dynamics and the sharing of diverse perspectives. A convenience sample of 21 users of Facebook ridesharing groups was used, divided into three focus group sessions. The focus group sessions were conducted online and each lasted approximately 100 minutes, ranging from 88 to 112 minutes. The identified Facebook groups are dedicated to inter-city ridesharing in North Macedonia where more than ten public Facebook groups successfully assist in the organization of ridesharing in North Macedonia (Santa and Ciunova-Shuleska, 2019). The discussions were led by experienced moderators following a semi-structured list of questions/discussion topics, guiding the conversation and eliciting participants' thoughts, opinions, and experiences related to the research topic. The video recordings from each session were transcribed verbatim to maintain accuracy. Transcripts, along with any field notes taken during the sessions, were then subjected to a systematic coding process. The obtained qualitative data will be analyzed by applying a reflexive thematic analysis approach to provide deeper insights into the researched topics through interpretation (Braun and Clarke, 2021). The six-step process for reflexive thematic analyses is applied: 1) familiarity with the data, 2) generating initial codes, 3) constructing themes, 4) revising themes, 5) defining themes, and 6) reporting (Braun and Clarke, 2019). Based on the initial exploration of the data, we strive to identify the crucial functional and economic benefits of using community-based P2P ridesharing (e.g., convenience, lower price, etc.) as well as some social benefits (e.g., enjoyment, social belonging, social interactions). On the other side of the cost-benefit matrix, we expect users to report some concerns and potential costs, such as uncertainty regarding the arranged price, safety, reliability, emotional labor, etc. By identifying the economic and social aspects of the ridesharing exchange, this study will provide insights into the underlying reasons for users’ contribution to this form of sharing economy, thus obtaining a deeper understanding of the usage patterns.
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Brandão, Michele A., and Mirella M. Moro. "Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - Belo Horizonte - MG." In VI Brazilian Workshop on Social Network Analysis and Mining. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/brasnam.2017.3258.
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The study of social ties has lead to building rigorous models that reveal the evolution of social networks and their dynamism. In this context, a central aspect is the strength of ties, which allows the study of the roles of relationships. Here, besides analyzing the strength of co-authorship ties, we also present a set of metrics and algorithms to measure such strength. Initial studies of social networks have emphasized the importance of properly measuring the strength of social ties to understand social behaviors [Granovetter 1973, Newman 2001]. Also, the study of social ties is fundamental for building rigorous models that reveal the evolution of social networks (SN) and the dynamics of social exchange [Aiello et al. 2014]. More recently, analyzing tie strength has allowed to investigate the roles of relationships including ranking for influence detection [Freire and Figueiredo 2011], as well as its influence in communication patterns [Wiese et al. 2015] and team formation [Castilho et al. 2017].
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Markopoulos, Evangelos, Ines Selma Kirane, and Hannu Vanharanta. "Metaverstic Innovation Management: The World Innovation Stock Exchange Democratic Incubator." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001523.
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Since the first ideation of the World Innovation Stock Exchange in 2015, the business landscape has drastically changed. The world witnessed the introduction the Metaverse as the pioneer of cyber-parallel worlds. Societies endured a global pandemic and the subsequent socio-economic crises of unprecedented force. All happened under an ambient banalization of individual entrepreneurship as a shaping capacity with increasing impact power on the Collective (physical, cultural, and digital society). Under the phenomena of globalization and financialization, the contribution to knowledge and innovation is becoming more and more organic, since citizens themselves endorse an entrepreneurial proactiveness in tackling challenges of varied scale. The contemporary global technologic and social disruptions are changing the game of innovation management. Emerging and existing technologies of the Industrialisation 4.0 not only provide a platform to the digital world, but also augment it, thereby augmenting the impact a sole individual, a simple organization, or a remote business can have in innovating globally. Moreover, global crises have accelerated both the already occurring evolution of work-places & work-practices, and the capacity stakeholders have in endorsing collectively and holacratically projects to solve commonly faced challenges. More than ever before, the digital world enables to collaboratively develop, control and monetise one another’s Innovation. The diversity in stakeholder’s collaboration is a consequence of these structural changes. Indeed, it is no longer surprising that eminent businessmen now collaborate individually with start-up incubators, celebrities partner with social enterprises, and eminent scholars pair up with MNCs to come up with developmental programs. Above the previously mentioned technological, social, and economic disruptions, a superseding revolution has occurred. One that is structurally reshaping individual and social relationships to knowledge and knowledge management: the democratisation of intellectual capital. Nowadays, anyone connected to the web can collaborate and expose its ideas formally or informally on a variety of social media and professional platforms. The number of innovators with unique profiles, in age, geographic location, and social status has sprung. The power of metaverstic-like processes in knowledge management relies on its democratic nature, inclusively welcoming a diversity of profiles and ideas. How to take sporadic ideas and contributions internationally, expressed on a web platform, and instantaneously match them, ideally structure them, and coordinate their protagonists’ actions to pursue them? How to facilitate and incentivise the evolution idea-innovation? How to optimally take ideas on a page to a lifechanging service? Since innovation management is becoming gamified, the is an evident need to develop Metaverstic project management tools that encompasses not only AI-facilitated holacratic teaming, but also blockchained project management in all its phases (from ideation to market launch), while taking into account the critical component of innovation monetisation. In 2015, the World Innovation Stock Exchange already set the bases of such Metaverstic platform of innovation management: this Exchange structures the meeting of the minds, just as any financial stock exchange does, while following the Shared Values principles. To extend on the premises of this novel Exchange, this paper describes in detail how a component of the W.ISE will have to be developed, namely the World Innovation Stock Exchange Democratic Incubator (WISE-DI). It describes how it operates conceptually and to which extent it answers structural guidelines to practically develop this W.ISE. It addresses the critical notion of Innovation tokenization with the MarkPoints cryptocurrency, the securitization of project management via the W.ISE blockchain, and the monetization of the launched-to-market innovations in the real economy*. The ultimate benefit of the W.ISE-DI platform relies on both its smart structuring capacity and user-friendly/ interactive interface, which enable to manage intellectual contribution ownership and incentivise R&D collective financing.
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Lemus, Jeremy, and Subhradeep Roy. "The Effect of Simultaneous Auditory and Visual Sensing Cues in a Two-Dimensional Vicsek Model." In ASME 2020 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2020-3277.
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Abstract Collective behavior refers to the group-level organization arising from interaction among individuals. To exchange information the individuals rely on their sensing modalities. Experimental studies provide evidence that the integration of information from multiple sensory modalities can influence animal navigation and social communication. In this paper, we present a modified Vicsek model with a composite sensing scheme that combines both auditory and visual sensing cues through the set of sensory neighbors. We investigate the combined effect of auditory and visual sensing on the group behavior compared to pure vision and audition using numerical simulation. We observe that taking the advantage of composite modality, the particles get access to more information that enables them to form a single large, cohesive, and perfectly aligned group using a narrow sensing region, which is possible in either vision or audition only using a wider sensing region.
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Wikaningrum, A. T., and B. F. Mas’ud. "Value-Based Social Capital: An Overview of Social Exchange Theory." In Proceedings of the 17 th International Symposium on Management (INSYMA 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200127.014.
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Liu, Xiaoping, and Jingsong Deng. "Development of Organizational Commitment Based on the Social Exchange Theory." In 2011 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2011.5997998.
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Aini, Nurul, Suarga, Apriadi Pratama, Almira Nisrina, Erfan Hasmin, and Andi Irmayana. "Rough Set Theory Approach in Determining Social Assistance Decision." In 2021 3rd International Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent System (ICORIS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icoris52787.2021.9649599.
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DeGagne, David C. "Risk Communication, A Component of an Integrated Risk Management Process for Pipeline Operators." In 1996 1st International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1996-1817.
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It is essential in today’s socio-economic environment that pipeline operators adopt and utilize a comprehensive approach to managing technical, environmental, economic and public safety risks associated with their business. Clearly, this type of approach to risk management would be integrated and include a variety of considerations. For example, one is the technical assessment of the level of safety or risk inherent within the system itself. Another, is the external view held of that system. While the physical system and its associated risk can be identified, evaluated and to some extent controlled, the external view of the risk, however, is an entirely different matter. Making important decisions about risk requires that both the external and internal views be in agreement. When this is not the case, an integrated management plan needs to include a risk communication component. Simply, risk communication is the purposeful exchange of information about the existence, nature, form, severity or acceptability of risks.1 An effective risk communication strategy will be able to gauge the political and social reaction to a project. If pipeline operators try to establish what a project’s acceptable level of risk is without a purposeful exchange of information with the community the effort will likely fail. The need to look at the “big picture” is paramount. All factors which affect the outcome of the project need to be understood and, in some way, contribute meaningfully to the final product. The most overlooked aspect in risk management is the qualitative assessment of “how does the public perceive the risk?”. Risk analysts use many basic technical assumptions in their risk assessments. They allow their training and faith in the science to be sufficient indicators of the real risk. The public, on the other hand, view risk from a completely different perspective and set of values. Consequently, when attempts are made to quantitatively determine “what is an acceptable level of risk” the outcome must be viewed as incomplete, lacking the critical external input. Experience suggests that the only ones who can truly determine what is an acceptable level of risk are those who must ultimately accept that risk. This is where the power of effective risk communication can play a significant role in the risk management process. While risk analysis can help in understanding the potential of a risk, effective risk communication and public outreach are necessary in understanding the perceptions and concerns of the community. It seems ironic that corporations dedicate tremendous resources deriving a mathematical estimate of risk that most in the community cannot comprehend much less believe what the numbers are supposed to tell them. This paper will help to explain the fundamentals of risk communication, its ethical use and methods for developing a strategy for outreach programs as part of an integrated risk management plan.
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Sheng Wu, C. S. Lin, and Tung-Ching Lin. "Exploring Knowledge Sharing in Virtual Teams: A Social Exchange Theory Perspective." In Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2006.177.
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Shan, Mao, Yang Wen-bo, and Mao Shan. "College Students' Interpersonal Communication from the Perspective of Social Exchange Theory." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Contemporary Education and Economic Development (CEED 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ceed-18.2018.101.
Full textReports on the topic "Social exchange theory (SET)"
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Nolan, Parker Stephen. Network Theory: How Can Its Application Cultivate the Conditions to Support Young Creatives? Creative Generation, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51163/creative-gen004.
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As observers to the intersectional fields of culture, education, and social change, Creative Generation witnessed the chosen organizational structure of “networks” come into vogue – particularly as smaller, community-based organizations have begun to participate in larger-scale, collaborative initiatives. In almost all examples, the individuals and organizations involved do their collaborative work through a “network,” using any number of connections and patterns. This qualitative inquiry sought to understand how applying Network Theory to organizational structures can cultivate the conditions to support young creatives. Through literature and conducting interviews with leaders of diverse networks in the arts and cultural education fields, this project provides an overview of Network Theory and examines examples of various models. This report proposes the following set of provocations for the field to interrogate the use of Network Theory in their projects’ implementation: strong connections between the network and its participants, shared power among network leadership and participants, clear expectations about funding, and specific role for young creatives in decision-making.
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Shapovalova, Daria, Tavis Potts, John Bone, and Keith Bender. Measuring Just Transition : Indicators and scenarios for a Just Transition in Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire. University of Aberdeen, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57064/2164/22364.
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The North East of Scotland is at the forefront of the global energy transition. With the transformation of the UK’s energy sector over coming decades, the lives of communities and workers in the North East will be directly affected as we collectively transition to a Net Zero economy. A Just Transition refers to a fair distribution of the burdens and benefits as society and the economy shifts to a sustainable low-carbon economy. It calls for action on providing decent green jobs, building community wealth, and embedding participation. While it is a well-established concept in the academic literature and in policy there is a notable lack of approaches and data on measuring progress towards a Just Transition. In Scotland, with Just Transition planning underway, there are calls for clarity by the Scottish Parliament, Just Transition Commission, and many stakeholders on how to evaluate progress in a place-based context. The project ‘Just Transition for Workers and Communities in Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire’ brought together an interdisciplinary team from the University of Aberdeen Just Transition Lab to identify and collate the relevant evidence, and engage with a range of local stakeholders to develop regional Just Transition indicators. Previous work on this project produced a Rapid Evidence Assessment on how the oil and gas industry has shaped our region and what efforts and visions have emerged for a Just Transition. Based on the findings and a stakeholder knowledge-exchange event, we have developed a set of proposed indicators, supported by data and/or narrative, for a transition in Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire across four themes: 1) Employment and skills, 2) Equality and wellbeing, 3) Democratic participation, and 4) Community empowerment, revitalisation and Net Zero. Some of the indicators are compiled from national/local data sets, including data on jobs and skills, fuel poverty or greenhouse gas emissions. Other indicators require further data collection and elaboration, but nevertheless represent important aspects of Just Transition in the region. These include workers’ rights protection, community ownership, participation and empowerment. We propose four narrative scenarios as springboards for further dialogue, policy development, investment and participation on Just Transition in Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire. Indicators, as proxies for evaluating progress, can be used as decision support tools, a means of informing policy, and supporting stakeholder dialogue and action as we collectively progress a Just Transition in the North East. There are no shortcuts on a way to a Just Transition. Progress towards achieving it will require a clear articulation of vision and objectives, co-developed with all stakeholders around the table. It will require collaboration, trust, difficult conversations, and compromise as we develop a collective vision for the region. Finally, it will require strong political will, substantive policy and legal reform, public and private investment, and building of social licence as we collectively build a Net Zero future in the North East.
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Kokurina, Olga Yu. SOCIETAL-METABOLIC SYSTEM OF THE STATE: EXPERIENCE OF SYNTHETIC RESEARCH. THE ELECTRONIC MANUAL. SIB-Expertise, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0756.18122023.
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This electronic manual presents a number of theoretical and methodological tools based on the key concept: “societal (social) metabolism.” In summary, the synthetic concept of societal metabolism goes beyond the perspective of traditional social sciences by contextualizing the biophysical dimension of metabolic exchange between society and nature. Distancing from reductionist approaches, the interdisciplinary concept of societal metabolism recognizes the importance of mutual connections and interactions of factors of material and social exchange, within the framework of established individual and group social practices in the life of society. The electronic manual will be useful to undergraduate and graduate students studying social and political sciences, and to anyone interested in the theory and practice of applying interdisciplinary approaches to social science problems.
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Wanka, Anna, Tabea Freutel-Funke, Sabine Andresen, and Frank Oswald, eds. Feeling lonely : A Linking Ages perspective on the risks for loneliness in early and later life during the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel and Germany. Universitätsbibliothek J. C. Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.73894.
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An interdisciplinary group of researchers from both Israel and Germany came together in December 2021 to exchange and discuss findings on the effects of the COVID-pandemic on children and older adults in Israel and Germany.This white paper provides a selection of empirical research findings, policy recommenda-tions and identified blind spots for future research with respect to a “linking ages” perspec-tive. The authors emphasize on loneliness in early and late life from a specific social science perspective and based on a selected set of definitions.
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Obregon, Jean-Francois, Sergio Lazzarini, Diane-Laure Arjalies, Julie Gualandris, Guanjie Huang, Ellen Kempton, Rubaina Singla, Yashika Sharma, and Jimmy Wang. Towards a Climate-Smart Food System: A Theory of Change and Impact Metrics to Trigger Farming and Societal Change. Richard Ivey School of Business., October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/iveypub.78.2023.
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There is significant interest in sustainable food production practices in Canada and worldwide due to the challenges caused by the Russia-Ukraine war, land degradation, and climate change. Sustainable food production is a food system that provides affordable, nutritious food while preserving and restoring natural resources and generating robust ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, water filtration, and retention. This report explores multiple routes to foster improved social, ecological, and economic impacts associated with alternative practices promoting sustainable food production. It identifies core problems that prevent agricultural systems and their food chains from implementing (more) sustainable practices. The report mobilizes a Theory of Change (TOC) to outline possible interventions and metrics to implement (community-based) interventions to promote shared principles of sustainable production and create communities of practice. The TOC was developed in consultation with a set of actors in the food chain (including farmers, financial institutions, municipal governments, food processors, NGOs and industry associations) during a nine-month research intervention in Canada (2023), complemented by a literature review. Thanks to this co-creation process, the proposed interventions and metrics to measure and track improvements at the farm and societal levels presented in this report are outcomes-based and bottom-up. This enables agricultural communities and actors in the food chain to pursue alternative routes to improve outcomes. The report also discusses incentives to pursue sustainable food production, either explicit (e.g. monetary payments, contractual clauses) or implicit (e.g. social norms, cultural values, network-based engagement of food chain actors). Lastly, it outlines a potential research design to test the suggested interventions, metrics, and incentives in a Randomized Control Trial (RCT).
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Estevadeordal, Antoni, and Ekaterina Krivonos. Negotiating Market Access between the European Union and MERCOSUR: Issues and Prospects. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008654.
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The European Union (EU) and MERCOSUR are the largest and most influential regions, both by population and in terms of size of the economy, of their respective continents. The renewed priority given to biregional cooperation launched by the Inter-Regional Framework Agreement signed in 1995 is based on deep historical, political, economic and cultural links between the two regions. The potential advantages of an agreement that will foster a process of dynamic cooperation are enormous, ranging from political influence to economic returns, including the gains from comparative advantage, expanding markets, improved environment for investments, and positive spillovers on human and social capital, democracy, and justice. A free trade agreement between the two regions should also be evaluated in the context of the new regionalism initiatives taking place around the world, in particular the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) negotiations and the process of enlargement and deepening of the two regional blocs. The objective of this paper is to offer an X-ray of the current status of existing market access provisions both in MERCOSUR and the EU. This is an important and necessary first step to identify the key issues facing market access negotiators from the very outset of the negotiations. As has already been agreed during the first meeting of the European Union - Mercosur Biregional Negotiations Committee, one of the first tasks of the Technical Group charged with market access issues will be the exchange of information in the areas of tariff and non-tariff measures. This initial exchange of information among negotiating parties usually plays a key role in the overall formulation of each party's negotiating strategy. This paper attempts, using mostly secondary sources and data compiled by international agencies, to take a seat at the negotiating table and provide the best snapshot possible of the situation. In this regard, it is important to stress that the information used and analyzed in this paper should not be taken in any way as the official picture of the market access profiles of each region.
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Gupte, Jaideep, and Saba Aslam. Decentralised Cooperation and Local Government: Addressing Contemporary Global Challenges. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.002.
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At the start of the last decade, United Cities and Local Governments’ (UCLG) policy paper on Decentralised Cooperation and Local Government laid out a clear rationale for decentralised cooperation and set out recommendations to the prevalent tackle weaknesses of international development cooperation and to strengthen development effectiveness. In many ways, the paper was a forerunner in calling for stronger sustained support for South-South development cooperation particularly among countries that have undergone similar socio-economic challenges so that learnings can be shared across partners. It laid emphasis on professional structures and programme-based approaches, with clear monitoring and evaluation tools and indicators on impact and called for a sharing of objectives across local and regional governments, and their associations, committed to continuing improvement, learning and exchange. These recommendations have helped strengthen international decentralised cooperation over the past decade, and their core principles continue to be highly relevant today. In 2021, the Institute of Development Studies, UK, with support of the UCLG Capacity and Institution Building Working Group (CIB), has engaged a wide range of member governments, associations, and networks, alongside a range of external commentators and experts, to assess UCLG principles, priorities, and actions in the context of contemporary global challenges and the resulting landscape of decentralised development cooperation. Following a series of survey-based, individual, case study, and workshop interactions, the study presents key points and recommendations.
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Rudyk, Myroslava. Нові ролі і функції соціальних медіа у волонтерській діяльності в період російсько-української війни з 24 лютого 2022 року. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11739.
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The article studies social media as a communication platform during the war. The set of mass communication tools to meet the audience’s information needs, coordination of volunteer activities, popularization of the volunteer movement, and involvement of the Internet community in helping the Armed Forces were analyzed. During the Russian-Ukrainian war, social media became the platform where the exchange of information takes place much faster; good analytics could be found quickly, which were pushed out of the information space. Also, social media have taken on the role of a platform where you can coordinate work, unite society around important issues, organize assistance to the army, and report on the needs of the Armed Forces. That is why the presentation of volunteering in social media is considered a relevant research topic because the presentation of volunteering in social networks has generally changed the content of blogging. Stars of show business, politicians, people of art, and educational and scientific fields have done incredible things with social media’s help in organizing military aid. We believe that the volunteer movement through social media has expanded the functions and role of these communication platforms, demonstrating the importance of Internet communication and the effectiveness of using the latest media tools in wartime. The historiography of the study covers the works of Ukrainian and foreign scientists. Among them are L. Horodenko, V. Hvozdiev, B. Potiatynyk, G. Synorub, A. Rohulskyi, D. Rashkoff, and others. The war situation in Ukraine has opened up new requests for blogging activities, exceptional support, and initiation of volunteering. The content of bloggers is now 80 percent filled with the topic of war. The presentation of volunteer work is considered individually and collectively on behalf of foundations and public organizations. We believe that a significant advantage of an active volunteer movement in social networks is fast communication, which contributes to the rapid resolution of crucial tasks. Keywords: social media, volunteering, information, war.
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Terrón-Caro, María Teresa, Rocio Cárdenas-Rodríguez, Fabiola Ortega-de-Mora, Kassia Aleksic, Sofia Bergano, Patience Biligha, Tiziana Chiappelli, et al. Policy Recommendations ebook. Migrations, Gender and Inclusion from an International Perspective. Voices of Immigrant Women, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46661/rio.20220727_1.
Full textAbstract:
This publication is the third product of the Erasmus + Project entitled Voices of Immigrant Women (Project Number: 2020-1-ES01-KA203-082364). This product is based on a set of policy recommendations that provides practical guidance on intervention proposals to those with political responsibilities in governance on migration management and policies for integration and social inclusion, as well as to policy makers in the governance of training in Higher Education (University) at all levels. This is intended to promote the development of practical strategies that allow overcoming the obstacles encountered by migrant women during the integration process, favoring the construction of institutions, administrations and, ultimately, more inclusive societies. The content presented in this book proposes recommendations and intervention proposals oriented to practice to: - Improve Higher Education study plans by promoting the training of students as future active protagonists who are aware of social interventions. This will promote equity, diversity and the integration of migrant women. - Strengthen cooperation and creation of networks between academic organizations, the third sector and public administrations that are responsible for promoting the integration and inclusion of migrant women. - Promote dialogue and the exchange of knowledge to, firstly, raise awareness of human mobility and gender in Europe and, secondly, promote the participation and social, labor and civic integration of the migrant population. All this is developed through 4 areas in which this book is articulated. The first area entitled "Migrant women needs and successful integration interventions"; the second area entitled "Promoting University students awareness and civic and social responsibility towards migrant women integration"; the third area entitled "Cooperation between Higher Education institutions and third sector"; the fourth and last area, entitled "Inclusive Higher Education".
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Noack, Anika. Knowledge and Technology Transfer under Digital Conditions: Transfer Intermediaries in Eastern Germany and the Role of Digital Means, Trust and Face-to-Face Interactions. Technische Hochschule Wildau, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15771/innohub_4.
Full textAbstract:
Even before the corona pandemic broke out in 2020, the role of digitalisation became more and more apparent within Knowledge and Technology Transfer (KTT) processes. Since the pandemic,intermediary organisations that bridge the distance between academia and the world of business to pave the way for successful university-industry linkages have not primarily been able to build on face-to-face-encounters to create those relations. Based on an ongoing research project, this paper examines how digitally mediated communications potentially enhance or limit knowledge and technology transfer that is primarily based on face-to-face interactions.On the one hand, the use of digitally mediated communications seem to foster the spatial expansion of networks, save travel times and costs and foster a special form of social inclusion. University-industry-relations, on the other hand,still rely on a positive evaluation of face-to-face contacts and geographical proximity for trust to develop between heterogeneous partners. Here, actors with bridging functions like transfer scouts are vital in enabling a regular communicative exchange to create commitment, social cohesion and cooperation in digital contexts. Although the relevance of digitalised transfer processes has been increasing over time, an important set of activities, involving face-to-face contacts and co-location, currently still plays a major role for transfer intermediaries in university-industry-relations.