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Azevedo, Jéssica de Sousa. "Os contributos da Set e da comunicação para a satisfação dos trabalhadores : um estudo em empresas portuguesas do setor dos serviços." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19153.
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Mestrado em Ciências EmpresariaisAs Pessoas são o elemento chave no sucesso das organizações, e a Satisfação é um dos seus maiores desafios. Trabalhadores satisfeitos são sinónimo de maior compromisso e desempenho organizacional. Em contrapartida, a sua insatisfação reflete-se em alta rotatividade e baixo desempenho. As relações entre os trabalhadores e a organização funcionam numa lógica de interdependência e reciprocidade. Assim, a Social Exchange Theory permite compreender como várias condições contribuem para a Satisfação. Estas podem ser estabelecidas ao nível organizacional, com os líderes e com os pares. As organizações não existem sem comunicação, sendo que o presente estudo analisa os contributos da comunicação na Satisfação dos trabalhadores. A riqueza deste processo está na análise da comunicação aos diversos níveis, isto é, ao nível da organização, do líder e dos pares. Outras condições relacionadas com a Satisfação, como o Equilíbrio Trabalho-Família, a Cultura Organizacional, a Liderança Transacional, a Liderança Transformacional e o Apoio dos Pares, são alvo de análise. O presente estudo analisou uma amostra de 163 respostas, obtidas via questionário, distribuído aos trabalhadores das empresas portuguesas do setor dos serviços. Este contribui ativamente para o crescimento nacional e para a composição do mercado de trabalho. Uma abordagem qualitativa foi utilizada para testar e identificar as combinações causais que levam à presença e à ausência de Satisfação (fsQCA). Os resultados evidenciaram a presença de caminhos para a Satisfação na presença de comunicação aos três níveis. Complementarmente foram encontrados caminhos para a ausência de Satisfação na presença de comunicação de pelo menos um dos níveis.
As People are the key element in the success of organizations, Satisfaction represents one of their biggest challenges. Satisfied workers are synonymous of greater commitment and organizational performance. While, unsatisfied workers reflect in high turnover and poor performance. The logic of interdependence and reciprocity are the base of the relationship between workers and their organizations. Thereby, the Social Exchange Theory allows to understand how a set of conditions leads to satisfaction. These can be defined at three level, the organizational, with leaders and with peers. As organizations do not exist without communication, the present study analyzes the contributions of Communication on Job Satisfaction. The richness of this process lies on the various level analysis of Communication, in so, at the Organizational, Leader and Peer level. Additionally, other conditions are considered on this analysis: Work-Life Balance, Organizational Culture, Transactional Leadership, Transformational Leadership and Peer Support. The present study analyzes a sample of 163 observations, obtained through a questionnaire, sent to Portuguese companies from the service industry. This industry contributes actively to the national growth and to the composition od the labor market. To identify the casual presence and absence of satisfaction, a qualitative approach (fsQCA) was used. The results show the existence of several paths leading to Satisfaction with the presence of the three levels of Communication. Also, there are paths leading the absence of Satisfaction, they include the presence of at least of one of the levels of Communication.
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Zhang, Junshu. "Why Consumers Disclose Their Tourism Experiences on Tourism Social Networking Sites: Multiple Theoretical Perspectives." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6607.
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Tourism social networking sites (SNSs) are websites that provide users with templates for describing their travel experiences and an infrastructure to share such travel posts with a network of like-minded individuals. Tourism SNSs represent an important advertising channel for the tourism industry, as they may assist travelers in selecting destinations and planning vacations on the basis of other travelers’ experiences, which may further stimulate travel and generate income for the tourism industry (Yazdanifard & Yee, 2014). User-generated content (UGC) in the form of travel posts is the core offering and key success factor of tourism SNSs. Travel posts constitute a valuable resource that attracts users to these websites, and they serve as a key data feed into the data mining process that is used to develop travel products on tourism SNSs. However, one problem with tourism SNSs is that their users, especially the new ones, do not publish their travel experiences on these SNSs as often as they do on traditional SNSs, such as Facebook. This may result in a lack of content and, therefore, a loss of potential consumers and, consequently, revenue. Therefore, a study on self-disclosure behavior in writing travel posts may contribute to understanding the reasons why this problem exists and help tourism SNSs improve their service accordingly. The author used multiple theoretical perspectives (social exchange theory and social cognition theory) to develop a comprehensive self-disclosure framework. The framework was tested by using a partial least squares based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach with data from 443 participants recruited from the two most popular Chinese tourism SNSs: Qyer.com and mafengwo.cn. The findings show that self-disclosure behavior on tourism SNSs was significantly affected by self-benefit, positive feedback from other users, social benefits, rewards, tourism SNSs’ security mechanism, and ease of use. However, habit and motive did not have a statistically significant effect on self-disclosure behavior. Moreover, self-disclosure behavior positively affected electronic word of mouth (EWOM) relating to the tourism SNSs. Finally, the findings have theoretical and practical implications, and the thesis ends with a discussion of the limitations of this study and suggestions for future research.
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Rootenberg, Cindy. "A model of perceived impacts of tourism on residents' quality of life in selected towns / C. Rootenberg." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9825.
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Worldwide tourism has become one of the largest and fastest growing industries. Specifically in the South African context, this growth has been confirmed in recent statistics. However, the growth in the tourism industry does not occur without challenges. It brings both benefits and costs to the residents of a host community, consequently generating both positive and negative tourism impacts. Further, it is recognised that once a community becomes a tourism destination, the lives of the residents are influenced by that particular development; thus effecting their Quality of Life (QoL). Only minimal research has, however, been conducted to determine the influence of the perceived impacts of tourism on residents’ QoL, especially in the South African context.
A number of theoretical frameworks have been developed in tourism to signify how the perception of or reactions towards tourism of residents in a host community are influenced at any particular stage of development. Pertaining to QoL, various theoretical models have also been created to describe the functioning of the construct. Although theoretical frameworks have been developed that are distinct to tourism and QoL; to date an integrated approach does not exist that explores the influence of tourism on residents’ QoL.
In addition to the lack of an integrated approach in literature, the permanency of tourism products too have not yet been examined in literature. Further, permanency has not been examined in order to determine the influence of tourism impacts on residents’ QoL in selected towns, one being a permanent tourism product (PTP) and the other a nonpermanent tourism product (N-PTP). From the above, it can be seen that three theoretical and practical issues exist: (1) only a modest amount of research has been done to determine the influence of tourism impacts on residents’ QoL; (2) an integrated approach does not exist signifying the relationship between tourism impacts and QoL and; (3) permanency as a differentiation factor has not been investigated in host communities. By addressing these issues, a significant contribution will be made to literature, together with the ensuing practical contributions. Therefore, the main goal of the study was to develop a model to indicate the influence of perceived impacts of tourism on residents’ QoL in selected towns; these having specific differentiation made between a PTP and N-PTP.
In order to achieve the goal of the study, five objectives were formulated:
The first objective was to analyse theoretical frameworks of tourism and QoL and to identify a particular theoretical framework for the study. Specifically, the Social Exchange Theory (SET) was selected from the theoretical frameworks of tourism, while the Bottom-up Spillover theory was designated as it is peculiar to QoL frameworks. Therefore, the derived theoretical framework indicated that an ‘exchange’ process occurs between tourism development and the residents of the host community. More specifically, social exchange arises between the perceived impacts of tourism and life domains in order to establish the QoL of residents in host communities.
The second objective was to analyse tourism both as an industry and product in a host community through a review of existing literature. From the literature review, it can be seen that tourism is a growing industry and product, not only internationally but also in the South African context. Permanency as a characteristic was explored comprehensively to define a tourism product while maintaining the differentiation between a PTP and N-PTP. Residents of a host community are noted as important roleplayers in the tourism industry as tourism impacts affect them in PTP and in N-PTP. This importance is emphasised as residents of a host community: (1) influence the tourism experience; (2) determine the attractiveness of a destination and; (3) control the sustainability of tourism in a host community.
The third objective was to analyse QoL and its relation to the residents of a host community, once more, through a literature review. From the review, it was observed that QoL has different definitions and views, some more intricate than others. For the purpose of the study, it was determined that QoL can be described appropriately through the Bottom-up Spillover theory. Therefore, QoL is determined through the collaboration of various life domains that, further, may be either objective or subjective in nature. When examining the relationship between tourism development and QoL, it was established that tourism, through tourism products, produces effects that will influence various life domains, consequently determining the QoL of residents in a host community. As with tourism impacts, the QoL of the host community’s residents will subsequently: (1) influence the tourism experience; (2) determine the attractiveness of a destination and; (3) ensure the sustainability of tourism in a community.
The fourth objective was to analyse the influence of the economic, environmental, social and cultural impacts of tourism on residents’ QoL and to differentiate between a PTP and N-PTP by using an empirical study. Having in mind that the main goal of the study was to develop a model, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modelling were conducted on the data. The models, constructed separately for tourism impacts and QoL, were subsequently integrated to determine the influence of the perceived impacts of tourism on residents’ QoL. The model with good model fit statistics and supportive of underlying theory was thereafter accepted for further analysis in order to attain comprehensively the main goal of the study. Thereafter, model development tested permanency of tourism products by specifically determining the influence of perceived impacts of tourism on residents’ QoL in selected towns (PTP and N-PTP). From the latter exercise, no practically significant differences were found between a PTP and N-PTP. Therefore, the model constructed as Stage 3 was accepted as the final model of the study and was given the title of Root’s model of Community TourQoL (CTQ). Specifically, the model signified that positive economic, environmental, social and cultural impacts influence residents’ QoL, while negative environmental and social impacts do not influence residents’ QoL in host community. Furthermore, the model showed that no differences were found between a PTP and N-PTP regarding the influence of perceived impacts of tourism on residents’ QoL.
The fifth and final objective was to draw conclusions, indicate contributions, formulate recommendations and present limitations peculiar to the study. The greatest significance of the study is seen in the practical contributions of the study, specifically, the development of Root’s model of Community TourQoL (CTQ). Community and tourism planners and/management can implement the model in both PTP and N-PTP to enhance the positive impacts of tourism; while minimising negative impacts, in order to improve residents’ QoL.Thesis (PhD (Tourism Management))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Artemenko, A. "The main set of foreign exchange regulation theory." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2019. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/77008.
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The paper is devoted to the study of the evolution of foreign exchange regulation
formation according to political and economic changes in the world. The common and
different features of "foreign exchange regulation" and "foreign exchange control"
have been indicated. The main stages of foreign exchange regulation process have been
identified and characterized.
The question of regulating the foreign exchange market as a necessary platform
for producing cross-border movement of currency values is topical in today's global
world.
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Micevski, Milena. "Marketing and sales interface flexibility : a social exchange theory perspective." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/18023.
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To be successful in today s turbulent business environment it is very important for a company to exhibit flexibility in its processes, activities and interfaces. Such a flexible approach enables firms to adapt and improvise in order to achieve the best possible outcomes. In spite of there being ample research on how to achieve flexibility in a variety of business process and activities, there remains little understanding on how flexibility in managing the use of resources reveals itself in intra-organisational interfaces. This thesis sheds more light on this issue and investigates flexibility specifically in the relational context of cross-functional interfaces. The importance of developing and investigating flexibility at the cross-functional relational interface is embedded in the recognition that the ability and willingness of departments to adapt and to accommodate deviations from original strategies through their cross-functional working is a critical factor for success. This research investigates flexibility at one such interface that is argued to be essential in achieving organisational success but that is characterised by conflict, lack of cooperation and distrust the Marketing and Sales interface. A literature review incorporating two broad literature streams; i.e., the Marketing and Sales cross-functional relationship literature and the literature on organisational flexibility helped develop a guiding definition of Marketing and Sales Interface Flexibility (MSIF). This definition was subsequently confirmed in the exploratory phase of the thesis, thereby providing a stronger conceptualisation of the MSIF phenomenon. The concept was found to be predicated on social exchange theory s view on the M&S exchange relationship as a dynamic process in which both continuously adapt to each other s needs through modification of their resources required to match those needs. Consequently, a theoretical model was developed. This model argues for an inverted U-shaped relationship between MSIF and business performance. According to this model, beyond certain optimal point MSIF may reduce business performance. Based on the empirical testing of the model via a survey of 229 UK-based business organisations no support was found for the inverted U-shaped relationship between MSIF and customer performance. Results of the empirical testing indicated that MSIF has an inverted U-shaped relationship with a firm s market performance. These results imply that a firm s market success is secured at lower levels of MSIF whereas further increases in investments in MSIF may, at some point, become detrimental to an organisation s market performance (i.e., market share and sales volume). Therefore, the findings suggest that managers should manage MSIF wisely, hold themselves from over-investing in MSIF and seek to find the optimal level which will provide the best market performance. On the other hand, MSIF was found to have a linear, positive relationship to customer performance indicating that higher levels of MSIF will secure more a satisfied and loyal customer base. The study also incorporates the contingency theory perspective and hypothesises the moderating effect of market dynamism on the MSIF - performance relationship. The results indicate that the value of MSIF for generating market performance decreases as technological turbulence in the market increases. Based on the social exchange theory the relationship between four socially constructed antecedents and MSIF are proposed. The findings highlight the positive impact of, (1) trust in the Marketing and Sales relationship, and (2) rules and norms of social exchange between Marketing and Sales as reflected in compatible goals and joint rewards on MSIF. However, resource dependence asymmetry is found to be negatively related to MSIF suggesting that a misbalanced resource dependency between the two will hamper MSIF. The theoretical and practical implications of the study findings are subsequently presented along with an acknowledgment of the study s limitations and proposed future research to further explore this important area.
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Abra, Gordon. "Structural Change in Exchange Relations." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1411%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Hagstrand, Simon. "Social Knowledge Exchange : How Individuals exchange and interpret information to recieve correct understanding." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsa och lärande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-13016.
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Grenda, Donn Robert. "A General Theory of Economic Flow, Social Exchange, and Hegemonic Relationship." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625722.
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Ahrens, Fred. "Knowledge Exchange Behavior in Supply Channel Relationships:A Social Exchange and Game-theoretic Approach." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439295990.
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Young, Margaret H. "Mate Selection in Contemporary America: An Exchange Theory Perspective." DigitalCommons@USU, 1989. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2360.
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The use of exchange theory as it applies to human relations has escalated dramatically in the past 20 years. The present study applies exchange theory as the basis of mate selection in contemporary society. Whereas an actual barter system was used in the past and families played a major role in choosing prospective mates, participants in the mate selection process are not virtually on their own and must rely upon their own bargaining skills to present their assets on the marriage market. A number of characteristics are thought to enhance or detract from a person's "worth" on the marriage market. Over 900 college students from nine universities across the united states were surveyed in order to ascertain what they considered valuable in a potential mate, and important variables in the mate selection process were determined. Comparisons were made among gender, race, marital status, family size and configuration, socioeconomic status, religious orientation, and geographical region of the United States. The results indicate that important differences exist among the various groups concerning what characteristics enhance or detract from an individual's worth on the marriage market in contemporary America. Finally, it was determined that marital worth of individuals can theoretically be measured.
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Jönsson, Fredrik. "Leader-Member Exchange Theory och utvecklande ledarskap i Försvarsmakten." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-10139.
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Building on previous research into the relationship between Leader-Member Exchange Theory and Transformational Leadership as well as decades’ worth of LMX-research, this study sets out to investigate the connection between high-quality leader-member exchanges and developmental leadership. The need for such a study arose from the lack of critical examination of the current leadership within the Swedish Armed Forces, as well as the central position given to the Developmental Leadership Theory. In order to examine the correlation between LMX and developmental leadership a questionnaire based on LMX-7 and the Developmental Leadership Questionnaire was constructed. Conscripts from the 1st Marine Regiment, the Artillery Regiment, the Life Guards Regiment and the Norrbotten Regiment were chosen as the study’s sample. Because of late rescheduling, ongoing field exercises and current restrictions due to the ongoing pandemic, only conscripts from the Norrbotten Regiment were able to partake in the study. Using data from 31 conscripts, this study found that there is a positive correlation between high-quality LMX-exchanges and subjection to developmental leadership. The data analysis of Pearson’s correlation coefficient resulted in r=0,66, denoting a moderate correlation. Due to the lacking response rate this result cannot be considered statistically significant, though. As a result, further studies into the relationship between Leader-Member Exchange Theory and Developmental Leadership Theory are required. The questionnaire used in the current study needs further evaluation and would benefit from being subjected to translation and back-translation procedures in order to verify its validity.
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Lynch, Kellie R. "Great Sexpectations: The Application of Sexual Social Exchange Theory to Date Rape." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/18.
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In a two-part study, dating sexual expectations will be evaluated and the sexual social exchange theory will be investigated in a date rape trial. In Part 1, participants (N = 100) will be presented with one of two fictional date scenarios that will differ only on the cost of the date (i.e., $30 or $175). Participants will then indicate what behaviors (sexual and not sexual) are appropriate at the end of a first date and then a fifth date. It is predicted that all participants will expect sexual intercourse more on the fifth date than the first, and that participants in the expensive date scenario will expect sexual intercourse more than participants in the inexpensive date condition. Part II will use the information gathered in Part I to investigate how sexual expectations in a dating scenario may manifest themselves as feelings of reciprocity in the sexual social exchange theory. In Part II participants (N = 160) will be presented with one of four trial summaries that differ depending on the cost of the date (i.e., $30 or $175) and the date number (i.e., first or fifth). Participants will render a verdict and then rate the defendant and alleged victim on various rating factors (e.g., credibility), in addition to completing the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance scale, short form. It is predicted that there will be fewer guilty verdicts and lower pro-victim judgments for both men and women when the cost of the date was high and when the couple was on their fifth date. It is also predicted that men will render fewer guilty verdicts and report lower pro-victim attitudes than women. Juror rating subscales (e.g., victim credibility) and rape myth acceptance scores are predicted to mediate the effects of the cost of date and date number on verdict. The results will be discussed in terms of how the sexual social exchange theory can explain juror perceptions in a date rape trial.
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Czekanski, William Andrew. "Social Exchange in Intercollegiate Athletics: An Exploration of Exchange Ideologies in the Coach-Student-Athlete Dyad." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1336664431.
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Shang, Qingyan. "Two essays on social interactions." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1148654775.
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Popaitoon, Patchara. "HR-performance linkages through the lens of social exchange." Thesis, University of Bath, 2011. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.545341.
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This research explores the linkages between HR practices and business sales performance in a retail bank branch network. Whilst previous research in the last two decades has generally supported the notion that when appropriately designed HR practices can help enhance organizational outcomes, there is still ongoing debate regarding how such practices can actually influence business results. In particular, academics have highlighted the importance of the quality of HR implementation, because this can affect employee day-to-day experiences of and reactions to the HR practices which can impact on variance in the business results. In effect, it is crucial for research to take up the employee lens of the implemented practices and their reactions to these, if the HR-performance relationship is to be clearly understood. This thesis contributes to this research agenda by adopting the social exchange lens to shed light on the nature of the aforementioned relationship. A multidisciplinary and multilevel HR-performance model was employed for conducting empirical tests. Specifically, the empirical model was constructed from the literature in three different fields: strategic human resources management, social exchange theory and psychological contract, with the aim of eliciting the nature of employer-employee exchange relationships in the HR process. Subsequently, the model was tested using the data obtained from 1,286 employees in 149 bank branches and analysed so as to assess the multilevel process through which HR practices can influence business sales performance. The empirical results indicate that an organization can improve branch sales performance by paying careful attention to several processes pertaining to the implementation of HR practices. That is, through the psychological contract process, employees, based on their perceptions of the quality of the received practices (i.e. HR level and breach), reciprocate the organization with their discretionary performance, i.e. commitment attitudes and organizational citizenship behaviours and these outcomes have an impact on business results. Moreover, the findings also point to a boundary condition, whereby the HR-performance relationship can be enhanced by stressing the role of the key constituencies responsible for delivering these practices, namely: senior management and the line manager. That is, respectively, through the affective and relational processes, these agents can have an impact on employee perceptions of HR level and whether there has been a breach of the psychological contract, which in turn influence employee reactions in the causal chain. In summary, having applied the social exchange perspective to elicit the employee interaction with the different quality of HR implementation across bank branches, this study has contributed to the literature by identifying the key processes including psychological contract, relational and affective processes through which HR practices can impact on business sales performance, thereby illustrating how an organization’s human resources can serve as the source of sustained business competitive advantage.
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Karanges, Emma Ruth. "Optimising employee engagement with internal communication : a social exchange perspective." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/71024/1/Emma_Karanges_Thesis.pdf.
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Drawing on principles of social exchange this thesis employs mediated regression to investigate the relationship between internal communication and employee engagement in the Australian workforce. Findings suggest organisations and supervisors should focus internal communication efforts toward building greater perceptions of support and stronger identification among employees in order to foster optimal engagement. This research contributes to public relations and management scholarship through understanding how perceived support and identification act as mediating mechanisms in the relationship between internal communication and employee engagement at the organisational and supervisory level.
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Burkett, Brandy N. "Cheater Detection and the Fundamental Attribution Error: A Test of Social Exchange Theory." W&M ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626382.
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Lozano, Brian Edward. "Comparison of Participatively-set and Assigned Goals in the Reduction of Alcohol Use." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27694.
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The effects of setting goals on goal commitment and goal achievement in the context of an alcohol use intervention were examined using an experimental design in which participants were randomly assigned to participatively-set goals, assigned goals, and no goal conditions. The current study provides information regarding the links between degree of participation in goal setting, goal commitment, self-efficacy for oneâ s goal, subsequent alcohol use, and goal achievement. It was hypothesized that: 1) Goal setting and participation in goal setting would significantly predict alcohol use outcomes: a) having a goal for alcohol consumption would cause lower quantity and frequency of alcohol use relative to not having a goal; b) participation in goal setting, rather than being assigned a goal, would influence goal achievement such that participation in goal setting would cause greater success in achieving oneâ s goal. 2) Participation in goal setting would influence goal commitment such that participation in goal setting would cause greater goal commitment. 3) Goal commitment would influence goal achievement such that greater goal commitment would be predictive of greater success in achieving oneâ s goal. 4) The facilitative effect of participation in goal setting on subsequent goal achievement would be mediated by goal commitment. 5) Self-efficacy for oneâ s goal would influence goal achievement such that greater self-efficacy for oneâ s goal would be predictive of greater success in achieving oneâ s goal.
One hundred and twenty-six binge-drinking college students received a single cognitive-behavioral assessment/intervention session and completed measures of goal commitment, self-efficacy for goal achievement, and alcohol use. Results were consistent with, and expanded upon, previous research by demonstrating that having a goal for alcohol consumption was predictive of lower quantity and frequency of alcohol use relative to not having a goal; however, participation in goal setting did not result in significantly better alcohol use outcomes or greater goal achievement relative to when goals were assigned. Participation in goal setting yielded greater goal commitment and self-efficacy for goal achievement than assigned goals. Lastly, goal commitment and self-efficacy contributed unique variance to the prediction of goal achievement across follow-up as well as changes in quantity and frequency of alcohol use at follow-up after controlling for baseline use.Ph. D.
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Fenn, Daniel. "Network communities and the foreign exchange market." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533893.
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Many systems studied in the biological, physical, and social sciences are composed of multiple interacting components. Often the number of components and interactions is so large that attaining an understanding of the system necessitates some form of simplication. A common representation that captures the key connection patterns is a network in which the nodes correspond to system components and the edges represent interactions. In this thesis we use network techniques and more traditional clustering methods to coarse-grain systems composed of many interacting components and to identify the most important interactions. This thesis focuses on two main themes: the analysis of financial systems and the study of network communities, an important mesoscopic feature of many networks. In the first part of the thesis, we discuss some of the issues associated with the analysis of financial data and investigate the potential for risk-free profit in the foreign exchange market. We then use principal component analysis (PCA) to identify common features in the correlation structure of different financial markets. In the second part of the thesis, we focus on network communities. We investigate the evolving structure of foreign exchange (FX) market correlations by representing the correlations as time-dependent networks and investigating the evolution of network communities. We employ a node-centric approach that allows us to track the effects of the community evolution on the functional roles of individual nodes and uncovers major trading changes that occurred in the market. Finally, we consider the community structure of networks from a wide variety of different disciplines. We introduce a framework for comparing network communities and use this technique to identify networks with similar mesoscopic structures. Based on this similarity, we create taxonomies of a large set of networks from different fields and individual families of networks from the same field.
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KNAPP, JOSHUA R. "Developing a Multi-Foci Perspective of Psychological Contract Theory." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1213812609.
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Vera, Mariela Anahi. "A social exchange and power dependency theory perspective of Mexican immigrant family communication patterns." Scholarly Commons, 2008. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/690.
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This study aimed to identify the family communication patterns that were typical of Mexican immigrant'schildhood and parenthood, along with the influence that resources and the distribution of power and dependency have within the family structure. In doing so, this study demonstrated how a change in the family communication pattern occurs after migration to the United States. Moreover, this study uncovered some of the reasons behind the change in communication.
Fifteen conversational interviews were conducted in the homes of Mexican immigrants to address the following three research questions: (1) How do parents of Mexican immigrant families describe the family communication patterns that typified their communication with their parents, in terms of (a) socio-orientation versus concept orientation, (b) resources, and (c) power dependency? (2) How do parents of Mexican immigrant families describe the family communication patterns that typify their communication with their children, in terms of(a) socio-orientation versus concept orientation, (b) resources, and (c) power dependency? And (3) what suggestions do the parents of Mexican immigrant families have for improving family communication with their children?
The answers provided by the participants elicited thirteen key themes that provided interesting insights about this wide and critical population. The thirteen themes indicated that Mexican immigrant parents of pre adolescent children have constructed a hybrid communication pattern, which combines traditional characteristics with open and expressive characteristics. Mexican immigrant parents of young adult and adult children have developed an open and expressive communication pattern. This study also found that resources, acquired by U.S. born children, did not affect the distribution of relational power and dependency within their families nor did they create a shift in their family's communication power. A resource that did influence both relational power and the family's communication pattern was peer dependency.
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Petyko, Imre. "Fair and balanced? Ecologically unequal exchange theory in the context of Sino-Brazilian trade relations." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk historia och internationella relationer, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-196089.
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Asikin-Garmager, Asih. "Indonesian public school principals' enactment of agency within the boundaries set by social systems." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5409.
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Background: Indonesian schools are in the midst of implementing a new reform initiative, the 2013 Curriculum, mandated by the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture. The new curriculum requires a drastic change in instructional practices from the traditionally teacher-centered to student-centered instruction. As school leaders, principals play an important role in the implementation and enactment of the 2013 Curriculum in schools. This research explores the leadership practices of Indonesian school principals in facilitating the implementation of new reform policies and initiatives.
Purpose: The study served two purposes. The first was to examine Indonesian public school principals’ enactment of agency within the boundaries set by the social systems around them as they implemented the 2013 Curriculum. The second purpose was to develop a framework that can be used as a lens to further study school leadership practices in the context of Indonesia. Two research questions guided this study: (1) What leadership practices are shaped by which social systems and values? and (2) How does principal agency manifest when implementing the 2013 Curriculum? Responses to the research questions were used to develop the framework.
Data Collection and Analysis: A case study for theory development approach to qualitative research was used. The study took place in the northern area of a small island located in east Indonesia. The primary source of data came from multiple interviews with three public elementary school principals whose schools served as pilot schools for the 2013 Curriculum. In addition to principal interviews, interview with teachers, documents, and observation field notes served as data sources. The data collected were analyzed and manually coded following the data analysis procedures of grounded theory. In the first coding cycle, I coded the data by assigning descriptive and InVivo codes summarizing topics. The second coding cycle involved assigning concepts and categories based on the open codes from the first cycle with a focus on the principals’ actions in facilitating the implementation process. In the third cycle, I compared the concepts and categories to respond to the research questions and examined the relationships between the concepts and categories to develop the framework from the ground up.
Findings: The data analyzed indicated there are three major systems shaped the principals’ leadership practices during the implementation of the 2013 Curriculum: the educational system, the local culture and community, and the school system. In addition to the three systems, the principals’ personal and professional values served to guide the way they led their schools in alignment with the goals of the 2013 Curriculum. The systems and values provided them with rules and resources on which the principals drew in deciding specific actions to perform in order to meet the written and unwritten expectations of their stakeholders. The principals’ enactment of agency was primarily in the form of complying with government orders and balancing expectations from multiple systems, which, then, led to the discovery of three leadership categories in the implementation process: (1) compliance, (2) negotiation, and (3) independence. Compliance refers to those practices the principals perform to satisfy government expectations. Negotiation refers to practices the principals perform in their efforts to juggle expectations and pressures coming from multiple systems. Independence refers to practices the principals perform as they respond to government policies and regulations, as well as community expectations, in a way that is aligned with their personal and professional values.
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Schaupp, Gretchen Lina. "An Experimental Study of Psychological Contract Breach: The Effects of Exchange Congruence in the Employer - Employee Relationship." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26652.
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Although the psychological contract has been a popular topic in managerial research for the past twenty years, recent critiques of the research in this area point to several shortcomings. These are believed to result primarily from the overwhelming use of field studies, survey questionnaires, and other correlational procedures in the study of this construct. One particular research question that has generated mixed results involves the effect that oneâ s underlying contract (either transactional or relational) has on individualsâ perceptions of contract breach and feelings of violation following an employerâ s breach. This study sought to gain insight into this question by using an experimental study design to assess the impact that exchange congruence â or the match between the nature of the underlying contract and the nature of the breach â has on employeesâ perceptions of breach and feelings of violation.
An experimental design was used and data was collected from 421 subjects in six treatment groups and two control groups. The treatment groups examined the effects of withdrawal breach (without resource substitutions) and both congruent and incongruent resource substitutions in transactional and relational work contexts. Also, two control groups in which no psychological breach was induced were examined. The results of the experiment differ for the transactional and relational treatments. No significant differences in perceptions of breach or violation were found with regard to the type of breach induced among the transactional treatments. Among the relational treatments, subjects that received incongruent resource substitutions perceived significantly higher levels of breach and violation than those that received congruent substitutions. Also, among the relational treatments, levels of perceived breach were significantly higher for the incongruent substitute treatment than for the withdrawal breach treatment. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that breach perceptions and feelings of violation vary for employees depending not only on the type of contract they hold, but the type of breach that they experience. In addition, the study demonstrated that an experimental design is applicable to this literature and that it could advance our understanding of the psychological contract in ways that are not possible with cross-sectional field studies.Ph. D.
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Mahon, Maureen F. "Parents and teachers in education, can social exchange theory explain the nature of the relationship?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ32175.pdf.
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Passewitz, Gregory R. "Social Exchange Theory and Volunteer Organizations: Patterns of Participation in Four Environmental/Natural Resource Organizations." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392653996.
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Komodromou, Janell. "Work-life balance benefits : employee attitudes and behaviors through the lens of social exchange theory." Thesis, Aston University, 2013. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/20857/.
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The question of what to provide employees in order that they reciprocate with desirable behaviors in the work place has resulted in a great amount of work in the area of social exchange. Although offering fair compensation, including salary or wages and employee benefits, has been extensively studied, the effects of offering specific types of benefits, such as work-life balance benefits, and the intangible rewards that such an offering inadvertently offers, has only been minimally explored. Utilizing past literature, this current research examined the offering of work-life balance benefits, the value employees place on those benefits, the communication of the benefits by the organization to employees, and their effect on employee attitudes and behaviors. The goal was to identify the effect on desirable outcomes when work-life balance benefits are offered to determine the usefulness to the organization of offering such benefits. To test these effects, a study of an organization known to offer a strong work-life balance benefits package was undertaken. This was accomplished through the distribution of questionnaires to identify the possible relationships involving 408 employee respondents and their 79 supervisors. This was followed with interviews of 12 individuals to ascertain the true reasons for links observed through analysis. Analysis of the data was accomplished through correlation analysis, multilevel analysis and regression analysis generated by SPSS. The results of the quantitative analysis showed support for a relationship between the offering of work-life balance benefits and perceived organizational support, perceived distributive justice, job satisfaction and OCBO. The analysis also showed a lack of support for a relationship between the offering of work-life balance benefits and organizational commitment, OCBI and IRB. The interviews offered possible reasons for the lack of support regarding the relationship between the offering of work-life balance benefits and organizational commitment as well as organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBI and IRB). The implications of these findings on future research, theory and practice in the offering of work-life balance benefits are discussed.
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Collett, Jessica L. "Third Party Intervention and Relationship Outcomes: Extending Social Exchange Theory Through the Incorporation of Intermediaries." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195532.
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Most dispute resolution is between employers and employees, family or friends, neighbors, and other groups who have continued contact after they leave the courtroom, mediator's office, or agree to contract terms. Because of such ongoing relationships, a vital component of any kind of dispute resolution is how conflicting parties feel about each other after the process is over. Although previous conflict resolution research focuses primarily on the perceived fairness of the third-party, process or outcome, my dissertation centers around how the two parties engaged in the process perceive each other and their relations. Specifically, I ask how intermediaries' intervention in a resolution process affects disputing individuals' perceptions of fairness of one another, general positive regard toward one another, and predictions for positive future interactions with one another.I explore the relationship between third party intervention and such relationship outcomes using two experimental methods, vignettes and laboratory research. In each experiment I vary the level of third party intervention (high, low, absent), while holding dispute resolution outcomes constant, and then measure disputants' perceptions of one another. I also test three potential intervening mechanisms for the relationship between intervention and perceptions - procedural fairness, situational attributions, and salience of conflict.Results indicate that third party intervention does affect perceptions disputants' have of one another and that such results vary based on the method used. In the vignettes, the method typical of research in third party intervention, intervention is negatively related to perceptions of the other party. However, the opposite is true in the laboratory experiment. The results from the laboratory suggest that third party intervention is positively related to perceptions of the other party and that both the increased likelihood of situational attributions and decreased salience of conflict with high third party intervention partially explain this relationship.Implications of these results, and potential areas of future research, are discussed.
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zhang, peng. "An Empirical Study of Health Information Exchange Success Factors." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3537.
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The healthcare system in the US faces substantial challenges related to cost, access and quality. Health Information Exchange (HIE) has been widely viewed as a viable solution for dealing with those challenges. Despite the potential contributions to the healthcare system that HIE promises, adoption and use of HIE have always been difficult, and the past two decades have witnessed significant HIE implementation failures.
The limited understanding of HIE is a major obstacle for HIE success. Only recently in-depth research about HIE starts to appear in top IS journals. In addition, the uniqueness of healthcare industry adds to the complexity to HIE. Our study attempts to address this research gap by systematically examining multiple factors that influence HIE adoption and use. Using social exchange theory (SET) and diffusion of innovations theory, a research model was developed to empirically test major factors that impact healthcare providers’ relative advantages and risks perceptions for adopting and using HIE. It is further proposed that relative advantages and risks in turn impact organizations’ intentions for adopting and continuously using HIE. As such, we posit that organizations’ assessments of relative advantages and risks associated with HIE mediate the impacts of organizational and technological factors on organizations’ adoption and use intentions.
This study uses questionnaire surveys for data collection. Out of a total of 163 responses, 117 surveys were completed and were analyzed using Partial Least Square software SmartPLS 3. Data analysis finds that most of the relationships were in the hypothesized directions with some of the relationships being significant. Specifically, top management support, absorptive capacity, trust, and HIE innovation characteristics positively affect relative advantages and negatively affect risk. Furthermore, relative advantages positively affect adoption/continuance intentions, whereas risk negatively affects adoption/continuance intentions.
This study contributes to the literature and offers important practical implications. It is one of the early empirical attempts to understand the key factors that affect HIE’s adoptions and use. The research can also serve as a starting point for more in-depth studies in the future. Moreover, practitioners can use the several newly-developed scales to empirically examine healthcare providers’ adoption and use intentions.
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Wong, Kai Tim (Douglas). "Essays on international stock markets and real exchange rate dynamics." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2019. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/41051/.
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This thesis aims to examine the long-run determinants of the real exchange rate, and to identify the sources of real exchange rate and relative stock price short-run fluctuations. In chapter 1, I incorporate the relative stock prices into the Dornbusch's Mundell-Fleming Real Exchange Rate Model in order to investigate the long-run relationship between the money, goods and stock markets. In chapter 2, I build on the work of Dornbusch (1976), Clarida and Gali (1994), Malliaropulos (1998) and Hoffmann and MacDonald (2000) in order to form the sticky-price equilibrium solution for identifying the source of real exchange rate fluctuation. In chapter 3, I empirically investigate whether the financial crises, the US monetary policy and the exchange rate regime switching of a country affect the real exchange rate co-moment. In addition to the cross-country real exchange rates correlation, the evolution of the equilibrium real exchange rates equicorrelation and temporary real exchange rates equicorrelation are also examined. In chapter 4, I present a model which builds on the stochastic rational expectations open macro model presented by Obstfeld (1985) and Clarida and Gali (1994) and incorporates Malliaropulos's (1998) theoretical relationship between the real exchange rate and the relative stock differential. The model provides both the short- and long-run flexible price solution for identifying the source of relative stock prices. In chapter 5, I attempt to investigate whether the exchange rate can predict future changes in the stock market return and in the economic performance of a country. I present a model that can be used for analysing whether the real exchange rate or the real exchange rate misalignment would contain an economically significant predictable component on forecasting the future stock price movement and the real output.
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O'Malley, Lisa. "Relationship marketing in mass consumer markets : a critical review." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341261.
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Ryan, Fiona. "The part-time employment relationship : an investigation of its capabilities to meet the needs, wants and expectations of employees and employers." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285612.
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Boockoff, Shawn. "The Relationship Between Leader-Member Exchange and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in a Federal Government Organization." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2016. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/fse_etd/87.
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This applied dissertation was a study of the relationship between leader-member exchange (LMX) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in a federal government organization in Washington, DC. As a result of the organization’s business and leadership challenges, understanding the relationship between a leader and a follower and extra-role behaviors may help to understand how high-quality relationships are developed with staff members that are productive and motivate staff to extend their efforts beyond normal expectations. Productive high-quality relationships demonstrate loyalty, consideration, and affect towards the organization and its leaders. Understanding the relationship between LMX and OCB in a federal government organization may help to produce greater awareness of the factors that lead to high-quality leader-member relationships. Knowing the characteristics of high-quality relationships may promote extra-role behaviors enabling increased job satisfaction and greater results. Federal organizations find that many employees have low job satisfaction. In addition, only 38% of federal workers believe leaders generate high levels of commitment. The researcher employed an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design that included surveys and interviews. The sample study was composed of 50 paired dyads from 433 employees of the target federal agency selected using convenience sampling. Survey instruments were used for demographics, LMX, and OCB to gather data. The results from the LMX and OCB instruments were used to formulate interview questions for a select group from the core sample represented by the top and bottom 5% of raw survey score totals. The targeted federal organization should benefit from this study. The results showed how differences in the quality of the relationship between a leader and a follower related to OCB, or extra-role behaviors and led to recommendations on leader-subordinate relationships.
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Lin, Chang-Fu, and 林長扶. "A Research Based on Social Exchange Theory to Explore the Consequences Between Organization And It’s Partners From the Initial Set Up of the E-Procurement System." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56802914434720953682.
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碩士銘傳大學
管理學院高階經理碩士學程
93
Under the competitive environment in the twenty- first century, companies are required to take fast actions in order to survive nowadays. Especially when industries facing the globalizing and multi-dimensional world, in order to gain more profit shares and values, a company needs to find a more effective way to synergy its inner and outer resources. B2B is an e-commerce model which has been highly promoted by the government and private sectors to overcome the previously mentioned challenges. Using internet for deals and negotiation, a company can cut more expenses on operation cost and time. In addition, through the B2B platform to obtain more information on suppliers, a company can construct a more complete e- procurement model which essentially plays a crucial role in e commerce and becomes a representative indicator for the assessment of competitiveness among enterprises. Procurement is essentially a trading action. Blau Emerson (1962) had proposed two important concepts in his theory of trading: trust/ power/ dependence, establishing trust is a key factor during the process of society exchange. e-Procurement not only plays an important role in the supply chain, but also enhances a company’s competitiveness while lowers production costs. From this research which we believe that there is a special relationship between the customer and the central plant and also the elements involved are not the same as they have had with the suppliers. So, this research is to explore the relationship with the customer from the central plant’s perspective, namely ( social exchange theory ). We have done an in-depth and comprehensive research to explore the consequences starting from adopting the e-procurement system and eventually how this would have affected on the partnership as well as the effectiveness of the organization.
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Downard, Andrew. "Predicting Supply Chain Dyadic Relationship Success: A Qualitative Study of Dyads in Australia." Thesis, 2018. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/38629/.
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Supply chain dyadic relationships are considered important to effective supply chain management. Hence measuring the state of supply chain dyadic relationships (SCDR) between a buyer and a supplier is necessary. A number of methods to measure the dyadic relationship have been proposed by researchers. A review of the extant literature on these relationship measurement systems has revealed some areas for improvement. It reveals that existing systems overly focus on a limited range of elements, such as trust or collaboration, and do not always contain all the elements that make up a successful SCDR. A second shortfall lies in measurement approaches which assume a fully developed relationship so that participants have a good understanding of the other party in relation to inter-personal vs inter-organisational, and psychological contract vs physical contract. A better measurement system would predict future relationship success at the earliest stages of the relationship formation. Drawing on transaction cost economics (TCE) and social exchange theory (SET) perspectives, this research, therefore, aims to gain a deeper understanding of the dyadic relationship measurement elements and improving them further to make up a list of holistic SCDR elements with a focus on predicting the supply chain relationship success.
The research has used multi-stage approach in a longitudinal study. The first stage of the research was a literature review to isolate the SCDR elements previously identified. These elements were then confirmed via interviews with an expert panel of practitioners with experience operating within SCDRs. Participants were gathered from both the buy side and sell side of the relationship. The second stage of the research used these qualified SCDR elements to develop a questionnaire that attempted to predict the future state of that relationship. This questionnaire was administered via an on-line platform to a small number of early stage SCDRs. Results were fed back to the participating dyads for comment. Finally, after a period of six months had elapsed, a follow up interview was held to find out whether the predictions from the assessment were accurate.
The results of the research indicated that the SCDR elements from the literature were confirmed by the expert panel with the addition of ‘culture matching’ as a new element. The questionnaire was found to be useful by the participants in stage two and in each case the results were a prediction of SCDR success. This was confirmed by the follow up interviews after more than six months had occurred with all participants intending to continue with the relationship.
The creation and testing of the SCDR assessment tool has a number of potentially useful implications. Theoretically, the elements that make up a supply chain dyadic relationship (SCDR) from the literature have been confirmed and enhanced by the addition of culture matching. This helps researchers to understand how SCDRs work when formulating future research projects. Confirmation that it is feasible to predict the likely success of a relationship, be it a SCDR or other business relationship, is also likely to be useful in future research.
For management practices, supply chain executives will have access to a tool that pays attention to the organisational culture that can be used to predict success or potential failure of a putative SCDR. This will be a useful aid to help practitioners to avoid the expense of replacing an unsuccessful SCDR, which can be disruptive and expensive, as a result of cultural issues, solely or partially. Options for management can include exiting the unsuccessful relationship early, thereby limiting the sunk costs in the relationship. Alternatively, a prediction of relationship problems, as specifically identified by the model, would enable the parties to take corrective action early to move the relationship into a successful position.
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Chang, Pei-wei, and 張培瑋. "Forecasting the Exchange Rate by Rough Set Theory." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40139761921220624958.
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碩士朝陽科技大學
財務金融系碩士班
98
Because of the global liberalization of international trade, fund between nations flows more frequently day by day. Besides, after the collapse of Bretton Woods Agreement, many countries had given up the fixed exchange rate system and used the floating exchange rate system instead. Under the floating exchange rate system, the prediction of actual exchange rate becomes uncertainty. Therefore, if one could fully understand and control the factors that caused the exchange rate movements, we would able to reduce the losses caused by exchange rate fluctuations and risks, and provide some relevant information for government agencies, banks, international companies and investors in the exchange rate of reference. In this study, we are engaged in predicting monthly exchange rate of New Taiwan dollar to U.S. dollar, Japanese Yen, Hong Kong dollars, Canadian dollars, Korean won and Thai baht based on Rough Set Theory combined with Exhaustive Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm, building the decision rules and adding shortening ratio to investigate the prediction accuracy, and finally we also compare the prediction performance with Local Transfer Function Classifier. According to the empirical results, the prediction performance of Exhaustive Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm outperform Local Transfer Function Classifier. In the Korean won, Japanese yen and Thai baht, the forecasting accuracy under Exhaustive Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm has better performance. In addition, the performance of Genetic Algorithms under the shortening ratio of 0.9 has the highest prediction accuracy among all countries; while this phenomenon doesn’t exist if we use by Exhaustive Algorithm.
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Chen, Shi-Yu. "Applications of rough set theory and support vector machines in foreign exchange forecasting." 2007. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0020-0607200713031300.
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Chen, Shi-Yu, and 陳詩郁. "Applications of rough set theory and support vector machines in foreign exchange forecasting." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14566533196589846070.
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碩士國立暨南國際大學
資訊管理學系
95
Recently, financial markets have been characterized by rapid liberalization and globalization, many nations have removed restrictions on exchange rates and capital flow. As a result international capital markets have been characterized by rapid integration. As massive transfer of capital take place, the first impact in volatility of exchange rates and economic activities. This is why forecasting exchange rates have become an important problem, and an understanding of exchange rates trends is indispensable for both corporations and individual investors. For this reason, this study proposes using data mining to deal with the uncertain factors in foreign exchange market, forecasting the volatility of next day’s exchange rate according to the history price. Using rough set theory (RST) to select the attributes of importance and reduce the unnecessary attributes in the information table, and then derives the decision rules from decision table. And condition attributes and decision attribute are the technical indicators and the volatility of next day’s exchange rate, respective. The weak strength and the inferior discrimination are discarded after computes strength and discrimination of the decision rules. Also ascertains which rule can match test data, otherwise uses support vector machine (SVM) to train test data. While doing SVM this study also uses the particle swarm optimization (PSO) to determine parameters for SVM. This reduces the time required for choosing optimal parameters for SVM and avoids the problem of local. This hybrid model is proved to improve the forecast ability of RST by the experiment.
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Sung, Kun-Lin, and 宋昆霖. "Exploring Team Collaboration Effectiveness Using Social Exchange Theory." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38591224791754863522.
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碩士萬能科技大學
經營管理研究所
96
The booming of Internet, make human relations of the communication had a new way, e-mail, instant communication software, Skype internet telephone etc. The communication software publish, also let the modern people be happy to through the above-mentioned on-line communication tool, make friends with a new friend and interact with on-line net friend. Then, the enterprises will be quickly facing to change and compete vigorous of market, in the world, the more and more yeam formation based on the reducing the exploitation of personnel cost and exaltation resource to reach higher results. The online communications after tool publish, the employee in enterprise also use the on-line communication tool to carry on the cooperation on the work, especially the innovations of technology and the shortly product life cycles in the high-tech industries. The more depend on the team cooperation the more have the competition on the market in high-tech industry. This research study discuss the influence of collaboration effectiveness in trust, organization, and relational conflict between on-line team members based on Social Exchange Theory (SET).Also exploring on-line team members in addition the emotion of mutually depends on expressive of ties, outcome interdependence and task interdependence to the influence for trust. This survey released 569 questionnaires, returned in 542, 437 of which were valid focus on high-tech industry managers and employees. The response rate of questionnaires was 76.8%.use of Structure Equations modeling(SEM) as an information analysis methods, and The SAS System for Windows (8.2) statistical analysis software for data analysis. The data from the study was presented and analyzed. The data revealed a positive response in online trust among team members, organizational commitment to the effectiveness of collaboration; a negative response in the online team members on the relationship of trust between the conflict. The online team members between the expressive ties, outcome interdependence, task interdependencies of trust there were positive relations.
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Lai, Yiying, and 賴怡穎. "Investigate Cooperation of Blogging With Social Exchange Theory." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86116728911048900099.
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碩士靜宜大學
觀光事業學系
100
Recently, blog becomes an actively medium for individuals and companies for its operation accessibility. Articles on blogs are favored by public readers, business owners and marketing companies sense the business opportunity and the influence of bloggers, and start working with them. The form of collaboration can be vary, from payment for writing articles on the blogs to obtain free product sample and share the experience with their readers. Social exchange theory believes exchange behavior occurs when people looking for reward and prize. Based on the argument of social exchange theory, this research probes the relationship between bloggers, business owners and marketing companies. From the aspects of attraction, dependence, power, conflict, communication, trust and commitment, this research analyzes the equality and reaction pattern among bloggers, business owners and marketing companies. By interviewing bloggers, the research result shows attraction, dependence, power and conflict are serial factors influence each other in the cooperation procedure. Payments for articles and demand of media resource decide the dependence & power relationship. The most common conflict results from that, marketing companies fail to communicate. The importance of communication before working together is manifest, and formal contract secures the cooperation relationship for both sides.
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CHEN, MIN-WEN, and 陳敏文. "Facebook E-WOM intention: A perspective of social exchange theory and social support theory." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2ays5a.
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碩士國立中正大學
資訊管理系研究所
106
Today, social media is a major communication medium for online users. Along the use of social media, electronic word-of-mouth (EWOM) is a common user behavior. Facebook ranks at top one social medium where the posts on food and dining ranks at top 5 topics. To understand the EWOM behavior, this study investigates that positive and negative EWOM over Facebook. Both social exchange theory and social support theory are applied in our study. In this study, we adopted focus group to interview four college students and three master students who have electronic word-of-mouth experience and we summarized four types of social support and three personality traits related to electronic word-of-mouth research, and then collected data by questionnaire survey. Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Structural Equation Model (SEM) were used as the main statistical analysis methods, and SmartPLS was used as the analysis tool. The results suggest that trust and social support are the major reason that influence customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction of Facebook, which in turn influence the positive and negative EWOM intention respectively. The theo-retical contribution of our study lies in the application of two social theories in online con-text. The empirical contribution is to provide our findings to e-retailors to create positive EWOM meanwhile to avoid negative EWOM. We found that trust and social support the-ory is applicable to Facebook users' e-word-of-mouth intention research, and that satisfac-tion does affect Facebook users' positive electronic word-of-mouth intentions.
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Cheng, Min-Jhih, and 鄭敏芝. "An Integrated Model of Knowledge Providing and Receiving – Social Exchange Theory and Social Cognitive Theory." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/u8upmx.
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博士國立中央大學
企業管理學系
104
Over the years, internet technology has promoted the development of social network sites (SNS), and has also become the most frequently-used knowledge-sharing tool through the interactions between members. However, from the perspective of the community management, it is still undecided as to how to effectively promote the knowledge provided between community members and attract users to receive knowledge. Most research papers in the past mainly focused on analyzing knowledge-sharing behavior based on either the individual or organizational levels. Combining aspects of social cognitive theory and social exchange theory, this study provides another cross-level perspective to examine the integration effect on the basis of the individual and community environment levels, and establishes a research model of knowledge-providing and -receiving behaviors. The purpose of this study is to explore how users' knowledge-sharing behavior in virtual communities is affected by the external environment and by the personal cognitive factor. This study investigates 28 virtual communities over three years, yielding 552 valid questionnaire testing results through hierarchical linear modeling (HLM). The findings of this study reveal that perceived ease of use affects knowledge self-efficacy and also promotes knowledge-providing behavior on an individual aspect. On the other hand, community norms can encourage knowledge-providing behavior in the external community environment. Moreover, community trust can effectively enhance knowledge-receiving behavior, and community reciprocal can also promote knowledge-providing and -receiving behavior.
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Nai-ChangCheng and 鄭乃彰. "Understanding Knowledge Sharing among IT Professionals Based on Social Cognitive Theory and Social Exchange Theory." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77463695368379552494.
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Yang, Yi, and 楊翊. "Understanding SaaS continuance—social exchange theory and service quality." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rg9rnb.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
資訊管理系企業電子化碩士班
102
“Cloud computing”is the hot topic nowadays,Saas is working through rent,company can decrease costs of software development and maintenance. Therefore company will increase amount of request in the future,so regard SaaS as research subject. It combines with Social-Exchange theory to research about if users think it’s helpful when they are using SaaS,then they can trust and use it continuously. It adopts questionnaire survey with workers who ever used SaaS,with 203 valid questionnaires returned,via PLS statistical analysis,and make 4 conclusions,including: (1)outcome-based service quality of SaaS is positively affects to the competence-trust. (2) outcome-based service quality of SaaS is positively affects to the competence-trust. (3)competence-trust is positively affects to the intention of continuous (4)Openness-trust is positively affects to the intention of continuous
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Nel, Johannes Petrus. "Employee engagement using social exchange theory within Standard Bank." 2014. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001552.
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M. Tech. Business AdministrationWithin the procurement department in Standard Bank a low level of employee engagement is experienced. The aim of this research study is to better understand where to enhance engagement through the application of the social exchange theory model from Saks (2006)
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Tang, Hung Hsien, and 洪憲堂. "The Key Determinants of Corporate Social Responsibilities : Rough Set Theory Analysis." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/y24897.
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碩士開南大學
會計學系
103
This paper From a negative point of view of Corporate Social Responsibility（CSR.） determinants, using the Rough Sets Theory（RST）from a data set of firms listed in Taiwan Stock Exchange market. An empirical way to explore the correlation between condition attributes that contains corporate idiosyncratic, corporate governance, corporate performance, ample resources and Corporate Social Responsibility. The results show: foreign ownership, liquidity ratio, the ratio of shareholding managers, directors and supervisors share pledge rate, systemic risk and growth conditions such property for CSR main deciding factor.
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Nowita and 甘慧霞. "Leader-Member Exchange, Goal Orientation, and Employee Performance: An Applicationof the Social Exchange Theory." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33276997356955541211.
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碩士國立成功大學
國際經營管理研究所
102
The study integrates the social exchange and the goal orientations theories to examine the effects of leader-member exchange(LMX) on employee performance through the mediation of goal orientations. Analytical data collected from Indonesia show that LMX indeed can advance both learning and performance goal orientations. Although performance goal orientation can improve both employee task and innovative performance, learning goal orientation can promote task performance only. Moreover, performance goal orientation partially mediates the relationship between LMX and employee task performance. The study contributes to the social exchange theory by identifying critical mediators that help convert the social relationships between a leader and his/her subordinates into effective performance outcomes.
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Gillis, Lynette Rylander 1976. "A network perspective of multiple social exchange relationships." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3852.
Full textAbstract:
Members of organizations form relationships with many different people in their organization. Exchange theory provides a basis for analyzing how these organizational relationships function in two different ways. Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory describes how an employee's relationship with his/her leader influences his/her attitudes and behaviors, while coworker exchange theory (CWX) focuses on the attitudes and behaviors that result from relationships between coworkers. Few researchers have investigated how leader-member exchange theory and co-worker exchange theory work together to affect employee level attitudes and behaviors. In this dissertation, I use a social network framework to synthesize and articulate the confluence of leader-member exchange and coworker exchange theories. Based on a review of the literature on leader-member exchange and coworker exchange, I argue that these co-occurring social exchange processes combine to affect attitudes and behaviors. Using outcome measures of performance and affective commitment, I develop hypotheses testing how employees' social networks of coworkers affect these employees' behaviors and attitudes in the leader-member relationship. This study uses employees in a large USA-based retail organization. I gather data from multiple sources including the employees and their leaders. Using the computer program UCINET, I calculate social network matrix manipulations. I also use SPSS to calculate regressions to test my hypotheses. This dissertation contributes to our understanding of 1) joint effects of various social exchange relationships in the context of specific leader member relationships and 2) the different aspects of a social network framework that differentially influence organizational outcomes.text
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WEI-HUNG, HSU, and 許偉泓. "Knowledge Sharing and OpenSource Software Development Research：from the Perspective of Social-Exchange Theory and Social-Capital Theory." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v4ngyj.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
資訊管理學系碩士在職專班
105
In today's knowledge explosion of modern society, the behavior of resource sharing is an inevitable trend, and in this research referred to the open source term, not just limited to software development, open source is a life attitude, but also represents the Today 's Public Reflection on Public Affairs. This research is based on the data of questionnaire collecting from internet. And also public the questionnaire link on shopping forums and network social media, The method of data analysis is based on the module equation. And use "SmartPLS3.0" as the major analysis tool to verify the relation of variables, The result of research reveal the variable of SET “Reciprocity” will not impact on the behavior of knowledge sharing directly, But the other variables of SET and SCT will do. And Also the KS impact the efficient of OSSD. In view of the fact that knowledge sharing is the main topic in the application of information technology today, this research attempts to combine the social capital theory(SCT)、social exchange theory(SET) and in psychology and social observation theory of the key factors in order to explore the source software development process and results of the foundation, This paper attempts to summarize and improve the knowledge-sharing behavior of the users through the mediating variables of KS and identify other variables that may influence the sharing of knowledge among relevant personnel, such as developers, discussion forum users and other related development communities.
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Chang, Chih-Han, and 張智涵. "Building the Model of Sport Tourism Development: Based on the Social Exchange Theory and Social Identity Theory." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58y324.
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博士臺北市立大學
競技運動訓練研究所
106
Objective: This study investigated the benefits of recreation and construction of sports tourism development attitudes in the Tianmu area through social science research. Methods: The questionnaire survey method was used to study the audience at the 2017 World University Games Tianmu Baseball Stadium and Diving Venue. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's product moment correlation, simple regression, stepwise multiple regression and structural equations, and tourism cost method were used in the study. Total of 675 questionnaires were collected. Results: The average score of participants in sports and tourism development attitude was 3.93. In the social exchange theory, the influence of attitude on appreciation motivation to sports tourism might be increased, through the positive impact of tourism and public participation. In the social identity theory, the influence of national identity could be increased on sports tourism through the popular participation and positive impact of tourism. The negative impact on tourism in this study wasn’t significant statistically. The average recreational benefits was approximently NT﹩1138.46 per person, and the overall economic return was NT﹩110,311,081. Conclusions: (1) Participants had positive attitudes toward sports and tourism development. (2) It were proved that the theory of social exchange theory and social identity theory. (3) The relationship among the various attitudes toward sports tourism development attitudes were except for the negative impact of tourism moderately positively correlated. (4) The predictive factors of sports tourism development attitude were influenced by the positive impact of public participation and tourism. (5) The attitude model for sports tourism development was established. (6) The economic return of sports tourism was NT﹩110,311,081.