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Journal articles on the topic 'Social hierarchization'
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1
Hampl, Martin. "The regional differentiation of society: general types of development processes." Geografie 115, no. 1 (2010): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2010115010001.
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This contribution deals with general problems concerning typologies of development processes. The previously developed classification of real systems was utilised as a point of departure for this evaluation. At the level of societal systems, three basic types of real systems, in terms of their level of structural complexity, are distinguished in this classification: human populations (for example demographic systems), social systems and socio-geographic systems. The development of the organization of these systems differs according to size and structural indicators. While, in terms of structural/generic indicators, there are always processes of re-homogenization, the orientation of such processes is always different, on the basis of size indicators: in the case of demographic systems, re-homogenization; for social systems, the reproduction of partial hierarchization; and for socio-geographical systems, re-hierarchization.
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Currás, Brais X., and Inés Sastre. "Egalitarianism and resistance: A theoretical proposal for Iron Age Northwestern Iberian archaeology." Anthropological Theory 20, no. 3 (2019): 300–329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1463499618814685.
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We propose a theory of “egalitarianism” as an active historical factor in contexts which have been traditionally considered structurally hostile to it, such as complex agrarian societies. First, we review thoroughly the main anthropological and sociological contributions to resistance against hierarchization in agrarian social contexts (taking into account peasant studies and a segmentary lineage’s tradition). Specific emphasis is placed on the forms of organizing production. Then we go through the archaeological landscape of the Iberian Northwestern Iron Age in order to evidence the viability of “assertive egalitarianism” where control of resources was distributed among social segments (households and settlements). We will show a historical process that diverges from what occurs at that time in hierarchical regions. By combining two levels of archaeological analysis (regional and local) we will conclude that a large part of the Iberian Northwest was occupied, from the 8th up to 2nd centuries BC by egalitarian social formations – with social exploitation absent – whose anti-hierarchization structures only crumbled upon the presence of Rome from the 2nd century BC onwards.
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Soriano, I., A. M. Herrero-Corral, R. Garrido-Pena, and T. Majó. "Sex/gender system and social hierarchization in Bell Beaker burials from Iberia." Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 64 (December 2021): 101335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2021.101335.
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Busov, Sergey, Maria Zobova, and Alexey Rodukov. "The concept of “chaos measure” in the aspect of social synergetics." SHS Web of Conferences 72 (2019): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20197201008.
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We understand chaos as a bifurcation process, the quantitative characteristic of which is reduced to the number of possibilities for the further evolution of the system, which in real time is directly expressed by self-oscillations of chaos and order (bifurcation cascade). The questions are being investigated: the scientific correctness of such formulations as ―chaos measure‖, ―evolution of chaos‖, correlation of the concepts ―measure of chaos‖ and ―magnitude of entropy‖; does the concept of ―measure of chaos‖ correlate with the concept of entropy; how the concepts of ―measure of chaos‖ and ―measure of order‖ relate, and is it possible to ―control‖ chaos? Models that study the evolution of open systems provide a bifurcation picture of development opportunities in at least two directions: complication and simplification, progress and regression, hierarchization of systems and their de-hierarchization, where a quantitative measure of chaos corresponds to the number of possible outcomes. The conclusion drawn from this is that human influence on the vector of the evolutionary process is reduced to a deliberate impact on the structure, which is commonly called the norm: an individual is able to comprehend the "measure of chaos" of the system of which he is an element, correlate it with the "measure of order" of the system and, setting the norm, thereby determine the direction to the superattractor.
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Iliadis, Andrew. "Algorithms, ontology, and social progress." Global Media and Communication 14, no. 2 (2018): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742766518776688.
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Recently, media and communication researchers have shown an increasing interest in critical data studies and ways to utilize data for social progress. In this commentary, I highlight several useful contributions in the International Panel on Social Progress (IPSP) report toward identifying key data justice issues, before suggesting extra focus on algorithmic discrimination and implicit bias. Following my assessment of the IPSP’s report, I emphasize the importance of two emerging media and communication areas – applied ontology and semantic technology – that impact internet users daily, yet receive limited attention from critical data researchers. I illustrate two examples to show how applied ontologies and semantic technologies impact social processes by engaging in the hierarchization of social relations and entities, a practice that will become more common as the Internet changes states towards a ‘smarter’ version of itself.
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Kamanzi, Pierre Canisius, Gaële Goastellec, and Laurence Pelletier. "Mass University and Social Inclusion: The Paradoxical Effect of Public Policies." Social Inclusion 9, no. 3 (2021): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v9i3.4165.
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The objective of this article is to revisit the role of public policies in the social production and reproduction of university access inequalities that have been made evident more than ever in the current intensified mass higher education context. Although the situation is complex and varies from one societal context to another, a systematic review of the existing literature highlights the undeniable responsibility of public policies in this reproduction through three main channels: guidance systems and educational pathways, institutions’ stratification and hierarchization of fields of study and, finally, the financing of studies and tuition fees.
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Andriulo, Giovanni. "A strategy of quick hierarchization of road bridge maintenance activities." European Transport/Trasporti Europei 80, ET.2020 (2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.48295/et.2020.80.4.
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The control and maintenance of infrastructures is a crucial aspect for the sustainability and development of the economic and social activities of a country. The managing authorities, in order to preserve the efficiency and safety of the traffic flows, have to deal with a rather old infrastructure asset that is often in a non-optimal conservation state with an increasing degradation process induced by the increment of the traffic loads and by the environmental actions. The situation is exacerbated by the limited economic resources and reduced workforces at disposal with the consequence that an order of priority in the maintenance plain is anavoidable. This work provides a logical tool to define the hierarchy of the maintenance plain of the infrastructural heritage based on one hand on the structure state of conservation and on the other hand on the context in which the construction is integrated
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Ravochkin, N. N. "Procedural world nonlinear dynamics." Ekonomicheskie i sotsial’no-gumanitarnye issledovaniya, no. 1(29) (2021): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24151/2409-1073-2021-1-62-71.
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In this article, the author attempts to uncover and then critically analyze the nonlinear world dynamics of the leading trend of our time. Close attention is paid to the place and role of social processes that contribute to the growth of nonlinearity and unpredictability of modern world dynamics. The meaning of the synergetic concept is clarified when considering the dynamics of the present world. Shows the variability of modern social relations. The essence of the self-determinability of the world is presented. The hierarchization of modern social systems is determined.
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Ledezma, Ana María. "‘Mijita Rica’: The female body as a subject in the public space." Multidisciplinary Journal of Gender Studies 6, no. 2 (2017): 1290. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/generos.2017.2042.
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The politeness system is one of the most subtle and everyday forms of gender violence.Harassment in public is a socially accepted practice in Chile, where the ideological background crosses the various social spheres and remains rooted in the national and Latin American ethos.This article questions its bases, revealing the symbolic violence, gender hierarchization, and the reproduction of the ideology of separate spheres infused in street "flattery".
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Fennis, Bob M. "Branded Into Submission: Brand Attributes and Hierarchization Behavior in Same-Sex and Mixed-Sex Dyads." Journal of Applied Social Psychology 38, no. 8 (2008): 1993–2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2008.00377.x.
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Lordly, Daphne. "The Trusted Expert as an ideological code: The social organization of dietetic knowledge." Critical Dietetics 3, no. 1 (2016): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32920/cd.v3i1.666.
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Abstract Research was undertaken to explore what counts as dietetic knowledge. Dietetics prior learning assessment and recognition (PLAR) practice was the research entry point. PLAR involves the measurement of non-formal knowledge for credit. Official dietetic texts were examined, and dietetic practitioners and accreditors were interviewed. This paper uses findings from those analyses to suggest that what comes to be counted, as dietetic knowledge is a particular kind of dietetic knowledge that is seen to support the institutional version of the trusted expert. Dietitians may unknowingly be operating from within an ideological frame that perpetuates the homogenation and the hierarchization of dietetic knowledge. A knowledge status quo is created as discussions about dietetic knowledge are captured within an ideological circle.
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Savin, Andrey I. "STALIN’S HEROES IN THE REFLECTION OF THE 1930s EGO-DOCUMENTS." Ural Historical Journal 69, no. 4 (2020): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2020-4(69)-101-108.
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The article analyzes the potential of ego-documents of 1930s in researching the heroization of soviet daily life and the creation of Stalin’s heroes pantheon. In this context the hero is an institutional hero who received his status as a result of a state awarding act. Basing on the diaries and “letters to authorities” the article reconstructs self-perception of soviet “heroic” elites, as well as their perception by the contemporaries. The article finds, that ego-documents are a unique source of information, which makes it possible to research deeply such problems of soviet heroism as specific identity of Stalin’s heroes, mechanisms of creation of elitist soviet groups and personality cults of individual heroes, society hierarchization and reproduction of social inequality as a result of “order holders” affinity to authorities. Besides, ego-documents allow more authentic characterizing of the practices of public representation and glorification of Stalin’s heroes. In conclusion, the article states, that soviet society perceived processes of daily life heroization and the emergence of a plethora of Stalin’s heroes very ambiguously. The part of the society that chose to adapt actively to Stalin’s system demonstrated its delight with the idea of soviet heroism. In turn, skeptical contemporaries managed to see the policy of “making heroes” for what it was: effective strategies and practices aimed at manipulating the society, a powerful tool of social differentiation and hierarchization and a way to build-up specific soviet collective identity.
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Quiroga-Garza, Angélica, Efraín García-Sánchez, Francisco A. Treviño-Elizondo, and Guillermo B. Willis. "Relación entre clase social subjetiva y autoeficacia: efecto de la comparación social." Anales de Psicología 34, no. 2 (2018): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.34.2.266611.
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<span style="font-family: 'Garamond',serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"><strong>Socioeconomic class is a relevant variable with regard to the process of social hierarchization; specifically, subjective social class (SSC) has been found to correlate positively with the self-efficacy of persons. In the present study, with mixed methodology and a population size of 280 participants, we attempted to replicate these results by operationalizing SSC in the two following manners: (a) through experimental manipulation --randomly requesting that participants compare themselves with those who are above or below them in a social hierarchy scale-- and (b) through measuring SSC as individual difference. The results show no effects due to experimental manipulation, but do support that SSC, measured as individual difference, positively correlates with general self-efficacy. Regarding qualitative analysis, when the participant’s descriptions of common characteristics in members of the upper and lower class were studied, we found that situational characteristics predominated (over dispositional characteristics), but with greater positive valence when describing the upper class. We conclude that SSC is an important factor in self-efficacy and that it moderates effects of social comparison.</strong></span>
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Bougard, François, Geneviève Bührer-Thierry, and Régine Le Jan. "Elites in the Early Middle Ages: Identities, Strategies, Mobility." Annales (English ed.) 68, no. 04 (2013): 733–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398568200000169.
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When considering status within early medieval societies, it is necessary to set aside juridical classifications in favor of concepts derived from political sociology—the notion of an “elite” can thus encompass any individual occupying an elevated social position within his or her community, be it through wealth, power, or culture. Using textual and archaeological sources, historians can seek out the processes of distinction and social recognition that were characteristic of elites throughout the early Middle Ages (from the sixth to the eleventh century). The Carolingian period shows signs of increasing hierarchization, which led both individuals and groups to devise strategies for bolstering their position and forestalling the loss of social status. Within the framework of these processes of social mobility, it becomes possible to examine elites at various levels and from different chronological and regional perspectives while avoiding an overly structural analysis.
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Codó, Eva. "Regimenting discourse, controlling bodies: Disinformation, evaluation and moral categorization in a state bureaucratic agency." Discourse & Society 22, no. 6 (2011): 723–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926511411696.
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This article examines, from a critical and ethnographic sociolinguistic perspective, the socio-discursive practices unfolding at the information desk of a Spanish immigration office in Barcelona. Drawing on a corpus of ethnographic materials and interactional data, the article discusses why frontline communication became constituted as it did, what practical routines and ideological considerations grounded it, and how multiple social and institutional orders intersected in the shaping of practical and symbolic gatekeeping. I claim that, through various micro-strategies of control, evaluation and moral hierarchization, the government employees at this bureaucratic agency enacted the disciplinary and exclusionary regime of the nation-state, and socialized their clients into becoming ‘good’ migrants.
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Santos, Eduardo Faria. "Corpo livre." GIS - Gesto, Imagem e Som - Revista de Antropologia 4, no. 1 (2019): 125–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2525-3123.gis.2019.152114.
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New forms of organizing social movements are debating the intersection of different social markers or axis of oppression, as gender, sexuality, class and race, problematizing sexual and gender norms. The collective A Revolta da Lâmpada, in São Paulo, Brazil, claims to be a platform with intersectional horizon, creating a common denominator – the free body – among different identity groups without the hierarchization of agendas and delegitimization of its exclusive spaces. Through the celebration of their bodies occupying public spaces, it uses diverse artistic expressions to do activism, what is being called artivism. The study highlights how the collective goes beyond the debate on identity politics and uses the intersectional inspiration together with the body – and its emotions – as site of resistance, celebration and means of exploring artistic forms of doing activism.
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Ortlieb, Renate, and Barbara Sieben. "The making of inclusion as structuration: empirical evidence of a multinational company." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 33, no. 3 (2014): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-06-2012-0052.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to theoretically and empirically analyse the question how organizations become inclusive – with special regard to migrants – and the potential limits to inclusion. Design/methodology/approach – The paper develops a theoretical framework based on Giddens’ structuration theory. By a firm-level case study, the paper empirically examines the theoretical propositions. Findings – The paper proposes that inclusion bears specific kinds of the structural dimensions signification, domination and legitimation on which organizational actors draw to reproduce the inclusive organization. The empirical case reveals three areas of organizational practices – personnel recruitment and selection; training and development; meals and parties – in the making of inclusion. But the interplay of specific rules and resources also contains social practices of differentiation and hierarchization that limit inclusion. Research limitations/implications – Future studies would benefit from considering additional socio-demographic characteristics and intersectionalities. An ethnographic approach on the basis of participant observation is also recommendable. A longitudinal empirical design focusing on causal relationships would expand the papers descriptive approach. Practical implications – The findings suggest that organizational actors can shape the structural dimensions corresponding to an inclusive organization by acting themselves accordingly and inciting others to do so. They should be aware of processes of differentiation and hierarchization that go along with practices of inclusion. Originality/value – Applying key arguments of structuration theory, the paper develops a comprehensive framework that considers corresponding rules and resources in detail. The empirical case study demonstrates the fruitfulness of the theoretical framework and reveals the ambivalence of organizational practices that promote inclusion.
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Luccas, Daiane Siqueira de, Liliana Müller Larocca, Maria Marta Nolasco Chaves, and Elizabeth Bernardino. "NURSES AND THE WORKING PROCESS AT A TEACHING HOSPITAL: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE UNIFIED HEALTH SYSTEM." Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem 24, no. 4 (2015): 959–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-0707201500000180014.
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Study guided by Norberto Elias's theoretical, methodological background, which objectified to analyze the changes in nurses' work process at a Teaching Hospital since the implementation of the Unified Health System. Data were gathered by means of an interview applied to 12 nurses working in the studied setting since 1990, with further discourse analysis. Eight themes emerged as results (integrality, decentralization, hierarchization, regionalization, work process, health funding and social control), and 35 thematic statements, categorized from concepts of figuration, interdependence and tension balance, which enabled discussions on relational dynamics between society and individuals in order to apply Unified Health System principles, and tension production to carry out the work process. We concluded that Unified Health System implementation-ridden changes reflected on such professionals' work process even indirectly.
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Bozilovic, Nikola. "Social construction of “other” as “primitive”." Filozofija i drustvo 24, no. 2 (2013): 193–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1302193b.
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The author of this paper deals with the problem of cultural difference through the analysis of the relationship ?us? - ?others?. He searches for the answer to the question why the culture of other peoples or individuals are often considered inferior in many societies. This type of treatment leads to the extreme where the position of the ?other? is reduced to the level of ?primitive? (less valuable, lowly, and brutal). In such a context, the author analyzes theoretical concepts of the Enlightenment rationalism of the 18th century and the anthropological evolutionism of the 19th century, believing that the roots of the negative assessment of the ?other? can be found in them. Namely, the majority of these theories conduct a hierarchization of culture according to the time and value principles, from which peoples and cultures can be classified as ?primitive? and ?civilized?. European modernism provided the vision of history as one of linear growth, which led to modern cultures being a priori declared more valuable and culturally more sublime. However, modern cultures are also classified among themselves according to value principles. The differentiation of cultures is performed using various stereotypes, and the idea of progress as rational improvement in the sphere of material culture, science, and technology legitimizes the transformation of the different (other) into primitive. From this prejudice, according to the author, emerges the Eurocentric thought on the exclusiveness of the European culture, which latently justifies colonialism and other negative phenomena coming from the European civilization. Primitivism is being presented as an objective state, while it is, in fact, the case of a social construction which has the aim of proclaiming the ?other? as ?primitive?.
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Looper, Matthew G. "From Inscribed Bodies to Distributed Persons: Contextualizing Tairona Figural Images in Performance." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 13, no. 1 (2003): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774303000027.
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Following trends in anthropology, the human body has recently become an important topic of discourse in archaeology. While some anthropologists consider the body as a social metaphor or site of symbolic inscription, others have questioned the validity of approaches based on the dichotomization and hierarchization of the mind and body. Semasiology, in particular, offers an epistemologically sound basis for interpreting the body, by grounding agency in the socially-structured actions that constitute corporeal space. This article applies the semasiological concept of the action-sign to archaeological problems through an examination of the interrelationship between Tairona anthropomorphic imagery and remains of ceremonial architecture at Pueblito, an archaeological site in Colombia. In both cases, physical remains constitute the traces of the actions through which agential persons created sacred spaces, and the meanings of these spaces may be more fully reconstructed by comparing diverse modes of embodiment. Tairona figural art and architecture constitute a creative technology, serving as an indexically-bound nexus of embodied social action.
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Silva Oyaneder, Vladimir. "Trascender la superficie: El cuerpo como enunciante retórico e ideológico en el documental Noticias." Catedral Tomada. Revista de crítica literaria latinoamericana 5, no. 9 (2018): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ct/2017.272.
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The text raises a critical interpretation about the representation of the body in the documentary Noticias (2009) of the Chilean directors Bettina Perut and Ivan Ossnovikof. To this end, it is emphasize on the capacity of the concept of a body without organs to destroy the intellectual reflection that has been universally hegemonic when it comes to appreciating a work of art. In this way, it is argued that the body in the analyzed film, aims to the de-hierarchization of the gaze in the intellectual act of appreciating cinematographic work. The body understood,then, as a sensitive organicity that inverts the reflection of body/intellect, shows the capacity of making a critique of the classic cinematic representation and a questioning to the ideological and social configuration in which, historically, the cinema has developed its discourse.
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ALCALDE, ÁNGEL. "WARTIME AND POST-WAR RAPE IN FRANCO'S SPAIN." Historical Journal 64, no. 4 (2021): 1060–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x20000643.
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AbstractBy examining the experience of rape in Spain in the 1930s and 1940s, this article explains how the Spanish Civil War and Franco's dictatorship dramatically increased the likelihood of women becoming victims of sexual assault. Contrary to what historians often assume, this phenomenon was not the result of rape being deliberately used as a ‘weapon of war’ or as a blunt method of political repression against women. The upsurge in sexual violence was a by-product of structural transformations in the wartime and dictatorial contexts, and it was the direct consequence, rather than the instrument, of the violent imposition of a fascist-inspired regime. Using archival evidence from numerous Spanish archives, the article historicizes rape in a wider cultural, legal, and social context and reveals the essential albeit ambiguous political nature of both wartime and post-war rape. The experience of rape was mostly shaped not by repression but structural factors such as ruralization and social hierarchization, demographic upheavals, exacerbation of violent masculinity models, the proliferation of weapons, and the influence of fascist and national-Catholic ideologies. Rape became an expression of the nature of power and social and gender relations in Franco's regime.
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Zubiaurre, Arantza, Eduardo Sisti, and Jabier Retegi. "The integration of the Basque machine tool cluster into GVCs." Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal 30, no. 4 (2020): 471–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cr-10-2019-0104.
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Purpose This paper aims to analyze how integration into global value chains has impacted the evolution of the Basque machine tool cluster from the 1990s to the present day. Design/methodology/approach The study was carried out in three steps. First, a comparative analysis was made of the renewal process of the 1990s and the current situation. Next, a quantitative analysis was undertaken to test whether the cluster has entered a new maturity period, and finally, qualitative data was gathered about the past and present challenges facing the companies in the cluster. Findings The empirical evidence of the present study shows that integration into global value chains has led to a hierarchization of the strategic trajectories and performances of the companies in the cluster. Additionally, evidence of a sustained period of new maturity and decline has been observed. The period of maturity and foreseeable challenges of the coming years were mentioned repeatedly during the interviews. Research limitations/implications Although the participants in the interviews were relevant individuals with a broad view of the cluster’s situation, their limited number and the lack of representation of companies that closed down during the renewal process, despite the efforts made by the authors, could be considered a limitation. Practical implications This paper sheds some light on the renewal/transformation period facing the cluster. Several of the main challenges and two extreme, hypothetical scenarios are discussed. The companies in the cluster will have to establish a position somewhere between those two scenarios. Social implications This paper presents two possible cluster transformation scenarios. The authors offer suggestions as to how to go about transforming the cluster with a view to secure a better position for dealing with future challenges. Originality/value Using quantitative and qualitative data, the paper reflects on the hierarchization and decline of the Basque machine tool cluster and provides new insight into the transformation and renewal needs of the cluster in a globally competitive environment.
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Bruun, Ole. "Environmental Protection in the Hands of the State: Authoritarian Environmentalism and Popular Perceptions in Vietnam." Journal of Environment & Development 29, no. 2 (2020): 171–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1070496520905625.
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Vietnam’s uncompromising economic growth priorities under Communist Party leadership have left environmental degradation and loss of biodiversity in its wake, and the country is in many respects at a critical threshold. Even so, recent debate has emphasized that state or “authoritarian” environmentalism may have political advantages in determined and coordinated environmental response, although the downside may be a denial of personal responsibility and low public awareness. Building on a series of field studies in rural and highland Vietnam, this article puts everyday environmental perceptions and practices into the perspective of long-term authoritarian governance. It explores the resulting hierarchization of state–society relations and fragmentation of social forces, in which environmental action, responsibility, and ethics primarily emanate from the state sphere. It argues that authoritarianism has contributed to a critical disjuncture between shared norms and the objective conditions of the biophysical environment, as comprehensive state dominance hampers autonomous value change in society.
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Shapiro, Matan. "Dynamics of movement: Intensity, ritualized play and the cosmology of kinship relations in Northeast Brazil." Anthropological Theory 20, no. 2 (2019): 193–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1463499619844102.
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Relations between play and ritual are notoriously problematic. While play tends to produce doubt, uncertainty and paradox, ritual instead clarifies, authenticates and refines the moral order. Focusing ethnographically on a celebration for the Divine Holy Spirit ( Divino Espírito Santo) in the Brazilian state of Maranhão, in this article I nonetheless move away from this common juxtaposition of ritual and play as mutually exclusive conceptual frameworks. I argue that we can instead imagine play and ritual as dynamic, processual experiences, which frequently merge when they are enacted together in highly symbolic public events. Seen in this light, ritual and play do not necessarily differ as rigid, predefined, conceptual frames, but rather as experiences that unfold in different forms: the experiential dynamic of play-scenarios is felt as horizontal deregulation, while the experiential dynamic of rituals converges towards and linear hierarchization. I consequently suggest more broadly that such dynamic terms as ‘pulsation’, ‘intensity’ and ‘rhythm’ better explicate the enduring social effects of public events in which the unequivocal and the ambiguous incessantly reconstitute each other.
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Zschirnt, Simon. "Justice for All in the Americas? A Quantitative Analysis of Admissibility Decisions in the Inter-American Human Rights System." Laws 10, no. 3 (2021): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws10030056.
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The overwhelming majority of unsuccessful petitions in the Organization of American States’ Inter-American human rights system are unsuccessful because they are dismissed at the pre-admissibility or admissibility phase rather than at the merits phase. Although this preliminary screening of applications constitutes the major obstacle to petitioners seeking justice, there has been relatively little scholarly analysis of the potential interplay of legal and attitudinal factors at this phase. That is, whether this phase may be where the biases that the system has been accused of (i.e., bias against leftist regimes and a “hierarchization” of negative rights and liberties over social justice) manifest themselves. This article fills this gap in the literature by undertaking a comprehensive quantitative analysis of Inter-American Commission on Human Rights admissibility decisions that measures the impact of a broad range of factors and compares the dynamics of admissibility decisions with those of merits decisions. In so doing, it places into context backlash against the system that has led to recent changes in the system’s procedures.
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Hashemi Moghadam, Hamidreza, Seyyed Mohammad Reza Adel, Saeed Ghaniabadi, and Seyyed Mohammad Reza Amirian. "A Bourdieusian analysis of the educational field and professional identity of EFL teachers." Qualitative Research Journal 19, no. 2 (2019): 156–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrj-12-2018-0002.
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PurposeInformed by the Bourdieusian construct of the social field, the purpose of this paper is to explore how different aspects of the educational field and the sub-field of English language teaching in Iran influence diverse components of the professional identity of high school EFL teachers. To this aim, the impact of the power hierarchization structure, distribution of capitals and field autonomy, as important aspects of the social field theory, is investigated in relation to Iranian EFL teachers’ professional identity construction.Design/methodology/approachVan Manen’s (1990) hermeneutic phenomenological research method was adopted to analyze the data obtained through the semi-structured interviews and reflexive journals from 15 Iranian EFL teachers at high schools.FindingsThe hermeneutic phenomenological analysis of the data yielded to the extraction of one global, three organizing and six basic themes. The global theme was the educational field and professional identity. The resulting organizing themes were: first, autonomous field and teachers’ commitment; second, asymmetric power relation and teachers’ autonomy; and, finally, cultural capital and teachers’ motivation. This study revealed how the complex and multi-dimensional nature of the power relations between the field of education and power influenced the professional identity of EFL teachers.Research limitations/implicationsThis dynamic representation of the inherent complexities of the educational context contributes to a more profound understanding of the role of the micro and macro contextual factors in formulating teachers’ professional identity. The implications of this study are further explained.Originality/valueHereby, the authors declare that all the procedures of data collection and analysis have been just done by the researchers.
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Anthias, Floya. "Interconnecting boundaries of identity and belonging and hierarchy-making within transnational mobility studies: Framing inequalities." Current Sociology 64, no. 2 (2015): 172–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392115614780.
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The article explores the collision and collusion between inequalities and identities with a focus on transnational mobilities. The author engages critically with the notions of identity and belonging before exploring racism, and integration and diversity discourses and practices, as ways in which non-belongings become shaped and reinforced. Belonging and identity simultaneously raise the question about boundaries of ‘difference’ and ‘identity’ and how they are struggled over but also relate to how people are placed hierarchically within societal systems of resource allocation and inequality. Struggles about membership, entitlements and belonging become ever more politicized where there is competition over resources in the translocational and transnational spaces of today’s world. Racisms forge and reconstitute forms of non-belonging which are central to inequalities, and as forms of boundary- and hierarchy-making, mark the boundaries in particularly violent and dehumanizing ways. Diversity and integration discourses are discussed in relation to European developments in the management of migration, with a particular focus on the UK. They are regarded as being underpinned by a hierarchization, culturalization and essentialization of difference. Finally, the article explores the potential of a ‘translocational’ and intersectional frame for understanding the transnational positioning of social actors in terms of hierarchy and inequality.
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Núñez-Rocha, Georgina Mayela, Cynthia Karyna López-Botello, Ana María Salinas-Martínez, Hiram V. Arroyo-Acevedo, Rebeca Thelma Martínez-Villarreal, and María Natividad Ávila-Ortiz. "Lifestyle, Quality of Life, and Health Promotion Needs in Mexican University Students: Important Differences by Sex and Academic Discipline." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (2020): 8024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218024.
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Few studies have evaluated and contrasted the lifestyles and quality of life of university students by academic discipline. We compared university students’ lifestyle and quality of life, and schools’ compliance with health promotion guidelines. Then, needs were ranked and prioritized. This was a cross-sectional study carried out in a public university in Northeastern Mexico. Higher education students with no visual or hearing impairment from six different academic disciplines were included (N = 5443). A self-administered and anonymous questionnaire was applied that included the HPLP (Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile) and SF-12 scales. A check list was employed for measuring 26 on-site schools’ compliance with health promotion guidelines, and needs were ranked using Z-scores. The mean lifestyle was 53.9 ± 14.8 and the mean quality of life was 69.7 ± 5. Men had healthier lifestyles with more exercise and better stress management. The mean compliance with health promotion guidelines was 58.7%. Agricultural Sciences students had the highest need for improving both lifestyle and quality of life. Arts, Education, and Humanities, Engineering and Technology, and Social and Administrative Sciences schools ranked first in need for health promotion actions. The methodology used allowed hierarchization of areas requiring planning and implementation of specific actions, and the results indicated that healthy lifestyles and quality of life should be a priority.
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Calvo, Daniel de Souza Costa, João Alberto Ferreira, Daisy Moreira Cunha, and Davidson Passos Mendes. "Risk management and the complexity of the right to refuse dangerous work in the context of hospital care: Preliminary issues." Work 67, no. 3 (2020): 655–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-203315.
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BACKGROUND: Risk management analysis at work makes it possible to find individual and collective experiences of recognition and hierarchization of risks in view of the specificities of labor situations and the complex and contradictory application of the right to refuse in health work, whose space and technique are still in a deep structural transformation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate how work organization impacts on the daily life of nursing care, in a general hospital surgical center, (un)enabling individual and collective risk management strategies in the context analyzed and how the right to refuse can be appropriate as a condition and strategy for work management. METHODS: Ergonomics (Work Ergonomic Analysis) was used to bring about the actual work activity and Ergology for epistemological deepening, whose research approach took place in a surgical center with four registered nurses. RESULTS: The results reveal that nursing work is invisible and that individual and collective strategies are used to manage the variability and constraints of the environment. The right to refuse is one of the competencies universe strategies conceived and built at work that ensure the realization of the results found. CONCLUSIONS: The right to refuse is full of meanings. Refusing does not mean “not doing”, but also to do otherwise, by other means. It is beyond health and security and can be linked to other variables such as quality, environment, social responsibility.
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Midura, Rachel. "Itinerating Europe: Early Modern Spatial Networks in Printed Itineraries, 1545–1700." Journal of Social History 54, no. 4 (2021): 1023–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shab011.
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Abstract Before the advent of formal cartography, with its emphasis on observation and accuracy and its reliance on global standards, the itinerary was the height of geographic knowledge. These lists of cities and their relative distances, represented by many national “miles” or the location of postal waystations, opened European travel to a broad readership. This article traces the repetition and modification of route headings across a newly comprehensive bibliography of eighty-five itinerary books printed from the sixteenth through the eighteenth century. The application of Social Network Analysis (SNA) models the organizing logic of the itinerary genre and hierarchization of regions, cities, and routes. Digital methods prove to be key for moving between scales of consideration, from following the fate of one city, to many linked cities, to entire regions or the network as a whole. While the pilgrimage path of St. James and transalpine commercial routes were widely republished, dynamic networks based on the dates of first and last publication indicate the influence of new postal hubs, sea travel, and borders on early modern conceptions of a connected Europe. Instead of a sharp break brought by the Thirty Years’ War (1618–48), the 1620s saw the extension and diversification of routes, while the 1680s marked their curtailment. State-patronized cartography reshaped the genre, as authors and publishers increasingly incorporated maps into itinerary book production.
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FERNANDES, F. R. "As transformações da justiça medieval ibérica entre os séculos XIII e XV." Passagens: Revista Internacional de História Política e Cultura Jurídica 13, no. 2 (2021): 222–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15175/1984-2503-202113203.
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The concept of justice came to be transformed in the medieval era in the Latin West, particularly between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries, due to ongoing shifts in the political and institutional fields. Monarchies became institutionalized due to the influence of debates proposed by the University of Bologna generating the construction of a legal culture systematizing the concepts and criteria for the exercise of justice without abandoning the relationship between these theories and the social context to which it was destined. Municipal representatives came to play an increasingly important role in events such as the rise of the Joanine Dynasty in Portugal (1383-5) and their aspirations and worldview would be sought out as one of the currencies of exchange for the granting of support, reflected in the legislation and in the legal collections developed by descendants of John I of Avis, such as the Alfonsine Ordinations. This constituted a space in which private rights overlapped with the Common Law emanating from the royal court and which crystallized a tendency towards Portuguese legal singularity promoting the hierarchization of the sources of law available in Latin. This work is developed from historical criticism applied to documentary content, Las Siete Partidas del muy noble Rey Don Alfonso el Sabio, Livro das Leis e Posturas, and the Ordenações Afonsinas.
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Ribeiro, Luiz Cesar de Queiroz, and Luciana Corrêa do Lago. "O espaço social das grandes metrópoles brasileiras: São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Belo Horizonte." Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais, no. 3 (November 30, 2000): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2000n3p111.
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Neste trabalho, buscamos avaliar os princípios segundo os quais se organiza o espaço social das metrópoles de São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Belo Horizonte, adotando essa noção como um conjunto de relações que definem posições e condicionam os atributos dos indivíduos por elas distribuídos.1 As variáveis relativas à natureza, à posição na ocupação no trabalho e aos setores econômicos nos quais se exercem são utilizadas, em um primeiro momento, para definir conceitualmente as categorias sócio-ocupacionais que conformam a estrutura social a partir das relações que definem posições no mercado de trabalho e na estrutura produtiva dessas metrópoles. Analisamos a composição da estrutura social do conjunto das três metrópoles e suas diferenças, utilizando os dados do Censo de 1991. Em seguida, buscamos avaliar como essa hierarquia social corresponde à distribuição desigual dos dois atributos sociais fundamentais na sociedade capitalista contemporânea, os quais determinam as chances de inserção dos indivíduos na hierarquia social: o capital econômico (renda) e o capital escolar (educação). Utilizando as técnicas de análise fatorial e de conglomerado (cluster analysis), procedemos à classificação dos indivíduos segundo a sua posição na estrutura social e na distribuição dos capitais econômico e social. Tal análise nos permitirá identificar os princípios centrais segundo os quais o espaço social da metrópole se estrutura. Em seguida, avaliaremos em que medida as posições sociais identificadas são sobredeterminadas, ou não, por três atributos sociodemográficos que atuam como mecanismos seletivos na distribuição das formas de capitais: raça/etnia, sexo e tipo de família. Palavras-chave: estrutura social; desigualdade; metrópole. Abstract: The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of the social structures of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Belo Horizonte, adopting the concept of social space as a group of relationships which define positions and condition individuals’ attributes. Social positions are based on twenty four professional categories built up from economic, occupational and social variables of the 1991 Demographic Census, each position expressing a place in the social division of labour. In the analysis of social space we examine the differences between category profiles in terms of income, education, gender, race, geographical location and housing conditions, and then we identify the major social structuring axes of the three metropolises and their correlation with social inequalities. In this way we attempt to use a “multi-dimensional” concept of the structuring of social space that allows a better understanding of the occasional differences in social position between occupational groups. Such events are understood not as exceptions but rather as manifestations of the multiple scales of social space hierarchization. Keywords: social structure; inequality; metropolis.
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Čičirkaitė, Ramunė. "Social meaning of Vilnius vowel lengthening. The research of pupils’ subconscious attitudes." Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 6 (November 7, 2015): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2014.17487.
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It is not enough just to describe the distribution of linguistic variants in a speech community in order to explain language variation and change in apparent time, it is important to examine what attitudes language users have towards them as well as social meanings attributed to them. To date the social meaning of vowel lengthening as a relevant feature of Vilnius speech has, however, not been studied. In February–March in 2014 speaker evaluation experiment was conducted in two socially and ethnically unmarked schools with Lithuanian as the language of instruction. The schools were ranked in the middle position in the rating of city schools; all of them were located in two socially unmarked boroughs of Vilnius. The experiment aimed at determining the social meanings that vowel lengthening acquires among Vilnius city pupils. A total of 231 senior (9–10) class pupils took part in the study. The experiment has confirmed the hypothesis that vowel lengthening in Vilnius speech is not evaluated ambiguously and has more than one social meaning. It is the articulatory context, in the other words – the cluster of other pronunciation features of a speaker (or stimuli type) that is decisive in which of the meanings is actualized. It has also showed a clear hierarchization of the stimuli types which reveal natural variability of short vowel lengthening in the speech community of Vilnius: 1) Kam+GalLT, 2) Neu, 3) Kam and 4) Kam+GalSL. The study has revealed that if vowel lengthening in the stem of the word and in the inflectional ending occurs in the articulatory context of the speakers of Lithuanian origin, it is perceived as a marker of high social status, power, high professional competence of the speaker as well as representing businessman profession, a speaker who could work as a newsreader, hold leadership positions. Personal traits like „educated“, „wealthy“, „successful“, „managing“, „youthful“, „urban“ and „having a good job“ have mostly been assigned to the latter types of speakers with statistically significant difference. If vowel lengthening occurs in the articulatory context of the speakers of Slavic origin, it is recognized as Slavic and associated with low social status, linked to services and working-class occupations. In addition, all the mentioned personal traits to this type of stimuli have been assigned most rarely by the pupils. Only the stem lengthening articulatory context has been linked to the category of provinciality and this stimuli type representing speakers have been mostly considered to be suitable for service occupations.
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Iribarren, Isabel. "From Black Magic to Heresy: A Doctrinal Leap in the Pontificate of John XXII." Church History 76, no. 1 (2007): 32–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640700101404.
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In 1320, Pope John XXII launched a doctrinal enterprise of some import: the assimilation of practices of black magic into the crime of heresy. As was his custom, John sought the opinion of experts before taking a final decision that would entail, among other consequences, extending the jurisdiction of the inquisition to cover cases of black magic. In his recent study on medieval demonology, Alain Boureau has suggested that the question that truly concerned the pope was not witchcraft or ritual magic per se, but the role of the devil in these practices. Boureau based his thesis on a wide-ranging theory of late medieval representations of individual subjectivity and society, on the principle of “pact” or covenant between two free-willing parties. Away from old, static forms of social hierarchization, the fourteenth century favors a contractual structure that places the emphasis on the voluntary nature of the relation between individuals in society and between humans and God. Boureau develops his argument on the basis of the response offered by one of the members of the 1320 commission, the Franciscan Enrico del Carretto. Bishop of Lucca, Enrico had been among the experts in charge of judging the orthodoxy of the Franciscan Spirituals in 1318, and had also participated in the discussion towards the preparation of the bullCum inter nonnullos. We are thus in the presence of one of John XXII's curial cohort. Boureau accords particular value to Enrico's response because he is the only member of the commission who seems to draw attention to the real efficacity of demonic causality in black magic, thus offering the first explicit evidence of thetournant demonologiquetaking place in the medieval Church between the end of the thirteenth and the beginning of the fourteenth century.
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Kinney, Dale. "Liturgy, Space, and Community in the Basilica Julii (Santa Maria in Trastevere)." Acta ad archaeologiam et artium historiam pertinentia 31 (December 31, 2019): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/acta.7801.
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The Basilica Julii (also known as titulus Callisti and later as Santa Maria in Trastevere) provides a case study of the physical and social conditions in which early Christian liturgies 'rewired' their participants. This paper demonstrates that liturgical transformation was a two-way process, in which liturgy was the object as well as the agent of change. Three essential factors - the liturgy of the Eucharist, the space of the early Christian basilica, and the local Christian community - are described as they existed in Rome from the fourth through the ninth centuries. The essay then takes up the specific case of the Basilica Julii, showing how these three factors interacted in the concrete conditions of a particular titular church. The basilica's early Christian liturgical layout endured until the ninth century, when it was reconfigured by Pope Gregory IV (827-844) to bring the liturgical sub-spaces up-to-date. In Pope Gregory's remodeling the original non-hierarchical layout was replaced by one in which celebrants were elevated above the congregation, women were segregated from men, and higher-ranking lay people were accorded places of honor distinct from those of lesser stature. These alterations brought the Basilica Julii in line with the requirements of the ninth-century papal stational liturgy. The stational liturgy was hierarchically organized from the beginning, but distinctions became sharper in the course of the early Middle Ages in accordance with the expansion of papal authority and changes in lay society. Increasing hierarchization may have enhanced the transformational power of the Eucharist, or impeded it.
 Keywords: S. Maria in Trastevere, stational liturgy, tituli, presbyterium.
 On cover:Monks singing the Office and decorated initial A[sperges me.]. Gradual Olivetan Master (Use of the Olivetan Benedictines), illuminated manuscript on parchment ca. 1430-1439. Italy, Monastero di Santa Maria di Baggio near Milan, Ca 1400-1775.Beinecke Ms1184: The olivetan Gradual. Gradual. General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.
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Urbańczyk, Przemysław. "The Goths in Poland — where did they come from and when did they leave?" European Journal of Archaeology 1, no. 3 (1998): 397–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/eja.1998.1.3.397.
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Recent archaeological discoveries and reinterpretations of written sources supported by the concepts of historical anthropology allow the creation of a new picture about the Goths. Most of the archaeologists studying the cultural situation in northern Poland during the Roman period admit today that the roots of the Wielbark culture commonly identified with the early Goths are to be sought in local traditions. The results of that process, which can be explained in terms of change in symbolic consciousness rather than by a demographic expansion, became archaeologically visible in the mid-first century AD. The decision to leave the Baltic zone could have been taken by a Gothic social elite endangered by tensions resulting from unstable trade relations with the Roman Empire and climatic deterioration. However, a substantial part of the agricultural Wielbark population stayed behind, preferring well-known circumstances than risks of an unpredictable fate in distant lands. Among those people, after some time, the hierarchization process was repeated, leading to the emergence of a new elite, which decided to follow their predecessors by migrating to the south east. They are identified by the sources as the Gepids. There are strong archaeological indications that some part of the Wielbark population must have again stayed behind in Poland maintaining close contacts with their southern ‘cousins’. Archaeologists today suggest that some ‘Gothic’ groups from the Pontic steppes returned to the Baltic. The merging of Germanic and Baltic traditions resulted in a new cultural formation. In the ninth century AD, its material culture became more and more Prussian but there is evidence for lively contacts with western Europe, Scandinavia and the Abbassid Khalifate. A specific tradition recorded in the oldest Polish chronicles and in the twelfth century epitaph of the first Polish king Boleslav the Brave raises the serious possibility that some memory of the presence of Goths east of the Vistula somehow survived over centuries and it was used for construction of the Piasts' dynastic tradition.
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Khairulin, Oleh. "Game as a psychological program of the subject’s life activity." Psihologìâ ì suspìlʹstvo 4, no. 82 (2020): 24–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/pis2020.04.024.
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Modern features of human life activity are characterized by the accumulation of risks of critical uncertainty, lack of predictability and rational basis for productive decision-making and social interaction. It actualizes the large-scale problems of various genesis. In particular, it is talked about global problems of the military-political, medical-social and cultural-economic context. The hybrid geopolitical confrontation, the COVID-19 sanitary crisis, the precariat-movements Gilets jaunes and BLM and others are the examples of this. Therefore, a modern person is faced with the critical urgency to find and use reliable means of life activity in such conditions. Scientific psychology has the task of creating and providing practical effective mental tools for a person’s life in the complex social conditions of everyday life. The development of such tools should be carried out on a multidisciplinary methodological basis. It is argued that the most important tool of human life under these circumstances is the phenomenon of the game which is in the subject field of philosophical, psychological, mathematical, sociological, cultural and political discourses. Comparative scientific analysis confirms that the game is a universal onto-phenomenal form and a productive program of subject’s rational life activity; a way of the person’s and a society’s being in difficult conditions. In the field of scientific methodology, the game becomes a canonical multidisciplinary basis for research of this range of problems. This opportunity is given to the game by its ability to ensure the processes of systemgenesis of human and social group, because it is the game as a metaprogram of the subject’s life activity that optimally ensures the implementation of the fundamental principles of systemgenesis: a) ordered integrity; b) self-stabilization; c) self-organization, d) hierarchization and e) interaction of system components. Among these principles, the leading role is played by the principle of mutual cooperation, which is provided by the mechanisms of releasing the components of the system from excessive degrees of freedom, creating a model of useful results for it. These principles are axiomatically and isomorphically implemented both at the level of personality and at the level of social communication. This is due to the game programming of the subject, which exactly corresponds to the situation relevant to him. A universal system-forming factor in the genesis of a personal game program here is usefulness. The game combines time-space indicators, indicators of the result quality, and the mechanisms of its verification. The game introduces a program-genetic context of influence on the formation of human behavior from the mode of imitation to the mode of full-fledged action in moments of uncertainty. The full-fledged application of the game as a metaprogram of activity in difficult conditions spreads in society the priorities of intersubjective communicative rationality. The canonicity of the game here is manifested in the isomorphism of its content and participation with the mechanisms of Pareto-optimality (mathematical game theory), communicative rationality (philosophy), and taxonomy of the types of leading human activity (psychology of activity).
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Lugones, María. "Hacia un feminismo descolonial." La Manzana de la Discordia 6, no. 2 (2016): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/lamanzanadeladiscordia.v6i2.1504.
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Artículo aparecido en Hypatia, vol 25, No. 4 (Otoño, 2010).Traducido por Gabriela Castellanos.Resumen: Este trabajo se pregunta cómo pensar sobreinteracciones íntimas, cotidianas de resistencia a la diferenciacolonial, defi niendo intimidad no exclusivamente niprincipalmente en términos de relaciones sexuales, sino dela vida social entretejida entre personas que no están actuandocomo representantes o funcionarias. Se parte de laidea de que la lógica categorial dicotómica y jerárquica escentral para el pensamiento capitalista y colonial modernosobre raza, género y sexualidad, y de que los colonizadosfueron defi nidos desde el primer momento de la colonizacióncomo no-humanos, cuya animalidad les impedía servistos como hombres y mujeres, aun considerando a lasmujeres blancas como no-hombres. Se muestra el vínculoentre la introducción colonial del concepto instrumentalmoderno de la naturaleza que es central para el capitalismo,y la introducción colonial del concepto modernode género. Se propone un feminismo descolonial, con unfuerte énfasis en una intersubjetividad historizada, encarnada,entablando una crítica de la opresión de géneroracializada, colonial y capitalista, heterosexualista, comouna transformación vivida de lo social. En oposición a lajerarquización dicotómica que caracteriza la colonialidadcapitalista y moderna, se plantea el movimiento hacia lacoalición que nos impulsa a conocernos el uno al otrocomo sí mismos que son densos, en relación, en socialidadesalternativas y basadas en formas tensas, creativas,de habitar la diferencia colonial. Para ello es necesario elanálisis de la opresión de género racializada y capitalista,es decir, de “la colonialidad del género”, a fi n de vencerlamediante el “feminismo descolonial”.Palabras clave: Género, feminismo, colonialidad,descolonial, modernidadToward a Decolonial FeminismAbstract: This paper asks how to think about intimateeveryday interactions of resistance to colonial difference,defi ning intimacy not exclusively or even primarily in termsof sexual relations, but of social life interwoven amongpeople who are not acting as representatives or functionaries.It starts out from the idea that the dichotomousand hierarchical categorial logic is central for moderncapitalist and colonial thought about race, gender andsexuality, and that the colonized were defi ned from the verybeginning as non-humans, whose bestiality did not allowfor their being seen as men or women, even when whitewomen were considered as non-men. The link between thecolonial introduction of the modern instrumental conceptof nature is shown to be central for capitalism and for thecolonial introduction of the modern concept of gender. Adecolonial feminism is proposed, with a strong emphasison an incarnate, historicized intersubjectivity, posing criticismof the racialized, colonial, capitalist, heterosexualistgender oppression, as a lived transformation of the social.In opposition to the dichotomous hierarchization characteristicof capitalist, modern coloniality, it is proposed tostrengthen the movement toward coalition which impels usto get to know each other as dense, in-relation selves, inalternative socialities based on tense, creative habitationsof the colonial difference. For this we need the analysisof racialize3d and capitalist gender oppression, that is, ofthe coloniality of gender, in order to overcome it by meansof “decolonial feminism”.Key Words: Gender, feminism, coloniality, resistencia,modernity
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Nebeling Petersen, Michael. "Becoming Gay Fathers Through Transnational Commercial Surrogacy." Journal of Family Issues 39, no. 3 (2016): 693–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x16676859.
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Based on eight interviews with Danish gay male couples and one gay man, who had or were planning to become fathers through transnational commercial surrogacy, I examine the ways the men form family subjectivities between traditional kinship patterns and fundamentally new forms of kinship and family. Arguing that class, mobility, and privilege should also be understood as relational and negotiated positions, I show that gay men engaged in surrogacy must be understood as more flexible and differentiated. Second, I show how kinship as synonymous with biogenetic relatedness is supplemented by notions of kinship as devotion, individual will and determination, and reproductive desire in order to strengthen the men’s affinity to their children. Last, I examine how the men negotiate and work within the given structures of heteronormativity and Whiteness and rework notions of parenthood while at the same time reaffirming old hierarchizations of racialized and sexualized forms of procreation and families.
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Ribeiro, Débora. "Educação e Emancipação: justiça social e cognitiva." Revista Educação e Emancipação 13, no. 1 (2020): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2358-4319.v13n1p144-162.
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O objetivo deste texto é apresentar uma breve discussão sobre alguns aspectos de uma educação emancipadora, sob o viés de uma transformação epistêmica e curricular. Entendemos o currículo como construção social e cultural envolvido em relações de poder, criação de significados e hierarquizações. Dessa forma, quando o conhecimento curricularizado é principalmente o conhecimento moderno-ocidental, outras formas de conhecimento são deslegitimadas, o que contribui para a opressão de certos grupos por outros. Defendemos que uma transformação epistêmica tem o potencial de aproximar educação e emancipação social e cognitiva e, para tanto, apostamos na ecologia de saberes. Além disso, pontuamos que essa transformação deve se iniciar na formação de professores, pois a universidade ainda permanece com uma estrutura arbórea e fragmentada do conhecimento, onde há separação entre teoria e prática e os diferentes saberes da docência. Uma das conclusões a que podemos chegar é que o professor possui papel central nessa transformação rumo à emancipação, atuando como intelectual transformador, sendo a escola, ainda, espaço privilegiado para pensarmos e tornarmos possíveis outros mundos.Palavras-chave: Currículo. Formação de professores. Ecologia de saberes.Education and Emancipation: social and cognitive justiceABSTRACTThe purpose of this text is to present a brief discussion about some aspects of an emancipatory education, under the bias of an epistemic and curricular transformation. We understand the curriculum as a social and cultural construction involved in relations of power, creation of meanings and hierarchizations. Thus, when curricular knowledge is mainly modern-western knowledge, other forms of knowledge are delegitimized, which contributes to the oppression of certain groups by others. We argue that an epistemic transformation has the potential to bring education and social and cognitive emancipation closer to the ecology of knowledge. In addition, we point out that this transformation must begin in the formation of teachers, because the university still has a tree structure and fragmented knowledge, where there is a separation between theory and practice and the different knowledge of teaching. One of the conclusions we can reach is that the teacher plays a central role in this transformation towards emancipation, acting as a transforming intellectual, and the school is still a privileged space to think and make possible other worlds.Keywords: Curriculum. Teacher training. Ecology of knowledge.Educación y Emancipación: justicia social y cognitivaRESUMENEl objetivo de este texto es presentar una breve discusión sobre algunos aspectos de una educación emancipadora, bajo la línea de una transformación epistémica y curricular. Entendemos el currículo como construcción social y cultural involucrado con las relaciones de poder, creación de signifi cados y jerarquizaciones. De esa forma, cuando el conocimiento curricular es principalmente el conocimiento moderno-occidental, otras formas de conocimiento son deslegitimadas, lo que contribuye para la opresión de ciertos grupos por otros. Defendemos que una transformación epistémica tiene el potencial de acercar educación y emancipación social y cognitiva y, para ello, apostamos en la ecología de saberes. Además, señalamos que esa transformación debe iniciarse en la formación de profesores, pues la universidad aún permanece con una estructura arbórea y fragmentada del conocimiento, en que hay separación entre teoría y práctica y los diferentes saberes de la docencia. Una de las conclusiones a que podemos llegar es que el profesor posee papel central en esa trans formación hacia la emancipación, actuando como intelectual transformador, siendo la escuela aún espacio privilegiado para pensar y hacerse posibles otros mundos.Palabras clave: Plan de estudios. Formación de profesores. Ecología de saberes.
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Smith, Michael D. "Social Reproduction as Language Policy: The Neoliberal Co-option of English in Global Japan." Educational Policy, March 9, 2021, 089590482199984. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0895904821999840.
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In Japan, neoliberal discourses rationalize English language proficiency as a pathway to meritocratic reward and success in the global knowledge economy. With this ideology in mind, this review engages the market orientation of English domestically and the causative implications of class-distinguished capital. Specifically, Bourdieu’s theory of social reproduction is employed to foster comprehension of Japanese foreign language policies in which English substantiates itself as a valuable source of cultural investment. Notwithstanding the supposedly meritocratic intention of the Japanese state, this study concludes that credentialism, hierarchization, and marketization function in concert with a survival of the fittest corollary that, per globalized ideological-discursive assumptions, constrains agency through the justification of ELL as a vocational and civic moral worth. This conflation of internationalization and Englishization is better understood as an instrument of dominance, with the agency to participate in ELL interlocking with an incontrovertible doxa that rationalizes the economic, social, and political hierarchy.
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Hackfort, Sarah. "Für eine Feministische Politische Ökologie des Klimawandels." PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 44, no. 174 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v44i174.193.
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Social science climate research falls significantly short of the reflective power of feminist thought when it comes to the role of gender and its intersection with other categories of social difference and hierarchy in adaptation to climate change. This article seeks to narrow this gap by broadening the perspectives for an analysis of gender and adaptation to climate change from an intersectional and Political Ecology perspective. It argues for an multi-level framework that considers and relates three analytical levels: the political economic mechanisms of hierarchization, which shape the individual and collective scope of action through their material gender-, and class- or age specific effects, the effects of hegemonic representations and discourses, and the subject level in order to capture the identity political dynamics that contribute to unequal options for climate adaptation among subjects. It provides empirical illustrations from a case study in Mexico/Chiapas.
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Setton, Maria da Graça. "A divisão interna do campo universitário: uma tentativa de classificação." Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos 80, no. 196 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.24109/2176-6681.rbep.80i196.985.
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Reflete sobre uma possível hierarquização dos cursos universitários de Humanidades da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), a partir da análise da origem social e trajetória acadêmica de seus alunos. A análise das características socioculturais do estudantado permitiu observar que existe uma classificação velada dos cursos investigados. Mais do que isso, demonstra que existe uma correspondência entre as diferenças de recursos dos alunos e a procura por determinados cursos e carreiras. Trata-se de um esforço de compreensão do campo universitário e de parte dos agentes que o compõem. Palavras-chave: ensino superior; estudante universitário; origem social; trajetória acadêmica. Abstract The purpose of this paper is to propose a reflexion about a possible hierarchization of the universitaires humanities courses of USP, based on the analysis of the social origin and academic trajectory of it's students. The analysis of the social culturals characteristics of the students showed us the existence of a hidden classification in the studied courses. Moreover that, the analysis demonstrated that it exists a correspondence between the differences of economics ressources of the students and the demand for certains courses and careers. It is an effort on the understanding of the university field and on the understanding of parts of the agents who compose it. Keywords: universitary courses; universitary students; social origin; academic trajectory.
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Rieder, Bernhard, Òscar Coromina, and Ariadna Matamoros-Fernández. "Mapping YouTube." First Monday, July 16, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/fm.v25i8.10667.
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Over the past 15 years, YouTube has emerged as a large and dominant social media service, giving rise to a ‘platformed media system’ within its technical and regulatory infrastructures. This paper relies on a large-scale sample of channels (n=36M+) to explore this media system along three main lines. First, we investigate stratification and hierarchization in broadly quantitative terms, connecting to well-known tropes on structural hierarchies emerging in networked systems, where a small number of elite actors often dominate visibility. Second, we inquire into YouTube’s channel categories, their relationships, and their proportions as a means to better understand the topics on offer and their relative importance. Third, we analyze channels according to country affiliation to gain insights into the dynamics and fault lines that align with country and language. Throughout the paper, we emphasize the inductive character of this research, by highlighting the many follow-up questions that emerge from our findings.
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Felfli, Zineb, Roy George, Khalil Shujaee, and Mohamed Kerwat. "Community detection and unveiling of hierarchy in networks: a density-based clustering approach." Applied Network Science 4, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41109-019-0216-2.
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Abstract The unveiling of communities within a network or graph, and the hierarchization of its members that results is of utmost importance in areas ranging from social to biochemical networks, from electronic circuits to cybersecurity. We present a statistical mechanics approach that uses a normalized Gaussian function which captures the impact of a node within its neighborhood and leads to a density-ranking of nodes by considering the distance between nodes as punishment. A hill-climbing procedure is applied to determine the density attractors and identify the unique parent (leader) of each member as well as the group leader. This organization of the nodes results in a tree-like network with multiple clusters, the community tree. The method is tested using synthetic networks generated by the LFR benchmarking algorithm for network sizes between 500 and 30,000 nodes and mixing parameter between 0.1 and 0.9. Our results show a reasonable agreement with the LFR results for low to medium values of the mixing parameter and indicate a very mild dependence on the size of the network.
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Cohen, Deborah, and Lessie Jo Frazier. "More than Mojo: Gender, Sex, and the Racialized Erotics of Global ’68." Kalfou 2, no. 1 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.15367/kf.v2i1.51.
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Here we offer a transnational perspective on ’68 that takes sex, sexuality, and gender seriously. These factors are, we contend, critical to decoding the actions of rebellious youth and the elite panics that this youth activism provoked in a thoroughly racialized global arena. International dynamics of the sixties were themselves part of erotic economies of power often expressed in symbolically gendered and sexualized terms. They called attention to a modernist project premised on the global (already racialized) hierarchization of nations and peoples. National elites around the world were up in arms that the university children who had benefited from this modernizing project with the expansion of education were attempting to subvert it by flaunting its fundamental rule and engaging in cross-class and cross-racial sex. That is, the actions and rhetoric of both elites and youth reveal linkages between modernity, education, and the racialized erotics of ’68 movements. Hence, the political imaginaries animating social movements and sixties political culture writ large were gendered, sexed, racialized, and transnational. Taking racialized erotics seriously, we argue, reveals both the gendered and sexed nature of political agency, and the profound social, political, and cultural transformations many of the ’68 movements engendered. Sex, sexuality, and gender offer lenses into the workings of subjectivity, agency, memory, political cultures of the state, and contestatory social movements of the period, and show how the personal was (and still remains) political as a way of explaining ’68 as a pivotal year on a global scale.
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Barros-Grela, Eduardo. "Poéticas de (id)entidad y performances secundarias: subjetividades (a la deriva) en Hollywood." ODISEA. Revista de estudios ingleses, no. 11 (March 24, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/odisea.v0i11.338.
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Abstract: This essay discusses the ways in which performative and interpretative dialectics function within the representational hierarchization of Hollywood film during the 30´s and the 40´s. In particular, an emphasis is placed upon Flying Down to Rio (Freeland, 1933), Mexican Spitfire (Goodwins, 1940) and Gilda (Vidor, 1947), in which “stardom” is discussed into their space of hybrid representability. The objective of this analysis is to question the transculturation process that is repressed by the hierarchical connotation of power that is established for Latino spatialities in Hollywood.Resumen: Este estudio discute las formas de dialéctica interpretativa y performativa establecidas por la jerarquización representacional en el ámbito del cine hollywoodiense de las décadas de los años 30 y 40. Se estudian, en concreto, los filmes Flying Down to Rio (Freeland, 1933), Mexican Spitfire (Goodwins, 1940) y Gilda (Vidor, 1947) para cuestionar la transculturación reprimida por la connotación jerárquica de poder establecida para las espacialidades latinas en Hollywood, y se problematiza la funcionalidad de larepresentación de las identidades femeninas y masculinas -o masculinizantes- como maquinaria de ratificación de la estructura social estratificada del Hollywood de la época.
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Rasico, Patrick D. "Auctions and the Making of the Nabob in Late Eighteenth-Century Calcutta and London." Historical Journal, April 20, 2021, 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x21000303.
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Abstract This article examines the meanings and controversies surrounding sales by public auction in British colonial Calcutta and in London during the last decades of the eighteenth century. For Britons living in Calcutta's European sector, auctions were essential for acquiring imported European items that granted a sense of gentility and Britishness abroad. Public sales in Calcutta provided Britons with goods that instilled the fantasy of living in a British geography in India. However, by the last quarter of the century, ‘sales by hammer’ throughout the colonial world carried association with corruption, cruelty, and orientalization in the metropolitan imagination. In Britain, textual and visual accounts circulated of Europeans transforming into debauched ‘nabobs’, of the horrors of American slave auctions, and of the British East India Company's use of public sales to defraud and abuse prominent Indians. For some metropolitan observers, sales by hammer were a deceitful means of seizing property and status from the traditional landed elite of India and Britain. British critics feared that colonial auction practices could become common in Britain and could lead to the upending of social hierarchization and the normalization of slavery in the metropolis.
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Amrhein, Helen. "La jerarquización del conocimiento, las nuevas formas de gobernanza a distancia y la mercantilización de los derechos humanos: neo-colonización, índices e indicadores / The hierarchization of knowledge, new forms of governance at a distance and the mercantilization of Human Rights: neo-colonization, indicators and indices." Revista Internacional de Ciencias Sociales 7, no. 1 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.37467/gka-revsocial.v7.1639.
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ABSTRACT The proliferation in the uses of indicators in the human rights area have rendered and naturalized them into new forms of knowledge construction and hierarchization, as well as tools of governance at a distance. As a consequence of this naturalization in its uses, the democratic political processes of reflexivity and concertation have been undermined by the hierarchical construction of technical knowledge as superior. Despite their huge limitations, opacity in their construction and essentialism, indicators are portrayed in our evermore imbued by corporate values societies, into new forms of power/knowledge, violence and neo-colonization. Through an ethnographic approach this research follows the historical evolution of indicators, from astronomical tools of measurement to their uses as instruments upon which political, economic and social policies are taken.RESUMENLa proliferación en la utilización de indicadores en el área de derechos humanos, los ha convertido y naturalizado como nuevas formas de construcción y jerarquización del conocimiento, así como en herramientas de gobernanza a distancia. Como consecuencia de esta naturalización en los usos, se han minado los procesos políticos democráticos de reflexividad y de concertación, al limitar el debate y los consensos necesarios en la toma de decisiones políticas, socavados por una jerárquica construcción de supremacía de las decisiones técnicas. A pesar de sus grandes limitaciones, la opacidad en su construcción, y su esencialismo, los indicadores en nuestras sociedades permeadas por valores corporativos, se han constituido en nuevas formas de poder/saber, así como de violencia y neo-colonización. Siguiendo una investigación etnográfica, este trabajo sigue la evolución histórica de los indicadores desde sus inicios como herramientas de medición astronómicas, hasta sus actuales usos como instrumentos de evaluación imperiosos en la toma de decisiones políticas, económicas y sociales.